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Tuffaha S, Lee EB. Growth Factors to Enhance Nerve Regeneration: Approaching Clinical Translation. Hand Clin 2024; 40:399-408. [PMID: 38972684 DOI: 10.1016/j.hcl.2024.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Following nerve injury, growth factors (GFs) are transiently upregulated in injured neurons, proliferating Schwann cells, and denervated muscle and skin. They act on these same cells and tissues to promote nerve regeneration and end-organ reinnervation. Consequently, much attention has been focused on developing GF-based therapeutics. A major barrier to clinical translation of GFs is their short half-life. To provide sustained GF treatment to the affected nerve, muscle, and skin in a safe and practical manner, engineered drug delivery systems are needed. This review highlights recent advancements in GF-based therapeutics and discusses the remaining hurdles for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami Tuffaha
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Erica B Lee
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.
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Xu H, Gao Z, Wang Z, Wu W, Li H, Liu Y, Jia S, Hao D, Zhu L. Electrospun PCL Nerve Conduit Filled with GelMA Gel for CNTF and IGF-1 Delivery in Promoting Sciatic Nerve Regeneration in Rat. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:6309-6321. [PMID: 37919884 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c01048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Neural tissue engineering is an essential strategy to repair long-segment peripheral nerve defects. Modification of the nerve conduit is an effective way to improve the local microenvironment of the injury site and facilitate nerve regeneration. However, the concurrent release of multiple growth cues that regulate the activity of Schwann cells and neurons remains a challenge. The present study involved the fabrication of a composite hydrogel, specifically methacrylate-anhydride gelatin-ciliary neurotrophic factor/insulin-like growth factor-1 (GelMA-CNTF/IGF-1), with the aim of providing a sustained release of CNTF and IGF-1. The GelMA-CNTF/IGF-1 hydrogels exhibited a swelling rate of 10.2% following a 24 h incubation in vitro. In vitro, GelMA hydrogels demonstrated a high degree of efficiency in the sustained release of CNTF and IGF-1 proteins, with a release rate of 85.9% for CNTF and 90.9% for IGF-1 shown at day 28. In addition, the GelMA-CNTF/IGF-1 composite hydrogel promoted the proliferation of Schwann cells and the production of nerve growth factor (NGF), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), fibronectin, and laminin and also considerably promoted the axonal growth of neurons. Furthermore, GelMA-CNTF/IGF-1 hydrogels were loaded into PCL electrospun nerve conduits to repair 15 mm sciatic nerve defects in rats. In vivo studies indicated that PCL-GelMA-CNTF/IGF-1 could efficiently accelerate the regeneration of the rat sciatic nerve, promote the formation of the myelin sheath of new axons, promote the electrophysiological function of regenerated nerves, and eventually improve the recovery of motor function in rats. Overall, the PCL-GelMA-CNTF/IGF-1 scaffold presents an attractive new approach for generating an optimal therapeutic alternative for peripheral nerve restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailiang Xu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Youyi East Road No.555, Beilin District, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Spine Bionic Treatment, Youyi East Road No.555, Beilin District, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
| | - Ziheng Gao
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Youyi East Road No.555, Beilin District, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Spine Bionic Treatment, Youyi East Road No.555, Beilin District, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
| | - Zhiyuan Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Youyi East Road No.555, Beilin District, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Spine Bionic Treatment, Youyi East Road No.555, Beilin District, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
| | - Weidong Wu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Youyi East Road No.555, Beilin District, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Spine Bionic Treatment, Youyi East Road No.555, Beilin District, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Youyi East Road No.555, Beilin District, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Spine Bionic Treatment, Youyi East Road No.555, Beilin District, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
| | - Youjun Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Youyi East Road No.555, Beilin District, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Spine Bionic Treatment, Youyi East Road No.555, Beilin District, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
| | - Shuaijun Jia
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Youyi East Road No.555, Beilin District, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Spine Bionic Treatment, Youyi East Road No.555, Beilin District, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
| | - Dingjun Hao
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Youyi East Road No.555, Beilin District, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Spine Bionic Treatment, Youyi East Road No.555, Beilin District, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Youyi East Road No.555, Beilin District, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Spine Bionic Treatment, Youyi East Road No.555, Beilin District, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
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Lambrichts I, Wolfs E, Bronckaers A, Gervois P, Vangansewinkel T. The Effect of Leukocyte- and Platelet-Rich Fibrin on Central and Peripheral Nervous System Neurons-Implications for Biomaterial Applicability. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14314. [PMID: 37762617 PMCID: PMC10532231 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Leukocyte- and Platelet-Rich Fibrin (L-PRF) is a second-generation platelet concentrate that is prepared directly from the patient's own blood. It is widely used in the field of regenerative medicine, and to better understand its clinical applicability we aimed to further explore the biological properties and effects of L-PRF on cells from the central and peripheral nervous system. To this end, L-PRF was prepared from healthy human donors, and confocal, transmission, and scanning electron microscopy as well as secretome analysis were performed on these clots. In addition, functional assays were completed to determine the effect of L-PRF on neural stem cells (NSCs), primary cortical neurons (pCNs), and peripheral dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. We observed that L-PRF consists of a dense but porous fibrin network, containing leukocytes and aggregates of activated platelets that are distributed throughout the clot. Antibody array and ELISA confirmed that it is a reservoir for a plethora of growth factors. Key molecules that are known to have an effect on neuronal cell functions such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), nerve growth factor (NGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) were slowly released over time from the clots. Next, we found that the L-PRF secretome had no significant effect on the proliferative and metabolic activity of NSCs, but it did act as a chemoattractant and improved the migration of these CNS-derived stem cells. More importantly, L-PRF growth factors had a detrimental effect on the survival of pCNs, and consequently, also interfered with their neurite outgrowth. In contrast, we found a positive effect on peripheral DRG neurons, and L-PRF growth factors improved their survival and significantly stimulated the outgrowth and branching of their neurites. Taken together, our study demonstrates the positive effects of the L-PRF secretome on peripheral neurons and supports its use in regenerative medicine but care should be taken when using it for CNS applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo Lambrichts
- Cardio and Organ Systems, Biomedical Research Institute, UHasselt—Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; (E.W.); (A.B.); (P.G.)
| | - Esther Wolfs
- Cardio and Organ Systems, Biomedical Research Institute, UHasselt—Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; (E.W.); (A.B.); (P.G.)
| | - Annelies Bronckaers
- Cardio and Organ Systems, Biomedical Research Institute, UHasselt—Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; (E.W.); (A.B.); (P.G.)
| | - Pascal Gervois
- Cardio and Organ Systems, Biomedical Research Institute, UHasselt—Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; (E.W.); (A.B.); (P.G.)
| | - Tim Vangansewinkel
- Cardio and Organ Systems, Biomedical Research Institute, UHasselt—Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; (E.W.); (A.B.); (P.G.)
- VIB, Center for Brain & Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Ishihara H, Otani Y, Tanaka K, Miyajima H, Ngo HX, Fujitani M. Blocking insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor signaling pathway inhibits neuromuscular junction regeneration after botulinum toxin-A treatment. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:609. [PMID: 37717026 PMCID: PMC10505167 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06128-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
Botulinum toxin-A (BTX) administration into muscle is an established treatment for conditions with excessive muscle contraction. However, botulinum therapy has short-term effectiveness, and high-dose injection of BTX could induce neutralizing antibodies against BTX. Therefore, prolonging its effects could be beneficial in a clinical situation. Insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF1R) and its ligands, insulin-like growth factor (IGF) -I and II, regulate the physiological and pathological processes of the nervous system. It has been suggested that IGF1R is involved in the process after BTX administration, but the specific regeneration mechanism remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to determine how inhibition of IGF1R signaling pathway affects BTX-induced muscle paralysis. The results showed that anti-IGF1R antibody administration inhibited the recovery from BTX-induced neurogenic paralysis, and the synaptic components at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ), mainly post-synaptic components, were significantly affected by the antibody. In addition, the wet weight or frequency distribution of the cross-sectional area of the muscle fibers was regulated by IGF1R, and sequential antibody administration following BTX treatment increased the number of Pax7+-satellite cells in the gastrocnemius (GC) muscle, independent of NMJ recovery. Moreover, BTX treatment upregulated mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/S6 kinase signaling pathway, HDAC4, Myog, Fbxo32/MAFbx/Atrogin-1 pathway, and transcription of synaptic components, but not autophagy. Finally, IGF1R inhibition affected only mTOR/S6 kinase translational signaling in the GC muscle. In conclusion, the IGF1R signaling pathway is critical for NMJ regeneration via specific translational signals. IGF1R inhibition could be highly beneficial in clinical practice by decreasing the number of injections and total dose of BTX due to the prolonged duration of the effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Ishihara
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo-shi, Shimane, 693-8501, Japan
- Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo-shi, Shimane, 693-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Otani
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo-shi, Shimane, 693-8501, Japan
| | - Kazuki Tanaka
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo-shi, Shimane, 693-8501, Japan
- Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo-shi, Shimane, 693-8501, Japan
| | - Hisao Miyajima
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo-shi, Shimane, 693-8501, Japan
| | - Huy Xuan Ngo
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo-shi, Shimane, 693-8501, Japan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo-shi, Shimane, 693-8501, Japan
| | - Masashi Fujitani
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo-shi, Shimane, 693-8501, Japan.
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Salles M, Horikawa F, Allegrini Jr S, Zangrando D, Yoshimoto M, Shinohara E. Clinical evaluation of the perception of post-trauma paresthesia in the mandible, using a biomimetic material: A preliminary study in humans. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18304. [PMID: 37520975 PMCID: PMC10382299 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a great effort from numerous research groups in the development of materials and therapeutic strategies for the functional recovery of patients who have suffered peripheral nerve injuries (PNI). In an article in vivo, the formation of a nerve bridge was observed, reconnecting the distal and proximal stumps, in the sciatic nerve of rats, indicating the effective participation of the biomaterial in the recovery of peripheral nerve injuries. For the current pilot study, 15 cases of multiple fractures of the mandible, with involvement of the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) were selected and studied: JC (control cases) n = 6 with conventional treatment, and JT (treated cases) n = 9, with the use of biomimetic biomaterial. The evaluation of the return to sensitivity was measured through a self-assessment, where the patients assigned scores from 0 to 10, where zero (0) represented the complete absence of sensitivity and ten (10) the normality of the perception of local sensitivity. Patients were evaluated from the preoperative period to the 360th day. The statistical results obtained by the t-Student, Shapiro-Wilk normality and non-parametric One-Way ANOVA tests indicated statistically significant differences (p < 0.005; 0.005 e 0.5 respectively), between the two treatments, which were reflected in the clinical results observed, we also calculate the size of the effect represented by ϵ2, calculated by Cohen's d. The results indicate a great difference between the treatments performed,ϵ2 = 1.00. In the 6 cases followed up in the JC group, four remained with a significant deficit until the end of the evaluations and two indicated the remission of the lack of sensitivity in this period. In the JT group, in 28 days, all cases indicated complete remission of the lack of sensitivity with healing concentration. In one of the cases where there was a complete rupture of the mental nerve, the (score-10) was observed in 60 days. The observed results indicate the existence of a statistical significance between the groups and an important relationship when using the biomimetic biomaterial during the recovery of the perception of sensitivity in polytraumatized patients, compatible with the results observed in laboratory animals, which may indicate its clinical feasibility in the reduction of sequelae in PNI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - F.K. Horikawa
- Depart. Oral and Maxillofac. Surg. Hospital Regional de Osasco SUS, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - S. Allegrini Jr
- Program in Biodentistry, Ibirapuera University (UNIB), São Paulo, SP, 04661 100, Brazil
- Católica Portuguesa University (UCP), Viseu, Portugal
| | - D. Zangrando
- Depart. Oral and Maxillofac. Surg. Hospital Regional de Osasco SUS, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Surgery Stomatology Pathology and Radiology of the Faculty of Dentistry of Bauru, University of São Paulo (FOB-USP) Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - E.H. Shinohara
- Depart. Oral and Maxillofac. Surg. Hospital Regional de Osasco SUS, São Paulo, Brazil
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Allwright M, Karrasch JF, O'Brien JA, Guennewig B, Austin PJ. MACHINE LEARNING ANALYSIS OF THE UK BIOBANK REVEALS PROGNOSTIC AND DIAGNOSTIC IMMUNE BIOMARKERS FOR POLYNEUROPATHY AND NEUROPATHIC PAIN IN DIABETES. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2023; 201:110725. [PMID: 37211253 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2023.110725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
AIMS We assessed the health data of 11,047 people with diabetes in the UK Biobank to rank 329 risk factors for diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) and DPN with chronic neuropathic pain without a priori assumption. METHODS The Integrated Disease Explanation and Risk Scoring (IDEARS) platform applies machine learning algorithms to multimodal data to determine individual disease risk, and rank risk factor importance using mean SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) score. RESULTS IDEARS models showed discriminative performances with AUC > 0.64. Lower socioeconomic status, being overweight, poor overall health, cystatin C, HbA1C, and immune activation marker, C-reactive protein (CRP), predict DPN risk. Neutrophils and monocytes were higher in males and lymphocytes lower in females with diabetes that develop DPN. Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) was increased and IGF-1 levels decreased in people with type 2 diabetes that later develop DPN. CRP was significantly elevated in those with DPN and chronic neuropathic pain compared to DPN without pain. CONCLUSIONS Lifestyle factors and blood biomarkers predict the later development of DPN and may relate to DPN pathomechanisms. Our results are consistent with DPN as a disease involving systemic inflammation. We advocate for the use of these biomarkers clinically to predict future DPN risk and improve early diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Allwright
- Brain and Mind Centre and School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, 2050, Australia
| | - Jackson F Karrasch
- Brain and Mind Centre and School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, 2050, Australia
| | - Jayden A O'Brien
- Brain and Mind Centre and School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, 2050, Australia
| | - Boris Guennewig
- Brain and Mind Centre and School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, 2050, Australia
| | - Paul J Austin
- Brain and Mind Centre and School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, 2050, Australia.
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Collin J, Hasoon MSR, Zerti D, Hammadi S, Dorgau B, Clarke L, Steel D, Hussain R, Coxhead J, Lisgo S, Queen R, Lako M. Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals transcriptional changes of human choroidal and retinal pigment epithelium cells during fetal development, in healthy adult and intermediate age-related macular degeneration. Hum Mol Genet 2023; 32:1698-1710. [PMID: 36645183 PMCID: PMC10162434 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddad007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the most prevalent cause of blindness in the developed world. Vision loss in the advanced stages of the disease is caused by atrophy of retinal photoreceptors, overlying retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and choroidal endothelial cells. The molecular events that underline the development of these cell types from in utero to adult as well as the progression to intermediate and advanced stages AMD are not yet fully understood. We performed single-cell RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) of human fetal and adult RPE-choroidal tissues, profiling in detail all the cell types and elucidating cell type-specific proliferation, differentiation and immunomodulation events that occur up to midgestation. Our data demonstrate that progression from the fetal to adult state is characterized by an increase in expression of genes involved in the oxidative stress response and detoxification from heavy metals, suggesting a better defence against oxidative stress in the adult RPE-choroid tissue. Single-cell comparative transcriptional analysis between a patient with intermediate AMD and an unaffected subject revealed a reduction in the number of RPE cells and melanocytes in the macular region of the AMD patient. Together these findings may suggest a macular loss of RPE cells and melanocytes in the AMD patients, but given the complex processing of tissues required for single-cell RNA-Seq that is prone to technical artefacts, these findings need to be validated by additional techniques in a larger number of AMD patients and controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Collin
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Megan S R Hasoon
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Darin Zerti
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle, NE1 3BZ, UK
- Microscopy Centre and Department of Applied Clinical Sciences and Biotechnology, University of L’Aquila, L'aquila 67100, Italy
| | - Sarah Hammadi
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Birthe Dorgau
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Lucy Clarke
- Department of Ophthalmology, Royal Victoria Infirmary and Newcastle University, Newcastle, NE1 4LP, UK
| | - David Steel
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Rafiqul Hussain
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Jonathan Coxhead
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Steven Lisgo
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Rachel Queen
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Majlinda Lako
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle, NE1 3BZ, UK
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Zhang L, Lv J, Wang C, Ren Y, Yong M. Myokine, a key cytokine for physical exercise to alleviate sarcopenic obesity. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:2723-2734. [PMID: 36571655 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07821-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle has a robust endocrine function as a powerful organ and can secrete and release cytokines or polypeptides known as myokines. These myokines have significant regulatory effects on signal transduction in skeletal muscle and the metabolism of peripheral tissues and organs and exert biological effects via autocrine, paracrine, or endocrine forms. Obesity and aging cause myokine secretion dysregulation, and hastening sarcopenic obesity (SO) development. Exercise is currently an excellent intervention and prevention method for SO. Meanwhile, exercise impacts many organs and tissues. These organs and tissues will produce various myokines in response to movement and metabolism throughout the body to govern muscle differentiation, growth, and remodeling. According to accumulating data, exercise can increase the release of myokines from diverse tissues into the blood and postpone the SO onset and progression by influencing protein metabolism, inflammation, mitochondrial quality control, and other mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Physical Education and Sport Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Junjie Lv
- Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Cenyi Wang
- Physical Education and Sport Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ren
- Physical Education and Sport Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Ming Yong
- Physical Education and Sport Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Neurotrophic Factors as Regenerative Therapy for Neurodegenerative Diseases: Current Status, Challenges and Future Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043866. [PMID: 36835277 PMCID: PMC9968045 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), multiple sclerosis (MS), spinal cord injury (SCI), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), are characterized by acute or chronic progressive loss of one or several neuronal subtypes. However, despite their increasing prevalence, little progress has been made in successfully treating these diseases. Research has recently focused on neurotrophic factors (NTFs) as potential regenerative therapy for neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we discuss the current state of knowledge, challenges, and future perspectives of NTFs with a direct regenerative effect in chronic inflammatory and degenerative disorders. Various systems for delivery of NTFs, such as stem and immune cells, viral vectors, and biomaterials, have been applied to deliver exogenous NTFs to the central nervous system, with promising results. The challenges that currently need to be overcome include the amount of NTFs delivered, the invasiveness of the delivery route, the blood-brain barrier permeability, and the occurrence of side effects. Nevertheless, it is important to continue research and develop standards for clinical applications. In addition to the use of single NTFs, the complexity of chronic inflammatory and degenerative diseases may require combination therapies targeting multiple pathways or other possibilities using smaller molecules, such as NTF mimetics, for effective treatment.
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10
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Axonal Regeneration: Underlying Molecular Mechanisms and Potential Therapeutic Targets. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123186. [PMID: 36551942 PMCID: PMC9775075 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Axons in the peripheral nervous system have the ability to repair themselves after damage, whereas axons in the central nervous system are unable to do so. A common and important characteristic of damage to the spinal cord, brain, and peripheral nerves is the disruption of axonal regrowth. Interestingly, intrinsic growth factors play a significant role in the axonal regeneration of injured nerves. Various factors such as proteomic profile, microtubule stability, ribosomal location, and signalling pathways mark a line between the central and peripheral axons' capacity for self-renewal. Unfortunately, glial scar development, myelin-associated inhibitor molecules, lack of neurotrophic factors, and inflammatory reactions are among the factors that restrict axonal regeneration. Molecular pathways such as cAMP, MAPK, JAK/STAT, ATF3/CREB, BMP/SMAD, AKT/mTORC1/p70S6K, PI3K/AKT, GSK-3β/CLASP, BDNF/Trk, Ras/ERK, integrin/FAK, RhoA/ROCK/LIMK, and POSTN/integrin are activated after nerve injury and are considered significant players in axonal regeneration. In addition to the aforementioned pathways, growth factors, microRNAs, and astrocytes are also commendable participants in regeneration. In this review, we discuss the detailed mechanism of each pathway along with key players that can be potentially valuable targets to help achieve quick axonal healing. We also identify the prospective targets that could help close knowledge gaps in the molecular pathways underlying regeneration and shed light on the creation of more powerful strategies to encourage axonal regeneration after nervous system injury.
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Grosman-Rimon L, Vadasz B, Bondi M, Cohen M, Santos S, Katz J, Clarke H, Singh S, Rimon J, Kumbhare D, Eilat-Adar S. Potential Role of Insulin-Like Growth Factors in Myofascial Pain Syndrome: A Narrative Review. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2022; 101:1175-1182. [PMID: 35067552 DOI: 10.1097/phm.0000000000001972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Insulin-like growth factors have diverse functions in skeletal muscles by acting through multiple signaling pathways, including growth regulation and differentiation, anti-inflammation, and antioxidation. Insulin-like growth factors have anti-inflammatory effects and also play roles in nociceptive pathways, determining pain sensitivity, in addition to their protective role against ischemic injury in both the nervous system and skeletal muscle. In skeletal muscle, insulin-like growth factors maintain homeostasis, playing key roles in maintenance, accelerating muscle regeneration, and repair processes. As part of their maintenance role, increased levels of insulin-like growth factors may be required for the repair mechanisms after exercise. Although the role of insulin-like growth factors in myofascial pain syndrome is not completely understood, there is evidence from a recent study that insulin-like growth factor 2 levels in patients with myofascial pain syndrome are lower than those of healthy individuals and are associated with increased levels of inflammatory biomarkers. Importantly, higher insulin-like growth factor 2 levels are associated with increased pain severity in myofascial pain syndrome patients. This may suggest that too low or high insulin-like growth factor levels may contribute to musculoskeletal disorder process, whereas a midrange levels may optimize healing without contributing to pain hypersensitivity. Future studies are required to address the mechanisms of insulin-like growth factor 2 in myofascial pain syndrome and the optimal level as a therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liza Grosman-Rimon
- From the Academic College at Wingate, Wingate Institute, Netanya, Israel (LG-R, SE-A); Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, University of Toronto Centre for the Study of Pain, Toronto, Canada (LG-R, S. Santos, HC, DK); Department of Pathology McGaw Medical Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (BV); Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel (MB); Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (MB); The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel (MC); Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada (JK, HC); Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, Canada (JK, JR); and Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland (S. Singh)
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12
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Sarhane KA, Qiu C, Harris TG, Hanwright PJ, Mao HQ, Tuffaha SH. Translational bioengineering strategies for peripheral nerve regeneration: opportunities, challenges, and novel concepts. Neural Regen Res 2022; 18:1229-1234. [PMID: 36453398 PMCID: PMC9838159 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.358616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injuries remain a challenging problem in need of better treatment strategies. Despite best efforts at surgical reconstruction and postoperative rehabilitation, patients are often left with persistent, debilitating motor and sensory deficits. There are currently no therapeutic strategies proven to enhance the regenerative process in humans. A clinical need exists for the development of technologies to promote nerve regeneration and improve functional outcomes. Recent advances in the fields of tissue engineering and nanotechnology have enabled biomaterial scaffolds to modulate the host response to tissue repair through tailored mechanical, chemical, and conductive cues. New bioengineered approaches have enabled targeted, sustained delivery of protein therapeutics with the capacity to unlock the clinical potential of a myriad of neurotrophic growth factors that have demonstrated promise in enhancing regenerative outcomes. As such, further exploration of combinatory strategies leveraging these technological advances may offer a pathway towards clinically translatable solutions to advance the care of patients with peripheral nerve injuries. This review first presents the various emerging bioengineering strategies that can be applied for the management of nerve gap injuries. We cover the rationale and limitations for their use as an alternative to autografts, focusing on the approaches to increase the number of regenerating axons crossing the repair site, and facilitating their growth towards the distal stump. We also discuss the emerging growth factor-based therapeutic strategies designed to improve functional outcomes in a multimodal fashion, by accelerating axonal growth, improving the distal regenerative environment, and preventing end-organs atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim A. Sarhane
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Peripheral Nerve Research Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Chenhu Qiu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University Whiting School of Engineering, Baltimore, MD, USA,Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA,Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Thomas G.W. Harris
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Peripheral Nerve Research Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Philip J. Hanwright
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Peripheral Nerve Research Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hai-Quan Mao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University Whiting School of Engineering, Baltimore, MD, USA,Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA,Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sami H. Tuffaha
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Peripheral Nerve Research Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA,Correspondence to: Sami H. Tuffaha, .
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13
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Platelet-rich plasma loaded nerve guidance conduit as implantable biocompatible materials for recurrent laryngeal nerve regeneration. NPJ Regen Med 2022; 7:49. [PMID: 36104458 PMCID: PMC9474804 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-022-00239-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractVocal cord paralysis caused by recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) injury during thyroidectomy results in hoarseness, aspiration, and dyspnea. We evaluated the usefulness of nerve guidance conduits (NGCs) constructed from an asymmetric polycaprolactone (PCL)/Pluronic F127 porous membrane and filled with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) for functional RLN regeneration. We evaluated the proliferation and migration of Schwann cells (SCs) after PRP treatment in vitro. For the in vivo study, rabbits were divided into a non-loaded NGC group and a PRP-loaded NGC group. The left RLNs were resected and interposed with the NGCs. Functional and histological examinations of the vocal cords were performed. SC proliferation and migration increased in a PRP dose-dependent manner, with the PRP increasing the levels of neurotrophic factors, myelin-associated glycoprotein, and ERK. In vivo, the PRP group showed significantly better vocal cord mobility and less vocalis muscle atrophy than the non-loaded NGC group. Histologically, the ingrowth of nerve endings occurred more rapidly in the PRP group, and acetylcholinesterase, neurofilament, and S-100 expression in neural endings were significantly higher in the PRP group. Furthermore, transmission electron microscopy showed that myelinated axons were more tightly packed in the PRP group. This study shows that PRP-loaded NGCs provide a favorable environment for neural regeneration and suggests that this technique has therapeutic potential for promoting RLN recovery.
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14
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Review of Drug Therapy for Peripheral Facial Nerve Regeneration That Can Be Used in Actual Clinical Practice. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071678. [PMID: 35884983 PMCID: PMC9313135 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although facial nerve palsy is not a life-threatening disease, facial asymmetry affects interpersonal relationships, causes psychological stress, and devastates human life. The treatment and rehabilitation of facial paralysis has many socio-economic costs. Therefore, in cases of facial paralysis, it is necessary to identify the cause and provide the best treatment. However, until now, complete recovery has been difficult regardless of the treatment used in cases of complete paralysis of unknown cause and cutting injury of the facial nerve due to disease or accident. Therefore, this article aims to contribute to the future treatment of facial paralysis by reviewing studies on drugs that aid in nerve regeneration after peripheral nerve damage.
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15
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Idrisova KF, Zeinalova AK, Masgutova GA, Bogov AA, Allegrucci C, Syromiatnikova VY, Salafutdinov II, Garanina EE, Andreeva DI, Kadyrov AA, Rizvanov AA, Masgutov RF. Application of neurotrophic and proangiogenic factors as therapy after peripheral nervous system injury. Neural Regen Res 2022; 17:1240-1247. [PMID: 34782557 PMCID: PMC8643040 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.327329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The intrinsic ability of peripheral nerves to regenerate after injury is extremely limited, especially in case of severe injury. This often leads to poor motor function and permanent disability. Existing approaches for the treatment of injured nerves do not provide appropriate conditions to support survival and growth of nerve cells. This drawback can be compensated by the use of gene therapy and cell therapy-based drugs that locally provide an increase in the key regulators of nerve growth, including neurotrophic factors and extracellular matrix proteins. Each growth factor plays its own specific angiotrophic or neurotrophic role. Currently, growth factors are widely studied as accelerators of nerve regeneration. Particularly noteworthy is synergy between various growth factors, that is essential for both angiogenesis and neurogenesis. Fibroblast growth factor 2 and vascular endothelial growth factor are widely known for their proangiogenic effects. At the same time, fibroblast growth factor 2 and vascular endothelial growth factor stimulate neural cell growth and play an important role in neurodegenerative diseases of the peripheral nervous system. Taken together, their neurotrophic and angiogenic properties have positive effect on the regeneration process. In this review we provide an in-depth overview of the role of fibroblast growth factor 2 and vascular endothelial growth factor in the regeneration of peripheral nerves, thus demonstrating their neurotherapeutic efficacy in improving neuron survival in the peripheral nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Cinzia Allegrucci
- Biodiscovery Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ruslan Faridovich Masgutov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
- Republican Clinical Hospital, Kazan, Russia
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16
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Intramuscular Stem Cell Injection in Combination with Bioengineered Nerve Repair or Nerve Grafting Reduces Muscle Atrophy. Plast Reconstr Surg 2022; 149:905e-913e. [PMID: 35271540 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000009031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peripheral nerve injuries represent a clinical challenge, especially when they are accompanied by loss of neural tissue. In this study, the authors attempted to attain a better outcome after a peripheral nerve injury by both repairing the nerve lesion and treating the denervated muscle at the same time. METHODS Rat sciatic nerves were transected to create 10-mm gaps. Repair was performed in five groups (n = 5 rats for each), as follows: group 1, nerve repair using poly-3-hydroxybutyrate strips to connect the proximal and distal stumps, in combination with control growth medium injection in the gastrocnemius muscle; group 2, nerve repair with poly-3-hydroxybutyrate strip seeded with Schwann cell-like differentiated adipose stem cells (differentiated adipose stem cell strip) in combination with growth medium intramuscular injection; group 3, differentiated adipose stem cell strip in combination with intramuscular injection of differentiated adipose stem cells; group 4, repair using autograft (reverse sciatic nerve graft) in combination with intramuscular injection of growth medium; and group 5, autograft in combination with intramuscular injection of differentiated adipose stem cells. Six weeks after nerve injury, the effects of the stem cells on muscle atrophy were assessed. RESULTS Poly-3-hydroxybutyrate strips seeded with differentiated adipose stem cells showed a high number of βIII-tubulin-positive axons entering the distal stump and abundant endothelial cells. Group 1 animals exhibited more muscle atrophy than all the other groups, and group 5 animals had the greatest muscle weights and muscle fibers size. CONCLUSION Bioengineering nerve repair in combination with intramuscular stem cell injection is a promising technique to treat nerve lesions and associated muscle atrophy. CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT Nerve injuries and resulting muscle atrophy are a clinical challenge. To optimize functional recovery after a nerve lesion, the authors treated the nerve and muscle at the same time by using regenerative medicine with adipose stem cells and obtained encouraging results for future clinical applications.
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17
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Jessen KR, Mirsky R. The Role of c-Jun and Autocrine Signaling Loops in the Control of Repair Schwann Cells and Regeneration. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 15:820216. [PMID: 35221918 PMCID: PMC8863656 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.820216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
After nerve injury, both Schwann cells and neurons switch to pro-regenerative states. For Schwann cells, this involves reprogramming of myelin and Remak cells to repair Schwann cells that provide the signals and mechanisms needed for the survival of injured neurons, myelin clearance, axonal regeneration and target reinnervation. Because functional repair cells are essential for regeneration, it is unfortunate that their phenotype is not robust. Repair cell activation falters as animals get older and the repair phenotype fades during chronic denervation. These malfunctions are important reasons for the poor outcomes after nerve damage in humans. This review will discuss injury-induced Schwann cell reprogramming and the concept of the repair Schwann cell, and consider the molecular control of these cells with emphasis on c-Jun. This transcription factor is required for the generation of functional repair cells, and failure of c-Jun expression is implicated in repair cell failures in older animals and during chronic denervation. Elevating c-Jun expression in repair cells promotes regeneration, showing in principle that targeting repair cells is an effective way of improving nerve repair. In this context, we will outline the emerging evidence that repair cells are sustained by autocrine signaling loops, attractive targets for interventions aimed at promoting regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristjan R. Jessen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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18
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Hanwright PJ, Qiu C, Rath J, Zhou Y, von Guionneau N, Sarhane KA, Harris TGW, Howard GP, Malapati H, Lan MJ, Reddy S, Hoke A, Mao HQ, Tuffaha SH. Sustained IGF-1 delivery ameliorates effects of chronic denervation and improves functional recovery after peripheral nerve injury and repair. Biomaterials 2021; 280:121244. [PMID: 34794826 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Functional recovery following peripheral nerve injury is limited by progressive atrophy of denervated muscle and Schwann cells (SCs) that occurs during the long regenerative period prior to end-organ reinnervation. Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) is a potent mitogen with well-described trophic and anti-apoptotic effects on neurons, myocytes, and SCs. Achieving sustained, targeted delivery of small protein therapeutics remains a challenge. We hypothesized that a novel nanoparticle (NP) delivery system can provide controlled release of bioactive IGF-1 targeted to denervated muscle and nerve tissue to achieve improved motor recovery through amelioration of denervation-induced muscle atrophy and SC senescence and enhanced axonal regeneration. Biodegradable NPs with encapsulated IGF-1/dextran sulfate polyelectrolyte complexes were formulated using a flash nanoprecipitation method to preserve IGF-1 bioactivity and maximize encapsulation efficiencies. Under optimized conditions, uniform PEG-b-PCL NPs were generated with an encapsulation efficiency of 88.4%, loading level of 14.2%, and a near-zero-order release of bioactive IGF-1 for more than 20 days in vitro. The effects of locally delivered IGF-1 NPs on denervated muscle and SCs were assessed in a rat median nerve transection-without- repair model. The effects of IGF-1 NPs on axonal regeneration, muscle atrophy, reinnervation, and recovery of motor function were assessed in a model in which chronic denervation is induced prior to nerve repair. IGF-1 NP treatment resulted in significantly greater recovery of forepaw grip strength, decreased denervation-induced muscle atrophy, decreased SC senescence, and improved neuromuscular reinnervation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip J Hanwright
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Chenhu Qiu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University Whiting School of Engineering, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA; Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Jennifer Rath
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University Whiting School of Engineering, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA; Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Nicholas von Guionneau
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Karim A Sarhane
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Thomas G W Harris
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Gregory P Howard
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Harsha Malapati
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Michael J Lan
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Sashank Reddy
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA; Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Ahmet Hoke
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Hai-Quan Mao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University Whiting School of Engineering, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA; Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA; Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
| | - Sami H Tuffaha
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
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19
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Kimura T, Yamada H, Teraoka M, Joko T, Iwata S, Tabata Y, Wakisaka H, Hato N. Intratympanic Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 Administration Via the Otic Bulla in a Severe Facial Paralysis Model. Otol Neurotol 2021; 42:e1376-e1381. [PMID: 34224549 DOI: 10.1097/mao.0000000000003263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS We investigated the treatment effect of intratympanic insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) on severe facial paralysis in guinea pigs. BACKGROUND The use of regenerative medicine involving growth factors has been reported in the treatment of peripheral nerve diseases. IGF-1 plays a crucial role in nerve regeneration. METHODS We performed the following procedures on guinea pigs. In the normal group (n = 7), no procedure was performed. In the saline (n = 7) and IGF-1 (n = 7) groups, facial paralysis was induced by freezing of the facial canal. Subsequently, in the saline and IGF-1 groups, a gelatin hydrogel impregnated with 100 μL saline and 400 μg/100 μL IGF-1, respectively, was placed in the facial canal. Facial nerve functions were evaluated using three test batteries: facial movement observation, electrophysiological testing, and histological assessment. RESULTS At 10 weeks postoperatively, the facial movement scores for the IGF-1 group were improved compared to those in the saline group. The conductive velocity was significantly faster in the IGF-1 group than in the saline group. There was a significant between-group difference in the nerve fiber number and myelin thickness. CONCLUSION Intratympanic IGF-1 administration improved facial nerve regeneration. This novel method could provide prompt ambulatory regenerative treatment and reduce the incidence of poor recovery in patients with severe facial paralysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Kimura
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ehime University
| | - Hiroyuki Yamada
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ehime University
| | - Masato Teraoka
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ehime University
| | - Tomonori Joko
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ehime University
| | - Shinji Iwata
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ehime University
| | - Yasuhiro Tabata
- Laboratory of Biomaterials, Department of Regeneration Science and Engineering Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University
| | - Hiroyuki Wakisaka
- Laboratory of Head and Neck Surgery, Ehime Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Ehime, Japan
| | - Naohito Hato
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ehime University
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20
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Yow YY, Goh TK, Nyiew KY, Lim LW, Phang SM, Lim SH, Ratnayeke S, Wong KH. Therapeutic Potential of Complementary and Alternative Medicines in Peripheral Nerve Regeneration: A Systematic Review. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092194. [PMID: 34571842 PMCID: PMC8472132 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the progressive advances, current standards of treatments for peripheral nerve injury do not guarantee complete recovery. Thus, alternative therapeutic interventions should be considered. Complementary and alternative medicines (CAMs) are widely explored for their therapeutic value, but their potential use in peripheral nerve regeneration is underappreciated. The present systematic review, designed according to guidelines of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols, aims to present and discuss the current literature on the neuroregenerative potential of CAMs, focusing on plants or herbs, mushrooms, decoctions, and their respective natural products. The available literature on CAMs associated with peripheral nerve regeneration published up to 2020 were retrieved from PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. According to current literature, the neuroregenerative potential of Achyranthes bidentata, Astragalus membranaceus, Curcuma longa, Panax ginseng, and Hericium erinaceus are the most widely studied. Various CAMs enhanced proliferation and migration of Schwann cells in vitro, primarily through activation of MAPK pathway and FGF-2 signaling, respectively. Animal studies demonstrated the ability of CAMs to promote peripheral nerve regeneration and functional recovery, which are partially associated with modulations of neurotrophic factors, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and anti-apoptotic signaling. This systematic review provides evidence for the potential use of CAMs in the management of peripheral nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon-Yen Yow
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Petaling Jaya 47500, Malaysia; (T.-K.G.); (K.-Y.N.); (S.R.)
- Correspondence: (Y.-Y.Y.); (L.-W.L.); (K.-H.W.); Tel.: +603-7491-8622 (Y.-Y.Y.); +852-3917-6830 (L.-W.L.); +603-7967-4729 (K.-H.W.)
| | - Tiong-Keat Goh
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Petaling Jaya 47500, Malaysia; (T.-K.G.); (K.-Y.N.); (S.R.)
| | - Ke-Ying Nyiew
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Petaling Jaya 47500, Malaysia; (T.-K.G.); (K.-Y.N.); (S.R.)
| | - Lee-Wei Lim
- Neuromodulation Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, L4 Laboratory Block, Hong Kong
- Correspondence: (Y.-Y.Y.); (L.-W.L.); (K.-H.W.); Tel.: +603-7491-8622 (Y.-Y.Y.); +852-3917-6830 (L.-W.L.); +603-7967-4729 (K.-H.W.)
| | - Siew-Moi Phang
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Siew-Huah Lim
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
| | - Shyamala Ratnayeke
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Petaling Jaya 47500, Malaysia; (T.-K.G.); (K.-Y.N.); (S.R.)
| | - Kah-Hui Wong
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (Y.-Y.Y.); (L.-W.L.); (K.-H.W.); Tel.: +603-7491-8622 (Y.-Y.Y.); +852-3917-6830 (L.-W.L.); +603-7967-4729 (K.-H.W.)
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21
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Slavin BR, Sarhane KA, von Guionneau N, Hanwright PJ, Qiu C, Mao HQ, Höke A, Tuffaha SH. Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1: A Promising Therapeutic Target for Peripheral Nerve Injury. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:695850. [PMID: 34249891 PMCID: PMC8264584 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.695850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients who sustain peripheral nerve injuries (PNIs) are often left with debilitating sensory and motor loss. Presently, there is a lack of clinically available therapeutics that can be given as an adjunct to surgical repair to enhance the regenerative process. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) represents a promising therapeutic target to meet this need, given its well-described trophic and anti-apoptotic effects on neurons, Schwann cells (SCs), and myocytes. Here, we review the literature regarding the therapeutic potential of IGF-1 in PNI. We appraised the literature for the various approaches of IGF-1 administration with the aim of identifying which are the most promising in offering a pathway toward clinical application. We also sought to determine the optimal reported dosage ranges for the various delivery approaches that have been investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin R Slavin
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Karim A Sarhane
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Nicholas von Guionneau
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Phillip J Hanwright
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Chenhu Qiu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Hai-Quan Mao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Translational Tissue Engineering Center, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Ahmet Höke
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Sami H Tuffaha
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Alhindi A, Boehm I, Chaytow H. Small junction, big problems: Neuromuscular junction pathology in mouse models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). J Anat 2021; 241:1089-1107. [PMID: 34101196 PMCID: PMC9558162 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a motor neuron disease with an extremely heterogeneous clinical and genetic phenotype. In our efforts to find therapies for ALS, the scientific community has developed a plethora of mouse models, each with their own benefits and drawbacks. The peripheral nervous system, specifically the neuromuscular junction (NMJ), is known to be affected in ALS patients and shows marked dysfunction across mouse models. Evidence of pathology at the NMJ includes denervated NMJs, changes in endplate size and loss of terminal Schwann cells. This review compares the temporal disease progression with severity of disease at the NMJ in mouse models with the most commonly mutated genes in ALS patients (SOD1, C9ORF72, TARDBP and FUS). Despite variability, early NMJ dysfunction seems to be a common factor in models with SOD1, TARDBP and FUS mutations, while C9ORF72 models do not appear to follow the same pattern of pathology. Further work into determining the timing of NMJ pathology, particularly in newer ALS mouse models, will confirm its pivotal role in ALS pathogenesis and therefore highlight the NMJ as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abrar Alhindi
- Edinburgh Medical School, Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neurone Disease Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ines Boehm
- Edinburgh Medical School, Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neurone Disease Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Helena Chaytow
- Edinburgh Medical School, Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neurone Disease Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Wu YN, Liao CH, Chen KC, Chiang HS. Dual effect of chitosan activated platelet rich plasma (cPRP) improved erectile function after cavernous nerve injury. J Formos Med Assoc 2021; 121:14-24. [PMID: 33781654 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2021.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The intracavernosal (IC) injection of chitosan activated platelet rich plasma (cPRP) has shown to improve the erectile dysfunction in cavernous nerve injury rat model. However, the action target of PRP in improving neurogenic erectile dysfunction remains unclear. We aimed to determine the effect of cPRP action at early stage that further mediates its effect on erectile function (EF) recovery in the bilateral cavernous nerve crushing (BCNC) injury rat model. METHODS Fifty-four rats were randomly divided into two equal groups: intracavernosal ( IC) injection of saline after BCNC (group 1) and IC injection of cPRP after BCNC (group 2). Five animals in each group were euthanized at 3, 7 and 14 day (d) post-injection, and the tissues were harvested to conduct transmission electron microscopy and histological assays. Six animals in each group were used to determine the recovery of EF at 14 and 28 d post-injury. RESULTS IC injections of cPRP increased all EF parameters at 28 d and 14 d post-injury (p < 0.05). cPRP injections simultaneously prevented the loss of neuronal nitric oxide synthase-positive neurons (p < 0.05) and nerve fibers (p < 0.05) in the major pelvic ganglion and cavernous nerve (CN), respectively, compared with saline injections. This simultaneous accelerated the regeneration of myelinated axons of the CN, reduced apoptosis, and enhanced the proliferation of the corporal smooth muscle cells at an earlier stage. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the application of cPRP was beneficial to restore EF via neuroprotective and tissue-protective effects at early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-No Wu
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hou Liao
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Cardinal Tien Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Chiang Chen
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Urology, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Han-Sun Chiang
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Cardinal Tien Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Urology, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
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Wu YN, Liao CH, Chen KC, Chiang HS. CXCL5 Cytokine Is a Major Factor in Platelet-Rich Plasma's Preservation of Erectile Function in Rats After Bilateral Cavernous Nerve Injury. J Sex Med 2021; 18:698-710. [PMID: 33741291 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2020.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The neuro-protective and tissue-protective properties of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) have been demonstrated through treating bilateral cavernous nerve (CN) injury in rats, although the underlying mechanisms have not been fully clarified. AIM To determine factors released from PRP and explore their role in mediating preservation of erectile function (EF) in a rat model of CN injury. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats (aged 10 weeks) were used in this study. 6 rats were used to obtain blood for PRP and whole plasma preparation. We probed samples using a cytokine antibody array and performed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We determined the expression patterns of C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 5 (CXCL5) and receptors in the major pelvic ganglion (MPG) and corpus cavernosum via immunostaining. 32 rats were divided into 4 groups based on the type of injection received: (i) sham, (ii) vehicle, (iii) 400 μL of PRP, and (iv) 30 ng/kg of CXCL5. Groups 2-4 were subjected to bilateral CN crush (BCNC) injury. 4 weeks later, EF was assessed by CN electrostimulation, and CNs and penile tissue were collected for histological analysis. OUTCOME Cytokine antibody array, ELISA, erectile response, and immunofluorescence staining readings. RESULTS The PRP contained high levels of CXCL5. MPG neurons expressed CXCL5 and CXCR2. PRP intracavernous injection stabilized CXCR2 and increased CXCL5 expression in the MPG after BCNC, thus enhancing neuroprotection. CXCL5 injection improved BCNC-induced erectile dysfunction by preventing smooth muscle atrophy. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS The therapeutic efficacy of PRP in CN injury-induced erectile dysfunction may arise from the synergy among multiple biomolecules. Our study serves as a basis for future studies on PRP formulation to provide safe and effective medications for the maintenance of EF after radical prostatectomy in patients with prostate cancer. STRENGTHS & LIMITATIONS A strength of our study is that our model was able to isolate the role of cytokines, specifically CXCL5, as part of the mechanism responsible for PRP's protective properties. However, the rat cytokine array provided limited experimental targets. The rats used were not at the age corresponding to prostate cancer patients in clinical settings. Our study did not explore CXCL5 blocking in the PRP group. Finally, the main protein quantification results by western blotting were hampered because of small tissue samples. CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence for the role of CXCL5 and CXCR2 as mediators of PRP effects in the preservation of EF after CN injury. Wu YN, Liao CH, Chen KC, et al. CXCL5 Cytokine Is a Major Factor in Platelet-Rich Plasma's Preservation of Erectile Function in Rats After Bilateral Cavernous Nerve Injury. J Sex Med 2021;18:698-710.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-No Wu
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hou Liao
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Cardinal Tien Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Chiang Chen
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Urology, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Han-Sun Chiang
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Cardinal Tien Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Urology, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
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25
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Guedan-Duran A, Jemni-Damer N, Orueta-Zenarruzabeitia I, Guinea GV, Perez-Rigueiro J, Gonzalez-Nieto D, Panetsos F. Biomimetic Approaches for Separated Regeneration of Sensory and Motor Fibers in Amputee People: Necessary Conditions for Functional Integration of Sensory-Motor Prostheses With the Peripheral Nerves. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:584823. [PMID: 33224936 PMCID: PMC7670549 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.584823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The regenerative capacity of the peripheral nervous system after an injury is limited, and a complete function is not recovered, mainly due to the loss of nerve tissue after the injury that causes a separation between the nerve ends and to the disorganized and intermingled growth of sensory and motor nerve fibers that cause erroneous reinnervations. Even though the development of biomaterials is a very promising field, today no significant results have been achieved. In this work, we study not only the characteristics that should have the support that will allow the growth of nerve fibers, but also the molecular profile necessary for a specific guidance. To do this, we carried out an exhaustive study of the molecular profile present during the regeneration of the sensory and motor fibers separately, as well as of the effect obtained by the administration and inhibition of different factors involved in the regeneration. In addition, we offer a complete design of the ideal characteristics of a biomaterial, which allows the growth of the sensory and motor neurons in a differentiated way, indicating (1) size and characteristics of the material; (2) necessity to act at the microlevel, on small groups of neurons; (3) combination of molecules and specific substrates; and (4) temporal profile of those molecules expression throughout the regeneration process. The importance of the design we offer is that it respects the complexity and characteristics of the regeneration process; it indicates the appropriate temporal conditions of molecular expression, in order to obtain a synergistic effect; it takes into account the importance of considering the process at the group of neuron level; and it gives an answer to the main limitations in the current studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atocha Guedan-Duran
- Neuro-computing and Neuro-robotics Research Group, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Innovation Group, Institute for Health Research San Carlos Clinical Hospital (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States
| | - Nahla Jemni-Damer
- Neuro-computing and Neuro-robotics Research Group, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Innovation Group, Institute for Health Research San Carlos Clinical Hospital (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Irune Orueta-Zenarruzabeitia
- Neuro-computing and Neuro-robotics Research Group, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Innovation Group, Institute for Health Research San Carlos Clinical Hospital (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gustavo Víctor Guinea
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Material Science, Civil Engineering Superior School, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
- Silk Biomed SL, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Perez-Rigueiro
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Material Science, Civil Engineering Superior School, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
- Silk Biomed SL, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Gonzalez-Nieto
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
- Silk Biomed SL, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fivos Panetsos
- Neuro-computing and Neuro-robotics Research Group, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Innovation Group, Institute for Health Research San Carlos Clinical Hospital (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
- Silk Biomed SL, Madrid, Spain
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26
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Song S, Wang X, Wang T, Yu Q, Hou Z, Zhu Z, Li R. Additive Manufacturing of Nerve Guidance Conduits for Regeneration of Injured Peripheral Nerves. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:590596. [PMID: 33102468 PMCID: PMC7546374 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.590596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
As a common and frequent clinical disease, peripheral nerve defect has caused a serious social burden, which is characterized by poor curative effect, long course of treatment and high cost. Nerve autografting is first-line treatment of peripheral nerve injuries (PNIs) but can result in loss of function of the donor site, neuroma formation, and prolonged operative time. Nerve guidance conduit (NGC) serves as the most promising alternative to autologous transplantation, but its production process is complicated and it is difficult to effectively combine growth factors and bioactive substances. In recent years, additive manufacturing of NGCs has effectively solved the above problems due to its simple and efficient manufacturing method, and it can be used as the carrier of bioactive substances. This review examines recent advances in additive manufacture of NGCs for PNIs as well as insight into how these approaches could be improved in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaochen Song
- Department of Hand Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xuejie Wang
- Department of Hand Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Tiejun Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Traumatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qinghua Yu
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zheyu Hou
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhe Zhu
- Department of Hand Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Hand Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Abstract
Regeneration is the process by which organisms replace lost or damaged tissue, and regenerative capacity can vary greatly among species, tissues and life stages. Tissue regeneration shares certain hallmarks of embryonic development, in that lineage-specific factors can be repurposed upon injury to initiate morphogenesis; however, many differences exist between regeneration and embryogenesis. Recent studies of regenerating tissues in laboratory model organisms - such as acoel worms, frogs, fish and mice - have revealed that chromatin structure, dedicated enhancers and transcriptional networks are regulated in a context-specific manner to control key gene expression programmes. A deeper mechanistic understanding of the gene regulatory networks of regeneration pathways might ultimately enable their targeted reactivation as a means to treat human injuries and degenerative diseases. In this Review, we consider the regeneration of body parts across a range of tissues and species to explore common themes and potentially exploitable elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A Goldman
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Kenneth D Poss
- Regeneration Next, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
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28
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Sugiyama M, Ito T, Furukawa T, Hirayama A, Kakehata S. The effect of insulin-like growth factor 1 on the recovery of facial nerve function in a guinea pig model of facial palsy. J Physiol Sci 2020; 70:28. [PMID: 32513097 PMCID: PMC10717557 DOI: 10.1186/s12576-020-00755-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The efficacy of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) in the treatment of peripheral facial nerve palsy was investigated using an animal model. The facial nerve within the temporal bone was exposed and compressed by clamping. The animals were treated with either IGF-1 or saline which was topically administered by a gelatin-based sustained-release hydrogel via an intratemporal route. The recovery from facial nerve palsy was evaluated at 8 weeks postoperatively based on eyelid closure, complete recovery rate, electroneurography and number of axons found on the facial nerve. IGF-1 treatment resulted in significant improvement in the changes of the degree of eyelid closure over the total time period and complete recovery rate. A separate study showed that IGF-1 receptor mRNA was expressed in facial nerves up to 14 days after the nerve-clamping procedure. IGF-1 was thus found to be effective in the treatment of peripheral facial nerve palsy when topically applied using a sustained-release gelatin-based hydrogel via an intratemporal route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoyasu Sugiyama
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata-shi, Yamagata, 990-9585, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Ito
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata-shi, Yamagata, 990-9585, Japan
| | - Takatoshi Furukawa
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata-shi, Yamagata, 990-9585, Japan
| | - Atsushi Hirayama
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-15 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Seiji Kakehata
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata-shi, Yamagata, 990-9585, Japan.
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29
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Goto K, Naito K, Nakamura S, Nagura N, Sugiyama Y, Obata H, Kaneko A, Kaneko K. Protective mechanism against age-associated changes in the peripheral nerves. Life Sci 2020; 253:117744. [PMID: 32371065 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Senescence is the normal decline in physiological functions due to aging that results in cell dysfunction. However, age-associated changes in peripheral nerves have not been elucidated. We observed histological changes in the sciatic nerves of young and older mice to investigate how peripheral nerves changed with age, and we evaluated protective mechanisms of peripheral nerves against aging. MAIN METHODS Sciatic nerves were collected from female C57BL/6 mice at the ages of 8 weeks (young group) and 78 weeks (aged group) and examined histologically. Using hematoxylin and eosin staining, the number and density of sciatic nerve axons were evaluated. Through immunofluorescence staining, the expression of nerve-specific proteins, oxidative stress markers, and a neuronal aging marker (REST/NRSF) were investigated, and the intensity of fluorescence was quantified. The differences between the groups were assessed, and age-associated peripheral nerve changes were evaluated. Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney U test. KEY FINDINGS Although the number and density of axons did not differ significantly between the groups, they were lower in the aged group than in the young group. In addition, the fluorescence intensity of each marker did not differ significantly between the groups, but the expression of REST/NRSF alone was significantly higher in the aged group than in the young group (p < 0.05). SIGNIFICANCE This study suggested that peripheral nerve functions are preserved by the expression of REST/NRSF, which increases with age. Because oxidative stress did not change, the protective effects of REST/NRSF are considered to be related to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Goto
- Department of Orthopaedics, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Kiyohito Naito
- Department of Orthopaedics, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan.
| | - Shinji Nakamura
- Laboratory of Morphology and Image Analysis, Research Support Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Nana Nagura
- Department of Orthopaedics, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Yoichi Sugiyama
- Department of Orthopaedics, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Obata
- Department of Orthopaedics, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Ayaka Kaneko
- Department of Orthopaedics, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Kazuo Kaneko
- Department of Orthopaedics, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
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30
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Restoration of Neurological Function Following Peripheral Nerve Trauma. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051808. [PMID: 32155716 PMCID: PMC7084579 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Following peripheral nerve trauma that damages a length of the nerve, recovery of function is generally limited. This is because no material tested for bridging nerve gaps promotes good axon regeneration across the gap under conditions associated with common nerve traumas. While many materials have been tested, sensory nerve grafts remain the clinical “gold standard” technique. This is despite the significant limitations in the conditions under which they restore function. Thus, they induce reliable and good recovery only for patients < 25 years old, when gaps are <2 cm in length, and when repairs are performed <2–3 months post trauma. Repairs performed when these values are larger result in a precipitous decrease in neurological recovery. Further, when patients have more than one parameter larger than these values, there is normally no functional recovery. Clinically, there has been little progress in developing new techniques that increase the level of functional recovery following peripheral nerve injury. This paper examines the efficacies and limitations of sensory nerve grafts and various other techniques used to induce functional neurological recovery, and how these might be improved to induce more extensive functional recovery. It also discusses preliminary data from the clinical application of a novel technique that restores neurological function across long nerve gaps, when repairs are performed at long times post-trauma, and in older patients, even under all three of these conditions. Thus, it appears that function can be restored under conditions where sensory nerve grafts are not effective.
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31
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Ma L, Pan L, Liu W, Liu Y, Xiang X, Pan Y, Zhang X, Jin L. Agrin Influences Botulinum Neurotoxin A-Induced Nerve Sprouting via miR-144-agrin-MuSK Signaling. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:15. [PMID: 32083076 PMCID: PMC7003618 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) has become a powerful therapeutic tool, and is extensively used in aesthetic medicine and in the treatment of neurological disorders. However, its duration of effect is limited, mainly owing to nerve sprouting. Inhibition of nerve sprouting to prolong the effective duration of BoNT is therefore of great clinical interest. However, appropriate interventional strategies to accomplish this are currently unavailable. In this study, we determined the role of the neurogenic regulator agrin in BoNT type A (BoNT/A)-induced nerve sprouting in a rat model. We then determined whether agrin could be used as an interventional target for prolonging the duration of effect of BoNT/A, and made a preliminary study of the upstream and downstream regulatory mechanisms by which agrin could influence the effective duration of BoNT/A. Our results showed that agrin was involved in the regulation of BoNT/A-induced nerve sprouting, and blocking of agrin function with anti-agrin antibody temporarily could delay muscle strength recovery and prolong the duration of BoNT/A effect. Moreover, agrin influenced the duration of BoNT/A effect by regulating downstream myogenic muscle-specific receptor tyrosine kinase (MuSK), and was simultaneously regulated by upstream miR-144. In conclusion, agrin could regulate BoNT/A-induced nerve sprouting through miR-144-agrin-MuSK signaling; it influences the effective duration of BoNT/A, and could find clinical application as an interventional target for prolonging the effect of BoNT/A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Ma
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Neurotoxin Research Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Shanghai, China
| | - Lizhen Pan
- Neurotoxin Research Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Shanghai, China.,Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wuchao Liu
- Neurotoxin Research Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Shanghai, China.,Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuerui Xiang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yougui Pan
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingjing Jin
- Neurotoxin Research Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Shanghai, China.,Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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32
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Roberston MJ, Raghunathan S, Potaman VN, Zhang F, Stewart MD, McConnell BK, Schwartz RJ. CRISPR-Cas9-induced IGF1 gene activation as a tool for enhancing muscle differentiation via multiple isoform expression. FASEB J 2020; 34:555-570. [PMID: 31914652 PMCID: PMC6956731 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901107rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Muscle wasting, or muscle atrophy, can occur with age, injury, and disease; it affects the quality of life and complicates treatment. Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) is a key positive regulator of muscle mass. The IGF1/Igf1 gene encodes multiple protein isoforms that differ in tissue expression, potency, and function, particularly in cellular proliferation and differentiation, as well as in systemic versus localized signaling. Genome engineering is a novel strategy for increasing gene expression and has the potential to recapitulate the diverse biology seen in IGF1 signaling through the overexpression of multiple IGF1 isoforms. Using a CRISPR-Cas9 gene activation approach, we showed that the expression of multiple IGF1 or Igf1 mRNA variants can be increased in human and mouse skeletal muscle myoblast cell lines using a single-guide RNA (sgRNA). We found increased IGF1 protein levels in the cell culture media and increased cellular phosphorylation of AKT1, the main effector of IGF1 signaling. We also showed that the expression of Class 1 or Class 2 mRNA variants can be selectively increased by changing the sgRNA target location. The expression of multiple IGF1 or Igf1 mRNA transcript variants in human and mouse skeletal muscle myoblasts promoted myotube differentiation and prevented dexamethasone-induced atrophy in myotubes in vitro. Our findings suggest that this novel approach for enhancing IGF1 signaling has potential therapeutic applications for treating skeletal muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Roberston
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Advanced Technology Core, Alkek Center for Molecular Discovery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Scientific Stem Cell, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Suchi Raghunathan
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204-5037, USA
| | | | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204-5037, USA
| | - M. David Stewart
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204-5001, USA
| | - Bradley K. McConnell
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204-5037, USA
| | - Robert J. Schwartz
- Scientific Stem Cell, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204-5001, USA
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Ulapane KR, Kopec BM, Siahaan TJ. In Vivo Brain Delivery and Brain Deposition of Proteins with Various Sizes. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:4878-4889. [PMID: 31664837 PMCID: PMC8554818 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
It is very challenging to develop protein drugs for the treatment of brain diseases; this is due to the difficulty in delivering them into the brain because of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Thus, alternative delivery methods need further exploration for brain delivery of proteins to diagnose and treat brain diseases. Previously, ADTC5 and HAV6 peptides have been shown to enhance the in vivo brain delivery of small- and medium-size molecules across the BBB. This study was carried out to evaluate the ability of ADTC5 and HAV6 peptides to enhance delivery of proteins of various sizes, such as 15 kDa lysozyme, 65 kDa albumin, 150 kDa IgG mAb, and 220 kDa fibronectin, into the brains of C57BL/6 mice. Each protein was labeled with IRdye800CW, and a quantitative method using near IR fluorescence (NIRF) imaging was developed to determine the amount of protein delivered into the brain. ADTC5 peptide significantly enhanced brain delivery of lysozyme, albumin, and IgG mAb but not fibronectin compared to controls. In contrast, HAV6 peptide significantly enhanced the brain delivery of lysozyme but not albumin and IgG mAb. Thus, there is a cutoff size of proteins that can be delivered by each peptide. The distribution of delivered protein in other organs such as liver, spleen, lung, kidney, and heart could be influenced by HAV6 and ADTC5. In summary, ADTC5 is a better BBB modulator than HAV6 in delivering various sizes of proteins into the brain, and the size of the protein affects its brain delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavisha R Ulapane
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, 2095 Constant Avenue, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
| | - Brian M Kopec
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, 2095 Constant Avenue, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
| | - Teruna J Siahaan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, 2095 Constant Avenue, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
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González Porto SA, Domenech N, Blanco FJ, Centeno Cortés A, Rivadulla Fernández C, Álvarez Jorge Á, Sánchez Ibáñez J, Rendal Vázquez E. Intraneural IFG-1 in Cryopreserved Nerve Isografts Increase Neural Regeneration and Functional Recovery in the Rat Sciatic Nerve. Neurosurgery 2019; 85:423-431. [PMID: 30060164 DOI: 10.1093/neuros/nyy339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) was found to stimulate Schwann cell mitosis. Exogenous IGF-1 may improve nerve regeneration after cryopreservation. OBJECTIVE To evaulate the effect of intraneural administration of IGF-1 in cryopreserved nerve isografts. METHODS Eighteen millimeter grafts were used for bridging an 18-mm defect in the rat sciatic nerve. A total of 57 rats were randomly divided into three groups: (1) autograft (Group 1); (2) cryopreserved isograft (Group 2); (3) cryopreserved isograft with intraneural IGF-1 administration (Group 3). 12 weeks after surgery, functional recovery (Sciatic functional index [SFI], Swing speed [SS], nerve conduction velocity [NCV], amplitude of compound motor action potentials [CMAP], and gastrocnemius muscle index [GMI]) and nerve regeneration (myelin sheath area, total fiber counts, fiber density, and fiber width) were all evaluated. RESULTS The intraneural injection of IGF-1 significantly improved SFI and SS at weeks 10 and 12. There were no statistical differences between Groups 1 and 3 in any of the SFI or SS evaluations. CMAP and NCV in Group 1 were significantly higher than in Groups 2 and 3, and Group 3 had significantly higher CMAP and NCV compared to Group 2. No significant differences were found in fiber width. The number of nerve fibers, percentage of myelinated fibers, fiber density, and GMI was significantly higher in Group 1 compared to Group 2, but no significant differences were found between Groups 1 and 3. CONCLUSION The results show that intraneural injection of IGF-1 in an 18 mm cryopreserved isograft improve axonal regeneration and functional recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nieves Domenech
- Biobanco A Coruña, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Servicio Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), A Coruña, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco J Blanco
- Grupo de Investigación de Proteómica-PBR2-ProteoRed/ISCIII-Servicio de Reumatología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Servicio Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), Universidade da Coruña (UDC), A Coruña, Spain
| | - Alberto Centeno Cortés
- Centro Tecnológico de Formación XXIAC, Instituto de Investigacións Biomédicas de A Coruña (INIBIC), Servicio Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), A Coruña, Spain
| | - Casto Rivadulla Fernández
- Grupo de Neurociencia e Control Motor, NEUROcom, Facultade de Ciencias da Saúde, Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Fisioterapia e Medicina, Instituto de Investigacións Biomédicas de A Coruña (INIBIC), A Coruña, Spain
| | - Ángel Álvarez Jorge
- Servicio de Cirugía Plástica, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Servicio Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), A Coruña, Spain
| | - Jacinto Sánchez Ibáñez
- Unidad de Criobiología, Banco de Tejidos, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Servicio Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), A Coruña, Spain
| | - Esther Rendal Vázquez
- Unidad de Criobiología, Banco de Tejidos, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Servicio Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), A Coruña, Spain
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Chen WA, Luo TD, Barnwell JC, Smith TL, Li Z. Age-Dependent Schwann Cell Phenotype Regulation Following Peripheral Nerve Injury. J Hand Surg Asian Pac Vol 2019; 22:464-471. [PMID: 29117831 DOI: 10.1142/s0218810417500514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schwann cells are integral to the regenerative capacity of the peripheral nervous system, which declines after adolescence. The mechanisms underlying this decline are poorly understood. This study sought to compare the protein expression of Notch, c-Jun, and Krox-20 after nerve crush injury in adolescent and young adult rats. We hypothesized that these Schwann cell myelinating regulatory factors are down-regulated after nerve injury in an age-dependent fashion. METHODS Adolescent (2 months old) and young adult (12 months old) rats (n = 48) underwent sciatic nerve crush injury. Protein expression of Notch, c-Jun, and Krox-20 was quantified by Western blot analysis at 1, 3, and 7 days post-injury. Functional recovery was assessed in a separate group of animals (n = 8) by gait analysis (sciatic functional index) and electromyography (compound motor action potential) over an 8-week post-injury period. RESULTS Young adult rats demonstrated a trend of delayed onset of the dedifferentiating regulatory factors, Notch and c-Jun, corresponding to the delayed functional recovery observed in young adult rats compared to adolescent rats. Compound motor action potential area was significantly greater in adolescent rats relative to young adult rats, while amplitude and velocity trended toward statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS The process of Schwann cell dedifferentiation following peripheral nerve injury shows different trends with age. These trends of delayed onset of key regulatory factors responsible for Schwann cell myelination may be one of many possible factors mediating the significant differences in functional recovery between adolescent and young adult rats following peripheral nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayne A Chen
- 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Medical Center Boulevard, NC, USA
| | - T David Luo
- 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Medical Center Boulevard, NC, USA
| | - Jonathan C Barnwell
- 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Medical Center Boulevard, NC, USA
| | - Thomas L Smith
- 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Medical Center Boulevard, NC, USA
| | - Zhongyu Li
- 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Medical Center Boulevard, NC, USA
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Ueha R, Kondo K, Ueha S, Yamasoba T. Dose-Dependent Effects of Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 in the Aged Olfactory Epithelium. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:385. [PMID: 30515092 PMCID: PMC6256067 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Olfaction is known to be impaired by aging. We hypothesized that insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) administered at an appropriate dose could prevent age-induced negative effects on olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). We explored the effects of low- and high-dose administration of IGF-1 on the ORN cell system in aged mice and investigated the involvement of the cellular mechanisms of IGF-1 in the regeneration of ORNs in aged mice. Methods: We subcutaneously administered recombinant human IGF-1 (rhIGF-1) to 16-month-old male mice over 56 days, and then examined the histological effects of rhGF-1 on cellular composition, cell proliferation, and cell death in the aged olfactory epithelium (OE), by comparing among saline-treated and low- and high-dose rhIGF-1-treated mice. Results: Low-dose rhIGF-1 administration increased the numbers of olfactory progenitors, immature ORNs, and mature ORNs in the OE, despite an increase in Cas3+ apoptotic cells. Notably, high-dose rhIGF-1 administration increased the numbers of only immature ORNs, not olfactory progenitors and mature ORNs, with a concurrent increase in apoptotic cells. Conclusion: Our data suggest that in aged mice, IGF-1 administered at an appropriate dose could increase the number of mature ORNs and further human studies may contribute to the development of treatments for aging-related olfactory impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rumi Ueha
- Department of Otolaryngology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Kondo
- Department of Otolaryngology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ueha
- Division of Molecular Regulation of Inflammatory and Immune Diseases Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Yamasoba
- Department of Otolaryngology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Sajer S, Guardiero GS, Scicchitano BM. Myokines in Home-Based Functional Electrical Stimulation-Induced Recovery of Skeletal Muscle in Elderly and Permanent Denervation. Eur J Transl Myol 2018; 28:7905. [PMID: 30662701 PMCID: PMC6317133 DOI: 10.4081/ejtm.2018.7905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuromuscular disorders, disuse, inadequate nutrition, metabolic diseases, cancer and aging produce muscle atrophy and this implies that there are different types of molecular triggers and signaling pathways for muscle wasting. Exercise and muscle contractions may counteract muscle atrophy by releasing a group of peptides, termed myokines, to protect the functionality and to enhance the exercise capacity of skeletal muscle. In this review, we are looking at the role of myokines in the recovery of permanent denervated and elderly skeletal muscle tissue. Since sub-clinical denervation events contribute to both atrophy and the decreased contractile speed of aged muscle, we saw a parallel to spinal cord injury and decided to look at both groups together. The muscle from lifelong active seniors has more muscle bulk and more slow fiber-type groupings than those of sedentary seniors, demonstrating that physical activity maintains slow motoneurons that reinnervate the transiently denervated muscle fibers. Furthermore, we summarized the evidence that muscle degeneration occur with irreversible Conus and Cauda Equina syndrome, a spinal cord injury in which the human leg muscles may be permanently disconnected from the peripheral nervous system. In these patients, suffering with an estreme case of muscle disuse, a complete loss of muscle fibers occurs within five to ten years after injury. Their recovered tetanic contractility, induced by home-based Functional Electrical Stimulation, can restore the muscle size and function in compliant Spinal Cord Injury patients, allowing them to perform electrical stimulation-supported stand-up training. Myokines are produced and released by muscle fibers under contraction and exert both local and systemic effects. Changes in patterns of myokine secretion, particularly of IGF-1 isoforms, occur in long-term Spinal Cord Injury persons and also in very aged people. Their modulation in Spinal Cord Injury and late aging are also key factors of home-based Functional Electrical Stimulation - mediated muscle recovery. Thus, Functional Electrical Stimulation should be prescribed in critical care units and nursing facilities, if persons are unable or reluctant to exercise. This will result in less frequent hospitalizations and a reduced burden on patients' families and public health services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha Sajer
- Department of Physiko&Rheuma-Therapie, Institute for Physical Medicine, St. Pölten, Austria
| | - Giulio Sauro Guardiero
- A&C M-C Foundation for Translational Myology, Padova, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Centre of Myology, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Bianca Maria Scicchitano
- Istituto di Istologia ed Embriologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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38
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Infante JC. Nanoparticle-Based Systems for Delivery of Protein Therapeutics to the Spinal Cord. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:484. [PMID: 30072866 PMCID: PMC6060369 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that delivery of protein therapeutics to the spinal cord may promote functional axon regeneration, providing a pathway for recovery of certain motor skills. The timeframe for delivery of protein therapeutics, however, must be modulated to prevent bulk release of the therapeutics and minimize the frequency of implantations. This perspective examines both affinity-based and nanoparticle-based strategies for delivery of neurotrophic factors (NFs) to the spinal cord in an effective, safe, and tunable manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan C Infante
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard College, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
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Pioglitazone's beneficial effects on erectile function preservation after cavernosal nerve injury in the rat are negated by inhibition of the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor: a preclinical study. Int J Impot Res 2018; 31:1-8. [PMID: 30072768 DOI: 10.1038/s41443-018-0054-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
To determine if the insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) pathway is involved in the improvement in erectile function recovery in rats after nerve crush injury treated with pioglitazone (Pio). Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups. The first group received sham operation (n = 5). The second group underwent bilateral cavernous nerve injury (BCNI, n = 7). The third group received BCNI and Pio treatment (BCNI + Pio, n = 7), whereas the fourth group underwent BCNI with Pio treatment and IGF-1 inhibition (BCNI + Pio + JB-1, n = 7). The IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) was inhibited by JB-1, a small molecular antagonist of the receptor. After 14 days of treatment, erectile function was measured via intracorporal pressure normalized to mean arterial pressure (ICP/MAP) and the major pelvic ganglion and cavernous nerve harvested for western blot and immunohistochemistry (IHC) of phosphorylated-IGF-1Rβ (p-IGF-1Rβ), phosphorylated-ERK1/2 (p-ERK1/2), and neuronal NOS (nNOS). BCNI + Pio animals exhibited improvements in ICP/MAP, similar to Sham animals, and BCNI + Pio + JB-1 rats demonstrated a reduced ICP/MAP similar to BCNI-only rats at all measured voltages. Western blot results showed upregulation of p-IGF-1Rβ was observed in the BCNI + Pio group. Low levels of p-ERK1/2 were seen in the JB-1-treated animals. The immunoblot results were supported by IHC findings. Intense IHC staining of nNOS was detected in the BCNI + Pio group. The group treated with JB-1 showed minimal protein expression of p-ERK1/2, nNOS, and p-IGF-1Rβ. Pio improves erectile function in rats undergoing BCNI via an IGF-1-mediated pathway.
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Wójcik M, Krawczyńska A, Antushevich H, Herman AP. Post-Receptor Inhibitors of the GHR-JAK2-STAT Pathway in the Growth Hormone Signal Transduction. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E1843. [PMID: 29932147 PMCID: PMC6073700 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19071843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The growth hormone (GH) plays a key role in the regulation of metabolic processes in an organism. Determination of the correct structure and functioning of the growth hormone receptor (GHR) allowed for a more detailed research of its post-receptor regulators, which substantially influences its signal transduction. This review is focused on the description of the post-receptor inhibitors of the GHR-JAK2-STAT pathway, which is one of the most important pathways in the transduction of the somatotropic axis signal. The aim of this review is the short characterization of the main post-receptor inhibitors, such as: cytokine-inducible SH2-containing protein (CIS), Suppressors of Cytokine Signaling (SOCS) 1, 2 and 3, sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), protein inhibitors of activated STAT (PIAS) 1, 3 and PIAS4, protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTP) 1B and H1, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain containing protein tyrosine phosphatase (SHP) 1, 2 and signal regulatory protein (SIRP) α1. The equilibrium between these regulators activity and inhibition is of special concern because, as many studies showed, even slight imbalance may disrupt the GH activity causing serious diseases. The regulation of the described inhibitors expression and activity may be a point of interest for pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Wójcik
- The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Instytucka 3, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland.
| | - Agata Krawczyńska
- The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Instytucka 3, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland.
| | - Hanna Antushevich
- The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Instytucka 3, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland.
| | - Andrzej Przemysław Herman
- The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Instytucka 3, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland.
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Matsuoka H, Ebina K, Tanaka H, Hirao M, Iwahashi T, Noguchi T, Suzuki K, Nishimoto S, Murase T, Yoshikawa H. Administration of Oxygen Ultra-Fine Bubbles Improves Nerve Dysfunction in a Rat Sciatic Nerve Crush Injury Model. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051395. [PMID: 29735961 PMCID: PMC5983615 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultra-fine bubbles (<200 nm in diameter) have several unique properties and have been tested in various medical fields. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of oxygen ultra-fine bubbles (OUBs) on a sciatic nerve crush injury (SNC) model rats. Rats were intraperitoneally injected with 1.5 mL saline, OUBs diluted in saline, or nitrogen ultra-fine bubbles (NUBs) diluted in saline three times per week for 4 weeks in four groups: (1) control, (sham operation + saline); (2) SNC, (crush + saline); (3) SNC+OUB, (crush + OUB-saline); (4) SNC+NUB, (crush + NUB-saline). The effects of the OUBs on dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons and Schwann cells (SCs) were examined by serial dilution of OUB medium in vitro. Sciatic functional index, paw withdrawal thresholds, nerve conduction velocity, and myelinated axons were significantly decreased in the SNC group compared to the control group; these parameters were significantly improved in the SNC+OUB group, although NUB treatment did not affect these parameters. In vitro, OUBs significantly promoted neurite outgrowth in DRG neurons by activating AKT signaling and SC proliferation by activating ERK1/2 and JNK/c-JUN signaling. OUBs may improve nerve dysfunction in SNC rats by promoting neurite outgrowth in DRG neurons and SC proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hozo Matsuoka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Kosuke Ebina
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Tanaka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Makoto Hirao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Toru Iwahashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Takaaki Noguchi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National Hospital Organization, Osaka Minami Medical Center, 2-1 Kidohigashi, Kawachinagano 586-8521, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Koji Suzuki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kansai Rosai Hospital, 3-1-69, Inabaso, Amagasaki 660-0064, Hyogo, Japan.
| | - Shunsuke Nishimoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kansai Rosai Hospital, 3-1-69, Inabaso, Amagasaki 660-0064, Hyogo, Japan.
| | - Tsuyoshi Murase
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Hideki Yoshikawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan.
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Rebowe R, Rogers A, Yang X, Kundu SC, Smith TL, Li Z. Nerve Repair with Nerve Conduits: Problems, Solutions, and Future Directions. J Hand Microsurg 2018; 10:61-65. [PMID: 30154617 DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1626687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Nerve conduits are becoming increasingly popular for the repair of peripheral nerve injuries. Their ease of application and lack of donor site morbidity make them an attractive option for nerve repair in many situations. Today, there are many different conduits to choose in different sizes and materials, giving the reconstructive surgeon many options for any given clinical problem. However, to properly utilize these unique reconstructive tools, the peripheral nerve surgeon must be familiar not only with their standard indications but also with their functional limitations. In this review, the authors identify the common applications of nerve conduits, expected results, and shortcomings of current techniques. Furthermore, future directions for nerve conduit use are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Rebowe
- Department of Orthopaedics, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston Salem, North Carolina, United States
| | - Ashley Rogers
- Department of Orthopaedics, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston Salem, North Carolina, United States
| | - Xuebin Yang
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - S C Kundu
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Thomas L Smith
- Department of Orthopaedics, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston Salem, North Carolina, United States
| | - Zhongyu Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston Salem, North Carolina, United States
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Dam DHM, Paller AS. Gangliosides in Diabetic Wound Healing. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2018; 156:229-239. [PMID: 29747815 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
An organized series of complicated biological and molecular phenomena is required for normal skin wound healing. These processes depend on normal cellular responses to cytokines, growth factors, and other mediators, such as clotting factors, prostaglandins, free radicals, and nitric oxide. In diabetic ulcers, impaired responses to these molecules lead to abnormalities in vascularization, innervation, matrix reconstruction, and reepithelialization of wounds. keratinocyte migration and proliferation on an extracellular matrix is critical in reepithelialization, but the response to growth factors is blunted in diabetes, including the insulin/IGF-1signaling axis. Ganglioside GM3, a sialylated epidermal glycosphingolipid, has been identified as a key mediator of the inhibition of insulin/IGF-1 signaling in response to factors, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and hyperglycemia. Decreased expression of GM3 and the enzyme required for its synthesis, GM3 synthase (GM3S), leads to increased insulin/IGF-1 receptor signaling and accelerated keratinocyte migration, even in the presence of high glucose levels. GM3 depletion in GM3S knockout diabetic mice and diet-induced diabetic mice treated topically with nanoconstruct-mediated GM3S-targeting gene regulation also accelerates wound healing. These recent observations, coupled with evidence that GM3 depletion reverses distal innervation abnormalities in diabetic mice, suggest that GM3-depleting strategies are a promising new approach for human diabetic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amy S Paller
- Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States.
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44
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Yan H, Zhong L, Jiang Y, Yang J, Deng J, Wei S, Opara E, Atala A, Mao X, Damaser MS, Zhang Y. Controlled release of insulin-like growth factor 1 enhances urethral sphincter function and histological structure in the treatment of female stress urinary incontinence in a rat model. BJU Int 2017; 121:301-312. [PMID: 28805303 DOI: 10.1111/bju.13985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the effects of controlled release of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) from alginate-poly-L-ornithine-gelatine (A-PLO-G) microbeads on external urethral sphincter (EUS) tissue regeneration in a rat model of stress urinary incontinence (SUI), as SUI diminishes the quality of life of millions, particularly women who have delivered vaginally, which can injure the urethral sphincter. Despite several well-established treatments for SUI, growth factor therapy might provide an alternative to promote urethral sphincter repair. MATERIALS AND METHODS In all, 44 female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomised into four groups: vaginal distension (VD) followed by periurethral injection of IGF-1-A-PLO-G microbeads (VD + IGF-1 microbeads; 1 × 104 microbeads/1 mL normal saline); VD + empty microbeads; VD + saline; or sham-VD + saline (sham). RESULTS Urethral function (leak-point pressure, LPP) was significantly lesser 1 week after VD + saline [mean (sem) 23.9 (1.3) cmH2 O] or VD + empty microbeads [mean (sem) 21.7 (0.8) cmH2 O) compared to the sham group [mean (sem) 44.4 (3.4) cmH2 O; P < 0.05), indicating that the microbeads themselves do not create a bulking or obstructive effect in the urethra. The LPP was significantly higher 1 week after VD + IGF-1 microbeads [mean (sem) 28.4 (1.2) cmH2 O] compared to VD + empty microbeads (P < 0.05), and was not significantly different from the LPP in sham rats, demonstrating an initiation of a reparative effect even at 1 week after VD. Histological analysis showed well-organised skeletal muscle fibres and vascular development in the EUS at 1 week after VD + IGF-1 microbeads, compared to substantial muscle fibre attenuation and disorganisation, and less vascular formation at 1 week after VD + saline or VD + empty microbeads. CONCLUSION Periurethral administration of IGF-1-A-PLO-G microbeads facilitates recovery from SUI by promoting skeletal myogenesis and revascularisation. This therapy is promising, but detailed and longer term studies in animal models and humans are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yan
- Biomedical Engineering Department of the Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Urology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Liren Zhong
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.,Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaodong Jiang
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.,Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Junhong Deng
- Department of Andrology, The First People's Hospital of Guangzhou, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shicheng Wei
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Emmanuel Opara
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Anthony Atala
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Xiangming Mao
- Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Margot S Damaser
- Biomedical Engineering Department of the Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA.,The Advanced Platform Technology Center of the Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
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Metineren H, Dülgeroğlu TC, Metineren MH. Trombositten zengin Fibrinin periferik sinir iyileşmesi üzerindeki histopatolojik etkileri. DICLE MEDICAL JOURNAL 2017. [DOI: 10.5798/dicletip.338997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Lotti F, Ranieri F, Vadalà G, Zollo L, Di Pino G. Invasive Intraneural Interfaces: Foreign Body Reaction Issues. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:497. [PMID: 28932181 PMCID: PMC5592213 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Intraneural interfaces are stimulation/registration devices designed to couple the peripheral nervous system (PNS) with the environment. Over the last years, their use has increased in a wide range of applications, such as the control of a new generation of neural-interfaced prostheses. At present, the success of this technology is limited by an electrical impedance increase, due to an inflammatory response called foreign body reaction (FBR), which leads to the formation of a fibrotic tissue around the interface, eventually causing an inefficient transduction of the electrical signal. Based on recent developments in biomaterials and inflammatory/fibrotic pathologies, we explore and select the biological solutions that might be adopted in the neural interfaces FBR context: modifications of the interface surface, such as organic and synthetic coatings; the use of specific drugs or molecular biology tools to target the microenvironment around the interface; the development of bio-engineered-scaffold to reduce immune response and promote interface-tissue integration. By linking what we believe are the major crucial steps of the FBR process with related solutions, we point out the main issues that future research has to focus on: biocompatibility without losing signal conduction properties, good reproducible in vitro/in vivo models, drugs exhaustion and undesired side effects. The underlined pros and cons of proposed solutions show clearly the importance of a better understanding of all the molecular and cellular pathways involved and the need of a multi-target action based on a bio-engineered combination approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiorenza Lotti
- NeXT: Neurophysiology and Neuroengineering of Human-Technology Interaction Research Unit, Università Campus Bio-MedicoRome, Italy.,Research Unit of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Università Campus Bio-MedicoRome, Italy
| | - Federico Ranieri
- NeXT: Neurophysiology and Neuroengineering of Human-Technology Interaction Research Unit, Università Campus Bio-MedicoRome, Italy.,Fondazione Alberto Sordi-Research Institute for AgingRome, Italy.,Research Unit of Neurology, Neurophysiology and Neurobiology, Università Campus Bio-MedicoRome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Vadalà
- Research Unit of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Università Campus Bio-MedicoRome, Italy
| | - Loredana Zollo
- Research Unit of Biomedical Robotics and Biomicrosystems, Università Campus Bio-MedicoRome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Di Pino
- NeXT: Neurophysiology and Neuroengineering of Human-Technology Interaction Research Unit, Università Campus Bio-MedicoRome, Italy.,Research Unit of Neurology, Neurophysiology and Neurobiology, Università Campus Bio-MedicoRome, Italy
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Carraro U, Kern H, Gava P, Hofer C, Loefler S, Gargiulo P, Edmunds K, Árnadóttir ÍD, Zampieri S, Ravara B, Gava F, Nori A, Gobbo V, Masiero S, Marcante A, Baba A, Piccione F, Schils S, Pond A, Mosole S. Recovery from muscle weakness by exercise and FES: lessons from Masters, active or sedentary seniors and SCI patients. Aging Clin Exp Res 2017; 29:579-590. [PMID: 27592133 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-016-0619-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Many factors contribute to the decline of skeletal muscle that occurs as we age. This is a reality that we may combat, but not prevent because it is written into our genome. The series of records from World Master Athletes reveals that skeletal muscle power begins to decline at the age of 30 years and continues, almost linearly, to zero at the age of 110 years. Here we discuss evidence that denervation contributes to the atrophy and slowness of aged muscle. We compared muscle from lifelong active seniors to that of sedentary elderly people and found that the sportsmen have more muscle bulk and slow fiber type groupings, providing evidence that physical activity maintains slow motoneurons which reinnervate muscle fibers. Further, accelerated muscle atrophy/degeneration occurs with irreversible Conus and Cauda Equina syndrome, a spinal cord injury in which the human leg muscles may be permanently disconnected from the nervous system with complete loss of muscle fibers within 5-8 years. We used histological morphometry and Muscle Color Computed Tomography to evaluate muscle from these peculiar persons and reveal that contraction produced by home-based Functional Electrical Stimulation (h-bFES) recovers muscle size and function which is reversed if h-bFES is discontinued. FES also reverses muscle atrophy in sedentary seniors and modulates mitochondria in horse muscles. All together these observations indicate that FES modifies muscle fibers by increasing contractions per day. Thus, FES should be considered in critical care units, rehabilitation centers and nursing facilities when patients are unable or reluctant to exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugo Carraro
- IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale San Camillo, Venice, Italy
| | - Helmut Kern
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Electrical Stimulation and Physical Rehabilitation, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Wilhelminenspital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Paolo Gava
- Laboratory of Translational Myology of the Interdepartmental Research Center of Myology, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - Christian Hofer
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Electrical Stimulation and Physical Rehabilitation, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Loefler
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Electrical Stimulation and Physical Rehabilitation, Vienna, Austria
| | - Paolo Gargiulo
- Institute for Biomedical and Neural Engineering, Reykjavík, Iceland
- Landspítali, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Kyle Edmunds
- Institute for Biomedical and Neural Engineering, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | | | - Sandra Zampieri
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Electrical Stimulation and Physical Rehabilitation, Vienna, Austria
- Laboratory of Translational Myology of the Interdepartmental Research Center of Myology, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - Barbara Ravara
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Electrical Stimulation and Physical Rehabilitation, Vienna, Austria
- Laboratory of Translational Myology of the Interdepartmental Research Center of Myology, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - Francesco Gava
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Electrical Stimulation and Physical Rehabilitation, Vienna, Austria
- Laboratory of Translational Myology of the Interdepartmental Research Center of Myology, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - Alessandra Nori
- Laboratory of Translational Myology of the Interdepartmental Research Center of Myology, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - Valerio Gobbo
- Department of Biomedical Science, C.N.R. Institute of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Stefano Masiero
- Rehabilitation Unit, Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Alfonc Baba
- IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale San Camillo, Venice, Italy
| | | | | | - Amber Pond
- Anatomy Department, Southern Illinois University, School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL, USA
| | - Simone Mosole
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Electrical Stimulation and Physical Rehabilitation, Vienna, Austria.
- Laboratory of Translational Myology of the Interdepartmental Research Center of Myology, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padua, Italy.
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McLoon LK, Christiansen SP, Ghose GM, Das VE, Mustari MJ. Improvement of Eye Alignment in Adult Strabismic Monkeys by Sustained IGF-1 Treatment. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2017; 57:6070-6078. [PMID: 27820875 PMCID: PMC5114034 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.16-19739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The goal of this study was to determine if continuous application of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) could improve eye alignment of adult strabismic nonhuman primates and to assess possible mechanisms of effect. Methods A continuous release pellet of IGF-1 was placed on one medial rectus muscle in two adult nonhuman primates (M1, M2) rendered exotropic by the alternating monocular occlusion method during the first months of life. Eye alignment and eye movements were recorded for 3 months, after which M1 was euthanized, and the lateral and medial rectus muscles were removed for morphometric analysis of fiber size, nerve, and neuromuscular density. Results Monkey 1 showed a 40% reduction in strabismus angle, a reduction of exotropia of approximately 11° to 14° after 3 months. Monkey 2 showed a 15% improvement, with a reduction of its exotropia by approximately 3°. The treated medial rectus muscle of M1 showed increased mean myofiber cross-sectional areas. Increases in myofiber size also were seen in the contralateral medial rectus and lateral rectus muscles. Similarly, nerve density increased in the contralateral medial rectus and yoked lateral rectus. Conclusions This study demonstrates that in adult nonhuman primates with a sensory-induced exotropia in infancy, continuous IGF-1 treatment improves eye alignment, resulting in muscle fiber enlargement and altered innervational density that includes the untreated muscles. This supports the view that there is sufficient plasticity in the adult ocular motor system to allow continuous IGF-1 treatment over months to produce improvement in eye alignment in early-onset strabismus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda K McLoon
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States 2Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
| | - Stephen P Christiansen
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Pediatrics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Geoffrey M Ghose
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
| | - Vallabh E Das
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Michael J Mustari
- Washington National Primate Center and Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
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Ibrahim SE, Hussein A. New role for insulin injection in the treatment of idiopathic carpal tunnel syndrome. EGYPTIAN RHEUMATOLOGY AND REHABILITATION 2016. [DOI: 10.4103/1110-161x.192256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
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50
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Luo TD, Alton TB, Apel PJ, Cai J, Barnwell JC, Sonntag WE, Smith TL, Li Z. Effects of age and insulin-like growth factor-1 on rat neurotrophin receptor expression after nerve injury. Muscle Nerve 2016; 54:769-75. [PMID: 26970089 DOI: 10.1002/mus.25106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neurotrophin receptors, such as p75(NTR) , direct neuronal response to injury. Insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) mediates the increase in p75(NTR) during aging. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of aging and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) treatment on recovery after peripheral nerve injury. METHODS Young and aged rats underwent tibial nerve transection with either local saline or IGF-1 treatment. Neurotrophin receptor mRNA and protein expression were quantified. RESULTS Aged rats expressed elevated baseline IGF-1R (34% higher, P = 0.01) and p75(NTR) (68% higher, P < 0.01) compared with young rats. Post-injury, aged animals expressed significantly higher p75(NTR) levels (68.5% above baseline at 4 weeks). IGF-1 treatment suppressed p75(NTR) gene expression at 4 weeks (17.2% above baseline, P = 0.002) post-injury. CONCLUSIONS Local IGF-1 treatment reverses age-related declines in recovery after peripheral nerve injuries by suppressing p75(NTR) upregulation and pro-apoptotic complexes. IGF-1 may be considered a viable adjuvant therapy to current treatment modalities. Muscle Nerve 54: 769-775, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- T David Luo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, 27157, USA
| | - Timothy B Alton
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, 27157, USA
| | - Peter J Apel
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, 27157, USA
| | - Jiaozhong Cai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, 27157, USA
| | - Jonathan C Barnwell
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, 27157, USA
| | - William E Sonntag
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Thomas L Smith
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, 27157, USA
| | - Zhongyu Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, 27157, USA.
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