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Jiang L, Zheng H, Ishida M, Lyu Q, Akatsuka S, Motooka Y, Sato K, Sekido Y, Nakamura K, Tanaka H, Ishikawa K, Kajiyama H, Mizuno M, Hori M, Toyokuni S. Elaborate cooperation of poly(rC)-binding proteins 1/2 and glutathione in ferroptosis induced by plasma-activated Ringer's lactate. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 214:28-41. [PMID: 38325565 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Reactive species are involved in various aspects of neoplastic diseases, including carcinogenesis, cancer-specific metabolism and therapeutics. Non-thermal plasma (NTP) can directly provide reactive species, by integrating atmospheric and interjacent molecules as substrates, to represent a handy strategy to load oxidative stress in situ. NTP causes apoptosis and/or ferroptosis specifically in cancer cells of various types. Plasma-activated Ringer's lactate (PAL) is another modality at the preclinical stage as cancer therapeutics, based on more stable reactive species. PAL specifically kills malignant mesothelioma (MM) cells, employing lysosomal ·NO as a switch from autophagy to ferroptosis. However, the entire molecular mechanisms have not been elucidated yet. Here we studied cytosolic iron regulations in MM and other cancer cells in response to PAL exposure. We discovered that cells with higher catalytic Fe(II) are more susceptible to PAL-induced ferroptosis. PAL caused a cytosolic catalytic Fe(II)-associated pathology through iron chaperones, poly (rC)-binding proteins (PCBP)1/2, inducing a disturbance in glutathione-regulated iron homeostasis. PCBP1/NCOA4-mediated ferritinophagy started at a later phase, further increasing cytosolic catalytic Fe(II), ending in ferroptosis. In contrast, PCBP2 after PAL exposure contributed to iron loading to mitochondria, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction. Therapeutic effect of PAL was successfully applied to an orthotopic MM xenograft model in mice. In conclusion, PAL can selectively sensitize MM cells to ferroptosis by remodeling cytoplasmic iron homeostasis, where glutathione and PCBPs play distinct roles, resulting in lethal ferritinophagy and mitochondrial dysfunction. Our findings indicate the clinical application of PAL as a ferroptosis-inducer and the potential of PCBPs as novel targets in cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Jiang
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Hao Zheng
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Moe Ishida
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Qinying Lyu
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Shinya Akatsuka
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yashiro Motooka
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Kotaro Sato
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Sekido
- Division of Cancer Biology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, 1-1 Kanokoden, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8681, Japan
| | - Kae Nakamura
- Center for Low-temperature Plasma Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Tanaka
- Center for Low-temperature Plasma Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan; Center for Advanced Medicine and Clinical Research, Nagoya University Hospital, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Kenji Ishikawa
- Center for Low-temperature Plasma Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kajiyama
- Center for Low-temperature Plasma Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Masaaki Mizuno
- Center for Advanced Medicine and Clinical Research, Nagoya University Hospital, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Masaru Hori
- Center for Low-temperature Plasma Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Shinya Toyokuni
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan; Center for Low-temperature Plasma Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan; Center for Integrated Sciences of Low-temperature Plasma Core Research (iPlasma Core), Tokai National Higher Education and Research System, Furo-Cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan.
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Grignani P, Visonà SD, Fronda MV, Borrelli P, Monti MC, Bertoglio B, Conti A, Fattorini P, Previderè C. The role of single nucleotide polymorphisms related to iron homeostasis in mesothelioma susceptibility after asbestos exposure: a genetic study on autoptic samples. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1236558. [PMID: 37942251 PMCID: PMC10628177 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1236558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Asbestos-related diseases still represent a major public health problem all over the world. Among them, malignant mesothelioma (MM) is a poor-prognosis cancer, arising from the serosal lining of the pleura, pericardium and peritoneum, triggered by asbestos exposure. Literature data suggest the key role of iron metabolism in the coating process leading to the formation of asbestos bodies, considered to be both protective and harmful. Two sample sets of individuals were taken into consideration, both residing in Broni or neighboring cities (Northwestern Italy) where an asbestos cement factory was active between 1932 and 1993. The present study aims to compare the frequency of six SNPs involved in iron trafficking, previously found to be related to protection/predisposition to MM after asbestos exposure, between 48 male subjects with documented asbestos exposure who died of MM and 48 male subjects who were exposed to asbestos but did not develop MM or other neoplastic respiratory diseases (Non-Mesothelioma Asbestos Exposed - NMAE). The same analysis was performed on 76 healthy male controls. The allelic and genotypic frequencies of a sub-group of 107 healthy Italian individuals contained in the 1000 genomes database were considered for comparison. PCR-multiplex amplification followed by SNaPshot mini-sequencing reaction was used. The findings presented in this study show that the allelic and genotypic frequencies for six SNP markers involved in iron metabolism/homeostasis and the modulation of tumor microenvironment are not significantly different between the two sample sets of MM and NMAE. Therefore, the SNPs here considered do not seem to be useful markers for individual susceptibility to mesothelioma. This finding is not in agreement with previous literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierangela Grignani
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Silvia Damiana Visonà
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Maria Vittoria Fronda
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Paola Borrelli
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Laboratory of Biostatistics, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, G. d’Annunzio, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Monti
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Barbara Bertoglio
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Adelaide Conti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialities, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, Forensic Medicine Unit, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Paolo Fattorini
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health, University of Trieste, Ospedale di Cattinara, Trieste, Italy
| | - Carlo Previderè
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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Toyokuni S, Kong Y, Katabuchi M, Maeda Y, Motooka Y, Ito F, Yanatori I. Iron links endogenous and exogenous nanoparticles. Arch Biochem Biophys 2023; 745:109718. [PMID: 37579931 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2023.109718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Current progress in biology and medical science is based on the observation at the level of nanometers via electron microscopy and computation. Of note, the size of most cells in higher species exists in a limited range from 5 to 50 μm. Recently, it was demonstrated that endogenous extracellular nanoparticles play a role in communication among various cellular types in a variety of contexts. Among them, exosomes in serum have been established as biomarkers for human diseases by analyzing the cargo molecules. No life on the earth can survive without iron. However, excess iron can be a risk for carcinogenesis in rodents and humans. Nano-sized molecules may cause unexpected bioeffects, including carcinogenesis, which is a process to establish cellular iron addiction with ferroptosis-resistance. Asbestos and carbon nanotubes are the typical examples, leading to carcinogenesis by the alteration of iron metabolism. Recently, we found that CD63, one of the representative markers of exosomes, is under the regulation of iron-responsive element/iron-regulatory protein system. This is a safe strategy to share excess iron in the form of holo-ferritin between iron-sufficient and -deficient cells. On the other hand, damaged cells may secrete holo-ferritin-loaded exosomes as in the case of macrophages in ferroptosis after asbestos exposure. These holo-ferritin-loaded exosomes can cause mutagenic DNA damage in the recipient mesothelial cells. Thus, there is an iron link between exogenous and endogenous nanoparticles, which requires further investigation for better understanding and the future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Toyokuni
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan; Center for Low-temperature Plasma Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan.
| | - Yingyi Kong
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Misako Katabuchi
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yuki Maeda
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yashiro Motooka
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Fumiya Ito
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Izumi Yanatori
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan; Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
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4
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Ito F, Kato K, Yanatori I, Maeda Y, Murohara T, Toyokuni S. Matrigel-based organoid culture of malignant mesothelioma reproduces cisplatin sensitivity through CTR1. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:487. [PMID: 37254056 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-10966-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Organoids are a three-dimensional (3D) culture system that simulate actual organs. Therefore, tumor organoids are expected to predict precise response to chemotherapy in patients. However, to date, few studies have studied the drug responses in organoids of malignant mesothelioma (MM). The poor prognosis of MM emphasizes the importance of establishing a protocol for generating MM-organoid for research and clinical use. Here, we established murine MM organoids from p53+/- or wild-type C57BL/6 strain by intraperitoneal injection either with crocidolite or carbon nanotube. Established MM-organoids proliferated in Matrigel as spheroids. Subcutaneous injection assays revealed that the MM-organoids mimicked actual tissue architecture and maintained the original histological features of the primary MM. RNA sequencing and pathway analyses revealed that the significant expressional differences between the 2D- and 3D-culture systems were observed in receptor tyrosine kinases, including IGF1R and EGFR, glycosylation and cholesterol/steroid metabolism. MM-organoids exhibited a more sensitive response to cisplatin through stable plasma membrane localization of a major cisplatin transporter, copper transporter 1/Slc31A1 (Ctr1) in comparison to 2D-cultures, presumably through glycosylation and lipidation. The Matrigel culture system facilitated the localization of CTR1 on the plasma membrane, which simulated the original MMs and the subcutaneous xenografts. These results suggest that the newly developed protocol for MM-organoids is useful to study strategies to overcome chemotherapy resistance to cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiya Ito
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-Cho, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Kato
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-Cho, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Izumi Yanatori
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yuki Maeda
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-Cho, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Toyoaki Murohara
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-Cho, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Shinya Toyokuni
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-Cho, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan.
- Center for Low-Temperature Plasma Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-Cho, Chikusa-Ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan.
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Toyokuni S, Zheng H, Kong Y, Sato K, Nakamura K, Tanaka H, Okazaki Y. Low-temperature plasma as magic wand to differentiate between the good and the evil. Free Radic Res 2023; 57:38-46. [PMID: 36919449 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2023.2190860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Plasma is the fourth physical state of matter, characterized by an ionized gaseous mixture, after solid, liquid, and gas phases, and contains a wide array of components such as ions, electrons, radicals, and ultraviolet ray. Whereas the sun and thunder are typical natural plasma, recent progress in the electronics enabled the generation of body-temperature plasma, designated as low-temperature plasma (LTP) or non-thermal plasma since the 1990s. LTP has attracted the attention of researchers for possible biological and medical applications. All the living species on earth utilize water as essential media for solvents and molecular transport. Thus, biological application of LTP naturally intervenes water whether LTP is exposed directly or indirectly, where plasma-activated lactate (PAL) is a standard, containing H2O2, NO2- and other identified molecules. Electron spin resonance and immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that LTP exposure is a handy method to load local oxidative stress. Cancer cells are characterized by persistent self-replication and high cytosolic catalytic Fe(II). Therefore, both direct exposure of LTP and PAL can provide higher damage to cancer cells in comparison to non-tumorous cells, which has been demonstrated in a variety of cancer types. The cell death mode is either apoptosis or ferroptosis, depending on the cancer-type. Thus, LTP and PAL are expected to work as an additional cancer therapy to the established guideline protocols, especially for use in somatic cavities or surgical margins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Toyokuni
- Department of Pathology and Biological Response, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Center for Low-temperature Plasma Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hao Zheng
- Department of Pathology and Biological Response, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yingyi Kong
- Department of Pathology and Biological Response, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kotaro Sato
- Department of Pathology and Biological Response, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kae Nakamura
- Center for Low-temperature Plasma Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Tanaka
- Center for Low-temperature Plasma Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Okazaki
- Department of Pathology and Biological Response, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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Toyokuni S, Kong Y, Motooka Y, Akatsuka S. Environmental impact on carcinogenesis under BRCA1 haploinsufficiency. Genes Environ 2023; 45:2. [PMID: 36639692 PMCID: PMC9837898 DOI: 10.1186/s41021-023-00258-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the primary cause of human mortality in Japan since 1981. Although numerous novel therapies have been developed and applied in clinics, the number of deaths from cancer is still increasing worldwide. It is time to consider the strategy of cancer prevention more seriously. Here we propose a hypothesis that cancer can be side effects of long time-use of iron and oxygen and that carcinogenesis is an evolution-like cellular events to obtain "iron addiction with ferroptosis-resistance" where genes and environment interact each other. Among the recognized genetic risk factors for carcinogenesis, we here focus on BRCA1 tumor suppressor gene and how environmental factors, including daily life exposure and diets, may impact toward carcinogenesis under BRCA1 haploinsufficiency. Although mice models of BRCA1 mutants have not been successful for decades in generating phenotype mimicking the human counterparts, a rat model of BRCA1 mutant was recently established that reasonably mimics the human phenotype. Two distinct categories of oxidative stress, one by radiation and one by iron-catalyzed Fenton reaction, promoted carcinogenesis in Brca1 rat mutants. Furthermore, mitochondrial damage followed by alteration of iron metabolism finally resulted in ferroptosis-resistance of target cells in carcinogenesis. These suggest a possibility that cancer prevention by active pharmacological intervention may be possible for BRCA1 mutants to increase the quality of their life rather than preventive mastectomy and/or oophorectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Toyokuni
- grid.27476.300000 0001 0943 978XDepartment of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-Cho, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, 466-8550 Japan ,grid.27476.300000 0001 0943 978XCenter for Low-Temperature Plasma Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-Cho, Chikusa-Ku, Nagoya, 464-8603 Japan
| | - Yingyi Kong
- grid.27476.300000 0001 0943 978XDepartment of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-Cho, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, 466-8550 Japan
| | - Yashiro Motooka
- grid.27476.300000 0001 0943 978XDepartment of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-Cho, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, 466-8550 Japan
| | - Shinya Akatsuka
- grid.27476.300000 0001 0943 978XDepartment of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-Cho, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, 466-8550 Japan
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The silent malignant mesothelioma epidemic: a call to action. Lancet Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(22)00269-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Yamanaka S, Kawahara N, Kawaguchi R, Waki K, Maehana T, Fukui Y, Miyake R, Yamada Y, Kobayashi H, Kimura F. The Comparison of Three Predictive Indexes to Discriminate Malignant Ovarian Tumors from Benign Ovarian Endometrioma: The Characteristics and Efficacy. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12051212. [PMID: 35626367 PMCID: PMC9140823 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12051212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the prediction efficacy of malignant transformation of ovarian endometrioma (OE) using the Copenhagen Index (CPH-I), the risk of ovarian malignancy algorithm (ROMA), and the R2 predictive index. This retrospective study was conducted at the Department of Gynecology, Nara Medical University Hospital, from January 2008 to July 2021. A total of 171 patients were included in the study. In the current study, cases were divided into three cohorts: pre-menopausal, post-menopausal, and a combined cohort. Patients with benign ovarian tumor mainly received laparoscopic surgery, and patients with suspected malignant tumors underwent laparotomy. Information from a review chart of the patients’ medical records was collected. In the combined cohort, a multivariate analysis confirmed that the ROMA index, the R2 predictive index, and tumor laterality were extracted as independent factors for predicting malignant tumors (hazard ratio (HR): 222.14, 95% confidence interval (CI): 22.27−2215.50, p < 0.001; HR: 9.80, 95% CI: 2.90−33.13, p < 0.001; HR: 0.15, 95% CI: 0.03−0.75, p = 0.021, respectively). In the pre-menopausal cohort, a multivariate analysis confirmed that the CPH index and the R2 predictive index were extracted as independent factors for predicting malignant tumors (HR: 6.45, 95% CI: 1.47−28.22, p = 0.013; HR: 31.19, 95% CI: 8.48−114.74, p < 0.001, respectively). Moreover, the R2 predictive index was only extracted as an independent factor for predicting borderline tumors (HR: 45.00, 95% CI: 7.43−272.52, p < 0.001) in the combined cohort. In pre-menopausal cases or borderline cases, the R2 predictive index is useful; while, in post-menopausal cases, the ROMA index is better than the other indexes.
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Yue L, Luo Y, Jiang L, Sekido Y, Toyokuni S. PCBP2 knockdown promotes ferroptosis in malignant mesothelioma. Pathol Int 2022; 72:242-251. [PMID: 35089637 DOI: 10.1111/pin.13209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is still increasing worldwide. The pathogenesis depends on asbestos-induced iron accumulation, which eventually leads to ferroptosis-resistance of mesothelial cells via somatic mutations. Poly (rC)-binding proteins 1 and 2 (PCBP1/2) are recently recognized cytosolic Fe(II) chaperones. Here we studied the role of PCBP1/2 in rat/human mesothelial and MM cells as well as rat/human MM specimens. Normal peritoneal mesothelial cells in rats exhibited PCBP1 but not PCBP2 immunopositivity whereas primary/immortalized mesothelial cells showed PCBP1/2 immunopositivity. Rat MM specimens induced by intraperitoneal injection of chrysotile, including in situ lesion, revealed PCBP1/2 immunopositivity (90% for both) in the nucleus and cytoplasm with a tendency of higher expression in epithelioid subtype. Knockdown of PCBP2 but not PCBP1 significantly decreased both TfR1 and FTH expression in MM cells with inhibition of proliferation, indicating stagnation of intracellular iron transport. Erastin, a cysteine-deprivation type ferroptosis inducer, decreased the expression of both PCBP1/2 in MM cells. Furthermore, PCBP2 knockdown significantly increased the sensitivity of MM cells to erastin-induced ferroptosis with increased catalytic Fe(II). In conclusion, PCBP2 works for ferroptosis-resistance not only during mesothelial carcinogenesis but also in MM, which warrants further investigation as a novel therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yue
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yaguang Luo
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Li Jiang
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Sekido
- Division of Cancer Biology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, 1-1 Kanokoden, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shinya Toyokuni
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Center for Low-temperature Plasma Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
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Toyokuni S, Kong Y, Zheng H, Maeda Y, Motooka Y, Akatsuka S. Iron as spirit of life to share under monopoly. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2022; 71:78-88. [PMID: 36213789 PMCID: PMC9519419 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.22-43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Any independent life requires iron to survive. Whereas iron deficiency causes oxygen insufficiency, excess iron is a risk for cancer, generating a double-edged sword. Iron metabolism is strictly regulated via specific systems, including iron-responsive element (IRE)/iron regulatory proteins (IRPs) and the corresponding ubiquitin ligase FBXL5. Here we briefly reflect the history of bioiron research and describe major recent advancements. Ferroptosis, a newly coined Fe(II)-dependent regulated necrosis, is providing huge impact on science. Carcinogenesis is a process to acquire ferroptosis-resistance and ferroptosis is preferred in cancer therapy due to immunogenicity. Poly(rC)-binding proteins 1/2 (PCBP1/2) were identified as major cytosolic Fe(II) chaperone proteins. The mechanism how cells retrieve stored iron in ferritin cores was unraveled as ferritinophagy, a form of autophagy. Of note, ferroptosis may exploit ferritinophagy during the progression. Recently, we discovered that cellular ferritin secretion is through extracellular vesicles (EVs) escorted by CD63 under the regulation of IRE/IRP system. Furthermore, this process was abused in asbestos-induced mesothelial carcinogenesis. In summary, cellular iron metabolism is tightly regulated by multi-system organizations as surplus iron is shared through ferritin in EVs among neighbor and distant cells in need. However, various noxious stimuli dramatically promote cellular iron uptake/storage, which may result in ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Toyokuni
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Yingyi Kong
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Hao Zheng
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Yuki Maeda
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Yashiro Motooka
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Shinya Akatsuka
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
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Toyokuni S, Kong Y, Zheng H, Mi D, Katabuchi M, Motooka Y, Ito F. Double-edged Sword Role of Iron-loaded Ferritin in Extracellular Vesicles. J Cancer Prev 2021; 26:244-249. [PMID: 35047450 PMCID: PMC8749322 DOI: 10.15430/jcp.2021.26.4.244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Human epidemiological and animal studies have demonstrated that excess iron is a risk for cancer. The responsible mechanisms are: 1) increased intracellular iron catalyzes the Fenton reaction to generate hydroxyl radicals, leading to mutagenic oxidative DNA lesions; 2) iron is necessary for cellular proliferation as cofactors of many enzymes. Thus, iron-excess milieu promotes selecting cellular evolution to ferroptosis-resistance, a major basis for carcinogenesis. Ferritin is a 24-subunit nanocage protein required for iron storage under the regulation of the iron-regulatory protein (IRP)/iron-responsive element (IRE) system. Ferritin is a serum marker, representing total body iron storage. However, how ferritin is secreted extracellularly has been unelucidated. We recently discovered that an exosomal marker CD63 is regulated by the IRP/IRE system and that iron-loaded ferritin is secreted as extracellular vesicles under the guidance of nuclear receptor coactivator 4 (NCOA4). On the other hand, we found that macrophages under asbestos-induced ferroptosis emit ferroptosis-dependent extracellular vesicles (FedEVs), which are received by nearby mesothelial cells, resulting in significant mutagenic DNA damage. Therefore, cells, including macrophages, can share excess iron with other cells, via iron-loaded ferritin packaged in extracellular vesicles as safe non-catalytic iron. However, similar process, such as one involving FedEVs, may cause accumulation of excess iron in other specific cells, which may eventually promote carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Toyokuni
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Center for Low-temperature Plasma Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yingyi Kong
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hao Zheng
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Danyang Mi
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Misako Katabuchi
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yashiro Motooka
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Fumiya Ito
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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12
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Okazaki Y. Asbestos‐induced mesothelial injury and carcinogenesis: Involvement of iron and reactive oxygen species. Pathol Int 2021; 72:83-95. [DOI: 10.1111/pin.13196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasumasa Okazaki
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Showa‐Ku Nagoya Japan
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13
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Visonà SD, Capella S, Bodini S, Borrelli P, Villani S, Crespi E, Colosio C, Previderè C, Belluso E. Evaluation of Deposition and Clearance of Asbestos (Detected by SEM-EDS) in Lungs of Deceased Subjects Environmentally and/or Occupationally Exposed in Broni (Pavia, Northern Italy). Front Public Health 2021; 9:678040. [PMID: 34354974 PMCID: PMC8329042 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.678040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Biodurability is one of the main determinants of asbestos hazardousness for human health. Very little is known about the actual persistence of asbestos in lungs and its clearance, nor about differences in this regard between the different mineralogical types of asbestos. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the amount, the dimensional characteristics and the mineralogic kinds of asbestos in lungs (measured using SEM-EDS) of a series of 72 deceased subjects who were certainly exposed to asbestos (mainly crocidolite and chrysotile) during their life. Moreover, we investigated possible correlations between the lung burden of asbestos (in general and considering each asbestos type), as well as their dimension (length, width, and l/w ratio) and the duration of exposure, the latency- in case of malignant mesothelioma (MM), the survival and the time since the end of exposure. In 62.5% of subjects, asbestos burden in lungs was lower that the threshold considered demonstrative for occupational exposure. In 29.1% of cases no asbestos was found. Chrysotile was practically not detected. The mean length of asbestos fibers and the length to width ratio were significantly related to the duration of exposure to asbestos. No other statistically significant correlations were found between the amount and dimensional characteristics of asbestos (nor with the relative amount of each asbestos type) and the other chronological variables considered. In conclusion, it was pointed out that chrysotile can be completely removed from human lungs in <8 years and, instead, amphiboles persist much more time. The present results suggest, as well, that the finding of no asbestos in lungs cannot rule out the attribution of MM to asbestos (in particular, chrysotile) inhaled in an occupational setting. This point is of crucial importance from a legal point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia D. Visonà
- Unit of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Silvana Capella
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
- Interdepartmental Center for Studies on Asbestos and other Toxic Particulates “G. Scansetti”, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Sofia Bodini
- Unit of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Paola Borrelli
- Unit of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, Pavia University, Pavia, Italy
- Laboratory of Biostatistics, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University “G. d'Annunzio”, Chieti, Italy
| | - Simona Villani
- Unit of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, Pavia University, Pavia, Italy
| | - Eleonora Crespi
- Occupational Health Unit, Santi Paolo e Carlo Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudio Colosio
- Occupational Health Unit, Santi Paolo e Carlo Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Previderè
- Unit of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Elena Belluso
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
- Interdepartmental Center for Studies on Asbestos and other Toxic Particulates “G. Scansetti”, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
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14
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Sepand MR, Maghsoudi AS, Shadboorestan A, Mirnia K, Aghsami M, Raoufi M. Cigarette smoke-induced toxicity consequences of intracellular iron dysregulation and ferroptosis. Life Sci 2021; 281:119799. [PMID: 34229007 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Despite numerous studies on the mechanisms of cigarette smoking toxicity over the past three decades, some aspects remain obscure. Recent developments have drawn attention to some hopeful indicators that allow us to advance our awareness of cigarette-induced cell death. Ferroptosis is considered a type of governed death of cells distinguished by the iron-dependent lipid hydroperoxide deposition to fatal concentrations. Ferroptosis has been linked with pathological settings such as neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, heart attack, hemorrhagic stroke, traumatic brain injury, ischemia-reperfusion injury, and renal dysfunction. This review tries to explain the causal role of ferroptosis cascade in cigarette smoke-mediated toxicity and cell death, highlighting associations on potential action mechanisms and proposing suggestions for its detoxifying and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Sepand
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 13169-43551, Iran
| | - Armin Salek Maghsoudi
- Toxicology and Diseases Group (TDG), Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Shadboorestan
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kayvan Mirnia
- Department of Neonatology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Aghsami
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Raoufi
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 13169-43551, Iran; Physical Chemistry I and Research Center of Micro and Nanochemistry (Cμ), University of Siegen, Siegen, Germany.
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15
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Hojo M, Yamamoto Y, Sakamoto Y, Maeno A, Ohnuki A, Suzuki J, Inomata A, Moriyasu T, Taquahashi Y, Kanno J, Hirose A, Nakae D. Histological sequence of the development of rat mesothelioma by MWCNT, with the involvement of apolipoproteins. Cancer Sci 2021; 112:2185-2198. [PMID: 33665882 PMCID: PMC8177772 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A rat model of mesothelioma development by peritoneal injection of multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) has been established and found to be useful to understand the mechanisms underlying fibrous particles‐associated carcinogenesis. Its detailed histological sequence, however, remains largely obscure. We therefore aimed to assess the time‐course of mesothelioma development by MWCNT and evaluate a set of lipoprotein‐related molecules as potential mechanism‐based biomarkers for the phenomenon. Male Fischer 344 rats were injected intraperitoneally (ip) with MWCNT (MWNT‐7) at 1 mg/kg body weight, and necropsied at 8, 16, 24, 32, or 42 wk after injection. For biochemical analyses of the lipoprotein‐related molecules, more samples, including severe mesothelioma cases, were obtained from 2 other carcinogenicity tests. Histologically, in association with chronic inflammation, mesothelial proliferative lesions appeared at c. Wk‐24. Before and at the beginning of the tumor development, a prominent infiltration of CD163‐positive cells was seen near mesothelial cells. The histological pattern of early mesothelioma was not a papillary structure, but was a characteristic structure with a spherical appearance, composed of the mesothelioma cells in the surface area that were underlain by connective tissue‐like cells. Along with the progression, mesotheliomas started to show versatile histological subtypes. Serum levels of apolipoprotein A‐I and A‐IV, and a ratio of HDL cholesterol to total cholesterol were inversely correlated with mesothelioma severity. Overall, the detailed histological sequence of mesotheliomagenesis by MWCNT is demonstrated, and indicated that the altered profile of apolipoproteins may be involved in its underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoki Hojo
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukio Yamamoto
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshimitsu Sakamoto
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ai Maeno
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aya Ohnuki
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jin Suzuki
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akiko Inomata
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takako Moriyasu
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuhji Taquahashi
- Center for Biological Safety and Research, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Jun Kanno
- Center for Biological Safety and Research, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Akihiko Hirose
- Center for Biological Safety and Research, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Dai Nakae
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Safety, Faculty of Applied Biosciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
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16
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Jiang L, Zheng H, Lyu Q, Hayashi S, Sato K, Sekido Y, Nakamura K, Tanaka H, Ishikawa K, Kajiyama H, Mizuno M, Hori M, Toyokuni S. Lysosomal nitric oxide determines transition from autophagy to ferroptosis after exposure to plasma-activated Ringer's lactate. Redox Biol 2021; 43:101989. [PMID: 33940548 PMCID: PMC8105670 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.101989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-thermal plasma (NTP), an engineered technology to generate reactive species, induces ferroptosis and/or apoptosis specifically in various-type cancer cells. NTP-activated Ringer's lactate (PAL) is another modality for cancer therapy at preclinical stage. Here we found that PAL induces selective ferroptosis of malignant mesothelioma (MM) cells, where non-targeted metabolome screening identified upregulated citrulline-nitric oxide (.NO) cycle as a PAL target. .NO probe detected biphasic peaks transiently at PAL exposure with time-dependent increase, which was responsible for inducible . NO synthase (iNOS) overexpression through NF-κB activation. .NO and lipid peroxidation occupied lysosomes as a major compartment with increased TFEB expression. Not only ferrostatin-1 but inhibitors for . NO and/or iNOS could suppress this ferroptosis. PAL-induced ferroptosis accompanied autophagic process in the early phase, as demonstrated by an increase in essential amino acids, LC3B-II, p62 and LAMP1, transforming into the later phase with boosted lipid peroxidation. Therefore, .NO-mediated lysosomal impairment is central in PAL-induced ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Jiang
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Hao Zheng
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Qinying Lyu
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Shotaro Hayashi
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Kotaro Sato
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Sekido
- Division of Cancer Biology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, 1-1 Kanokoden, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8681, Japan
| | - Kae Nakamura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan; Center for Low Temperature Plasma Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Tanaka
- Center for Low Temperature Plasma Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan; Center for Advanced Medicine and Clinical Research, Nagoya University Hospital, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Kenji Ishikawa
- Center for Low Temperature Plasma Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kajiyama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan; Center for Low Temperature Plasma Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Masaaki Mizuno
- Center for Advanced Medicine and Clinical Research, Nagoya University Hospital, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Masaru Hori
- Center for Low Temperature Plasma Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Shinya Toyokuni
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan; Center for Low Temperature Plasma Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan; Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
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17
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Biomarkers for Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma-A Novel View on Inflammation. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040658. [PMID: 33562138 PMCID: PMC7916017 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an aggressive disease with limited treatment response and devastating prognosis. Exposure to asbestos and chronic inflammation are acknowledged as main risk factors. Since immune therapy evolved as a promising novel treatment modality, we want to reevaluate and summarize the role of the inflammatory system in MPM. This review focuses on local tumor associated inflammation on the one hand and systemic inflammatory markers, and their impact on MPM outcome, on the other hand. Identification of new biomarkers helps to select optimal patient tailored therapy, avoid ineffective treatment with its related side effects and consequently improves patient's outcome in this rare disease. Additionally, a better understanding of the tumor promoting and tumor suppressing inflammatory processes, influencing MPM pathogenesis and progression, might also reveal possible new targets for MPM treatment. After reviewing the currently available literature and according to our own research, it is concluded that the suppression of the specific immune system and the activation of its innate counterpart are crucial drivers of MPM aggressiveness translating to poor patient outcome.
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18
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Hiraku Y, Watanabe J, Kaneko A, Ichinose T, Murata M. MicroRNA expression in lung tissues of asbestos-exposed mice: Upregulation of miR-21 and downregulation of tumor suppressor genes Pdcd4 and Reck. J Occup Health 2021; 63:e12282. [PMID: 34679210 PMCID: PMC8535435 DOI: 10.1002/1348-9585.12282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Asbestos causes lung cancer and malignant mesothelioma in humans, but the precise mechanism has not been well understood. MicroRNA (miRNA) is a short non-coding RNA that suppresses gene expression and participates in human diseases including cancer. In this study, we examined the expression levels of miRNA and potential target genes in lung tissues of asbestos-exposed mice by microarray analysis. METHODS We intratracheally administered asbestos (chrysotile and crocidolite, 0.05 or 0.2 mg/instillation) to 6-week-old ICR male mice four times weekly. We extracted total RNA from lung tissues and performed microarray analysis for miRNA and gene expression. We also carried out real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry to confirm the results of microarray analysis. RESULTS Microarray analysis revealed that the expression levels of 14 miRNAs were significantly changed by chrysotile and/or crocidolite (>2-fold, P < .05). Especially, miR-21, an oncogenic miRNA, was significantly upregulated by both chrysotile and crocidolite. In database analysis, miR-21 was predicted to target tumor suppressor genes programmed cell death 4 (Pdcd4) and reversion-inducing-cysteine-rich protein with kazal motifs (Reck). Although real-time PCR showed that Pdcd4 was not significantly downregulated by asbestos exposure, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry revealed that PDCD4 expression was reduced especially by chrysotile. Reck was significantly downregulated by chrysotile in real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study demonstrating that miR-21 was upregulated and corresponding tumor suppressor genes were downregulated in lung tissues of asbestos-exposed animals. These molecular events are considered to be an early response to asbestos exposure and may contribute to pulmonary toxicity and carcinogenesis.
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Grants
- 23659328 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan
- 24390153 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan
- 15H04784 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan
- 18H03038 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Hiraku
- Department of Environmental HealthUniversity of Fukui School of Medical SciencesEiheijiFukuiJapan
- Department of Environmental and Molecular MedicineMie University Graduate School of MedicineTsuMieJapan
| | - Jun Watanabe
- Department of Environmental and Molecular MedicineMie University Graduate School of MedicineTsuMieJapan
| | - Akira Kaneko
- Department of Environmental and Molecular MedicineMie University Graduate School of MedicineTsuMieJapan
| | - Takamichi Ichinose
- Department of Health SciencesOita University of Nursing and Health SciencesOitaJapan
| | - Mariko Murata
- Department of Environmental and Molecular MedicineMie University Graduate School of MedicineTsuMieJapan
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19
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Carcinogenesis as Side Effects of Iron and Oxygen Utilization: From the Unveiled Truth toward Ultimate Bioengineering. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113320. [PMID: 33182727 PMCID: PMC7698037 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cancer is a major cause of human mortality worldwide. No life on earth can live without iron. Persistent oxidative stress resulting from continuous use of iron and oxygen may be a fundamental cause of carcinogenesis. Many animal models demonstrated that excess iron may lead to carcinogenesis. This is supported by a variety of human epidemiological data on cancer risk and prognosis. Cancer is basically a disease of the genome with persistently activated oncogenes and inactivated tumor suppressor genes through which iron addiction with ferroptosis-resistance is established. We predict that fine use of nanomaterials and non-thermal plasma may be able to reverse this situation. Abstract Evolution from the first life on earth to humans took ~3.8 billion years. During the time there have been countless struggles among the species. Mycobacterium tuberculosis was the last major uncontrollable species against the human public health worldwide. After the victory with antibiotics, cancer has become the leading cause of death since 1981 in Japan. Considering that life inevitably depends on ceaseless electron transfers through iron and oxygen, we believe that carcinogenesis is intrinsically unavoidable side effects of using iron and oxygen. Many animal models unequivocally revealed that excess iron is a risk for carcinogenesis. This is supported by a variety of human epidemiological data on cancer risk and prognosis. Cancer is basically a disease of the genome with persistently activated oncogenes and inactivated tumor suppressor genes through which iron addiction with ferroptosis-resistance is maintained. Engineering has made a great advance in the past 50 years. In particular, nanotechnology is distinct in that the size of the engineered molecules is similar to that of our biomolecules. While some nano-molecules are found carcinogenic, there are principles to avoid such carcinogenicity with a smart possibility to use nano-molecules to specifically kill cancer cells. Non-thermal plasma is another modality to fight against cancer.
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20
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Funahashi S, Okazaki Y, Akatsuka S, Takahashi T, Sakumi K, Nakabeppu Y, Toyokuni S. Mth1 deficiency provides longer survival upon intraperitoneal crocidolite injection in female mice. Free Radic Res 2020; 54:195-205. [PMID: 32183600 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2020.1743285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to asbestos fiber is central to mesothelial carcinogenesis. Recent sequencing studies on human and rodent malignant mesothelioma (MM) revealed frequently mutated genes, including CDKN2A, BAP1 and NF2. Crocidolite directly or indirectly catalyses the generation of hydroxyl radicals, which appears to be the major driving force for mesothelial mutations. DNA base modification is an oxidative DNA damage mechanism, where 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) is the most abundant modification both physiologically and pathologically. Multiple distinct mechanisms work together to decrease the genomic level of 8-OHdG through the enzymatic activities of Mutyh, Ogg1 and Mth1. Knockout of one or multiple enzymes is not lethal but increases the incidence of tumors. Here, we used single knockout (KO) mice to test whether the deficiency of these three genes affects the incidence and prognosis of asbestos-induced MM. Intraperitoneal injection of 3 mg crocidolite induced MM at a fraction of 14.8% (4/27) in Mth1 KO, 41.4% (12/29) in Mutyh KO and 24.0% (6/25) in Ogg1 KO mice, whereas 31.7% (20/63) induction was observed in C57BL/6 wild-type (Wt) mice. The lifespan of female Mth1 KO mice was longer than that of female Wt mice (p = 0.0468). Whole genome scanning of MM with array-based comparative genomic hybridization revealed rare genomic alterations compared to MM in rats and humans. These results indicate that neither Mutyh deficiency nor Ogg1 deficiency promotes crocidolite-induced MM in mice, but the sanitizing nucleotide pool with Mth1 is advantageous in crocidolite-induced mesothelial carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satomi Funahashi
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.,Department of Food and Nutritional Environment, Kinjo Gakuin University of Human Life and Environment, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Okazaki
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Shinya Akatsuka
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takashi Takahashi
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Center for Neurological Diseases and Cancer, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.,Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kunihiko Sakumi
- Division of Neurofunctional Genomics, Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyusyu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yusaku Nakabeppu
- Division of Neurofunctional Genomics, Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyusyu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shinya Toyokuni
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.,Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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21
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Ito F, Yanatori I, Maeda Y, Nimura K, Ito S, Hirayama T, Nagasawa H, Kohyama N, Okazaki Y, Akatsuka S, Toyokuni S. Asbestos conceives Fe(II)-dependent mutagenic stromal milieu through ceaseless macrophage ferroptosis and β-catenin induction in mesothelium. Redox Biol 2020; 36:101616. [PMID: 32863225 PMCID: PMC7330611 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Asbestos is still a social burden worldwide as a carcinogen causing malignant mesothelioma. Whereas recent studies suggest that local iron reduction is a preventive strategy against carcinogenesis, little is known regarding the cellular and molecular mechanisms surrounding excess iron. Here by differentially using high-risk and low-risk asbestos fibers (crocidolite and anthophyllite, respectively), we identified asbestos-induced mutagenic milieu for mesothelial cells. Rat and cell experiments revealed that phagocytosis of asbestos by macrophages results in their distinctive necrotic death; initially lysosome-depenent cell death and later ferroptosis, which increase intra- and extra-cellular catalytic Fe(II). DNA damage in mesothelial cells, as assessed by 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine and γ-H2AX, increased after crocidolite exposure during regeneration accompanied by β-catenin activation. Conversely, β-catenin overexpression in mesothelial cells induced higher intracellular catalytic Fe(II) with increased G2/M cell-cycle fraction, when p16INK4A genomic loci localized more peripherally in the nucleus. Mesothelial cells after challenge of H2O2 under β-catenin overexpression presented low p16INK4A expression with a high incidence of deletion in p16INK4A locus. Thus, crocidolite generated catalytic Fe(II)-rich mutagenic environment for mesothelial cells by necrotizing macrophages with lysosomal cell death and ferroptosis. These results suggest novel molecular strategies to prevent mesothelial carcinogenesis after asbestos exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiya Ito
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Izumi Yanatori
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yuki Maeda
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Kenta Nimura
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Satoki Ito
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Tasuku Hirayama
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
| | - Hideko Nagasawa
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
| | - Norihiko Kohyama
- Faculty of Economics, Toyo University Graduate School of Economics, Tokyo, 112-0001, Japan; National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Kawasaki, 214-8585, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Okazaki
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Shinya Akatsuka
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Shinya Toyokuni
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan; Center for Low-temperature Plasma Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan; Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
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22
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Okazaki Y, Misawa N, Akatsuka S, Kohyama N, Sekido Y, Takahashi T, Toyokuni S. Frequent homozygous deletion of Cdkn2a/2b in tremolite-induced malignant mesothelioma in rats. Cancer Sci 2020; 111:1180-1192. [PMID: 32080953 PMCID: PMC7156836 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The onset of malignant mesothelioma (MM) is linked to exposure to asbestos fibers. Asbestos fibers are classified as serpentine (chrysotile) or amphibole, which includes the crocidolite, amosite, anthophyllite, tremolite, and actinolite types. Although few studies have been undertaken, anthophyllite has been shown to be associated with mesothelioma, and tremolite, a contaminant in talc and chrysotile, is a risk factor for carcinogenicity. Here, after characterizing the length and width of these fibers by scanning electron microscopy, we explored the cytotoxicity induced by tremolite and anthophyllite in cells from an immortalized human mesothelial cell line (MeT5A), murine macrophages (RAW264.7), and in a rat model. Tremolite and short anthophyllite fibers were phagocytosed and localized to vacuoles, whereas the long anthophyllite fibers were caught on the pseudopod of the MeT5A and Raw 264.7 cells, according to transmission electron microscopy. The results from a 2-day time-lapse study revealed that tremolite was engulfed and damaged the MeT5A and RAW264.7 cells, but anthophyllite was not cytotoxic to these cells. Intraperitoneal injection of tremolite in rats induced diffuse serosal thickening, whereas anthophyllite formed focal fibrosis and granulomas on peritoneal serosal surfaces. Furthermore, the loss of Cdkn2a/2b, which are the most frequently lost foci in human MM, were observed in 8 cases of rat MM (homozygous deletion [5/8] and loss of heterozygosity [3/8]) by array-based comparative genomic hybridization techniques. These results indicate that tremolite initiates mesothelial injury and persistently frustrates phagocytes, causing subsequent peritoneal fibrosis and MM. The possible mechanisms of carcinogenicity based on fiber diameter/length are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasumasa Okazaki
- Department of Pathology and Biological ResponsesNagoya University Graduate School of MedicineNagoyaJapan
| | - Nobuaki Misawa
- Department of Pathology and Biological ResponsesNagoya University Graduate School of MedicineNagoyaJapan
| | - Shinya Akatsuka
- Department of Pathology and Biological ResponsesNagoya University Graduate School of MedicineNagoyaJapan
| | - Norihiko Kohyama
- Faculty of EconomicsToyo University Graduate School of EconomicsTokyoJapan
- National Institute of Occupational Safety and HealthKawasakiJapan
| | - Yoshitaka Sekido
- Division of Cancer BiologyAichi Cancer Center Research InstituteNagoyaJapan
| | - Takashi Takahashi
- Division of Molecular CarcinogenesisNagoya University Graduate School of MedicineNagoyaJapan
- Aichi Cancer Center Research InstituteNagoyaJapan
| | - Shinya Toyokuni
- Department of Pathology and Biological ResponsesNagoya University Graduate School of MedicineNagoyaJapan
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23
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Samadian H, Salami MS, Jaymand M, Azarnezhad A, Najafi M, Barabadi H, Ahmadi A. Genotoxicity assessment of carbon-based nanomaterials; Have their unique physicochemical properties made them double-edged swords? MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2020; 783:108296. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2020.108296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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24
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Celsi F, Crovella S, Moura RR, Schneider M, Vita F, Finotto L, Zabucchi G, Zacchi P, Borelli V. Pleural mesothelioma and lung cancer: the role of asbestos exposure and genetic variants in selected iron metabolism and inflammation genes. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2019; 82:1088-1102. [PMID: 31755376 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2019.1694612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Two of the major cancerous diseases associated with asbestos exposure are malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) and lung cancer (LC). In addition to asbestos exposure, genetic factors have been suggested to be associated with asbestos-related carcinogenesis and lung genotoxicity. While genetic factors involved in the susceptibility to MPM were reported, to date the influence of individual genetic variations on asbestos-related lung cancer risk is still poorly understood. Since inflammation and disruption of iron (Fe) homeostasis are hallmarks of asbestos exposure affecting the pulmonary tissue, this study aimed at investigating the association between Fe-metabolism and inflammasome gene variants and susceptibility to develop LC or MPM, by comparing an asbestos-exposed population affected by LC with an "asbestos-resistant exposed population". A retrospective approach similar to our previous autopsy-based pilot study was employed in a novel cohort of autoptic samples, thus giving us the possibility to corroborate previous findings obtained on MPM by repeating the analysis in a novel cohort of autoptic samples. The protective role of HEPH coding SNP was further confirmed. In addition, the two non-coding SNPs, either in FTH1 or in TF, emerged to exert a similar protective role in a new cohort of LC exposed individuals from the same geographic area of MPM subjects. No association was found between NLRP1 and NLRP3 polymorphisms with susceptibility to develop MPM and LC. Further research into a specific MPM and LC "genetic signature" may be needed to broaden our knowledge of the genetic landscape attributed to result in MPM and LC.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Celsi
- Lega Italiana per la Lotta contro i Tumori (LILT), Italy
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - S Crovella
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Ospedale di Cattinara, Trieste, Italy
| | - R R Moura
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - M Schneider
- Laboratory of Pathological Anatomy, AAS2 "Bassa Friulana-Isontina" - S. Polo General Hospital, Monfalcone, Italy
| | - F Vita
- Laboratory of Pathological Anatomy, AAS2 "Bassa Friulana-Isontina" - S. Polo General Hospital, Monfalcone, Italy
| | - L Finotto
- Workplace Safety and Prevention, AAS2 "Bassa Friulana-Isontina" - S. Polo General Hospital, Monfalcone, Italy
| | - G Zabucchi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - P Zacchi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - V Borelli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
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25
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Chen HY. Why the Reactive Oxygen Species of the Fenton Reaction Switches from Oxoiron(IV) Species to Hydroxyl Radical in Phosphate Buffer Solutions? A Computational Rationale. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:14105-14113. [PMID: 31497730 PMCID: PMC6714542 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b02023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
It has been shown that the major reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by the aqueous reaction of Fe(II) and H2O2 (i.e., the Fenton reaction) are high-valent oxoiron(IV) species, whereas the hydroxyl radical plays a role only in very acidic conditions. Nevertheless, when the Fenton reaction is conducted in phosphate buffer solutions, the resulting ROS turns into hydroxyl radical even in neutral pH conditions. The present density functional theory (DFT) study discloses the underlying principle for this phenomenon. Static and dynamic DFT calculations indicate that in phosphate buffer solutions, the iron ion is highly coordinated by phosphoric acid anions. Such a coordination environment substantially raises the pK a of coordinated water on Fe(III). As a consequence, the Fe(III)-OH intermediate, resulting from the reductive decomposition of H2O2 by ferrous ion is relatively unstable and will be readily protonated by phosphoric acid ligand or by free proton in solution. These proton-transfer reactions, which become energetically favorable when the number of phosphate coordination goes up to three, prevent the Fe(III)-OH from hydrogen abstraction by nascent •OH to form Fe(IV)=O species. On the basis of this finding, a ligand design strategy toward controlling the nature of ROS produced in the Fenton reaction is put forth. In addition, it is found that while phosphate buffers facilitate •OH radical generation in the Fenton reaction, phosphoric acid anions can act as •OH radical scavengers through hydrogen atom transfer reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsing-Yin Chen
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
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26
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Li Z, Jiang L, Chew SH, Hirayama T, Sekido Y, Toyokuni S. Carbonic anhydrase 9 confers resistance to ferroptosis/apoptosis in malignant mesothelioma under hypoxia. Redox Biol 2019; 26:101297. [PMID: 31442913 PMCID: PMC6831888 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia and acidity provide microenvironment for selection under evolutionary pressure and proliferation in cancer cells. Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are a superfamily of metalloenzymes present in all life kingdoms, equilibrating the reactions among CO2, bicarbonate and H+. CA9, a membrane-associated α-CA, has been a drug target for various cancers. Whereas iron is essential not only for cancer cells but also for all the lives on earth, little is known on the association among hypoxia, iron metabolism, extracellular acidity and redox regulation. Malignant mesothelioma (MM), an aggressive tumor with poor prognosis, is an intriguing model in that asbestos-associated pathogenesis includes excess iron environment during carcinogenesis. Re-analysis of rat asbestos-induced MM model revealed an inverse association between high CA9 expression and survival. Here we used human MMs to identify the molecular events surrounding CA9 from the viewpoint of iron metabolism. CA9 expression was significantly higher in MM cells than in MeT-5A mesothelial cells, which was further amplified under hypoxia (1%O2) with increased catalytic Fe(II). CA9 suppression by inhibitors (S4 and U104) decreased viability and migration of MM cells, accompanied by overexpression of TFRC, IREB1/2 and FPN1(SLC40A1) and by downregulation of FTH/FTL. This expressional pattern was similar to that of erastin-induced ferroptosis in the same cells. Furthermore, we observed mitochondrial fission and enhanced autophagy with increased catalytic Fe(II) in both mitochondria and lysosomes after CA9 inhibition, accompanied by increased peroxides, mitochondrial O2− and lipid peroxidation. The eventual cell death was significantly inhibited by deferoxamine, ferrostatin-1 and Z-VAD-FMK, suggesting a mixed cell death of ferroptosis and apoptosis. Therefore, CA9 plays a role in equilibrating among hypoxia, iron metabolism and redox regulation in MM cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zan Li
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Li Jiang
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Shan Hwu Chew
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Tasuku Hirayama
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-Nishi, Gifu, 501-1113, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Sekido
- Division of Cancer Biology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, 464-8681, Japan
| | - Shinya Toyokuni
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan; Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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27
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Wu SJ, Zhang ZZ, Cheng NS, Xiong XZ, Yang L. Preoperative serum ferritin is an independent prognostic factor for liver cancer after hepatectomy. Surg Oncol 2019; 29:159-167. [DOI: 10.1016/j.suronc.2019.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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28
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Sato K, Shi L, Ito F, Ohara Y, Motooka Y, Tanaka H, Mizuno M, Hori M, Hirayama T, Hibi H, Toyokuni S. Non-thermal plasma specifically kills oral squamous cell carcinoma cells in a catalytic Fe(II)-dependent manner. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2019; 65:8-15. [PMID: 31379408 PMCID: PMC6667380 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.18-91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer accounts for ~2% of all cancers worldwide, and therapeutic intervention is closely associated with quality of life. Here, we evaluated the effects of non-thermal plasma on oral squamous cell carcinoma cells with special reference to catalytic Fe(II). Non-thermal plasma exerted a specific killing effect on oral squamous cell carcinoma cells in comparison to fibroblasts. Furthermore, the effect was dependent on the amounts of catalytic Fe(II), present especially in lysosomes. After non-thermal plasma application, lipid peroxidation occurred and peroxides and mitochondrial superoxide were generated. Cancer cell death by non-thermal plasma was promoted dose-dependently by prior application of ferric ammonium citrate and prevented by desferrioxamine, suggesting the association of ferroptosis. Potential involvement of apoptosis was also observed with positive terminal deoxynucleaotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling and annexin V results. Non-thermal plasma exposure significantly suppressed the migratory, invasive and colony-forming abilities of squamous cell carcinoma cells. The oral cavity is easily observable; therefore, non-thermal plasma can be directly applied to the oral cavity to kill oral squamous cell carcinoma without damaging fibroblasts. In conclusion, non-thermal plasma treatment is a potential therapeutic option for oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotaro Sato
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Turumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Turumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Fumiya Ito
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Turumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yuuki Ohara
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Turumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yashiro Motooka
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Turumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Tanaka
- Center for Advanced Medicine and Clinical Research, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Masaaki Mizuno
- Center for Advanced Medicine and Clinical Research, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Masaru Hori
- Plasma Nanotechnology Research Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Tasuku Hirayama
- The Laboratory of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Hideharu Hibi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Shinya Toyokuni
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Turumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan.,Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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29
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Gualtieri AF, Andreozzi GB, Tomatis M, Turci F. Iron from a geochemical viewpoint. Understanding toxicity/pathogenicity mechanisms in iron-bearing minerals with a special attention to mineral fibers. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 133:21-37. [PMID: 30071299 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Iron and its role as soul of life on Earth is addressed in this review as iron is one of the most abundant elements of our universe, forms the core of our planet and that of telluric (i.e., Earth-like) planets, is a major element of the Earth's crust and is hosted in an endless number of mineral phases, both crystalline and amorphous. To study iron at an atomic level inside the bulk of mineral phases or at its surface, where it is more reactive, both spectroscopy and diffraction experimental methods can be used, taking advantage of nearly the whole spectrum of electromagnetic waves. These methods can be successfully combined to microscopy to simultaneously provide chemical (e.g. iron mapping) and morphological information on mineral particles, and shed light on the interaction of mineral surfaces with organic matter. This review describes the crystal chemistry of iron-bearing minerals of importance for the environment and human health, with special attention to iron in toxic minerals, and the experimental methods used for their study. Special attention is devoted to the Fenton-like chain reaction involving Fe2+ in the formation of highly reactive hydroxyl radicals. The final part of this review deals with release and adsorption of iron in biological fluids, coordinative and oxidative state of iron and in vitro reactivity. To disclose the very mechanisms of carcinogenesis induced by iron-bearing toxic mineral particles, crystal chemistry and surface chemistry are fundamental for a multidisciplinary approach which should involve geo-bio-scientists, toxicologists and medical doctors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro F Gualtieri
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, The University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, I-41125 Modena, Italy.
| | - Giovanni B Andreozzi
- Department of Earth Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy; CNR-IGAG, U.O. Roma, at Department of Earth Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Maura Tomatis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, via Pietro Giuria 7, I-10125 Torino, Italy; "G. Sca nsetti" Interdepartmen tal Centre for Studies on Asbestos and Other Toxic Particulates, University of Torino, via Pietro Giuria 9, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Francesco Turci
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, via Pietro Giuria 7, I-10125 Torino, Italy; "G. Sca nsetti" Interdepartmen tal Centre for Studies on Asbestos and Other Toxic Particulates, University of Torino, via Pietro Giuria 9, I-10125 Torino, Italy
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30
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Toyokuni S. Iron addiction with ferroptosis-resistance in asbestos-induced mesothelial carcinogenesis: Toward the era of mesothelioma prevention. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 133:206-215. [PMID: 30312759 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.10.401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is the primary cause of human mortality in most countries. This tendency has increased as various medical therapeutics have advanced, which suggests that we cannot escape carcinogenesis, although the final outcome may be modified by exposomes and statistics. Cancer is classified by its cellular differentiation. Mesothelial cells are distinct in that they line somatic cavities, facilitating the smooth movement of organs, but are not exposed to the external environment. Malignant mesothelioma, or simply mesothelioma, develops either in the pleural, peritoneal or pericardial cavities, or in the tunica vaginalis testes. Mesothelioma has been a relatively rare cancer but is socially important due to its association with asbestos exposure, caused by modern industrial development. The major pathogenic mechanisms include oxidative stress either via catalytic reactions against the asbestos surface or frustrated phagocytosis of macrophages, and specific adsorption of hemoglobin and histones by asbestos fibers in the presence of phagocytic activity of mesothelial cells. Multiwall carbon nanotubes of ~50 nm-diameter, additionally adsorbing transferrin, are similarly carcinogenic to mesothelial cells in rodents and were thus classified as Group 2B carcinogens. Genetic alterations found in human and rat mesothelioma notably contain changes found in other excess iron-induced carcinogenesis models. Phlebotomy and iron chelation therapies have been successful in the prevention of mesothelioma in rats. Alternatively, loading of oxidative stress by non-thermal plasma to mesothelioma cells causes ferroptosis. Therefore, carcinogenesis by foreign fibrous inorganic materials may overlap the uncovered molecular mechanisms of birth of life and its evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Toyokuni
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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31
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Ito F, Hisashi H, Toyokuni S. Polymer coating on carbon nanotubes into Durobeads is a novel strategy for human environmental safety. NAGOYA JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE 2018; 80:597-604. [PMID: 30587874 PMCID: PMC6295439 DOI: 10.18999/nagjms.80.4.597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have attracted much business interest in industrial applications due to their high electrical and heat conductivities while being both durable and versatile. However, multiwall CNTs (MWCNTs) of ~50 nm diameter (NT50) have been shown to cause mesothelioma in rodents after direct exposure to mesothelial cells, and thus were classified as a Group 2B carcinogen to humans, which requires considerable regulations for use. In contrast, tangled MWCNTs of ~15 nm diameter (NTtngl) are not carcinogenic to rats, indicating that the physical dimension linked with mesothelial cellular uptake is an important factor for human environmental risk. In the present study, hypothesizing that dustability is another distinct risk factor, for the first time, we evaluated the toxicity of CNT granules (Durobeads) that were generated with a polymer coating to mesothelial cells. Polymer coating induced prominent agglomeration and significantly suppressed the dustability of CNTs in a dose-dependent manner, with a 10% polymer coating resulting in 730 times less dustability. These CNT granules revealed significantly lower mesothelial uptake and cytotoxicity in comparison to NT50 in in vitro assays. Similarly, in in vivo analyses, CNT granules induced limited peritoneal inflammation 4 weeks after intraperitoneal injection, whereas NT50 caused severe fibrosing inflammation. Previously, we demonstrated that the severity of inflammation by intraperitoneal injection in the subacute studies are in agreement with the mesothelial carcinogenicity by CNTs. Therefore, we suggest that adding a polymer coating to CNTs provides another smart strategy for the safe use of CNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiya Ito
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 46, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Hisashi
- Mitsubishi Corporation, 3-1 Marunouchi 2-chome, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinya Toyokuni
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 46, Japan
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32
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Sakamoto Y, Hojo M, Kosugi Y, Watanabe K, Hirose A, Inomata A, Suzuki T, Nakae D. Comparative study for carcinogenicity of 7 different multi-wall carbon nanotubes with different physicochemical characteristics by a single intraperitoneal injection in male Fischer 344 rats. J Toxicol Sci 2018; 43:587-600. [PMID: 30298847 DOI: 10.2131/jts.43.587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The present study comparatively examined carcinogenicity of 7 different multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with different physicochemical characteristics. Physicochemical characteristics of MWCNTs (referred to as M-, N-, WL-, SD1-, WS-, SD2- and T-CNTs in the present study) were determined using scanning electron and light microscopes and a collision type inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer. Male Fischer 344 rats (10 weeks old, 15 animals per group) were administered MWCNTs at a single intraperitoneal dose of 1 mg/kg body weight, and sacrificed up to 52 weeks after the commencement. Fibers of M-, N-, WL- and SD1-CNTs were straight and acicular in shape, and contained few agglomerates. They were relatively long (38-59% of fibers were longer than 5 μm) and thick (33% to more than 70% of fibers were thicker than 60 nm). All of these 4 MWCNTs induced mesotheliomas at absolute incidences of 100%. Fibers of WS-, SD2- and T-CNTs were curled and tightly tangled to form frequent agglomerates. They were relatively short and thin (more than 90% of measured fibers were thinner than 50 nm). WS- CNT did not induce mesothelioma, and only one of 15 rat given SD2- or T-CNT developed tumor. Any correlations existed between the metal content and neither the size or form of fibers, nor the carcinogenicity. It is thus indicated that the physicochemical characteristics of MWCNTs are critical for their carcinogenicity. The straight and acicular shape without frequent agglomerates, and the relatively long and thick size, but not the iron content, may be critical factors. The present data can contribute to the risk management, practical use and social acceptance of MWCNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimitsu Sakamoto
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health
| | - Motoki Hojo
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health
| | - Yuki Kosugi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health
| | - Kimiyo Watanabe
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health
| | - Akihiko Hirose
- Division of Risk Assessment, Biological Safety Research Center, National Institute of Health Sciences
| | - Akiko Inomata
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health
| | - Toshinari Suzuki
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health
| | - Dai Nakae
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Safety, Faculty of Applied Biosciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture
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33
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Funahashi S, Okazaki Y, Nishiyama T, Ohyoshi H, Yasui H, Nishida K, Matsui S, Toyokuni S. Global overexpression of divalent metal transporter 1 delays crocidolite-induced mesothelial carcinogenesis in male mice. Free Radic Res 2018; 52:1030-1039. [DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2018.1514604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Satomi Funahashi
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Food and Nutritional Environment, Kinjo Gakuin University of Human Life and Environment, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Okazaki
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takahiro Nishiyama
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Ohyoshi
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yasui
- Department of Analytical and Bioinorganic Chemistry, Division of Analytical and Physical Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuki Nishida
- Department of Biostatistics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Matsui
- Department of Biostatistics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shinya Toyokuni
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Sydney Medical School, the University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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34
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Fan X, McLaughlin C, Ravasini J, Robinson C, George AM. Zeolite protects mice from iron-induced damage in a mouse model trial. FEBS Open Bio 2018; 8:1773-1781. [PMID: 30410857 PMCID: PMC6212648 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
For centuries, zeolites have been used for their utility in binding metals, and they feature in a multitude of agricultural and industrial applications in which the honeycombed zeolite structures form ideal ion exchangers, catalysts and binding agents. Zeolites are currently in a transition period, moving towards implementation in human ailments and diseases. Here, we postulated that zeolites may be able to counter the effects of excess iron and conducted a mouse model trial to gauge the utility of this notion. We used the transgenic mouse strain MexTAg299 for a thirty‐week pilot trial in which iron polymaltose and/or the zeolite clinoptilolite was injected into the peritoneum twice weekly. Mice were sacrificed at the end of the trial period and examined by postmortem and histology for significant physiological differences between mouse subgroups. In this study, we demonstrated that a common zeolite, clinoptilolite, is able to maintain the general health and well‐being of mice and prevent iron‐induced deleterious effects following iron overload. When zeolites are given with iron biweekly as intraperitoneal injections, mice showed far less macroscopic visual organ discoloration, along with near normal histology, under iron overload conditions when compared to mice injected with iron only. The purpose of the present pilot study was to examine potential alternatives to current iron chelation treatments, and the results indicate an advantage to using zeolites in conditions of iron excess. Zeolites may have translational potential for use in cases of human iron overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyong Fan
- Faculty of Science School of Life Sciences University of Technology Sydney Broadway New South Wales Australia
| | - Chris McLaughlin
- Faculty of Science School of Life Sciences University of Technology Sydney Broadway New South Wales Australia
| | - Jason Ravasini
- Faculty of Science School of Life Sciences University of Technology Sydney Broadway New South Wales Australia
| | - Cleo Robinson
- School of Biomedical Sciences University of Western Australia Crawley Perth Australia.,Molecular Anatomical Pathology PathWest Laboratory Medicine QEII Medical Centre Nedlands Perth Australia
| | - Anthony M George
- Faculty of Science School of Life Sciences University of Technology Sydney Broadway New South Wales Australia
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35
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The hippo pathway provides novel insights into lung cancer and mesothelioma treatment. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2018; 144:2097-2106. [DOI: 10.1007/s00432-018-2727-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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36
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Mohanty SK, Gonneau C, Salamatipour A, Pietrofesa RA, Casper B, Christofidou-Solomidou M, Willenbring JK. Siderophore-mediated iron removal from chrysotile: Implications for asbestos toxicity reduction and bioremediation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2018; 341:290-296. [PMID: 28797944 PMCID: PMC5771417 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Asbestos fibers are highly toxic (Group 1 carcinogen) due to their high aspect ratio, durability, and the presence of iron. In nature, plants, fungi, and microorganisms release exudates, which can alter the physical and chemical properties of soil minerals including asbestos minerals. We examined whether exudates from bacteria and fungi at environmentally relevant concentrations can alter chrysotile, the most widely used asbestos mineral, and lower its toxicity. We monitored the release of iron from chrysotile in the presence of organic acid ligands and iron-specific siderophores derived from bacteria and fungi and measured any change in fiber toxicity toward peritoneal macrophages harvested from mice. Both fungal and bacterial siderophores increased the removal of iron from asbestos fibers. In contrast, organic acid ligands at environmentally relevant concentrations neither released iron from fibers nor helped in siderophore-mediated iron removal. Removal of plant-available or exchangeable iron did not diminish iron dissolution by both types of siderophores, which indicates that siderophores can effectively remove structural iron from chrysotile fibers. Removal of iron by siderophore lowered the fiber toxicity; fungal siderophore appears to be more effective than bacterial siderophore in lowering the toxicity. These results indicate that prolonged exposure to siderophores, not organic acids, in the soil environment decreases asbestos fiber toxicity and possibly lowers the health risks. Thus, bioremediation should be explored as a viable strategy to manage asbestos-contaminated sites such as Brownfield sites, which are currently left untreated despite dangers to surrounding communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay K Mohanty
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States
| | - Cedric Gonneau
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States
| | - Ashkan Salamatipour
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine and the Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States
| | - Ralph A Pietrofesa
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine and the Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States
| | - Brenda Casper
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States
| | - Melpo Christofidou-Solomidou
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine and the Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States
| | - Jane K Willenbring
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States.
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37
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Ohara Y, Chew SH, Shibata T, Okazaki Y, Yamashita K, Toyokuni S. Phlebotomy as a preventive measure for crocidolite-induced mesothelioma in male rats. Cancer Sci 2018; 109:330-339. [PMID: 29193587 PMCID: PMC5797813 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is a rare but socially important neoplasm due to its association with asbestos exposure. Malignant mesothelioma is difficult to diagnose at an early stage, yet there are no particularly effective treatments available at the advanced stage, thus necessitating efficient strategies to prevent MM in individuals already exposed to asbestos. We previously showed that persistent oxidative damage caused by foreign body reaction and affinity of asbestos both to hemoglobin and histones is one of the major pathogeneses. Accordingly, as an effective strategy to prevent asbestos‐induced MM, we undertook the use of an iron chelator, deferasirox, which decreased the epithelial–mesenchymal transition in a crocidolite‐induced rat MM model. However, this agent may show adverse effects. Here, we studied the effects of iron removal by phlebotomy as a realistic measure on the same rat model. We injected a total of 5 mg crocidolite i.p. to F1 hybrid rats between the Fischer‐344 and Brown‐Norway strains at the age of 6 weeks. We repeated weekly or biweekly phlebotomy of 6‐8 mL/kg/time from 10 to 60 weeks of age. The animals were observed until 120 weeks. In male rats, phlebotomy significantly decreased the weight and nuclear grade of MM, and modestly reduced the associated ascites and the fraction of more malignant sarcomatoid subtype. Weekly phlebotomy prolonged long‐term survival. Our results indicate that appropriate phlebotomy may be a practical preventive measure to attenuate the initiation and promotion capacity of asbestos towards MM by reducing iron in individuals exposed to asbestos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuuki Ohara
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shan-Hwu Chew
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takahiro Shibata
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Okazaki
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kyoko Yamashita
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shinya Toyokuni
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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38
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Lu HF, Chen HF, Kao CL, Chao I, Chen HY. A computational study of the Fenton reaction in different pH ranges. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:22890-22901. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp04381g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism of the Fenton reaction is pH dependent and four distinct reactive species have been identified and found to display quite different oxidation reactivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiu-Feng Lu
- Institute of Chemistry
- Academia Sinica
- Taipei 11529
- Taiwan
| | - Hui-Fen Chen
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry
- Kaohsiung Medical University
- Kaohsiung 80708
- Taiwan
| | - Chai-Lin Kao
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry
- Kaohsiung Medical University
- Kaohsiung 80708
- Taiwan
| | - Ito Chao
- Institute of Chemistry
- Academia Sinica
- Taipei 11529
- Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Yin Chen
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry
- Kaohsiung Medical University
- Kaohsiung 80708
- Taiwan
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39
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Roulois D, Deshayes S, Guilly MN, Nader JS, Liddell C, Robard M, Hulin P, Ouacher A, Le Martelot V, Fonteneau JF, Grégoire M, Blanquart C, Pouliquen DL. Characterization of preneoplastic and neoplastic rat mesothelial cell lines: the involvement of TETs, DNMTs, and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine. Oncotarget 2017; 7:34664-87. [PMID: 27129173 PMCID: PMC5085183 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is one of the worst cancers in terms of clinical outcome, urging the need to establish and characterize new preclinical tools for investigation of the tumorigenic process, improvement of early diagnosis and evaluation of new therapeutic strategies. For these purposes, we characterized a collection of 27 cell lines established from F344 rats, after 136 to 415 days of induction with crocidolite asbestos administered intraperitoneally. Four mesotheliomas were distinguished from 23 preneoplastic mesothelial cell lines (PN) according to their propensity to generate tumors after orthotopic transplantation into syngeneic rats, their growth pattern, and the expression profile of three genes. PN cell lines were further discriminated into groups / subgroups according to morphology in culture and the expression profiles of 14 additional genes. This approach was completed by analysis of positive and negative immunohistochemical MM markers in the four tumors, of karyotype alterations in the most aggressive MM cell line in comparison with a PN epithelioid cell line, and of human normal mesothelial and mesothelioma cells and a tissue array. Our results showed that both the rat and human MM cell lines shared in common a dramatic decrease in the relative expression of Cdkn2a and of epigenetic regulators, in comparison with PN and normal human mesothelial cells, respectively. In particular, we identified the involvement of the relative expression of the Ten-Eleven Translocation (TET) family of dioxygenases and Dnmt3a in relation to the 5-hydroxymethylcytosine level in malignant transformation and the acquisition of metastatic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Roulois
- CRCNA, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,INSERM, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,CNRS, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Sophie Deshayes
- CRCNA, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,INSERM, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,CNRS, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | | | - Joëlle S Nader
- CRCNA, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,INSERM, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,CNRS, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Charly Liddell
- CRCNA, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,INSERM, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,CNRS, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Myriam Robard
- INSERM, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Cellular and Tissular Imaging Core Facility (MicroPICell), Nantes, France
| | - Philippe Hulin
- INSERM, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Cellular and Tissular Imaging Core Facility (MicroPICell), Nantes, France
| | - Amal Ouacher
- CRCNA, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,INSERM, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,CNRS, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Vanessa Le Martelot
- CRCNA, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,INSERM, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,CNRS, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Jean-François Fonteneau
- CRCNA, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,INSERM, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,CNRS, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Marc Grégoire
- CRCNA, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,INSERM, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,CNRS, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Christophe Blanquart
- CRCNA, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,INSERM, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,CNRS, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Daniel L Pouliquen
- CRCNA, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,INSERM, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,CNRS, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
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40
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Li GH, Akatsuka S, Chew SH, Jiang L, Nishiyama T, Sakamoto A, Takahashi T, Futakuchi M, Suzuki H, Sakumi K, Nakabeppu Y, Toyokuni S. Fenton reaction-induced renal carcinogenesis in Mutyh-deficient mice exhibits less chromosomal aberrations than the rat model. Pathol Int 2017; 67:564-574. [PMID: 29027306 DOI: 10.1111/pin.12598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress including iron excess has been associated with carcinogenesis. The level of 8-oxoguanine, a major oxidatively modified base in DNA, is maintained very low by three distinct enzymes, encoded by OGG1, MUTYH and MTH1. Germline biallelic inactivation of MUTYH represents a familial cancer syndrome called MUTYH-associated polyposis. Here, we used Mutyh-deficient mice to evaluate renal carcinogenesis induced by ferric nitrilotriacetate (Fe-NTA). Although the C57BL/6 background is cancer-resistant, a repeated intraperitoneal administration of Fe-NTA induced a high incidence of renal cell carcinoma (RCC; 26.7%) in Mutyh-deficient mice in comparison to wild-type mice (7.1%). Fe-NTA treatment also induced renal malignant lymphoma, which did not occur without the Fe-NTA treatment in both the genotypes. Renal tumor-free survival after Fe-NTA treatment was marginally different (P = 0.157) between the two genotypes. Array-based comparative genome hybridization analyses revealed, in RCC, the loss of heterozygosity in chromosomes 4 and 12 without p16INKA inactivation; these results were confirmed by a methylation analysis and showed no significant difference between the genotypes. Lymphomas showed a preference for genomic amplifications. Dlk1 inactivation by promoter methylation may be involved in carcinogenesis in both tumors. Fe-NTA-induced murine RCCs revealed significantly less genomic aberrations than those in rats, demonstrating a marked species difference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Hua Li
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Shinya Akatsuka
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Shan Hwu Chew
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Li Jiang
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Takahiro Nishiyama
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Akihiko Sakamoto
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Takashi Takahashi
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Center for Neurological Diseases and Cancer, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Futakuchi
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - Hiromu Suzuki
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
| | - Kunihiko Sakumi
- Division of Neurofunctional Genomics, Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yusaku Nakabeppu
- Division of Neurofunctional Genomics, Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Shinya Toyokuni
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan.,Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
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41
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Toyokuni S, Ito F, Yamashita K, Okazaki Y, Akatsuka S. Iron and thiol redox signaling in cancer: An exquisite balance to escape ferroptosis. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 108:610-626. [PMID: 28433662 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological data indicate a constant worldwide increase in cancer mortality, although the age of onset is increasing. Recent accumulation of genomic data on human cancer via next-generation sequencing confirmed that cancer is a disease of genome alteration. In many cancers, the Nrf2 transcription system is activated via mutations either in Nrf2 or Keap1 ubiquitin ligase, leading to persistent activation of the genes with antioxidative functions. Furthermore, deep sequencing of passenger mutations is clarifying responsible cancer causative agent(s) in each case, including aging, APOBEC activation, smoking and UV. Therefore, it is most likely that oxidative stress is the principal initiating factor in carcinogenesis, with the involvement of two essential molecules for life, iron and oxygen. There is evidence based on epidemiological and animal studies that excess iron is a major risk for carcinogenesis, suggesting the importance of ferroptosis-resistance. Microscopic visualization of catalytic Fe(II) has recently become available. Although catalytic Fe(II) is largely present in lysosomes, proliferating cells harbor catalytic Fe(II) also in the cytosol and mitochondria. Oxidative stress catalyzed by Fe(II) is counteracted by thiol systems at different functional levels. Nitric oxide, carbon monoxide and hydrogen (per)sulfide modulate these reactions. Mitochondria generate not only energy but also heme/iron sulfur cluster cofactors and remain mostly dysfunctional in cancer cells, leading to Warburg effects. Cancer cells are under persistent oxidative stress with a delicate balance between catalytic iron and thiols, thereby escaping ferroptosis. Thus, high-dose L-ascorbate and non-thermal plasma as well as glucose/glutamine deprivation may provide additional benefits as cancer therapies over preexisting therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Toyokuni
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Fumiya Ito
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Kyoko Yamashita
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Okazaki
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Shinya Akatsuka
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
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42
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Shi L, Ito F, Wang Y, Okazaki Y, Tanaka H, Mizuno M, Hori M, Hirayama T, Nagasawa H, Richardson DR, Toyokuni S. Non-thermal plasma induces a stress response in mesothelioma cells resulting in increased endocytosis, lysosome biogenesis and autophagy. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 108:904-917. [PMID: 28465262 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.04.368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Non-thermal plasma (NTP) is a potential new therapeutic modality for cancer. However, its mechanism of action remains unclear. Herein, we studied the effect of NTP on mesothelioma cells and fibroblasts to understand its anti-proliferative efficacy. Interestingly, NTP demonstrated greater selective anti-proliferative activity against mesothelioma cells relative to fibroblasts than cisplatin, which is used for mesothelioma treatment. The anti-proliferative effect of NTP was enhanced by pre-incubation with the cellular iron donor, ferric ammonium citrate (FAC), and inhibited by iron chelation using desferrioxamine (DFO). Three oxidative stress probes (CM-H2DCFDA, MitoSOX and C11-BODIPY) demonstrated reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation by NTP, which was inhibited by DFO. Moreover, NTP decreased transferrin receptor-1 and increased ferritin-H and -L chain expression that was correlated with decreased iron-regulatory protein expression and RNA-binding activity. This regulation was potentially due to increased intracellular iron in lysosomes, which was demonstrated via the Fe(II)-selective probe, HMRhoNox-M, and was consistent with autophagic-induction. Immunofluorescence using LysoTracker and Pepstatin A probes demonstrated increased cellular lysosome content, which was confirmed by elevated LAMP1 expression. The enhanced lysosomal biogenesis after NTP could be due to the observed increase in fluid-phase endocytosis and early endosome formation. These results suggest NTP acts as a stressor, which results in increased endocytosis, lysosome content and autophagy. In fact, NTP rapidly increased autophagosome formation, as judged by increased LC3B-II expression, which co-localized with LAMP1, indicating autophagolysosome formation. Autophagic-induction by NTP was confirmed using electron microscopy. In summary, NTP acts as a cellular stressor to rapidly induce fluid-phase endocytosis, lysosome biogenesis and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Shi
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Fumiya Ito
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Okazaki
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Tanaka
- Center for Advanced Medicine and Clinical Research, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Masaaki Mizuno
- Center for Advanced Medicine and Clinical Research, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Masaru Hori
- Plasma Nanotechnology Research Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Tasuku Hirayama
- The Laboratory of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hideko Nagasawa
- The Laboratory of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Des R Richardson
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Shinya Toyokuni
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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Toyokuni S, Jiang L. In response to Sharing different perspectives to understand asbestos-induced carcinogenesis: A comment to Jiang et al. (2016) by Alessandro Francesco Gualtieri (2017). Cancer Sci 2017; 108:1089-1090. [PMID: 28557336 PMCID: PMC5448601 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Toyokuni
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Li Jiang
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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Chew SH, Okazaki Y, Akatsuka S, Wang S, Jiang L, Ohara Y, Ito F, Saya H, Sekido Y, Toyokuni S. Rheostatic CD44 isoform expression and its association with oxidative stress in human malignant mesothelioma. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 106:91-99. [PMID: 28185919 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
CD44 exists as a standard (CD44s) isoform and different variant isoforms (CD44v) due to alternative splicing. While the complex nature of these different isoforms has not been fully elucidated, CD44v expression has been shown to exert oncogenic effects by promoting tumor progression, metastasis and resistance of tumor cells to chemotherapy. One of the CD44v isoforms, CD44v8-10, was recently shown to protect cancer cells from oxidative stress by increasing the synthesis of glutathione (GSH). However, data regarding CD44 isoform expression in malignant mesothelioma (MM) are still lacking. Here, we show that most of the MM cell lines express both the CD44s and CD44v isoforms, in contrast to non-tumorigenic mesothelial cells, which express only CD44s. Moreover, we show here that these MM cell lines are positive for CD44 variable exon 9, with CD44v8-10 among the variant isoforms expressed. The expression of CD44 variable exon 9 was found to be statistically associated with NF2 inactivation, a common occurrence in MM. Knockdown of CD44 reduced the protein level of xCT, a cystine transporter, and increased oxidative stress. However, an increase in GSH was also observed and was associated with enhanced chemoresistance in CD44-knockdown cells. Increased GSH was mediated by the Nrf2/AP-1-induced upregulation of GCLC, a subunit of the enzyme catalyzing GSH synthesis. Our results thus suggest that the response to CD44 depletion is cell type-dependent and, in cases such as MM cells, compensatory pathway(s) might be activated rheostatically to account for the loss of CD44 and counteract enhanced oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Hwu Chew
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Okazaki
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Shinya Akatsuka
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Shenqi Wang
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Li Jiang
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yuuki Ohara
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Fumiya Ito
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Saya
- Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Sekido
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya 464-8681, Japan
| | - Shinya Toyokuni
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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45
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Gualtieri AF. Sharing different perspectives to understand asbestos-induced carcinogenesis: A comment to Jiang et al. (2016). Cancer Sci 2017; 108:156-157. [PMID: 28133921 PMCID: PMC5276831 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
This letter reports some constructive observations on the recent findings by Jiang et al. Cancer Sci (2016) that have inspired a more general comment on how the research on asbestos should take advantage of the different existing multidisciplinary perspectives so to flow into a final comprehensive model of asbestos‐induced carcinogenesis.
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Abstract
Mesothelial cells (MCs) cover the surface of visceral organs and the parietal walls of cavities, and they synthesize lubricating fluids to create a slippery surface that facilitates movement between organs without friction. Recent studies have indicated that MCs play active roles in liver development, fibrosis, and regeneration. During liver development, the mesoderm produces MCs that form a single epithelial layer of the mesothelium. MCs exhibit an intermediate phenotype between epithelial cells and mesenchymal cells. Lineage tracing studies have indicated that during liver development, MCs act as mesenchymal progenitor cells that produce hepatic stellate cells, fibroblasts around blood vessels, and smooth muscle cells. Upon liver injury, MCs migrate inward from the liver surface and produce hepatic stellate cells or myofibroblast depending on the etiology, suggesting that MCs are the source of myofibroblasts in capsular fibrosis. Similar to the activation of hepatic stellate cells, transforming growth factor β induces the conversion of MCs into myofibroblasts. Further elucidation of the biological and molecular changes involved in MC activation and fibrogenesis will contribute to the development of novel approaches for the prevention and therapy of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Lua
- Southern California Research Center for ALPD and Cirrhosis, Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kinji Asahina
- Southern California Research Center for ALPD and Cirrhosis, Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Wang S, Jiang L, Han Y, Chew SH, Ohara Y, Akatsuka S, Weng L, Kawaguchi K, Fukui T, Sekido Y, Yokoi K, Toyokuni S. Urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor promotes proliferation and invasion with reduced cisplatin sensitivity in malignant mesothelioma. Oncotarget 2016; 7:69565-69578. [PMID: 27602956 PMCID: PMC5342498 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is a rare neoplasm associated with asbestos exposure. The prognosis of MM is poor because it is aggressive and highly resistant to chemotherapy. Using a rat model of asbestos-induced MM, we found elevated urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR; Plaur) expression in rat tissues, which was associated with poor prognosis. The proliferation, migration and invasion of MM cells were suppressed by uPAR knockdown and increased by overexpression experiments, irrespective of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA; Plau) levels. More importantly, we found that uPAR expression is associated with sensitivity to cisplatin in MM through the PI3K/AKT pathway, which was demonstrated with specific inhibitors, LY294002 and Akti-1/2. uPAR knockdown significantly increased sensitivity to cisplatin whereas its overexpression significantly decreased cisplatin sensitivity. Furthermore, sera and tissues from MM patients showed significantly high uPAR levels, which suggested the pathogenic role of uPAR in the tumor biology of human MM. In conclusion, our findings indicate that uPAR levels are associated with malignant characteristics and cisplatin sensitivity of MM. In addition to the potential use of uPAR as a prognostic marker, the combination of uPAR abrogation and cisplatin may reveal a promising therapeutic approach for MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenqi Wang
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466–8550, Japan
| | - Li Jiang
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466–8550, Japan
| | - Yipeng Han
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466–8550, Japan
| | - Shan Hwu Chew
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466–8550, Japan
| | - Yuuki Ohara
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466–8550, Japan
| | - Shinya Akatsuka
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466–8550, Japan
| | - Liang Weng
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466–8550, Japan
| | - Koji Kawaguchi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466–8550, Japan
| | - Takayuki Fukui
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466–8550, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Sekido
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466–8550, Japan
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, 464–8681, Japan
| | - Kohei Yokoi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466–8550, Japan
| | - Shinya Toyokuni
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466–8550, Japan
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Toyokuni S. Oxidative stress as an iceberg in carcinogenesis and cancer biology. Arch Biochem Biophys 2016; 595:46-9. [PMID: 27095214 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2015.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 06/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
After the conquest of numerous infectious diseases, the average life span for humans has been enormously prolonged, reaching more than 80 years in many developed countries. However, cancer is one of the top causes of death, and its incidence continues to increase in many countries, including Japan. I was deeply influenced during my career as a cancer researcher by the concept of oxidative stress, which was established by Helmut Sies in 1985. I have no doubt that oxidative stress is a major cause of carcinogenesis in humans but that other factors and chemicals modify it. Notably, established cancer cells are more oxidatively stressed than their non-tumorous counterparts are, and this stress may be associated with selection under oxidative stress and, thus, faster proliferation compared with non-tumorous cells. For cancer prevention, both avoidance of specific risks that are associated with genetic susceptibility and decreasing oxidative stress in general should delay carcinogenesis. For cancer therapy, individualization and precision medicine require further research in the future. In addition to the currently burgeoning array of humanized antibodies and protein kinase inhibitors, novel methods to increase oxidative stress only in cancer cells would be helpful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Toyokuni
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan.
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Shi L, Wang Y, Ito F, Okazaki Y, Tanaka H, Mizuno M, Hori M, Richardson DR, Toyokuni S. Biphasic effects of l-ascorbate on the tumoricidal activity of non-thermal plasma against malignant mesothelioma cells. Arch Biochem Biophys 2016; 605:109-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2016.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Salamatipour A, Mohanty SK, Pietrofesa RA, Vann DR, Christofidou-Solomidou M, Willenbring JK. Asbestos Fiber Preparation Methods Affect Fiber Toxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LETTERS 2016; 3:270-274. [PMID: 27540559 PMCID: PMC4985249 DOI: 10.1021/acs.estlett.6b00174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
To measure the toxic potential of asbestos fibers-a known cause of asbestosis, lung cancer, and malignant mesothelioma-asbestos minerals are generally first ground down to small fibers, but it is unknown whether the grinding condition itself changes the fiber toxicity. To evaluate this, we ground chrysotile ore with or without water for 5-30 min and quantified asbestos-induced reactive oxygen species generation in elicited murine peritoneal macrophages as an indicator of fiber toxicity. The toxicity of dry-ground fibers was higher than the toxicity of wet-ground fibers. Grinding with or without water did not materially alter the mineralogical properties. However, dry-ground fibers contained at least 7 times more iron than wet-ground fibers. These results indicate that grinding methods significantly affect the surface concentration of iron, resulting in changes in fiber-induced reactive oxygen species generation or toxicity. Therefore, fiber preparation conditions should be accounted for when comparing the toxicity of asbestos fibers between reported studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashkan Salamatipour
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine and the Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 3450 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Sanjay K. Mohanty
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Pennsylvania, 240 South 33rd St., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Ralph A. Pietrofesa
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine and the Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 3450 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - David R. Vann
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Pennsylvania, 240 South 33rd St., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Melpo Christofidou-Solomidou
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine and the Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 3450 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Jane K. Willenbring
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Pennsylvania, 240 South 33rd St., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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