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Abstract
Type 2 immunity mediates protective responses to helminths and pathological responses to allergens, but it also has broad roles in the maintenance of tissue integrity, including wound repair. Type 2 cytokines are known to promote fibrosis, an overzealous repair response, but their contribution to healthy wound repair is less well understood. This review discusses the evidence that the canonical type 2 cytokines, IL-4 and IL-13, are integral to the tissue repair process through two main pathways. First, essential for the progression of effective tissue repair, IL-4 and IL-13 suppress the initial inflammatory response to injury. Second, these cytokines regulate how the extracellular matrix is modified, broken down, and rebuilt for effective repair. IL-4 and/or IL-13 amplifies multiple aspects of the tissue repair response, but many of these pathways are highly redundant and can be induced by other signals. Therefore, the exact contribution of IL-4Rα signaling remains difficult to unravel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith E Allen
- Lydia Becker Institute for Immunology and Inflammation and Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom;
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2
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Guo M, Wang Z, Dai J, Fan H, Yuan N, Gao L, Peng H, Cheng X. Glycyrrhizic acid alleviates liver fibrosis in vitro and in vivo via activating CUGBP1-mediated IFN-γ/STAT1/Smad7 pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 112:154587. [PMID: 36805480 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatic fibrosis, a common pathological feature of chronic liver injuries, is a serious public health problem and lacks effective therapy. Glycyrrhizic acid (GA) is a bioactive ingredient in the root of traditional Chinese medicine licorice, and exhibits remarkable anti-viral, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective actions. PURPOSE Here we aimed to investigated whether GA provided a therapeutic efficacy in hepatic fibrosis and uncover its molecular mechanisms. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS We investigated the anti-fibrosis effects of GA using CCl4-induced mouse mode of liver fibrosis as well as TGF-β1-activated human LX-2 cells and primary hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). CUGBP1-mediated IFN-γ/STAT1/Smad7 signaling was examined with immunofluorescence staining and western blot analysis. We designed and studied the binding of GA to CUGBP1 using in silico docking, and validated by microscale thermophoresis (MST) assay. RESULTS GA obviously attenuated CCl4-induced liver histological damage, and reduced serum ALT and AST levels. Meanwhile, GA decreased liver fibrogenesis markers such as α-SMA, collagen α1, HA, COL-III, and LN in the hepatic tissues. Mechanistically, GA remarkably elevated the levels of IFN-γ, p-STAT1, Smad7, and decreased CUGBP1 in vivo and in vitro. Over-expression of CUGBP1 completely abolished the anti-fibrotic effect of GA and regulation on IFN-γ/STAT1/Smad7 pathway in LX-2 cells and primary HSCs, confirming CUGBP1 played a pivotal role in the protection by GA from liver fibrosis. Further molecular docking and MST assay indicated that GA had a good binding affinity with the CUGBP1 protein. The dissociation constant (Kd) of GA and CUGBP1 was 0.293 μM. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated for the first time that GA attenuated liver fibrosis and hepatic stellate cell activation by promoting CUGBP1-mediated IFN-γ/STAT1/Smad7 signalling pathways. GA may be a potential candidate compound for preventing or reliving liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manman Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Kunshan Hospital affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Kunshan, 215300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhongda Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, China
| | - Jinya Dai
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, China
| | - Haizhen Fan
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, China
| | - Ningning Yuan
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, China
| | - Liming Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kunshan Hospital affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Kunshan, 215300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huiping Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kunshan Hospital affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Kunshan, 215300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaolan Cheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China; School of Chinese Medicine & School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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Tang L, Kang S, Yan W, Yu Y, Li J, Wang W, Ma Z, Fan X, Sun L. Low intensity pulsed ultrasound reduces liver inflammation caused by fatigue exercise. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2023; 153:1375. [PMID: 36859127 DOI: 10.1121/10.0017355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) has been shown to have many benefits, such as inhibiting inflammation, stimulating cell proliferation and differentiation, promoting angiogenesis, and so on. So, can exercise fatigue induced liver inflammation be effectively relieved by LIPUS? If possible, what is the possible mechanism? This study first investigated the effect of different intensity exercise on liver inflammation. Rats were divided into three groups: normal control group, exercise fatigue group, and aerobic exercise group. The results showed that aerobic exercise increases both anti-inflammatory factors and pro-inflammatory factors, while fatigue exercise decreases anti-inflammatory factors and increases pro-inflammatory factors, leading to severe liver injury and fibrosis. Then, we investigated the therapeutic effect of LIPUS on liver inflammation caused by exercise fatigue. Starting from the 6th week, the liver was irradiated with LIPUS of 80 mW/cm2 for 20 min/d after daily exercise for 7 weeks. The results showed that LIPUS significantly decreased liver injury and fibrosis, significantly up-regulated the expression of STAT6, IL-13, and its receptors IL-13Rα1, and down regulated the expression of NF-κBp65 in exercise fatigue rats. These results indicate that LIPUS can reduce fatigue-induced liver inflammation, and the mechanism is related to the regulation of the IL-13/STAT6/NF-κBp65 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Tang
- Institute of Sports Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Sufang Kang
- Institute of Sports Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Wenkang Yan
- Institute of Sports Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Yanan Yu
- Institute of Sports Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Jiaxiang Li
- Institute of Sports Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Wanzhao Wang
- Institute of Sports Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Zhanke Ma
- Institute of Sports Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Xiushan Fan
- Institute of Sports Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Lijun Sun
- Institute of Sports Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
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Matsuzaki S, Pouly JL, Canis M. IL-10 is not anti-fibrotic but pro-fibrotic in endometriosis: IL-10 treatment of endometriotic stromal cells in vitro promotes myofibroblast proliferation and collagen type I protein expression. Hum Reprod 2023; 38:14-29. [PMID: 36413036 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deac248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Is interleukin-10 (IL-10) anti-fibrotic in endometriosis? SUMMARY ANSWER IL-10 is not anti-fibrotic but pro-fibrotic in endometriosis, because IL-10 treatment of endometriotic stromal cells in vitro promotes myofibroblast proliferation and collagen type I protein expression. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY We previously showed that persistent activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) via IL-6 trans-signaling promotes fibrosis of endometriosis. Studies showed marked anti-fibrotic effects of IL-10 via the STAT3 signaling pathway, which is generally considered to be anti-inflammatory, in various organs. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Endometrial and/or endometriotic samples of 54 patients who had histological evidence of deep endometriosis, and endometrial samples from 30 healthy fertile women were analyzed. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS The effects of IL-10/STAT3 signaling as well as inhibition of STAT3 activation by knockdown of STAT3 gene on the pro-fibrotic phenotype in endometrial and endometriotic stromal cells in vitro were investigated. Then, the effects of various time points of IL-10 treatment in combination with transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and/or IL-6/soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R) on the profibrotic phenotype of endometrial and endometriotic stromal cells were investigated. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE IL-10 induced pro-fibrotic phenotype (cell proliferation, collagen type I synthesis, α-smooth muscle actin positive stress fibers and collagen gel contraction) of endometriotic stromal cells. Knockdown of STAT3 gene decreased the IL-10 induced pro-fibrotic phenotype of endometriotic stromal cells. In contrast, IL-10 had no significant effects on pro-fibrotic phenotype of endometrial stromal cells of healthy women. Sequential IL-10 treatment with or without TGF-β1 and/or IL-6/sIL-6R induced persistent activation of STAT3 and significantly increased proliferation of myofibroblasts (cells with α-smooth muscle actin positive stress fibers) and protein expression of collagen type I in endometriotic stromal cells. TGF-β1 and/or IL-6/sIL6RIL-6/sIL6R treatment significantly increased tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP1) protein expression, whereas IL-10 had no significant effects. Knockdown of STAT3 gene significantly decreased the TGF-β1 and/or IL-6/sIL6R induced TIMP1 protein expression. In contrast, pre-treatment with IL-10 before TGF-β1 and/or IL-6/sIL-6R treatment and sequential IL-10 treatment with or without TGF-β1 and/or IL-6/sIL-6R significantly decreased proliferation of fibroblasts (cells without α-smooth muscle actin positive stress fibers) and collagen type I protein expression in endometrial stromal cells of healthy women. LARGE SCALE DATA N/A. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Given the large number of complex interactions and signaling pathways of pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators that are involved in the pathophysiology of endometriosis, the present study investigated only a very small portion of the whole. Further in vivo studies are required to validate the present findings. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Inflammatory mediators in the pathophysiology of endometriosis have been extensively investigated as potential therapeutic targets. However, the present study showed that anti-inflammatory signals of IL-10 and IL-6 through persistent STAT3 activation may promote endometriosis fibrosis. Therapeutic strategies, such as suppression of 'inflammation', might dysregulate the cross-regulation of 'pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators', leading to detrimental effects in patients with endometriosis, such as fibrosis. To develop new, but not deleterious, therapeutic strategies, studies are required to investigate whether, how and what 'anti-inflammatory mediators' along with pro-inflammatory mediators are involved in individual patients with endometriosis. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This study was supported in part by KARL STORZ SE & Co. KG (Tuttlingen, Germany). The authors have no conflict of interest to disclose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachiko Matsuzaki
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Chirurgie Gynécologique, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Université Clermont Auvergne, Institut Pascal, UMR6602, CNRS/UCA/SIGMA, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jean-Luc Pouly
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Chirurgie Gynécologique, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Université Clermont Auvergne, Institut Pascal, UMR6602, CNRS/UCA/SIGMA, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Michel Canis
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Chirurgie Gynécologique, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Université Clermont Auvergne, Institut Pascal, UMR6602, CNRS/UCA/SIGMA, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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5
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Pan S, Li S, Zhan Y, Chen X, Sun M, Liu X, Wu B, Li Z, Liu B. Immune status for monitoring and treatment of bladder cancer. Front Immunol 2022; 13:963877. [PMID: 36159866 PMCID: PMC9492838 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.963877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The high recurrence rate of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (BC) and poor prognosis of advanced BC are therapeutic challenges that need to be solved. Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) perfusion was the pioneer immunotherapy for early BC, and the discovery of immune checkpoint inhibitors has created a new chapter in the treatment of advanced BC. The benefit of immunotherapy is highly anticipated, but its effectiveness still needs to be improved. In this review, we collated and analysed the currently available information and explored the mechaisms by which the internal immune imbalance of BC leads to tumour progression. The relationship between immunity and progression and the prognosis of BC has been explored through tests using body fluids such as blood and urine. These analytical tests have attempted to identify specific immuyne cells and cytokines to predict treatment outcomes and recurrence. The diversity and proportion of immune and matrix cells in BC determine the heterogeneity and immune status of tumours. The role and classification of immune cells have also been redefined, e.g., CD4 cells having recognised cytotoxicity in BC. Type 2 immunity, including that mediated by M2 macrophages, Th2 cells, and interleukin (IL)-13, plays an important role in the recurrence and progression of BC. Pathological fibrosis, activated by type 2 immunity and cancer cells, enhances the rate of cancer progression and irreversibility. Elucidating the immune status of BC and clarifying the mechanisms of action of different cells in the tumour microenvironment is the research direction to be explored in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Pan
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shijie Li
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yunhong Zhan
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaonan Chen
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ming Sun
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xuefeng Liu
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bin Wu
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhenhua Li
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bitian Liu
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Bitian Liu, ;
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Kokubo K, Onodera A, Kiuchi M, Tsuji K, Hirahara K, Nakayama T. Conventional and pathogenic Th2 cells in inflammation, tissue repair, and fibrosis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:945063. [PMID: 36016937 PMCID: PMC9395650 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.945063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 helper T (Th2) cells, a subset of CD4+ T cells, play an important role in the host defense against pathogens and allergens by producing Th2 cytokines, such as interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-5, and IL-13, to trigger inflammatory responses. Emerging evidence reveals that Th2 cells also contribute to the repair of injured tissues after inflammatory reactions. However, when the tissue repair process becomes chronic, excessive, or uncontrolled, pathological fibrosis is induced, leading to organ failure and death. Thus, proper control of Th2 cells is needed for complete tissue repair without the induction of fibrosis. Recently, the existence of pathogenic Th2 (Tpath2) cells has been revealed. Tpath2 cells produce large amounts of Th2 cytokines and induce type 2 inflammation when activated by antigen exposure or tissue injury. In recent studies, Tpath2 cells are suggested to play a central role in the induction of type 2 inflammation whereas the role of Tpath2 cells in tissue repair and fibrosis has been less reported in comparison to conventional Th2 cells. In this review, we discuss the roles of conventional Th2 cells and pathogenic Th2 cells in the sequence of tissue inflammation, repair, and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kota Kokubo
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Atsushi Onodera
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Institute for Advanced Academic Research, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kiuchi
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kaori Tsuji
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Hirahara
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- *Correspondence: Kiyoshi Hirahara, ; Toshinori Nakayama,
| | - Toshinori Nakayama
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- AMED-CREST, AMED, Chiba, Japan
- *Correspondence: Kiyoshi Hirahara, ; Toshinori Nakayama,
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Medrano-Garcia S, Morales-Cano D, Barreira B, Vera-Zambrano A, Kumar R, Kosanovic D, Schermuly RT, Graham BB, Perez-Vizcaino F, Mathie A, Savai R, Pullamseti S, Butrous G, Fernández-Malavé E, Cogolludo A. HIV and Schistosoma Co-Exposure Leads to Exacerbated Pulmonary Endothelial Remodeling and Dysfunction Associated with Altered Cytokine Landscape. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152414. [PMID: 35954255 PMCID: PMC9368261 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV and Schistosoma infections have been individually associated with pulmonary vascular disease. Co-infection with these pathogens is very common in tropical areas, with an estimate of six million people co-infected worldwide. However, the effects of HIV and Schistosoma co-exposure on the pulmonary vasculature and its impact on the development of pulmonary vascular disease are largely unknown. Here, we have approached these questions by using a non-infectious animal model based on lung embolization of Schistosoma mansoni eggs in HIV-1 transgenic (HIV) mice. Schistosome-exposed HIV mice but not wild-type (Wt) counterparts showed augmented pulmonary arterial pressure associated with markedly suppressed endothelial-dependent vasodilation, increased endothelial remodeling and vessel obliterations, formation of plexiform-like lesions and a higher degree of perivascular fibrosis. In contrast, medial wall muscularization was similarly increased in both types of mice. Moreover, HIV mice displayed an impaired immune response to parasite eggs in the lung, as suggested by decreased pulmonary leukocyte infiltration, small-sized granulomas, and augmented residual egg burden. Notably, vascular changes in co-exposed mice were associated with increased expression of proinflammatory and profibrotic cytokines, including IFN-γ and IL-17A in CD4+ and γδ T cells and IL-13 in myeloid cells. Collectively, our study shows for the first time that combined pulmonary persistence of HIV proteins and Schistosoma eggs, as it may occur in co-infected people, alters the cytokine landscape and targets the vascular endothelium for aggravated pulmonary vascular pathology. Furthermore, it provides an experimental model for the understanding of pulmonary vascular disease associated with HIV and Schistosoma co-morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Medrano-Garcia
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Member of the Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Institute for Lung Health (ILH), Justus Liebig University, 35305 Giessen, Germany
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, Complutense University School of Medicine and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Morales-Cano
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Respiratorias, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (D.M.-C.); (A.C.); Tel.: +34-913947120 (A.C.)
| | - Bianca Barreira
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Respiratorias, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alba Vera-Zambrano
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Respiratorias, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Djuro Kosanovic
- Department of Pulmonology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ralph Theo Schermuly
- Department of internal Medicine, Justus-Liebig University, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 35305 Giessen, Germany
| | - Brian B. Graham
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Francisco Perez-Vizcaino
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Respiratorias, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alistair Mathie
- Medway School of Pharmacy, University of Kent and University of Greenwich, Chatham ME4 4BF, UK
| | - Rajkumar Savai
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Member of the Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Institute for Lung Health (ILH), Justus Liebig University, 35305 Giessen, Germany
- Department of internal Medicine, Justus-Liebig University, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 35305 Giessen, Germany
| | - Soni Pullamseti
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Member of the Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Institute for Lung Health (ILH), Justus Liebig University, 35305 Giessen, Germany
- Department of internal Medicine, Justus-Liebig University, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 35305 Giessen, Germany
| | - Ghazwan Butrous
- Medway School of Pharmacy, University of Kent and University of Greenwich, Chatham ME4 4BF, UK
| | - Edgar Fernández-Malavé
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, Complutense University School of Medicine and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Angel Cogolludo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Respiratorias, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (D.M.-C.); (A.C.); Tel.: +34-913947120 (A.C.)
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Chuliá-Peris L, Carreres-Rey C, Gabasa M, Alcaraz J, Carretero J, Pereda J. Matrix Metalloproteinases and Their Inhibitors in Pulmonary Fibrosis: EMMPRIN/CD147 Comes into Play. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23136894. [PMID: 35805895 PMCID: PMC9267107 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23136894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is characterized by aberrant extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition, activation of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts and parenchymal disorganization, which have an impact on the biomechanical traits of the lung. In this context, the balance between matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) is lost. Interestingly, several MMPs are overexpressed during PF and exhibit a clear profibrotic role (MMP-2, -3, -8, -11, -12 and -28), but a few are antifibrotic (MMP-19), have both profibrotic and antifibrotic capacity (MMP7), or execute an unclear (MMP-1, -9, -10, -13, -14) or unknown function. TIMPs are also overexpressed in PF; hence, the modulation and function of MMPs and TIMP are more complex than expected. EMMPRIN/CD147 (also known as basigin) is a transmembrane glycoprotein from the immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF) that was first described to induce MMP activity in fibroblasts. It also interacts with other molecules to execute non-related MMP aactions well-described in cancer progression, migration, and invasion. Emerging evidence strongly suggests that CD147 plays a key role in PF not only by MMP induction but also by stimulating fibroblast myofibroblast transition. In this review, we study the structure and function of MMPs, TIMPs and CD147 in PF and their complex crosstalk between them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes Chuliá-Peris
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain; (L.C.-P.); (C.C.-R.); (J.C.)
| | - Cristina Carreres-Rey
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain; (L.C.-P.); (C.C.-R.); (J.C.)
| | - Marta Gabasa
- Unit of Biophysics and Bioengineering, Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (M.G.); (J.A.)
| | - Jordi Alcaraz
- Unit of Biophysics and Bioengineering, Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (M.G.); (J.A.)
- Thoracic Oncology Unit, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julián Carretero
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain; (L.C.-P.); (C.C.-R.); (J.C.)
| | - Javier Pereda
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain; (L.C.-P.); (C.C.-R.); (J.C.)
- Correspondence:
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9
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Abstract
A principal purpose of type 2 immunity was thought to be defense against large parasites, but it also functions in the restoration of homeostasis, such as toxin clearance following snake bites. In other cases, like allergy, the type 2 T helper (Th2) cytokines and cells present in the environment are detrimental and cause diseases. In recent years, the recognition of cell heterogeneity within Th2-associated cell populations has revealed specific functions of cells with a particular phenotype or gene signature. In addition, here we discuss the recent data regarding heterogeneity of type 2 immunity-related cells, as well as their newly identified role in a variety of processes ranging from involvement in respiratory viral infections [especially in the context of the recent COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic] to control of cancer development or of metabolic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamida Hammad
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology and Immunoregulation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium; .,Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nincy Debeuf
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology and Immunoregulation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium; .,Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Helena Aegerter
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology and Immunoregulation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium; .,Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Andrew S Brown
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology and Immunoregulation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium; .,Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bart N Lambrecht
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology and Immunoregulation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium; .,Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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10
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García-Fojeda B, Minutti CM, Montero-Fernández C, Stamme C, Casals C. Signaling Pathways That Mediate Alveolar Macrophage Activation by Surfactant Protein A and IL-4. Front Immunol 2022; 13:860262. [PMID: 35444643 PMCID: PMC9014242 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.860262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of tissue repair program in macrophages requires the integration of IL-4/IL-13 cytokines and tissue-specific signals. In the lung, surfactant protein A (SP-A) is a tissue factor that amplifies IL-4Rα-dependent alternative activation and proliferation of alveolar macrophages (AMs) through the myosin18A receptor. However, the mechanism by which SP-A and IL-4 synergistically increase activation and proliferation of AMs is unknown. Here we show that SP-A amplifies IL-4-mediated phosphorylation of STAT6 and Akt by binding to myosin18A. Blocking PI3K activity or the myosin18A receptor abrogates SP-A´s amplifying effects on IL-4 signaling. SP-A alone activates Akt, mTORC1, and PKCζ and inactivates GSK3α/β by phosphorylation, but it cannot activate arginase-1 activity or AM proliferation on its own. The combined effects of IL-4 and SP-A on the mTORC1 and GSK3 branches of PI3K-Akt signaling contribute to increased AM proliferation and alternative activation, as revealed by pharmacological inhibition of Akt (inhibitor VIII) and mTORC1 (rapamycin and torin). On the other hand, the IL-4+SP-A-driven PKCζ signaling axis appears to intersect PI3K activation with STAT6 phosphorylation to achieve more efficient alternative activation of AMs. Consistent with IL-4+SP-A-driven activation of mTORC1 and mTORC2, both agonists synergistically increased mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis in AMs, which are necessary for production of energy and metabolic intermediates for proliferation and alternative activation. We conclude that SP-A signaling in AMs activates PI3K-dependent branched pathways that amplify IL-4 actions on cell proliferation and the acquisition of AM effector functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belén García-Fojeda
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos M Minutti
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Montero-Fernández
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cordula Stamme
- Division of Cellular Pneumology, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany.,Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Cristina Casals
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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11
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Liu Z, Xu B, Ding Y, Ding X, Yang Z. Guizhi Fuling pill attenuates liver fibrosis in vitro and in vivo via inhibiting TGF-β1/Smad2/3 and activating IFN-γ/Smad7 signaling pathways. Bioengineered 2022; 13:9357-9368. [PMID: 35387552 PMCID: PMC9161976 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2054224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis resulting from chronic liver injuries (CLI) is a common health problem globally. Guizhi Fuling pill (GZFL), a modern preparation from traditional Chinese medicine, exhibited anti-dysmenorrhea, anti-inflammatory, and immune-regulative effects. However, the effect of GZFL on liver fibrosis remains unknown. In this research, LX-2 cells were stimulated with acetaldehyde for mimicking liver fibrosis progression in vitro. In addition, carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced mouse model of liver fibrosis was established as well. The data revealed GZFL obviously suppressed the proliferation and triggered the apoptosis of acetaldehyde-stimulated LX-2 cells. In addition, GZFL prevented acetaldehyde-induced activation of LX-2 cells via downregulation of TGF-β1, p-Smad2, p-Smad3, CUGBP1, and upregulation of p-STAT1 and Smad7. Meanwhile, GZFL significantly alleviated CCl4‑induced liver fibrosis, as evidenced by the decrease of ALT and AST levels. Moreover, GZFL downregulated the expressions of TGF-β1, p-Smad2, p-Smad3, and CUGBP1 in CCl4-treated mice. Furthermore, GZFL remarkably elevated the levels of IFN-γ, p-STAT1, and Smad7 in CCl4-treated mice. To sum up, GZFL was able to inhibit liver fibrosis in vitro and in vivo through suppressing TGF-β1/Smad2/3-CUGBP1 signaling and activating IFN-γ/STAT1/Smad7 signaling. Thus, GZFL might have a potential to act as a therapeutic agent for anti-fibrotic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongliang Liu
- Department of Oncology, Zhoushan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Affiliated to Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Zhoushan, P.R. China
| | - Baogui Xu
- School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Yaping Ding
- Department of Nutrition, Zhoushan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Affiliated to Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Zhoushan, P.R. China
| | - Xianjun Ding
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhoushan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Affiliated to Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Zhoushan, P.R. China.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhoushan Hospital, P.R. China
| | - Zuisu Yang
- School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
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12
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Yu X, Zhang Y, Xu F, Dong D, Wang W, Wu X. Screening of immune-enhancing Lactobacillus in mice by using a cell-line. J Microbiol Methods 2021; 192:106380. [PMID: 34813868 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2021.106380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we found that it is possible to screen Lactobacillus strains that enhance the immune function of mice using HCT-8 cells. Lactobacillus were co-incubated with intestinal epithelial HCT-8 cells to detect and screen the strains that induced more interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the culture supernatant. Simultaneously, a mouse model of low immunity was established to administer the screened lactobacilli by gavage. After 4 weeks of continuous gavage, related cytokines in blood and immune cell indexes in organs were detected to comprehensively evaluate the feasibility of in vitro cell culture model for screening immune-enhancing strains. The content of IL-6 in the culture supernatant of HCT-8 cells induced by the three tested strains increased approximately 5, 8 and 15 fold compared with that of the control group. IL-6 content in serum of mice was significantly higher than that of the control group provided with cyclophosphamide (CTX). Lactobacillus paracasei ZLPC01 presented a higher ability to protect against the immune damage of CTX by decreasing the serum IgG level, increasing the transformation of mouse splenocytes, and the activity of NK cells. Furthermore, L. paracasei ZLPC01 increased cytokine content in serum (IL-6, IL-2, TNF-α and IFN-γ) and colon (IL-6 and TNF-α) in CTX-treated mice. Screening strains that enhance immunity via an in vitro cell-line is simple in operation, and the results are well correlated with those of animal experiments, which is feasible and effective in practice. In addition, L. paracasei ZLPC01 could have the potential to enhance the immunity of mice effectively through inducing intestinal cells to produce IL-6, TNF-α and other cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Yu
- Jiangxi-Oai Joint Research institute, College of Basic Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, PR China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Jiangxi-Oai Joint Research institute, College of Basic Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, PR China
| | - Feng Xu
- Jiangxi-Oai Joint Research institute, College of Basic Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, PR China
| | - Degang Dong
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, P. R. China State
| | - Wanchun Wang
- College of Basic Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, P. R. China State.
| | - Xiaoli Wu
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, P. R. China State.
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13
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Eosinophils participate in modulation of liver immune response and tissue damage induced by Schistosoma mansoni infection in mice. Cytokine 2021; 149:155701. [PMID: 34741881 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The severity of chronic schistosomiasis has been mainly associated with the intensity and extension of the inflammatory response induced by egg-secreted antigens in the host tissue, especially in the liver and intestine. During acute schistosomiasis, eosinophils account for approximately 50% of the cells that compose the liver granulomas; however, the role of this cell-type in the pathology of schistosomiasis remains controversial. In the current study, we compared the parasite burden and liver immunopathological changes during experimental schistosomiasis in wild-type (WT) BALB/c mice and BALB/c mice selectively deficient for the differentiation of eosinophils (ΔdblGATA). Our data demonstrated that the absence of eosinophil differentiation did not alter the S. mansoni load or the liver retention of parasite eggs; however, there were significant changes in the liver immune response profile and tissue damage. S. mansoni infection in ΔdblGATA mice resulted in significantly lower liver concentrations of IL-5, IL-13, IL-33, IL-17, IL-10, and TGF-β and higher concentrations of IFN-γ and TNF-α, as compared to WT mice. The changes in liver immune response observed in infected ΔdblGATA mice were accompanied by lower collagen deposition, but higher liver damage and larger granulomas. Moreover, the absence of eosinophils resulted in a higher mortality rate in mice infected with a high parasite load. Therefore, the data indicated that eosinophils participate in the establishment and/or amplification of liver Th-2 and regulatory response induced by S. mansoni, which is necessary for the balance between liver damage and fibrosis, which in turn is essential for modulating disease severity.
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14
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Yue L, Shi Y, Su X, Ouyang L, Wang G, Ye T. Matrix metalloproteinases inhibitors in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: Medicinal chemistry perspectives. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 224:113714. [PMID: 34315043 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a lethal disease with limited therapeutic options and a particularly poor prognosis. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), promising targets for the treatment of IPF, have been identified as playing a pivotal role in IPF. Although the pathological processes of MMPs and IPF have been verified, there are no MMP inhibitors for the treatment of IPF in the clinic. In this review, we will present the latest developments in MMP inhibitors, including pharmacophores, binding modes, selectivity and optimization strategies. In addition, we will also discuss the future development direction of MMP inhibitors based on emerging tools and techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yue
- Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Yaojie Shi
- Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Xingping Su
- Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Liang Ouyang
- Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Guan Wang
- Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China; Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Tinghong Ye
- Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
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15
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Sikkeland LIB, Qiao SW, Ueland T, Myrdal O, Wyrożemski Ł, Aukrust P, Jahnsen FL, Sjåheim T, Kongerud J, Molberg Ø, Lund MB, Bækkevold ES. Lung CD4+ T-cells in patients with lung fibrosis produce pro-fibrotic interleukin-13 together with interferon-γ. Eur Respir J 2021; 57:13993003.00983-2020. [PMID: 33154027 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00983-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liv I B Sikkeland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway .,Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Shuo-Wang Qiao
- Dept of Immunology, Centre for Immune Regulation, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen, Coeliac Disease Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thor Ueland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen, TREC, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ole Myrdal
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Łukasz Wyrożemski
- K.G. Jebsen, Coeliac Disease Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pål Aukrust
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen, TREC, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway.,Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Frode L Jahnsen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Dept of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tone Sjåheim
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Johny Kongerud
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Øyvind Molberg
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Dept of Rheumatology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - May Brit Lund
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Espen S Bækkevold
- Dept of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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16
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Santana JB, de Almeida TVVS, Lopes DM, Page B, Oliveira SC, Souza I, Ribeiro LEVS, Gutiérrez NAG, Carvalho EM, Cardoso LS. Phenotypic Characterization of CD4 + T Lymphocytes in Periportal Fibrosis Secondary to Schistosomiasis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:605235. [PMID: 33692784 PMCID: PMC7937650 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.605235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease that affects about 166 million people around the world. It is estimated that 5%-10% of individuals with schistosomiasis develop severe forms of the disease, which are characterized by pulmonary hypertension, ascites, periportal fibrosis, and other significant complications. The chronic phase of the disease is associated with a Th2 type immune response, but evidence also suggests there are roles for Th1 and Th17 in the development of severe disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the CD4+ T lymphocyte profile of patients with different degrees of periportal fibrosis secondary to schistosomiasis. These individuals had been treated for schistosomiasis, but since they live in a S. mansoni endemic area, they are at risk of reinfection. They were evaluated in relation to the degree of periportal fibrosis and classified into three groups: without fibrosis or with incipient fibrosis (WF/IFNE), n=12, possible periportal fibrosis/periportal fibrosis, n=13, and advanced periportal fibrosis/advanced periportal fibrosis with portal hypertension, n=4. We observed in the group without fibrosis a balance between the low expression of Th2 cytokines and high expression of T reg cells. As has already been described in the literature, we found an increase of the Th2 cytokines IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 in the group with periportal fibrosis. In addition, this group showed higher expression of IL-17 and IL-10 but lower IL-10/IL-13 ratio than patients in the WF/IFNE group. Cells from individuals who present any level of fibrosis expressed more TGF-β compared to the WF/IFNE group and a positive correlation with left lobe enlargement and portal vein wall thickness. There was a negative correlation between IL-17 and the thickness of the portal vein wall, but more studies are necessary in order to explore the possible protective role of this cytokine. Despite the fibrosis group having presented a higher expression of pro-fibrotic molecules compared to WF/IFNE patients, it seems there is a regulation through IL-10 and T reg cells that is able to maintain the low morbidity of this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordana Batista Santana
- Serviço de Imunologia, Hospital Universitário Professor Edgard Santos, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | - Diego Mota Lopes
- Serviço de Imunologia, Hospital Universitário Professor Edgard Santos, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Brady Page
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sergio Costa Oliveira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Doenças Tropicais (INCT–DT/CNPq), Salvador, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Edgar M. Carvalho
- Serviço de Imunologia, Hospital Universitário Professor Edgard Santos, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Doenças Tropicais (INCT–DT/CNPq), Salvador, Brazil
- Laboratório de Pesquisas Clínicas, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Brazil
| | - Luciana Santos Cardoso
- Serviço de Imunologia, Hospital Universitário Professor Edgard Santos, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Doenças Tropicais (INCT–DT/CNPq), Salvador, Brazil
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Brazil
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17
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Transforming Growth Factor-β Signaling in Fibrotic Diseases and Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10121666. [PMID: 33322749 PMCID: PMC7763058 DOI: 10.3390/biom10121666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling is essential in embryo development and maintaining normal homeostasis. Extensive evidence shows that TGF-β activation acts on several cell types, including epithelial cells, fibroblasts, and immune cells, to form a pro-fibrotic environment, ultimately leading to fibrotic diseases. TGF-β is stored in the matrix in a latent form; once activated, it promotes a fibroblast to myofibroblast transition and regulates extracellular matrix (ECM) formation and remodeling in fibrosis. TGF-β signaling can also promote cancer progression through its effects on the tumor microenvironment. In cancer, TGF-β contributes to the generation of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) that have different molecular and cellular properties from activated or fibrotic fibroblasts. CAFs promote tumor progression and chronic tumor fibrosis via TGF-β signaling. Fibrosis and CAF-mediated cancer progression share several common traits and are closely related. In this review, we consider how TGF-β promotes fibrosis and CAF-mediated cancer progression. We also discuss recent evidence suggesting TGF-β inhibition as a defense against fibrotic disorders or CAF-mediated cancer progression to highlight the potential implications of TGF-β-targeted therapies for fibrosis and cancer.
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18
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Henderson NC, Rieder F, Wynn TA. Fibrosis: from mechanisms to medicines. Nature 2020; 587:555-566. [PMID: 33239795 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2938-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 828] [Impact Index Per Article: 207.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Fibrosis can affect any organ and is responsible for up to 45% of all deaths in the industrialized world. It has long been thought to be relentlessly progressive and irreversible, but both preclinical models and clinical trials in various organ systems have shown that fibrosis is a highly dynamic process. This has clear implications for therapeutic interventions that are designed to capitalize on this inherent plasticity. However, despite substantial progress in our understanding of the pathobiology of fibrosis, a translational gap remains between the identification of putative antifibrotic targets and conversion of this knowledge into effective treatments in humans. Here we discuss the transformative experimental strategies that are being leveraged to dissect the key cellular and molecular mechanisms that regulate fibrosis, and the translational approaches that are enabling the emergence of precision medicine-based therapies for patients with fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil C Henderson
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh, UK.,MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Florian Rieder
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, USA.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Thomas A Wynn
- Inflammation & Immunology Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development & Medical, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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19
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Skurikhin E, Nebolsin V, Widera D, Ermakova N, Pershina O, Pakhomova A, Krupin V, Pan E, Zhukova M, Novikov F, Sandrikina L, Morozov S, Kubatiev A, Dygai A. Antifibrotic and Regenerative Effects of Treamid in Pulmonary Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218380. [PMID: 33171668 PMCID: PMC7664690 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic progressive disease characterized by interstitial fibrosis and progressive respiratory failure. Pirfenidone and nintedanib slow down but do not stop the progression of IPF. Thus, new compounds with high antifibrotic activity and simultaneously regenerative activity are an unmet clinical need. Recently, we showed that Treamid can help restoring the pancreas and testicular tissue in mice with metabolic disorders. We hypothesized that Treamid may be effective in antifibrotic therapy and regeneration of damaged lung tissue in pulmonary fibrosis. In this study, experiments were performed on male C57BL/6 mice with bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. We applied histological and immunohistochemical methods, ELISA, and assessed the expression of markers of endothelial and epithelial cells in primary cultures of CD31+ and CD326+ lung cells. Finally, we evaluated esterase activity and apoptosis of lung cells in vitro. Our data indicate that Treamid exhibits antifibrotic activity in mice with pulmonary fibrosis and has a positive effect on capillaries of the lungs. Treamid also increases the number of endothelial progenitor cells in the lungs of animals with pulmonary fibrosis. Lastly, Treamid increases esterase activity and decreases apoptosis of CD31+ lung cells in vitro. Based on these findings, we suggest that Treamid may represent a promising compound for the development of new antifibrotic agents, which are capable of stimulating regeneration of lung endothelium in IPF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenii Skurikhin
- Laboratory of Regenerative Pharmacology, Goldberg ED Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lenin, 3, 634028 Tomsk, Russia; (N.E.); (O.P.); (A.P.); (V.K.); (E.P.); (L.S.); (A.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-3822-418-375
| | | | - Darius Widera
- Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Group, School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights campus, Reading RG6 6AP, UK;
| | - Natalia Ermakova
- Laboratory of Regenerative Pharmacology, Goldberg ED Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lenin, 3, 634028 Tomsk, Russia; (N.E.); (O.P.); (A.P.); (V.K.); (E.P.); (L.S.); (A.D.)
| | - Olga Pershina
- Laboratory of Regenerative Pharmacology, Goldberg ED Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lenin, 3, 634028 Tomsk, Russia; (N.E.); (O.P.); (A.P.); (V.K.); (E.P.); (L.S.); (A.D.)
| | - Angelina Pakhomova
- Laboratory of Regenerative Pharmacology, Goldberg ED Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lenin, 3, 634028 Tomsk, Russia; (N.E.); (O.P.); (A.P.); (V.K.); (E.P.); (L.S.); (A.D.)
| | - Vyacheslav Krupin
- Laboratory of Regenerative Pharmacology, Goldberg ED Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lenin, 3, 634028 Tomsk, Russia; (N.E.); (O.P.); (A.P.); (V.K.); (E.P.); (L.S.); (A.D.)
| | - Edgar Pan
- Laboratory of Regenerative Pharmacology, Goldberg ED Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lenin, 3, 634028 Tomsk, Russia; (N.E.); (O.P.); (A.P.); (V.K.); (E.P.); (L.S.); (A.D.)
| | - Mariia Zhukova
- Siberian State Medical University, 634028 Tomsk, Russia;
| | - Fedor Novikov
- “PHARMENTERPRISES” Ltd., 143026 Moscow, Russia; (V.N.); (F.N.)
| | - Lubov Sandrikina
- Laboratory of Regenerative Pharmacology, Goldberg ED Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lenin, 3, 634028 Tomsk, Russia; (N.E.); (O.P.); (A.P.); (V.K.); (E.P.); (L.S.); (A.D.)
| | - Sergey Morozov
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 125315 Moscow, Russia; (S.M.); (A.K.)
| | - Aslan Kubatiev
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 125315 Moscow, Russia; (S.M.); (A.K.)
| | - Alexander Dygai
- Laboratory of Regenerative Pharmacology, Goldberg ED Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lenin, 3, 634028 Tomsk, Russia; (N.E.); (O.P.); (A.P.); (V.K.); (E.P.); (L.S.); (A.D.)
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 125315 Moscow, Russia; (S.M.); (A.K.)
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20
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Wu Y, Huang M, Sun H, Zhou X, Zhou R, Gu G, Xia Q. Role of Innate Immunity in Pediatric Post-transplant Idiopathic Liver Fibrosis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:2111. [PMID: 33193293 PMCID: PMC7642407 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Pediatric post-transplant idiopathic liver fibrosis is an unexplained graft fibrosis that occurs in symptom-free children without acute rejection and surgical complications. Despite a lack of consensus on the subject, the development of pediatric post-transplant idiopathic liver fibrosis is believed to be the result of multiple potential factors, including ischemia-reperfusion injury, allogeneic acute and chronic rejection, viral hepatitis recurrence, opportunistic infection, and drug-induced liver damage. Among them, there is growing evidence that innate immunity may also have a unique role in this progression. This study reviews the features of pediatric post-transplant idiopathic liver fibrosis and discusses current studies illustrating the potential mechanisms of liver allograft tolerance induced by intrahepatic innate immunity, the role of components including Toll-like receptors (TLRs), interferons (IFN), dendritic cells (DC), natural killer cells (NK cells), NKT cells, neutrophils, and Kupffer cells, as well as their possibly relevant role in the development of pediatric post-transplant idiopathic liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wu
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingzhu Huang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haojie Sun
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiying Zhou
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruoqiao Zhou
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangxiang Gu
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Xia
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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21
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Akbar M, Garcia-Melchor E, Chilaka S, Little KJ, Sood S, Reilly JH, Liew FY, McInnes IB, Millar NL. Attenuation of Dupuytren's fibrosis via targeting of the STAT1 modulated IL-13Rα1 response. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaaz8272. [PMID: 32695877 PMCID: PMC7351483 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz8272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Fibrotic disorders represent common complex disease pathologies that are therapeutically challenging. Inflammation is associated with numerous fibrotic pathogeneses; however, its role in the multifaceted mechanisms of fibrosis remains unclear. IL-13 is implicated in aberrant responses involved in fibrotic disease, and we aimed to understand its role in the inflammatory processes of a common fibrotic disorder, Dupuytren's disease. We demonstrated T-cells produced IFN-g, which induced IL-13 secretion from mast cells and up-regulated IL-13Ra1 on fibroblasts, rendering them more reactive to IL-13. Consequently, diseased myofibroblasts demonstrated enhanced fibroproliferative effects upon IL-13 stimulation. We established IFN-g and IL-13 responses involved STAT dependent pathways, and STAT targeting (tofacitinib) could inhibit IL-13 production from mast cells, IL-13Ra1 up-regulation in fibroblasts and fibroproliferative effects of IL-13 on diseased myofibroblasts. Accordingly, utilizing Dupuytren's as an accessible human model of fibrosis, we propose targeting STAT pathways may offer previously unidentified therapeutic approaches in the management of fibrotic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moeed Akbar
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Emma Garcia-Melchor
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Sabarinadh Chilaka
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Kevin J. Little
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Govan Road, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Shatakshi Sood
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - James H. Reilly
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Foo Y. Liew
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, JS, China
| | - Iain B. McInnes
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Neal L. Millar
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
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22
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Matrix metalloproteinase: An upcoming therapeutic approach for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Pharmacol Res 2020; 152:104591. [PMID: 31837390 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Li Y, Liu J, Yu T, Yan B, Li H. Interleukin‑33 promotes obstructive renal injury via macrophages. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:1353-1362. [PMID: 31173201 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease is the outcome of most kidney diseases, and renal fibrosis is a pathological process involved in the progression of these disorders. The role of interleukin (IL)‑33 was previously investigated in fibrotic disorders affecting various organs, including liver, lungs and heart; however, its role in renal fibrosis remains unclear. Previous studies have demonstrated that macrophages are involved in obstructive renal injury. In the present study, the roles of IL‑33 and macrophages on renal fibrosis were investigated using a mouse model of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). Compared with non‑obstructed kidneys, the expression levels of IL‑33 and its receptor, interleukin 1 receptor like 1, increased after UUO. Furthermore, the infiltration of macrophages and the degree of renal fibrosis increased after treatment with IL‑33. Additionally, the expression level of arginase‑1, a marker of M2 macrophages, increased in renal tissue. After depletion of macrophages, the administration of exogenous IL‑33 was not sufficient to reverse the reduction in fibrosis caused by elimination of these cells. Collectively, the present results suggested that IL‑33 promoted renal fibrosis in UUO‑induced renal injury by regulating macrophage polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlei Li
- Health Management Medical Center, China‑Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Ting Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Bingdi Yan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Hongjun Li
- Health Management Medical Center, China‑Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
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Sciurba JC, Gieseck RL, Jiwrajka N, White SD, Karmele EP, Redes J, Vannella KM, Henderson NC, Wynn TA, Hart KM. Fibroblast-specific integrin-alpha V differentially regulates type 17 and type 2 driven inflammation and fibrosis. J Pathol 2019; 248:16-29. [PMID: 30536905 DOI: 10.1002/path.5215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Fibroproliferative diseases affect a significant proportion of the world's population. Despite this, core mechanisms driving organ fibrosis of diverse etiologies remain ill defined. Recent studies suggest that integrin-alpha V serves as a master driver of fibrosis in multiple organs. Although diverse mechanisms contribute to the progression of fibrosis, TGF-β and IL-13 have emerged as central mediators of fibrosis during type 1/type 17, and type 2 polarized inflammatory responses, respectively. To investigate if integrin-alpha V interactions or signaling is critical to the development of type 2 fibrosis, we analyzed fibroblast-specific integrin-alpha V knockout mice in three type 2-driven inflammatory disease models. While we confirmed a role for integrin-alpha V in type 17-associated fibrosis, integrin-alpha V was not critical to the development of type 2-driven fibrosis. Additionally, our studies support a novel mechanism through which fibroblasts, via integrin-alpha V expression, are capable of regulating immune polarization. We show that when integrin-alpha V is deleted on fibroblasts, initiation of type 17 inflammation is inhibited leading to a deregulation of type 2 inflammation. This mechanism is most evident in a model of severe asthma, which is characterized by a mixed type 2/type 17 inflammatory response. Together, these findings suggest dual targeting of integrin-alpha V and type 2 pathways may be needed to ameliorate fibrosis and prevent rebound of opposing pro-fibrotic and inflammatory mechanisms. Copyright © 2018 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua C Sciurba
- Immunopathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Richard L Gieseck
- Immunopathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nikhil Jiwrajka
- Immunopathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sandra D White
- Immunopathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Erik P Karmele
- Immunopathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jamie Redes
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Centre for Multiple Sclerosis Research, BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, and Centre for Immunity Infection and Evolution, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Kevin M Vannella
- Immunopathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Neil C Henderson
- Molecular Signal Transduction Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Thomas A Wynn
- Immunopathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kevin M Hart
- Immunopathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Mao YM, Zhao CN, Leng J, Leng RX, Ye DQ, Zheng SG, Pan HF. Interleukin-13: A promising therapeutic target for autoimmune disease. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2018; 45:9-23. [PMID: 30581068 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-13 (IL-13) was previously thought to be a redundant presence of IL-4, but in recent years its role in immunity, inflammation, fibrosis, and allergic diseases has become increasingly prominent. IL-13 can regulate several subtypes of T helper (Th) cells and affect their transformation, including Th1, Th2, T17, etc., thus it may play an important role in immune system. Previous studies have revealed that IL-13 is implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic sclerosis (SSc), ulcerative colitis (UC), type 1 diabetes (T1D), sjogren's syndrome (SS), etc. In this review, we will briefly discuss the biological features of IL-13 and summarize recent advances in the role of IL-13 in the development and pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. This information may provide new perspectives and suggestions for the selection of therapeutic targets for autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Mei Mao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Chan-Na Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Jing Leng
- Anhui Academy of Medical Sciences, 15 Yonghong Road, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Rui-Xue Leng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Dong-Qing Ye
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Song Guo Zheng
- Division of Rheumatology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
| | - Hai-Feng Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China.
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Potential Risks Related to Modulating Interleukin-13 and Interleukin-4 Signalling: A Systematic Review. Drug Saf 2018; 41:489-509. [PMID: 29411337 PMCID: PMC5938313 DOI: 10.1007/s40264-017-0636-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Interleukin-13 and interleukin-4 are type-II cytokines signalling through the shared type II interleukin-4 receptor. As a result of their structural similarity, interleukin-13 and interleukin-4 have overlapping functions in the mediation of type-II-driven diseases and are, therefore, promising targets of biologic drugs currently in development for the treatment of such diseases, including asthma and atopic dermatitis. Objective This systematic review was conducted to assess preclinical evidence of potential safety concerns related to blockade of interleukin-13 alone or interleukin-13 and interleukin-4 in combination. Methods We specifically examined risks related to infection, malignancy and the cardiovascular system. We systematically searched the BIOSIS, MEDLINE and EMBASE databases to identify preclinical studies published between January 2006 and October 2016 that addressed the effects of interleukin-13/interleukin-4 blockade and modulation on the risk of infection, malignancy and cardiovascular events. To provide a clinical context, we also performed a search for clinical trials targeting the interleukin-13/interleukin-4 pathways. Relevant data from preclinical and clinical trials were abstracted and presented descriptively. Results Aside from expected evidence that inhibition of interleukin-13 and interleukin-4 impaired host responses to helminth infections, we did not identify other preclinical evidence suggesting safety risks relating to infection, malignancy or cardiovascular events. We found no evidence in clinical trials suggesting serious safety concerns, i.e. increased risk for infections, malignancy or cardiovascular events from therapeutic modulation of the interleukin-13 pathway alone or the combined interleukin-13/interleukin-4 pathways. Conclusions Although our findings are reassuring, long-term safety assessments of biologics that target the interleukin-13/interleukin-4 pathways currently in clinical development are needed. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s40264-017-0636-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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27
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Vicentino ARR, Carneiro VC, Allonso D, Guilherme RDF, Benjamim CF, Dos Santos HAM, Xavier F, Pyrrho ADS, Gomes JDAS, Fonseca MDC, de Oliveira RC, Pereira TA, Ladislau L, Lambertucci JR, Fantappié MR. Emerging Role of HMGB1 in the Pathogenesis of Schistosomiasis Liver Fibrosis. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1979. [PMID: 30258438 PMCID: PMC6143665 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In chronic schistosomiasis, liver fibrosis is linked to portal hypertension, which is a condition associated with high mortality and morbidity. High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) was originally described as a nuclear protein that functions as a structural co-factor in transcriptional regulation. However, HMGB1 can also be secreted into the extracellular milieu under appropriate signal stimulation. Extracellular HMGB1 acts as a multifunctional cytokine that contributes to infection, injury, inflammation, and immune responses by binding to specific cell-surface receptors. HMGB1 is involved in fibrotic diseases. From a clinical perspective, HMGB1 inhibition may represent a promising therapeutic approach for treating tissue fibrosis. In this study, we demonstrate elevated levels of HMGB1 in the sera in experimental mice or in patients with schistosomiasis. Using immunohistochemistry, we demonstrated that HMGB1 trafficking in the hepatocytes of mice suffering from acute schistosomiasis was inhibited by Glycyrrhizin, a well-known HMGB1 direct inhibitor, as well as by DIC, a novel and potential anti-HMGB1 compound. HMGB1 inhibition led to significant downregulation of IL-6, IL4, IL-5, IL-13, IL-17A, which are involved in the exacerbation of the immune response and liver fibrogenesis. Importantly, infected mice that were treated with DIC or GZR to inhibit HMGB1 pro-inflammatory activity showed a significant increase in survival and a reduction of over 50% in the area of liver fibrosis. Taken together, our findings indicate that HMGB1 is a key mediator of schistosomotic granuloma formation and liver fibrosis and may represent an outstanding target for the treatment of schistosomiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda R R Vicentino
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vitor C Carneiro
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Diego Allonso
- Departamento de Biotecnologia Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rafael de Freitas Guilherme
- Departamento de Farmacologia Básica e Clínica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Claudia F Benjamim
- Departamento de Farmacologia Básica e Clínica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Hílton A M Dos Santos
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fabíola Xavier
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Dos Santos Pyrrho
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Juliana de Assis Silva Gomes
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | | | - Thiago A Pereira
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Leandro Ladislau
- Departamento de Farmacologia Básica e Clínica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - José R Lambertucci
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Marcelo R Fantappié
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Therapeutic Potential of OMe-PS-miR-29b1 for Treating Liver Fibrosis. Mol Ther 2018; 26:2798-2811. [PMID: 30287074 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2018.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Trans-differentiation of quiescent hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) into active myofibroblasts secretes excess amounts of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. miR-29b1 has the potential to treat liver fibrosis, because it targets several profibrotic genes. We previously demonstrated that miR-29b1 and the hedgehog (Hh) pathway inhibitor GDC-0449 could, together, inhibit the activation of HSCs and ECM production in common bile-duct-ligated (CBDL) mice. Herein, we determined the effect of chemical modifications of miR-29b1 on its stability, immunogenicity, and Argonaute-2 (Ago2) loading in vitro, after modifying its antisense strand with phosphorothioate (PS-miR-29b1), 2'-O-methyl-phosphorothioate (OMe-miR-29b1), locked nucleic acid (LNA-miR-29b1), and N,N'-diethyl-4-(4-nitronaphthalen-1-ylazo)-phenylamine (ZEN-miR-29b1). Chemical modifications significantly improved stability of miR-29b1 in 50% FBS. Among all the modified miRNAs tested, OMe-PS-miR-29b1 showed the highest stability with low immunogenicity, without the loss of efficacy in vitro. Therefore, OMe-PS-miR-29b1 was complexed with poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(2-methyl-2-carboxyl-propylenecarbonate-graft-dodecanol-graft-tetraethylenepentamine (mPEG-b-PCC-g-DC-g-TEPA) cationic micelles, and anti-fibrotic efficacy was evaluated in CBDL mice. There was a significant improvement in liver histology and decrease in the levels of injury markers. Further, mRNA/protein levels of collagen, α-SMA, and TIMP-1 were significantly lower for the OMe-PS-miR-29b1-loaded micelles compared to miR-29b1-loaded micelles. In conclusion, micellar delivery of OMe-PS-miR-29b1 is a promising strategy to treat liver fibrosis.
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Wang Q, Chang F, Li W. A single nucleotide polymorphism of the interferon-γ gene and susceptibility to hepatitis B virus-related cirrhosis: a randomized controlled trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2018; 11:4140-4146. [PMID: 31949806 PMCID: PMC6962819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore the correlation between a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the interferon-γ (IFN-γ) gene and susceptibility to hepatitis B virus (HBV) -related cirrhosis in the Chinese population. METHOD PCR-LDR was employed for the genotyping of two SNPs, rs1861494 and rs2069718, of the IFN-γ gene in 230 patients with HBV-related cirrhosis and 320 inactive HBsAg carriers without cirrhosis. It was then determined whether the Hardy-Weinberg (H-W) equilibrium was satisfied. The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were analyzed using the chi-square test and univariate non-conditional logistic regression. Haplotypes were established using SHEsis and SNPStats online software and their interaction with non-genetic factors was analyzed. RESULTS Compared with the AA genotype of rs1861494 SNP, AG+GG genotypes increased the risk of HBV-related cirrhosis. There was a significant difference in the distribution of A and G alleles between the case group and the control group (P<0.05). There was also a significant difference in the distribution of AA, AG, GG, AA, and AG+GG genotypes and A/G alleles between the case group and the control group (P<0.05). This indicated that the G allele may be a risk factor for HBV-related cirrhosis. By analyzing the different distribution of haplotypes in the case group and the control group, we observed significant differences in the distribution of AA, AG and GA haplotypes between the case and control groups (P<0.05). Haplotypes of the IFN-γ gene did not interact with other relevant factors. CONCLUSION The G allele of rs1861494 SNP as well as AG and GG genotypes and G allele of rs2069718 SNP may be risk factors of HBV-related cirrhosis. The AA haplotype may be a protective factor for HBV-related cirrhosis, while the AG haplotype is a risk factor for HBV-related cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qingdao Ninth People’s HospitalChina
| | - Fangzhi Chang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qingdao Hiser Medical GroupChina
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Hepatology, Qingdao Sixth People’s HospitalChina
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Abstract
Normal tissue injury from irradiation is an unfortunate consequence of radiotherapy. Technologic improvements have reduced the risk of normal tissue injury; however, toxicity causing treatment breaks or long-term side effects continues to occur in a subset of patients. The molecular events that lead to normal tissue injury are complex and span a variety of biologic processes, including oxidative stress, inflammation, depletion of injured cells, senescence, and elaboration of proinflammatory and profibrogenic cytokines. This article describes selected recent advances in normal tissue radiobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah E Citrin
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD.
| | - James B Mitchell
- Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Macrophages are central players in the immune response following tissue injury. These cells perform many functions, and the changing tissue microenvironment during injury shapes macrophage phenotype down a variety of polarized pathways. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the roles of macrophages during different stages of tissue injury, repair, and-if repair is not achieved-fibrosis. RECENT FINDINGS Macrophages present early in inflammation are functionally distinct from those at later stages. The predominant macrophage phenotype must transition from pro-inflammatory to pro-reparative to facilitate wound healing and scar resolution. If macrophages fail to acquire a tissue-healing phenotype, dysregulated signals can be drivers of disease processes, such as sustained, exuberant inflammation-as occurs in arthropathies-and fibrosis. Comprehensive understanding of the roles of specific macrophage populations at different stages of the repair process will support the development of immune-targeted therapies for diseases such as fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate S Smigiel
- Women's Guild Lung Institute, Departments of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - William C Parks
- Women's Guild Lung Institute, Departments of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.
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32
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Reyes JL, Vannan DT, Vo T, Gulamhusein A, Beck PL, Reimer RA, Eksteen B. Neutralization of IL-15 abrogates experimental immune-mediated cholangitis in diet-induced obese mice. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3127. [PMID: 29449577 PMCID: PMC5814438 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21112-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a global epidemic affecting chronic inflammatory diseases. Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a chronic cholestatic liver disease that can occur as an extraintestinal manifestation of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Previously we reported that patients with PSC who are obese have a higher risk of advanced liver disease. Currently it is unknown how obesity accelerates or worsens PSC. We evaluated the progression of PSC in an antigen-driven cholangitis mouse model of diet-induced obesity. Obesity was induced in our murine model of immune-mediated cholangitis (OVAbil). OVAbil mice were fed standard chow or high-fat/sucrose diet for twelve weeks followed by induction of biliary inflammation by OVA-specific T cell transfer. Histopathological damage in portal tracts was scored and serum collected. Neutralizing antibodies against IL-15 were administered daily until study termination. Obese mice developed exacerbated liver inflammation and damage. Immune cell phenotyping in liver revealed greater numbers of neutrophils and CD8+ T cells in obese mice. Higher levels of cytokines and chemokines were found in obese mice with cholangitis. Immuno-neutralizing antibodies against IL-15 greatly attenuated cholangitis in obese mice. Obesity exacerbated experimental PSC in part by overproduction of IL-15. Timely targeting of IL-15 may slow the progression of PSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- José L Reyes
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Experimental y Regulación de la Inflamación Hepato-Intestinal, UBIMED, FES Iztacala UNAM, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Danielle T Vannan
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Aspen Woods Clinic, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Tina Vo
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Aliya Gulamhusein
- Genomic Hepatobiology Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Paul L Beck
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Raylene A Reimer
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Capobianco A, Cottone L, Monno A, Manfredi AA, Rovere-Querini P. The peritoneum: healing, immunity, and diseases. J Pathol 2017; 243:137-147. [PMID: 28722107 DOI: 10.1002/path.4942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The peritoneum defines a confined microenvironment, which is stable under normal conditions, but is exposed to the damaging effect of infections, surgical injuries, and other neoplastic and non-neoplastic events. Its response to damage includes the recruitment, proliferation, and activation of a variety of haematopoietic and stromal cells. In physiological conditions, effective responses to injuries are organized; inflammatory triggers are eliminated; inflammation quickly abates; and the normal tissue architecture is restored. However, if inflammatory triggers are not cleared, fibrosis or scarring occurs and impaired tissue function ultimately leads to organ failure. Autoimmune serositis is characterized by the persistence of self-antigens and a relapsing clinical pattern. Peritoneal carcinomatosis and endometriosis are characterized by the persistence of cancer cells or ectopic endometrial cells in the peritoneal cavity. Some of the molecular signals orchestrating the recruitment of inflammatory cells in the peritoneum have been identified in the last few years. Alternative activation of peritoneal macrophages was shown to guide angiogenesis and fibrosis, and could represent a novel target for molecular intervention. This review summarizes current knowledge of the alterations to the immune response in the peritoneal environment, highlighting the ambiguous role played by persistently activated reparative macrophages in the pathogenesis of common human diseases. Copyright © 2017 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Capobianco
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious Diseases, Milan, Italy
| | - Lucia Cottone
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious Diseases, Milan, Italy.,University College London, Genetics and Cell Biology of Sarcoma Group, London, UK
| | - Antonella Monno
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious Diseases, Milan, Italy
| | - Angelo A Manfredi
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious Diseases, Milan, Italy.,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Rovere-Querini
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious Diseases, Milan, Italy.,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
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Abstract
Type 2 immunity is characterized by the production of IL-4, IL-5, IL-9 and IL-13, and this immune response is commonly observed in tissues during allergic inflammation or infection with helminth parasites. However, many of the key cell types associated with type 2 immune responses - including T helper 2 cells, eosinophils, mast cells, basophils, type 2 innate lymphoid cells and IL-4- and IL-13-activated macrophages - also regulate tissue repair following injury. Indeed, these cell populations engage in crucial protective activity by reducing tissue inflammation and activating important tissue-regenerative mechanisms. Nevertheless, when type 2 cytokine-mediated repair processes become chronic, over-exuberant or dysregulated, they can also contribute to the development of pathological fibrosis in many different organ systems. In this Review, we discuss the mechanisms by which type 2 immunity contributes to tissue regeneration and fibrosis following injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard L Gieseck
- Immunopathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20852, USA
| | - Mark S Wilson
- Immunology Discovery, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Thomas A Wynn
- Immunopathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20852, USA
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Curciarello R, Docena GH, MacDonald TT. The Role of Cytokines in the Fibrotic Responses in Crohn's Disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2017; 4:126. [PMID: 28824915 PMCID: PMC5545939 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2017.00126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Crohn’s disease is an idiopathic disorder of the gut thought to be caused by a combination of environmental and genetic factors in susceptible individuals. It is characterized by chronic transmural inflammation of the terminal ileum and colon, with typical transmural lesions. Complications, including fibrosis, mean that between 40 and 70% of patients require surgery in the first 10 years after diagnosis. Presently, there is no evidence that the current therapies which dampen inflammation modulate or reverse intestinal fibrosis. In this review, we focus on cytokines that may lead to fibrosis and stenosis and the contribution of experimental models for understanding and treatment of gut fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Curciarello
- Centre for Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.,Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos -IIFP-CONICET-Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Guillermo H Docena
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos -IIFP-CONICET-Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Thomas T MacDonald
- Centre for Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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Citrin DE, Prasanna PGS, Walker AJ, Freeman ML, Eke I, Barcellos-Hoff MH, Arankalayil MJ, Cohen EP, Wilkins RC, Ahmed MM, Anscher MS, Movsas B, Buchsbaum JC, Mendonca MS, Wynn TA, Coleman CN. Radiation-Induced Fibrosis: Mechanisms and Opportunities to Mitigate. Report of an NCI Workshop, September 19, 2016. Radiat Res 2017; 188:1-20. [PMID: 28489488 PMCID: PMC5558616 DOI: 10.1667/rr14784.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A workshop entitled "Radiation-Induced Fibrosis: Mechanisms and Opportunities to Mitigate" (held in Rockville, MD, September 19, 2016) was organized by the Radiation Research Program and Radiation Oncology Branch of the Center for Cancer Research (CCR) of the National Cancer Institute (NCI), to identify critical research areas and directions that will advance the understanding of radiation-induced fibrosis (RIF) and accelerate the development of strategies to mitigate or treat it. Experts in radiation biology, radiation oncology and related fields met to identify and prioritize the key areas for future research and clinical translation. The consensus was that several known and newly identified targets can prevent or mitigate RIF in pre-clinical models. Further, basic and translational research and focused clinical trials are needed to identify optimal agents and strategies for therapeutic use. It was felt that optimally designed preclinical models are needed to better study biomarkers that predict for development of RIF, as well as to understand when effective therapies need to be initiated in relationship to manifestation of injury. Integrating appropriate endpoints and defining efficacy in clinical trials testing treatment of RIF were felt to be critical to demonstrating efficacy. The objective of this meeting report is to (a) highlight the significance of RIF in a global context, (b) summarize recent advances in our understanding of mechanisms of RIF,
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah E. Citrin
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Pataje G. S. Prasanna
- Radiation Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Amanda J. Walker
- Office of Hematology and Oncology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Michael L. Freeman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Vanderbilt School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Iris Eke
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Mary Helen Barcellos-Hoff
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | | | - Eric P. Cohen
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ruth C. Wilkins
- Radiobiology Division, Consumer and Clinical Radiation Protection Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario
| | - Mansoor M. Ahmed
- Radiation Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Mitchell S. Anscher
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Benjamin Movsas
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Jeffrey C. Buchsbaum
- Radiation Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Marc S. Mendonca
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Thomas A. Wynn
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - C. Norman Coleman
- Radiation Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
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Abstract
Tissue repair after injury is a complex, metabolically demanding process. Depending on the tissue's regenerative capacity and the quality of the inflammatory response, the outcome is generally imperfect, with some degree of fibrosis, which is defined by aberrant accumulation of collagenous connective tissue. Inflammatory cells multitask at the wound site by facilitating wound debridement and producing chemokines, metabolites, and growth factors. If this well-orchestrated response becomes dysregulated, the wound can become chronic or progressively fibrotic, with both outcomes impairing tissue function, which can ultimately lead to organ failure and death. Here we review the current understanding of the role of inflammation and cell metabolism in tissue-regenerative responses, highlight emerging concepts that may expand therapeutic perspectives, and briefly discuss where important knowledge gaps remain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine A Eming
- Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany.
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Cluster of Excellence on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas A Wynn
- Immunopathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Paul Martin
- Schools of Biochemistry and Physiology, Pharmacology, and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
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Liou GY, Bastea L, Fleming A, Döppler H, Edenfield BH, Dawson DW, Zhang L, Bardeesy N, Storz P. The Presence of Interleukin-13 at Pancreatic ADM/PanIN Lesions Alters Macrophage Populations and Mediates Pancreatic Tumorigenesis. Cell Rep 2017; 19:1322-1333. [PMID: 28514653 PMCID: PMC5510483 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.04.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The contributions of the innate immune system to the development of pancreatic cancer are still ill defined. Inflammatory macrophages can initiate metaplasia of pancreatic acinar cells to a duct-like phenotype (acinar-to-ductal metaplasia [ADM]), which then gives rise to pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) when oncogenic KRas is present. However, it remains unclear when and how this inflammatory macrophage population is replaced by tumor-promoting macrophages. Here, we demonstrate the presence of interleukin-13 (IL-13), which can convert inflammatory into Ym1+ alternatively activated macrophages, at ADM/PanIN lesions. We further show that Ym1+ macrophages release factors, such as IL-1ra and CCL2, to drive pancreatic fibrogenesis and tumorigenesis. Treatment of mice expressing oncogenic KRas under an acinar cell-specific promoter with a neutralizing antibody for IL-13 significantly decreased the accumulation of alternatively activated macrophages at these lesions, resulting in decreased fibrosis and lesion growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geou-Yarh Liou
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Ligia Bastea
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Alicia Fleming
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Heike Döppler
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | | | - David W Dawson
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Lizhi Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Nabeel Bardeesy
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02115 MA, USA
| | - Peter Storz
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA.
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39
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Nair A, Tang L. Influence of scaffold design on host immune and stem cell responses. Semin Immunol 2017; 29:62-71. [PMID: 28431919 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The combined culture of isolated stem cells in tissue engineering scaffolds represents a popular strategy for the regeneration of specialized tissues. Despite of improved outcomes in some tissues, this stem cell-seeded tissue engineering strategy has not led to significant tissue regeneration as expected. The lower-than-expected outcome may be caused by overwhelming immune responses to scaffold materials and poor survival of seeded stem cells following implantation. This review is aimed at summarizing the success and failure of this strategy and also shedding some light on new directions to design scaffolds for promoting regenerative responses via autologous stem cells. The first half of this review summarizes the influence of scaffold physical and chemical properties on immune cell responses to scaffold implants. The second half focuses on the influence of scaffold design to alter immune and stem cell responses for achieving desirable tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwin Nair
- Joint Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019 and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas 75390.
| | - Liping Tang
- Joint Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019 and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas 75390; Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
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40
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Soucy K, Fairhurst RM, Lynn GM, Fomalont K, Wynn TA, Siegel RM. Breaking the Mold: Partnering with the National Institutes of Health Intramural Research Program to Accelerate PhD Training. Trends Immunol 2016; 37:813-815. [PMID: 27838188 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Immunology is an increasingly interdisciplinary field. Here we describe a new model for interinstitutional graduate training as partnerships between complementary laboratories. This collaborative model reduces time to graduation without compromising productivity or alumni outcomes. We offer our experience with one such program and thoughts on the ingredients for their success. Despite tremendous recent advances in technology, communications, and the translation of basic scientific discoveries into new diagnostics and therapies for human diseases, graduate training in immunology and other areas of biomedical research in the United States has remained remarkably unchanged since the early 20th century, with coursework and laboratory rotations taking up much of the first 2 years, and a single mentor shepherding the student through a research project over 3 or more subsequent years. The time to graduation still averages more than 6 years in the biomedical sciences field (http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/2016/nsf16300/), with uncertain benefit of this extended time to research productivity and career advancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Soucy
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Rick M Fairhurst
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Geoffrey M Lynn
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kevin Fomalont
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Thomas A Wynn
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Richard M Siegel
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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