1
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Jovanovic D, Poliyodath Mohanan M, Huber SM. Halogen, Chalcogen, Pnictogen, and Tetrel Bonding in Non-Covalent Organocatalysis: An Update. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202404823. [PMID: 38728623 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202404823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
The use of noncovalent interactions based on electrophilic halogen, chalcogen, pnictogen, or tetrel centers in organocatalysis has gained noticeable attention. Herein, we provide an overview on the most important developments in the last years with a clear focus on experimental studies and on catalysts which act via such non-transient interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragana Jovanovic
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Meghana Poliyodath Mohanan
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Stefan M Huber
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
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2
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Camilli L, Hogan C, Romito D, Persichetti L, Caporale A, Palummo M, Di Giovannantonio M, Bonifazi D. On-Surface Molecular Recognition Driven by Chalcogen Bonding. JACS AU 2024; 4:2115-2121. [PMID: 38938818 PMCID: PMC11200221 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.4c00325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Chalcogen bonding interactions (ChBIs) have been widely employed to create ordered noncovalent assemblies in solids and liquids. Yet, their ability to engineer molecular self-assembly on surfaces has not been demonstrated. Here, we report the first demonstration of on-surface molecular recognition solely governed by ChBIs. Scanning tunneling microscopy and ab initio calculations reveal that a pyrenyl derivative can undergo noncovalent chiral dimerization on the Au(111) surface through double Ch···N interactions involving Te- or Se-containing chalcogenazolo pyridine motifs. In contrast, reference chalcogenazole counterparts lacking the pyridyl moiety fail to form regular self-assemblies on Au, resulting in disordered assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Camilli
- Department
of Physics, University of Rome “Tor
Vergata”, via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Conor Hogan
- Department
of Physics, University of Rome “Tor
Vergata”, via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Roma, Italy
- CNR-Istituto
di Struttura della Materia (CNR-ISM), 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Deborah Romito
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Luca Persichetti
- Department
of Physics, University of Rome “Tor
Vergata”, via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Antonio Caporale
- Department
of Physics, University of Rome “Tor
Vergata”, via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Maurizia Palummo
- INFN,
Department of Physics, University of Rome
“Tor Vergata”, via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | | | - Davide Bonifazi
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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3
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Kampes R, Chettri A, Sittig M, Yang G, Zechel S, Kupfer S, Hager MD, Dietzek‐Ivanšić B, Schubert US. An Iridium Complex as Bidentate Halogen Bond-Based Anion Receptor Featuring an IncreasedOptical Response. ChemistryOpen 2024; 13:e202300183. [PMID: 38595069 PMCID: PMC11095211 DOI: 10.1002/open.202300183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
We present a luminescent Ir(III) complex featuring a bidentate halogen bond donor site capable of strong anion binding. The tailor-made Ir(III)(L)2 moiety offers a significantly higher emission quantum yield (8.4 %) compared to previous Ir(III)-based chemo-sensors (2.5 %). The successful binding of chloride, bromide and acetate is demonstrated using emission titrations. These experiments reveal association constants of up to 1.6×105 M-1. Furthermore, a new approach to evaluate the association constant by utilizing the shift of the emission was used for the first time. The experimentally observed characteristics are supported by quantum chemical simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Kampes
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC)Friedrich Schiller University JenaHumboldtstraße 1007743JenaGermany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM)Friedrich Schiller University JenaPhilosophenweg 707743JenaGermany
| | - Avinash Chettri
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology JenaAlbert-Einstein-Straße 907745JenaGermany
- Institute of Physical ChemistryFriedrich Schiller University JenaHelmholtzweg 407743JenaGermany
| | - Maria Sittig
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology JenaAlbert-Einstein-Straße 907745JenaGermany
- Institute of Physical ChemistryFriedrich Schiller University JenaHelmholtzweg 407743JenaGermany
| | - Guangjun Yang
- Institute of Physical ChemistryFriedrich Schiller University JenaHelmholtzweg 407743JenaGermany
| | - Stefan Zechel
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC)Friedrich Schiller University JenaHumboldtstraße 1007743JenaGermany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM)Friedrich Schiller University JenaPhilosophenweg 707743JenaGermany
| | - Stephan Kupfer
- Institute of Physical ChemistryFriedrich Schiller University JenaHelmholtzweg 407743JenaGermany
| | - Martin D. Hager
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC)Friedrich Schiller University JenaHumboldtstraße 1007743JenaGermany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM)Friedrich Schiller University JenaPhilosophenweg 707743JenaGermany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena)Friedrich Schiller University JenaPhilosophenweg 7a07743JenaGermany
| | - Benjamin Dietzek‐Ivanšić
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM)Friedrich Schiller University JenaPhilosophenweg 707743JenaGermany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology JenaAlbert-Einstein-Straße 907745JenaGermany
- Institute of Physical ChemistryFriedrich Schiller University JenaHelmholtzweg 407743JenaGermany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena)Friedrich Schiller University JenaPhilosophenweg 7a07743JenaGermany
| | - Ulrich S. Schubert
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC)Friedrich Schiller University JenaHumboldtstraße 1007743JenaGermany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM)Friedrich Schiller University JenaPhilosophenweg 707743JenaGermany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena)Friedrich Schiller University JenaPhilosophenweg 7a07743JenaGermany
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4
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Dukhnovsky EA, Novikov AS, Kubasov AS, Borisov AV, Sikaona ND, Kirichuk AA, Khrustalev VN, Kritchenkov AS, Tskhovrebov AG. Halogen Bond-Assisted Supramolecular Dimerization of Pyridinium-Fused 1,2,4-Selenadiazoles via Four-Center Se 2N 2 Chalcogen Bonding. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3972. [PMID: 38612782 PMCID: PMC11011651 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The synthesis and structural characterization of α-haloalkyl-substituted pyridinium-fused 1,2,4-selenadiazoles with various counterions is reported herein, demonstrating a strategy for directed supramolecular dimerization in the solid state. The compounds were obtained through a recently discovered 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction between nitriles and bifunctional 2-pyridylselenyl reagents, and their structures were confirmed by the X-ray crystallography. α-Haloalkyl-substituted pyridinium-fused 1,2,4-selenadiazoles exclusively formed supramolecular dimers via four-center Se···N chalcogen bonding, supported by additional halogen bonding involving α-haloalkyl substituents. The introduction of halogens at the α-position of the substituent R in the selenadiazole core proved effective in promoting supramolecular dimerization, which was unaffected by variation of counterions. Additionally, the impact of cocrystallization with a classical halogen bond donor C6F3I3 on the supramolecular assembly was investigated. Non-covalent interactions were studied using density functional theory calculations and topological analysis of the electron density distribution, which indicated that all ChB, XB and HB interactions are purely non-covalent and attractive in nature. This study underscores the potential of halogen and chalcogen bonding in directing the self-assembly of functional supramolecular materials employing 1,2,4-selenadiazoles derived from recently discovered cycloaddition between nitriles and bifunctional 2-pyridylselenyl reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny A. Dukhnovsky
- Research Institute of Chemistry, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, Moscow 117198, Russia
| | - Alexander S. Novikov
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Nab. 7/9, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Alexey S. Kubasov
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prosp. 31, Moscow 119334, Russia
| | - Alexander V. Borisov
- Department of Chemistry, R.E. Alekseev Nizhny Novgorod State Technical University, Minin St., 24, Nizhny Novgorod 603155, Russia
| | - Nkumbu Donovan Sikaona
- Research Institute of Chemistry, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, Moscow 117198, Russia
| | - Anatoly A. Kirichuk
- Research Institute of Chemistry, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, Moscow 117198, Russia
| | - Victor N. Khrustalev
- Research Institute of Chemistry, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, Moscow 117198, Russia
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prosp. 47, Moscow 119334, Russia
| | - Andreii S. Kritchenkov
- Research Institute of Chemistry, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, Moscow 117198, Russia
| | - Alexander G. Tskhovrebov
- Research Institute of Chemistry, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, Moscow 117198, Russia
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5
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Padgett CW, Dean R, Cobb A, Miller A, Goetz A, Bailey S, Hillis K, McMillen C, Toney S, Guillet GL, Lynch W, Pennington WT. Comparison of N···I and N···O Halogen Bonds in Organoiodine Cocrystals of Heterocyclic Aromatic Diazine Mono- N-oxides. CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN 2024; 24:2425-2438. [PMID: 38525103 PMCID: PMC10958445 DOI: 10.1021/acs.cgd.3c01344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
A series of cocrystals of halogen bond donors 1,4-diiodotetrafluorobenzene (p-F4DIB) and tetraiodoethylene (TIE) with five aromatic heterocyclic diazine mono-N-oxides based on pyrazine, tetramethylpyrazine, quinoxaline, phenazine, and pyrimidine as halogen bonding acceptors were studied. Structural analysis of the mono-N-oxides allows comparison of the competitive occurrence of N···I vs O···I interactions and the relative strength and directionality of these two types of interactions. Of the aromatic heterocyclic diazine mono-N-oxide organoiodine cocrystals examined, six exhibited 1:1 stoichiometry, forming chains that utilized both N···I and O···I interactions. Two cocrystals presented 1:1 stoichiometry with exclusive O···I interactions. Two cocrystals displayed a 2:1 stoichiometry-one characterized solely by O···I interactions and the other solely by N···I interactions. We have also compared these interactions to those present in the corresponding diazines, some of which we report here and some which have been previously reported. In addition, a computational analysis using density functional theory (M062X/def2-SVPD) was performed on these two systems and has been compared to the experimental results. The calculated complex formation energies were, on average, 4.7 kJ/mol lower for the I···O halogen bonding interaction as compared to the corresponding N···I interaction. The average I···O interaction distances were calculated to be 0.15 Å shorter than the corresponding I···N interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clifford W Padgett
- Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry and Physics, Georgia Southern University, Savannah, Georgia 31419, United States
| | - Riley Dean
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634-0973, United States
| | - Audrey Cobb
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634-0973, United States
| | - Aubree Miller
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634-0973, United States
| | - Andrew Goetz
- Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry and Physics, Georgia Southern University, Savannah, Georgia 31419, United States
| | - Sam Bailey
- Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry and Physics, Georgia Southern University, Savannah, Georgia 31419, United States
| | - Kyle Hillis
- Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry and Physics, Georgia Southern University, Savannah, Georgia 31419, United States
| | - Colin McMillen
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634-0973, United States
| | - Sydney Toney
- Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry and Physics, Georgia Southern University, Savannah, Georgia 31419, United States
| | - Gary L Guillet
- Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry and Physics, Georgia Southern University, Savannah, Georgia 31419, United States
| | - Will Lynch
- Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry and Physics, Georgia Southern University, Savannah, Georgia 31419, United States
| | - William T Pennington
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634-0973, United States
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6
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Meier E, Seichter W, Mazik M. Combination of Hydrogen and Halogen Bonds in the Crystal Structures of 5-Halogeno-1 H-isatin-3-oximes: Involvement of the Oxime Functionality in Halogen Bonding. Molecules 2024; 29:1174. [PMID: 38474688 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29051174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Various functional groups have been considered as acceptors for halogen bonds, but the oxime functionality has received very little attention in this context. In this study, we focus on the analysis of the hydrogen and halogen bond preferences observed in the crystal structures of 5-halogeno-1H-isatin-3-oximes. These molecules can be involved in various non-covalent interactions, and the competition between these interactions has a decisive influence on their self-organization. In particular, we were interested to see whether the crystal structures of 5-halogeno-1H-isatin-3-oximes, especially bromine- and iodine-substituted ones, are characterized by the presence of halogen bonds formed with the oxime functionality. The oxime group proved its ability to compete with the other strong donor and acceptor sites by participating in the formation of cyclic hydrogen-bonded heterosynthons oxime∙∙∙amide and Ooxime∙∙∙Br/I halogen bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Meier
- Institut Für Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger Straße 29, 09596 Freiberg, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Seichter
- Institut Für Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger Straße 29, 09596 Freiberg, Germany
| | - Monika Mazik
- Institut Für Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger Straße 29, 09596 Freiberg, Germany
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7
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Medvedev AG, Medved'ko AV, Vener MV, Churakov AV, Prikhodchenko PV, Vatsadze SZ. Dioxygen-halogen bonding exemplified by crystalline peroxosolvates of N, N'-bis(haloacetyl) bispidines. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:5195-5206. [PMID: 38261463 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp05834d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
The halogen bonding in molecular crystals and supramolecular assemblies has been widely investigated. Special attention is given to the molecular structures capable of simultaneously exhibiting different types of non-covalent interactions, including conventional hydrogen bonds and halogen bonds. This paper systematically analyzes crystalline peroxosolvates of bispidine-based bis-amide derivatives, containing haloacetic acid residues, namely previously reported 1,1'-(1,5-dimethyl-3,7-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-3,7-diyl)bis(2-iodooethanone) peroxosolvate C13H20I2N2O2·H2O2 (1) and four new crystalline compounds, 1,1'-(1,5-dimethyl-3,7-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-3,7-diyl)bis(2-bromoethanone) peroxosolvate C13H20Br2N2O2·H2O2 (2), 1,1'-(9-hydroperoxy-9-hydroxy-1,5-dimethyl-3,7-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-3,7-diyl)bis(2-iodoethanone) peroxosolvate C13H20I2N2O5·0.5H2O2 (3), 1,1'-(9-hydroperoxy-9-hydroxy-1,5-dimethyl-3,7-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-3,7-diyl)bis(2-bromoethanone) peroxosolvate C13H20Br2N2O5·H2O2 (4), and 1,1'-(9-hydroperoxy-9-hydroxy-1,5-dimethyl-3,7-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-3,7-diyl)bis(2-chloroethanone) peroxosolvate C13H20Cl2N2O5·H2O2 (5). Compounds 2-5 were synthesized for the first time and their crystal structures were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffractometry (SCXRD). To the best of our knowledge, 3-5 are unprecedented crystalline hydrogen peroxide adducts of organic hydroperoxides (R-OOH). Short intermolecular contacts between halogen and hydroperoxo oxygen atoms were found in 1-3. The halogen bonding of C-I(Br) fragments with dioxygen species in compounds 1-3 as well as in the previously reported cocrystal of diacetone diperoxide with triodotrinitrobenzene (6) was identified through reduced density gradient analysis, Hirshfeld surface analysis, and Bader analysis of crystalline electron density. The interactions were quantified using the electron density topological properties acquired from the periodic DFT calculations and evaluated to lie in the range of 9-19 kJ mol-1. A distinctive spectral feature was revealed for this type of interaction, involving a red shift of the characteristic O-O stretching vibration by about 6 cm-1, which appeared in IR spectra as a narrow low-intensity band in the region 837-872 cm-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander G Medvedev
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation.
| | - Aleksei V Medved'ko
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation.
| | - Mikhail V Vener
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation.
| | - Andrei V Churakov
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation.
| | - Petr V Prikhodchenko
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation.
| | - Sergey Z Vatsadze
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation.
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8
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Jiang H, He Y, Lu J, Zheng F, Zhu Z, Yan Y, Sun Q. Unraveling the Mechanisms of On-Surface Photoinduced Reaction with Polarized Light Excitations. ACS NANO 2024; 18:1118-1125. [PMID: 38117979 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c10690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
On-surface reaction has been shown as a powerful strategy to achieve atomically precise nanostructures. Numerous reactions have been realized on surfaces with thermal annealing as the primary excitation. In contrast, far fewer reactions have been triggered by light on surfaces despite its advantages due to the nonthermal process. This is possibly ascribed to our limited understanding on the excitation mechanisms of on-surface photoinduced reactions. In this work, we have studied the photoinduced debrominated coupling by using a linearly polarized light. We successfully achieved the reaction with no annealing process and obtained oligomers as the primary reaction products, which is in contrast with the formation of polymers with traditional thermal treatments. By exploring the dependence of reaction yield on the angle of incidence, we demonstrate an experimental method that can provide fundamental insights. The comparison with the theoretical approximation suggests indirect hot carrier excitation as the leading excitation mechanism. Our results not only provide fundamental insight into the surface photochemical reactions but also set the basis for harnessing light to construct unconventional nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Jiang
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, 200444 Shanghai, China
| | - Yu He
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, 200444 Shanghai, China
| | - Jiayi Lu
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, 200444 Shanghai, China
| | - Fengru Zheng
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, 200444 Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiwen Zhu
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, 200444 Shanghai, China
| | - Yuyi Yan
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, 200444 Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Sun
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, 200444 Shanghai, China
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9
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Vainauskas J, Borchers TH, Arhangelskis M, McCormick McPherson LJ, Spilfogel TS, Hamzehpoor E, Topić F, Coles SJ, Perepichka DF, Barrett CJ, Friščić T. Halogen bonding with carbon: directional assembly of non-derivatised aromatic carbon systems into robust supramolecular ladder architectures. Chem Sci 2023; 14:13031-13041. [PMID: 38023516 PMCID: PMC10664517 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc04191c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon, although the central element in organic chemistry, has been traditionally neglected as a target for directional supramolecular interactions. The design of supramolecular structures involving carbon-rich molecules, such as arene hydrocarbons, has been limited almost exclusively to non-directional π-stacking, or derivatisation with heteroatoms to introduce molecular assembly recognition sites. As a result, the predictable assembly of non-derivatised, carbon-only π-systems using directional non-covalent interactions remains an unsolved fundamental challenge of solid-state supramolecular chemistry. Here, we propose and validate a different paradigm for the reliable assembly of carbon-only aromatic systems into predictable supramolecular architectures: not through non-directional π-stacking, but via specific and directional halogen bonding. We present a systematic experimental, theoretical and database study of halogen bonds to carbon-only π-systems (C-I⋯πC bonds), focusing on the synthesis and structural analysis of cocrystals with diversely-sized and -shaped non-derivatised arenes, from one-ring (benzene) to 15-ring (dicoronylene) polycyclic atomatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and fullerene C60, along with theoretical calculations and a systematic analysis of the Cambridge Structural Database. This study establishes C-I⋯πC bonds as directional interactions to arrange planar and curved carbon-only aromatic systems into predictable supramolecular motifs. In >90% of herein presented structures, the C-I⋯πC bonds to PAHs lead to a general ladder motif, in which the arenes act as the rungs and halogen bond donors as the rails, establishing a unique example of a supramolecular synthon based on carbon-only molecules. Besides fundamental importance in the solid-state and supramolecular chemistry of arenes, this synthon enables access to materials with exciting properties based on simple, non-derivatised aromatic systems, as seen from large red and blue shifts in solid-state luminescence and room-temperature phosphorescence upon cocrystallisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jogirdas Vainauskas
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham Edgbaston Birmingham B15 2TT UK
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University 801 Sherbrooke St. W. H3A 0B8 Montreal Canada
| | - Tristan H Borchers
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham Edgbaston Birmingham B15 2TT UK
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University 801 Sherbrooke St. W. H3A 0B8 Montreal Canada
| | - Mihails Arhangelskis
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw 1 Pasteura Street Warsaw 02-093 Poland
| | - Laura J McCormick McPherson
- EPSRC National Crystallography Service, School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield Southampton UK
| | - Toni S Spilfogel
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University 801 Sherbrooke St. W. H3A 0B8 Montreal Canada
| | - Ehsan Hamzehpoor
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University 801 Sherbrooke St. W. H3A 0B8 Montreal Canada
| | - Filip Topić
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University 801 Sherbrooke St. W. H3A 0B8 Montreal Canada
| | - Simon J Coles
- EPSRC National Crystallography Service, School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield Southampton UK
| | - Dmytro F Perepichka
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University 801 Sherbrooke St. W. H3A 0B8 Montreal Canada
| | - Christopher J Barrett
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University 801 Sherbrooke St. W. H3A 0B8 Montreal Canada
| | - Tomislav Friščić
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham Edgbaston Birmingham B15 2TT UK
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University 801 Sherbrooke St. W. H3A 0B8 Montreal Canada
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10
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Radzhabov AD, Ledneva AI, Soldatova NS, Fedorova II, Ivanov DM, Ivanov AA, Yusubov MS, Kukushkin VY, Postnikov PS. Halogen Bond-Involving Self-Assembly of Iodonium Carboxylates: Adding a Dimension to Supramolecular Architecture. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14642. [PMID: 37834088 PMCID: PMC10573078 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
We designed 0D, 1D, and 2D supramolecular assemblies made of diaryliodonium salts (functioning as double σ-hole donors) and carboxylates (as σ-hole acceptors). The association was based on two charge-supported halogen bonds (XB), which occurred between IIII sites of the iodonium cations and the carboxylate anions. The sequential introduction of the carboxylic groups in the aryl ring of the benzoic acid added a dimension to the 0D supramolecular organization of the benzoate, which furnished 1D-chained and 2D-layered structures when terephthalate and trimesate anions, correspondingly, were applied as XB acceptors. The structure-directing XB were studied using DFT calculations under periodic boundary conditions and were followed by the one-electron-potential analysis and the Bader atoms-in-molecules topological analysis of electron density. These theoretical methods confirmed the existence of the XB and verified the philicities of the interaction partners in the designed solid-state structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirbek D. Radzhabov
- Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk 634050, Russia (N.S.S.); (D.M.I.); (M.S.Y.)
| | - Alyona I. Ledneva
- Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk 634050, Russia (N.S.S.); (D.M.I.); (M.S.Y.)
| | - Natalia S. Soldatova
- Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk 634050, Russia (N.S.S.); (D.M.I.); (M.S.Y.)
| | - Irina I. Fedorova
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia (V.Y.K.)
- Department of Mathematics and Mechanics, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Daniil M. Ivanov
- Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk 634050, Russia (N.S.S.); (D.M.I.); (M.S.Y.)
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia (V.Y.K.)
| | - Alexey A. Ivanov
- Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk 634050, Russia (N.S.S.); (D.M.I.); (M.S.Y.)
| | - Mekhman S. Yusubov
- Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk 634050, Russia (N.S.S.); (D.M.I.); (M.S.Y.)
| | - Vadim Yu. Kukushkin
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia (V.Y.K.)
- Institute of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Altai State University, Barnaul 656049, Russia
| | - Pavel S. Postnikov
- Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk 634050, Russia (N.S.S.); (D.M.I.); (M.S.Y.)
- Department of Solid State Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, 16628 Prague, Czech Republic
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11
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Smirnov AS, Katlenok EA, Mikherdov AS, Kryukova MA, Bokach NA, Kukushkin VY. Halogen Bonding Involving Isomeric Isocyanide/Nitrile Groups. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13324. [PMID: 37686131 PMCID: PMC10487382 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
2,3,5,6-Tetramethyl-1,4-diisocyanobenzene (1), 1,4-diisocyanobenzene (2), and 1,4-dicyanobenzene (3) were co-crystallized with 1,3,5-triiodotrifluorobenzene (1,3,5-FIB) to give three cocrystals, 1·1,3,5-FIB, 2·2(1,3,5-FIB), and 3·2(1,3,5-FIB), which were studied by X-ray diffraction. A common feature of the three structures is the presence of I···Cisocyanide or I···Nnitrile halogen bonds (HaBs), which occurs between an iodine σ-hole and the isocyanide C-(or the nitrile N-) atom. The diisocyanide and dinitrile cocrystals 2·2(1,3,5-FIB) and 3·2(1,3,5-FIB) are isostructural, thus providing a basis for accurate comparison of the two types of noncovalent linkages of C≡N/N≡C groups in the composition of structurally similar entities and in one crystal environment. The bonding situation was studied by a set of theoretical methods. Diisocyanides are more nucleophilic than the dinitrile and they exhibit stronger binding to 1,3,5-FIB. In all structures, the HaBs are mostly determined by the electrostatic interactions, but the dispersion and induction components also provide a noticeable contribution and make the HaBs attractive. Charge transfer has a small contribution (<5%) to the HaB and it is higher for the diisocyanide than for the dinitrile systems. At the same time, diisocyanide and dinitrile structures exhibit typical electron-donor and π-acceptor properties in relation to the HaB donor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey S. Smirnov
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Nab. 7/9, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (A.S.S.); (E.A.K.); (A.S.M.); (M.A.K.); (N.A.B.)
| | - Eugene A. Katlenok
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Nab. 7/9, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (A.S.S.); (E.A.K.); (A.S.M.); (M.A.K.); (N.A.B.)
| | - Alexander S. Mikherdov
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Nab. 7/9, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (A.S.S.); (E.A.K.); (A.S.M.); (M.A.K.); (N.A.B.)
| | - Mariya A. Kryukova
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Nab. 7/9, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (A.S.S.); (E.A.K.); (A.S.M.); (M.A.K.); (N.A.B.)
| | - Nadezhda A. Bokach
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Nab. 7/9, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (A.S.S.); (E.A.K.); (A.S.M.); (M.A.K.); (N.A.B.)
| | - Vadim Yu. Kukushkin
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Nab. 7/9, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (A.S.S.); (E.A.K.); (A.S.M.); (M.A.K.); (N.A.B.)
- Laboratory of Crystal Engineering of Functional Materials, South Ural State University, 76, Lenin Av., 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia
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12
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Liu S, Norikane Y, Kikkawa Y. Two-dimensional molecular networks at the solid/liquid interface and the role of alkyl chains in their building blocks. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 14:872-892. [PMID: 37674543 PMCID: PMC10477993 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.14.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Nanoarchitectonics has attracted increasing attention owing to its potential applications in nanomachines, nanoelectronics, catalysis, and nanopatterning, which can contribute to overcoming global problems related to energy and environment, among others. However, the fabrication of ordered nanoarchitectures remains a challenge, even in two dimensions. Therefore, a deeper understanding of the self-assembly processes and substantial factors for building ordered structures is critical for tailoring flexible and desirable nanoarchitectures. Scanning tunneling microscopy is a powerful tool for revealing the molecular conformations, arrangements, and orientations of two-dimensional (2D) networks on surfaces. The fabrication of 2D assemblies involves non-covalent interactions that play a significant role in the molecular arrangement and orientation. Among the non-covalent interactions, dispersion interactions that derive from alkyl chain units are believed to be weak. However, alkyl chains play an important role in the adsorption onto substrates, as well as in the in-plane intermolecular interactions. In this review, we focus on the role of alkyl chains in the formation of ordered 2D assemblies at the solid/liquid interface. The alkyl chain effects on the 2D assemblies are introduced together with examples documented in the past decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suyi Liu
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8571, Japan
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Yasuo Norikane
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8571, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kikkawa
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
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13
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Wang A, Kennepohl P. Catalytic activation via π-backbonding in halogen bonds. Faraday Discuss 2023; 244:241-251. [PMID: 37186101 DOI: 10.1039/d2fd00140c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The role of halogen bonding (XB) in chemical catalysis has largely involved using XB donors as Lewis acid activators to modulate the reactivity of partner Lewis bases. We explore a more uncommon scenario, where a Lewis base modulates reactivity via a spectator halogen bond interaction. Our computational studies reveal that spectator halogen bonds may play an important role in modulating the rate of SN2 reactions. Most notably, π acceptors such as PF3 significantly decrease the barrier to substitution by decreasing electron density in the very electron rich transition state. Such π-backbonding represents an example of a heretofore unexplored situation in halogen bonding: the combination of both σ-donation and π-backdonation in this "non-covalent" interaction. The broader implications of this observation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Pierre Kennepohl
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
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14
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Wang L, Tan JM, Chen Y, Chen MF, Wong MW. Dispersion-Corrected DFT-D4 Study of the Adsorption of Halobenzenes and 1,3,5-Trihalobenzenes on the Cu(111) Surface─Effect of Sigma Hole Properties. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023. [PMID: 37473457 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c00918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Halogen bonds, characterized by directionality, tunability, hydrophobicity, and variable sizes, are ideal noncovalent interactions to design and control the formation of self-assembled nanostructures. The specific self-assembly cases formed by the halogen-bonding interaction have been well studied by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) experiments and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. However, there is a lack of systematic theoretical adsorption studies on halogenated molecules. In this work, the adsorption of halobenzenes and 1,3,5-trihalobenzenes on the Cu(111) surface was examined by dispersion-corrected DFT methods. The adsorption geometries, noncovalent molecule-surface interactions, electronic densities, and electrostatic potential maps were examined for their most stable adsorption sites using the DFT-D4 method. Our calculations revealed that the iodo compounds favor a different adsorption geometry from aryl chlorides and bromides. Down the halogen group (Cl to I), the adsorption energy increases and the distance between the halogen atom and Cu surface decreases, which indicates stronger molecule-surface interactions. This is supported by the changes in the density of states upon adsorption. Noncovalent interaction analysis was also employed to further understand the nature and relative strength of the molecule-surface interactions. Electrostatic potential maps revealed that the positive character of the halogen sigma hole becomes stronger upon adsorption. Thus, surface adsorption of the halogenated molecule will enhance the formation of intermolecular halogen bonds. The present theoretical findings are expected to contribute toward a more comprehensive understanding of halogen bonding on the Cu(111) surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Jun Min Tan
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Yingqian Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Meng-Fu Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Ming Wah Wong
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
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15
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Tyagi R, Zen A, Voora VK. Quantifying the Impact of Halogenation on Intermolecular Interactions and Binding Modes of Aromatic Molecules. J Phys Chem A 2023. [PMID: 37406194 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c02291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Halogenation of aromatic molecules is frequently used to modulate intermolecular interactions with ramifications for optoelectronic and mechanical properties. In this work, we accurately quantify and understand the nature of intermolecular interactions in perhalogenated benzene (PHB) clusters. Using benchmark binding energies from the fixed-node diffusion Monte Carlo (FN-DMC) method, we show that generalized Kohn-Sham semicanonical projected random phase approximation (GKS-spRPA) plus approximate exchange kernel (AKX) provides reliable interaction energies with mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.23 kcal/mol. Using the GKS-spRPA+AXK method, we quantify the interaction energies of several binding modes of PHB clusters ((C6X6)n; X = F, Cl, Br, I; n = 2, 3). For a given binding mode, the interaction energies increase 3-4 times from X = F to X = I; the X-X binding modes have energies in the range of 2-4 kcal/mol, while the π-π binding mode has interaction energies in the range of 4-12 kcal/mol. SAPT-DFT-based energy decomposition analysis is then used to show that the equilibrium geometries are dictated primarily by the dispersion and exchange interactions. Finally, we test the accuracy of several dispersion-corrected density functional approximations and show that only the r2SCAN-D4 method has a low MAE and correct long-range behavior, which makes it suitable for large-scale simulations and for developing structure-function relationships of halogenated aromatic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritaj Tyagi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Colaba, Mumbai 400005, India
| | - Andrea Zen
- Dipartimento di Fisica Ettore Pancini, Università di Napoli Federico II, Monte S. Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Vamsee K Voora
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Colaba, Mumbai 400005, India
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16
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Tang R, Song Y, Zhang L, Shi Z. Engineering Two-Dimensional Multilevel Supramolecular Assemblies from a Bifunctional Ligand on Au(111). Molecules 2023; 28:5116. [PMID: 37446778 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, we demonstrate the supramolecular assemblies from a bifunctional ligand on Au(111), towards engineering two-dimensional (metal-) organic multilevel nanostructures. The bifunctional ligand employed, including two Br atoms and one carboxylic terminal, offers multiple bonding motifs with different configurations and binding energies. These bonding motifs are highly self-selective and self-recognizable, and thus afford the formation of subunits that contribute to engineering multilevel self-assemblies. Our scanning tunneling microscopy experiments, in combination with the density functional theory calculations, revealed various hydrogen, halogen and alkali-carboxylate bonding motifs dictating the different levels of the assemblies. The multilevel assembly protocol based on a judicious choice of multiple bonding motifs guarantees a deliberate control of surface-confined (metal-) organic nanostructures. Our findings may present new opportunities for the fabrication of complex two-dimensional (metal-) organic nanostructures with potential in applications of functionally diverse nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongyu Tang
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research, School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Yang Song
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Lizhi Zhang
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Ziliang Shi
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research, School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
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17
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Liu JW, Wang Y, Kang LX, Zhao Y, Xing GY, Huang ZY, Zhu YC, Li DY, Liu PN. Two-Dimensional Crystal Transition from Radialene to Cumulene on Ag(111) via Retro-[2 + 1] Cycloaddition. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37289993 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c00962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) crystal-to-crystal transition is an important method in crystal engineering because of its ability to directly create diverse crystal materials from one crystal. However, steering a 2D single-layer crystal-to-crystal transition on surfaces with high chemo- and stereoselectivity under ultra-high vacuum conditions is a great challenge because the transition is a complex dynamic process. Here, we report a highly chemoselective 2D crystal transition from radialene to cumulene with retention of stereoselectivity on Ag(111) via retro-[2 + 1] cycloaddition of three-membered carbon rings and directly visualize the transition process involving a stepwise epitaxial growth mechanism by the combination of scanning tunneling microscopy and non-contact atomic force microscopy. Using progression annealing, we found that isocyanides on Ag(111) at a low annealing temperature underwent sequential [1 + 1 + 1] cycloaddition and enantioselective molecular recognition based on C-H···Cl hydrogen bonding interactions to form 2D triaza[3]radialene crystals. In contrast, a higher annealing temperature induced the transformation of triaza[3]radialenes to generate trans-diaza[3]cumulenes, which were further assembled into 2D cumulene-based crystals through twofold N-Ag-N coordination and C-H···Cl hydrogen bonding interactions. By combining the observed distinct transient intermediates and density functional theory calculations, we demonstrate that the retro-[2 + 1] cycloaddition reaction proceeds via the ring opening of a three-membered carbon ring, sequential dechlorination/hydrogen passivation, and deisocyanation. Our findings provide new insights into the growth mechanism and dynamics of 2D crystals and have implications for controllable crystal engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Li-Xia Kang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Guang-Yan Xing
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zheng-Yang Huang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Ya-Cheng Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Deng-Yuan Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Pei-Nian Liu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
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18
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Côté M, Ovens JS, Bryce DL. Anticooperativity and Competition in Some Cocrystals Featuring Iodine-Nitrogen Halogen Bonds. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202201221. [PMID: 36688875 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202201221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Phenomena such as anticooperativity and competition among non-covalent bond donors and acceptors are key considerations when exploring the polymorphic and stoichiomorphic landscapes of binary and higher-order cocrystalline architectures. We describe the preparation of four cocrystals of 1,3,5-trifluoro-2,4,6-triiodobenzene with N-heterocyclic compounds, namely acridine, 3-aminopyridine, 4-methylaminopyridine, and 1,2-di(4-pyridyl)ethane. The cocrystals, which are characterized by single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction experiments, all show moderately strong and directional iodine⋅⋅⋅nitrogen halogen bonds with reduced distance parameters ranging from 0.79 to 0.92 and carbon-iodine⋅⋅⋅nitrogen bond angles ranging from 165.4(3) to 175.31(7)°. The cocrystal comprising 1,3,5-trifluoro-2,4,6-triiodobenzene and acridine provides a relatively rare example where all three halogen bond donor sites form halogen bonds with three acceptor molecules, overcoming an anticooperative effect. This effect manifests itself through the lengthening of non-halogen-bonded C-I bonds, weakening their potential to form halogen bonds. The effect is only observed once two halogen bonds have been formed to 1,3,5-trifluoro-2,4,6-triiodobenzene; one such bond does not appear to be adequate. Among the four cocrystals studied, competition between the pyridyl nitrogen atoms and the amine nitrogen atoms suggests that the former are the preferred halogen bond acceptors. Analysis by Hirshfeld fingerprint plots and 13 C and 19 F magic-angle spinning solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy provides additional insights into the prevalence of various short contacts in the crystal structures and into the spectral response to halogen-bond-induced cocrystallization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahée Côté
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, K1N6N5, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jeffrey S Ovens
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, K1N6N5, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - David L Bryce
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, K1N6N5, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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19
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Tian Y, Yin D, Yan L. J-aggregation strategy of organic dyes for near-infrared bioimaging and fluorescent image-guided phototherapy. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 15:e1831. [PMID: 35817462 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
With the continuous development of organic materials for optoelectronic devices and biological applications, J-aggregation has attracted a great deal of interest in both dye chemistry and supramolecular chemistry. Except for the characteristic red-shifted absorption and emission, such ordered head-to-tail stacked structures may be accompanied by special properties such as enhanced absorption, narrowed spectral bandwidth, improved photothermal and photodynamic properties, aggregation-induced emission enhancement (AIEE) phenomenon, and so forth. These excellent properties add great potential to J-aggregates for optical imaging and phototherapy in the near-infrared (NIR) region. Despite decades of development, the challenge of rationally designing the molecular structure to adjust intermolecular forces to induce J-aggregation of organic dyes remains significant. In this review, we discuss the formation of J-aggregates in terms of intermolecular interactions and summarize some recent studies on J-aggregation dyes for NIR imaging and phototherapy, to provide a clear direction and reference for designing J-aggregates of near-infrared organic dyes to better enable biological applications. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies Diagnostic Tools > In Vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youliang Tian
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, and Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Dalong Yin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, and Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Lifeng Yan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, and Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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20
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Kikkawa Y, Nagasaki M, Norikane Y. Two-dimensional self-assemblies of azobenzene derivatives: effects of methyl substitution of azobenzene core and alkyl chain length. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:29757-29764. [PMID: 36458744 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp05097h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Elucidating the correlation between the molecular arrangement and physical properties of organic compounds is critical to facilitating the development of advanced functional materials. X-ray structural analyses are generally performed to clarify this relationship. Several attempts have been made to ascertain the links between three-dimensional (3D) crystals and their two-dimensional (2D) structures, which can be revealed by scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) at the molecular level. Thus, 2D self-assemblies of a series of azobenzene derivatives were investigated in this study, and the effects of methyl substitution of the azobenzene core and alkyl chain length on the 2D molecular arrangements at the solid/liquid interface were revealed. Three types of azobenzene derivatives were prepared; these contained azobenzene (Az), 3-methyl azobenzene (MAz), or 3,3'-dimethyl azobenzene (DAz) as cores and alkyloxy chains of different lengths (C8-13) at their 4,4' positions. The 2D structures of the Az and DAz compounds were found to be modulated owing to the odd-even effect of the alkyl chains in a specific chain-length range; this effect was only weakly exhibited by the MAz compounds. This result suggests that only the methyl-group substitution of the azobenzene core significantly affected the 2D structures. The 2D structural features have been discussed in terms of molecular conformation, as well as their correlation with the photo-melting behaviour of the azobenzene derivatives, particularly the MAz compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Kikkawa
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan.
| | - Mayumi Nagasaki
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan.
| | - Yasuo Norikane
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan.
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21
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Ren B, Lu Y, Wang R, Liu H. First-principles study of chalcogen-bonded self-assembly structures on silicene: some insight into the fabrication of molecular architectures on surfaces through chalcogen bonding. Chem Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2022.111763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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22
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Evolution of Br⋯Br contacts in enantioselective molecular recognition during chiral 2D crystallization. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5850. [PMID: 36195587 PMCID: PMC9532412 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33446-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Halogen-mediated interactions play an important role in molecular recognition and crystallization in many chemical and biological systems, whereas their effect on homochiral versus heterochiral recognition and crystallization has rarely been explored. Here we demonstrate the evolution of Br⋯Br contacts in chiral recognition during 2D crystallization. On Ag(100), type I contacts prevail at low coverage and lead to homochiral recognition and the formation of 2D conglomerates; whereas type II contacts mediating heterochiral recognition are suppressed at medium coverage and appear in the racemates induced by structural transitions at high coverage. On Ag(111), type I contacts dominate the 2D crystallization and generate 2D conglomerates exclusively. DFT calculations suggest that the energy difference between type I and type II contacts is reversed upon adsorption due to the substrate induced mismatch energy penalty. This result provides fundamental understanding of halogen-mediated interactions in molecular recognition and crystallization on surface. Halogen-mediated interactions control molecular recognition in many chemical and biological systems. Here, the authors demonstrate two types of Br⋯Br contacts and their importance in chiral on-surface crystallization.
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Wang D, Wang Z, Wu S, Yin X, Tang CS, Feng YP, Wu J, Wee ATS. Realizing Two-Dimensional Supramolecular Arrays of a Spin Molecule via Halogen Bonding. ACS NANOSCIENCE AU 2022; 2:333-340. [PMID: 37102064 PMCID: PMC10125333 DOI: 10.1021/acsnanoscienceau.2c00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Well-ordered spin arrays are desirable for next-generation molecule-based magnetic devices, yet their synthetic method remains a challenging task. Herein, we demonstrate the realization of two-dimensional supramolecular spin arrays on surfaces via halogen-bonding molecular self-assembly. A bromine-terminated perchlorotriphenylmethyl radical with net carbon spin was synthesized and deposited on Au(111) to achieve two-dimensional supramolecular spin arrays. By taking advantage of the diversity of halogen bonds, five supramolecular spin arrays form and are probed by low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy at the single-molecule level. First-principles calculations verify that the formation of three distinct types of halogen bonds can be used to tailor supramolecular spin arrays via molecular coverage and annealing temperature. Our work suggests that supramolecular self-assembly can be a promising method to engineer two-dimensional molecular spin arrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingguan Wang
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117551, Singapore
| | - Zishen Wang
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117551, Singapore
| | - Shaofei Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Xinmao Yin
- Singapore Synchrotron Light Source (SSLS), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117603, Singapore
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of High Temperature Superconductors, Physics Department, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Chi Sin Tang
- Singapore Synchrotron Light Source (SSLS), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117603, Singapore
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, ASTAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Yuan Ping Feng
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117551, Singapore
| | - Jishan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Andrew T S Wee
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117551, Singapore
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24
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Papagna R, Kutzinski D, Huber SM. Polymer‐Bound Halogen Bonding Organocatalysis. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Papagna
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum: Ruhr-Universitat Bochum Chemie und Biochemie GERMANY
| | - Dana Kutzinski
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum: Ruhr-Universitat Bochum Chemie und Biochemie GERMANY
| | - Stefan Matthias Huber
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie NC 4/171Universitätsstraße 150 44801 Bochum GERMANY
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25
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Wang D, Wang Z, Liu W, Zhong S, Feng YP, Loh KP, Wee ATS. Real-Space Investigation of the Multiple Halogen Bonds by Ultrahigh-Resolution Scanning Probe Microscopy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2202368. [PMID: 35719029 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202202368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The chemical bond is of central interest in chemistry, and it is of significance to study the nature of intermolecular bonds in real-space. Herein, non-contact atomic force microscopy (nc-AFM) and low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy (LT-STM) are employed to acquire real-space atomic information of molecular clusters, i.e., monomer, dimer, trimer, tetramer, formed on Au(111). The formation of the various molecular clusters is due to the diversity of halogen bonds. DFT calculation also suggests the formation of three distinct halogen bonds among the molecular clusters, which originates from the noncovalent interactions of Br-atoms with the positive potential H-atoms, neutral potential Br-atoms, and negative potential N-atoms, respectively. This work demonstrates the real-space investigation of the multiple halogen bonds by nc-AFM/LT-STM, indicating the potential use of this technique to study other intermolecular bonds and to understand complex supramolecular assemblies at the atomic/sub-molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingguan Wang
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117551, Singapore
| | - Zishen Wang
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117551, Singapore
| | - Wei Liu
- School of Physics, Southeast University, 2 Southeast University Road, Nanjing, China
| | - Siying Zhong
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117551, Singapore
| | - Yuan Ping Feng
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117551, Singapore
| | - Kian Ping Loh
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Andrew Thye Shen Wee
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117551, Singapore
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26
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Wang D, Lu X, Cai L, Zhang L, Feng S, Zhang W, Yang M, Wu J, Wang Z, Wee ATS. Low-Dimensional Porous Carbon Networks Using Single-/Triple-Coupling Polycyclic Hydrocarbon Precursors. ACS NANO 2022; 16:9843-9851. [PMID: 35657207 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c03909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic hydrocarbons (PHs) share the same hexagonal structure of sp2 carbons as graphene but possess an energy gap due to quantum confinement effect. PHs can be synthesized by a bottom-up strategy starting from small building blocks covalently bonded into large 2D organic sheets. Further investigation of the role of the covalent bonding/coupling ways on their electronic properties is needed. Here, we demonstrate a surface-mediated synthesis of hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene (HBC) and its extended HBC oligomers (dimers, trimers, and tetramers) via single- and triple-coupling ways and reveal the implication of different covalent bonding on their electronic properties. High-resolution low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy and noncontact atomic force microscopy are employed to in situ determine the atomic structures of as-synthesized HBC oligomers. Scanning tunneling spectroscopy measurements show that the length extension of HBC oligomers narrows the energy gap between highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO). Furthermore, the energy gaps of triple-coupling HBC oligomers are smaller and decrease more significantly than that of the single-coupling ones. We hypothesize that the triple coupling promotes a more effective delocalization of π-electrons than the single coupling, according to density functional theory calculations. We also demonstrate that the HBC oligomers can further extend across the substrate steps to achieve conjugated polymers and large-area porous carbon networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingguan Wang
- SZU-NUS Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Science and Technology, International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117551, Singapore
| | - Xuefeng Lu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Liangliang Cai
- SZU-NUS Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Science and Technology, International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117551, Singapore
| | - Lei Zhang
- SZU-NUS Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Science and Technology, International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117551, Singapore
| | - Shuo Feng
- SZU-NUS Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Science and Technology, International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- SZU-NUS Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Science and Technology, International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jishan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Zhuo Wang
- SZU-NUS Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Science and Technology, International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Andrew T S Wee
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117551, Singapore
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Hein R, Beer PD. Halogen bonding and chalcogen bonding mediated sensing. Chem Sci 2022; 13:7098-7125. [PMID: 35799814 PMCID: PMC9214886 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc01800d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sigma-hole interactions, in particular halogen bonding (XB) and chalcogen bonding (ChB), have become indispensable tools in supramolecular chemistry, with wide-ranging applications in crystal engineering, catalysis and materials chemistry as well as anion recognition, transport and sensing. The latter has very rapidly developed in recent years and is becoming a mature research area in its own right. This can be attributed to the numerous advantages sigma-hole interactions imbue in sensor design, in particular high degrees of selectivity, sensitivity and the capability for sensing in aqueous media. Herein, we provide the first detailed overview of all developments in the field of XB and ChB mediated sensing, in particular the detection of anions but also neutral (gaseous) Lewis bases. This includes a wide range of optical colorimetric and luminescent sensors as well as an array of electrochemical sensors, most notably redox-active host systems. In addition, we discuss a range of other sensor designs, including capacitive sensors and chemiresistors, and provide a detailed overview and outlook for future fundamental developments in the field. Importantly the sensing concepts and methodologies described herein for the XB and ChB mediated sensing of anions, are generically applicable for the development of supramolecular receptors and sensors in general, including those for cations and neutral molecules employing a wide array of non-covalent interactions. As such we believe this review to be a useful guide to both the supramolecular and general chemistry community with interests in the fields of host-guest recognition and small molecule sensing. Moreover, we also highlight the need for a broader integration of supramolecular chemistry, analytical chemistry, synthetic chemistry and materials science in the development of the next generation of potent sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Hein
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Paul D Beer
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
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28
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Hein R, Docker A, Davis JJ, Beer PD. Redox-Switchable Chalcogen Bonding for Anion Recognition and Sensing. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:8827-8836. [PMID: 35522996 PMCID: PMC9121379 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c02924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by the success of its related sigma-hole congener halogen bonding (XB), chalcogen bonding (ChB) is emerging as a powerful noncovalent interaction with a plethora of applications in supramolecular chemistry and beyond. Despite its increasing importance, the judicious modulation of ChB donor strength remains a formidable challenge. Herein, we present, for the first time, the reversible and large-scale modulation of ChB potency by electrochemical redox control. This is exemplified by both the switching-ON of anion recognition via ChB oxidative activation of a novel bis(ferrocenyltellurotriazole) anion host and switching-OFF reductive ChB deactivation of anion binding potency with a telluroviologen receptor. The direct linking of the redox-active center and ChB receptor donor sites enables strong coupling, which is reflected by up to a remarkable 3 orders of magnitude modulation of anion binding strength. This is demonstrated through large voltammetric perturbations of the respective receptor ferrocene and viologen redox couples, enabling, for the first time, ChB-mediated electrochemical anion sensing. The sensors not only display significant anion-binding-induced electrochemical responses in competitive aqueous-organic solvent systems but can compete with, or even outperform similar, highly potent XB and HB sensors. These observations serve to highlight a unique (redox) tunability of ChB and pave the way for further exploration of the reversible (redox) modulation of ChB in a wide range of applications, including anion sensors as well as molecular switches and machines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Hein
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Andrew Docker
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Jason J Davis
- Department of Chemistry, Physical & Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, U.K
| | - Paul D Beer
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
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29
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Initial Coupling and Reaction Progression of Directly Deposited Biradical Graphene Nanoribbon Monomers on Iodine-Passivated Versus Pristine Ag(111). CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/chemistry4020020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of widely applicable methods for the synthesis of C-C-bonded nanostructures on inert and insulating surfaces is a challenging yet rewarding milestone in the field of on-surface synthesis. This would enable studies of nearly unperturbed covalent nanostructures with unique electronic properties as graphene nanoribbons (GNR) and π-conjugated 2D polymers. The prevalent Ullmann-type couplings are almost exclusively carried out on metal surfaces to lower the temperature required for initial dehalogenation well below the desorption threshold. To overcome the necessity for the activation of monomers on the target surface, we employ a recently developed Radical Deposition Source (RaDeS) for the direct deposition of radicals onto inert surfaces for subsequent coupling by addition reactions. The radicals are generated en route by indirect deposition of halogenated precursors through a heated reactive tube, where the dehalogenation reaction proceeds. Here, we use the ditopic 6,11-diiodo-1,2,3,4-tetraphenyltriphenylene (DITTP) precursor that afforded chevron-like GNR on Au(111) via the usual two-staged reaction comprised of monomer-coupling into covalent polymers and subsequent formation of an extended GNR by intramolecular cyclodehydrogenation (CDH). As a model system for inert surfaces, we use Ag(111) passivated with a closed monolayer of chemisorbed iodine that behaves in an inert manner with respect to dehalogenation reactions and facilitates the progressive coupling of radicals into extended covalent structures. We deposit the DITTP-derived biradicals onto both iodine-passivated and pristine Ag(111) surfaces. While on the passivated surface, we directly observe the formation of covalent polymers, on pristine Ag(111) organometallic intermediates emerge instead. This has decisive consequences for the further progression of the reaction: heating the organometallic chain directly on Ag(111) results in complete desorption, whereas the covalent polymer on iodine-passivated Ag(111) can be transformed into the GNR. Yet, the respective CDH proceeds directly on Ag(111) after thermal desorption of the iodine passivation. Accordingly, future work is aimed at the further development of approaches for the complete synthesis of GNR on inert surfaces.
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Ibrahim MAA, Saeed RRA, Shehata MNI, Ahmed MN, Shawky AM, Khowdiary MM, Elkaeed EB, Soliman MES, Moussa NAM. Type I-IV Halogen⋯Halogen Interactions: A Comparative Theoretical Study in Halobenzene⋯Halobenzene Homodimers. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:3114. [PMID: 35328534 PMCID: PMC8953242 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In the current study, unexplored type IV halogen⋯halogen interaction was thoroughly elucidated, for the first time, and compared to the well-established types I−III interactions by means of the second-order Møller−Plesset (MP2) method. For this aim, the halobenzene⋯halobenzene homodimers (where halogen = Cl, Br, and I) were designed into four different types, parodying the considered interactions. From the energetic perspective, the preference of scouted homodimers was ascribed to type II interactions (i.e., highest binding energy), whereas the lowest binding energies were discerned in type III interactions. Generally, binding energies of the studied interactions were observed to decline with the decrease in the σ-hole size in the order, C6H5I⋯IC6H5 > C6H5Br⋯BrC6H5 > C6H5Cl⋯ClC6H5 homodimers and the reverse was noticed in the case of type IV interactions. Such peculiar observations were relevant to the ample contributions of negative-belt⋯negative-belt interactions within the C6H5Cl⋯ClC6H5 homodimer. Further, type IV torsional trans → cis interconversion of C6H5X⋯XC6H5 homodimers was investigated to quantify the π⋯π contributions into the total binding energies. Evidently, the energetic features illustrated the amelioration of the considered homodimers (i.e., more negative binding energy) along the prolonged scope of torsional trans → cis interconversion. In turn, these findings outlined the efficiency of the cis configuration over the trans analog. Generally, symmetry-adapted perturbation theory-based energy decomposition analysis (SAPT-EDA) demonstrated the predominance of all the scouted homodimers by the dispersion forces. The obtained results would be beneficial for the omnipresent studies relevant to the applications of halogen bonds in the fields of materials science and crystal engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud A. A. Ibrahim
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt; (R.R.A.S.); (M.N.I.S.); (N.A.M.M.)
| | - Rehab R. A. Saeed
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt; (R.R.A.S.); (M.N.I.S.); (N.A.M.M.)
| | - Mohammed N. I. Shehata
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt; (R.R.A.S.); (M.N.I.S.); (N.A.M.M.)
| | - Muhammad Naeem Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad 13100, Pakistan;
| | - Ahmed M. Shawky
- Science and Technology Unit (STU), Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Manal M. Khowdiary
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-Lith Branch, Makkah 24211, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Eslam B. Elkaeed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Riyadh 13713, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mahmoud E. S. Soliman
- Molecular Modelling and Drug Design Research Group, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Nayra A. M. Moussa
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt; (R.R.A.S.); (M.N.I.S.); (N.A.M.M.)
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31
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Kikkawa Y, Nagasaki M, Tsuzuki S, Fouquet TNJ, Nakamura S, Takenaka Y, Norikane Y, Hiratani K. Well-organised two-dimensional self-assembly controlled by in situ formation of a Cu(II)-coordinated rufigallol derivative: a scanning tunnelling microscopy study. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:1752-1755. [PMID: 35029616 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc05991b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The two-dimensional self-assembly of rufigallol derivatives and their metal coordination were studied by scanning tunnelling microscopy. Ex situ Cu(II)-coordinated rufigallol derivatives exhibited columnar structures with some defects, whereas regular and linear structures were formed upon in situ metal coordination at solid/liquid interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Kikkawa
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan.
| | - Mayumi Nagasaki
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan.
| | - Seiji Tsuzuki
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan.
| | - Thierry N J Fouquet
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan.
| | - Sayaka Nakamura
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan.
| | - Yasumasa Takenaka
- Bioplastic Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yasuo Norikane
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan.
| | - Kazuhisa Hiratani
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan.
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32
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Trandafir A, Pantoş GD, Ilie A. Borazatruxenes as precursors for hybrid C-BN 2D molecular networks. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:1929-1943. [PMID: 35048940 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr07194g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Synthesizing atomically thin, crystalline two-dimensional (2D) molecular materials which combine carbon with other elements is an emerging field requiring both custom-designed molecular precursors and their ability to organize into networks (hydrogen-bonded or covalent). Hybrid carbon-boron nitride (C-BN) networks face the additional challenge of needing hydrolytically-stable BN-containing molecular precursors. Here, we show that borazatruxenes (truxene-like molecules with a borazine core) and their halogenated derivatives are highly stable precursors suitable for on-surface assembly. Using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and density functional theory (DFT) simulations we demonstrate hierarchical H-bonded assembly based on chiral homodimers of tribromo-borazatruxenes (3Br-borazatruxenes) as building blocks for both 1D chains and 2D networks. A low-symmetry, H-bonded chiral 2D lattice forms on Au(111) from the C3-symmetric 3Br-borazatruxenes, leading to large enantiomorphic domains that are molecularly homochiral. Such homochiral segregation is a necessary condition if chiral C-BN covalent networks are to be obtained via subsequent on-surface reactions. We show via DFT that up to two Na atoms can be trapped within the small pores of this dense lattice, while further Na atoms can adsorb on preferred network sites; this leads to hybrid Na-molecular network electronic bands with anisotropic dispersion and significant (up to hundreds of meV) bandwidths, as well as significant doping, that can engender anisotropic transport through the network. Finally, electronic structure comparisons (combining both experiment and computation) between borazatruxene, its tri-brominated derivative and truxene show that the borazine core controls the band gap increase, while also inducing C-B pz-pz electron delocalization that facilitates a continuous electron path across the molecule. Furthermore, as shown by DFT, the borazine core drives inter-layer B-N polar interactions that promote adsorption of BN containing molecules in a staggered configuration, a mechanism to be exploited in layer-by-layer supra-molecular assembly of novel hybrid C-BN materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamaria Trandafir
- Department of Physics, University of Bath, Bath, UK.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, UK
- Centre for Graphene Science, University of Bath, Bath, UK
- Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - G Dan Pantoş
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, UK
- Centre for Graphene Science, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Adelina Ilie
- Department of Physics, University of Bath, Bath, UK.
- Centre for Graphene Science, University of Bath, Bath, UK
- Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Bath, Bath, UK
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33
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Chiral Ferrocenyl–Iodotriazoles and –Iodotriazoliums as Halogen Bond Donors. Synthesis, Solid State Analysis and Catalytic Properties. Eur J Inorg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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34
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Stoesser J, Engelage E, Huber SM. Co-crystallization studies of the syn- and anti-atropisomers of triphenyl-based perfluorinated halogen bond donors with halides. CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ce00973k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Highly fluorinated halogen bond donors (based on meta- or para-terphenyl backbones) with two iodine substituents were co-crystallized with halides. Significant differences in the interaction motifs of the syn- and anti-atropisomers were found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Stoesser
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Elric Engelage
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Stefan M. Huber
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
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35
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Kikkawa Y, Nagasaki M, Koyama E, Ito S, Tsuzuki S. Halogen bond-directed self-assembly in bicomponent blends at the solid/liquid interface: Effect of the alkyl chain substitution position. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:17088-17097. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cp02206k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The fabrication of well-organised molecular assemblies on surfaces is fundamental for the creation of functional molecular systems applicable to nanoelectronics and molecular devices. In this study, we investigated the effect...
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36
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Topaloğlu Aksoy B, Dedeoglu B, Zorlu Y, Ayhan MM, Çoşut B. Exploring halogen⋯halogen interactions in supramolecular self-assemblies of BODIPY networks. CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ce00776b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the efficiency of halogen⋯halogen interactions to control supramolecular assemblies of boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) (B1–B5) derivatives was explored.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Burcu Dedeoglu
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, Kocaeli, 41400, Türkiye
| | - Yunus Zorlu
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, Kocaeli, 41400, Türkiye
| | - Mehmet Menaf Ayhan
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, Kocaeli, 41400, Türkiye
| | - Bünyemin Çoşut
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, Kocaeli, 41400, Türkiye
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37
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Davidson JA, Jenkins SJ, Gorrec F, Clarke SM. 2D constraint modifies packing behaviour: a halobenzene monolayer with X 3 halogen-bonding motif. Mol Phys 2021; 119:e1900940. [PMID: 34848893 PMCID: PMC7612049 DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2021.1900940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Using a combination of X-ray diffraction and simulation techniques, we are able to identify a crystalline monolayer of 1,3,5-triiodotrifluorobenzene formed on graphite. The monolayer is found to exhibit an incommensurate hexagonal unit cell with a lattice parameter of 9.28(7) Å, exhibiting a trigonal arrangement of iodine atoms not found in the bulk structure. DFT simulations have been performed exhibiting close agreement with the experimental structure. Importantly these simulations can be used to compare the strength of the intermolecular interactions both with and without Van der Waals corrections. Thus it is possible to estimate that halogen bonding consists of approximately half the total interaction energy. This demonstrates that despite the presence of strong directional non-covalent bonding, dispersion interactions account for a very significant proportion of the total energy. ![]()
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38
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Mersal GA, Yahia I, El-Sheshtawy HS. Lone pair Halogen (X2)…π Interactions Stabilizes Molecular Halogens (X2=I2, Br2, Cl2, and F2) on Reduced Graphene Oxide surface: Structural, Solvent Effect and optical properties. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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39
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Ivanov DM, Bokach NA, Yu Kukushkin V, Frontera A. Metal Centers as Nucleophiles: Oxymoron of Halogen Bond-Involving Crystal Engineering. Chemistry 2021; 28:e202103173. [PMID: 34623005 PMCID: PMC9298210 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This review highlights recent studies discovering unconventional halogen bonding (HaB) that involves positively charged metal centers. These centers provide their filled d‐orbitals for HaB, and thus behave as nucleophilic components toward the noncovalent interaction. This role of some electron‐rich transition metal centers can be considered an oxymoron in the sense that the metal is, in most cases, formally cationic; consequently, its electron donor function is unexpected. The importance of Ha⋅⋅⋅d‐[M] (Ha=halogen; M is Group 9 (Rh, Ir), 10 (Ni, Pd, Pt), or 11 (Cu, Au)) interactions in crystal engineering is emphasized by showing remarkable examples (reported and uncovered by our processing of the Cambridge Structural Database), where this Ha⋅⋅⋅d‐[M] directional interaction guides the formation of solid supramolecular assemblies of different dimensionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniil M Ivanov
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Nab. 7/9, Saint Petersburg, 199034, Russian Federation
| | - Nadezhda A Bokach
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Nab. 7/9, Saint Petersburg, 199034, Russian Federation
| | - Vadim Yu Kukushkin
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Nab. 7/9, Saint Petersburg, 199034, Russian Federation.,Institute of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Altai State University, Barnaul, 656049, Russian Federation
| | - Antonio Frontera
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca (Baleares), 07122, Spain
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40
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Song S, Wang L, Su J, Xu Z, Hsu CH, Hua C, Lyu P, Li J, Peng X, Kojima T, Nobusue S, Telychko M, Zheng Y, Chuang FC, Sakaguchi H, Wong MW, Lu J. Manifold dynamic non-covalent interactions for steering molecular assembly and cyclization. Chem Sci 2021; 12:11659-11667. [PMID: 34667560 PMCID: PMC8442717 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc03733a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Deciphering rich non-covalent interactions that govern many chemical and biological processes is crucial for the design of drugs and controlling molecular assemblies and their chemical transformations. However, real-space characterization of these weak interactions in complex molecular architectures at the single bond level has been a longstanding challenge. Here, we employed bond-resolved scanning probe microscopy combined with an exhaustive structural search algorithm and quantum chemistry calculations to elucidate multiple non-covalent interactions that control the cohesive molecular clustering of well-designed precursor molecules and their chemical reactions. The presence of two flexible bromo-triphenyl moieties in the precursor leads to the assembly of distinct non-planar dimer and trimer clusters by manifold non-covalent interactions, including hydrogen bonding, halogen bonding, C-H⋯π and lone pair⋯π interactions. The dynamic nature of weak interactions allows for transforming dimers into energetically more favourable trimers as molecular density increases. The formation of trimers also facilitates thermally-triggered intermolecular Ullmann coupling reactions, while the disassembly of dimers favours intramolecular cyclization, as evidenced by bond-resolved imaging of metalorganic intermediates and final products. The richness of manifold non-covalent interactions offers unprecedented opportunities for controlling the assembly of complex molecular architectures and steering on-surface synthesis of quantum nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaotang Song
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543
| | - Lulu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543
| | - Jie Su
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543
| | - Zhen Xu
- Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
| | - Chia-Hsiu Hsu
- Department of Physics, National Sun Yat-sen University Kaohsiung 80424 Taiwan
- Physics Division, National Center for Theoretical Sciences Taipei, 10617 Taiwan
| | - Chenqiang Hua
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, Department of Physics, Zhejiang University Hangzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Pin Lyu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543
| | - Xinnan Peng
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543
| | - Takahiro Kojima
- Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
| | - Shunpei Nobusue
- Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
| | - Mykola Telychko
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543
| | - Yi Zheng
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, Department of Physics, Zhejiang University Hangzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Feng-Chuan Chuang
- Department of Physics, National Sun Yat-sen University Kaohsiung 80424 Taiwan
- Physics Division, National Center for Theoretical Sciences Taipei, 10617 Taiwan
| | - Hiroshi Sakaguchi
- Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
| | - Ming Wah Wong
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543
| | - Jiong Lu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials (CA2DM), National University of Singapore 6 Science Drive 2 Singapore 117546 Singapore
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41
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Shigeta Y, Nanko R, Amemori S, Mizuno M. Coordination-based vapochromic behavior of a luminescent Pt(ii) complex with potassium ions. RSC Adv 2021; 11:30046-30053. [PMID: 35480267 PMCID: PMC9040898 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra05236e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Vapochromic Pt(ii) complexes that exhibit color and luminescence changes induced by the presence of vapor molecules have drawn considerable attention because of their potential use as vapor sensors. Generally, the vapochromic responsiveness of Pt(ii)-based complexes is difficult to envisage, because a typical molecular design facilitates the stabilization of a vapor-adsorbed form through weak intermolecular interactions. Herein, we investigate the vapochromic behavior of a Pt(ii) complex with potassium ions, which act as vapor coordination sites, by strongly stabilizing the vapor-adsorbed form. Upon exposure to N,N-dimethylacetamide and N,N-dimethylformamide vapors, the complex exhibits crystal structural transformation with luminescence spectral changes. Crystal structural analysis indicates that the vapor molecules are coordinated to the potassium ions after vapor exposure. This study suggests the possibility of inducing Pt(ii)-based vapochromic responsiveness through establishing potassium-ion-based vapor coordination sites. A luminescent Pt(ii) complex with potassium ions was successfully synthesized and its coordination-based vapochromic behavior was investigated.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Shigeta
- NanoMaterials Research Institute, Kanazawa University Kanazawa 920-1192 Japan
| | - Ryota Nanko
- School of Chemistry, College of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University Kanazawa 920-1192 Japan
| | - Shogo Amemori
- NanoMaterials Research Institute, Kanazawa University Kanazawa 920-1192 Japan .,Graguate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University Kanazawa 920-1192 Japan.,Institute of Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University Kanazawa 920-1192 Japan
| | - Motohiro Mizuno
- NanoMaterials Research Institute, Kanazawa University Kanazawa 920-1192 Japan .,Graguate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University Kanazawa 920-1192 Japan.,Institute of Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University Kanazawa 920-1192 Japan
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42
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The Isocyanide Complexes cis-[MCl2(CNC6H4-4-X)2] (M = Pd, Pt; X = Cl, Br) as Tectons in Crystal Engineering Involving Halogen Bonds. CRYSTALS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst11070799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The isocyanide complexes cis-[MCl2(CNC6H4-4-X)2] (M = Pd; X = Cl, Br; M = Pt; X = Br) form isomorphous crystal structures exhibiting the Cl/Br and Pd/Pt exchanges featuring 1D chains upon crystallisation. Crystal packing is supported by the C–X···X–C halogen bonds (HaBs), C–H···X–C hydrogen bonds (HB), X···M semicoordination, and C···C contacts between the C atoms of aryl isocyanide ligands. The results of DFT calculations and topological analysis indicate that all the above contact types belong to attractive noncovalent interactions. A projection of the electron localization function (ELF) and an inspection of the electron density (ED) and the electrostatic potential (ESP) reveal the amphiphilic nature of X atoms playing the role of HaB donors, HaB and HB acceptors, and a nucleophilic partner in X···M semicoordination.
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43
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Dunning TJ, Unruh DK, Bosch E, Groeneman RH. Controlling Topology within Halogen-Bonded Networks by Varying the Regiochemistry of the Cyclobutane-Based Nodes. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26113152. [PMID: 34070443 PMCID: PMC8197507 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of a pair of extended networks sustained by halogen bonds based upon two regioisomers of a photoproduct, namely rctt-1,3-bis(4-pyridyl)-2,4-bis(phenyl)cyclobutane (ht-PP) and rctt-1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)-3,4-bis(phenyl)cyclobutane (hh-PP), that have varied topology is reported. These networks are held together via I⋯N halogen bonds between the photoproduct and the halogen-bond donor 1,4-diiodoperchlorobenzene (C6I2Cl4). The observed topology in each solid is controlled by the regiochemical position of the halogen-bond accepting 4-pyridyl group. This paper demonstrates the ability to vary the topology of molecular networks by altering the position of the halogen bond acceptor within the cyclobutane-based node.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor J. Dunning
- Department of Biological Sciences, Webster University, St. Louis, MO 63119, USA;
| | - Daniel K. Unruh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA;
| | - Eric Bosch
- Department of Chemistry, Missouri State University, Springfield, MO 65897, USA;
| | - Ryan H. Groeneman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Webster University, St. Louis, MO 63119, USA;
- Correspondence:
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44
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The Amine Group as Halogen Bond Acceptor in Cocrystals of Aromatic Diamines and Perfluorinated Iodobenzenes. CRYSTALS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst11050529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In order to study the proclivity of primary amine groups to act as halogen bond acceptors, three aromatic diamines (p-phenylenediamine (pphda), benzidine (bnzd) and o-tolidine (otol)) were cocrystallised with three perfluorinated iodobenzenes (1,4-tetrafluorodiiodobenzene (14tfib), 1,3-tetrafluorodiiodobenzene (13tfib) and 1,3,5-trifluorotriiodobenzene (135tfib)) as halogen bond donors. Five cocrystals were obtained: (pphda)(14tfib), (bnzd)(13tfib)2, (bnzd)(135tfib)4, (otol)(14tfib) and (otol)(135tfib)2. In spite of the variability of both stoichiometries and structures of the cocrystals, in all the prepared cocrystals the amine groups form exclusively I···N halogen bonds, while the amine hydrogen atoms participate mostly in N–H⋯F contacts. The preference of the amine nitrogen atom toward the halogen bond, as opposed to the hydrogen bond (with amine as a donor), is rationalised by means of computed hydrogen and halogen bond energies, indicating that the halogen bond energy between a simple primary amine (methylamine) and a perfluorinated iodobenzene (pentafluoroiodobenze ne) is ca. 15 kJ mol−1 higher than the energy of the (H)NH∙∙∙NH2 hydrogen bond between two amine molecules.
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45
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Matern J, Bäumer N, Fernández G. Unraveling Halogen Effects in Supramolecular Polymerization. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:7164-7175. [PMID: 33913728 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c02384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Halogens play a crucial role in numerous natural processes and synthetic materials due to their unique physicochemical properties and the diverse interactions they can engage in. In the field of supramolecular polymerization, however, halogen effects remain poorly understood, and investigations have been restricted to halogen bonding or the inclusion of polyfluorinated side groups. Recent contributions from our group have revealed that chlorine ligands greatly influence molecular packing and pathway complexity phenomena of various metal complexes. These results prompted us to explore the role of the halogen nature on supramolecular polymerization, a phenomenon that has remained unexplored to date. To address this issue, we have designed a series of archetypal bispyridyldihalogen PtII complexes bearing chlorine (1), bromine (2), or iodine (3) and systematically compared their supramolecular polymerization in nonpolar media using various experimental methods and theory. Our studies reveal a remarkably different supramolecular polymerization for the three compounds, which can undergo two competing pathways with either slipped (kinetic) or parallel (thermodynamic) molecular packing. The halogen exerts an inverse effect on the energetic levels of the two self-assembled states, resulting in a single thermodynamic pathway for 3, a transient kinetic species for 2, and a hidden thermodynamic state for 1. This seesaw-like bias of the energy landscape can be traced back to the involvement of the halogens in weak N-H···X hydrogen-bonding interactions in the kinetic pathway, whereas in the thermodynamic pathway the halogens are not engaged in the stabilizing interaction motif but rather amplify solvophobic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Matern
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Nils Bäumer
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Gustavo Fernández
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
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46
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Zarechnaya OM, Anisimov AA, Belov EY, Burakov NI, Kanibolotsky AL, Mikhailov VA. Polycentric binding in complexes of trimethylamine- N-oxide with dihalogens. RSC Adv 2021; 11:6131-6145. [PMID: 35423161 PMCID: PMC8694807 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra08165e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Dihalogens readily interact with trimethylamine-N-oxide under ambient conditions. Accordingly, herein, stable 1 : 1 adducts were obtained in the case of iodine chloride and iodine bromide. The crystal and molecular structure of the trimethylamine-N-oxide-iodine chloride adduct was solved. Furthermore, the geometry and electronic structure of the trimethylamine-N-oxide-dihalogen complexes were studied computationally. Only molecular ensembles were found in the global minimum for the 1 : 1 stoichiometry. The O⋯X-Y halogen bond is the main factor for the thermodynamic stability of these complexes. Arguments for electrostatic interactions as the driving force for this noncovalent interaction were discussed. Also, the equilibrium structures are additionally stabilised by weak C-H⋯X hydrogen bonds. Consequently, formally monodentate ligands are bound in a polycentric manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga M Zarechnaya
- L.M. Litvinenko Institute of Physical Organic and Coal Chemistry R. Luxemburg St., 70 Donetsk Ukraine
| | - Aleksei A Anisimov
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences 28 Vavilov St. 119991 Moscow Russia
- D.I. Mendeleev Russian Chemical Technological University 9 Miusskaya Sq. 125047 Moscow Russia
| | - Eugenii Yu Belov
- L.M. Litvinenko Institute of Physical Organic and Coal Chemistry R. Luxemburg St., 70 Donetsk Ukraine
| | - Nikolai I Burakov
- L.M. Litvinenko Institute of Physical Organic and Coal Chemistry R. Luxemburg St., 70 Donetsk Ukraine
| | | | - Vasilii A Mikhailov
- L.M. Litvinenko Institute of Physical Organic and Coal Chemistry R. Luxemburg St., 70 Donetsk Ukraine
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47
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Davidson JA, Sacchi M, Gorrec F, Clarke SM, Jenkins SJ. Halogen Bonding in Bicomponent Monolayers: Self-Assembly of a Homologous Series of Iodinated Perfluoroalkanes with Bipyridine. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:627-635. [PMID: 33404242 PMCID: PMC8397337 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c02126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A homologous series of halogen bonding monolayers based on terminally iodinated perfluoroalkanes and 4,4'-bipyridine have been observed on a graphitic surface and noninvasively probed using powder X-ray diffraction. An excellent agreement is observed between the X-ray structures and density functional theory calculations with dispersion force corrections. Theoretical analysis of the binding energies of the structures indicate that these halogen bonds are strong (25 kJ mol-1), indicating that the layers are highly stable. The monolayer structures are found to be distinct from any plane of the corresponding bulk structures, with limited evidence of partitioning of hydrocarbon and perfluoro tectons. The interchain interactions are found to be slightly stronger than those in related aromatic systems, with important implications for 2D crystal engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marco Sacchi
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Fabrice Gorrec
- MRC
Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart M. Clarke
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- BP
Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen J. Jenkins
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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48
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Pang P, Wang Y, Miao X, Li B, Deng W. Halogen bonding controlled 2D self-assembled polymorphism of regioisomeric thienophenanthrene derivatives by coadsorption. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj00203a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
5,10-BTD-C14 molecules display self-assembled polymorphism in different bromo-hydrocarbons with different solution concentrations at the liquid/solid interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Pang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- China
| | - Yi Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- China
| | - Xinrui Miao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- China
| | - Bang Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- China
| | - Wenli Deng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- China
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49
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Nemec V, Lisac K, Bedeković N, Fotović L, Stilinović V, Cinčić D. Crystal engineering strategies towards halogen-bonded metal–organic multi-component solids: salts, cocrystals and salt cocrystals. CrystEngComm 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce00158b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This highlight presents an overview of the current advances in the preparation of halogen bonded metal–organic multi-component solids, including salts and cocrystals comprising neutral and ionic constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinko Nemec
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University of Zagreb
- HR-10000 Zagreb
- Croatia
| | - Katarina Lisac
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University of Zagreb
- HR-10000 Zagreb
- Croatia
| | - Nikola Bedeković
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University of Zagreb
- HR-10000 Zagreb
- Croatia
| | - Luka Fotović
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University of Zagreb
- HR-10000 Zagreb
- Croatia
| | - Vladimir Stilinović
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University of Zagreb
- HR-10000 Zagreb
- Croatia
| | - Dominik Cinčić
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University of Zagreb
- HR-10000 Zagreb
- Croatia
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50
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Halogen Bonds Fabricate 2D Molecular Self-Assembled Nanostructures by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy. CRYSTALS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst10111057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Halogen bonds are currently new noncovalent interactions due to their moderate strength and high directionality, which are widely investigated in crystal engineering. The study about supramolecular two-dimensional architectures on solid surfaces fabricated by halogen bonding has been performed recently. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) has the advantages of realizing in situ, real-time, and atomic-level characterization. Our group has carried out molecular self-assembly induced by halogen bonds at the liquid–solid interface for about ten years. In this review, we mainly describe the concept and history of halogen bonding and the progress in the self-assembly of halogen-based organic molecules at the liquid/graphite interface in our laboratory. Our focus is mainly on (1) the effect of position, number, and type of halogen substituent on the formation of nanostructures; (2) the competition and cooperation of the halogen bond and the hydrogen bond; (3) solution concentration and solvent effects on the molecular assembly; and (4) a deep understanding of the self-assembled mechanism by density functional theory (DFT) calculations.
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