1
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Tuble KAQ, Omisol CJM, Abilay GY, Tomon TRB, Aguinid BJM, Dumancas GG, Malaluan RM, Lubguban AA. Synergistic effect of phytic acid and eggshell bio-fillers on the dual-phase fire-retardancy of intumescent coatings applied on cellulosic substrates. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 358:142226. [PMID: 38704039 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Cellulosic substrates, including wood and thatch, have become icons for sustainable architecture and construction, however, they suffer from high flammability because of their inherent cellulosic composition. Current control measures for such hazards include applying intumescent fire-retardant (IFR) coatings that swell and form a char layer upon ignition, protecting the underlying substrate from burning. Typically, conventional IFR coatings are opaque and are made of halogenated compounds that release toxic fumes when ignited, compromising the roofing's aesthetic value and sustainability. In this work, phytic acid, a naturally occurring phosphorus source extracted from rice bran, was used to synthesize phytic acid-based fire-retardants (PFR) via esterification under reflux, along with powdered chicken eggshells (CES) as calcium carbonate (CaCO3) bio-filler. These components were incorporated into melamine formaldehyde resin to produce the transparent IFR coating. It was revealed that the developed IFR coatings achieved the highest fire protection rating based on UL94 flammability standards compared to the control. The coatings also yielded increased LOI values, indicative of self-extinguishing properties. A 17 °C elevation of the IFR coating's melting temperature and a significant ∼172% increase in enthalpy change from the control were observed, indicating enhanced fire-retardancy. The thermal stability of the coatings was improved, denoted by reduced mass losses, and increased residual masses after thermal degradation. As validated by microscopy and spectroscopy, the abundance of phosphorus and carbon groups in the coatings' condensed phase after combustion indicates enhanced char formation. In the gas phase, TG-FTIR showed the evolution of non-flammable CO2, and fire-retardant PO and P-O-C. Mechanical property testing confirmed no reduction in the adhesion strength of the IFR coating. With these results, the developed IFR coating exhibited enhanced fire-retardancy whilst remaining optically transparent, suggestive of a dual-phase IFR protective mechanism involving the release of gaseous combustion diluents and the formation of a thermally insulating char layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kent Andrew Q Tuble
- Center for Sustainable Polymers, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology, 9200, Iligan City, Philippines; Department of Materials & Resources Engineering and Technology, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology, 9200, Iligan City, Philippines
| | - Christine Joy M Omisol
- Center for Sustainable Polymers, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology, 9200, Iligan City, Philippines
| | - Gerson Y Abilay
- Center for Sustainable Polymers, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology, 9200, Iligan City, Philippines; Department of Materials & Resources Engineering and Technology, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology, 9200, Iligan City, Philippines
| | - Tomas Ralph B Tomon
- Center for Sustainable Polymers, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology, 9200, Iligan City, Philippines
| | - Blessy Joy M Aguinid
- Center for Sustainable Polymers, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology, 9200, Iligan City, Philippines
| | | | - Roberto M Malaluan
- Center for Sustainable Polymers, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology, 9200, Iligan City, Philippines; Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology, 9200, Iligan City, Philippines
| | - Arnold A Lubguban
- Center for Sustainable Polymers, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology, 9200, Iligan City, Philippines; Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology, 9200, Iligan City, Philippines.
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2
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Lu W, Zeng Z, He Z, Liang Y, Sun Y, Song S, Wang L, Liu R. A highly efficient melamine/red phosphorus flame retardant for polyurethane‐based foams. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Mining Disaster Prevention and Control Co‐founded by Shandong Province and Ministry of Science and Technology Shandong University of Science and Technology Qingdao China
- College of Safety and Environmental Engineering Shandong University of Science and Technology Qingdao China
- College of Safety Science and Engineering Anhui University of Science and Technology Huainan China
| | - Zhipeng Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Mining Disaster Prevention and Control Co‐founded by Shandong Province and Ministry of Science and Technology Shandong University of Science and Technology Qingdao China
- College of Safety and Environmental Engineering Shandong University of Science and Technology Qingdao China
| | - Zhenglong He
- State Key Laboratory of Mining Disaster Prevention and Control Co‐founded by Shandong Province and Ministry of Science and Technology Shandong University of Science and Technology Qingdao China
- College of Safety and Environmental Engineering Shandong University of Science and Technology Qingdao China
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Safety Technology China Coal Technology and Engineering Group Shenyang Research Institute China
| | - Yuntao Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Safety Technology China Coal Technology and Engineering Group Shenyang Research Institute China
| | - Yong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Safety Technology China Coal Technology and Engineering Group Shenyang Research Institute China
| | - Shuanglin Song
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Safety Technology China Coal Technology and Engineering Group Shenyang Research Institute China
| | | | - Ruling Liu
- Yantai Derun Liquid Crystal Materials Co., Ltd Yantai China
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3
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Guo Y, Rong H, Chen Z, Chen T, Yu Y, Zhang X, Chu Y, Zhang Q, Li C, Jiang J. A novel DOPO derivative containing multifunctional groups aiming to improve fire safety, thermal stability and curing state towards epoxy resin. Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.110142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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4
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Shi Q, Huo S, Wang C, Ye G, Yu L, Fang Z, Wang H, Liu Z. A phosphorus/silicon-based, hyperbranched polymer for high-performance, fire-safe, transparent epoxy resins. Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.110065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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5
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Toughening and strengthening epoxy resins with a new bi-DOPO biphenyl reactive flame retardant. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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6
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Varganici CD, Rosu L, Bifulco A, Rosu D, Mustata F, Gaan S. Recent advances in flame retardant epoxy systems from reactive DOPO–based phosphorus additives. Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.110020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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7
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Lv J, Chen B, Zheng B, Chen M, Qiao H, Li S, Zhang H. Poly(phosphorus‐silicon‐alkyne): Widening the application potential in epoxy resin with excellent flame retardancy, mechanical property, and unimpaired thermal stability. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaojiao Lv
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Science Fujian Normal University Fuzhou China
| | - Bing Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Science Fujian Normal University Fuzhou China
| | - Botuo Zheng
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Science Fujian Normal University Fuzhou China
| | - Mingfeng Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Science Fujian Normal University Fuzhou China
| | - Huawei Qiao
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Science Fujian Normal University Fuzhou China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Science Fujian Normal University Fuzhou China
| | - Huagui Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Science Fujian Normal University Fuzhou China
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8
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Zhang W, Xia W, Shi Y, Zhou C, Chen R, Wang L, Qu J. A
DOPO
‐anchored benzothiadiazole derivative toward efficiently P/N/S synergistic flame retarding of epoxy thermoset. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wu Zhang
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nonmetallic Crystalline and Energy Conversion Materials China Three Gorges University Yichang China
- Hubei Three Gorges Laboratory Yichang Hubei China
| | - Weikang Xia
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nonmetallic Crystalline and Energy Conversion Materials China Three Gorges University Yichang China
- Hubei Three Gorges Laboratory Yichang Hubei China
| | - Yasheng Shi
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nonmetallic Crystalline and Energy Conversion Materials China Three Gorges University Yichang China
- Hubei Three Gorges Laboratory Yichang Hubei China
| | - Changlin Zhou
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nonmetallic Crystalline and Energy Conversion Materials China Three Gorges University Yichang China
- Hubei Three Gorges Laboratory Yichang Hubei China
| | - Ran Chen
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nonmetallic Crystalline and Energy Conversion Materials China Three Gorges University Yichang China
- Hubei Three Gorges Laboratory Yichang Hubei China
| | - Lei Wang
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nonmetallic Crystalline and Energy Conversion Materials China Three Gorges University Yichang China
- Hubei Three Gorges Laboratory Yichang Hubei China
| | - Jinqing Qu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou China
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9
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Chen JH, Lu JH, Pu XL, Chen L, Wang YZ. Recyclable, malleable and intrinsically flame-retardant epoxy resin with catalytic transesterification. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 294:133778. [PMID: 35093421 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Flame retardancy and recyclability are two important issues in the research field of thermosets, particularly for epoxy resin (EP) with the biggest market share. It is of great importance, but rarely achievable, to integrate these properties simultaneously into EP. Herein, we report a facile way to prepare intrinsically flame-retardant epoxy vitrimers combining rapid recycling and multiple shape memory effects by introducing dynamic ester-linkages with catalytic transesterification activity into the crosslinking networks of EP. The flame-retardant epoxy vitrimers exhibited high Tg (∼110.7 °C), desirable thermal stability and excellent flame retardancy with UL-94 V-0 rating, and high LOI of ∼34%. Also, the value of the peak heat release rate (PHRR) and the total heat release (THR) showed 63% and 32% reduction, respectively. Meanwhile, flame-retardant epoxy vitrimers showed high malleability that could be reprocessed in 15 min at 200 °C without sacrificing the mechanical properties and flame retardancy. Moreover, the dynamic transesterification network allowed flame-retardant EP to access multiple shape memory effect. The design of flame-retardant epoxy vitrimers provide a prime example to foster the cyclic utilization of flame-retardant thermosetting polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Hui Chen
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Jia-Hui Lu
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Xiao-Lu Pu
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Li Chen
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
| | - Yu-Zhong Wang
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
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10
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Zhi M, Yang X, Fan R, Yue S, Zheng L, Liu Q, He Y. A comprehensive review of reactive flame-retardant epoxy resin: fundamentals, recent developments, and perspectives. Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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11
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Yang Y, Xiao D. Fabrication of two multifunctional phosphorus–nitrogen flame retardants toward improving the fire safety of epoxy resin. E-POLYMERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/epoly-2022-0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
To improve the fire safety of epoxy resin (EP), two novel phosphorus–nitrogen flame retardants, which named as diphenyl allylphosphoramidate (DPCA) and N-allyl-P, P-diphenylphosphinic amide (DCA), were synthesized by acyl chloride reaction and introduced into EP for fabricating EP composites. The combustion tests showed that incorporation of 5 wt% DPCA or 5 wt% DCA into EP led to the exceptional limited oxygen index (LOI) value (27.1% or 31.6%). Besides, the peak of heat release rate of EP-5 wt% DPCA and EP-5 wt% DCA was reduced by 40.69% and 36.69%, respectively, compared to pure EP. The enhanced fire resistance of EP was ascribed to the trapping effect of fillers in the gas phase and the charring effect in the condensed phase. Furthermore, ultraviolet-visible spectra revealed that both EP-5 wt% DPCA and EP-5 wt% DCA have considerable transparency. This study is expected to broaden the application of EP in the industrial area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxia Yang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Products of Universities in Fujian, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Fujian University of Technology , Fuzhou , Fujian , 350108 , China
| | - Dan Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Products of Universities in Fujian, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Fujian University of Technology , Fuzhou , Fujian , 350108 , China
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12
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Dong J, Mao Z, Chen Z. Toughening, highly thermostable, and flame retardant polylactic acid enabled by polyphosphazene microsphere. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxing Dong
- Key Lab of Science and Technology of Eco‐textile Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University Shanghai China
| | - Zhiping Mao
- Key Lab of Science and Technology of Eco‐textile Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University Shanghai China
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology of DHU Donghua University Shanghai China
- National Manufacturing Innovation Center of Advanced Dyeing and Finishing Technology Taian City China
| | - Zhize Chen
- Key Lab of Science and Technology of Eco‐textile Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University Shanghai China
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13
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Qiao H, Su L, Liu C, Zhang H, Chen M. From laboratory to industrialization: Eco‐friendly flame retardant endowing epoxy resin with excellent flame retardancy, transparency, and mechanical properties. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huawei Qiao
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Science Fujian Normal University Fuzhou China
| | - Liping Su
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Science Fujian Normal University Fuzhou China
| | - Canpei Liu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Science Fujian Normal University Fuzhou China
| | - Huagui Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Science Fujian Normal University Fuzhou China
| | - Mingfeng Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Science Fujian Normal University Fuzhou China
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14
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A P/N/S-containing compound toward enhanced fire safety epoxy resin with well-balanced performance. Polym Degrad Stab 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2021.109698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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15
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Han Y, Zhao H, Chen L, Ran D, Chen J, Zhao J, Xu T. A bifunctional modifier endowing epoxy resin with outstanding flame retardancy and high impact strength. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Han
- Department of Applied Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an Shanxi China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Department of Applied Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an Shanxi China
| | - Lixin Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an Shanxi China
| | - Di Ran
- Department of Applied Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an Shanxi China
| | - Jichuan Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an Shanxi China
| | - Jia Zhao
- Department of Applied Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an Shanxi China
| | - Tingting Xu
- Department of Applied Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an Shanxi China
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16
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Wang L, Wei Y, Deng H, Lyu R, Zhu J, Yang Y. Synergistic Flame Retardant Effect of Barium Phytate and Intumescent Flame Retardant for Epoxy Resin. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2900. [PMID: 34502940 PMCID: PMC8434477 DOI: 10.3390/polym13172900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, widespread concern has been aroused on environmentally friendly materials. In this article, barium phytate (Pa-Ba) was prepared by the reaction of phytic acid with barium carbonate in deionized water, which was used to blend with intumescent flame retardant (IFR) as a flame retardant and was added to epoxy resin (EP). Afterward, the chemical structure and thermal stability of Pa-Ba were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), respectively. On this basis, the flammability and flame retardancy of EP composites were researched. It is shown that EP/14IFR/2Ba composite has the highest limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of 30.7%. Moreover, the peak heat release rate (PHRR) of EP/14IFR/2Ba decreases by 69.13% compared with pure EP. SEM and Raman spectra reveal the carbonization quality of EP/14IFR/2Ba is better than that of other composites. The results prove that Pa-Ba can cooperate with IFR to improve the flame retardancy of EP, reducing the addition amount of IFR in EP, thus expanding the application range of EP. In conclusion, adding Pa-Ba to IFR is a more environmentally friendly and efficient method compared with others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linyuan Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China; (Y.W.); (H.D.); (R.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Yue Wei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China; (Y.W.); (H.D.); (R.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Hongbo Deng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China; (Y.W.); (H.D.); (R.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Ruiqi Lyu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China; (Y.W.); (H.D.); (R.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jiajie Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China; (Y.W.); (H.D.); (R.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Yabing Yang
- Petroleum Engineering Design Co., Ltd., China Petrochemical Corporation, Dongying 257026, China;
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17
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18
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Xu W, Wu X, Wen Q, Li S, Song Y, Shi B. Effects of collagen fiber addition on the combustion and thermal stability of natural rubber. JOURNAL OF LEATHER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s42825-020-00040-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Collagen fiber (CF) and silane coupling agent-modified collagen fiber (MCF) were used as flame retardant filler for natural rubber (NR) modification. The combustion phenomena and properties of composites blended with different dosages of CF or MCF were compared to elucidate the flame retardant mechanism of the composites. The flame retardancy of NR can be enhanced effectively by increasing nitrogen content (the nitrogen content of CF is about 18%), creating air pockets, and structuring the flame retardant network in the composites. MCF failed to structure a flame retardant network in the composite, indicating that its modification effects of MCF are weaker than those of CF. When CF dosage was 30 wt%, the composite can achieve the best flame retardancy, with limited oxygen index of 29.4% and without smoke and dripping during burning. This study demonstrated a new method for the flame retardant modification of NR.
Graphical abstract
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19
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Chen S, Wu D, Xu C, Ma M, Shi Y, Yuan K, Xu R, Wang X. The preparation and mechanism of permanently flame retardancy, antistatic, good toughness and high transparent poly(methyl methacrylate). POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Si Chen
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou PR China
| | - Dandan Wu
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou PR China
| | - Changbo Xu
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou PR China
| | - Meng Ma
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou PR China
| | - Yanqin Shi
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou PR China
| | - Kaiyun Yuan
- Zhejiang Zhanyu New Material Co., Ltd. Quzhou PR China
| | - Ruqing Xu
- Zhejiang Zhanyu New Material Co., Ltd. Quzhou PR China
| | - Xu Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou PR China
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20
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Zhang J, Duan H, Cao J, Zou J, Ma H. A high‐efficiency
DOPO
‐based reactive flame retardant with bi‐hydroxyl for low‐flammability epoxy resin. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Junjun Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan China
| | - Huajun Duan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan China
- Institute of Advanced Material Manufacturing Equipment and Technology Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan China
| | - Jianfan Cao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan China
| | - Jiahao Zou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan China
| | - Huiru Ma
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan China
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21
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Chen YK, Lu QX, Zhong G, Zhang HG, Chen MF, Liu CP. DOPO
‐based curing flame retardant of epoxy composite material for char formation and intumescent flame retardance. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Kun Chen
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering Fujian Normal University Fuzhou China
| | - Qing Xin Lu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering Fujian Normal University Fuzhou China
| | - Gang Zhong
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering Fujian Normal University Fuzhou China
| | - Hua Gui Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering Fujian Normal University Fuzhou China
| | - Ming Feng Chen
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering Fujian Normal University Fuzhou China
| | - Can Pei Liu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering Fujian Normal University Fuzhou China
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22
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Zhang K, Wu H, Wu R, Yang G, Wang T, Xie J, Qu H. Effect of Ni
2+
chelated to the surface of
PBFA
on the charring flame retardant and smoke suppression properties of epoxy resin. POLYM ENG SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kailun Zhang
- The Flame Retardant Material and Processing Technology Engineering Research Center of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science Hebei University Baoding China
| | - Hongjuan Wu
- Department of Basic Courses Agriculture University of Hebei Huanghua China
| | - Ruifang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science Hebei University Baoding China
| | - Guang Yang
- The Flame Retardant Material and Processing Technology Engineering Research Center of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science Hebei University Baoding China
| | - Tian Wang
- The Flame Retardant Material and Processing Technology Engineering Research Center of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science Hebei University Baoding China
| | - Jixing Xie
- The Flame Retardant Material and Processing Technology Engineering Research Center of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science Hebei University Baoding China
| | - Hongqiang Qu
- The Flame Retardant Material and Processing Technology Engineering Research Center of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science Hebei University Baoding China
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23
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Wang Y, Yuan L, Liang G, Gu A. Achieving ultrahigh glass transition temperature, halogen-free and phosphorus-free intrinsic flame retardancy for bismaleimide resin through building network with diallyloxydiphenyldisulfide. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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24
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Sun Y, Wang Y, Qing Y, Wu X, Shi Z. A DOPO‐base Schiff derivative used as a flame retardant for polystyrene. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Polymeric Composition Material, Qiqihar University Qiqihar China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringQiqihar University Qiqihar China
| | - Yazhen Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Polymeric Composition Material, Qiqihar University Qiqihar China
- College of Materials Science and EngineeringQiqihar University Qiqihar China
| | - Yingbo Qing
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Polymeric Composition Material, Qiqihar University Qiqihar China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringQiqihar University Qiqihar China
| | - Xueying Wu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Polymeric Composition Material, Qiqihar University Qiqihar China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringQiqihar University Qiqihar China
| | - Zhen Shi
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Polymeric Composition Material, Qiqihar University Qiqihar China
- College of Materials Science and EngineeringQiqihar University Qiqihar China
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25
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A P/N‐containing flame retardant constructed by phosphaphenanthrene, phosphonate, and triazole and its flame retardant mechanism in reducing fire hazards of epoxy resin. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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26
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Cheng J, Wang J, Yang S, Zhang Q, Hu Y, Ding G, Huo S. Aminobenzothiazole-substituted cyclotriphosphazene derivative as reactive flame retardant for epoxy resin. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2019.104412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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27
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Wang P, Chen L, Xiao H, Zhan T. Nitrogen/sulfur-containing DOPO based oligomer for highly efficient flame-retardant epoxy resin. Polym Degrad Stab 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2019.109023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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28
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Sun Y, Wang Y, Liu L, Xiao T. The Preparation, Thermal Properties, and Fire Property of a Phosphorus-Containing Flame-Retardant Styrene Copolymer. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 13:E127. [PMID: 31892108 PMCID: PMC6981446 DOI: 10.3390/ma13010127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene 10-oxide (DOPO) acrylate, (6-oxidodibenzo [c,e][1,2] oxaphosphinin-6-yl) methyl acrylate (DOPOAA), has been prepared. Copolymers of styrene (St) and DOPOAA were prepared by emulsion polymerization. The chemical structures of copolymers containing levels of DOPOAA were verified using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy. The thermal properties and flame-retardant behaviors of DOPO-containing monomers and copolymers were observed using thermogravimetric analysis and micro calorimetry tests. From thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), it was found out that the T5% for decomposition of the copolymer was lower than that of polystyrene (PS), but the residue at 700 °C was higher than that of PS. The results from micro calorimetry (MCC) tests indicated that the rate for the heat release of the copolymer combustion was lower than that for PS. The limiting oxygen index (LOI) for combustion of the copolymer rose with increasing levels of DOPOAA. These data indicate that copolymerization of the phosphorus-containing flame-retardant monomer, DOPOAA, into a PS segment can effectively improve the thermal stability and flame retardancy of the copolymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, China; (Y.S.); (L.L.)
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Polymeric Composition Material, Qiqihar 161006, China
| | - Yazhen Wang
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Polymeric Composition Material, Qiqihar 161006, China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, China
| | - Li Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, China; (Y.S.); (L.L.)
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Polymeric Composition Material, Qiqihar 161006, China
| | - Tianyuan Xiao
- College of Light Industry and Textile, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, China;
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29
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Yao Z, Qian L, Qiu Y, Chen Y, Xu B, Li J. Flame retardant and toughening behaviors of bio‐based DOPO‐containing curing agent in epoxy thermoset. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongying Yao
- School of Materials Science and Mechanical EngineeringBeijing Technology and Business University Beijing 100048 China
- Engineering Laboratory of Non‐Halogen Flame Retardants for Polymers Beijing 100048 China
| | - Lijun Qian
- School of Materials Science and Mechanical EngineeringBeijing Technology and Business University Beijing 100048 China
- Engineering Laboratory of Non‐Halogen Flame Retardants for Polymers Beijing 100048 China
| | - Yong Qiu
- School of Materials Science and Mechanical EngineeringBeijing Technology and Business University Beijing 100048 China
- Engineering Laboratory of Non‐Halogen Flame Retardants for Polymers Beijing 100048 China
| | - Yajun Chen
- School of Materials Science and Mechanical EngineeringBeijing Technology and Business University Beijing 100048 China
- Engineering Laboratory of Non‐Halogen Flame Retardants for Polymers Beijing 100048 China
| | - Bo Xu
- School of Materials Science and Mechanical EngineeringBeijing Technology and Business University Beijing 100048 China
- Engineering Laboratory of Non‐Halogen Flame Retardants for Polymers Beijing 100048 China
| | - Jie Li
- School of Materials Science and Mechanical EngineeringBeijing Technology and Business University Beijing 100048 China
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30
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Hu X, Yang H, Jiang Y, He H, Liu H, Huang H, Wan C. Facile synthesis of a novel transparent hyperbranched phosphorous/nitrogen-containing flame retardant and its application in reducing the fire hazard of epoxy resin. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 379:120793. [PMID: 31252341 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.120793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a novel hyperbranched phosphorus/nitrogen-containing flame retardant (HPNFR) was facilely synthesized via the transesterification reaction of dimethyl methylphosphonate and tris (2-hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate and characterized successfully by 1H NMR and FTIR. The sample with 4 wt% HPNFR can achieve V-0 rating in UL-94 test and possess a LOI value as high as 34.5%. Conspicuous blowing-out effect was observed during the vertical burning test. TG results indicated that the presence of HPNFR significantly improved the thermal stability of EP thermosets. From cone test, THR, p-HRR, p-SPR and TSP values of HPNFR/EP composites were decreased in comparison to those of pure EP, revealing the reduced fire hazard of EP composites with HPNFR. SEM images of EP thermoset with 4 wt% of HPNFR after cone test exhibited compact and continuous char layers, while those of pure EP are fragmentary and broken. From TG-IR test, the yield of toxic CO and other pyrolysis products was significantly reduced, indicating a decrease in toxicity. Phosphorus-containing compounds were detected in gas phase, which verified the gaseous phase flame retardant effect of HPNFR. Besides, HPNFR would not significantly damage the transparence of EP thermosets, consequently reserved it's application value in some special fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Hu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazhengjie, Chongqing 400044, PR China
| | - Hongyu Yang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazhengjie, Chongqing 400044, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of New Building Materials and Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazhengjie, Chongqing 400044, PR China.
| | - Yuping Jiang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazhengjie, Chongqing 400044, PR China
| | - Hualing He
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazhengjie, Chongqing 400044, PR China
| | - Hongyin Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazhengjie, Chongqing 400044, PR China
| | - Hao Huang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazhengjie, Chongqing 400044, PR China
| | - Chaojun Wan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazhengjie, Chongqing 400044, PR China
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31
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Movahedifar E, Vahabi H, Saeb MR, Thomas S. Flame Retardant Epoxy Composites on the Road of Innovation: An Analysis with Flame Retardancy Index for Future Development. Molecules 2019; 24:E3964. [PMID: 31683861 PMCID: PMC6866146 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24213964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, epoxy composites are elements of engineering materials and systems. Although they are known as versatile materials, epoxy resins suffer from high flammability. In this sense, flame retardancy analysis has been recognized as an undeniable requirement for developing future generations of epoxy-based systems. A considerable proportion of the literature on epoxy composites has been devoted to the use of phosphorus-based additives. Nevertheless, innovative flame retardants have coincidentally been under investigation to meet market requirements. This review paper attempts to give an overview of the research on flame retardant epoxy composites by classification of literature in terms of phosphorus (P), non-phosphorus (NP), and combinations of P/NP additives. A comprehensive set of data on cone calorimetry measurements applied on P-, NP-, and P/NP-incorporated epoxy systems was collected and treated. The performance of epoxy composites was qualitatively discussed as Poor, Good, and Excellent cases identified and distinguished by the use of the universal Flame Retardancy Index (FRI). Moreover, evaluations were rechecked by considering the UL-94 test data in four groups as V0, V1, V2, and nonrated (NR). The dimensionless FRI allowed for comparison between flame retardancy performances of epoxy composites. The results of this survey can pave the way for future innovations in developing flame-retardant additives for epoxy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elnaz Movahedifar
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology-Mahshahr Campus, Mahshahr 424, Iran.
| | - Henri Vahabi
- Université de Lorraine, CentraleSupélec, LMOPS, F-57000 Metz, France.
- Laboratoire Matériaux Optiques, Photoniques et Systèmes, CentraleSupélec, Université Paris-Saclay, 57070 Metz, France.
| | - Mohammad Reza Saeb
- Departments of Resin and Additives, Institute for Color Science and Technology, Tehran P.O. Box 16765-654, Iran.
| | - Sabu Thomas
- School of Chemical Sciences, MG University, Kottayam, Kerala 686560, India.
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32
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Wang S, Du X, Fu X, Du Z, Wang H, Cheng X. Highly effective flame‐retarded polyester diol with synergistic effects for waterborne polyurethane application. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.48444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Wang
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of EducationSichuan University Chengdu 610065 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaosheng Du
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of EducationSichuan University Chengdu 610065 People's Republic of China
| | - Xihan Fu
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of EducationSichuan University Chengdu 610065 People's Republic of China
| | - Zongliang Du
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of EducationSichuan University Chengdu 610065 People's Republic of China
| | - Haibo Wang
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of EducationSichuan University Chengdu 610065 People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Cheng
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of EducationSichuan University Chengdu 610065 People's Republic of China
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33
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Xu Z, Jia H, Yan L, Chu Z, Zhou H. Synergistic effect of bismuth oxide and mono‐component intumescent flame retardant on the flammability and smoke suppression properties of epoxy resins. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhisheng Xu
- Institute of Disaster Prevention Science and Safety Technology, School of Civil EngineeringCentral South University Changsha 410075 China
| | - Hongyu Jia
- Institute of Disaster Prevention Science and Safety Technology, School of Civil EngineeringCentral South University Changsha 410075 China
| | - Long Yan
- Institute of Disaster Prevention Science and Safety Technology, School of Civil EngineeringCentral South University Changsha 410075 China
| | - Zhiyong Chu
- Institute of Disaster Prevention Science and Safety Technology, School of Civil EngineeringCentral South University Changsha 410075 China
| | - Huan Zhou
- Institute of Disaster Prevention Science and Safety Technology, School of Civil EngineeringCentral South University Changsha 410075 China
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34
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Liu S, Yu B, Feng Y, Yang Z, Yin B. Synthesis of a multifunctional bisphosphate and its flame retardant application in epoxy resin. Polym Degrad Stab 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2019.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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35
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Huo S, Liu Z, Li C, Wang X, Cai H, Wang J. Synthesis of a phosphaphenanthrene/benzimidazole-based curing agent and its application in flame-retardant epoxy resin. Polym Degrad Stab 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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36
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Synthesis of a DOPO-containing imidazole curing agent and its application in reactive flame retarded epoxy resin. Polym Degrad Stab 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2018.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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37
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Ma Y, Geng X, Zhang X, Wang C, Chu F. Synthesis of DOPO-g-GPTS modified wood fiber and its effects on the properties of composite phenolic foams. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.46917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y. Ma
- College of Materials Science and Engineering; Nanjing Forestry University; Nanjing 210037 China
| | - X. Geng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering; Nanjing Forestry University; Nanjing 210037 China
| | - X. Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering; Nanjing Forestry University; Nanjing 210037 China
| | - C. Wang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forestry Products; Chinese Academy of Forestry; Nanjing Jiangsu Province 210042 China
| | - F. Chu
- Chinese Academy of Forestry; Beijing 100091 China
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38
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A wrapped nano-flame retardant composed of carbon nanotubes and phosphorus-nitrogen containing polymer: synthesis, properties and flame-retardant mechanism. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-018-1599-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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39
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A novel DOPO-g-KH550 modification wood fibers and its effects on the properties of composite phenolic foams. POLISH JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.2478/pjct-2018-0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A novel 9, 10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) graft γ-amino propyl triethoxy silane (KH550) was synthesized and introduced on the surface of wood fiber. Finally DOPO-g-KH550 treated wood fiber (DKTWF) was used to prepare DKTWF composite phenolic foams (DKTWFCPF). The structures of DOPO-g- KH550 was acknowledged by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR). The structures of DKTWF were confirmed by FT-IR. Compared with wood fiber, the diffraction peaks’ position was basically unchanged, but the crystallinity was slightly increased and thermal stability were dramatically improved, T5% and Tmax increased by 21.9o and 36.1o respectively. But the char yield (800o) was slightly reduced. With the dosage of DKWF, there were different degrees of improvement including the mechanical properties, flame retardancy and microstructure of DKTWFCPF. Comprehensive analysis, the interfacial compatibility was significantly improved between DKTWF and phenolic resin, and the suitable content of DKTWF was 4%.
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40
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Fu XL, Wang X, Xing W, Zhang P, Song L, Hu Y. Two-dimensional cardanol-derived zirconium phosphate hybrid as flame retardant and smoke suppressant for epoxy resin. Polym Degrad Stab 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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