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Sequeira-Bisson IR, Lu LW, Silvestre MP, Plank LD, Middleditch N, Acevedo-Fani A, Parry-Strong A, Hollingsworth KG, Tups A, Miles-Chan JL, Krebs JD, Foster M, Poppitt SD. Glycaemic Response to a Nut-Enriched Diet in Asian Chinese Adults with Normal or High Glycaemia: The Tū Ora RCT. Nutrients 2024; 16:2103. [PMID: 38999851 PMCID: PMC11243085 DOI: 10.3390/nu16132103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Nut-based products are a good source of high-quality plant protein in addition to mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids, and may aid low-glycaemic dietary strategies important for the prevention of type 2 diabetes (T2D). In particular, they may be advantageous in populations susceptible to dysglycaemia, such as Asian Chinese. The present study aimed to compare effects of a higher-protein nut bar (HP-NB, also higher in total fibre and unsaturated fats, comprising mixed almonds and peanuts) vs. an isoenergetic higher-carbohydrate cereal bar (HC-CB) within the diet of 101 Chinese adults with overweight and normo- or hyperglycaemia. Ectopic pancreas and liver fat were characterised using magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy (MRI/S) as a secondary outcome. Participants were randomized to receive HP-NB or HC-CB daily as a 1 MJ light meal or snack replacement, in addition to healthy eating advice. Anthropometry and clinical indicators of T2D risk were assessed fasted and during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), pre- and post-intervention. No significant difference was observed between diet groups for body weight, body mass index, waist or hip circumference, blood pressure, glucoregulatory markers, lipid profile or inflammatory markers over 12 weeks (all, p > 0.05). No difference was observed between glycaemic subgroups or those with normal versus high ectopic organ fat. Although HP-NB can attenuate postprandial glycaemia following a meal, no effects were observed for either fasting or glucose-mediated outcomes following longer-term inclusion in the habitual diet of Chinese adults with overweight, including at-risk subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana R. Sequeira-Bisson
- Human Nutrition Unit, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1024, New Zealand; (I.R.S.-B.); (L.W.L.); (M.P.S.); (J.L.M.-C.)
- High Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; (N.M.); (A.A.-F.); (J.D.K.); (M.F.)
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Louise W. Lu
- Human Nutrition Unit, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1024, New Zealand; (I.R.S.-B.); (L.W.L.); (M.P.S.); (J.L.M.-C.)
- High Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; (N.M.); (A.A.-F.); (J.D.K.); (M.F.)
| | - Marta P. Silvestre
- Human Nutrition Unit, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1024, New Zealand; (I.R.S.-B.); (L.W.L.); (M.P.S.); (J.L.M.-C.)
- High Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; (N.M.); (A.A.-F.); (J.D.K.); (M.F.)
- Centro de Investigação em Tecnologias e Serviços de Saúde (CINTESIS), NOVA University of Lisbon, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Lindsay D. Plank
- Department of Surgery, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand;
| | - Nikki Middleditch
- High Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; (N.M.); (A.A.-F.); (J.D.K.); (M.F.)
- School of Food and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Alejandra Acevedo-Fani
- High Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; (N.M.); (A.A.-F.); (J.D.K.); (M.F.)
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Amber Parry-Strong
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand;
- Centre for Endocrine, Diabetes and Obesity Research (CEDOR), Te Whatu Ora, Capital and Coast Health, Wellington 6242, New Zealand
| | - Kieren G. Hollingsworth
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Alexander Tups
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand;
| | - Jennifer L. Miles-Chan
- Human Nutrition Unit, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1024, New Zealand; (I.R.S.-B.); (L.W.L.); (M.P.S.); (J.L.M.-C.)
- High Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; (N.M.); (A.A.-F.); (J.D.K.); (M.F.)
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Jeremy D. Krebs
- High Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; (N.M.); (A.A.-F.); (J.D.K.); (M.F.)
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand;
- Centre for Endocrine, Diabetes and Obesity Research (CEDOR), Te Whatu Ora, Capital and Coast Health, Wellington 6242, New Zealand
| | - Meika Foster
- High Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; (N.M.); (A.A.-F.); (J.D.K.); (M.F.)
- Edible Research Ltd., Ohoka, Christchurch 7475, New Zealand
| | - Sally D. Poppitt
- Human Nutrition Unit, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1024, New Zealand; (I.R.S.-B.); (L.W.L.); (M.P.S.); (J.L.M.-C.)
- High Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; (N.M.); (A.A.-F.); (J.D.K.); (M.F.)
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
- Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
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Joblin-Mills A, Wu ZE, Sequeira-Bisson IR, Miles-Chan JL, Poppitt SD, Fraser K. Utilising a Clinical Metabolomics LC-MS Study to Determine the Integrity of Biological Samples for Statistical Modelling after Long Term -80 °C Storage: A TOFI_Asia Sub-Study. Metabolites 2024; 14:313. [PMID: 38921448 PMCID: PMC11205627 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14060313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Biological samples of lipids and metabolites degrade after extensive years in -80 °C storage. We aimed to determine if associated multivariate models are also impacted. Prior TOFI_Asia metabolomics studies from our laboratory established multivariate models of metabolic risks associated with ethnic diversity. Therefore, to compare multivariate modelling degradation after years of -80 °C storage, we selected a subset of aged (≥5-years) plasma samples from the TOFI_Asia study to re-analyze via untargeted LC-MS metabolomics. Samples from European Caucasian (n = 28) and Asian Chinese (n = 28) participants were evaluated for ethnic discrimination by partial least squares discriminative analysis (PLS-DA) of lipids and polar metabolites. Both showed a strong discernment between participants ethnicity by features, before (Initial) and after (Aged) 5-years of -80 °C storage. With receiver operator characteristic curves, sparse PLS-DA derived confusion matrix and prediction error rates, a considerable reduction in model integrity was apparent with the Aged polar metabolite model relative to Initial modelling. Ethnicity modelling with lipids maintained predictive integrity in Aged plasma samples, while equivalent polar metabolite models reduced in integrity. Our results indicate that researchers re-evaluating samples for multivariate modelling should consider time at -80 °C when producing predictive metrics from polar metabolites, more so than lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aidan Joblin-Mills
- Food Chemistry & Structure Team, AgResearch, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand; (Z.E.W.); (K.F.)
- High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland 1145, New Zealand; (I.R.S.-B.); (J.L.M.-C.); (S.D.P.)
| | - Zhanxuan E. Wu
- Food Chemistry & Structure Team, AgResearch, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand; (Z.E.W.); (K.F.)
- High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland 1145, New Zealand; (I.R.S.-B.); (J.L.M.-C.); (S.D.P.)
- School of Food and Nutrition, Massey University, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand
| | - Ivana R. Sequeira-Bisson
- High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland 1145, New Zealand; (I.R.S.-B.); (J.L.M.-C.); (S.D.P.)
- Human Nutrition Unit, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1024, New Zealand
| | - Jennifer L. Miles-Chan
- High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland 1145, New Zealand; (I.R.S.-B.); (J.L.M.-C.); (S.D.P.)
- Human Nutrition Unit, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1024, New Zealand
| | - Sally D. Poppitt
- High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland 1145, New Zealand; (I.R.S.-B.); (J.L.M.-C.); (S.D.P.)
- Human Nutrition Unit, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1024, New Zealand
- Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland 1145, New Zealand
| | - Karl Fraser
- Food Chemistry & Structure Team, AgResearch, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand; (Z.E.W.); (K.F.)
- High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland 1145, New Zealand; (I.R.S.-B.); (J.L.M.-C.); (S.D.P.)
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Shen F, Guo C, Zhang D, Liu Y, Zhang P. Visceral adiposity index as a predictor of type 2 diabetes mellitus risk: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2024; 34:811-822. [PMID: 38326187 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2023.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Considering the positive association between visceral adiposity index (VAI) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), no comprehensive assessment on the summarized and dose-response relationship between VAI and T2DM has yet been reported. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis, including dose-response analysis, to quantitively elucidate this association. DATA SYNTHESIS MEDLINE via PubMed and Embase databases were searched for relevant articles up to December 14, 2021. Random-effects generalized least squares regression models were used to assess the quantitative association between VAI and T2DM risk across studies. Restricted cubic splines were used to model the dose-response association. A total of 9 prospective cohort studies and 5 cross sectional studies were included in our review. Based on the meta-analysis, the pooled RR of T2DM was 2.05 (95% CI 1.74-2.41) for the highest versus reference VAI category. We found that the risk of T2DM was increased by 44% (RR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.23-1.68) with each 1-unit increment of VAI. While, we found no evidence of a nonlinear dose-response association of VAI and T2DM (Pnon-linearity = 0.428). With the linear cubic spline model, when compared to population with VAI at 0.6, for those with VAI at 2.0, the risk of T2DM was increased by 81% (RR, 1.81; 95% CI 1.55-2.12). CONCLUSIONS Our meta-analysis provides quantitative data suggesting that VAI is associated with an increased risk of T2DM. Public health strategies focusing on weight loss among obesity, especially the people characterized by the thin-on-the-outside--fat-on-the-inside phenotype could possibly reduce a substantial risk of T2DM. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42022372666.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Shen
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.
| | - Changman Guo
- Department of Prevention and Treatment of infectious disease, Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Xihu District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, China.
| | - Dongdong Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.
| | | | - Pianhong Zhang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.
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Pratt-Phillips S. Effect of Exercise Conditioning on Countering the Effects of Obesity and Insulin Resistance in Horses-A Review. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:727. [PMID: 38473112 DOI: 10.3390/ani14050727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is an important health concern in horses, along with humans and companion animals. Adipose tissue is an inflammatory organ that alters the insulin-signaling cascade, ultimately causing insulin dysregulation and impaired glucose metabolism. These disruptions can increase the risk of metabolic disease and laminitis in horses and may also impact energy metabolism during exercise. A single bout of exercise, along with chronic exercise conditioning, increases insulin sensitivity and glucose disposal via both contraction- and insulin-mediated glucose uptake pathways. Regular exercise also increases calorie expenditure, which can facilitate weight (as body fat) loss. This paper explores the metabolic pathways affected by adiposity, as well as discusses the impact of exercise on insulin metabolism in horses.
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Ramzan F, Sequeira-Bisson IR, Lu LW, Mitchell CJ, D’Souza RF, Vickers MH, Poppitt SD, Cameron-Smith D. Circulatory miRNAs as Correlates of Elevated Intra-Pancreatic Fat Deposition in a Mixed Ethnic Female Cohort: The TOFI_Asia Study. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14393. [PMID: 37762694 PMCID: PMC10532072 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Ectopic lipid accumulation, including intra-pancreatic fat deposition (IPFD), exacerbates type 2 diabetes risk in susceptible individuals. Dysregulated circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) have been identified as correlating with clinical measures of pancreatitis, pancreatic cancer and type 1 diabetes. The aim of the current study was therefore to examine the association between circulating abundances of candidate miRNAs, IPFD and liver fat deposition as quantified using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and spectroscopy (MRS). Asian Chinese (n = 34; BMI = 26.7 ± 4.2 kg/m2) and European Caucasian (n = 34; BMI = 28.0 ± 4.5 kg/m2) females from the TOFI_Asia cohort underwent MRI and MRS analysis of pancreas (MR-%IPFD) and liver fat (MR-%liver fat), respectively, to quantify ectopic lipid deposition. Plasma miRNA abundances of a subset of circulatory miRNAs associated with IPFD and liver fat deposition were quantified by qRT-PCR. miR-21-3p and miR-320a-5p correlated with MR-%IPFD, plasma insulin and HOMA2-IR, but not MR-%liver fat. MR-%IPFD remained associated with decreasing miR-21-3p abundance following multivariate regression analysis. miR-21-3p and miR-320a were demonstrated to be negatively correlated with MR-%IPFD, independent of ethnicity. For miR-21-3p, this relationship persists with the inclusion of MR-%liver fat in the model, suggesting the potential for a wider application as a specific circulatory correlate of IPFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farha Ramzan
- Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand (D.C.-S.)
| | - Ivana R. Sequeira-Bisson
- The High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland 1023, New Zealand (S.D.P.)
- Human Nutrition Unit, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
- The Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand
| | - Louise W. Lu
- The High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland 1023, New Zealand (S.D.P.)
- Human Nutrition Unit, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Cameron J. Mitchell
- School of Kinesiology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Randall F. D’Souza
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Mark H. Vickers
- Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand (D.C.-S.)
| | - Sally D. Poppitt
- The High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland 1023, New Zealand (S.D.P.)
- Human Nutrition Unit, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
- The Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand
- Department of Medicine, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - David Cameron-Smith
- Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand (D.C.-S.)
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia
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Sequeira IR, Yip W, Lu LW, Jiang Y, Murphy R, Plank LD, Cooper GJS, Peters CN, Aribsala BS, Hollingsworth KG, Poppitt SD. Exploring the relationship between pancreatic fat and insulin secretion in overweight or obese women without type 2 diabetes mellitus: A preliminary investigation of the TOFI_Asia cohort. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0279085. [PMID: 36584200 PMCID: PMC9803309 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE While there is an emerging role of pancreatic fat in the aetiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), its impact on the associated decrease in insulin secretion remains controversial. We aimed to determine whether pancreatic fat negatively affects β-cell function and insulin secretion in women with overweight or obesity but without T2DM. METHODS 20 women, with normo- or dysglycaemia based on fasting plasma glucose levels, and low (< 4.5%) vs high (≥ 4.5%) magnetic resonance (MR) quantified pancreatic fat, completed a 1-hr intravenous glucose tolerance test (ivGTT) which included two consecutive 30-min square-wave steps of hyperglycaemia generated by using 25% dextrose. Plasma glucose, insulin and C-peptide were measured, and insulin secretion rate (ISR) calculated using regularisation deconvolution method from C-peptide kinetics. Repeated measures linear mixed models, adjusted for ethnicity and baseline analyte concentrations, were used to compare changes during the ivGTT between high and low percentage pancreatic fat (PPF) groups. RESULTS No ethnic differences in anthropomorphic variables, body composition, visceral adipose tissue (MR-VAT) or PPF were measured and hence data were combined. Nine women (47%) were identified as having high PPF values. PPF was significantly associated with baseline C-peptide (p = 0.04) and ISR (p = 0.04) in all. During the 1-hr ivGTT, plasma glucose (p<0.0001), insulin (p<0.0001) and ISR (p = 0.02) increased significantly from baseline in both high and low PPF groups but did not differ between the two groups at any given time during the test (PPF x time, p > 0.05). Notably, the incremental areas under the curves for both first and second phase ISR were 0.04 units lower in the high than low PPF groups, but this was not significant (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION In women with overweight or obesity but without T2DM, PPF did not modify β-cell function as determined by ivGTT-assessed ISR. However, the salient feature in biphasic insulin secretion in those with ≥4.5% PPF may be of clinical importance, particularly in early stages of dysglycaemia may warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana R. Sequeira
- Human Nutrition Unit, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
- * E-mail:
| | - Wilson Yip
- Human Nutrition Unit, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Louise W. Lu
- Human Nutrition Unit, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Yannan Jiang
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Rinki Murphy
- High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Auckland District Health Board, Auckland, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Lindsay D. Plank
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Garth J. S. Cooper
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Centre for Advanced Discovery and Experimental Therapeutics (CADET), Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Division of Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Carl N. Peters
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Waitemata District Health Board, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Benjamin S. Aribsala
- Newcastle Magnetic Resonance Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Science, Lagos State University, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Kieren G. Hollingsworth
- Newcastle Magnetic Resonance Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Sally D. Poppitt
- Human Nutrition Unit, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Riddet Centre of Research Excellence (CoRE) for Food and Nutrition, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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Leiu KH, Poppitt SD, Miles-Chan JL, Sequeira IR. Fatty Pancreas and Cardiometabolic Risk: Response of Ectopic Fat to Lifestyle and Surgical Interventions. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14224873. [PMID: 36432559 PMCID: PMC9693202 DOI: 10.3390/nu14224873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ectopic fat accumulation in non-adipose organs, such as the pancreas and liver, is associated with an increased risk of cardiometabolic disease. While clinical trials have focused on interventions to decrease body weight and liver fat, ameliorating pancreatic fat can be crucial but successful intervention strategies are not yet defined. We identified twenty-two published studies which quantified pancreatic fat during dietary, physical activity, and/or bariatric surgery interventions targeted at body weight and adipose mass loss alongside their subsequent effect on metabolic outcomes. Thirteen studies reported a significant decrease in body weight, utilising weight-loss diets (n = 2), very low-energy diets (VLED) (n = 2), isocaloric diets (n = 1), a combination of diet and physical activity (n = 2), and bariatric surgery (n = 5) including a comparison with VLED (n = 1). Surgical intervention achieved the largest decrease in pancreatic fat (range: -18.2% to -67.2%) vs. a combination of weight-loss diets, isocaloric diets, and/or VLED (range: -10.2% to -42.3%) vs. diet and physical activity combined (range: -0.6% to -3.9%), with a concurrent decrease in metabolic outcomes. While surgical intervention purportedly is the most effective strategy to decrease pancreas fat content and improve cardiometabolic health, the procedure is invasive and may not be accessible to most individuals. Given that dietary intervention is the cornerstone for the prevention of adverse metabolic health, the alternative approaches appear to be the use of weight-loss diets or VLED meal replacements, which are shown to decrease pancreatic fat and associated cardiometabolic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kok Hong Leiu
- Human Nutrition Unit, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1024, New Zealand
- High Value Nutrition, National Science Challenge, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Sally D. Poppitt
- Human Nutrition Unit, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1024, New Zealand
- High Value Nutrition, National Science Challenge, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
- Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
- Riddet Centre of Research Excellence (CoRE) for Food and Nutrition, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Jennifer L. Miles-Chan
- Human Nutrition Unit, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1024, New Zealand
- High Value Nutrition, National Science Challenge, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
- Riddet Centre of Research Excellence (CoRE) for Food and Nutrition, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Ivana R. Sequeira
- Human Nutrition Unit, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1024, New Zealand
- High Value Nutrition, National Science Challenge, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +64-09-6301162
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Wang FH, Meng LY, Yu TY, Tan Y, Quan H, Hu JY, Bai QK, Xie JC, Zhao YX. Associations of Abdominal Visceral Fat Content and Plasma Adiponectin Level With Intracranial Atherosclerotic Stenosis: A Cross-Sectional Study. Front Neurol 2022; 13:893401. [PMID: 35812109 PMCID: PMC9256915 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.893401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Abdominal obesity and adipocytokines are closely related to atherosclerosis, and adiponectin level is considered one of the important clinical indicators. This study aimed to analyze the associations of abdominal visceral fat content and adiponectin level with intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS). Methods A total of 186 patients were enrolled in this study. Patients were distributed into ICAS and non-ICAS by the degree of artery stenosis. Plasma adiponectin levels and the ratio of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) to subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) were measured. The related factors of intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis were determined using multivariable logistic regression analysis. Results The VAT/SAT ratio (OR, 26.08; 95% CI, 5.92–114.83; p < 0.001) and adiponectin (OR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.44–0.84; p = 0.002) were found to be the independent predictors of ICAS in a multivariable logistic regression analysis. The prevalence of ICAS increased (T1: 27.4%; T2: 50.0%; T3: 75.8%) as the VAT/SAT ratio tertile increased (p < 0.001). The prevalence of ICAS decreased (T1: 72.6%; T2: 54.8%; T3: 25.8%) as the adiponectin tertile increased (p < 0.001). In ROC curves analysis, VAT/SAT ratio had a sensible accuracy for the prediction of ICAS. The optimal cut-off value of VAT/SAT ratio to predict ICAS in this study was 1.04 (AUC: 0.747; p < 0.001; sensitivity: 67.4%; specificity: 74.7%). The optimal adiponectin cutoff was 3.03 ug/ml (AUC: 0.716; p < 0.001; sensitivity:75.8%; specificity: 61.5%). Conclusion Higher VAT/SAT ratio and lower plasma adiponectin levels were closely related to the increased risk of intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei-Hong Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Long-Yan Meng
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tong-Ya Yu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Tan
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Quan
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Yu Hu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing-Ke Bai
- Department of Neurology, Pudong New Area People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Qing-Ke Bai
| | - Jun-Chao Xie
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Jun-Chao Xie
| | - Yan-Xin Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Yan-Xin Zhao
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Sequeira IR, Yip WC, Lu LWW, Jiang Y, Murphy R, Plank LD, Cooper GJS, Peters CN, Lu J, Hollingsworth KG, Poppitt SD. Pancreas Fat, an Early Marker of Metabolic Risk? A Magnetic Resonance Study of Chinese and Caucasian Women: TOFI_Asia Study. Front Physiol 2022; 13:819606. [PMID: 35431998 PMCID: PMC9008457 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.819606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectivePrevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is disproportionately higher in younger outwardly lean Asian Chinese compared to matched Caucasians. Susceptibility to T2D is hypothesised due to dysfunctional adipose tissue expansion resulting in adverse abdominal visceral and organ fat accumulation. Impact on early risk, particularly in individuals characterised by the thin-on-the-outside-fat-on-the-inside (TOFI) phenotype, is undetermined.MethodsSixty-eight women [34 Chinese, 34 Caucasian; 18–70 years; body mass index (BMI), 20–45 kg/m2] from the TOFI_Asia study underwent magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy to quantify visceral, pancreas, and liver fat. Total body fat was (TBF) assessed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, and fasting blood biomarkers were measured. Ethnic comparisons, conducted using two-sample tests and multivariate regressions adjusted for age, % TBF and ethnicity, identified relationships between abdominal ectopic fat depots with fasting plasma glucose (FPG), insulin resistance (HOMA2-IR), and related metabolic clinical risk markers in all, and within ethnic groups.ResultsDespite being younger and of lower bodyweight, Chinese women in the cohort had similar BMI and % TBF compared to their Caucasian counterparts. Protective high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total- and high-molecular weight adiponectin were significantly lower, while glucoregulatory glucagon-like peptide-1 and glucagon significantly higher, in Chinese. There were no ethnic differences between % pancreas fat and % liver fat. However, at low BMI, % pancreas and % liver fat were ∼1 and ∼2% higher in Chinese compared to Caucasian women. In all women, % pancreas and visceral adipose tissue had the strongest correlation with FPG, independent of age and % TBF. Percentage (%) pancreas fat and age positively contributed to variance in FPG, whereas % TBF, amylin and C-peptide contributed to IR which was 0.3 units higher in Chinese.ConclusionPancreas fat accumulation may be an early adverse event, in TOFI individuals, with peptides highlighting pancreatic dysfunction as drivers of T2D susceptibility. Follow-up is warranted to explore causality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana R. Sequeira
- Human Nutrition Unit, Faculty of Science, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- High Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
- *Correspondence: Ivana R. Sequeira, ; orcid.org/0000-0001-5414-9925
| | - Wilson C. Yip
- Human Nutrition Unit, Faculty of Science, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- High Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Louise W. W. Lu
- Human Nutrition Unit, Faculty of Science, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- High Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Yannan Jiang
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Rinki Murphy
- High Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Auckland District Health Board, Auckland, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Lindsay D. Plank
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Garth J. S. Cooper
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Centre for Advanced Discovery and Experimental Therapeutics (CADET), Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Science, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Division of Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Carl N. Peters
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Waitemata District Health Board, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jun Lu
- Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Kieren G. Hollingsworth
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Sally D. Poppitt
- Human Nutrition Unit, Faculty of Science, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- High Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Faculty of Science, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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10
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Joblin-Mills A, Wu Z, Fraser K, Jones B, Yip W, Lim JJ, Lu L, Sequeira I, Poppitt S. The impact of ethnicity and intra-pancreatic fat on the postprandial metabolome response to whey protein in overweight Asian Chinese and European Caucasian women with prediabetes. FRONTIERS IN CLINICAL DIABETES AND HEALTHCARE 2022; 3:980856. [PMID: 36992769 PMCID: PMC10012149 DOI: 10.3389/fcdhc.2022.980856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
The "Thin on the Outside Fat on the Inside" TOFI_Asia study found Asian Chinese to be more susceptible to Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) compared to European Caucasians matched for gender and body mass index (BMI). This was influenced by degree of visceral adipose deposition and ectopic fat accumulation in key organs, including liver and pancreas, leading to altered fasting plasma glucose, insulin resistance, and differences in plasma lipid and metabolite profiles. It remains unclear how intra-pancreatic fat deposition (IPFD) impacts TOFI phenotype-related T2D risk factors associated with Asian Chinese. Cow's milk whey protein isolate (WPI) is an insulin secretagogue which can suppress hyperglycemia in prediabetes. In this dietary intervention, we used untargeted metabolomics to characterize the postprandial WPI response in 24 overweight women with prediabetes. Participants were classified by ethnicity (Asian Chinese, n=12; European Caucasian, n=12) and IPFD (low IPFD < 4.66%, n=10; high IPFD ≥ 4.66%, n=10). Using a cross-over design participants were randomized to consume three WPI beverages on separate occasions; 0 g (water control), 12.5 g (low protein, LP) and 50 g (high protein, HP), consumed when fasted. An exclusion pipeline for isolating metabolites with temporal (T0-240mins) WPI responses was implemented, and a support vector machine-recursive feature elimination (SVM-RFE) algorithm was used to model relevant metabolites by ethnicity and IPFD classes. Metabolic network analysis identified glycine as a central hub in both ethnicity and IPFD WPI response networks. A depletion of glycine relative to WPI concentration was detected in Chinese and high IPFD participants independent of BMI. Urea cycle metabolites were highly represented among the ethnicity WPI metabolome model, implicating a dysregulation in ammonia and nitrogen metabolism among Chinese participants. Uric acid and purine synthesis pathways were enriched within the high IPFD cohort's WPI metabolome response, implicating adipogenesis and insulin resistance pathways. In conclusion, the discrimination of ethnicity from WPI metabolome profiles was a stronger prediction model than IPFD in overweight women with prediabetes. Each models' discriminatory metabolites enriched different metabolic pathways that help to further characterize prediabetes in Asian Chinese women and women with increased IPFD, independently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aidan Joblin-Mills
- Food Chemistry and Structure Team, Agresearch, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- High-Value Nutrition, National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
- *Correspondence: Aidan Joblin-Mills,
| | - Zhanxuan Wu
- Food Chemistry and Structure Team, Agresearch, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- High-Value Nutrition, National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Food and Nutrition, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Karl Fraser
- Food Chemistry and Structure Team, Agresearch, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- High-Value Nutrition, National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Beatrix Jones
- High-Value Nutrition, National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Statistics, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Wilson Yip
- High-Value Nutrition, National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
- Human Nutrition Unit, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jia Jiet Lim
- High-Value Nutrition, National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
- Human Nutrition Unit, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Louise Lu
- High-Value Nutrition, National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
- Human Nutrition Unit, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ivana Sequeira
- High-Value Nutrition, National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
- Human Nutrition Unit, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sally Poppitt
- High-Value Nutrition, National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
- Human Nutrition Unit, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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11
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Sequeira IR, Woodhead JST, Chan A, D'Souza RF, Wan J, Hollingsworth KG, Plank LD, Cohen P, Poppitt SD, Merry TL. Plasma mitochondrial derived peptides MOTS-c and SHLP2 positively associate with android and liver fat in people without diabetes. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2021; 1865:129991. [PMID: 34419510 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2021.129991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial-derived peptides (MDPs) are encoded by the mitochondrial genome and hypothesised to form part of a retrograde signalling network that modulates adaptive responses to metabolic stress. To understand how metabolic stress regulates MDPs in humans we assessed the association between circulating MOTS-c and SHLP2 and components of metabolic syndrome (MS), as well as depot-specific fat mass in participants without overt type 2 diabetes or cardiovascular disease. One-hundred and twenty-five Chinese participants (91 male, 34 female) had anthropometry, whole body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scans and fasted blood samples analysed. Chinese female participants and an additional 34 European Caucasian female participants also underwent magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy (MRI/S) for visceral, pancreatic and liver fat quantification. In Chinese participants (age = 41 ± 1 years, BMI = 27.8 ± 3.9 kg/m2), plasma MOTS-c (315 ± 27 pg/ml) and SHLP2 (1393 ± 82 pg/ml) were elevated in those with MS (n = 26). While multiple components of the MS sequelae positively associated with both MOTS-c and SHLP2, including blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose and triglycerides, the most significant of these was waist circumference (p < 0.0001). Android fat had a greater effect on increasing plasma MOTS-c (p < 0.004) and SHLP2 (p < 0.009) relative to whole body fat. Associations with MRI/S parameters corrected for total body fat mass revealed that liver fat positively associated with plasma MOTS-c and SHLP2 and visceral fat with SHLP2. Consistent with hepatic stress being a driver of circulating MDP concentrations, plasma MOTS-c and SHLP2 were higher in participants with elevated liver damage markers and in male C57Bl/6j mice fed a diet that induces hepatic lipid accumulation and damage. Our findings provide evidence that in the absence of overt type 2 diabetes, components of the MS positively associated with levels of MOTS-c and SHLP2 and that android fat, in particular liver fat, is a primary driver of these associations. MOTS-c and SHLP2 have previously been shown to have cyto- and metabolo-protective properties, therefore we suggest that liver stress may be a mitochondrial peptide signal, and that mitochondrial peptides are part of a hepatic centric-hormetic response intended to restore metabolic balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana R Sequeira
- Human Nutrition Unit, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; High Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, New Zealand
| | - Jonathan S T Woodhead
- Discipline of Nutrition, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Alex Chan
- Discipline of Nutrition, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Randall F D'Souza
- Discipline of Nutrition, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Junxiang Wan
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kieren G Hollingsworth
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Lindsay D Plank
- Department of Surgery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Pinchas Cohen
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sally D Poppitt
- Human Nutrition Unit, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; High Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, New Zealand; Riddet CoRE for Food and Nutrition, Massey University, New Zealand
| | - Troy L Merry
- Discipline of Nutrition, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
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12
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Lu LW, Silvestre MP, Sequeira IR, Plank LD, Foster M, Middleditch N, Acevedo-Fani A, Hollingsworth KG, Poppitt SD. A higher-protein nut-based snack product suppresses glycaemia and decreases glycaemic response to co-ingested carbohydrate in an overweight prediabetic Asian Chinese cohort: the Tū Ora postprandial RCT. J Nutr Sci 2021; 10:e30. [PMID: 34094511 PMCID: PMC8141680 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2021.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Nut-based products may aid low-glycaemic dietary strategies that are important for diabetes prevention in populations at increased risk of dysglycaemia, such as Asian Chinese. This randomised cross-over trial assessed the postprandial glycaemic response (0-120 min) of a higher-protein nut-based (HP-NB) snack formulation, in bar format (1009 kJ, Nutrient Profiling Score, NPS, -2), when compared with an iso-energetic higher-carbohydrate (CHO) cereal-based bar (HC-CB, 985 kJ, NPS +3). It also assessed the ability to suppress glucose response to a typical CHO-rich food (white bread, WB), when co-ingested. Ten overweight prediabetic Chinese adults (mean, sd: age 47⋅9, 15⋅7 years; BMI 25⋅5, 1⋅6 kg/m2), with total body fat plus ectopic pancreas and liver fat quantified using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy, received the five meal treatments in random order: HP-NB, HC-CB, HP-NB + WB (50 g available CHO), HC-CB + WB and WB only. Compared with HC-CB, HP-NB induced a significantly lower 30-120 min glucose response (P < 0⋅05), with an approximately 10-fold lower incremental area under the glucose curve (iAUC0-120; P < 0⋅001). HP-NB also attenuated glucose response by approximately 25 % when co-ingested with WB (P < 0⋅05). Half of the cohort had elevated pancreas and/or liver fat, with 13-21 % greater suppression of iAUC0-120 glucose in the low v. high organ fat subgroups across all five treatments. A nut-based snack product may be a healthier alternative to an energy equivalent cereal-based product with evidence of both a lower postprandial glycaemic response and modulation of CHO-induced hyperglycaemia even in high-risk, overweight, pre-diabetic adults.
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Key Words
- AUC, area under the curve
- BF, body fat
- BMI, body mass index
- CHO, carbohydrate
- DXA, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry
- Dried fruits
- GI, glycaemic index
- MRI
- MRI, magnetic resonance imaging
- MRS, magnetic resonance spectroscopy
- Nuts
- Postprandial glycaemia
- Prediabetes
- SAT, subcutaneous adipose tissue
- T2D, type 2 diabetes
- VAS, visual analogue scales
- VAT, visceral adipose tissue
- WB, white bread
- iAUC, incremental area under the curve
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise W. Lu
- Human Nutrition Unit, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Marta P. Silvestre
- Human Nutrition Unit, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ivana R. Sequeira
- Human Nutrition Unit, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Lindsay D. Plank
- Department of Surgery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Meika Foster
- Edible Research Ltd, Christchurch, New Zealand
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Nikki Middleditch
- High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Alejandra Acevedo-Fani
- High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Kieren G. Hollingsworth
- Newcastle Magnetic Resonance Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Sally D. Poppitt
- Human Nutrition Unit, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
- Riddet Centre of Research Excellence (CoRE) for Food and Nutrition, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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13
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Wu ZE, Fraser K, Kruger MC, Sequeira IR, Yip W, Lu LW, Plank LD, Murphy R, Cooper GJS, Martin JC, Hollingsworth KG, Poppitt SD. Untargeted metabolomics reveals plasma metabolites predictive of ectopic fat in pancreas and liver as assessed by magnetic resonance imaging: the TOFI_Asia study. Int J Obes (Lond) 2021; 45:1844-1854. [PMID: 33994541 PMCID: PMC8310794 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-021-00854-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excess visceral obesity and ectopic organ fat is associated with increased risk of cardiometabolic disease. However, circulating markers for early detection of ectopic fat, particularly pancreas and liver, are lacking. METHODS Lipid storage in pancreas, liver, abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) from 68 healthy or pre-diabetic Caucasian and Chinese women enroled in the TOFI_Asia study was assessed by magnetic resonance imaging/spectroscopy (MRI/S). Plasma metabolites were measured with untargeted liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy (LC-MS). Multivariate partial least squares (PLS) regression identified metabolites predictive of VAT/SAT and ectopic fat; univariate linear regression adjusting for potential covariates identified individual metabolites associated with VAT/SAT and ectopic fat; linear regression adjusted for ethnicity identified clinical and anthropometric correlates for each fat depot. RESULTS PLS identified 56, 64 and 31 metabolites which jointly predicted pancreatic fat (R2Y = 0.81, Q2 = 0.69), liver fat (RY2 = 0.8, Q2 = 0.66) and VAT/SAT ((R2Y = 0.7, Q2 = 0.62)) respectively. Among the PLS-identified metabolites, none of them remained significantly associated with pancreatic fat after adjusting for all covariates. Dihydrosphingomyelin (dhSM(d36:0)), 3 phosphatidylethanolamines, 5 diacylglycerols (DG) and 40 triacylglycerols (TG) were associated with liver fat independent of covariates. Three DGs and 12 TGs were associated with VAT/SAT independent of covariates. Notably, comparison with clinical correlates showed better predictivity of ectopic fat by these PLS-identified plasma metabolite markers. CONCLUSIONS Untargeted metabolomics identified candidate markers of visceral and ectopic fat that improved fat level prediction over clinical markers. Several plasma metabolites were associated with level of liver fat and VAT/SAT ratio independent of age, total and visceral adiposity, whereas pancreatic fat deposition was only associated with increased sulfolithocholic acid independent of adiposity-related parameters, but not age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanxuan E. Wu
- grid.417738.e0000 0001 2110 5328Food Nutrition & Health, Food and Bio-based Products, AgResearch Limited, Palmerston North, New Zealand ,grid.148374.d0000 0001 0696 9806School of Health Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand ,High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Karl Fraser
- grid.417738.e0000 0001 2110 5328Food Nutrition & Health, Food and Bio-based Products, AgResearch Limited, Palmerston North, New Zealand ,High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand ,grid.148374.d0000 0001 0696 9806Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Marlena C. Kruger
- grid.148374.d0000 0001 0696 9806School of Health Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand ,grid.148374.d0000 0001 0696 9806Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Ivana R. Sequeira
- High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand ,grid.9654.e0000 0004 0372 3343Human Nutrition Unit, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Wilson Yip
- High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand ,grid.9654.e0000 0004 0372 3343Human Nutrition Unit, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Louise W. Lu
- High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand ,grid.9654.e0000 0004 0372 3343Human Nutrition Unit, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Lindsay D. Plank
- grid.9654.e0000 0004 0372 3343Department of Surgery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Rinki Murphy
- High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand ,grid.9654.e0000 0004 0372 3343Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Garth J. S. Cooper
- grid.9654.e0000 0004 0372 3343Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand ,grid.9654.e0000 0004 0372 3343School of Biological Sciences University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand ,grid.5379.80000000121662407Centre for Advanced Discovery and Experimental Therapeutics, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Jean-Charles Martin
- grid.5399.60000 0001 2176 4817Aix-Marseille University, INSERM, INRAe, C2VN, BioMeT, Marseille, France
| | - Kieren G. Hollingsworth
- grid.1006.70000 0001 0462 7212Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Sally D. Poppitt
- High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand ,grid.148374.d0000 0001 0696 9806Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand ,grid.9654.e0000 0004 0372 3343Human Nutrition Unit, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand ,grid.9654.e0000 0004 0372 3343Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand ,grid.9654.e0000 0004 0372 3343School of Biological Sciences University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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14
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Wu ZE, Fraser K, Kruger MC, Sequeira IR, Yip W, Lu LW, Plank LD, Murphy R, Cooper GJS, Martin JC, Poppitt SD. Metabolomic signatures for visceral adiposity and dysglycaemia in Asian Chinese and Caucasian European adults: the cross-sectional TOFI_Asia study. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2020; 17:95. [PMID: 33292338 PMCID: PMC7667766 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-020-00518-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asian Chinese are more susceptible to deposition of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) development than European Caucasians when matched for gender, age and body mass index (BMI). Our aims were: (i) characterise the ethnicity-specific metabolomic signature of visceral adiposity measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and (ii) identify individuals susceptible to worse metabolic health outcomes. METHODS Fasting plasma samples from normoglycaemic (n = 274) and prediabetic (n = 83) participants were analysed with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry using untargeted metabolomics. Multiple linear regression adjusting for age, gender and BMI was performed to identify metabolites associated with FPG and VAT calculated as percentage of total body fat (%VATTBF) in each ethnic group. Metabolic risk groups in each ethnicity were stratified based on the joint metabolomic signature for FPG and %VATTBF and clinically characterised using partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and t-tests. RESULTS FPG was correlated with 40 and 110 metabolites in Caucasians and Chinese respectively, with diglyceride DG(38:5) (adjusted β = 0.29, p = 3.00E-05) in Caucasians and triglyceride TG(54:4) (adjusted β = 0.28, p = 2.02E-07) in Chinese being the most significantly correlated metabolite based on the p-value. %VATTBF was correlated with 85 and 119 metabolites in Caucasians and Chinese respectively, with TG(56:2) (adjusted β = 0.3, p = 8.25E-09) in Caucasians and TG(58:3) (adjusted β = 0.25, p = 2.34E-08) in Chinese being the most significantly correlated. 24 metabolites associated with FPG were common to both ethnicities including glycerolipid species. 67 metabolites associated with %VATTBF were common to both ethnicities including positive correlations with dihydroceramide, sphingomyelin, glycerolipid, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethnolamine, and inverse correlations with ether-linked phosphatidylcholine. Participant re-stratification found greater total and central adiposity, worse clinical lipid profiles, higher serum glucoregulatory peptides and liver enzymes in normal fasting glucose (NFG) individuals with a prediabetic metabolomic profile than NFG individuals with a normoglycaemic metabolomic profile in both ethnicities. CONCLUSIONS Untargeted metabolomics identified common and disparate metabolites associated with FPG and %VATTBF, with an ethnic-dimorphic signature for these metabolic traits. These signatures could improve risk stratification and identify NFG individuals with an adverse cardiometabolic and T2D risk profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanxuan E Wu
- Food Nutrition and Health, Food and Bio-Based Products, AgResearch Limited, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand.,School of Health Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand.,High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Karl Fraser
- Food Nutrition and Health, Food and Bio-Based Products, AgResearch Limited, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand. .,High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand. .,Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand.
| | - Marlena C Kruger
- School of Health Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand.,Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - Ivana R Sequeira
- High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand.,Human Nutrition Unit, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Wilson Yip
- High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand.,Human Nutrition Unit, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Louise W Lu
- High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand.,Human Nutrition Unit, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Lindsay D Plank
- Department of Surgery, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Rinki Murphy
- High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand.,Department of Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Garth J S Cooper
- Department of Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand.,Centre for Advanced Discovery and Experimental Therapeutics, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9NT, UK
| | | | - Sally D Poppitt
- High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand.,Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand.,Human Nutrition Unit, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand.,Department of Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
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