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Ruckwongpatr K, Ahorsu DK, Pimsen A, Paratthakonkun C, Tung SEH, Pramukti I, Bevan N, Chen JS, Huang CH, Pakpour AH, Griffiths MD, Lin CY. Validation and Measurement Invariance of the Tendency to Avoid Physical Activity and Sport Scale (TAPAS) Among Thai Young Adults. Eval Health Prof 2024:1632787241271117. [PMID: 39148374 DOI: 10.1177/01632787241271117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Examining ways of reducing physical inactivity has been at the forefront of public health research. Moreover, valid and reliable scales are needed to objectively assess physical activity (PA) avoidance. Previous research has shown that experiencing weight stigma and physical appearance-related concerns are associated with physical inactivity. However, there is currently no Thai instrument that assesses physical inactivity in relation to weight stigma. Therefore, the present study examined the psychometric properties of the Thai version of the Tendency to Avoid Physical Activity and Sport Scale (TAPAS). Thai university students (N = 612) recruited via convenience sampling completed an online survey using SurveyMonkey between September 2022 and January 2023. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), multigroup CFA, and Pearson correlations (between TAPAS scores, age, body mass index, and time spent exercising) were used to analyze the data. The CFA showed robust psychometric properties for the Thai version of TAPAS regarding its unidimensional structure. The TAPAS was measurement invariant across sex, weight status, and daily hours of exercise. However, no significant Pearson correlations were found. In general, the results showed that the TAPAS is a good scale for assessing PA avoidance among Thai young adults across different sexes, weight status, and daily hours of exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamolthip Ruckwongpatr
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan
| | - Daniel Kwasi Ahorsu
- Department of Special Education and Counselling, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | | | | | - Serene En Hui Tung
- Division of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, IMU University, Malaysia
| | | | - Nadia Bevan
- School of Social Sciences, Faculty of Arts, Monash University, Australia
| | - Jung-Sheng Chen
- Department of Medical Research, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Taiwan
| | - Chi Hsien Huang
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Taiwan
| | - Amir H Pakpour
- Department of Nursing, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Sweden
| | - Mark D Griffiths
- International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, UK
| | - Chung-Ying Lin
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan
- Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia
- Biostatistics Consulting Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan
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Sheynblyum M, Wadden TA, Latner JD, Pearl RL. Longitudinal associations of internalized weight stigma with physical activity and weight loss. Obes Sci Pract 2024; 10:e773. [PMID: 38966255 PMCID: PMC11222290 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Cross-sectional research has demonstrated that internalized weight stigma (IWS) is associated with less engagement in weight management behaviors, including physical activity. However, limited research has explored longitudinal relationships among IWS, physical activity, and weight loss. This study examined longitudinal associations of changes in IWS, physical activity, and weight and tested whether physical activity mediated the relationship between IWS and weight change. Methods Individuals with obesity and high IWS (N = 105) participated in a 72-week behavioral weight loss intervention, with or without a weight stigma intervention. Measures of IWS (Weight Self-Stigma Questionnaire), physical activity (accelerometry and self-report), and weight were collected at baseline and weeks 20, 46 and 72. Correlations examined relationships among changes in variables from baseline to all timepoints, controlling for treatment condition. Mediation, controlling for treatment condition, tested whether IWS reductions during the first 20 weeks predicted greater weight loss at weeks 46 and 72 via increased physical activity between weeks 20 and 46 or 72. Results Decreases in IWS at week 20 were associated with greater week-20 weight loss (r = 0.265, p = 0.012). Physical activity was not a significant mediator, but greater reductions in IWS at week 20 predicted greater week-46 weight loss with or without controlling for physical activity (WSSQ: b = 0.30, confidence interval: 0.12, 0.54). Significant associations were not found at week 72. Conclusion Initial reductions in IWS were associated with greater week-46 weight loss. Further research should investigate whether reducing IWS early in obesity treatment enhances long-term outcomes. Clinical trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03704064).
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Sheynblyum
- Department of Clinical and Health PsychologyUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Thomas A. Wadden
- Department of PsychiatryPerelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Janet D. Latner
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of Hawaii at ManoaHonoluluHawaiiUSA
| | - Rebecca L. Pearl
- Department of Clinical and Health PsychologyUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
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Borgatti A, Morgan C, Stager L, Dutton GR. Associations between weight bias internalization, weight status, and health among a diverse cohort of freshman college students. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38875131 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2024.2346351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Mental health concerns are common among college students, especially students with higher body mass index (BMI). Weight bias internalization (WBI) is thought to contribute to these mental health disparities. However, little is known about how WBI differs among more diverse students, and to what extent WBI may explain associations between BMI and health in college populations. This study compared rates of WBI in Freshman college students (N = 1289) across gender, race/ethnicity, and sexual orientation, and assessed whether WBI mediated associations between BMI and mental health (depression, self-esteem, stress, loneliness) and behavioral health (disordered eating, physical activity, gym use). Black students and men demonstrated reduced WBI while bisexual women showed increased WBI. Further, WBI mediated the association of BMI with mental health and disordered eating, but not physical activity. These findings suggest that stigma may account for mental health disparities among higher-BMI students, and that minoritized groups are disproportionately impacted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Borgatti
- Division of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Psychology, College of Arts and Sciences, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Casie Morgan
- Department of Psychology, College of Arts and Sciences, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Lindsay Stager
- Department of Psychology, College of Arts and Sciences, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Gareth R Dutton
- Division of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Kelly NR, Osa ML, Luther G, Guidinger C, Folger A, Williamson G, Esquivel J, Budd EL. Preliminary evaluation of a brief worksite intervention to reduce weight stigma and weight bias internalization. EVALUATION AND PROGRAM PLANNING 2024; 104:102434. [PMID: 38615372 DOI: 10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2024.102434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Weight-based discrimination (WBD) is common and associated with reduced physical and emotional functioning. WBD is common in the workplace, yet no studies have evaluated a WBD intervention delivered in a worksite setting. This study evaluated the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effectiveness of a 3-hour, remote-delivered WBD intervention at a large public university. Six workshops including 94 participants (41.76 ± 9.37 y; 92.8% women) were delivered December 2020 through May 2021; 88.3% of participants enrolled in the study and 88.8% of enrolled participants completed pre- and post-intervention surveys. Participants strongly agreed the workshop contributed to a more inclusive work environment (M=4.98 ± 0.2; 1 =Strongly Disagree to 5 =Strongly Agree); and was highly needed (4.9 ± 0.3) and liked (4.8 ± 0.5). Qualitative feedback cited benefits of remote delivery in providing body size anonymity and wanting access to intervention materials and more time for discussion and action steps to reduce WBD. Participants experienced significant, medium reductions in explicit weight bias (ps < .001), significant, small reductions in weight bias internalization (p < .001), and statistically non-significant (p = .08), small-to-medium reductions in implicit bias. Targeting worksites as a delivery mechanism has the potential to reduce WBD, thereby improving the health and well-being of diverse employees and creating a more inclusive workspace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nichole R Kelly
- Counseling Psychology and Human Services, University of Oregon, USA; The Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, USA.
| | - Maggie L Osa
- Counseling Psychology and Human Services, University of Oregon, USA; The Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, USA
| | - Gabriella Luther
- Counseling Psychology and Human Services, University of Oregon, USA; The Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, USA
| | - Claire Guidinger
- Counseling Psychology and Human Services, University of Oregon, USA; The Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, USA
| | - Austin Folger
- Counseling Psychology and Human Services, University of Oregon, USA; The Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, USA
| | - Gina Williamson
- Counseling Psychology and Human Services, University of Oregon, USA; The Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, USA
| | - Juliana Esquivel
- Counseling Psychology and Human Services, University of Oregon, USA; The Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, USA
| | - Elizabeth L Budd
- Counseling Psychology and Human Services, University of Oregon, USA; The Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, USA
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5
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Smith SS, Ten Hoor GA, Lakhote N, Massar K. Emotion in Motion: Weight Bias Internalization, Exercise Avoidance, and Fitness-Related Self-Conscious Emotions. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:955. [PMID: 38786367 PMCID: PMC11121544 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12100955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Weight bias internalization (WBI), the process of internalizing negative attitudes and stereotypes towards overweight individuals, significantly impacts self-worth and health behaviors, such as exercise avoidance. In the current study, we focused on the mediating role of fitness-related self-conscious emotions, particularly shame and guilt. A cross-sectional study involving 150 self-described overweight Dutch women (age M = 49.63 ± 10.72) was conducted online. Participants completed measures assessing weight bias internalization, exercise avoidance, and body/fitness-related self-conscious emotions. Data were analyzed using linear regression and mediation analysis, controlling for age, BMI, and exercise frequency. The results show that weight bias internalization, guilt-free shame, and shame-free guilt uniquely predict exercise avoidance. Guilt-free shame partially mediated the relationship between weight bias internalization and exercise avoidance, indicating that increased internalized weight bias led to higher levels of guilt-free shame, which in turn contributed to exercise avoidance. Shame-free guilt did not act as a unique mediator. These findings underscore the importance of addressing weight bias internalization and fitness-related self-conscious emotions, particularly guilt-free shame, in interventions targeting exercise avoidance among overweight individuals. Strategies promoting self-compassion and reducing shame may prove beneficial in improving exercise behaviors and overall well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Karlijn Massar
- Department of Work & Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology & Neuroscience, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (S.S.S.); (G.A.T.H.); (N.L.)
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6
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Nutter S, Eggerichs LA, Nagpal TS, Ramos Salas X, Chin Chea C, Saiful S, Ralston J, Barata-Cavalcanti O, Batz C, Baur LA, Birney S, Bryant S, Buse K, Cardel MI, Chugh A, Cuevas A, Farmer M, Ibrahim A, Kataria I, Kotz C, Kyle T, le Brocq S, Mooney V, Mullen C, Nadglowski J, Neveux M, Papapietro K, Powis J, Puhl RM, Rea Ruanova B, Saunders JF, Stanford FC, Stephen O, Tham KW, Urudinachi A, Vejar-Renteria L, Walwyn D, Wilding J, Yusop S. Changing the global obesity narrative to recognize and reduce weight stigma: A position statement from the World Obesity Federation. Obes Rev 2024; 25:e13642. [PMID: 37846179 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Weight stigma, defined as pervasive misconceptions and stereotypes associated with higher body weight, is both a social determinant of health and a human rights issue. It is imperative to consider how weight stigma may be impeding health promotion efforts on a global scale. The World Obesity Federation (WOF) convened a global working group of practitioners, researchers, policymakers, youth advocates, and individuals with lived experience of obesity to consider the ways that global obesity narratives may contribute to weight stigma. Specifically, the working group focused on how overall obesity narratives, food and physical activity narratives, and scientific and public-facing language may contribute to weight stigma. The impact of weight stigma across the lifespan was also considered. Taking a global perspective, nine recommendations resulted from this work for global health research and health promotion efforts that can help to reduce harmful obesity narratives, both inside and outside health contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Nutter
- Educational Psychology and Leadership Studies, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Laura A Eggerichs
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Taniya S Nagpal
- Department of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Ximena Ramos Salas
- Replica Communications, Kristianstad, Sweden
- Obesity Canada, Edmonton, Canada
- European Association for the Study of Obesity, Teddington, UK
| | - Christine Chin Chea
- Internal and Obesity Medicine, University of the West Indies School of Clinical Medicine and Research, Nassau, Bahamas
| | | | | | | | - Claudia Batz
- George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, Australia
| | - Louise A Baur
- Children's Hospital Westmead Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Susie Birney
- Irish Coalition for People Living with Obesity, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sheree Bryant
- European Association for the Study of Obesity, Teddington, UK
| | - Kent Buse
- George Institute for Global Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Michelle I Cardel
- WW International, Inc., Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | | | - Ada Cuevas
- Advanced Center for Metabolic Medicine and Nutrition (CAMMYN), Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Allison Ibrahim
- Educational Consultant and Patient Advocate, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Ishu Kataria
- Center for Global Noncommunicable Diseases, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Catherine Kotz
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, and the Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Care, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Ted Kyle
- ConscienHealth, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sara le Brocq
- National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, London, UK
| | - Vicki Mooney
- European Coalition for People Living with Obesity, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Clare Mullen
- Health Consumers' Council WA, Mount Lawley, Australia
| | | | | | - Karin Papapietro
- Nutrition Unit, Hospital Clínico de La Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Rebecca M Puhl
- Rudd Center for Food Policy and Obesity, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - Jessica F Saunders
- Psychology Convening Group, Ramapo College of New Jersey, Mahwah, New Jersey, USA
| | - Fatima Cody Stanford
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Pediatric Endocrinology, Nutrition Obesity Research Center at Harvard, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ogweno Stephen
- Global Health Medicine And Health, Faculty of Biology, University Of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Kwang Wei Tham
- Singapore Association for the Study of Obesity, Singapore
| | | | - Lesly Vejar-Renteria
- Nutrition and Health Research Center, National Institute of Public Health Mexico, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | | | - John Wilding
- World Obesity Federation, London, UK
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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7
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Perera M, Hawk GS, Nagpal TS, Tinius RA. Social support for exercise from pregnancy to postpartum and the potential impact of a mobile application: A randomized control pilot trial in Southern United States. Prev Med Rep 2023; 36:102485. [PMID: 37954963 PMCID: PMC10637991 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2023.102485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
This study compared perceived social support among women of all body mass index (BMI) categories with an attempt to assess the efficacy of the BumptUp® mobile application to improve social support for exercise during pregnancy and postpartum. Thirty-five pregnant women living in Southern United States were included in the sample. The intervention group received access to the BumptUp® mobile application that was designed to promote physical activity during pregnancy and postpartum. The control group received an evidence-based educational brochure. Perceived social support for exercise was assessed at four-time points using the social support and exercise survey. Outcomes were evaluated at 23-25, 35-37 gestational weeks, and 6 and 12 weeks postpartum. Based on their pre-pregnancy weight and height, BMI was computed to categorize participants into lean, overweight, and obese groups. Social support across BMI categories and between control and intervention groups were compared using linear mixed-effect models. Women grouped in the overweight and obese BMI categories reported receiving significantly lower levels of social support for exercise than women in the lean category throughout pregnancy and postpartum during mid-pregnancy, late pregnancy, and at 12 weeks postpartum (p < 0.05). Although the intervention group received higher social support than the control group throughout all four assessment points, the difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Women with a pre-pregnancy BMI of overweight and obese received lower social support for exercise during pregnancy and postpartum. The efficacy of BumptUp® to improve perceived social support for exercise in pregnancy and postpartum was not evident in the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhawa Perera
- Exercise Science, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY 42101, USA
| | - Gregory S. Hawk
- Department of Statistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Taniya S. Nagpal
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Rachel A. Tinius
- Exercise Science, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY 42101, USA
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Alleva JM, Custers M, Wu Y, Martijn C. Psychometric properties of a Dutch translation of the Functionality Appreciation Scale (FAS) among adults in the Netherlands. Body Image 2023; 47:101624. [PMID: 37738776 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2023.101624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
The Functionality Appreciation Scale (FAS; Alleva et al., 2017) measures functionality appreciation, the extent to which people appreciate their body for what it is able to do. We translated the FAS to Dutch and evaluated its factor structure and psychometric properties among 471 native Dutch speakers in the Netherlands (255 cisgender women, 204 cisgender men, 8 nonbinary, 1 "other," 3 "rather not say") who were between 18 and 85 years old. Participants completed the Dutch translation of the FAS, followed by questionnaires to assess additional variables of interest (body appreciation, appearance satisfaction, self-esteem, and gratitude). Exploratory factor analysis showed that Dutch FAS scores demonstrated a unidimensional factor structure. Dutch FAS scores demonstrated acceptable internal consistency and construct validity via their positive associations with the additional variables of interest. Dutch FAS scores also demonstrated gender invariance, and women reported higher functionality appreciation than men. Dutch FAS scores evidenced incremental validity for gratitude (but not self-esteem), and were inversely correlated with age and body mass index. Last, 2-week test-retest reliability of the Dutch FAS scores was supported. Overall, these findings provide support that the Dutch FAS is a psychometrically sound instrument to assess functionality appreciation among Dutch speaking adults in the Netherlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Alleva
- Department of Clinical Psychological Science, Maastricht University, the Netherlands.
| | - Marieke Custers
- Department of Clinical Psychological Science, Maastricht University, the Netherlands
| | - Yi Wu
- Department of Clinical Psychological Science, Maastricht University, the Netherlands
| | - Carolien Martijn
- Department of Clinical Psychological Science, Maastricht University, the Netherlands
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9
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Saffari M, Chen IH, Huang PC, O’Brien KS, Hsieh YP, Chen JK, Chang YH, Jiang X, Bevan N, Chang YL, Chen JS, Tsai CC, Griffiths MD, Lin CY. Measurement Invariance and Psychometric Evaluation of the Tendency to Avoid Physical Activity and Sport Scale (TAPAS) Among Mainland Chinese University Students. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2023; 16:3821-3836. [PMID: 37724136 PMCID: PMC10505390 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s425804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Preventative factors in young people's physical inactivity require further understanding, including related psychosocial factors (eg, body image and weight stigma). The Tendency to Avoid Physical Activity and Sport Scale (TAPAS) is a recently developed instrument to address this issue and the present study examined its psychometric properties among Chinese university students particularly in relation to patterns across sex, physical activity (PA) level, and weight status. Methods Using a convenience sample of 3142 students (mean age = 19.8 years; 56% female) in mainland China, data were collected using an online survey between August and October 2022. Psychometric instruments including the Weight Bias Internalization Scale, 21-item Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale, and International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form were administered along with the TAPAS to assess convergent and discriminant validity. Multi-group confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) assessed the measurement invariance across specific groups. Results The unidimensional structure of the scale was confirmed through CFA (CFI=0.995; RMSEA=0.046). All configural, metric and scalar models of invariance indicated that the scale was invariant across sex, PA level, and weight status. Acceptable convergent and discriminant validity for the scale were found. Conclusion The TAPAS is a suitable instrument to assess body image and weight stigma concerns for avoiding physical activity and sport among Chinese university students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Saffari
- Health Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Health Education Department, Faculty of Health, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - I-Hua Chen
- Chinese Academy of Education Big Data, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Po-Ching Huang
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Kerry S O’Brien
- School of Social Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Yi-Ping Hsieh
- Department of Social Work, College of Nursing and Professional Disciplines, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Ji-Kang Chen
- Department of Social Work, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Yun-Hsuan Chang
- Institute of Gerontology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Institute of Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Psychology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Institute of Genomics and Bioinformatics, College of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Xingyong Jiang
- Yangan Primary School of Qionglai City, Qionglai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nadia Bevan
- School of Social Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Yen-Ling Chang
- Department of Family Medicine, Cardinal Tien Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Sheng Chen
- Department of Medical Research, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chung Tsai
- Department of Pediatrics, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Mark D Griffiths
- International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Chung-Ying Lin
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Biostatistics Consulting Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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10
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Krobath DM, Cuevas AG, Allen JD, Chung M, Economos CD, Mistry J. The Influence of Contested Racial Identity and Perceived Everyday Discrimination Exposure on Body Mass Index in US Adults. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2023:10.1007/s40615-023-01774-4. [PMID: 37668959 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-023-01774-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Contested racial identity-the discrepancy between one's self-identified race and socially assigned race-is a social determinant of health and may contribute to overweight and obesity. Obesity is associated with a host of short- and long-term health conditions, including cardiovascular disease, a leading cause of death. Individuals racialized as Black, Hispanic, and Latino are at the greatest risk of obesity. Previous research indicates that experiencing interpersonal discrimination is associated with higher body mass index (BMI) in adults, and individuals with a contested racial identity are disproportionately exposed to interpersonal discrimination. However, the association between BMI and contested racial identity is unknown. This cross-sectional study measured the relationship between contested racial identity and perceived everyday discrimination on BMI in a nationally representative sample of US adults. Contested racial identity was measured with a binary variable indicating agreement between participants' self-identified race and socially assigned race. Weighted unadjusted and adjusted multiple linear regression models quantified the associations between BMI and contested racial identity with and without the mean discrimination score. Covariates included nativity status, income, education, racial identity salience, gender, and age. Among 1689 participants, 18.3% had a contested racial identity. Contested identity was associated with significantly higher BMI (β = 1.01, 95% CI = 0.06, 1.92), but the relationship was attenuated when adjusting for interpersonal discrimination, suggesting that individuals with contested identity may face a greater risk of obesity due to their disproportionately high exposure to interpersonal racial discrimination. Further research is needed to elucidate the impact of racism on BMI and obesity risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle M Krobath
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, 150 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.
- Eliot-Pearson Department of Child Study and Human Development, Tufts University, 105 College Ave, Medford, MA, 02155, USA.
| | - Adolfo G Cuevas
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, New York University School of Global Public Health, 708 Broadway, New York, NY, 10003, USA
- Center for Anti-Racism, Social Justice, and Public Health, New York University School of Global Public Health, 708 Broadway, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | | | - Mei Chung
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, 150 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Christina D Economos
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, 150 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Jayanthi Mistry
- Eliot-Pearson Department of Child Study and Human Development, Tufts University, 105 College Ave, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
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Gerend MA, Zetrenne S, Sutin AR, Naar S, Maner JK. Weight Discrimination and Health Risk Behavior in Racial, Ethnic, and Sexual Minority Adults. Ann Behav Med 2023; 57:571-581. [PMID: 37061832 DOI: 10.1093/abm/kaad003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with obesity face significant discrimination due to their weight. Exposure to such discrimination is associated with poor health outcomes. Little is known about pathways that explain that association, and even less is known about those pathways in racial, ethnic, and sexual minorities. Health risk behaviors may serve as one such pathway. PURPOSE We examined associations between weight discrimination and health risk behaviors and assessed whether associations are moderated by gender, race, ethnicity, or sexual orientation. METHODS Quota sampling was used to oversample Black (36%), Latino (36%), and sexual minority (29%) adults (n = 2,632) who completed an online survey. Using regression analysis, health risk behaviors (maladaptive eating behaviors, physical inactivity, sitting, smoking, alcohol use, and sleep disturbance) were predicted from previous experience with weight discrimination while controlling for demographic characteristics, BMI, and depressive symptoms. Additional analyses tested for interactions between weight discrimination and key demographic variables (i.e., gender, race, ethnicity, and sexual minority status). RESULTS Weight discrimination was associated with greater emotional eating, binge eating, unhealthy weight control behaviors, cigarette smoking, problematic alcohol use, and sleep disturbance. Gender moderated the association between weight discrimination and binge eating, alcohol use, and physical activity, with stronger effects observed in men than women. Exploratory analyses provided limited evidence for differential effects of weight discrimination across specific combinations of intersecting identities. CONCLUSIONS Weight discrimination was associated with engagement in unhealthy behaviors and relationships were largely similar across diverse demographic groups. Health risk behaviors may represent a key pathway through which weight discrimination harms health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary A Gerend
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | | | - Angelina R Sutin
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Sylvie Naar
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Jon K Maner
- Department of Psychology, College of Arts and Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
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12
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Abstract
Weight stigma is prevalent with negative consequences for health and well-being. This problem is present in health care; stigmatizing attitudes toward patients with obesity are expressed by medical professionals across diverse specialties and patient care settings. This article summarizes the ways in which weight stigma creates barriers to effective care, including poor patient-provider communication, reduced quality of care, and healthcare avoidance. Priorities for stigma reduction in healthcare are discussed, with a clear need for multifaceted approaches and inclusion of people with obesity whose perspectives can inform strategies to effectively remove bias-related barriers to patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M Puhl
- Rudd Center for Food Policy & Health, University of Connecticut, One Constitution Plaza, Suite 600, Hartford, CT 06103, USA; Department of Human Development & Family Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA.
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13
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Cullin JM. Biological normalcy and body fat: Obesity prevalence, fat stigma, and allostatic load among late adolescents and young adults. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2023. [PMID: 37096804 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Biological normalcy provides a framework to assess tensions between clinical definitions of "normal," statistical norms, and normative beliefs. A prevailing cultural belief is obesity directly causes poor health, but research has demonstrated consequences of fat stigma. Previous research linked fat stigma and allostatic load (AL) in adults, but this has not been demonstrated in youth, and the role of obesity prevalence is unknown. This study assesses the relationship between fat stigma and AL among youth from counties varying by obesity prevalence. MATERIALS AND METHODS Undergraduates from 38 counties across the US state of Indiana (n = 175) were recruited. Fat stigma was measured using the brief stigmatizing situations inventory (SSI). AL was calculated using eight biomarkers representing cardiovascular, metabolic, and immune function. Poisson regression assessed relationships of interest and adjusted for potential confounding. An interaction term and stratified analyses were used to assess moderation. RESULTS SSI was not statistically associated with obesity prevalence (RR = 0.96, p = 0.173) but did statistically significantly predict AL (RR = 1.019, p = 0.045) when adjusting for confounders. Obesity prevalence moderated the relationship between SSI and AL (RR = 0.993, p = 0.001). DISCUSSION Results suggest that fat stigma, regardless of body fat percentage, is associated with physiologic wear and tear on the late adolescent body, and that exposure to obesity during earlier adolescence moderates this relationship. Those most at risk for high AL reported high fat stigma and lived in counties with relatively low obesity prevalence during earlier adolescence, suggesting vulnerability to fat stigma may be heightened where obesity is less common.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Cullin
- Department of Anthropology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
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14
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Roberts KJ, Chaves E. Beyond Binge Eating: The Impact of Implicit Biases in Healthcare on Youth with Disordered Eating and Obesity. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15081861. [PMID: 37111080 PMCID: PMC10146797 DOI: 10.3390/nu15081861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Obesity and eating disorders (ED) can coexist resulting in worse health outcomes. Youth with ED are more likely to have obesity relative to peers with a healthy weight. Pediatric providers deliver first-line care to children and youth of all sizes and body shapes from infancy to adolescents. As healthcare providers (HCPs), we bring biases into our practice. Learning to recognize and address these biases is needed to provide the best care for youth with obesity. (2) Purpose: This paper aims to summarize the literature regarding the prevalence of ED beyond binge eating in youth with obesity and discuss how the intersection of weight, gender, and racial biases impact the assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of ED. We provide recommendations for practice and considerations for research and policy. (3) Conclusions: The assessment and treatment of ED and disordered eating behaviors (DEBs) in youth with obesity is complex and requires a holistic approach. This approach begins with identifying and understanding how one's implicit biases impact care. Providing care from a patient-centers lens, which considers how the intersection of multiple stigmatized identities increases the risk for DEBs in youth with obesity may improve long-term health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karyn J Roberts
- College of Nursing, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 1921 E Hartford Avenue, Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Eileen Chaves
- Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University, 700 Children's Drive, Jwest 3rd Floor Columbus, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
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15
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Esmonde K. Exercising Caution: A Case for Ethics Analysis in Physical Activity Promotion. Public Health Ethics 2023. [DOI: 10.1093/phe/phad004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractDespite the important role of physical activity in population health and well-being, it has received less focus in public health ethics as compared to other modifiable lifestyle factors such as smoking and diet. However, when considering the current and potential role of physical activity within public health—including interventions and policies to encourage physical activity in schools and workplaces, changes to the built environment and the equity issues associated with access to physical activity—it is a ripe territory for ethical analysis. This paper makes a case for a more sustained focus on physical activity within public health ethics by reviewing two ethical issues within physical activity and public health: physical activity inequity as a structural injustice issue, and stigma in physical activity promotion. While the benefits of physical activity for every age group and demographic are numerous, ethics oversight is encouraged to ensure that these efforts do not impose unnecessary risks or stigmatize marginalized populations.
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16
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Lucibello KM, Sabiston CM, Pila E, Arbour-Nicitopoulos K. An integrative model of weight stigma, body image, and physical activity in adolescents. Body Image 2023; 45:1-10. [PMID: 36731346 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2023.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Negative weight-related experiences and internalized weight stigma have been associated with poorer body image and reduced physical activity in adolescents. However, exploring body image and physical activity as discrete weight stigma outcomes fails to consider the theoretically- and empirically-supported covariation between the two. The present study tested a novel integrated model of the associations among negative weight-related experiences and internalized weight stigma (via weight-related distress), body image (shame, authentic pride, body appreciation), and physical activity. Canadian adolescents (N = 311, Mage ± SD = 16.00 ± 1.01, 75.5% girls) completed a cross-sectional self-report survey. A structural equation model with maximum likelihood robust estimation was tested. Higher negative weight-related experiences were indirectly associated with poorer body image (i.e., higher shame; lower authentic pride and appreciation) through higher weight-related distress. Authentic pride was associated with moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. Higher negative weight-related experiences were indirectly associated with lower physical activity through higher weight-related distress and lower body-related authentic pride. These findings elucidate targetable individual mechanisms and larger systems that could improve body image and foster physical activity among adolescents who encounter negative weight-related experiences and internalized weight stigma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eva Pila
- School of Kinesiology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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17
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Herrick SSC, Duncan LR. "There may not be a rainbow sticker at the door, but there are my rainbow shoes": A qualitative exploration of resilience among LGBTQ+ adults in physical activity contexts. PSYCHOLOGY OF SPORT AND EXERCISE 2023; 64:102324. [PMID: 37665809 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2022.102324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Researchers have identified LGBTQ + -specific stressors that hinder physical activity participation; however, LGBTQ + resilience against these stressors has yet to be explored. The purpose of this study was to gain an understanding of how LGBTQ + resilience is experienced within physical activity. Ten focus groups with LGBTQ + adults (N = 36) were conducted online and subject to abductive thematic analysis. Experiences of individual resilience were conceptualized through the interplay of: (a) persistence-adaptability (ranging from being regimented with physical activity to being flexible and amenable to changes), (b) toughness-tenderness (possessing mental grit to self-kindness), and (c) complaisance-resistance (internalizing to resisting norms that govern physical activity). Participants also described three sites for community resilience: (a) LGBTQ + communities that provided pivotal social support, but rarely for physical activity, (b) digital communities that could support or thwart LGBTQ + resilience, but often prioritized aesthetics, and (c) physical activity communities that supported participation, but often perpetuated LGBTQ + exclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon S C Herrick
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, McGill University, 475 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, QC, H2W 1S4, Canada.
| | - Lindsay R Duncan
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, McGill University, 475 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, QC, H2W 1S4, Canada
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18
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Sánchez-Carracedo D. Obesity stigma and its impact on health: A narrative review. ENDOCRINOL DIAB NUTR 2022; 69:868-877. [PMID: 36446710 DOI: 10.1016/j.endien.2021.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Weight stigma and weight bias are pervasive in our society and are based on wrong assumption that obesity derives basically from a lack self-discipline and personal responsibility, obviating recent evidence showing that obesity is a prevalent, complex, progressive, and relapsing chronic disease that results from the interaction between behavioural, environmental, genetic, and metabolic factors. This narrative review provides an overview of recent research on this problem, mainly focused on the negative impact of weigh stigma on health. Overall, recent evidence shows that weight stigma can contribute to worsening obesity-related problems and creating additional barriers to effective obesity care and prevention. In addition, a brief description of some of the most important international initiatives to address the weight stigma is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Sánchez-Carracedo
- Unidad de Conductas Relacionadas con la Alimentación y el Peso, Departament de Psicologia Clínica i de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Campus de la UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
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19
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Liu W, Chen JS, Gan WY, Poon WC, Tung SEH, Lee LJ, Xu P, Chen IH, Griffiths MD, Lin CY. Associations of Problematic Internet Use, Weight-Related Self-Stigma, and Nomophobia with Physical Activity: Findings from Mainland China, Taiwan, and Malaysia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph191912135. [PMID: 36231435 PMCID: PMC9566738 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Insufficient physical activity is a common problem for university students because they may engage in sedentary lifestyle owing to excessive time spent on their smartphones and social media use. This may result in problematic internet use (PIU) and nomophobia (fear of not having a mobile phone). Moreover, prior evidence shows that weight-related self-stigma is an important factor contributing to low physical activity. Therefore, the present study examined the associations between PIU, nomophobia, and physical activity among university students across mainland China, Taiwan, and Malaysia. Participants (3135 mainland Chinese, 600 Taiwanese, and 622 Malaysian) completed the Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale (BSMAS), Smartphone Application-Based Addiction Scale (SABAS), Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMPQ), Weight Self-Stigma Questionnaire (WSSQ), and International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form (IPAQ-SF). The measurement invariance of the assessed questionnaires was supported across the three regions. The present findings analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling showed that (i) greater nomophobia was associated with higher levels of physical activity, (ii) greater weight-related self-stigma was associated with higher levels of physical activity, and (iii) greater nomophobia was associated with greater weight-related self-stigma. Although the present findings suggest the possibility that experiencing some level of nomophobia or weight-related self-stigma appears to help improve physical activity, it is not recommended that these be encouraged, but reducing PIU should be targeted as a means to improve physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Chinese Academy of Education Big Data, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Jung-Sheng Chen
- Department of Medical Research, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
| | - Wan Ying Gan
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (W.Y.G.); (W.C.P.)
| | - Wai Chuen Poon
- Sunway University Business School, Sunway University, Petaling Jaya 47500, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (W.Y.G.); (W.C.P.)
| | - Serene En Hui Tung
- Division of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Ling Jun Lee
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Ping Xu
- Department of Educational Psychology, School of Leisure Sports and Management, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, China
| | - I-Hua Chen
- Chinese Academy of Education Big Data, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Mark D. Griffiths
- International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG1 4FQ, UK
| | - Chung-Ying Lin
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
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20
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Hooper L, Puhl R, Eisenberg ME, Reicks M, Neumark-Sztainer D. How is weight teasing cross-sectionally and longitudinally associated with health behaviors and weight status among ethnically/racially and socioeconomically diverse young people? Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2022; 19:71. [PMID: 35739552 PMCID: PMC9219184 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-022-01307-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Weight stigma is prevalent among young people and harmful to health. The current study used a health equity lens to examine cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between experiencing weight teasing (a form of weight stigma) with a range of weight-related health behaviors and weight status in an ethnically/racially and socioeconomically diverse sample of young people. We also assessed whether ethnicity/race and adolescent socioeconomic status (SES) operated as effect modifiers in these relationships. Methods Adolescents (n = 1568) were enrolled in EAT 2010–2018 (Eating and Activity over Time) and followed into young adulthood. Weight teasing; screen time; moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA); sleep duration; breakfast frequency; fruit, vegetable, sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB), and fast-food intake; and body mass index (BMI) were assessed at baseline (mean age = 14.4 years) and eight-year follow-up (mean age = 22.2 years). Multivariate linear regression estimated marginal means and 95% confidence intervals. All analyses adjusted for BMI and sociodemographic characteristics. Results Weight teasing was cross-sectionally associated with longer screen time, shorter sleep duration, and higher BMI during adolescence; and cross-sectionally associated with shorter sleep duration, lower breakfast frequency, higher fast-food intake, higher SSB intake, and higher BMI during young adulthood. In the longitudinal analyses, weight teasing was not associated with health behaviors but did predict higher BMI (teased: 28.2 kg/m2, not teased: 26.4 kg/m2, p < 0.001). White and higher adolescent SES subgroups had higher MVPA, more frequent breakfast intake, lower fast-food intake, and lower BMI than their respective counterparts. The relationships between weight teasing and health behaviors and weight status were largely consistent across ethnic/racial and adolescent SES subgroups. Conclusions Findings add to growing evidence that weight-based mistreatment poses a threat to weight-related health and that young people across ethnic/racial and SES subgroups are vulnerable to the negative effects of weight teasing. Limitations include attrition at follow-up and the self-reported nature of many measures. Results suggest a need for increased attention to existing recommendations to reduce weight stigma in young people from diverse ethnic/racial and socioeconomic backgrounds including training for healthcare providers to better equip them to address the harms of weight teasing and foster more compassionate care to promote health-supporting behaviors in young people. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12966-022-01307-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Hooper
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Suite 300, 1300 S, 2nd St., Minneapolis, MN, 55454-1015, USA. .,Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, 225 Food Science and Nutrition, 1334 Eckles Ave, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA.
| | - Rebecca Puhl
- Department of Human Development & Family Sciences, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Connecticut, 348 Mansfield Road, U-1058, Storrs, CT, 06269-1058, USA
| | - Marla E Eisenberg
- Division of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Health, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, 717 Delaware Street SE, 3rd Floor, Minneapolis, MN, 55414, USA
| | - Marla Reicks
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, 225 Food Science and Nutrition, 1334 Eckles Ave, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Dianne Neumark-Sztainer
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Suite 300, 1300 S, 2nd St., Minneapolis, MN, 55454-1015, USA
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21
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Abstract
ABSTRACT Weight stigma is the devaluation of a person because of excess body weight. Individuals who experience stigmatization are at increased risk for adverse physical and psychological health outcomes. This article provides an overview of weight stigma and the implications for nursing practice and policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karyn J Roberts
- Karyn J. Roberts is an adjunct assistant professor at Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine-Department of Pediatrics in Chicago, Ill. and a clinical assistant professor at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee (UW-Milwaukee) College of Nursing in Milwaukee, Wis., where Michele L. Polfuss is an associate professor. She's also the Joint Research Chair in the Nursing of Children at UW-Milwaukee and Children's Hospital of Wisconsin
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22
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Xu P, Chen JS, Chang YL, Wang X, Jiang X, Griffiths MD, Pakpour AH, Lin CY. Gender Differences in the Associations Between Physical Activity, Smartphone Use, and Weight Stigma. Front Public Health 2022; 10:862829. [PMID: 35425758 PMCID: PMC9001944 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.862829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Physical activity (PA) is important for health. However, there is little evidence on how weight stigma, time spent on sedentary activities (including smartphone, social media, online learning), time spent on outdoor activity, and nomophobia associate with PA among Chinese individuals with consideration of gender. The present study examined the aforementioned associations in the COVID-19 pandemic era. Methods University students (N = 3,135; 1,798 females, 1,337 males) with a mean age of 19.65 years (SD = 2.38) years completed an online survey from November to December, 2021. The online survey assessed weight stigma (using the Perceived Weight Stigma Scale and Weight Bias Internalization Scale), PA (using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form), time spent on different activities (using self-designed items for time on smartphone, outdoor activity, social media, and online learning), and nomophobia (using the Nomophobia Questionnaire). Parallel mediation models were constructed (dependent variable: PA; mediators: perceived weight stigma, weight-related self-stigma, time spent on smartphone, time spent on outdoor activity, time spent on social media, and time spent online learning; independent variable: nomophobia) and evaluated using Hayes' Process Macro Model 4 (IBM SPSS 20.0). Results Weight-related self-stigma (β = −0.06; p = 0.03), time spent on outdoor activity (β = 0.21; p < 0.001), time spent on social media (β = 0.07; p = 0.02), time spent on online learning (β = 0.06; p = 0.03), and nomophobia (β = −0.07; p = 0.01) were all significant factors explaining the PA among female participants. Perceived weight stigma (β = −0.07; p = 0.01), time spent on outdoor activity (β = 0.27; p < 0.001), and time spent on online learning (β = 0.10; p = 0.002) were all significant factors explaining PA among male participants. Conclusion Chinese healthcare providers should design programs on weight stigma reduction and outdoor activity improvement to enhance PA among university students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Xu
- Department of Educational Psychology, School of Leisure Sports and Management, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jung-Sheng Chen
- Department of Medical Research, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ling Chang
- Department of Family Medicine, Cardinal Tien Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- School of Leisure Sports and Management, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Mark D Griffiths
- International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Amir H Pakpour
- Department of Nursing, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Chung-Ying Lin
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Biostatistics Consulting Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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23
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Sánchez-Carracedo D. El estigma de la obesidad y su impacto en la salud: una revisión narrativa. ENDOCRINOL DIAB NUTR 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.endinu.2021.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Effects of Weight-Related Self-Stigma and Smartphone Addiction on Female University Students' Physical Activity Levels. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19052631. [PMID: 35270328 PMCID: PMC8909679 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19052631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Physical inactivity is a common health problem in female college students, and factors such as weight self-stigma and smartphone addiction may negatively impact physical activity in this population. The aim of the current study was to investigate the associations between these variables and identify the moderating effects of smartphone addiction between weight stigma and physical activity. Using a cross-sectional study, information on the level of physical activity in the past week, weight-related self-stigma, and smartphone addiction, as well as demographics, were collected via an online survey from 391 female college students in Taiwan. Participants in two groups of moderate to high and low physical activity were compared using a zero-order bivariate correlation in terms of independent variables. A moderated mediation model using Model 14 in the Hayes’ PROCESS macro with 1000 bootstrapping resamples was applied to assess moderation effects. There were significant differences in terms of weight status, smartphone addiction, and weight stigma between active and inactive groups (p < 0.001). All independent variables except for age were positively correlated (0.14 < r < 0.45). Multivariate regression models indicated that weight status was associated with weight stigma (odds ratio [OR] = 9.13, p < 0.001; 95% CI = 6.90, 11.35). Weight status (OR = 0.47, p = 0.03; 95% CI = 0.23, 0.93), weight stigma (OR = 0.96, p = 0.03; 95% CI = 0.922, 0.997), and smartphone addiction (OR = 0.11, p = 0.003; 95% CI = 0.03, 0.47) were associated with physical activity. The moderating role of smartphone addiction on the association between weight stigma and physical activity was also identified (OR = 1.05, p = 0.049; 95% CI = 1.0001, 1.1004). The moderating effect of smartphone addiction on the association between weight stigma and physical activity suggests that designing interventions to address the negative impacts of both weight stigma and smartphone addiction may help to improve physical activity in female college students.
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