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Blood Inflammatory-like and Lung Resident-like Eosinophils Affect Migration of Airway Smooth Muscle Cells and Their ECM-Related Proliferation in Asthma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043469. [PMID: 36834879 PMCID: PMC9958882 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Airway remodeling is a hallmark feature of asthma, and one of its key structural changes is increased airway smooth muscle (ASM) mass and disturbed extracellular matrix (ECM) homeostasis. Eosinophil functions in asthma are broadly defined; however, we lack knowledge about eosinophil subtypes' interaction with lung structural cells and their effect on the airway's local microenvironment. Therefore, we investigated the effect of blood inflammatory-like eosinophils (iEOS-like) and lung resident-like eosinophils (rEOS-like) on ASM cells via impact on their migration and ECM-related proliferation in asthma. A total of 17 non-severe steroid-free allergic asthma (AA), 15 severe eosinophilic asthma (SEA) patients, and 12 healthy control subjects (HS) were involved in this study. Peripheral blood eosinophils were enriched using Ficoll gradient centrifugation and magnetic separation, subtyped by using magnetic separation against CD62L. ASM cell proliferation was assessed by AlamarBlue assay, migration by wound healing assay, and gene expression by qRT-PCR analysis. We found that blood iEOS-like and rEOS-like cells from AA and SEA patients' upregulated genes expression of contractile apparatus proteins, COL1A1, FN, TGF-β1 in ASM cells (p < 0.05), and SEA eosinophil subtypes demonstrated the highest effect on sm-MHC, SM22, and COL1A1 gene expression. Moreover, AA and SEA patients' blood eosinophil subtypes promoted migration of ASM cells and their ECM-related proliferation, compared with HS (p < 0.05) with the higher effect of rEOS-like cells. In conclusion, blood eosinophil subtypes may contribute to airway remodeling by upregulating contractile apparatus and ECM component production in ASM cells, further promoting their migration and ECM-related proliferation, with a stronger effect of rEOS-like cells and in SEA.
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Zheng G, Xue C, Cao F, Hu M, Li M, Xie H, Yu W, Zhao D. Effect of the uronic acid composition of alginate in alginate/collagen hybrid hydrogel on chondrocyte behavior. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1118975. [PMID: 36959903 PMCID: PMC10027720 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1118975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Developing a culture system that can effectively maintain chondrocyte phenotype and functionalization is a promising strategy for cartilage repair. Methods: An alginate/collagen (ALG/COL) hybrid hydrogel using different guluronate/mannuronate acid ratio (G/M ratio) of alginates (a G/M ratio of 64/36 and a G/M ratio of 34/66) with collagen was developed. The effects of G/M ratios on the properties of hydrogels and their effects on the chondrocytes behaviors were evaluated. Results: The results showed that the mechanical stiffness of the hydrogel was significantly affected by the G/M ratios of alginate. Chondrocytes cultured on Mid-G/M hydrogels exhibited better viability and phenotype preservation. Moreover, RT-qPCR analysis showed that the expression of cartilage-specific genes, including SOX9, COL2, and aggrecan was increased while the expression of RAC and ROCK1 was decreased in chondrocytes cultured on Mid-G/M hydrogels. Conclusion: These findings demonstrated that Mid-G/M hydrogels provided suitable matrix conditions for cultivating chondrocytes and may be useful in cartilage tissue engineering. More importantly, the results indicated the importance of taking alginate G/M ratios into account when designing alginate-based composite materials for cartilage tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoshuang Zheng
- Laboratory of Orthopedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for the Development of Orthopedic Implant Materials, Dalian, China
| | - Chundong Xue
- Laboratory of Orthopedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for the Development of Orthopedic Implant Materials, Dalian, China
| | - Fang Cao
- Laboratory of Orthopedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for the Development of Orthopedic Implant Materials, Dalian, China
| | - Minghui Hu
- Laboratory of Orthopedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for the Development of Orthopedic Implant Materials, Dalian, China
| | - Maoyuan Li
- Laboratory of Orthopedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for the Development of Orthopedic Implant Materials, Dalian, China
| | - Hui Xie
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for the Development of Orthopedic Implant Materials, Dalian, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Weiting Yu
- Laboratory of Orthopedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for the Development of Orthopedic Implant Materials, Dalian, China
- *Correspondence: Dewei Zhao, ; Weiting Yu,
| | - Dewei Zhao
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for the Development of Orthopedic Implant Materials, Dalian, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China
- *Correspondence: Dewei Zhao, ; Weiting Yu,
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Jain P, Rauer SB, Möller M, Singh S. Mimicking the Natural Basement Membrane for Advanced Tissue Engineering. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:3081-3103. [PMID: 35839343 PMCID: PMC9364315 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
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Advancements in the field of tissue engineering have
led to the
elucidation of physical and chemical characteristics of physiological
basement membranes (BM) as specialized forms of the extracellular
matrix. Efforts to recapitulate the intricate structure and biological
composition of the BM have encountered various advancements due to
its impact on cell fate, function, and regulation. More attention
has been paid to synthesizing biocompatible and biofunctional fibrillar
scaffolds that closely mimic the natural BM. Specific modifications
in biomimetic BM have paved the way for the development of in vitro models like alveolar-capillary barrier, airway
models, skin, blood-brain barrier, kidney barrier, and metastatic
models, which can be used for personalized drug screening, understanding
physiological and pathological pathways, and tissue implants. In this
Review, we focus on the structure, composition, and functions of in vivo BM and the ongoing efforts to mimic it synthetically.
Light has been shed on the advantages and limitations of various forms
of biomimetic BM scaffolds including porous polymeric membranes, hydrogels,
and electrospun membranes This Review further elaborates and justifies
the significance of BM mimics in tissue engineering, in particular
in the development of in vitro organ model systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puja Jain
- DWI-Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials e.V, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | | | - Martin Möller
- DWI-Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials e.V, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Smriti Singh
- Max-Planck-Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg 69028, Germany
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Migliorini F, Schenker H, Maffulli N, Hildebrand F, Eschweiler J. Histomorphometry of Ossification in Functionalised Ceramics with Tripeptide Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD): An In Vivo Study. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12050761. [PMID: 35629427 PMCID: PMC9146276 DOI: 10.3390/life12050761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the osseointegration promoted by functionalised ceramics with peptide Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) in a rabbit model in vivo. Histomorphometry of the RGD functionalised ceramic implants was conducted by a trained pathologist to quantify the amount of mature and immature ossification at the bone interface, and then compared to titanium alloy implants. The region of interest was the area surrounding the implant. The percentage of ROI covered by osteoid implant contact and mature bone implant contact were assessed. The presence of bone resorption, necrosis, and/or inflammation in the areas around the implant were quantitatively investigated. All 36 rabbits survived the experimental period of 6 and 12 weeks. All implants remained in situ. No necrosis, bone resorption, or inflammation were identified. At 12 weeks follow-up, the overall mean bone implant contact (p = 0.003) and immature osteoid contact (p = 0.03) were improved compared to the mean values evidenced at 6 weeks. At 6 weeks follow-up, the overall osteoid implant contact was greater in the RGD enhanced group compared to the titanium implant (p = 0.01). The other endpoints of interest were similar between the two implants at all follow-up points (p ≥ 0.05). Functionalised ceramics with peptide RGD promoted ossification in vivo. The overall osteoid and bone implant contact improved significantly from 6 to 12 weeks. Finally, RGD enhanced ceramic promoted faster osteoid implant contact in vivo than titanium implants. Overall, the amount of ossification at 12 weeks is comparable with the titanium implants. No necrosis, bone resorption, or inflammation were observed in any sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Migliorini
- Department of Orthopaedic, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, RWTH University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (F.M.); (H.S.); (F.H.); (J.E.)
| | - Hanno Schenker
- Department of Orthopaedic, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, RWTH University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (F.M.); (H.S.); (F.H.); (J.E.)
| | - Nicola Maffulli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University Faculty of Medicine, Stoke on Trent ST4 7QB, UK
- Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Centre for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Mile End Hospital, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4DG, UK
- Correspondence:
| | - Frank Hildebrand
- Department of Orthopaedic, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, RWTH University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (F.M.); (H.S.); (F.H.); (J.E.)
| | - Jörg Eschweiler
- Department of Orthopaedic, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, RWTH University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (F.M.); (H.S.); (F.H.); (J.E.)
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Influence of surface termination of ultrananocrystalline diamond films coated on titanium on response of human osteoblast cells: A proteome study. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 128:112289. [PMID: 34474840 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Successful osseointegration, i.e. the fully functional connection of patient's bone and artificial implant depends on the response of the cells to the direct contact with the surface of the implant. The surface properties of the implant which trigger cell responses leading to its integration into the surrounding bone can be tailored by surface modifications or coating with thin layers. One potential material for such applications is ultrananocrystalline diamond (UNCD). It combines the exceptional mechanical properties of diamond with good biocompatibility and possibility of coating as thin uniform films on different substrates of biological interest. In the current work we firstly deposited UNCD films on titanium-coated substrates and applied oxygen or ammonia plasma to modify their surface properties. The as-grown and modified UNCD exhibited relatively smooth surfaces with topography dominated by rounded features. The modifications induced oxygen- or amino-terminated surfaces with increased hydrophilicity. In addition, the UNCD coatings exhibited very low coefficient of friction when diamond was used as a counterpart. As-grown and modified UNCD samples were applied to study the responses of human osteoblast MG63 cells triggered by surfaces with various terminations assessed by proteomic analysis. The results revealed that the coating of Ti with UNCD as well as the plasma modifications resulting in O- or NH2-terminated UNCD induced upregulation of proteins specific for cytoskeleton, cell membrane, and extracellular matrix (ECM) involved in the cell-ECM-surface interactions. Proteins from each of these groups, namely, vimentin, cadherin and fibronectin were further studied immunocytochemically and the results confirmed their increased abundance leading to improved cell-to-surface adhesion and cell-to-cell interactions. These findings demonstrate the potential of implant coating with UNCD and its surface modifications for better osseointegration and bone formation.
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Cytoskeleton Response to Ionizing Radiation: A Brief Review on Adhesion and Migration Effects. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9091102. [PMID: 34572287 PMCID: PMC8465203 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9091102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytoskeleton is involved in several biological processes, including adhesion, motility, and intracellular transport. Alterations in the cytoskeletal components (actin filaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules) are strictly correlated to several diseases, such as cancer. Furthermore, alterations in the cytoskeletal structure can lead to anomalies in cells’ properties and increase their invasiveness. This review aims to analyse several studies which have examined the alteration of the cell cytoskeleton induced by ionizing radiations. In particular, the radiation effects on the actin cytoskeleton, cell adhesion, and migration have been considered to gain a deeper knowledge of the biophysical properties of the cell. In fact, the results found in the analysed works can not only aid in developing new diagnostic tools but also improve the current cancer treatments.
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Arimori T, Miyazaki N, Mihara E, Takizawa M, Taniguchi Y, Cabañas C, Sekiguchi K, Takagi J. Structural mechanism of laminin recognition by integrin. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4012. [PMID: 34188035 PMCID: PMC8241838 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24184-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recognition of laminin by integrin receptors is central to the epithelial cell adhesion to basement membrane, but the structural background of this molecular interaction remained elusive. Here, we report the structures of the prototypic laminin receptor α6β1 integrin alone and in complex with three-chain laminin-511 fragment determined via crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy, respectively. The laminin-integrin interface is made up of several binding sites located on all five subunits, with the laminin γ1 chain C-terminal portion providing focal interaction using two carboxylate anchor points to bridge metal-ion dependent adhesion site of integrin β1 subunit and Asn189 of integrin α6 subunit. Laminin α5 chain also contributes to the affinity and specificity by making electrostatic interactions with large surface on the β-propeller domain of α6, part of which comprises an alternatively spliced X1 region. The propeller sheet corresponding to this region shows unusually high mobility, suggesting its unique role in ligand capture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takao Arimori
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Laboratory for Protein Synthesis and Expression, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka Japan
| | - Naoyuki Miyazaki
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Laboratory for Protein Synthesis and Expression, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka Japan ,grid.20515.330000 0001 2369 4728Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Emiko Mihara
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Laboratory for Protein Synthesis and Expression, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka Japan
| | - Mamoru Takizawa
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Division of Matrixome Research and Application, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka Japan
| | - Yukimasa Taniguchi
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Division of Matrixome Research and Application, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka Japan
| | - Carlos Cabañas
- grid.465524.4Cell-cell Communication & Inflammation Unit, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain ,grid.4795.f0000 0001 2157 7667Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology (IOO), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain ,grid.144756.50000 0001 1945 5329Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Kiyotoshi Sekiguchi
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Division of Matrixome Research and Application, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka Japan
| | - Junichi Takagi
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Laboratory for Protein Synthesis and Expression, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka Japan
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8
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Ishikawa M, Hamada K, Yamada Y, Kumai J, Katagiri F, Kikkawa Y, Nomizu M. Conformational dependence of integrin‐binding peptides derived from homologous loop regions in the laminin α chains. J Pept Sci 2020; 26:e3284. [DOI: 10.1002/psc.3284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masaya Ishikawa
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences Tokyo Japan
| | - Keisuke Hamada
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences Tokyo Japan
| | - Yuji Yamada
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences Tokyo Japan
| | - Jun Kumai
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences Tokyo Japan
| | - Fumihiko Katagiri
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences Tokyo Japan
| | - Yamato Kikkawa
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences Tokyo Japan
| | - Motoyoshi Nomizu
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences Tokyo Japan
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Cha B, Kim J, Bello A, Lee G, Kim D, Kim BJ, Arai Y, Choi B, Park H, Lee S. Efficient Isolation and Enrichment of Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Human Embryonic Stem Cells by Utilizing the Interaction between Integrin α5 β1 and Fibronectin. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:2001365. [PMID: 32995130 PMCID: PMC7507081 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202001365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) are a potent source of clinically relevant mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) that confer functional and structural benefits in cell therapy and tissue regeneration. Obtaining sufficient numbers of MSCs in a short period of time and enhancing the differentiation potential of MSCs can be offered the potential to improve the regenerative activity of MSCs therapy. In addition, the underlying processes in the isolation and derivation of MSCs from hPSCs are still poorly understood and controlled. To overcome these clinical needs, an efficient and simplified technique on the isolation of MSCs from spontaneously differentiated human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) via integrin α5β1 (fibronectin (FN) receptor)-to-FN interactions (hESC-FN-MSCs) is successfully developed. It is demonstrated that hESC-FN-MSCs exhibit a typical MSC surface phenotype, cellular morphology, with the whole transcriptome similar to conventional adult MSCs; but show higher proliferative capacity, more efficient trilineage differentiation, enhanced cytokine secretion, and attenuated cellular senescence. In addition, the therapeutic potential and regenerative capacity of the isolated hESC-FN-MSCs are confirmed by in vitro and in vivo multilineage differentiation. This novel method will be useful in the generation of abundant amounts of clinically relevant MSCs for stem cell therapeutics and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung‐Hyun Cha
- Division of Cardio‐Thoracic SurgeryDepartment of SurgeryCollege of MedicineUniversity of ArizonaTucsonAZ85724USA
| | - Jin‐Su Kim
- CellenGene R&D CenterOpen Innovation BuildingSeoul02455Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical ScienceCHA UniversityCHA BiocomplexSeongnam‐siGyeonggi‐do13488Republic of Korea
| | - Alvin Bello
- Department of Integrative EngineeringChung‐Ang UniversitySeoul06974Republic of Korea
| | - Geun‐Hui Lee
- Department of Biomedical ScienceCHA UniversityCHA BiocomplexSeongnam‐siGyeonggi‐do13488Republic of Korea
| | - Do‐Hyun Kim
- Department of Medical BiotechnologyDongguk University32 Dongguk‐ro, Ilsandong‐guGoyangGyeonggi10326Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung Ju Kim
- Department of Medical BiotechnologyDongguk University32 Dongguk‐ro, Ilsandong‐guGoyangGyeonggi10326Republic of Korea
| | - Yoshie Arai
- Department of Medical BiotechnologyDongguk University32 Dongguk‐ro, Ilsandong‐guGoyangGyeonggi10326Republic of Korea
| | - Bogyu Choi
- Department of Biomedical ScienceCHA UniversityCHA BiocomplexSeongnam‐siGyeonggi‐do13488Republic of Korea
| | - Hansoo Park
- Department of Integrative EngineeringChung‐Ang UniversitySeoul06974Republic of Korea
| | - Soo‐Hong Lee
- Department of Medical BiotechnologyDongguk University32 Dongguk‐ro, Ilsandong‐guGoyangGyeonggi10326Republic of Korea
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Lü X, Huang Y, Qu Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Z. Integrated transcriptomic and proteomic study on the different molecular mechanisms of PC12 cell growth on chitosan and collagen/chitosan films. Regen Biomater 2020; 7:553-565. [PMID: 33365141 PMCID: PMC7748450 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbaa030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this article is to integrate the transcriptomic analysis and the proteomic profiles and to reveal and compare the different molecular mechanisms of PC12 cell growth on the surface of chitosan films and collagen/chitosan films. First, the chitosan films and the collagen/chitosan films were prepared. Subsequently, the cell viability assay was performed; the cell viability of the PC12 cells cultured on the collagen/chitosan films for 24 h was significantly higher than that on the chitosan films. Then, with cDNA microarray, the numbers of differentially expressed genes of PC12 cells on the surface of chitosan and collagen/chitosan films were 13349 and 5165, respectively. Next, the biological pathway analysis indicated that the differentially expressed genes were involved in 40 pathways directly related to cell adhesion and growth. The integrated transcriptomic and our previous proteomic analysis revealed that three biological pathways-extracellular matrix-receptor interaction, focal adhesion and regulation of actin cytoskeleton-were regulated in the processes of protein adsorption, cell adhesion and growth. The adsorbed proteins on the material surfaces further influenced the expression of important downstream genes by regulating the expression of related receptor genes in these three pathways. In comparison, chitosan films had a strong inhibitory effect on PC12 cell adhesion and growth, resulting in the significantly lower cell viability on its surface; on the contrary, collagen/chitosan films were more conducive to promoting PC12 cell adhesion and growth, resulting in higher cell viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Lü
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Yan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Yayun Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- SQ Medical Device Co., Ltd, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Zequn Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
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Pro-Fibrotic Phenotype in a Patient with Segmental Stiff Skin Syndrome via TGF-β Signaling Overactivation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21145141. [PMID: 32698527 PMCID: PMC7404389 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21145141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) superfamily signaling pathways are ubiquitous and essential for several cellular and physiological processes. The overexpression of TGF-β results in excessive fibrosis in multiple human disorders. Among them, stiff skin syndrome (SSS) is an ultrarare and untreatable condition characterized by the progressive thickening and hardening of the dermis, and acquired joint limitations. SSS is distinct in a widespread form, caused by recurrent germline variants of FBN1 encoding a key molecule of the TGF-β signaling, and a segmental form with unknown molecular basis. Here, we report a 12-year-old female with segmental SSS, affecting the right upper limb with acquired thickening of the dermis evident at the magnetic resonance imaging, and progressive limitation of the elbow and shoulder. To better explore the molecular and cellular mechanisms that drive segmental SSS, several functional studies on patient's fibroblasts were employed. We hypothesized an impairment of TGF-β signaling and, consequently, a dysregulation of the associated downstream signaling. Lesional fibroblast studies showed a higher phosphorylation level of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), increased levels of nuclear factor-kB (NFkB), and a nuclear accumulation of phosphorylated Smad2 via Western blot and microscopy analyses. Quantitative PCR expression analysis of genes encoding key extracellular matrix proteins revealed increased levels of COL1A1, COL3A1, AGT, LTBP and ITGB1, while zymography assay reported a reduced metalloproteinase 2 enzymatic activity. In vitro exposure of patient's fibroblasts to losartan led to the partial restoration of normal transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) marker protein levels. Taken together, these data demonstrate that in our patient, segmental SSS is characterized by the overactivation of multiple TGF-β signaling pathways, which likely results in altered extracellular matrix composition and fibroblast homeostasis. Our results for the first time reported that aberrant TGF-β signaling may drive the pathogenesis of segmental SSS and might open the way to novel therapeutic approaches.
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Xu H, Pumiglia K, LaFlamme SE. Laminin-511 and α6 integrins regulate the expression of CXCR4 to promote endothelial morphogenesis. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs246595. [PMID: 32409567 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.246595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
During angiogenesis, endothelial cells engage components of the extracellular matrix through integrin-mediated adhesion. Endothelial expression of laminin-411 and laminin-511 is known to promote vessel stability. However, little is known about the contribution of these laminins to endothelial morphogenesis. We used two organotypic cell culture angiogenesis assays, in conjunction with RNAi approaches, to demonstrate that depletion of either the α4 chain of laminin-411 (LAMA4) or the α5 chain of laminin-511 (LAMA5) from endothelial cells inhibits sprouting and tube formation. Depletion of α6 (ITGA6) integrins resulted in similar phenotypes. Gene expression analysis indicated that loss of either laminin-511 or α6 integrins inhibited the expression of CXCR4, a gene previously associated with angiogenic endothelial cells. Pharmacological or RNAi-dependent inhibition of CXCR4 suppressed endothelial sprouting and morphogenesis. Importantly, expression of recombinant CXCR4 rescued endothelial morphogenesis when α6 integrin expression was inhibited. Additionally, the depletion of α6 integrins from established tubes resulted in the loss of tube integrity and laminin-511. Taken together, our results indicate that α6 integrins and laminin-511 can promote endothelial morphogenesis by regulating the expression of CXCR4 and suggest that the α6-dependent deposition of laminin-511 protects the integrity of established endothelial tubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Xu
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany NY 12208, USA
| | - Kevin Pumiglia
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany NY 12208, USA
| | - Susan E LaFlamme
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany NY 12208, USA
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14
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Cai H, Ao Z, Wu Z, Nunez A, Jiang L, Carpenter RL, Nephew KP, Guo F. Profiling Cell–Matrix Adhesion Using Digitalized Acoustic Streaming. Anal Chem 2019; 92:2283-2290. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b05065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Cai
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Zheng Ao
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Zhuhao Wu
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Asael Nunez
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Lei Jiang
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Richard L. Carpenter
- Medical Sciences Program, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
- Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Kenneth P. Nephew
- Medical Sciences Program, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
- Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Feng Guo
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
- Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
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Kindlin-2 suppresses transcription factor GATA4 through interaction with SUV39H1 to attenuate hypertrophy. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:890. [PMID: 31767831 PMCID: PMC6877536 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-2121-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Kindlin-2 plays an important role in the regulation of cardiac structure and function. Depletion of Kindlin-2 contributes to cardiac hypertrophy and progressive heart failure, however, the precise mechanisms involved in this process remain unclear. GATA4 is a critical transcription factor in regulating cardiogenesis. We found that Kindlin-2 suppresses the expression of GATA4 through binding to its promoter and prevents cardiomyocytes from hypertrophy induced by isoproterenol (ISO) treatment. Mechanistically, Kindlin-2 interacts with histone methyltransferase SUV39H1 and recruits it to GATA4 promoter leading to the occupancy of histone H3K9 di- and tri-methylation. Furthermore, to confirm the function of Kindlin-2 in vivo, we generated mice with targeted deletion of cardiac Kindlin-2. We found that 6-month-old Kindlin-2 cKO mice have developed hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and that this pathological process can be accelerated by ISO-treatment. GATA4 expression was markedly activated in cardiac tissues of Kindlin-2 cKO mice compared to wild-type animals. Collectively, our data revealed that Kindlin-2 suppresses GATA4 expression by triggering histone H3K9 methylation in part and protects heart from pathological hypertrophy.
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Abstract
Tumors utilize a number of effective strategies, including the programmed death 1/PD ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) axis, to evade immune-mediated control of their growth. PD-L1 expression is mainly induced by IFN receptor signaling or constitutively induced. Integrins are an abundantly expressed class of proteins which play multiple deleterious roles in cancer and exert proangiogenic and prosurvival activities. We asked whether αvβ3-integrin positively regulates PD-L1 expression and the anticancer immune response. We report that αvβ3-integrin regulated constitutive and IFN-induced PD-L1 expression in human and murine cancerous and noncancerous cells. αvβ3-integrin targeted STAT1 through its signaling C tail. The implantation of β3-integrin-depleted tumor cells led to a dramatic decrease in the growth of primary tumors, which exhibited reduced PD-L1 expression and became immunologically hot, with increased IFNγ content and CD8+ cell infiltration. In addition, the implantation of β3-integrin-depleted tumors elicited an abscopal immunotherapeutic effect measured as protection from the challenge tumor and durable splenocyte and serum reactivity to B16 cell antigens. These modifications to the immunosuppressive microenvironment primed cells for checkpoint (CP) blockade. When combined with anti-PD-1, β3-integrin depletion led to durable therapy and elicited an abscopal immunotherapeutic effect. We conclude that in addition to its previously known roles, αvβ3-integrin serves as a critical component of the cancer immune evasion strategy and can be an effective immunotherapy target.
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Li Q, Zhou J, Lin L, Zhao H, Miao L, Pan Y. Porphyromonas gingivalis degrades integrin β1 and induces AIF-mediated apoptosis of epithelial cells. Infect Dis (Lond) 2019; 51:793-801. [PMID: 31411895 DOI: 10.1080/23744235.2019.1653490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Porphyromonas gingivalis, a major pathogen of chronic periodontitis, adheres to and invades epithelial cells via an interaction between fimbriae and integrin. P. gingivalis proliferation and infection may affect the survival of cells. In this study, we further examined alternative signaling pathways mediating epithelial-cell death induced by P. gingivalis and the role of the cell-adhesion molecule integrin. Methods: Human epithelial KB cells interacted with P. gingivalis to evaluate cell death by Annexin V-propidium iodide (PI) staining. JC-1 staining was used to measure mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). The mRNA and protein of integrin β1, apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) and caspase-3 were detected by real-time PCR and western blot. Caspase-3 activity was analyzed by spectrophotometry. Results: P. gingivalis infection downregulated integrin β1 and led to cell detachment in a dose and time-dependent manner. Large amount of P. gingivalis induced MMP depolarization and apoptosis in KB cells. Moreover, P. gingivalis up-regulated AIF, but not activate caspase-3 during apoptosis. In addition, AIF inhibitor N-Phenylmaleimide almost inhibited the P. gingivalis-induced apoptosis. Conclusions: P. gingivalis disrupts epithelial-cell adhesion by degrading integrin β1 and induces caspase-independent, AIF-mediated mitochondrial apoptosis, which may promote the damage of oral tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Stomatology, China Medical University , Shenyang , China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Periodontics, School of Stomatology, China Medical University , Shenyang , China
| | - Li Lin
- Department of Periodontics, School of Stomatology, China Medical University , Shenyang , China
| | - Haijiao Zhao
- Department of Periodontics, School of Stomatology, China Medical University , Shenyang , China
| | - Lei Miao
- Department of Periodontics, School of Stomatology, China Medical University , Shenyang , China
| | - Yaping Pan
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Stomatology, China Medical University , Shenyang , China.,Department of Periodontics, School of Stomatology, China Medical University , Shenyang , China
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18
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Dai R, Liu H, Han X, Liu J, Zhai Y, Rao J, Shen Q, Xu H. Angiopoietin-like-3 knockout protects against glomerulosclerosis in murine adriamycin-induced nephropathy by attenuating podocyte loss. BMC Nephrol 2019; 20:185. [PMID: 31126248 PMCID: PMC6533758 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-019-1383-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Angiopoietin-like-3 (Angptl3) knockout is known for its protective effects on podocyte injury and proteinuria in the early stage of adriamycin (ADR) nephropathy. The current study re-evaluated the renoprotective effect of Angptl3 knockout in chronic ADR nephropathy and attempted to explore the mechanism underlying the effect associated with Angptl3 knockout in glomerulosclerosis. Methods B6; 129S5 mice were injected with ADR to induce nephropathy. Kidney structure and serum and urine parameters were observed during long-term follow-up. Cultured primary mouse podocytes were exposed to ADR and analyzed for the expression of some relative proteins. Podocyte loss was analyzed in both in vivo and in vitro experiments. Results Angptl3 knockout attenuated proteinuria and hypoproteinemia, protected renal structure and function, and improved the survival of mice over the whole process of ADR nephropathy. Furthermore, Angptl3 knockout reduced the numbers of the detached and apoptotic cells in the renal tissue and alleviated podocyte loss in mice with ADR chronic nephropathy, thereby, delaying the glomerulosclerosis formation. Additional results in vitro showed that Angptl3 knockout attenuated ADR-induced primary podocyte loss, including podocyte detachment and apoptosis. Conclusion In addition to serving a renoprotective role in the early stage of ADR nephropathy, Angptl3 knockout contributed to disease amelioration throughout the ADR nephropathy process. Angptl3 knockout effectively delayed glomerulosclerosis formation by attenuating podocyte loss through rescuing podocytes from detachment and apoptosis. Angptl3 antagonists or inhibitors might have therapeutic potential in the occurrence and progression of nephropathy. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12882-019-1383-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rufeng Dai
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201102, China.,Shanghai Kidney Development & Pediatric Kidney Disease Research Center, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Haimei Liu
- Shanghai Kidney Development & Pediatric Kidney Disease Research Center, Shanghai, 201102, China.,Department of Rheumatism, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Xinli Han
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201102, China.,Shanghai Kidney Development & Pediatric Kidney Disease Research Center, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Junchao Liu
- Shanghai Kidney Development & Pediatric Kidney Disease Research Center, Shanghai, 201102, China.,Department of Chinese Medicine, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Yihui Zhai
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201102, China.,Shanghai Kidney Development & Pediatric Kidney Disease Research Center, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Jia Rao
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201102, China.,Shanghai Kidney Development & Pediatric Kidney Disease Research Center, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Qian Shen
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201102, China.,Shanghai Kidney Development & Pediatric Kidney Disease Research Center, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Hong Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201102, China. .,Shanghai Kidney Development & Pediatric Kidney Disease Research Center, Shanghai, 201102, China.
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Qu C, Bao Z, Zhang X, Wang Z, Ren J, Zhou Z, Tian M, Cheng X, Chen X, Feng C. A thermosensitive RGD-modified hydroxybutyl chitosan hydrogel as a 3D scaffold for BMSCs culture on keloid treatment. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 125:78-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.12.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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20
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Weisman NY. Genetic and Epigenetic Pathways of lethal (2) giant larvae Tumor Suppressor in Drosophila melanogaster. RUSS J GENET+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795419020145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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21
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Lin J, Cai Q, Liang B, Wu L, Zhuang Y, He Y, Lin W. Berberine, a Traditional Chinese Medicine, Reduces Inflammation in Adipose Tissue, Polarizes M2 Macrophages, and Increases Energy Expenditure in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:87-97. [PMID: 30606998 PMCID: PMC6330261 DOI: 10.12659/msm.911849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) gene has a role in mitochondrial energy expenditure in brown adipose tissue. This study aimed to investigate the effects of berberine, a benzylisoquinoline alkaloid used in traditional Chinese medicine, on energy expenditure, expression of the UCP1 gene, the cell stress protein inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α), apoptosis genes, and macrophage phenotype (M1 and M2) in white and brown adipose tissue in an obese mouse model fed a high-fat diet. MATERIAL AND METHODS Four-week-old C57BL/6J male mice (n=20) were divided into a high-fat diet group, a normal diet group, a group treated with berberine at 100 mg/kg/d in 0.9% normal saline, and a non-treated group. Whole-body fat mass, blood glucose, insulin resistance, and oxygen expenditure during physical activity were measured. After 16 weeks, the mice were euthanized for examination of liver and adipose tissue. The expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, apoptosis genes, thermogenic genes (including UCP1), and IRE1α, were investigated using immunohistochemistry, Western blot, and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), in white and brown adipose tissue. Magnetic cell sorting harvested M1 and M2 macrophages in adipose tissue. Clodronate liposomes were used to inhibit macrophage recruitment. RESULTS Berberine treatment in mice fed a high-fat diet increased energy metabolism, glucose tolerance, and expression of UCP1, and reduced expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, macrophage recruitment, and resulted in M2 macrophage polarization in white adipose tissue. Polarized M2 macrophages showed reduced expression of apoptotic genes and IRE1α. CONCLUSIONS Berberine improved metabolic function in a mouse model fed a high-fat diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China (mainland)
| | - Qingyan Cai
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China (mainland)
| | - Bo Liang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China (mainland)
| | - Lizhen Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China (mainland)
| | - Yong Zhuang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China (mainland)
| | - Yuanfang He
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China (mainland)
| | - Wanrong Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, Shishi (Overseas Chinese) Hospital, Quanzhou, Fujian, China (mainland)
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22
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LaFlamme SE, Mathew-Steiner S, Singh N, Colello-Borges D, Nieves B. Integrin and microtubule crosstalk in the regulation of cellular processes. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:4177-4185. [PMID: 30206641 PMCID: PMC6182340 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2913-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Integrins engage components of the extracellular matrix, and in collaboration with other receptors, regulate signaling cascades that impact cell behavior in part by modulating the cell's cytoskeleton. Integrins have long been known to function together with the actin cytoskeleton to promote cell adhesion, migration, and invasion, and with the intermediate filament cytoskeleton to mediate the strong adhesion needed for the maintenance and integrity of epithelial tissues. Recent studies have shed light on the crosstalk between integrin and the microtubule cytoskeleton. Integrins promote microtubule nucleation, growth, and stabilization at the cell cortex, whereas microtubules regulate integrin activity and remodeling of adhesion sites. Integrin-dependent stabilization of microtubules at the cell cortex is critical to the establishment of apical-basal polarity required for the formation of epithelial tissues. During cell migration, integrin-dependent microtubule stabilization contributes to front-rear polarity, whereas microtubules promote the turnover of integrin-mediated adhesions. This review focuses on this interdependent relationship and its impact on cell behavior and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan E LaFlamme
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, NY, 12208, USA.
| | - Shomita Mathew-Steiner
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
- Indiana University, 975 W. Walnut Street, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Neetu Singh
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Diane Colello-Borges
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Bethsaida Nieves
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
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23
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Nieuwenhuis B, Haenzi B, Andrews MR, Verhaagen J, Fawcett JW. Integrins promote axonal regeneration after injury of the nervous system. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2018; 93:1339-1362. [PMID: 29446228 PMCID: PMC6055631 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Integrins are cell surface receptors that form the link between extracellular matrix molecules of the cell environment and internal cell signalling and the cytoskeleton. They are involved in several processes, e.g. adhesion and migration during development and repair. This review focuses on the role of integrins in axonal regeneration. Integrins participate in spontaneous axonal regeneration in the peripheral nervous system through binding to various ligands that either inhibit or enhance their activation and signalling. Integrin biology is more complex in the central nervous system. Integrins receptors are transported into growing axons during development, but selective polarised transport of integrins limits the regenerative response in adult neurons. Manipulation of integrins and related molecules to control their activation state and localisation within axons is a promising route towards stimulating effective regeneration in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart Nieuwenhuis
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 0PYU.K.
- Laboratory for Regeneration of Sensorimotor SystemsNetherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW)1105 BAAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Barbara Haenzi
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 0PYU.K.
| | | | - Joost Verhaagen
- Laboratory for Regeneration of Sensorimotor SystemsNetherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW)1105 BAAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Centre for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam NeuroscienceVrije Universiteit Amsterdam1081 HVAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - James W. Fawcett
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 0PYU.K.
- Centre of Reconstructive NeuroscienceInstitute of Experimental Medicine142 20Prague 4Czech Republic
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24
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Chuang YC, Wu HY, Lin YL, Tzou SC, Chuang CH, Jian TY, Chen PR, Chang YC, Lin CH, Huang TH, Wang CC, Chan YL, Liao KW. Blockade of ITGA2 Induces Apoptosis and Inhibits Cell Migration in Gastric Cancer. Biol Proced Online 2018; 20:10. [PMID: 29743821 PMCID: PMC5928594 DOI: 10.1186/s12575-018-0073-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gastric cancer is currently the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Gastric cancer is often diagnosed at advanced stages and the outcome of the treatment is often poor. Therefore, identifying new therapeutic targets for this cancer is urgently needed. Integrin alpha 2 (ITGA2) subunit and the beta 1 subunit form a heterodimer for a transmembrane receptor for extracellular matrix, is an important molecule involved in tumor cell proliferation, survival and migration. Integrin α2β1 is over-expressed on a variety of cancer cells, but is low or absent in most normal organs and resting endothelial cells. Results In this report, we assessed the ITGA2 as the potential therapeutic target with the bioinformatics tools from the TCGA dataset in which composed of 375 gastric cancer tissues and 32 gastric normal tissues. According to the information from the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE) database, the AGS cell line with ITGA2 high expression and the SUN-1 cell line with low expression were chosen for the further investigation. Interestingly, the anti-ITGA2 antibody (at 3 μg/ml) inhibited approximately 50% survival of the AGS cells (over-expressed ITGA2), but had no effect in SNU-1 cells (ITGA2 negative). The extents of antibody-mediated cancer inhibition positively correlated with the expression levels of the ITGA2. We further showed that the anti-ITGA2 antibody induced apoptosis by up-regulating the RhoA-p38 MAPK signaling to promote the expressions of Bim, Apaf-1 and Caspase-9, whereas the expressions of Ras and Bax/Bcl-2 were not affected. Moreover, blocking ITGA2 by the specific antibody at lower doses also inhibited cell migration of gastric cancer cells. Blockade of ITGA2 by a specific antibody down-regulated the expression of N-WASP, PAK and LIMK to impede actin organization and cell migration of gastric cancer cells. Conclusions Here, we showed that the mRNA expression levels of ITGA2 comparing to normal tissues significantly increased. In addition, the results revealed that targeting integrin alpha 2 subunit by antibodies did not only inhibit cell migration, but also induce apoptosis effect on gastric cancer cells. Interestingly, higher expression level of ITGA2 led to significant effects on apoptosis progression during anti-ITGA2 antibody treatment, which indicated that ITGA2 expression levels directly correlate with their functionality. Our findings suggest that ITGA2 is a potential therapeutic target for gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chang Chuang
- 1Departmet of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, 75 Bo-Ai Street, Hsinchu, 300 Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hsin-Yi Wu
- 2Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Chiao Tung University, 75 Bo-Ai Street, Hsinchu, 300 Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yu-Ling Lin
- 1Departmet of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, 75 Bo-Ai Street, Hsinchu, 300 Taiwan, Republic of China.,3Center for Bioinformatics Research, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shey-Cherng Tzou
- 1Departmet of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, 75 Bo-Ai Street, Hsinchu, 300 Taiwan, Republic of China.,2Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Chiao Tung University, 75 Bo-Ai Street, Hsinchu, 300 Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Hsun Chuang
- 2Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Chiao Tung University, 75 Bo-Ai Street, Hsinchu, 300 Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ting-Yan Jian
- 2Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Chiao Tung University, 75 Bo-Ai Street, Hsinchu, 300 Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Pin-Rong Chen
- 2Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Chiao Tung University, 75 Bo-Ai Street, Hsinchu, 300 Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Ching Chang
- 4Department of Surgery, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chi-Hsin Lin
- 5Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Tse-Hung Huang
- 6Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan, Republic of China.,7School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China.,8School of Nursing, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chao-Ching Wang
- 6Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yi-Lin Chan
- 9Department of Life Science, Chinese Culture University, 55, Hwa-Kang Rd., Yang-Ming-Shan, Taipei, 11114 Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Kuang-Wen Liao
- 1Departmet of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, 75 Bo-Ai Street, Hsinchu, 300 Taiwan, Republic of China.,2Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Chiao Tung University, 75 Bo-Ai Street, Hsinchu, 300 Taiwan, Republic of China.,10College of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China.,11Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China.,12Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China
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25
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Zhang K, Tan J, Su J, Liang H, Shen L, Li C, Pan G, Yang L, Cui H. Integrin β3 plays a novel role in innate immunity in silkworm, Bombyx mori. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 77:307-317. [PMID: 28826989 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2017.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Integrins are transmembrane receptors that play essential roles in many physiological and pathological processes through cell-to-cell and cell-to-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions. In the current study, a 2653-bp full-length cDNA of a novel integrin β subunit (designated Bmintegrin β3) was obtained from silkworm hemocytes. Bmintegrin β3 has the typical conserved structure of the integrin β family. The qRT-PCR results showed that Bmintegrin β3 was specifically expressed in the hematological system and that its expression was significantly increased after challenge with different types of PAMPs and bacteria. The recombinant Bmintegrin β3 protein displayed increased aggregation with S. aureus, suggesting that Bmintegrin β3 might directly bind to PAMPs. Interestingly, Bmintegrin β3 knockdown promoted PPO1, PPO2, BAEE, SPH78, SPH125, and SPH127 expression and accelerated the melanization process. Unexpectedly, the expression of genes related to phagocytosis, the Toll pathway, and the IMD pathway was also up-regulated after Bmintegrin β3 knockdown. Thus, Bmintegrin β3 might be a pattern recognition protein (PRP) for PAMPs and might directly bind to bacteria and enhance the phagocytosis activity of hemocytes. Moreover, Bmintegrin β3 and its ligand might negatively regulate the expression of immune-related genes through an unknown mechanism. In summary, our studies provide new insights into the immune functions of Bmintegrin β3 from the silkworm, Bombyx mori.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, The Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Juan Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, The Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Jingjing Su
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, The Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Hanghua Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, The Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Li Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, The Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Chongyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, The Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Guangzhao Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, The Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Liqun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, The Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Hongjuan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, The Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China.
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26
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Quantitative label-free single cell tracking in 3D biomimetic matrices. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14135. [PMID: 29075007 PMCID: PMC5658366 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14458-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Live cell imaging enables an observation of cell behavior over a period of time and is a growing field in modern cell biology. Quantitative analysis of the spatio-temporal dynamics of heterogeneous cell populations in three-dimensional (3D) microenvironments contributes a better understanding of cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions for many biomedical questions of physiological and pathological processes. However, current live cell imaging and analysis techniques are frequently limited by non-physiological 2D settings. Furthermore, they often rely on cell labelling by fluorescent dyes or expression of fluorescent proteins to enhance contrast of cells, which frequently affects cell viability and behavior of cells. In this work, we present a quantitative, label-free 3D single cell tracking technique using standard bright-field microscopy and affordable computational resources for data analysis. We demonstrate the efficacy of the automated method by studying migratory behavior of a large number of primary human macrophages over long time periods of several days in a biomimetic 3D microenvironment. The new technology provides a highly affordable platform for long-term studies of single cell behavior in 3D settings with minimal cell manipulation and can be implemented for various studies regarding cell-matrix interactions, cell-cell interactions as well as drug screening platform for primary and heterogeneous cell populations.
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Meyle J, Dommisch H, Groeger S, Giacaman RA, Costalonga M, Herzberg M. The innate host response in caries and periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol 2017; 44:1215-1225. [PMID: 28727164 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Innate immunity rapidly defends the host against infectious insults. These reactions are of limited specificity and exhaust without providing long-term protection. Functional fluids and effector molecules contribute to the defence against infectious agents, drive the immune response, and direct the cellular players. AIM To review the literature and present a summary of current knowledge about the function of tissues, cellular players and soluble mediators of innate immunity relevant to caries and periodontitis. METHODS Historical and recent literature was critically reviewed based on publications in peer-reviewed scientific journals. RESULTS The innate immune response is vital to resistance against caries and periodontitis and rapidly attempts to protect against infectious agents in the dental hard and soft tissues. Soluble mediators include specialized proteins and lipids. They function to signal to immune and inflammatory cells, provide antimicrobial resistance, and also induce mechanisms for potential repair of damaged tissues. CONCLUSIONS Far less investigated than adaptive immunity, innate immune responses are an emerging scientific and therapeutic frontier. Soluble mediators of the innate response provide a network of signals to organize the near immediate molecular and cellular response to infection, including direct and immediate antimicrobial activity. Further studies in human disease and animal models are generally needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joerg Meyle
- Department of Periodontology, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Henrik Dommisch
- Department of Periodontology and Synoptic Dentistry, Charité - Medical University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sabine Groeger
- Department of Periodontology, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Rodrigo A Giacaman
- Cariology Unit, Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Interdisciplinary Excellence Research Program on Healthy Aging (PIEIES), University of Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Massimo Costalonga
- Department of Developmental and Surgical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Mark Herzberg
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Belyanina IV, Zamay TN, Zamay GS, Zamay SS, Kolovskaya OS, Ivanchenko TI, Denisenko VV, Kirichenko AK, Glazyrin YE, Garanzha IV, Grigorieva VV, Shabanov AV, Veprintsev DV, Sokolov AE, Sadovskii VM, Gargaun A, Berezovski MV, Kichkailo AS. In Vivo Cancer Cells Elimination Guided by Aptamer-Functionalized Gold-Coated Magnetic Nanoparticles and Controlled with Low Frequency Alternating Magnetic Field. Am J Cancer Res 2017; 7:3326-3337. [PMID: 28900513 PMCID: PMC5595135 DOI: 10.7150/thno.17089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomedical applications of magnetic nanoparticles under the influence of a magnetic field have been proved useful beyond expectations in cancer therapy. Magnetic nanoparticles are effective heat mediators, drug nanocarriers, and contrast agents; various strategies have been suggested to selectively target tumor cancer cells. Our study presents magnetodynamic nanotherapy using DNA aptamer-functionalized 50 nm gold-coated magnetic nanoparticles exposed to a low frequency alternating magnetic field for selective elimination of tumor cells in vivo. The cell specific DNA aptamer AS-14 binds to the fibronectin protein in Ehrlich carcinoma hence helps deliver the gold-coated magnetic nanoparticles to the mouse tumor. Applying an alternating magnetic field of 50 Hz at the tumor site causes the nanoparticles to oscillate and pull the fibronectin proteins and integrins to the surface of the cell membrane. This results in apoptosis followed by necrosis of tumor cells without heating the tumor, adjacent healthy cells and tissues. The aptamer-guided nanoparticles and the low frequency alternating magnetic field demonstrates a unique non-invasive nanoscalpel technology for precise cancer surgery at the single cell level.
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Zhang Z, Mu Y, Veevers J, Peter AK, Manso AM, Bradford WH, Dalton ND, Peterson KL, Knowlton KU, Ross RS, Zhou X, Chen J. Postnatal Loss of Kindlin-2 Leads to Progressive Heart Failure. Circ Heart Fail 2017; 9:CIRCHEARTFAILURE.116.003129. [PMID: 27502369 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.116.003129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The striated muscle costamere, a multiprotein complex at the boundary between the sarcomere and the sarcolemma, plays an integral role in maintaining striated muscle structure and function. Multiple costamere-associated proteins, such as integrins and integrin-interacting proteins, have been identified and shown to play an increasingly important role in the pathogenesis of human cardiomyopathy. Kindlin-2 is an adaptor protein that binds to the integrin β cytoplasmic tail to promote integrin activation. Genetic deficiency of Kindlin-2 results in embryonic lethality, and knockdown of the Kindlin-2 homolog in Caenorhabditis elegans and Danio rerio suggests that it has an essential role in integrin function and normal muscle structure and function. The precise role of Kindlin-2 in the mammalian cardiac myocyte remains to be determined. METHODS AND RESULTS The current studies were designed to investigate the role of Kindlin-2 in the mammalian heart. We generated a series of cardiac myocyte-specific Kindlin-2 knockout mice with excision of the Kindlin-2 gene in either developing or adult cardiac myocytes. We found that mice lacking Kindlin-2 in the early developing heart are embryonic lethal. We demonstrate that deletion of Kindlin-2 at late gestation or in adult cardiac myocytes resulted in heart failure and premature death, which were associated with enlargement of the heart and extensive fibrosis. In addition, integrin β1D protein expression was significantly downregulated in the adult heart. CONCLUSIONS Kindlin-2 is required to maintain integrin β1D protein stability. Postnatal loss of Kindlin-2 from cardiac myocytes leads to progressive heart failure, showing the importance of costameric proteins like Kindlin-2 for homeostasis of normal heart function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Zhang
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (Z.Z., X.Z.); Department of Medicine-Cardiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (Z.Z., Y.M., J.V., A.K.P., A.M.M., W.H.B., N.D.D., K.L.P., K.U.K., R.S.R., J.C.); Veterans Administration Healthcare, Medicine/Cardiology, San Diego, CA (A.M.M., R.S.R.)
| | - Yongxin Mu
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (Z.Z., X.Z.); Department of Medicine-Cardiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (Z.Z., Y.M., J.V., A.K.P., A.M.M., W.H.B., N.D.D., K.L.P., K.U.K., R.S.R., J.C.); Veterans Administration Healthcare, Medicine/Cardiology, San Diego, CA (A.M.M., R.S.R.)
| | - Jennifer Veevers
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (Z.Z., X.Z.); Department of Medicine-Cardiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (Z.Z., Y.M., J.V., A.K.P., A.M.M., W.H.B., N.D.D., K.L.P., K.U.K., R.S.R., J.C.); Veterans Administration Healthcare, Medicine/Cardiology, San Diego, CA (A.M.M., R.S.R.)
| | - Angela K Peter
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (Z.Z., X.Z.); Department of Medicine-Cardiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (Z.Z., Y.M., J.V., A.K.P., A.M.M., W.H.B., N.D.D., K.L.P., K.U.K., R.S.R., J.C.); Veterans Administration Healthcare, Medicine/Cardiology, San Diego, CA (A.M.M., R.S.R.)
| | - Ana Maria Manso
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (Z.Z., X.Z.); Department of Medicine-Cardiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (Z.Z., Y.M., J.V., A.K.P., A.M.M., W.H.B., N.D.D., K.L.P., K.U.K., R.S.R., J.C.); Veterans Administration Healthcare, Medicine/Cardiology, San Diego, CA (A.M.M., R.S.R.)
| | - William H Bradford
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (Z.Z., X.Z.); Department of Medicine-Cardiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (Z.Z., Y.M., J.V., A.K.P., A.M.M., W.H.B., N.D.D., K.L.P., K.U.K., R.S.R., J.C.); Veterans Administration Healthcare, Medicine/Cardiology, San Diego, CA (A.M.M., R.S.R.)
| | - Nancy D Dalton
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (Z.Z., X.Z.); Department of Medicine-Cardiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (Z.Z., Y.M., J.V., A.K.P., A.M.M., W.H.B., N.D.D., K.L.P., K.U.K., R.S.R., J.C.); Veterans Administration Healthcare, Medicine/Cardiology, San Diego, CA (A.M.M., R.S.R.)
| | - Kirk L Peterson
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (Z.Z., X.Z.); Department of Medicine-Cardiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (Z.Z., Y.M., J.V., A.K.P., A.M.M., W.H.B., N.D.D., K.L.P., K.U.K., R.S.R., J.C.); Veterans Administration Healthcare, Medicine/Cardiology, San Diego, CA (A.M.M., R.S.R.)
| | - Kirk U Knowlton
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (Z.Z., X.Z.); Department of Medicine-Cardiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (Z.Z., Y.M., J.V., A.K.P., A.M.M., W.H.B., N.D.D., K.L.P., K.U.K., R.S.R., J.C.); Veterans Administration Healthcare, Medicine/Cardiology, San Diego, CA (A.M.M., R.S.R.)
| | - Robert S Ross
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (Z.Z., X.Z.); Department of Medicine-Cardiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (Z.Z., Y.M., J.V., A.K.P., A.M.M., W.H.B., N.D.D., K.L.P., K.U.K., R.S.R., J.C.); Veterans Administration Healthcare, Medicine/Cardiology, San Diego, CA (A.M.M., R.S.R.)
| | - Xinmin Zhou
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (Z.Z., X.Z.); Department of Medicine-Cardiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (Z.Z., Y.M., J.V., A.K.P., A.M.M., W.H.B., N.D.D., K.L.P., K.U.K., R.S.R., J.C.); Veterans Administration Healthcare, Medicine/Cardiology, San Diego, CA (A.M.M., R.S.R.)
| | - Ju Chen
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (Z.Z., X.Z.); Department of Medicine-Cardiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (Z.Z., Y.M., J.V., A.K.P., A.M.M., W.H.B., N.D.D., K.L.P., K.U.K., R.S.R., J.C.); Veterans Administration Healthcare, Medicine/Cardiology, San Diego, CA (A.M.M., R.S.R.).
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Varadaraj A, Jenkins LM, Singh P, Chanda A, Snider J, Lee NY, Amsalem-Zafran AR, Ehrlich M, Henis YI, Mythreye K. TGF-β triggers rapid fibrillogenesis via a novel TβRII-dependent fibronectin-trafficking mechanism. Mol Biol Cell 2017; 28:1195-1207. [PMID: 28298487 PMCID: PMC5415016 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e16-08-0601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
There is increased recycling of soluble fibronectin from the cell surface for fibrillogenesis. This recycling is regulated by TGF-β in a transcription- and SMAD-independent manner via specific TβRII and integrin α5β1 interactions. The recycling of fibronectin is Rab11 dependent and is required for TGF-β–induced cell migration. Fibronectin (FN) is a critical regulator of extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling through its availability and stepwise polymerization for fibrillogenesis. Availability of FN is regulated by its synthesis and turnover, and fibrillogenesis is a multistep, integrin-dependent process essential for cell migration, proliferation, and tissue function. Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) is an established regulator of ECM remodeling via transcriptional control of ECM proteins. Here we show that TGF-β, through increased FN trafficking in a transcription- and SMAD-independent manner, is a direct and rapid inducer of the fibrillogenesis required for TGF-β–induced cell migration. Whereas TGF-β signaling is dispensable for rapid fibrillogenesis, stable interactions between the cytoplasmic domain of the type II TGF-β receptor (TβRII) and the FN receptor (α5β1 integrin) are required. We find that, in response to TGF-β, cell surface–internalized FN is not degraded by the lysosome but instead undergoes recycling and incorporation into fibrils, a process dependent on TβRII. These findings are the first to show direct use of trafficked and recycled FN for fibrillogenesis, with a striking role for TGF-β in this process. Given the significant physiological consequences associated with FN availability and polymerization, our findings provide new insights into the regulation of fibrillogenesis for cellular homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Varadaraj
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208
| | - Laura M Jenkins
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208
| | - Priyanka Singh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208
| | - Anindya Chanda
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29201
| | - John Snider
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208
| | - N Y Lee
- Division of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | | | - Marcelo Ehrlich
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Yoav I Henis
- Department of Neurobiology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Karthikeyan Mythreye
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 .,Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208
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Chen L, He H, Wang M, Li X, Yin H. Surface Coating of Polytetrafluoroethylene with Extracellular Matrix and Anti-CD34 Antibodies Facilitates Endothelialization and Inhibits Platelet Adhesion Under Sheer Stress. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017; 14:359-370. [PMID: 30603492 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-017-0044-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) polymers do not support endothelialization because of nonconductive characteristics towards cellular attachment. Inner surface modification of the grafts can improve endothelialization and increase the long-term patency rate of the ePTFE vascular grafts. Here we reported a method of inner-surface modification of ePTFE vascular graft with extracellular matrix (ECM) and CD34 monoclonal antibodies (CD34 mAb) to stimulate the adhesion and proliferation of circulating endothelial progenitor cells on ePTFE graft to enhance graft endothelialization. The inner surface of ECM-coated ePTFE grafts were linked with CD34 mAb in the presence of 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide/N-hydroxysuccinimide (EDC/NHS) solution and the physicochemical properties, surface morphology, biocompatibility, and hemocompatibility of the grafts were studied. The hydrophilicity of CD34 mAb-coated graft inner surface was significantly improved. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis confirmed ECM and CD34 mAb cross-linking in the ePTFE vascular grafts with our method. Scanning electron microscopy analysis showed protein layer covering uniformly on the inner surface of the modified grafts. The cell-counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay confirmed that the modified graft has no obvious cytotoxicity. The modified graft showed a low hemolytic rate (0.9%) in the direct contact hemolysis test, suggesting the modification improved hemocompatibility of biopolymers. The modification also decreased adhesion of platelets, while significantly increased the adhesion of endothelial cells on the grafts. We conclude that our method enables ePTFE polymers modification with ECM and CD34 mAb, facilitates endothelialization, and inhibits platelet adhesion on the grafts, thus may increase the long-term patency rate of the prosthetic bypass grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- 1Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Haipeng He
- 2Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ji'nan University, Guangzhou, 510630 China
| | - Mian Wang
- 1Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Xiaoxi Li
- 1Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Henghui Yin
- 3Department of Vascular Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
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Cell-matrix signals specify bone endothelial cells during developmental osteogenesis. Nat Cell Biol 2017; 19:189-201. [PMID: 28218908 PMCID: PMC5580829 DOI: 10.1038/ncb3476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Blood vessels in the mammalian skeletal system control bone formation and support haematopoiesis by generating local niche environments. While a specialized capillary subtype, termed type H, has been recently shown to couple angiogenesis and osteogenesis in adolescent, adult and ageing mice, little is known about the formation of specific endothelial cell populations during early developmental endochondral bone formation. Here, we report that embryonic and early postnatal long bone contains a specialized endothelial cell subtype, termed type E, which strongly supports osteoblast lineage cells and later gives rise to other endothelial cell subpopulations. The differentiation and functional properties of bone endothelial cells require cell-matrix signalling interactions. Loss of endothelial integrin β1 leads to endothelial cell differentiation defects and impaired postnatal bone growth, which is, in part, phenocopied by endothelial cell-specific laminin α5 mutants. Our work outlines fundamental principles of vessel formation and endothelial cell differentiation in the developing skeletal system.
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Lü X, Yang F, Huang Y, Yu Y. Role of integrin in influencing differentiation of PC12 cell grown on PLLA-aligned nanofiber: a mRNA–microRNA–protein integrative study. Regen Biomater 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbw040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Lü
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, PR China
| | - Fei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China
| | - Yan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China
| | - Yadong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China
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Manfrini M, Mazzoni E, Barbanti-Brodano G, Nocini P, D'agostino A, Trombelli L, Tognon M. Osteoconductivity of Complex Biomaterials Assayed by Fluorescent-Engineered Osteoblast-like Cells. Cell Biochem Biophys 2016; 71:1509-15. [PMID: 25388843 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-014-0374-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Biomaterials employed for the bone regeneration can be assayed for specific features such as osteoconductivity and gene expression. In this study, the composite HA/collagen/chondroitin-sulfate biomaterial was investigated using an engineered human cell line, named Saos-eGFP. This cell line, a green fluorescent engineered human osteoblast-like cell, was employed as a cellular model for the in vitro study of biomaterial characteristics. The cytotoxicity was indirectly evaluated by fluorescence detection, osteoconductivity was assayed both by fluorescence and electron microscope analysis as well as cell morphology, whereas the RT-PCR technique was employed to assay gene expression. Saos-eGFP cells viability detection after 24 and 96 h of incubation showed that biomaterial enables the adhesion and proliferation of seeded cells as well as that of the plastic surface, the control. Fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses indicated that Saos-eGFP cells were homogeneously distributed on the HA granule surfaces, exhibiting cytoplasmic bridges, and were localized on the collagen-chondroitin sulfate extra-cellular matrix. An expression analysis of specific genes encoding for differentiation markers, showed that biomaterial assayed did not alter the osteogenic pathway of the Saos-eGFP cell line. Our assays confirm the cytocompatibility of this biomaterial, suggesting an osteoconductive capacity mediated by its chemical contents. We showed that the Saos-eGFP cellular model is suitable for in vitro biomaterial assays, and more specifically for assessing osteoconductivity. This result suggests that the cytocompatibility and osteoconductive features of the biomaterial assayed as bone substitute, could have a positive downstream effect on implant osteo-integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Manfrini
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Elisa Mazzoni
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | | | - Antonio D'agostino
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Leonardo Trombelli
- Research Centre for the Study of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mauro Tognon
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
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Ahi EP. Signalling pathways in trophic skeletal development and morphogenesis: Insights from studies on teleost fish. Dev Biol 2016; 420:11-31. [PMID: 27713057 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2016] [Revised: 10/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
During the development of the vertebrate feeding apparatus, a variety of complicated cellular and molecular processes participate in the formation and integration of individual skeletal elements. The molecular mechanisms regulating the formation of skeletal primordia and their development into specific morphological structures are tightly controlled by a set of interconnected signalling pathways. Some of these pathways, such as Bmp, Hedgehog, Notch and Wnt, are long known for their pivotal roles in craniofacial skeletogenesis. Studies addressing the functional details of their components and downstream targets, the mechanisms of their interactions with other signals as well as their potential roles in adaptive morphological divergence, are currently attracting considerable attention. An increasing number of signalling pathways that had previously been described in different biological contexts have been shown to be important in the regulation of jaw skeletal development and morphogenesis. In this review, I provide an overview of signalling pathways involved in trophic skeletogenesis emphasizing studies of the most species-rich group of vertebrates, the teleost fish, which through their evolutionary history have undergone repeated episodes of spectacular trophic diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Pashay Ahi
- Institute of Zoology, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 2, A-8010 Graz, Austria; Institute of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Iceland, Sturlugata 7, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland.
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Cruz-Acuña R, García AJ. Synthetic hydrogels mimicking basement membrane matrices to promote cell-matrix interactions. Matrix Biol 2016; 57-58:324-333. [PMID: 27283894 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Naturally-derived materials have been extensively used as 3D cellular matrices as their inherent bioactivity makes them suitable for the study of many cellular processes. Nevertheless, lot-to-lot variability, inability to decouple biochemical and biophysical properties and, in some types, their tumor-derived nature limits their translational potential and reliability. One innovative approach to overcome these limitations has focused on incorporating bioactivity into cytocompatible, synthetic hydrogels that present tunable physicochemical properties. This review provides an overview of successful approaches to convey basement membrane-like bioactivity into 3D artificial hydrogel matrices in order to recapitulate cellular responses to native matrices. Recent advances involving biofunctionalization of synthetic hydrogels via incorporation of bioactive motifs that promote cell-matrix interactions and cell-directed matrix degradation will be discussed. This review highlights how the tunable physicochemical properties of biofunctionalized synthetic hydrogel matrices can be exploited to study the separate contributions of biochemical and biophysical matrix properties to different cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Cruz-Acuña
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States; Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Andrés J García
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States; Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States.
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Spagnolo P, Bush A. Interstitial Lung Disease in Children Younger Than 2 Years. Pediatrics 2016; 137:peds.2015-2725. [PMID: 27245831 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2015-2725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Childhood interstitial lung disease (chILD) represents a highly heterogeneous group of rare disorders associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Although our understanding of chILD remains limited, important advances have recently been made, the most important being probably the appreciation that disorders that present in early life are distinct from those occurring in older children and adults, albeit with some overlap. chILD manifests with diffuse pulmonary infiltrates and nonspecific respiratory signs and symptoms, making exclusion of common conditions presenting in a similar fashion an essential preliminary step. Subsequently, a systematic approach to diagnosis includes a careful history and physical examination, computed tomography of the chest, and some or all of bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage, genetic testing, and if diagnostic uncertainty persists, lung biopsy. This review focuses on chILD presenting in infants younger than 2 years of age and discusses recent advances in the classification, diagnostic approach, and management of chILD in this age range. We describe novel genetic entities, along with initiatives that aim at collecting clinical data and biologic samples from carefully characterized patients in a prospective and standardized fashion. Early referral to expert centers and timely diagnosis may have important implications for patient management and prognosis, but effective therapies are often lacking. Following massive efforts, international collaborations among the key stakeholders are finally starting to be in place. These have allowed the setting up and conducting of the first randomized controlled trial of therapeutic interventions in patients with chILD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Spagnolo
- Medical University Clinic, Canton Hospital Baselland, and University of Basel, Liestal, Switzerland;
| | - Andrew Bush
- Royal Brompton Hospital and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
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Villa-Diaz LG, Kim JK, Laperle A, Palecek SP, Krebsbach PH. Inhibition of Focal Adhesion Kinase Signaling by Integrin α6β1 Supports Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Self-Renewal. Stem Cells 2016; 34:1753-64. [PMID: 26930028 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Self-renewal of human embryonic stem cells and human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs)-known as pluripotent stem cells (PSC)-is influenced by culture conditions, including the substrate on which they are grown. However, details of the molecular mechanisms interconnecting the substrate and self-renewal of these cells remain unclear. We describe a signaling pathway in hPSCs linking self-renewal and expression of pluripotency transcription factors to integrin α6β1 and inactivation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK). Disruption of this pathway results in hPSC differentiation. In hPSCs, α6β1 is the dominant integrin and FAK is not phosphorylated at Y397, and thus, it is inactive. During differentiation, integrin α6 levels diminish and Y397 FAK is phosphorylated and activated. During reprogramming of fibroblasts into iPSCs, integrin α6 is upregulated and FAK is inactivated. Knockdown of integrin α6 and activation of β1 integrin lead to FAK phosphorylation and reduction of Nanog, Oct4, and Sox2, suggesting that integrin α6 functions in inactivation of integrin β1 and FAK signaling and prevention of hPSC differentiation. The N-terminal domain of FAK, where Y397 is localized, is in the nuclei of hPSCs interacting with Oct4 and Sox2, and this immunolocalization is regulated by Oct4. hPSCs remodel the extracellular microenvironment and deposit laminin α5, the primary ligand of integrin α6β1. Knockdown of laminin α5 resulted in reduction of integrin α6 expression, phosphorylation of FAK and decreased Oct4. In conclusion, hPSCs promote the expression of integrin α6β1, and nuclear localization and inactivation of FAK to supports stem cell self-renewal. Stem Cells 2016;34:1753-1764.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis G Villa-Diaz
- Department of Biologic & Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jin Koo Kim
- Department of Biologic & Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Alex Laperle
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Sean P Palecek
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Paul H Krebsbach
- Department of Biologic & Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Lebreton L, Tuffigo M, Pillois X, Fiore M. [New perspectives on the role of αIIbβ3 integrin in defective megakaryopoiesis]. Med Sci (Paris) 2016; 32:290-6. [PMID: 27011248 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/20163203014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in platelet production (megakaryopoiesis) has extremely increased, thanks to the study of genetic diseases causing inherited thrombocytopenia. Among the wide variety of transmembrane receptors covering the platelet membrane, αIIbβ3 integrin is the major one, allowing platelets to aggregate upon the occurrence of vascular breach. Platelet counts are usually normal in patients with αIIbβ3 deficiency, suggesting that its role for normal platelet production and morphology is very limited. However, recently, new clinical observations of genetic diseases provided evidence against this hypothesis, bringing new data on the role of αIIbβ3 integrin in defective megakaryopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Lebreton
- Université Victor Segalen, 146, rue Léo Saignat, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Marie Tuffigo
- Université Victor Segalen, 146, rue Léo Saignat, 33000, Bordeaux, France - Laboratoire d'hématologie, CHU de Bordeaux, avenue Magellan, 33604, Pessac, France
| | - Xavier Pillois
- Centre de référence des pathologies plaquettaires, avenue Magellan, 33604, Pessac, France
| | - Mathieu Fiore
- Laboratoire d'hématologie, CHU de Bordeaux, avenue Magellan, 33604, Pessac, France - Centre de référence des pathologies plaquettaires, avenue Magellan, 33604, Pessac, France
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van Buul JD, Geerts D, Huveneers S. Rho GAPs and GEFs: controling switches in endothelial cell adhesion. Cell Adh Migr 2015; 8:108-24. [PMID: 24622613 PMCID: PMC4049857 DOI: 10.4161/cam.27599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Within blood vessels, endothelial cell–cell and cell–matrix adhesions are crucial to preserve barrier function, and these adhesions are tightly controlled during vascular development, angiogenesis, and transendothelial migration of inflammatory cells. Endothelial cellular signaling that occurs via the family of Rho GTPases coordinates these cell adhesion structures through cytoskeletal remodelling. In turn, Rho GTPases are regulated by GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs) and guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs). To understand how endothelial cells initiate changes in the activity of Rho GTPases, and thereby regulate cell adhesion, we will discuss the role of Rho GAPs and GEFs in vascular biology. Many potentially important Rho regulators have not been studied in detail in endothelial cells. We therefore will first overview which GAPs and GEFs are highly expressed in endothelium, based on comparative gene expression analysis of human endothelial cells compared with other tissue cell types. Subsequently, we discuss the relevance of Rho GAPs and GEFs for endothelial cell adhesion in vascular homeostasis and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaap D van Buul
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology; Sanquin Research and Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences; University of Amsterdam; The Netherlands
| | - Dirk Geerts
- Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology; Erasmus University Medical Center; Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stephan Huveneers
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology; Sanquin Research and Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences; University of Amsterdam; The Netherlands
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EXP CLIN TRANSPLANTExp Clin Transplant 2015; 13. [DOI: 10.6002/ect.mesot2014.p215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Functional impact of integrin α5β1 on the homeostasis of intervertebral discs: a study of mechanotransduction pathways using a novel dynamic loading organ culture system. Spine J 2015; 15:417-26. [PMID: 25546513 PMCID: PMC5673479 DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2014.12.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CONTEXT Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration, a major cause of low back pain, is considered to be induced by daily mechanical loading. Mechanical stress is widely known to affect cell survival and extracellular matrix metabolism in many cell types. Although the involvement of integrin α5β1 transmembrane mechanoreceptor in IVD degeneration has been reported, the precise function of integrin α5β1 remains obscure. PURPOSE To reflect IVD tissue response to mechanical stress using a dynamic loading organ culture system and elucidate the functional impact of integrin α5β1 on the pathomechanism of IVD degeneration. STUDY DESIGN An ex vivo study using a dynamic loading organ culture system. METHODS Ninety-six rat IVD explants were examined. Intervertebral discs were subjected to 1.3 MPa, 1.0 Hz dynamic compressive load in the presence or absence of an Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) peptide with affinity to the fibronectin binding-site of integrin α5β1. Cell viability and histomorphology were assessed. The localization of integrin α5β1 in the IVD was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Gene expression levels of IVD cells were evaluated using real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS In the nucleus pulposus (NP), cell density and viability were reduced by dynamic compressive load. Histologic degenerative alterations, mainly seen in the NP, were the morphologic changes of NP cells. In both NP and annulus fibrosus (AF), immunohistochemistry revealed localization of integrin α5β1 and that the messenger-RNA expression of integrin α5β1 was increased by dynamic load. Dynamic load induced a catabolic effect, the stimulation of matrix metalloproteinase-3 and -13 gene expressions by NP and AF cells. The RGD peptide partially blocked the histologic alterations and the catabolic effect. CONCLUSIONS The dynamic loading organ culture system simulated cellular responses to mechanical loading of the IVD. Our results suggest that IVD cells recognize the mechanical stress through RGD integrins, particularly the α5β1 subtype that is highly expressed in NP and AF cells. Further experiments using this system will provide information about pathomechanisms of IVD degeneration through the mechanotransduction pathways.
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Kim HS, Yoo HS. Differentiation and focal adhesion of adipose-derived stem cells on nano-pillars arrays with different spacing. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra07608k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
A nanopillar array with pillar-to-pillar distances ranging from 3 μm to 10 μm induces neuronal differentiation of ADSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Sung Kim
- Department of Medical Biomaterials Engineering
- College of Biomedical Science
- Kangwon National University
- Chuncheon 200-701
- Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuk Sang Yoo
- Department of Medical Biomaterials Engineering
- College of Biomedical Science
- Kangwon National University
- Chuncheon 200-701
- Republic of Korea
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Sapudom J, Rubner S, Martin S, Thoenes S, Anderegg U, Pompe T. The interplay of fibronectin functionalization and TGF-β1 presence on fibroblast proliferation, differentiation and migration in 3D matrices. Biomater Sci 2015; 3:1291-301. [DOI: 10.1039/c5bm00140d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
TGF-β1 dependent fibroblast behaviour in a wound healing context is mimicked by topologically and mechanically defined collagen matrices with fibronectin functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiranuwat Sapudom
- Institute of Biochemistry
- Faculty of Biosciences
- Pharmacy and Psychology
- Universität Leipzig
- Leipzig 04103
| | - Stefan Rubner
- Institute of Biochemistry
- Faculty of Biosciences
- Pharmacy and Psychology
- Universität Leipzig
- Leipzig 04103
| | - Steve Martin
- Institute of Biochemistry
- Faculty of Biosciences
- Pharmacy and Psychology
- Universität Leipzig
- Leipzig 04103
| | - Stephan Thoenes
- Department of Dermatology
- Venereology and Allergology
- Universitätsklinikum Leipzig
- Leipzig 04103
- Germany
| | - Ulf Anderegg
- Department of Dermatology
- Venereology and Allergology
- Universitätsklinikum Leipzig
- Leipzig 04103
- Germany
| | - Tilo Pompe
- Institute of Biochemistry
- Faculty of Biosciences
- Pharmacy and Psychology
- Universität Leipzig
- Leipzig 04103
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Expression of CD11b and CD18 on polymorphonuclear neutrophils stimulated with interleukin-2. Cent Eur J Immunol 2014; 39:209-15. [PMID: 26155126 PMCID: PMC4440019 DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2014.43725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is a lymphocyte-activating and growth-promoting factor, and has been widely studied on T-cells and NK-cells. However, the interaction of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) with IL-2 is poorly studied and thus, this study aimed at defining IL-2 participation in the expression of CD11b and CD18 on PMNs. Material and methods PMNs were isolated from heparinized whole blood of healthy donors. Purified cells were incubated with IL-2 (10 ng/ml) for 24 hours at 37°C in a humidified incubator with 5% CO2. After 24 hours’ incubation, surface molecules (CD11b and CD18) were measured by flow cytometry. Results Interestingly, the antibodies of IL-2Rβ chain (CD122-FITC) were found in all observed cells. The induction of CD11b mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) in highly purified PMNs stimulated with IL-2 was clearly increased recording 43% in comparison to the freshly isolated PMNs and the un-stimulated PMNs which were found to be 23% and 28% of CD11b, respectively. Furthermore, flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that the highly purified PMNs exposed to IL-2 showed an increase in CD18 MFI, recording 47% with respect to that of the freshly isolated PMNs and PMNs cultured with the medium alone which showed a small amount of 38% and 27%, respectively. Conclusions Results demonstrated that CD11b and CD18 had been acquired on the surface of the IL-2-in vitro-activated PMNs. These findings indicated that IL-2 may play a crucial role in PMNs migration.
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Lohcharoenkal W, Wang L, Stueckle TA, Park J, Tse W, Dinu CZ, Rojanasakul Y. Role of H-Ras/ERK signaling in carbon nanotube-induced neoplastic-like transformation of human mesothelial cells. Front Physiol 2014; 5:222. [PMID: 24971065 PMCID: PMC4054652 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid development and deployment of engineered nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in various commercial and biomedical applications have raised concerns about their potential adverse health effects, especially their long-term effects which have not been well addressed. We demonstrated here that prolonged exposure of human mesothelial cells to single-walled CNT (SWCNT) induced neoplastic-like transformation as indicated by anchorage-independent cell growth and increased cell invasiveness. Such transformation was associated with an up-regulation of H-Ras and activation of ERK1/2. Downregulation of H-Ras by siRNA or inactivation of ERK by chemical inhibitor effectively inhibited the aggressive phenotype of SWCNT-exposed cells. Integrin alpha V and cortactin, but not epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) transcriptional regulators, were up-regulated in the SWCNT-exposed cells, suggesting their role in the aggressive phenotype. Cortactin expression was shown to be controlled by the H-Ras/ERK signaling. Thus, our results indicate a novel role of H-Ras/ERK signaling and cortactin in the aggressive transformation of human mesothelial cells by SWCNT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Liying Wang
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Todd A Stueckle
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Jino Park
- Department of Medicine, Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, West Virginia University Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - William Tse
- Department of Medicine, Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, West Virginia University Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Cerasela-Zoica Dinu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, West Virginia University Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Yon Rojanasakul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University Morgantown, WV, USA ; Department of Medicine, Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, West Virginia University Morgantown, WV, USA
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Katagiri F, Hara T, Yamada Y, Urushibata S, Hozumi K, Kikkawa Y, Nomizu M. Biological activities of the homologous loop regions in the laminin α chain LG modules. Biochemistry 2014; 53:3699-708. [PMID: 24850085 DOI: 10.1021/bi5003822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Each laminin α chain (α1-α5 chains) has chain-specific diverse biological functions. The C-terminal globular domain of the α chain consists of five laminin-like globular (LG1-5) modules and plays a critical role in biological activities. The LG modules consist of a 14-stranded β-sheet (A-N) sandwich structure. Previously, we described the chain-specific biological activities of the loop regions between the E and F strands in the LG4 modules using five homologous peptides (G4EF1-G4EF5). Here, we further analyze the biological activities of the E-F strands loop regions in the rest of LG modules. We designed 20 homologous peptides (approximately 20 amino acid length), and 17 soluble peptides were used for the cell attachment assay. Thirteen peptides promoted cell attachment activity with different cell morphologies. Cell attachment to peptides G1EF1, G1EF2, G2EF1, G3EF4, and G5EF4 was inhibited by heparin, and peptides G1EF1, G1EF2, and G2EF1 specifically bound to syndecan-overexpressing cells. Cell attachment to peptides G2EF3, G3EF1, G3EF3, G5EF1, G5EF3, and G5EF5 was inhibited EDTA. Further, cell attachment to peptides G3EF3, G5EF1, and G5EF5 was inhibited by both anti-integrin α2 and β1 antibodies, whereas cell attachment to peptide G5EF3 was inhibited by only anti-integrin β1 antibody. Cell attachment to peptides G1EF4, G3EF4, and G5EF4 was inhibited by both heparin and EDTA and was not inhibited by anti-integrin antibodies. The active peptide sequence alignments suggest that the syndecan-binding peptides contain a "basic amino acid (BAA)-Gly-BAA" motif in the middle of the molecule and that the integrin-binding peptides contain an "acidic amino acid (AAA)"-Gly-BAA motif. Core-switched peptide analyses suggested that the "BAA-Gly-BAA" motif is critical for binding to syndecans and that the "AAA-Gly-BAA" motif has potential to recognize integrins. These findings are useful for understanding chain-specific biological activities of laminins and to evaluate receptor-specific binding mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumihiko Katagiri
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences , Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
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Katagiri F, Takagi M, Nakamura M, Tanaka Y, Hozumi K, Kikkawa Y, Nomizu M. Screening of integrin-binding peptides in a laminin peptide library derived from the mouse laminin β chain short arm regions. Arch Biochem Biophys 2014; 550-551:33-41. [PMID: 24785228 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2014.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/19/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Laminins, major components of basement membrane, consist of three different subunits, α, β, and γ chains, and so far, five α, three β, and three γ chains have been identified. We have constructed synthetic peptide libraries derived from the laminin sequences and identified various cell-adhesive peptides. Ten active peptides from the laminin α chain sequences (α1-α5) were found to promote integrin-mediated cell adhesion. Previously, we found fourteen cell-adhesive peptides from the β1 chain sequence but their receptors have not been analyzed. Here, we expanded the synthetic peptide library to add peptides from the short arm regions of the laminin β2 and β3 chains and screened for integrin-binding peptides. Twenty-seven peptides promoted human dermal fibroblast (HDF) attachment in a peptide-coated plate assay. The morphological appearance of HDFs on the peptide-coated plates differed depending on the peptides. B34 (REKYYYAVYDMV, mouse laminin β1 chain, 255-266), B67 (IPYSMEYEILIRY, mouse laminin β1 chain, 604-616), B2-105 (APNFWNFTSGRG, mouse laminin β2 chain, 1081-1092), and B3-19 (GHLTGGKVQLNL, mouse laminin β3 chain, 182-193) promoted HDF spreading and HDF attachment was inhibited by EDTA, suggesting that the peptides interact with integrins. Immunostaining analyses revealed that B67 induced well-organized actin stress fibers and focal contacts containing vinculin, however, B34, B2-105, and B3-19 did not exhibit stress fiber formation or focal contacts. The inhibition assay using anti-integrin antibodies indicated that B67 interacts with α3, α6, and β1 integrins, and B34 and B3-19 interact with β1 integrin. Based on adhesion analysis of peptides modified with an alanine scan and on switching analysis with the homologous inactive sequence B2-64 (LPRAMDYDLLLRW, mouse laminin β2 chain, 618-630), the Glu(8) residue in the B67 peptide was critical for HDF adhesion. These findings are useful for identifying an integrin binding motif. The B67 peptide has potential for use as a molecular probe for integrins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumihiko Katagiri
- Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Masaharu Takagi
- Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Minako Nakamura
- Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Tanaka
- Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Kentaro Hozumi
- Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Yamato Kikkawa
- Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Motoyoshi Nomizu
- Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan.
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Turner KG, Ahmed N, Santerre JP, Kandel RA. Modulation of annulus fibrosus cell alignment and function on oriented nanofibrous polyurethane scaffolds under tension. Spine J 2014; 14:424-34. [PMID: 24291406 DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2013.08.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2012] [Revised: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CONTEXT Annulus fibrosus (AF), a component of the intervertebral disc (IVD), is always under tension in vivo, a condition that must be taken into consideration when tissue engineering an IVD. Loss of the tensile forces has been implicated in the pathogenesis of disc degeneration characterized by mechanical and structural breakdown of the AF. PURPOSE In this study, we hypothesize that tensile forces modulate cellular and molecular behavior of AF cells grown on nanofibrous scaffolds in vitro. STUDY DESIGN/SETTING Bovine AF cells were seeded onto strained electrospun-aligned nanofibrous polycarbonate urethane (PU) scaffolds. Tension was either maintained throughout the culture duration (monotonic) or removed after 24 hours (relaxed). METHODS The effect of tension on AF cells cultured on PU scaffolds was evaluated over 7 days by scanning electron microscopy, biochemical assays, immunofluorescence microscopy, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Cells grown on the relaxed scaffold were significantly more proliferative, synthesized more collagen and had increased collagen type I and TGFβ-1 gene expression; however these cells were not as aligned as were the cells and matrix on monotonic strained scaffolds. The alignment of AF cells grown on monotonic scaffolds correlated with significantly greater scaffold elastic modulus on day 7. Additionally, the cellular response to the change in strain was delayed by 3 to 5 days after tension release, which correlated with the time at which changes in scaffold length were detected. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that AF cells respond at the molecular and cellular level to the changes in matrix/scaffold tension. This suggests that it may be necessary to determine the optimal elastic modulus and applied tensile forces to tissue engineer an AF that mimics the native tissue. Furthermore, this study provides insight into how changes in tensile forces may lead to changes in the AF cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen G Turner
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College St., Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3G9; CIHR-BioEngineering of Skeletal Tissues Team, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Ave., Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X5
| | - Nazish Ahmed
- CIHR-BioEngineering of Skeletal Tissues Team, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Ave., Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X5
| | - J Paul Santerre
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College St., Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3G9; Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, 124 Edward St., Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1G6
| | - Rita A Kandel
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College St., Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3G9; CIHR-BioEngineering of Skeletal Tissues Team, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Ave., Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X5.
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Lee N, Barthel SR, Schatton T. Melanoma stem cells and metastasis: mimicking hematopoietic cell trafficking? J Transl Med 2014; 94:13-30. [PMID: 24126889 PMCID: PMC3941309 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2013.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Revised: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is a highly metastatic cancer that bears responsibility for the majority of skin cancer-related deaths. Amidst the research efforts to better understand melanoma progression, there has been increasing evidence that hints at a role for a subpopulation of virulent cancer cells, termed malignant melanoma stem or initiating cells (MMICs), in metastasis formation. MMICs are characterized by their preferential ability to initiate and propagate tumor growth and their selective capacity for self-renewal and differentiation into less tumorigenic melanoma cells. The frequency of MMICs has been shown to correlate with poor clinical prognosis in melanoma. In addition, MMICs are enriched among circulating tumor cells in the peripheral blood of cancer patients, suggesting that MMICs may be a critical factor in the metastatic cascade. Although these links exist between MMICs and metastatic disease, the mechanisms by which MMICs may advance metastatic progression are only beginning to be elucidated. Recent studies have shown that MMICs express molecules critical for hematopoietic cell maintenance and trafficking, providing a possible explanation for how circulating MMICs could drive melanoma dissemination. We therefore propose that MMICs might fuel melanoma metastasis by exploiting homing mechanisms commonly utilized by hematopoietic cells. Here we review the biological properties of MMICs and the existing literature on their metastatic potential. We will discuss possible mechanisms by which MMICs might initiate metastases in the context of established knowledge of cancer stem cells in other cancers and of hematopoietic homing molecules, with a particular focus on selectins, integrins, chemokines and chemokine receptors known to be expressed by melanoma cells. Biological understanding of how these molecules might be utilized by MMICs to propel the metastatic cascade could critically impact the development of more effective therapies for advanced disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayoung Lee
- Harvard Skin Disease Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Steven R. Barthel
- Harvard Skin Disease Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tobias Schatton
- Harvard Skin Disease Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Transplantation Research Center, Children’s Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,To whom correspondence should be addressed: Tobias Schatton, Pharm.D., Ph.D., Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Rm. 673B, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
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