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Suwankanit K, Shimizu M. Rat Model of Quadriceps Contracture by Joint Immobilization. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11121781. [PMID: 36552289 PMCID: PMC9775761 DOI: 10.3390/biology11121781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Muscle contracture is an abnormal pathologic process resulting in fibrosis and muscle atrophy, which can lead to limitation of joint motion. To establish a diagnostic method to detect muscle contracture and a method to control its progression, we investigated an appropriate method to create an animal model of quadriceps contracture using rats. Eighteen Wistar rats were divided into three groups, and bilateral hindlimbs were immobilized with either a cast (Group I), a Velcro hook-and-loop fastener (Group V), or steel wire (Group S) with the knee and ankle joints in extension position for two weeks. Five rats in a control group (Group C) were not immobilized. After two weeks, the progression of quadriceps contracture was assessed by measuring the range of joint motion and pathohistological changes. Muscle atrophy and fibrosis were observed in all immobilization groups. The knee joint range of motion, quadriceps muscle weight, and muscle fiber size decreased only in Group S compared to the other immobilization groups. Stress on rats due to immobilization was less in Group S. These results indicate that Group S is the superior quadriceps contracture model. This model aids research investigating diagnostic and therapeutic methods for muscle contracture in humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanokwan Suwankanit
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic Imaging, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Tokyo 183-0054, Japan
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Miki Shimizu
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic Imaging, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Tokyo 183-0054, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-42-367-5605
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2
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Mo J, Wang Z, Liu Q, Li Z, Nie Q. Construction and Analysis of Disuse Atrophy Model of the Gastrocnemius Muscle in Chicken. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23136892. [PMID: 35805900 PMCID: PMC9266690 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23136892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Disuse muscle atrophy is identified as the physiological, biochemical, morphological, and functional changes during restricted movement, immobilization, or weightlessness. Although its internal mechanism has been extensively studied in mammals and was thought to be mainly related to oxidative stress, it was unclear whether it behaved consistently in non-mammals such as chickens. In this study, we tried to construct a disuse atrophy model of the gastrocnemius muscle in chickens by limb immobilization, and collected the gastrocnemius muscles of the fixed group and the control group for RNA sequencing. Through analysis of muscle loss, HE staining, immunohistochemistry, and oxidative stress level, we found that limb immobilization could lead to loss of muscle mass, decrease in muscle fiber diameter, decrease in the proportion of slow muscle fibers, and increase in the proportion of fast muscle fibers, and also cause elevated levels of oxidative stress. In addition, a total of 565 different expression genes (DEGs) were obtained by RNA sequencing, which was significantly enriched in the biological processes such as cell proliferation and apoptosis, reactive oxygen species metabolism, and fast and slow muscle fiber transformation, and it showed that the FOXO signaling pathway, closely related to muscle atrophy, was activated. In brief, we initially confirmed that limb immobilization could induce disuse atrophy of skeletal muscle, and oxidative stress was involved in the process of disuse muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Mo
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources & Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.M.); (Z.W.); (Q.L.); (Z.L.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Livestock Breeding, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhijun Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources & Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.M.); (Z.W.); (Q.L.); (Z.L.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Livestock Breeding, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Qingchun Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources & Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.M.); (Z.W.); (Q.L.); (Z.L.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Livestock Breeding, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhenhui Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources & Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.M.); (Z.W.); (Q.L.); (Z.L.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Livestock Breeding, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Qinghua Nie
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources & Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.M.); (Z.W.); (Q.L.); (Z.L.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Livestock Breeding, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-20-8528-5759
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Byeon HR, Jang SY, Lee Y, Kim D, Hong MG, Lee D, Shin JH, Seo JG. New Strains of Akkermansia muciniphila and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii are Effective for Improving the Muscle Strength of Mice with Immobilization-Induced Muscular Atrophy. J Med Food 2022; 25:565-575. [PMID: 35708632 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2021.k.0148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscular atrophy is a muscle disease in which muscle mass and strength decrease due to aging, injury, metabolic disorders, or chronic conditions. Proteins in muscle tissue are degraded by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, and atrophy accelerates this pathway. Akkermansia muciniphila and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii strains are effective agents against metabolic and inflammatory diseases in next-generation probiotic research. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of A. muciniphila strain EB-AMDK19 and F. prausnitzii strain EB-FPDK11 in a mouse model of muscular atrophy, since atrophy inhibits energy metabolism and immune activation. After oral administration of each strain for 4 weeks, the hind legs of the mice were fixed with a plaster cast to immobilize them for a week. As a result, the administration of EB-AMDK19 and EB-FPDK11 strains improved grip strength but did not increase muscle mass. At the molecular level, A. muciniphila and F. prausnitzii treatments decreased the expression levels of ubiquitin-proteasome genes, atrogin-1, MuRF, and cathepsin L. They increased the expression level of the mitochondrial biogenesis regulatory gene, PGC-1α. The effect of the strains was confirmed by a decrease in myostatin. Furthermore, A. muciniphila and F. prausnitzii modulated the immune function by enhancing ZO-1 and inhibiting IL-6. In particular, EB-AMDK19 promoted the expression of IL-10, an anti-inflammatory cytokine. These results suggest that A. muciniphila and F. prausnitzii may have beneficial effects on muscular atrophy, verified by newly isolated EB-AMDK19 and EB-FPDK11 as potential next-generation probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Rim Byeon
- Efficacy Assessment Team, R&D Center, Enterobiome Inc., Siksa-dong, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Korea
| | - Seo-Yul Jang
- Efficacy Assessment Team, R&D Center, Enterobiome Inc., Siksa-dong, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Korea
| | - Yoonmi Lee
- Efficacy Assessment Team, R&D Center, Enterobiome Inc., Siksa-dong, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Korea
| | - Dohak Kim
- Strain Development Team, R&D Center, Enterobiome Inc., Siksa-dong, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Korea
| | - Moon-Gi Hong
- Strain Development Team, R&D Center, Enterobiome Inc., Siksa-dong, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Korea
| | - Dokyung Lee
- Strain Development Team, R&D Center, Enterobiome Inc., Siksa-dong, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Korea
| | - Joo-Hyun Shin
- R&D Center, Enterobiome Inc., Siksa-dong, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Korea
| | - Jae-Gu Seo
- R&D Center, Enterobiome Inc., Siksa-dong, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Korea
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Xu M, Liu X, Bao P, Wang YJ, Lu J, Liu YJ. H2S Protects Against Immobilization-Induced Muscle Atrophy via Reducing Oxidative Stress and Inflammation. Front Physiol 2022; 13:844539. [PMID: 35464091 PMCID: PMC9019569 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.844539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation and oxidative stress are major triggers of the imbalance between protein synthesis and degradation during the pathogenesis of immobilization-induced muscle atrophy. This study aimed to elucidate the effects of hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a gas transmitter with potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, on immobilization-induced muscle atrophy. Mice were allocated to control and immobilization (IM) groups, which were treated with slow (GYY4137) or rapid (NaHS) H2S releasing donors for 14 days. The results showed that both GYY4137 and NaHS treatment reduced the IM-induced muscle loss, and increased muscle mass. The IM-induced expressions of Muscle RING finger 1 (MuRF1) and atrogin-1, two muscle-specific E3 ubiquitin ligases, were decreased by administration of GYY4137 or NaHS. Both GYY4137 and NaHS treatments alleviated the IM-induced muscle fibrosis, as evidenced by decreases in collagen deposition and levels of tissue fibrosis biomarkers. Moreover, administration of GYY4137 or NaHS alleviated the IM-induced infiltration of CD45 + leukocytes, meanwhile inhibited the expressions of the pro-inflammatory biomarkers in skeletal muscles. It was found that administration of either GYY4137 or NaHS significantly attenuated immobilization-induced oxidative stress as indicated by decreased H2O2 levels and 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) immunoreactivity, as well as increased total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (NRF2) and NRF2 downstream anti-oxidant targets levels in skeletal muscles. Collectively, the present study demonstrated that treatment with either slow or rapid H2S releasing donors protected mice against immobilization-induced muscle fibrosis and atrophy. The beneficial effects of H2S on immobilization-induced skeletal muscle atrophy might be due to both the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties of H2S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Xu
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoguang Liu
- Guangzhou Sport University Sports and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Bao
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Jie Wang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianqiang Lu
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Jianqiang Lu, ; Yu Jian Liu,
| | - Yu Jian Liu
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Jianqiang Lu, ; Yu Jian Liu,
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Mayer WP, Baptista JDS, De Oliveira F, Mori M, Liberti EA. Consequences of ankle joint immobilisation: insights from a morphometric analysis about fibre typification, intramuscular connective tissue, and muscle spindle in rats. Histochem Cell Biol 2021; 156:583-594. [PMID: 34476549 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-021-02027-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Orthosis immobilisations are routinely used in orthopaedic procedures. This intervention is applicable in bone fractures, ligament injuries, and tendonitis, among other disorders of the musculoskeletal system. We aimed to evaluate the effects of ankle joint functional immobilisation on muscle fibre morphology, connective tissue, muscle spindle and fibre typification triggered by a novel metallic orthosis. We developed a rodent-proof experimental orthosis able to hold the tibiotalar joint in a functional position for short and long terms. The tibialis anterior muscles of free and immobilised legs were collected and stained by histology and histochemistry techniques to investigate general muscle morphology, connective tissue and muscle fibre typification. Morphometric analysis of muscle cross-section area, fibre type cross-section area, fibre type density, percentage of intramuscular connective tissue, and thickness of the muscle spindle capsule were obtained to gain insights into the experimental protocol. We found that short- and long-term immobilisation decreased the cross-section area of the muscles and induced centralisation of myonuclei. The connective tissue of immobilised muscle increased after 2 and 4 weeks mainly by deposition of type III and type I collagen fibres in the perimysium and endomysium, respectively, in addition to muscle spindle capsule thickening. Type IIB muscle fibre was severely affected in our study; the profile assumed odd shapes, and our data suggest interconversion of these fibre types within long-term immobilisation. In conclusion, our protocol has produced structural and histochemical changes in muscle biology. This method might be applied to various rodent models that enable genetic manipulation for the investigation of muscle degeneration/regeneration processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- William P Mayer
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, Dalhousie University, Saint John, NB, Canada.
| | | | - Flavia De Oliveira
- Department of Biosciences, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Matsuyoshi Mori
- Department of Prothesis, School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Edson A Liberti
- Department of Anatomy, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Ruby L, Sanabria SJ, Martini K, Frauenfelder T, Jukema GN, Goksel O, Rominger MB. Quantification of immobilization-induced changes in human calf muscle using speed-of-sound ultrasound: An observational pilot study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e23576. [PMID: 33725923 PMCID: PMC7982197 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000023576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Short-term immobilization leads to fatty muscular degeneration, which is associated with various negative health effects. Based on literature showing very high correlations between MRI Dixon fat fraction and Speed-of-Sound (SoS), we hypothesized that we can detect short-term-immobilization-induced differences in SoS.Both calves of 10 patients with a calf cast on one side for a mean duration of 41 ± 26 days were examined in relaxed position using a standard ultrasound machine. Calf perimeters were measured for both sides. A flat Plexiglas-reflector, placed vertically on the opposite side of the probe with the calf in-between, was used as a timing reference for SoS. SoS was both manually annotated by two readers and assessed by an automatic annotation algorithm. The thickness values of the subcutaneous fat and muscle layers were manually read from the B-mode images. Differences between the cast and non-cast calves were calculated with a paired t test. Correlation analysis of SoS and calf perimeter was performed using Pearson's correlation coefficient.Paired t test showed significant differences between the cast and non-cast side for both SoS (P < .01) and leg perimeter (P < .001). SoS was reduced with the number of days after cast installment (r = -0.553, P = .097). No significant differences were found for muscle layer thickness, subcutaneous fat layer thickness, mean fat echo intensity, or mean muscle echo intensity.Short-term-immobilization led to a significant reduction in SoS in the cast calf compared to the healthy calf, indicating a potential role of SoS as a biomarker in detecting immobilization-induced fatty muscular degeneration not visible on B-mode ultrasound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Ruby
- Zurich Ultrasound Research and Translation (ZURT), Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sergio J. Sanabria
- Zurich Ultrasound Research and Translation (ZURT), Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Deusto Institute of Technology, University of Deusto / IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Katharina Martini
- Zurich Ultrasound Research and Translation (ZURT), Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Frauenfelder
- Zurich Ultrasound Research and Translation (ZURT), Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Gerrolt Nico Jukema
- Deusto Institute of Technology, University of Deusto / IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
- Department of Trauma, University Hospital Zurich
| | - Orcun Goksel
- Computer-assisted Applications in Medicine (CAiM), ETH Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Marga B. Rominger
- Zurich Ultrasound Research and Translation (ZURT), Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
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Wong SK, Ima-Nirwana S, Chin KY. Effects of astaxanthin on the protection of muscle health (Review). Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:2941-2952. [PMID: 32855659 PMCID: PMC7444411 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia refers to the involuntary and generalized deterioration of skeletal muscle mass and strength, which may lead to falls, frailty, physical disability, loss of independence, morbidity and mortality. The majority of molecular and cellular changes involved in the degeneration of muscle tissues are mediated by oxidative stress. Therefore, astaxanthin may act as a potential adjunct therapy for sarcopenia owing to its antioxidant activity. The present review examines the effects of astaxanthin on the promotion of skeletal muscle performance and prevention of muscle atrophy and the potential mechanisms underlying these effects. The available evidence till date was retrieved from PubMed and Medline electronic databases. The present review reported the beneficial effects of astaxanthin in preventing muscle degeneration in various animal models of sarcopenia. In humans, the effects of astaxanthin in combination with other antioxidants on muscle health are mixed, wherein positive and negligible effects were reported. Mechanistic studies revealed that astaxanthin promotes muscle health by reducing oxidative stress, myoblast apoptosis and proteolytic pathways while promoting mitochondria regeneration and formation of blood vessels. Thus, astaxanthin is a potential therapeutic agent for sarcopenia but its effects in humans require further validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sok Kuan Wong
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Ya'acob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Soelaiman Ima-Nirwana
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Ya'acob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kok-Yong Chin
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Ya'acob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Cistanche tubulosa (Schenk) Wight Extract Enhances Hindlimb Performance and Attenuates Myosin Heavy Chain IId/IIx Expression in Cast-Immobilized Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:9283171. [PMID: 31885674 PMCID: PMC6925718 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9283171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle atrophy is encountered in many clinical conditions, but a pharmacological treatment has not yet been established. Cistanche tubulosa (Schenk) Wight is an herbal medicine used in traditional Japanese and Chinese medicine. In the current study, we investigated the effect of C. tubulosa extract (CTE) on atrophied muscle in vivo. We also investigated hindlimb cast immobilization in mice and devised a novel type of hindlimb-immobilizing cast, consisting of sponge-like tape and a thin plastic tube. Using this method, 3 out of 4 groups of mice (n = 11 for each group) were cast-immobilized in the hindlimbs and administered CTE or vehicle for 13 days. A sham procedure was performed in the mice of the fourth group to which the vehicle was administered. Next, the triceps surae muscles (TS) were excised. To analyze the effect of the novel cast system and CTE administration on muscle atrophy, we evaluated TS wet weight and myofiber cross-sectional area (CSA). We also determined MyHC IId/IIx expression levels by western blotting, since their increase is a hallmark of disuse muscle atrophy, suggesting slow-to-fast myofiber type shift. Moreover, we performed two tests of hindlimb performance. The novel cast immobilization method significantly reduced TS wet weight and myofiber CSA. This was accompanied by deterioration of hindlimb function and an increase in MyHC IId/IIx expression. CTE administration did not alter TS wet weight or myofiber CSA; however, it showed a trend of amelioration of the loss of hindlimb function and of suppression of the increased MyHC IId/IIx expression in cast-immobilized mice. Our novel hindlimb cast immobilization method effectively induced muscle atrophy. CTE did not affect muscle mass, but suppressed the shift from slow to fast myofiber type in cast-immobilized mice, ameliorating hindlimb function deterioration.
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Tomiga Y, Ito A, Sudo M, Ando S, Eshima H, Sakai K, Nakashima S, Uehara Y, Tanaka H, Soejima H, Higaki Y. One week, but not 12 hours, of cast immobilization alters promotor DNA methylation patterns in the nNOS gene in mouse skeletal muscle. J Physiol 2019; 597:5145-5159. [PMID: 31490543 DOI: 10.1113/jp277019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS DNA methylation may play an important role in regulating gene expression in skeletal muscle to adapt to physical activity and inactivity. Neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) in skeletal muscle is a key regulator of skeletal muscle mass; however, it is unclear whether nNOS expression is regulated by DNA methylation. We found that 1 week of cast immobilization increased nNOS DNA methylation levels and downregulated nNOS gene expression in atrophic slow-twitch soleus muscle from the mouse leg. These changes were not detected in non-atrophic fast-twitch extensor digitorum longus muscle. Twelve hours of cast immobilization decreased nNOS gene expression, whereas nNOS DNA methylation levels were unchanged, suggesting that downregulation of nNOS gene expression by short-term muscle inactivity is independent of the DNA methylation pattern. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the maintenance of skeletal muscle mass and prevention of muscle atrophy by epigenetic mechanisms via the nNOS/NO pathway. ABSTRACT DNA methylation is a mechanism that controls gene expression in skeletal muscle under various environmental stimuli, such as physical activity and inactivity. Neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) regulates muscle atrophy in skeletal muscle. However, the mechanisms regulating nNOS expression in atrophic muscle remain unclear. We hypothesized that nNOS expression in atrophic muscle is regulated by DNA methylation of the nNOS promotor in soleus (Sol; slow-twitch fibre dominant) and extensor digitorum longus (EDL; fast-twitch fibre dominant) muscles. One week of cast immobilization induced significant muscle atrophy in Sol but not in EDL. We showed that 1 week of cast immobilization increased nNOS DNA methylation levels in Sol, although only a minor change was detected in EDL. Consistent with the increased DNA methylation levels in atrophic Sol, the gene expression levels of total nNOS and nNOSµ (i.e. the major splicing variant of nNOS in skeletal muscle) decreased. The abundance of the nNOS protein and cell membrane (especially type IIa fibre) immunoreactivity also decreased in atrophic Sol. These changes were not observed in EDL after 1 week of cast immobilization. Furthermore, despite the lack of significant atrophy, 12 h of cast immobilization decreased gene expression levels of total nNOS and nNOSµ in Sol. However, no association was detected between nNOS DNA methylation and gene expression. The expression of the nNOSβ gene, another splicing variant of nNOS, in EDL was unchanged by cast immobilization, whereas its expression was not detected in Sol. We concluded that chronic adaptation of nNOS gene expression in cast immobilized muscle may involve nNOS DNA methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Tomiga
- Graduate School of Sports and Health Science, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan.,The Fukuoka University Institute for Physical Activity, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ai Ito
- Graduate School of Sports and Health Science, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Mizuki Sudo
- Physical Fitness Research Institute Meiji Yasuda Life Foundation of Health and Welfare, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Soichi Ando
- Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Eshima
- Graduate School of Sports and Health Science, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Diabetes and Metabolism Research Centre, Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Kazuya Sakai
- Graduate School of Sports and Health Science, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shihoko Nakashima
- The Fukuoka University Institute for Physical Activity, Fukuoka, Japan.,Faculty of Sports and Health Science, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshinari Uehara
- The Fukuoka University Institute for Physical Activity, Fukuoka, Japan.,Faculty of Sports and Health Science, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Tanaka
- The Fukuoka University Institute for Physical Activity, Fukuoka, Japan.,Faculty of Sports and Health Science, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hidenobu Soejima
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Epigenetics, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Yasuki Higaki
- The Fukuoka University Institute for Physical Activity, Fukuoka, Japan.,Faculty of Sports and Health Science, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Suh HR, Park EH, Moon SW, Kim JW, Cho HY, Han HC. Apoptotic changes in a full-lengthened immobilization model of rat soleus muscle. Muscle Nerve 2018; 59:263-269. [PMID: 30338859 DOI: 10.1002/mus.26359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lengthened immobilization may prevent muscle shortening, and help maintain normal muscle length. However, its apoptotic effects remain unclear. We evaluated the effects of long-term immobilization on apoptotic proteins. METHODS Rat soleus muscles were immobilized by casting in a neutral (NEUT) or lengthened (LENG) position for 21 days. We evaluated dynamic weight load and muscle atrophy following the 21-day period using hematoxylin and eosin staining. We measured Bax (pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family member), MyoD (myogenic differentiation factor D), MYH (myosin heavy chain), and cleaved poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase levels and examined apoptotic nucleus expression. RESULTS Decreased dynamic weight load and muscle atrophy changes were observed in LENG. Both NEUT and LENG showed significantly reduced levels of MYH. LENG showed a significant increase in Bax and MyoD expression as well as in the number of apoptotic nuclei. CONCLUSIONS Long-term lengthened immobilization may increase apoptotic changes and decrease muscle formation proteins in muscle. Muscle Nerve 59:263-269, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Rim Suh
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Neuroscience Research Institute, Korea University, Seoul, 136-705, South Korea
| | - Eui Ho Park
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Neuroscience Research Institute, Korea University, Seoul, 136-705, South Korea
| | - Sun Wook Moon
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Neuroscience Research Institute, Korea University, Seoul, 136-705, South Korea
| | - Ji Won Kim
- Department of Physical Therapy, Baekseok University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwi Young Cho
- Department of Physical Therapy, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Chul Han
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Neuroscience Research Institute, Korea University, Seoul, 136-705, South Korea
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11
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Receno CN, Roffo KE, Mickey MC, DeRuisseau KC, DeRuisseau LR. Quiet breathing in hindlimb casted mice. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2018; 258:82-85. [PMID: 29886246 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The hindlimb casting model was developed to study skeletal muscle reloading following a period of unloading. It is unknown if ventilation parameters of mice are affected by the casting model. We tested the hypothesis that hindlimb casted mice have similar ventilatory patterns compared to mice with the casts removed. Male CD-1 mice underwent 14 days of hindlimb immobilization via plaster casting. Breathing parameters were obtained utilizing unrestrained barometric plethysmography (UBP). Breathing traces were analyzed with Ponemah software for breathing frequency, tidal volume (TV), and minute ventilation (MV). Frequency, TV and MV did not show any differences in quiet breathing patterns during or post-casting in mice. Thus, the hindlimb casting model does not complicate breathing during and after casting and should not interfere with the unloading and reloading of skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candace N Receno
- Department of Biological Sciences, Le Moyne College, Syracuse, NY, 1419 Salt Springs Road, 13214, USA.
| | - Katelynn E Roffo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Le Moyne College, Syracuse, NY, 1419 Salt Springs Road, 13214, USA.
| | - Marisa C Mickey
- Department of Exercise Science, Syracuse University, 201 Women's Building, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA.
| | - Keith C DeRuisseau
- Department of Exercise Science, Syracuse University, 201 Women's Building, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA.
| | - Lara R DeRuisseau
- Department of Biological Sciences, Le Moyne College, Syracuse, NY, 1419 Salt Springs Road, 13214, USA.
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12
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Jung HJ, Lee KP, Milholland B, Shin YJ, Kang JS, Kwon KS, Suh Y. Comprehensive miRNA Profiling of Skeletal Muscle and Serum in Induced and Normal Mouse Muscle Atrophy During Aging. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2017; 72:1483-1491. [PMID: 28329037 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glx025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-associated loss of muscle mass and function is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the elderly adults. Muscular atrophy can also be induced by disuse associated with long-term bed rest or disease. Although miRNAs regulate muscle growth, regeneration, and aging, their potential role in acute muscle atrophy is poorly understood. Furthermore, alterations in circulating miRNA levels have been shown to occur during aging but their potential as noninvasive biomarkers for muscle atrophy remains largely unexplored. Here, we report comprehensive miRNA expression profiles by miRNA-seq analysis in tibialis anterior muscle and serum of a disuse-induced atrophy mouse model, mimicking the acute atrophy following long-term bed rest, as compared to those of young and old mice. Comparative analysis and validation studies have revealed that miR-455-3p was significantly decreased in muscle of both induced-atrophy model and old mice, whereas miR-434-3p was decreased in both serum and muscle of old mice, as compared to young mice. Furthermore, upregulation of miR-455-3p in fully differentiated C2C12 myoblasts induced a hypertrophic phenotype. These results suggest that deregulation of miR-455-3p may play a functional role in muscle atrophy and miR-434-3p could be a candidate serum biomarker of muscle aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwa Jin Jung
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Kwang-Pyo Lee
- Aging Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Daejeon.,Department of Biomolecular Science
| | - Brandon Milholland
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Yeo Jin Shin
- Aging Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Daejeon.,Department of Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon
| | - Jae Sook Kang
- Aging Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Daejeon.,Department of Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon
| | - Ki-Sun Kwon
- Aging Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Daejeon.,Department of Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon
| | - Yousin Suh
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
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13
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Aihara M, Hirose N, Katsuta W, Saito F, Maruyama H, Hagiwara H. A new model of skeletal muscle atrophy induced by immobilization using a hook-and-loop fastener in mice. J Phys Ther Sci 2017; 29:1779-1783. [PMID: 29184288 PMCID: PMC5684009 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.29.1779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] To study muscle atrophy, the muscle atrophy model mice have been used
frequently. In particular, cast immobilization is the most common method to induce muscle
atrophy. However, it is time consuming and often causes adverse events including skin
injury, edema, and necrosis. The present study, we developed a hook-and-loop fastener
(Velcro) immobilization method as a new, simple, and less invasive approach to induce
muscle atrophy. [Subjects and Methods] Mice were bandaged in the knee joint extension and
ankle plantar extension position. Muscle atrophy was induced by either winding a cast or
Velcro around the limb. [Results] According to weight and fiber size, Velcro
immobilization induced equivalent muscle atrophy to cast immobilization. Velcro
immobilization reduced significantly the time for the procedure and the frequency of
adverse events. [Conclusion] Velcro immobilization can induce muscle atrophy comparable to
cast immobilization, but in a shorter time and with less complications. Velcro
immobilization may contribute to the study of disuse muscle atrophy in clinical practice
of physical therapy using a mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Aihara
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Teikyo University of Science: 2525 Yatsuzawa, Uenohara, Yamanashi 409-0193, Japan.,Division of Physical Therapy, Department of Health Science, International University of Health and Welfare Graduate School, Japan
| | - Noboru Hirose
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Teikyo University of Science: 2525 Yatsuzawa, Uenohara, Yamanashi 409-0193, Japan.,Department of Neurology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Wakana Katsuta
- Division of Biosciences, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Teikyo University of Science, Japan.,Department of Rehabilitation, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Saito
- Department of Neurology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Maruyama
- Division of Physical Therapy, Department of Health Science, International University of Health and Welfare Graduate School, Japan
| | - Hiroki Hagiwara
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Teikyo University of Science: 2525 Yatsuzawa, Uenohara, Yamanashi 409-0193, Japan.,Department of Neurology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Japan.,Division of Biosciences, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Teikyo University of Science, Japan
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14
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Aguiar AF, Vechetti-Júnior IJ, Souza RW, Piedade WP, Pacagnelli FL, Leopoldo AS, Casonatto J, Dal-Pai-Silva M. Nitric oxide synthase inhibition impairs muscle regrowth following immobilization. Nitric Oxide 2017; 69:22-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2017.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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15
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Yang J, Min S, Xie F, Chen J, Hao X, Ren L. Electroacupuncture alleviates neuromuscular dysfunction in an experimental rat model of immobilization. Oncotarget 2017; 8:85537-85548. [PMID: 29156739 PMCID: PMC5689629 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Immobilization-related skeletal muscle atrophy is a major concern to patients in Intensive Care Units and it has a profound effect on the quality of life. However, the underlying molecular events for the therapeutic effect of electroacupuncture to treat muscle atrophy have not been fully elucidated. Here we developed an immobilization mouse model and tested the hypothesis that skeletal muscle weakness may be caused by the increased expression of γ and α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) on muscle cell membranes, while electroacupuncture could decrease the expression of γ and α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Compared with the rats in control, those treated with immobilization for 14 days showed a significant reduction of tibialis anterior muscle weight, muscle atrophy and dysfunction, which was associated with a significant decrease expression of neuregulin-1 and increased expression of γ- and α7-nAChR in tibialis anterior muscle. Electroacupuncture significantly enhanced the expression of neuregulin-1 and alleviated the muscle loss, while diminished the expression of γ- and α7-nAChR. Taken together, the beneficial effect of electroacupuncture may be attributed to suppressing γ- and α7-nAChR production, enhancing neuromuscular function and neuregulin-1 protein synthesis. These results suggest that electroacupuncture is a potential therapy for preventing muscle atrophy during immobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Su Min
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Fei Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jingyuan Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xuechao Hao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Li Ren
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
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16
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Marmonti E, Busquets S, Toledo M, Ricci M, Beltrà M, Gudiño V, Oliva F, López-Pedrosa JM, Manzano M, Rueda R, López-Soriano FJ, Argilés JM. A Rat Immobilization Model Based on Cage Volume Reduction: A Physiological Model for Bed Rest? Front Physiol 2017; 8:184. [PMID: 28424626 PMCID: PMC5372807 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bed rest has been an established treatment in the past prescribed for critically illness or convalescing patients, in order to preserve their body metabolic resource, to prevent serious complications and to support their rapid path to recovery. However, it has been reported that prolonged bed rest can have detrimental consequences that may delay or prevent the recovery from clinical illness. In order to study disuse-induced changes in muscle and bone, as observed during prolonged bed rest in humans, an innovative new model of muscle disuse for rodents is presented. Basically, the animals are confined to a reduced space designed to restrict their locomotion movements and allow them to drink and eat easily, without generating physical stress. The animals were immobilized for either 7, 14, or 28 days. The immobilization procedure induced a significant decrease of food intake, both at 14 and 28 days of immobilization. The reduced food intake was not a consequence of a stress condition induced by the model since plasma corticosterone levels –an indicator of a stress response– were not altered following the immobilization period. The animals showed a significant decrease in soleus muscle mass, grip force and cross-sectional area (a measure of fiber size), together with a decrease in bone mineral density. The present model may potentially serve to investigate the effects of bed-rest in pathological states characterized by a catabolic condition, such as diabetes or cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrica Marmonti
- Cancer Research Group, Facultat de Biologia, Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain
| | - Sílvia Busquets
- Cancer Research Group, Facultat de Biologia, Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain.,Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain
| | - Míriam Toledo
- Cancer Research Group, Facultat de Biologia, Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain
| | - Marina Ricci
- Cancer Research Group, Facultat de Biologia, Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Beltrà
- Cancer Research Group, Facultat de Biologia, Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain
| | - Victòria Gudiño
- Cancer Research Group, Facultat de Biologia, Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Oliva
- Facultat de Biologia, Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Francisco J López-Soriano
- Cancer Research Group, Facultat de Biologia, Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain.,Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain
| | - Josep M Argilés
- Cancer Research Group, Facultat de Biologia, Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain.,Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain
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17
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Chrzanowski SM, Batra A, Lee-McMullen B, Vohra RS, Forbes SC, Jiang H, Vandenborne K, Walter GA. Near-Infrared Optical Imaging Noninvasively Detects Acutely Damaged Muscle. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2016; 186:2692-700. [PMID: 27565039 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2016.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 05/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Muscle damage is currently assessed through methods such as muscle biopsy, serum biomarkers, functional testing, and imaging procedures, each with its own inherent limitations, and a pressing need for a safe, repeatable, inexpensive, and noninvasive modality to assess the state of muscle health remains. Our aim was to develop and assess near-infrared (NIR) optical imaging as a novel noninvasive method of detecting and quantifying muscle damage. An immobilization-reambulation model was used for inducing muscle damage and recovery in the lower hindlimbs in mice. Confirmation of muscle damage was obtained using in vivo indocyanine green-enhanced NIR optical imaging, magnetic resonance imaging, and ex vivo tissue analysis. The soleus of the immobilized-reambulated hindlimb was found to have a greater amount of muscle damage compared to that in the contralateral nonimmobilized limb, confirmed by in vivo indocyanine green-enhanced NIR optical imaging (3.86-fold increase in radiant efficiency), magnetic resonance imaging (1.41-fold increase in T2), and an ex vivo spectrophotometric assay of indocyanine green uptake (1.87-fold increase in normalized absorbance). Contrast-enhanced NIR optical imaging provides a sensitive, rapid, and noninvasive screening method that can be used for imaging and quantifying muscle damage and recovery in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M Chrzanowski
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Abhinandan Batra
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | | | - Ravneet S Vohra
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Sean C Forbes
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Huabei Jiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Krista Vandenborne
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Glenn A Walter
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.
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18
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Dönmez G, Doral MN, Suljevic Ş, Sargon MF, Bilgili H, Demirel HA. Effects of immobilization and whole-body vibration on rat serum Type I collagen turnover. ACTA ORTHOPAEDICA ET TRAUMATOLOGICA TURCICA 2016; 50:452-7. [PMID: 27480210 PMCID: PMC6197172 DOI: 10.1016/j.aott.2016.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Revised: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of short-term, high-magnitude whole-body vibration (WBV) on serum type I collagen turnover in immobilized rats. Materials and Methods Thirty Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into the following 5 groups: immobilization (IS), immobilization + remobilization (IR), immobilization + WBV (IV), control (C), and WBV control (CV). Immobilization was achieved by casting from the crista iliaca anterior superior to the lower part of the foot for 2 weeks. The applied WBV protocol involved a frequency of 45 Hz and amplitude of 3 mm for 7 days starting a day after the end of the immobilization period. Serum type I collagen turnover markers were measured by using ELISA kits. Results Serum NH2-terminal propeptide of type I collagen (PINP) levels were significantly lower in the immobilization groups (p < 0.02) compared with the control groups. Although WBV improved PINP levels in the control groups, there were no differences in PINP levels among the immobilization groups. Similarly, serum COOH-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX) levels were higher in the WBV controls than their own controls (p < 0,05). Immobilization led to deterioration of tendon tissue, as observed by histopathological analysis with a transmission electron microscope. Conclusion Although 1 week of WBV had a positive effect on type I collagen turnover in controls, it is not an efficient method for repairing tissue damage in the early stage following immobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gürhan Dönmez
- Hacettepe University, Dept. of Sports Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Mahmut Nedim Doral
- Hacettepe University, Dept. of Sports Medicine, Ankara, Turkey; Hacettepe University, Dept. of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Şenay Suljevic
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Hasan Bilgili
- Ankara University, Dept. of Surgery Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Haydar Ali Demirel
- Hacettepe University, Dept. of Sports Medicine, Ankara, Turkey; Hacettepe University, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
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19
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Onda A, Kono H, Jiao Q, Akimoto T, Miyamoto T, Sawada Y, Suzuki K, Kusakari Y, Minamisawa S, Fukubayashi T. New mouse model of skeletal muscle atrophy using spiral wire immobilization. Muscle Nerve 2016; 54:788-91. [PMID: 27227343 DOI: 10.1002/mus.25202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Disuse-induced skeletal muscle atrophy is a serious concern; however, there is not an effective mouse model to elucidate the molecular mechanisms. We developed a noninvasive atrophy model in mice. METHODS After the ankle joints of mice were bandaged into a bilateral plantar flexed position, either bilateral or unilateral hindlimbs were immobilized by wrapping in bonsai steel wire. RESULTS After 3, 5, or 10 days of immobilization of the hip, knee, and ankle, the weight of the soleus and plantaris muscles decreased significantly in both bilateral and unilateral immobilization. MAFbx/atrogin-1 and MuRF1 mRNA was found to have significantly increased in both muscles, consistent with disuse-induced atrophy. Notably, the procedure did not result in either edema or necrosis in the fixed hindlimbs. CONCLUSIONS This method allows repeated, direct access to the immobilized muscle, making it a useful procedure for concurrent application and assessment of various therapeutic interventions. Muscle Nerve 54: 788-791, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Onda
- Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8605, Japan
| | - Hajime Kono
- Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8605, Japan.
| | - Qibin Jiao
- Department of Cardiology, Hangzhou Cardiovascular Disease Institute, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Takayuki Akimoto
- Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Miyamoto
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Sawada
- Department of Rehabilitation for the Movement Functions, Research Institute, National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities, Saitama, Japan
| | | | - Yoichiro Kusakari
- Department of Cell Physiology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Susumu Minamisawa
- Department of Cell Physiology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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20
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Adami R, Bottai D. Movement impairment: Focus on the brain. J Neurosci Res 2016; 94:310-7. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Adami
- Department of Health Science; Faculty of Medicine, University of Milan; Milan Italy
| | - Daniele Bottai
- Department of Health Science; Faculty of Medicine, University of Milan; Milan Italy
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21
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Gianelo MCS, Polizzelo JC, Chesca D, Mattiello-Sverzut AC. Three days of intermittent stretching after muscle disuse alters the proteins involved in force transmission in muscle fibers in weanling rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 49:e4118. [PMID: 26648091 PMCID: PMC4712484 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20154118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effects of intermittent passive manual stretching on various proteins involved in force transmission in skeletal muscle. Female Wistar weanling rats were randomly assigned to 5 groups: 2 control groups containing 21- and 30-day-old rats that received neither immobilization nor stretching, and 3 test groups that received 1) passive stretching over 3 days, 2) immobilization for 7 days and then passive stretching over 3 days, or 3) immobilization for 7 days. Maximal plantar flexion in the right hind limb was imposed, and the stretching protocol of 10 repetitions of 30 s stretches was applied. The soleus muscles were harvested and processed for HE and picrosirius staining; immunohistochemical analysis of collagen types I, III, IV, desmin, and vimentin; and immunofluorescence labeling of dystrophin and CD68. The numbers of desmin- and vimentin-positive cells were significantly decreased compared with those in the control following immobilization, regardless of whether stretching was applied (P<0.05). In addition, the semi-quantitative analysis showed that collagen type I was increased and type IV was decreased in the immobilized animals, regardless of whether the stretching protocol was applied. In conclusion, the largest changes in response to stretching were observed in muscles that had been previously immobilized, and the stretching protocol applied here did not mitigate the immobilization-induced muscle changes. Muscle disuse adversely affected several proteins involved in the transmission of forces between the intracellular and extracellular compartments. Thus, the 3-day rehabilitation period tested here did not provide sufficient time for the muscles to recover from the disuse maladaptations in animals undergoing postnatal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C S Gianelo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Reabilitação e Desempenho Funcional, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - J C Polizzelo
- Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - D Chesca
- Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - A C Mattiello-Sverzut
- Departamento de Biomecânica, Medicina e Reabilitação do Aparelho Locomotor, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
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22
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Vohra RS, Mathur S, Bryant ND, Forbes SC, Vandenborne K, Walter GA. Age-related T2 changes in hindlimb muscles of mdx mice. Muscle Nerve 2015; 53:84-90. [PMID: 25846867 DOI: 10.1002/mus.24675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to monitor changes in the transverse relaxation time constant (T2) in lower hindlimb muscles of mdx mice at different ages. METHODS Young (5 weeks), adult (44 weeks), and old mdx (96 weeks), and age-matched control mice were studied. Young mdx mice were imaged longitudinally, whereas adult and old mdx mice were imaged at a single time-point. RESULTS Mean muscle T2 and percent of pixels with elevated T2 were significantly different between mdx and control mice at all ages. In young mdx mice, mean muscle T2 peaked at 7-8 weeks and declined at 9-11 weeks. In old mdx mice, mean muscle T2 was decreased compared with young and adult mice, which could be attributed to fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS MRI captured longitudinal changes in skeletal muscle integrity of mdx mice. This information will be valuable for pre-clinical testing of potential therapeutic interventions for muscular dystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravneet S Vohra
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Sunita Mathur
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nathan D Bryant
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Box 100274, Gainesville, Florida, 32610-0274, USA
| | - Sean C Forbes
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Krista Vandenborne
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Glenn A Walter
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Box 100274, Gainesville, Florida, 32610-0274, USA
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23
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Vechetti-Junior IJ, Bertaglia RS, Fernandez GJ, de Paula TG, de Souza RWA, Moraes LN, Mareco EA, de Freitas CEA, Aguiar AF, Carvalho RF, Dal-Pai-Silva M. Aerobic Exercise Recovers Disuse-induced Atrophy Through the Stimulus of the LRP130/PGC-1α Complex in Aged Rats. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2015; 71:601-9. [PMID: 25991827 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glv064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical training has been shown to be important to the control of muscle mass during aging, through the activation of several pathways including, IGF1-AKT and PGC-1α. Also, it was demonstrated that LRP130, a component of the PGC-1α complex, is important for the PGC-1α-dependent transcription of several mitochondrial genes in vivo. To explore the role of physical training during aging, we investigated the effects on muscle recovery after short-term immobilization followed by 3 or 7 days with aerobic or resistance training. Using morphological (myofibrillar adenosine triphosphatase activity, to assess the total muscle fiber cross-sectional area (CSA) and the frequency of specific fiber types), biochemical (myosin heavy chain), and molecular analyses (quantitative real-time PCR, functional pathways analyses, and Western blot), our results indicated that after an atrophic stimulus, only animals subjected to aerobic training showed entire recovery of cross-sectional area; aerobic training reduced the ubiquitin-proteasome system components involved in muscle atrophy after 3 days of recovery, and the upregulation in PGC-1α expression enhanced the process of muscle recovery by inhibiting the FoxO pathway, with the possible involvement of LRP130. These results suggest that aerobic training enhanced the muscle regeneration process after disuse-induced atrophy in aged rats possibly through of the LRP130/PGC-1α complex by inhibiting the ubiquitin-proteasome system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan J Vechetti-Junior
- Department of Morphology, São Paulo State University, Institute of Biosciences, Botucatu, Brazil.
| | - Raquel S Bertaglia
- Department of Morphology, São Paulo State University, Institute of Biosciences, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Geysson J Fernandez
- Department of Morphology, São Paulo State University, Institute of Biosciences, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Tassiana G de Paula
- Department of Morphology, São Paulo State University, Institute of Biosciences, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo W A de Souza
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of São Paulo, Institute of Biosciences, Brazil
| | - Leonardo N Moraes
- Department of Morphology, São Paulo State University, Institute of Biosciences, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Edson A Mareco
- Department of Morphology, São Paulo State University, Institute of Biosciences, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Carlos E A de Freitas
- Department of Morphology, São Paulo State University, Institute of Biosciences, Botucatu, Brazil. Department of Physiotherapy, University of Oeste Paulista, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andreo F Aguiar
- Center of Biological and Health Sciences, North University of Paraná, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Robson F Carvalho
- Department of Morphology, São Paulo State University, Institute of Biosciences, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Maeli Dal-Pai-Silva
- Department of Morphology, São Paulo State University, Institute of Biosciences, Botucatu, Brazil
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Ham DJ, Kennedy TL, Caldow MK, Chee A, Lynch GS, Koopman R. Citrulline does not prevent skeletal muscle wasting or weakness in limb-casted mice. J Nutr 2015; 145:900-6. [PMID: 25740910 DOI: 10.3945/jn.114.203737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing arginine (Arg) availability reduces atrophy in cultured skeletal muscle cells. Supplementation with its metabolic precursor citrulline (Cit) is more effective at improving skeletal muscle Arg concentrations. OBJECTIVE We tested the hypothesis that Cit supplementation would attenuate skeletal muscle atrophy and loss of function during hindlimb immobilization in mice. METHODS Male C57BL/6JArc mice underwent 14 d of unilateral hindlimb immobilization/plaster casting and were supplemented with ~0.81 g Cit · kg⁻¹ · d⁻¹ (CIT group) or Ala (ALA group) mixed into their food. The uncasted contralateral limb (internal control) and an uncasted group (CON) served as controls. Muscle atrophy was evaluated with mass, fiber area, and in situ muscle function. RESULTS Tibialis anterior (TA) muscle mass [ALA: 37.6 ± 0.92 mg; CIT: 38.3 ± 1.25 mg] and peak tetanic force (ALA: 1150 ± 38.5 mN; CIT: 1150 ± 52.0 mN) were lower (P < 0.001) in the ALA (53.9 ± 0.42 mg) and CIT (1760 ± 28.5 mN) groups than in the CON group. No difference was found between ALA and CIT groups for TA mass, fiber area, or peak force. The mRNA expression of the nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible (Nos2; ~15-fold) and B-cell chronic lymphoid leukemia/lymphoma 2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa interacting protein 3 (Bnip3; ~17-fold) genes and the ratio of microtubule-associated protein light chain 3BII to 3BI (LC3BII:LC3BI) (50.5% ± 17.7%) were higher (P < 0.05) in the ALA group than in the CON group, suggesting increased autophagy. In the CIT group, Bnip3 mRNA was lower (-70%; P < 0.05) and Nos2 mRNA tended to be lower (-45%; P = 0.05) than in the ALA group, whereas LC3BII:LC3BI was not different from the CON group. CONCLUSIONS Cit treatment of male mice did not affect therapeutically relevant outcome measures such as skeletal muscle mass and peak muscle force after 14 d of hindlimb immobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Ham
- Basic and Clinical Myology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Tahnee L Kennedy
- Basic and Clinical Myology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Marissa K Caldow
- Basic and Clinical Myology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Annabel Chee
- Basic and Clinical Myology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Gordon S Lynch
- Basic and Clinical Myology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - René Koopman
- Basic and Clinical Myology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
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Blanqué R, Lepescheux L, Auberval M, Minet D, Merciris D, Cottereaux C, Clément-Lacroix P, Delerive P, Namour F. Characterization of GLPG0492, a selective androgen receptor modulator, in a mouse model of hindlimb immobilization. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2014; 15:291. [PMID: 25185887 PMCID: PMC4167280 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2474-15-291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Muscle wasting is a hallmark of many chronic conditions but also of aging and results in a progressive functional decline leading ultimately to disability. Androgens, such as testosterone were proposed as therapy to counteract muscle atrophy. However, this treatment is associated with potential cardiovascular and prostate cancer risks and therefore not acceptable for long-term treatment. Selective Androgen receptor modulators (SARM) are androgen receptor ligands that induce muscle anabolism while having reduced effects in reproductive tissues. Therefore, they represent an alternative to testosterone therapy. Our objective was to demonstrate the activity of SARM molecule (GLPG0492) on a immobilization muscle atrophy mouse model as compared to testosterone propionate (TP) and to identify putative biomarkers in the plasma compartment that might be related to muscle function and potentially translated into the clinical space. Methods GLPG0492, a non-steroidal SARM, was evaluated and compared to TP in a mouse model of hindlimb immobilization. Results GLPG0492 treatment partially prevents immobilization-induced muscle atrophy with a trend to promote muscle fiber hypertrophy in a dose-dependent manner. Interestingly, GLPG0492 was found as efficacious as TP at reducing muscle loss while sparing reproductive tissues. Furthermore, gene expression studies performed on tibialis samples revealed that both GLPG0492 and TP were slowing down muscle loss by negatively interfering with major signaling pathways controlling muscle mass homeostasis. Finally, metabolomic profiling experiments using 1H-NMR led to the identification of a plasma GLPG0492 signature linked to the modulation of cellular bioenergetic processes. Conclusions Taken together, these results unveil the potential of GLPG0492, a non-steroidal SARM, as treatment for, at least, musculo-skeletal atrophy consecutive to coma, paralysis, or limb immobilization. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2474-15-291) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Moes JR, Holden JE. Characterizing activity and muscle atrophy changes in rats with neuropathic pain: a pilot study. Biol Res Nurs 2013; 16:16-22. [PMID: 24057222 DOI: 10.1177/1099800413502722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The study of neuropathic pain has focused on changes within the nervous system, but little research has described systemic changes that may accompany neuropathic pain. OBJECTIVE As part of a larger project characterizing the metabolic, activity, and musculoskeletal changes associated with neuropathic pain, the objective of the current study was to characterize changes in spontaneous activity and skeletal muscle mass using an established animal model of neuropathic pain, the chronic constriction injury (CCI) model. METHOD Male Sprague-Dawley rats were used in this pre- and posttest quasi-experimental study. The experimental group (n = 13) received CCI surgery, while age- and weight-matched rats received sham surgery (SHAM; n = 5). Thermal testing verified the presence of neuropathic pain. Spontaneous cage activity was measured gravimetrically prior to and following CCI (n = 4). Animals were euthanized and skeletal muscle was dissected and weighed to determine muscle atrophy. RESULTS Shorter foot withdrawal latency of the ipsilateral hind limb confirmed the presence of thermal hyperalgesia in CCI rats, a sign of neuropathic pain. Weight increased in both CCI and SHAM rats. Spontaneous activity decreased following CCI ligation. Muscles of the ipsilateral hind limb weighed significantly less than contralateral hind limb muscles in CCI rats 2 and 6 weeks after surgery. In addition, CCI rats had smaller ipsilateral hind limb muscles than SHAM rats. CONCLUSION Neuropathic pain contributes to skeletal muscle atrophy and decreases in activity in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse R Moes
- 1Department of Nursing, Calvin College, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
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Khan MAS, Sahani N, Neville KA, Nagashima M, Lee S, Sasakawa T, Kaneki M, Martyn JAJ. Nonsurgically induced disuse muscle atrophy and neuromuscular dysfunction upregulates alpha7 acetylcholine receptors. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2013; 92:1-8. [PMID: 24383867 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2013-0063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Previous models of muscle disuse have invariably used surgical methods that require the repetitive application of plaster casts. A method of disuse atrophy that does not require such repetitive applications is described herein. Modified plastic pipette tubing was applied to a single hindlimb (mouse), from thigh to foot, resulting in immobilization of the knee in the extension position, and the ankle in the plantar flexion position. This method resulted in the loss of soleus muscle to 11%, 22%, 39%, and 45% of its original mass at 3, 7, 14, and 21 days, respectively, in association with a significant decrease of tibialis twitch (25%) and tetanic tensions (26%) at 21 days, compared with the contralateral side and (or) sham-immobilized controls. Immunohistochemical analysis of the soleus using fluorescent α-bungarotoxin revealed a significant increase in the number of synapses per unit area (818 + 31 compared with 433 + 16/mm(2)) and an increase in muscle fibers per unit area (117 compared with 83/mm(2)), most likely related to the atrophy of muscle fibers bringing synapses closer. A 3-fold increase in alpha7 acetylcholine receptor (α7AChR) protein expression, along with increased expression of α1AChR subunit in the immobilized side compared with the contralateral side was observed. The physiology and pharmacology of the novel finding of upregulation of α7AChRs with disuse requires further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A S Khan
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children®, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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Yamaura H, Hirai H, Yanagihara D. Postural dysfunction in a transgenic mouse model of spinocerebellar ataxia type 3. Neuroscience 2013; 243:126-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2012] [Revised: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 03/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Ye F, Baligand C, Keener JE, Vohra R, Lim W, Ruhella A, Bose P, Daniels M, Walter GA, Thompson F, Vandenborne K. Hindlimb muscle morphology and function in a new atrophy model combining spinal cord injury and cast immobilization. J Neurotrauma 2013; 30:227-35. [PMID: 22985272 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2012.2504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Contusion spinal cord injury (SCI) animal models are used to study loss of muscle function and mass. However, parallels to the human condition typically have been confounded by spontaneous recovery observed within the first few post-injury weeks, partly because of free cage activity. We implemented a new rat model combining SCI with cast immobilization (IMM) to more closely reproduce the unloading conditions experienced by SCI patients. Magnetic resonance imaging was used to monitor hindlimb muscles' cross-sectional area (CSA) after SCI, IMM alone, SCI combined with IMM (SCI+IMM), and in controls (CTR) over a period of 21 days. Soleus muscle tetanic force was measured in situ on day 21, and hindlimb muscles were harvested for histology. IMM alone produced a decrease in triceps surae CSA to 63.9±4.9% of baseline values within 14 days. In SCI, CSA decreased to 75.0±10.5% after 7 days, and recovered to 77.9±10.7% by day 21. SCI+IMM showed the greatest amount of atrophy (56.9±9.9% on day 21). In all groups, muscle mass and soleus tetanic force decreased in parallel, such that specific force was maintained. Extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and soleus fiber size decreased in all groups, particularly in SCI+IMM. We observed a significant degree of asymmetry in muscle CSA in SCI but not IMM. This effect increased between day 7 and 21 in SCI, but also in SCI+IMM, suggesting a minor dependence on muscle activity. SCI+IMM offers a clinically relevant model of SCI to investigate the mechanistic basis for skeletal muscle adaptations after SCI and develop therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Ye
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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Choe MA, Koo BS, An GJ, Jeon S. Effects of Treadmill Exercise on the Recovery of Dopaminergic Neuron Loss and Muscle Atrophy in the 6-OHDA Lesioned Parkinson's Disease Rat Model. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2012; 16:305-12. [PMID: 23129977 PMCID: PMC3485379 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2012.16.5.305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2012] [Revised: 07/16/2012] [Accepted: 09/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study was to determine the effect of exercise on the recovery of dopaminergic neuron loss and muscle atrophy in 6-OHDA-induced hemi Parkinson's disease model. Exercise was loaded twice per day for 30 minutes each time, at 5 days after 6-OHDA lesioning and continued for 16 days using a treadmill. Exercise significantly increased the number of tyrosine hydroxylase positive neuron in the lesioned substantia nigra and the expression level of tyrosine hydroxylase in the striatum compared with the control group. To examine which signaling pathways may be involved in the exercise, the phosphorylation of GSK3β and ERK were observed in the striatum. In the control group, basal level of GSK3β phosphorylation was less than in both striatum, but exercise increased it. ERK phosphorylation decreased in the lesioned striatum, but exercise recovered it. These findings suggest that exercise inactivates GSK3β by phosphorylation which may be involved in the neuroprotective effect of exercise on the 6-OHDA-induced cell death. In the exercise group, weight, and Type I and II fiber cross-sectional area of the contralateral soleus significantly recovered and expression of myosin heavy chain and Akt and ERK phosphorylation significantly increased by exercise. These results suggest that exercise recovers Parkinson's disease induced dopaminergic neuron loss and contralateral soleus muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myoung-Ae Choe
- College of Nursing, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-744, Korea
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Bae SK, Cha HN, Ju TJ, Kim YW, Kim HS, Kim YD, Dan JM, Kim JY, Kim SD, Park SY. Deficiency of inducible nitric oxide synthase attenuates immobilization-induced skeletal muscle atrophy in mice. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2012; 113:114-23. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00431.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study examined the effects of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) deficiency on skeletal muscle atrophy in single leg-immobilized iNOS knockout (KO) and wild-type (WT) mice. The left leg was immobilized for 1 wk, and the right leg was used as the control. Muscle weight and contraction-stimulated glucose uptake were reduced by immobilization in WT mice, which was accompanied with increased iNOS expression in skeletal muscle. Deficiency of iNOS attenuated muscle weight loss and the reduction in contraction-stimulated glucose uptake by immobilization. Phosphorylation of Akt, mTOR, and p70S6K was reduced to a similar extent by immobilization in both WT and iNOS KO mice. Immobilization decreased FoxO1 phosphorylation and increased mRNA and protein levels of MuRF1 and atrogin-1 in WT mice, which were attenuated in iNOS KO mice. Aconitase and superoxide dismutase activities were reduced by immobilization in WT mice, and deficiency of iNOS normalized these enzyme activities. Increased nitrotyrosine and carbonylated protein levels by immobilization in WT mice were reversed in iNOS KO mice. Phosphorylation of ERK and p38 was increased by immobilization in WT mice, which was reduced in iNOS KO mice. Immobilization-induced muscle atrophy was also attenuated by an iNOS-specific inhibitor N6-(1-iminoethyl)-l-lysine, and this finding was accompanied by increased FoxO1 phosphorylation and reduced MuRF1 and atrogin-1 levels. These results suggest that deficiency of iNOS attenuates immobilization-induced skeletal muscle atrophy through reduced oxidative stress, and iNOS-induced oxidative stress may be required for immobilization-induced skeletal muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hey-Na Cha
- Department of Physiology,
- Aging-Associated Vascular Disease Research Center,
| | - Tae-Jin Ju
- Department of Physiology,
- Aging-Associated Vascular Disease Research Center,
| | | | | | - Yong-Dae Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Korea; and
| | - Jin-Myoung Dan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Gumi CHA University Hospital, Gumi, Korea
| | | | | | - So-Young Park
- Department of Physiology,
- Aging-Associated Vascular Disease Research Center,
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Choe MA, An GJ, Koo BS, Jeon S. Effect of DHEA on recovery of muscle atrophy induced by Parkinson's disease. J Korean Acad Nurs 2012; 41:834-42. [PMID: 22310868 DOI: 10.4040/jkan.2011.41.6.834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) on recovery of muscle atrophy induced by Parkinson's disease. METHODS The rat model was established by direct injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA, 20μg) into the left striatum using stereotaxic surgery. Rats were divided into two groups; the Parkinson's disease group with vehicle treatment (Vehicle; n=12) or DHEA treatment group (DHEA; n=22). DHEA or vehicle was administrated intraperitoneally daily at a dose of 0.34 mmol/kg for 21 days. At 22-days after DHEA treatment, soleus, plantaris, and striatum were dissected. RESULTS The DHEA group showed significant increase (p<.01) in the number of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) positive neurons in the lesioned side substantia nigra compared to the vehicle group. Weights and Type I fiber cross-sectional areas of the contralateral soleus of the DHEA group were significantly greater than those of the vehicle group (p=.02, p=.00). Moreover, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation significantly decreased in the lesioned striatum, but was recovered with DHEA and also in the contralateral soleus muscle, Akt and ERK phosphorylation recovered significantly and the expression level of myosin heavy chain also recovered by DHEA treatment. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that DHEA treatment recovers Parkinson's disease induced contralateral soleus muscle atrophy through Akt and ERK phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myoung Ae Choe
- College of Nursing, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Hadj-Saïd W, Bangratz M, Vignaud A, Chatonnet A, Butler-Browne G, Nicole S, Agbulut O, Ferry A. Effect of locomotor training on muscle performance in the context of nerve-muscle communication dysfunction. Muscle Nerve 2012; 45:567-77. [DOI: 10.1002/mus.22332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Caron AZ, Haroun S, Leblanc E, Trensz F, Guindi C, Amrani A, Grenier G. The proteasome inhibitor MG132 reduces immobilization-induced skeletal muscle atrophy in mice. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2011; 12:185. [PMID: 21843349 PMCID: PMC3173404 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2474-12-185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2011] [Accepted: 08/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Skeletal muscle atrophy is a serious concern for the rehabilitation of patients afflicted by prolonged limb restriction. This debilitating condition is associated with a marked activation of NFκB activity. The ubiquitin-proteasome pathway degrades the NFκB inhibitor IκBα, enabling NFκB to translocate to the nucleus and bind to the target genes that promote muscle atrophy. Although several studies showed that proteasome inhibitors are efficient to reduce atrophy, no studies have demonstrated the ability of these inhibitors to preserve muscle function under catabolic condition. Methods We recently developed a new hindlimb immobilization procedure that induces significant skeletal muscle atrophy and used it to show that an inflammatory process characterized by the up-regulation of TNFα, a known activator of the canonical NFκB pathway, is associated with the atrophy. Here, we used this model to investigate the effect of in vivo proteasome inhibition on the muscle integrity by histological approach. TNFα, IL-1, IL-6, MuRF-1 and Atrogin/MAFbx mRNA level were determined by qPCR. Also, a functional measurement of locomotors activity was performed to determine if the treatment can shorten the rehabilitation period following immobilization. Results In the present study, we showed that the proteasome inhibitor MG132 significantly inhibited IκBα degradation thus preventing NFκB activation in vitro. MG132 preserved muscle and myofiber cross-sectional area by downregulating the muscle-specific ubiquitin ligases atrogin-1/MAFbx and MuRF-1 mRNA in vivo. This effect resulted in a diminished rehabilitation period. Conclusion These finding demonstrate that proteasome inhibitors show potential for the development of pharmacological therapies to prevent muscle atrophy and thus favor muscle rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabelle Z Caron
- Centre de Recherche Clinique Étienne-Lebel, 3001-12th Avenue North, Sherbrooke, QC J1H5N4, Canada
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Kawakami E, Kinouchi N, Adachi T, Ohsawa Y, Ishimaru N, Ohuchi H, Sunada Y, Hayashi Y, Tanaka E, Noji S. Atelocollagen-mediated systemic administration of myostatin-targeting siRNA improves muscular atrophy in caveolin-3-deficient mice. Dev Growth Differ 2011; 53:48-54. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-169x.2010.01221.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Kim Y, Choe MA. [Effect of decreased locomotor activity on hindlimb muscles in a rat model of Parkinson's disease]. J Korean Acad Nurs 2010; 40:580-8. [PMID: 20820125 DOI: 10.4040/jkan.2010.40.4.580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to examine effects of decreased locomotor activity on mass, Type I and II fiber cross-sectional areas of ipsilateral and contralateral hindlimb muscles 21 days after establishing the Parkinson's disease rat model. METHODS The rat model was established by direct injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA, 50 microg) into the left substantia nigra after stereotaxic surgery. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to one of two groups; the Parkinson's disease group (PD; n=17) and a sham group (S; n=8). Locomotor activity was assessed before and 21 days after the experiment. At 22 days after establishing the rat model, all rats were anesthetized and soleus and plantaris muscles were dissected from both ipsilateral and contralateral sides. The brain was dissected to identify dopaminergic neuronal death of substantia nigra in the PD group. RESULTS The PD group at 21 days after establishing the Parkinson's disease rat model showed significant decrease in locomotor activity compared with the S group. Weights and Type I and II fiber cross-sectional areas of the contralateral soleus muscle of the PD group were significantly lower than those of the S group. CONCLUSION Contralateral soleus muscle atrophy occurs 21 days after establishing the Parkinson's disease rat model.
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Stevens-Lapsley JE, Ye F, Liu M, Borst SE, Conover C, Yarasheski KE, Walter GA, Sweeney HL, Vandenborne K. Impact of viral-mediated IGF-I gene transfer on skeletal muscle following cast immobilization. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2010; 299:E730-40. [PMID: 20739512 PMCID: PMC2980362 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00230.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2010] [Accepted: 08/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) is a potent myogenic factor that plays a critical role in muscle regeneration and muscle hypertrophy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of IGF-I overexpression on the recovery of muscle size and function during reloading/reambulation after a period of cast immobilization in predominantly fast twitch muscles. In addition, we investigated concomitant molecular responses in IGF-I receptor and binding proteins (BPs). Recombinant adeno-associated virus vector for IGF-I (rAAV-IGF-IA) was injected into the anterior compartment of one of the hindlimbs of young (3 wk) C57BL6 female mice. At 20 wk of age, both hindlimbs were cast immobilized in a shortened position for 2 wk to unload the tibialis anterior (TA) and extensor longus digitorum (EDL) muscles. The TA and EDL muscles were removed bilaterally after 2 wk of cast immobilization and after 1 and 3 wk of free cage reambulation. Increases in IGF-I mRNA and protein levels with IGF-I overexpression were associated with significant increases in muscle wet weight, fiber size, and tetanic force, although overexpression did not protect against cast immobilization-induced muscle atrophy. After 1 wk of reambulation, evidence of enhanced muscle regeneration was noted in IGF-I-overexpressing muscles with an increased prevalence of central nuclei, embryonic myosin, and Pax7 positive fibers. We also observed larger relative gains in muscle size (wet weight and fiber area), but not force, during the 3-wk reambulation period in hindlimb muscles overexpressing IGF-I compared with contralateral control legs. Changes in IGFBP-5 mRNA expression during cast immobilization and reambulation paralleled those of IGF-I, whereas IGFBP-3 expression changed inversely to IGFBP-5.
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Caron AZ, Drouin G, Desrosiers J, Trensz F, Grenier G. A novel hindlimb immobilization procedure for studying skeletal muscle atrophy and recovery in mouse. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2009; 106:2049-59. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.91505.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle atrophy is a serious concern for patients afflicted by limb restriction due to surgery (e.g., arthrodesis), several articular pathologies (e.g., arthralgia), or simply following cast immobilization. To study the molecular events involved in this immobilization-induced debilitating condition, a convenient mouse model for atrophy is lacking. Here we provide a new immobilization procedure exploiting the normal flexion of the mouse hindlimb using a surgical staple to fix the ventral part of the foot to the distal part of the calf. Histological analysis revealed that our approach induced significant skeletal muscle atrophy by reducing the myofiber size of the tibialis anterior (TA) muscle by 36% compared with the untreated contralateral TA within a few days postimmobilization. Two molecular markers for atrophy, atrogin-1/muscle atrophy F-box (atrogin-1/MAFbx) and muscle ring finger 1 (MuRF-1) mRNAs, were significantly upregulated by 1.9- and 5.9-fold, respectively. Interestingly, our model also revealed the presence of an early inflammatory process during atrophy, characterized by the mRNA upregulation of TNF-α, IL-1, and IL-6 (1.9-, 2.4-, and 3.4-fold, respectively) simultaneously with the upregulation of the common leukocyte marker CD45 (6.1-fold). Moreover, muscle rapidly recovered on remobilization, an event associated with significantly increased levels of uncoupling protein-3 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α mRNA, key components of prooxidative muscle metabolism. This model offers unexpected new insights into the molecular events involved in immobilization atrophy.
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Polizello JC, Carvalho LC, Freitas FC, Padula N, Shimano AC, Mattiello-Sverzut AC. Propriedades mecânicas do músculo gastrocnêmio de ratas, imobilizado e posteriormente submetido a diferentes protocolos de alongamento. REV BRAS MED ESPORTE 2009. [DOI: 10.1590/s1517-86922009000300006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
O alongamento é amplamente utilizado na prática clínica da fisioterapia e no desporto, porém, as alterações mecânicas que essa técnica gera no músculo esquelético são pouco exploradas cientificamente. Este estudo avaliou as alterações mecânicas que acometem o músculo gastrocnêmio de ratas Wistar, adultas jovens, após 14 dias de imobilização e, secundariamente, submetido a alongamento manual passivo por 10 dias consecutivos, aplicado uma ou duas vezes ao dia. Foram utilizados 50 animais, sendo 10 para cada grupo: Controle (GC); Imobilizado (GI); Imobilizado e Liberado (GIL); Imobilizado e alongado uma vez ao dia (GIA1); e Imobilizado e alongado duas vezes ao dia (GIA2). O músculo gastrocnêmio foi submetido ao ensaio mecânico de tração, onde foram avaliadas as propriedades de carga e alongamento nos limites máximo e proporcional, além de rigidez e resiliência. A imobilização reduziu os valores das propriedades mecânicas de carga no limite máximo (CLM), carga no limite proporcional (CLP), alongamento no limite máximo (ALM), rigidez e resiliência, em 44,4%, 34,4%, 27,6%, 64,4% e 54%, respectivamente, quando comparados com os valores do GC. A remobilização livre e o alongamento restauraram as propriedades de CLM, CLP, ALM, rigidez e resiliência do músculo, exceto para o GIA2, que foi incapaz de restabelecer a propriedade de ALM (31,3% menor que GC). Concluí-se, portanto que, após 14 dias de imobilização segmentar, cargas individuais de alongamento e a livre movimentação permitem restituir as propriedades mecânicas do tecido muscular.
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Hershey J, Robbins C, Nelson O, Lin D. Minimal Seasonal Alterations in the Skeletal Muscle of Captive Brown Bears. Physiol Biochem Zool 2008; 81:138-47. [DOI: 10.1086/524391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Pathare N, Vandenborne K, Liu M, Stevens JE, Li Y, Frimel TN, Walter GA. Alterations in inorganic phosphate in mouse hindlimb muscles during limb disuse. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2008; 21:101-10. [PMID: 17516466 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.1162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Muscle disuse induces a wide array of structural, biochemical, and neural adaptations in skeletal muscle, which can affect its function. We recently demonstrated in patients with an orthopedic injury that cast immobilization alters the resting P(i) content of skeletal muscle, which may contribute to loss of specific force. The goal of this study was to determine the direct effect of disuse on the basal phosphate content in skeletal muscle in an animal model, avoiding the confounding effects of injury/surgery. (31)P and (1)H MRS data were acquired from the gastrocnemius muscle of young adult mice (C57BL6 female, n = 8), at rest and during a reversible ischemia experiment, before and after 2 weeks of cast immobilization. Cast immobilization resulted in an increase in resting P(i) content (75%; p < 0.001) and the P(i) to phosphocreatine (PCr) ratio (P(i)/PCr; 80%, p < 0.001). The resting concentrations of ATP, PCr and total creatine (PCr + creatine) and the intracellular pH were not significantly different after immobilization. During ischemia (30 min), PCr concentrations decreased to 54 +/- 2% and 52 +/- 6% of the resting values in pre-immobilized and immobilized muscles, respectively, but there were no detectable differences in the rates of P(i) increase or PCr depletion (0.55 +/- 0.01 mM min(-1) and 0.52 +/- 0.03 mM min(-1) before and after immobilization, respectively; p = 0.78). At the end of ischemia, immobilized muscles had a twofold higher phosphorylation potential ([ADP][P(i)]/[ATP]) and intracellular buffering capacity (3.38 +/- 0.54 slykes vs 6.18 +/- 0.57 slykes). However, the rate of PCr resynthesis (k(PCr)) after ischemia, a measure of in vivo mitochondrial function, was significantly lower in the immobilized muscles (0.31 +/- 0.04 min(-1)) than in pre-immobilized muscles (0.43 +/- 0.04 min(-1)). In conclusion, our findings indicate that 2 weeks of cast immobilization, independent of injury-related alterations, leads to a significant increase in the resting P(i) content of mouse skeletal muscle. The increase in P(i) with muscle disuse has a significant effect on the cytosolic phosphorylation potential during transient ischemia and increases the intracellular buffering capacity of skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeti Pathare
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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Pacak CA, Walter GA, Gaidosh G, Bryant N, Lewis MA, Germain S, Mah CS, Campbell KP, Byrne BJ. Long-term skeletal muscle protection after gene transfer in a mouse model of LGMD-2D. Mol Ther 2007; 15:1775-81. [PMID: 17653106 DOI: 10.1038/sj.mt.6300246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Limb girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD) describes a group of inherited diseases resulting from mutations in genes encoding proteins involved in maintaining skeletal muscle membrane stability. LGMD type-2D is caused by mutations in alpha-sarcoglycan (sgca). Here we describe muscle-specific gene delivery of the human sgca gene into dystrophic muscle using an adeno-associated virus 1 (AAV1) capsid and creatine kinase promoter. Delivery of this construct to adult sgca(-/-) mice resulted in localization of the sarcoglycan complex to the sarcolemma and a reduction in muscle fiber damage. Sgca expression prevented disease progression as observed in vivo by T(2)-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and confirmed in vitro by decreased Evan's blue dye accumulation. The ability of recombinant AAV-mediated gene delivery to restore normal muscle mechanical properties in sgca(-/-) mice was verified by in vitro force mechanics on isolated extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles, with a decrease in passive resistance to stretch as compared with untreated controls. In summary, AAV/AAV-sgca gene transfer provides long-term muscle protection from LGMD and can be non-invasively evaluated using magnetic resonance imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina A Pacak
- Powell Gene Therapy Center, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA
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Vanden Bossche LC, Van Maele G, Wojtowicz I, De Cock K, Vertriest S, De Muynck M, Rimbaut S, Vanderstraeten GG. Free radical scavengers are more effective than indomethacin in the prevention of experimentally induced heterotopic ossification. J Orthop Res 2007; 25:267-72. [PMID: 17106886 DOI: 10.1002/jor.20296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of heterotopic ossification is still unclear and the preventive therapies are usually insufficient. The present study was designed to investigate the possible preventive effect of free radical scavengers on the development of experimentally induced heterotopic ossification in a rabbit model and to compare free radical scavengers with indomethacin to determine whether they act synergistically. A standard immobilization-manipulation model was used to induce heterotopic ossification in the hind legs of 40 1-year-old female New Zealand albino rabbits. The animals were divided into four groups and received daily either placebo, a free radical scavenger cocktail [allopurinol and N-acetylcysteine (A/A)], indomethacin or the combination of A/A and indomethacin in a randomized double-blind fashion. Every 4 days an X-ray was taken and the thickness and length of new bone formation was measured at the thigh. A marked statistically significant difference was found between the four groups. In the groups that received A/A, either alone or combined with indomethacin, an inhibition of bone growth, both in thickness and in length was demonstrated. In this experimental model free radical scavengers had a superior inhibitory effect on heterotopic ossification than indomethacin. Free radicals could play an important role in the pathogenesis of heterotopic ossification.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Vanden Bossche
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Gent, Belgium.
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Magee TR, Artaza JN, Ferrini MG, Vernet D, Zuniga FI, Cantini L, Reisz-Porszasz S, Rajfer J, Gonzalez-Cadavid NF. Myostatin short interfering hairpin RNA gene transfer increases skeletal muscle mass. J Gene Med 2006; 8:1171-81. [PMID: 16810717 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myostatin negatively regulates skeletal muscle growth. Myostatin knockout mice exhibit muscle hypertrophy and decreased interstitial fibrosis. We investigated whether a plasmid expressing a short hairpin interfering RNA (shRNA) against myostatin and transduced using electroporation would increase local skeletal muscle mass. METHODS Short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) targeting myostatin were co-transfected with a myostatin-expressing plasmid into HEK293 cells and identified for myostatin silencing by Western blot. Corresponding shRNAs were cloned into plasmid shRNA expression vectors. Myostatin or a randomer negative control shRNA plasmid was injected and electroporated into the tibialis anterior or its contralateral muscle, respectively, of nine rats that were sacrificed after 2 weeks. Six other rats received a beta-galactosidase reporter plasmid and were sacrificed at 1, 2, and 4 weeks. Uptake of plasmid was examined by beta-galactosidase expression, whereas myostatin expression was determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blotting. Muscle fiber size was determined by histochemistry. Satellite cell proliferation was determined by PAX7 immunohistochemistry. Myosin heavy chain type II (MHCII) expression was determined by Western blot. RESULTS beta-Galactosidase reporter plasmid was expressed at 1 and 2 weeks but diminished by 4 weeks in tibialis anterior skeletal muscle. Myostatin shRNA reduced myostatin mRNA and protein expression by 27 and 48%, respectively. Tibialis anterior weight, fiber size, and MHCII increased by 10, 34, and 38%, respectively. Satellite cell number was increased by over 2-fold. CONCLUSIONS This is the first demonstration that myostatin shRNA gene transfer is a potential strategy to increase muscle mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas R Magee
- Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA.
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