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He T, Tang W, Chen J, Xie J, Weng Z, Deng D, Zhang C, Wang X. Hydrogel-Based Treatment of House Dust Mite-Induced Atopic Dermatitis through Triple Cleaning of Mites, Bacteria, and ROS-Related Inflammation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:33121-33134. [PMID: 38910289 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c05435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic and recurrent inflammatory disease caused by abnormalities in skin immunoregulation. House dust mite can directly damage the skin barrier and thus sensitize the skin, which is one of the main allergens inducing AD in humans and widely exists in daily life. Meanwhile, the accompanying bacterial infections and exposure to additional allergens exacerbate the condition by generating excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS). Herein, we have developed the CPDP hydrogel with injectable and self-healing ability to combat pathogenic microorganisms and inflammatory environments for AD therapy. In vitro experiments have affirmed the efficacy of the CPDP hydrogel in combating mites, killing bacteria, and scavenging ROS. In a mouse model closely mimicking HDM-induced AD, the CPDP hydrogel has shown superior therapeutic effects, including reducing epidermal thickness and mast cell count, increasing collagen deposition, as well as down-regulating pro-inflammatory factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianshuang He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330088, Jiangxi, P. R. China
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330088, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Wanling Tang
- School of the Second Clinical Medical School, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330088, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Jinling Chen
- School of Queen Mary, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330088, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Jialiang Xie
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330088, Jiangxi, P. R. China
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330088, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Zhenzhen Weng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330088, Jiangxi, P. R. China
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330088, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Dan Deng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330088, Jiangxi, P. R. China
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330088, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Chuxi Zhang
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330088, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolei Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330088, Jiangxi, P. R. China
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330088, Jiangxi, P. R. China
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Bier K, Senajova Z, Henrion F, Wang Y, Bruno S, Rauld C, Hörmann LC, Barske C, Delucis-Bronn C, Bergling S, Altorfer M, Hägele J, Knehr J, Junt T, Roediger B, Röhn TA, Kolbinger F. IL-26 Potentiates Type 2 Skin Inflammation in the Presence of IL-1β. J Invest Dermatol 2024; 144:1544-1556.e9. [PMID: 38237730 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2023.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a debilitating inflammatory skin disorder. Biologics targeting the IL-4/IL-13 axis are effective in AD, but there is still a large proportion of patients who do not respond to IL-4R blockade. Further exploration of potentially pathogenic T-cell-derived cytokines in AD may lead to new effective treatments. This study aimed to investigate the downstream effects of IL-26 on skin in the context of type 2 skin inflammation. We found that IL-26 alone exhibited limited inflammatory activity in the skin. However, in the presence of IL-1β, IL-26 potentiated the secretion of TSLP, CXCL1, and CCL20 from human epidermis through Jak/signal transducer and activator of transcription signaling. Moreover, in an in vivo AD-like skin inflammation model, IL-26 exacerbated skin pathology and locally increased type 2 cytokines, most notably of IL13 in skin T helper cells. Neutralization of IL-1β abrogated IL-26-mediated effects, indicating that the presence of IL-1β is required for full IL-26 downstream action in vivo. These findings suggest that the presence of IL-1β enables IL-26 to be a key amplifier of inflammation in the skin. As such, IL-26 may contribute to the development and pathogenesis of inflammatory skin disorders such as AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Bier
- Immunology Disease Area, Novartis Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Zuzana Senajova
- Immunology Disease Area, Novartis Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Fanny Henrion
- Immunology Disease Area, Novartis Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Yichen Wang
- Immunology Disease Area, Novartis Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sandro Bruno
- Immunology Disease Area, Novartis Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Celine Rauld
- Immunology Disease Area, Novartis Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lisa C Hörmann
- Immunology Disease Area, Novartis Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Carmen Barske
- Immunology Disease Area, Novartis Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Corinne Delucis-Bronn
- Immunology Disease Area, Novartis Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Bergling
- Discovery Science, Novartis Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marc Altorfer
- Discovery Science, Novartis Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jasmin Hägele
- Discovery Science, Novartis Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Judith Knehr
- Discovery Science, Novartis Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Junt
- Immunology Disease Area, Novartis Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ben Roediger
- Immunology Disease Area, Novartis Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Till A Röhn
- Immunology Disease Area, Novartis Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Frank Kolbinger
- Immunology Disease Area, Novartis Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
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3
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Liu W, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Zhou M, Gu H, Lu M, Xia Y. Rh family C glycoprotein contributes to psoriatic inflammation through regulating the dysdifferentiation and cytokine secretion of keratinocytes. J Dermatol Sci 2024; 114:2-12. [PMID: 38514279 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2024.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Keratinocyte dysdifferentiation and proinflammatory cytokine production play a central role in psoriatic inflammation. According to recent studies, the Rh family C glycoprotein (RHCG) enhances cell proliferation and disrupts cell differentiation. However, the specific role of RHCG psoriasis development remains unclear. OBJECTIVE We here explored the effect of RHCG on keratinocytes under psoriatic inflammation. METHODS The cell counting kit‑8 assay was conducted to assess proliferation. RHCG protein expression was assessed through western blotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The expression of proinflammatory cytokines and differentiation markers was analyzed through a quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Both RHCG mRNA and protein levels increased in psoriatic skin. Notably, cultured keratinocytes treated with an M5 cocktail, which mimics psoriatic inflammation, exhibited higher RHCG expression. Furthermore, RHCG overexpression promoted keratinocyte proliferation, accompanied by an increase in the production of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor-α. RHCG overexpression also resulted in higher expression of keratin 17, a differentiation marker. Conversely, RHCG gene knockdown reduced keratinocyte proliferation and cytokine secretion. RHCG inhibition in cells recovered both keratin 1 and loricrin expression. Additionally, RHCG overexpression facilitated the phosphorylation of nuclear factor-kappa B and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase signaling pathways. Importantly, when these signaling pathways were inhibited, the effect of RHCG on keratinocytes was attenuated. CONCLUSION These findings support the substantial role of RHCG in psoriatic inflammation development and suggest that RHCG serves as a potential target for psoriasis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yaqi Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yitian Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Mingzhu Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hanjiang Gu
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Mei Lu
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yumin Xia
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
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Wang X, Chen L, Chen X, Liu C, Qiu W, Guo K. Identification of potential miR‑155 target genes in epidermal immune microenvironment of atopic dermatitis patients and their inflammatory effects on HaCaT cells. Exp Ther Med 2024; 27:25. [PMID: 38125354 PMCID: PMC10728954 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.12313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common inflammatory skin condition and the leading cause of morbidity associated with skin conditions worldwide. For the majority of patients, AD is a lifelong disease that cannot be cured completely. Therefore, in the present study, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the epidermal immune microenvironment were screened using bioinformatic techniques. Subsequently, an in vitro cellular model was constructed to investigate the role of microRNA (miR)-155 in immune infiltration during AD. In the present study, two datasets (GSE121212 and GSE157194) were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus, before the DEGs were screened and subjected to Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes functional enrichment analyses. miRNet was used to predict the possible target genes of miR-155 among the differentially expressed genes found. Consequently, peptidase inhibitor 3 (PI3), FOS-like 1, AP-1 transcription factor subunit (FOSL1), C-X-C motif chemokine ligand (CXCL)1 and CXCL8 were selected to be the potential target genes of miR-155 in the epidermal immune microenvironment of patients with AD. Concurrently, an inflammatory cell model using HaCaT cells was constructed by TNF-α and IFN-γ treatment. The effects of miR-155 on HaCaT cell proliferation and secretion of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-15, PI3, FOSL1, CXCL1 and CXCL8 under inflammatory and non-inflammatory conditions were then analyzed. The results showed that after the HaCaT cells were transfected with miR-155, miR-155 inhibited HaCaT cell proliferation and decreased the mRNA expression levels of PI3 and CXCL8, increased the mRNA levels of FOSL1 and secretion levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-15 and CXCL1. By contrast, miR-155 decreased the secretion levels of IL-10 and CXCL8. In the inflammatory cell model of HaCaT cells, miR-155 was found to significantly inhibit the proliferation of HaCaT cells during inflammation whilst significantly increasing the secretion of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-15. In addition, miR-155 increased the mRNA expression and secretion levels of CXCL1 and CXCL8, whilst also increasing the mRNA expression levels of PI3. Results from the current study suggest that miR-155 can stimulate keratinocytes to produce inflammatory cytokines and proteins to enhance the inflammatory response in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430056, P.R. China
| | - Lu Chen
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430056, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqing Chen
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430056, P.R. China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430056, P.R. China
| | - Wenhong Qiu
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430056, P.R. China
| | - Kaiwen Guo
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, P.R. China
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Tai LR, Chiang YF, Huang KC, Chen HY, Ali M, Hsia SM. Hinokitiol as a modulator of TLR4 signaling and apoptotic pathways in atopic dermatitis. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 170:116026. [PMID: 38128179 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.116026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) poses a significant global health challenge, characterized by dysregulated inflammation and apoptotic processes. This study explores the therapeutic efficacy of hinokitiol, employing a comprehensive in vivo and in vitro approach. Assessment of inflammation-related markers in the animal model included observation of physical appearance, Western blotting, ELISA, and H&E staining. Additionally, the cell culture model enabled the evaluation of apoptosis and ROS levels using MTT assay, crystal violet staining, Western blot, and DCFDA assays. The results revealed hinokitiol's proficiency in ameliorating ear and skin morphology in the DNCB-induced AD model, mediated through the TLR4/MyD88 pathway. Notably, hinokitiol intervention led to a reduction in both M1 and M2 macrophage phenotypes. In vitro investigations demonstrated hinokitiol's ability to enhance cell viability and morphology under TNF-α and IFN-γ induction. Mechanistically, hinokitiol exhibited regulatory effects on apoptosis-related proteins, including Bax, Cytochrome c, Caspase-3, and PARP, thereby averting cellular damage. These findings suggest that hinokitiol is a promising natural compound with significant potential for alleviating inflammation and apoptosis in AD, indicating potential avenues for future therapeutic developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Ray Tai
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Fen Chiang
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Ko-Chieh Huang
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yuan Chen
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Mohamed Ali
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, 11566 Cairo, Egypt; Deaprtment of Obstertrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, 60637, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Shih-Min Hsia
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; School of Food Safety, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; Nutrition Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; TMU Research Center for Digestive Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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6
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Son Y, Yang W, Park S, Yang J, Kim S, Lyu JH, Kim H. The Anti-Inflammatory and Skin Barrier Function Recovery Effects of Schisandra chinensis in Mice with Atopic Dermatitis. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1353. [PMID: 37512164 PMCID: PMC10385087 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59071353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The fruit of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. is widely used medicinally to treat coughs, asthma, exhaustion, eczema, and pruritus in Northeast Asian countries, including Korea, China, and Japan. This study was designed to investigate the effects of S. chinensis on dermatitis in mice with calcipotriol (MC-903)-induced atopic dermatitis (AD), and its effects on skin barrier dysfunction was also investigated. Materials and Methods: The inhibitory effects of an ethanolic extract of S. chinensis (EESC) on skin lesions, water content, water-holding capacity (WHC), histopathological abnormalities, and inflammatory cytokine and chemokine levels were evaluated in mice with AD induced by MC903. Results: Topical EESC ameliorated skin lesions, reduced skin water content, and increased MC903-induced WHC. EESC also prevented MC-903-induced histopathological abnormalities such as epidermal disruption, hyperkeratosis, spongiotic changes, and immune cell infiltration in inflamed tissue. Moreover, topical EESC reduced MC-903-induced levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP). Furthermore, unlike dexamethasone, EESC did not reduce the spleen/body weight ratio. Conclusions: These results suggest that S. chinensis can be used as an alternative to external corticosteroids and that its anti-inflammatory and skin barrier dysfunction-restoring effects are related to the downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, such as TNF-α, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, and TSLP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoorae Son
- Division of Pharmacology, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonjin Yang
- Division of Pharmacology, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangjun Park
- Division of Pharmacology, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinkyu Yang
- Division of Pharmacology, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyeon Kim
- Division of Pharmacology, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyo Lyu
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Naju 58245, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungwoo Kim
- Division of Pharmacology, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
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7
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Vaher H, Kingo K, Kolberg P, Pook M, Raam L, Laanesoo A, Remm A, Tenson T, Alasoo K, Mrowietz U, Weidinger S, Kingo K, Rebane A. Skin Colonization with S. aureus Can Lead to Increased NLRP1 Inflammasome Activation in Patients with Atopic Dermatitis. J Invest Dermatol 2023; 143:1268-1278.e8. [PMID: 36736455 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2023.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The role of NLRP1 inflammasome activation and subsequent production of IL-1 family cytokines in the development of atopic dermatitis (AD) is not clearly understood. Staphylococcus aureus is known to be associated with increased mRNA levels of IL1 family cytokines in the skin and more severe AD. In this study, the altered expression of IL-1 family cytokines and inflammasome-related genes was confirmed, and a positive relationship between mRNA levels of inflammasome sensor NLRP1 and IL1B or IL18 was determined. Enhanced expression of the NLRP1 and PYCARD proteins and increased caspase-1 activity were detected in the skin of patients with AD. The genetic association of IL18R1 and IL18RAP with AD was confirmed, and the involvement of various immune cell types was predicted using published GWAS and expression quantitative trait loci datasets. In keratinocytes, the inoculation with S. aureus led to the increased secretion of IL-1β and IL-18, whereas small interfering RNA silencing of NLRP1 inhibited the production of these cytokines. Our results suggest that skin colonization with S. aureus may cause the activation of the NLRP1 inflammasome in keratinocytes, which leads to the secretion of IL-1β and IL-18 and thereby may contribute to the pathogenesis of AD, particularly in the presence of genetic variations in the IL-18 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Vaher
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kristiina Kingo
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Peep Kolberg
- Institute of Computer Science, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Martin Pook
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Liisi Raam
- Dermatology Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia; Department of Dermatology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Anet Laanesoo
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Anu Remm
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Tanel Tenson
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kaur Alasoo
- Institute of Computer Science, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ulrich Mrowietz
- Department of Dermatology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Stephan Weidinger
- Department of Dermatology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Külli Kingo
- Dermatology Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia; Department of Dermatology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ana Rebane
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
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Ma X, Kuai L, Song J, Luo Y, Ru Y, Wang M, Gao C, Jiang W, Liu Y, Bai Y, Li B. Therapeutic effects and mechanisms of Ku-Gan formula on atopic dermatitis: A pilot clinical study and modular pharmacology analysis with animal validation. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 307:116194. [PMID: 36716903 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a persistent, recurrent inflammatory skin disorder with a rapid upward trend worldwide. The first-line treatment for AD consists of topical medicines such as topical corticosteroids (TCSs). However, long-term use of conventional topical medicine results in side effects and recurrence, presenting therapeutic challenges for the management of AD. Ku-Gan formula (KG) has been extensively used to treat skin diseases since the Song dynasty. In particular, topical administration of the KG alleviates the cutaneous symptoms of AD and reduces recurrence rates with a good safety profile; however, the mechanisms of the KG's action remain unknown. AIM OF THE STUDY The current study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of KG in AD patients and to investigate the molecular mechanisms that underlie the efficacy of KG in the treatment of AD. MATERIALS AND METHODS A single-arm prospective pilot study with historical controls was conducted. This study evaluated 11 patients with mild to moderate AD, who underwent topical KG treatment. The primary outcome was the change in local eczema area and severity index (EASI) scores. The secondary outcomes included the recurrence rate and safety. The recurrence rate were compared to those of a matched historical control group. Secondly, modular pharmacology analysis was used to elucidate the therapeutic mechanism of KG in AD treatment by identifying the hub genes and kernel pathways. Moreover, we evaluated treatment effects and verified modular pharmacology-based findings using the calcipotriol (MC903)-induced mouse model and bioinformatics analysis. RESULTS Our clinical pilot study demonstrated that the KG wet wrapping could effectively ameliorate skin lesions in AD patients with a significant drop from 4.18 to 1.63 in local EASI. Compared to the historical controls, KG had a reduced recurrence rate (36%) and a longer median time to relapse (>12 weeks). Modular pharmacology analysis identified the hub genes including IL6, IL1B, VEGFA, STAT3, JUN, TIMP1 and ARG1, and kernel pathway including IL-17 signaling pathway of KG. Pharmacodynamic results suggested that KG ameliorated skin symptoms and demonstrated no less efficacy than halcinonide (HC) in MC903-induced AD-like mice. In addition, KG regulated the mRNA expression of hub genes as well as the related genes involved in IL-17 signaling pathway including Il25, Il17a,Traf3ip2, and Traf6, in skin lesions of AD-like mice. CONCLUSION These results showed that KG is a safe and effective topical treatment for AD with low recurrence. In addition, our study identified potential molecular pathways and therapeutic candidate targets of the KG formula, providing evidence for its clinical applicability in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ma
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China; Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200443, China.
| | - Le Kuai
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China; Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China.
| | - Jiankun Song
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200443, China.
| | - Ying Luo
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China; Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China.
| | - Yi Ru
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China; Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China.
| | - Mingxia Wang
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200443, China.
| | - Chunjie Gao
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200443, China.
| | - Wencheng Jiang
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200443, China.
| | - Yeqiang Liu
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200443, China.
| | - Yun Bai
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200443, China.
| | - Bin Li
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200443, China; Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China.
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Kim SY, Sapkota A, Bae YJ, Choi SH, Bae HJ, Kim HJ, Cho YE, Choi YY, An JY, Cho SY, Hong SH, Choi JW, Park SJ. The Anti-Atopic Dermatitis Effects of Mentha arvensis Essential Oil Are Involved in the Inhibition of the NLRP3 Inflammasome in DNCB-Challenged Atopic Dermatitis BALB/c Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097720. [PMID: 37175425 PMCID: PMC10177797 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The NLRP3 inflammasome is upregulated by various agents, such as nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The NLRP3 inflammasome facilitations the maturation of interleukin (IL)-1β, a proinflammatory cytokine that is critically involved in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD). Although the NLRP3 inflammasome clearly exacerbates AD symptoms such as erythema and pruritus, drugs for AD patients targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome are still lacking. Based on the previous findings that Mentha arvensis essential oil (MAEO) possesses strong anti-inflammatory and anti-AD properties through its inhibition of the ERK/NF-κB signaling pathway, we postulated that MAEO might be capable of modulating the NLRP3 inflammasome in AD. The aim of this research was to investigate whether MAEO affects the inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation in murine bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) stimulated with LPS + ATP in vitro and in a murine model displaying AD-like symptoms induced by 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) in vivo. We found that MAEO inhibited the expression of NLRP3 and caspase-1, leading to the suppression of NLRP3 inflammasome activation and IL-1β production in BMDMs stimulated with LPS + ATP. In addition, MAEO exhibited efficacy in ameliorating AD symptoms in a murine model induced by DNCB, as indicated by the reduction in dermatitis score, ear thickness, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), epidermal thickness, and immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels. Furthermore, MAEO attenuated the recruitment of NLRP3-expressing macrophages and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in murine dorsal skin lesions induced by DNCB. Overall, we provide evidence for the anti-AD effects of MAEO via inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Yeon Kim
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Arjun Sapkota
- College of Pharmacy and Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Joo Bae
- College of Pharmacy and Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hyuk Choi
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Jung Bae
- Agriculture and Life Science Research Institute, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jeong Kim
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye Eun Cho
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Yeong Choi
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Yeon An
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Young Cho
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Hee Hong
- School of Applied Science in Natural Resources & Environment, Hankyong National University, Anseong 17579, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Woong Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Jin Park
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
- Agriculture and Life Science Research Institute, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
- School of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
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10
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Nousbeck J, McAleer MA, Irvine AD. Peripheral Blood Gene Expression Profile of Infants with Atopic Dermatitis. JID INNOVATIONS 2023; 3:100165. [PMID: 36699197 PMCID: PMC9868882 DOI: 10.1016/j.xjidi.2022.100165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
To enhance the understanding of molecular mechanisms and mine previously unidentified biomarkers of pediatric atopic dermatitis, PBMC gene expression profiles were generated by RNA sequencing in infants with atopic dermatitis and age-matched controls. A total of 178 significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (115 upregulations and 63 downregulations) were seen, compared with those in healthy controls. The DEGs identified included IL1β, TNF, TREM1, IL18R1, and IL18RAP. DEGs were validated by real-time RT- qPCR in a larger number of samples from PBMCs of infants with atopic dermatitis aged <12 months. Using the DAVID (Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery) database, functional and pathway enrichment analyses of DEGs were performed. Gene ontology enrichment analysis showed that DEGs were associated with immune responses, inflammatory responses, regulation of immune responses, and platelet activation. Pathway analysis indicated that DEGs were enriched in cytokine‒cytokine receptor interaction, immunoregulatory interactions between lymphoid and nonlymphoid cells, hematopoietic cell lineage, phosphoinositide 3-kinase‒protein kinase B signaling pathway, NK cell‒mediated cytotoxicity, and platelet activation. Furthermore, the protein‒protein interaction network was predicted using the STRING (Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins) database and visualized with Cytoscape software. Finally, on the basis of the protein‒protein interaction network, 18 hub genes were selected, and two significant modules were obtained. In conclusion, this study sheds light on the molecular mechanisms of pediatric atopic dermatitis and may provide diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janna Nousbeck
- National Children's Research Centre, Dublin, Ireland.,Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Maeve A McAleer
- National Children's Research Centre, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Paediatric Dermatology, Children's Health Ireland at Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Alan D Irvine
- National Children's Research Centre, Dublin, Ireland.,Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Paediatric Dermatology, Children's Health Ireland at Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
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11
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Involvement of Atopic Dermatitis in the Development of Systemic Inflammatory Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113445. [PMID: 36362231 PMCID: PMC9658023 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The skin is recognized as a peripheral lymphoid organ that plays an essential defensive action against external environmental stimuli. However, continuous stimulation of these factors causes chronic inflammation at the local site and occasionally causes tissue damage. Chronic inflammation is recognized as a trigger for systemic organ inflammation. Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that is influenced by various external environmental factors, such as dry conditions, chemical exposure, and microorganisms. The pathogenesis of AD involves various Th2 and proinflammatory cytokines. Recently updated studies have shown that atopic skin-derived cytokines influence systemic organ function and oncogenesis. In this review, we focus on AD’s influence on the development of systemic inflammatory diseases and malignancies.
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12
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Segaud J, Yao W, Marschall P, Daubeuf F, Lehalle C, German B, Meyer P, Hener P, Hugel C, Flatter E, Guivarch M, Clauss L, Martin SF, Oulad-Abdelghani M, Li M. Context-dependent function of TSLP and IL-1β in skin allergic sensitization and atopic march. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4703. [PMID: 36050303 PMCID: PMC9437001 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32196-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic diseases, including atopic dermatitis (AD) and asthma, affect a large proportion of the population, with increasing prevalence worldwide. AD often precedes the development of asthma, known as the atopic march. Allergen sensitization developed through the barrier-defective skin of AD has been recognized to be a critical step leading to asthma, in which thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) was previously shown to be critical. In this study, using a laser-assistant microporation system to disrupt targeted skin layers for generating micropores at a precise anatomic depth of mouse skin, we model allergen exposure superficially or deeply in the skin, leading to epicutaneous sensitization or dermacutaneous sensitization that is associated with a different cytokine microenvironment. Our work shows a differential requirement for TSLP in these two contexts, and identifies an important function for IL-1β, which is independent of TSLP, in promoting allergen sensitization and subsequent allergic asthma. Allergic sensitisation in the skin can lead to allergic dermatitis and further to airway asthma in a process of atopic march. Here the authors examine the difference between superficial or deep skin sensitisation, characterise the immune cells generated and show differential TSLP and IL-1β involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Segaud
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS UMR 7104 - Inserm U 1258 - Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Wenjin Yao
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS UMR 7104 - Inserm U 1258 - Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Pierre Marschall
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS UMR 7104 - Inserm U 1258 - Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - François Daubeuf
- CNRS-Strasbourg University, UAR3286, Plate-Forme de Chimie Biologique Intégrative de Strasbourg/Strasbourg Drug Discovery and Development Institute, ESBS, Illkirch, France.,CNRS-Strasbourg University, UMR7200, Laboratoire d'Innovation Thérapeutique/ Strasbourg Drug Discovery and Development Institute, Faculté de Pharmacie, Illkirch, France
| | - Christine Lehalle
- CNRS-Strasbourg University, UAR3286, Plate-Forme de Chimie Biologique Intégrative de Strasbourg/Strasbourg Drug Discovery and Development Institute, ESBS, Illkirch, France.,CNRS-Strasbourg University, UMR7200, Laboratoire d'Innovation Thérapeutique/ Strasbourg Drug Discovery and Development Institute, Faculté de Pharmacie, Illkirch, France
| | - Beatriz German
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS UMR 7104 - Inserm U 1258 - Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Pierre Meyer
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS UMR 7104 - Inserm U 1258 - Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Pierre Hener
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS UMR 7104 - Inserm U 1258 - Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Cécile Hugel
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS UMR 7104 - Inserm U 1258 - Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Eric Flatter
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS UMR 7104 - Inserm U 1258 - Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Marine Guivarch
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS UMR 7104 - Inserm U 1258 - Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Laetitia Clauss
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS UMR 7104 - Inserm U 1258 - Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Stefan F Martin
- Allergy Research Group, Department of Dermatology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Mustapha Oulad-Abdelghani
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS UMR 7104 - Inserm U 1258 - Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Mei Li
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS UMR 7104 - Inserm U 1258 - Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France.
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13
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Huang SM, Chen YY, Chen YC, Wu CS, Lan CCE. 0.005 % hypochlorite reduces serine protease in cultured human keratinocytes: Evidences supporting bleach bath improves atopic dermatitis. J Dermatol Sci 2022; 107:169-172. [PMID: 35985913 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Mei Huang
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Yi Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Chun Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Shuang Wu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Che E Lan
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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14
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Okwuofu EO, Hui AYC, Woei JLC, Stanslas J. Molecular and Immunomodulatory Actions of New Antiasthmatic Agents: Exploring the Diversity of Biologics in Th2 Endotype Asthma. Pharmacol Res 2022; 181:106280. [PMID: 35661709 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Asthma is a major respiratory disorder characterised by chronic inflammation and airway remodelling. It affects about 1-8% of the global population and is responsible for over 461,000 deaths annually. Until recently, the pharmacotherapy of severe asthma involved high doses of inhaled corticosteroids in combination with β-agonist for prolonged action, including theophylline, leukotriene antagonist or anticholinergic yielding limited benefit. Although the use of newer agents to target Th2 asthma endotypes has improved therapeutic outcomes in severe asthmatic conditions, there seems to be a paucity of understanding the diverse mechanisms through which these classes of drugs act. This article delineates the molecular and immunomodulatory mechanisms of action of new antiasthmatic agents currently being trialled in preclinical and clinical studies to remit asthmatic conditions. The ultimate goal in developing antiasthmatic agents is based on two types of approaches: either anti-inflammatory or bronchodilators. Biologic and most small molecules have been shown to modulate specific asthma endotypes, targeting thymic stromal lymphopoietin, tryptase, spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk), Janus kinase, PD-L1/PD-L2, GATA-3, and CD38 for the treatment and management of Th2 endotype asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Oshiogwe Okwuofu
- Pharmacotherapeutic Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Jonathan Lim Chee Woei
- Pharmacotherapeutic Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Johnson Stanslas
- Pharmacotherapeutic Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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15
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Oh KK, Adnan M, Cho DH. New Insight into Drugs to Alleviate Atopic March via Network Pharmacology-Based Analysis. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:2257-2274. [PMID: 35678682 PMCID: PMC9164039 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44050153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, a subject of atopic dermatitis (AD) is exposed progressively to allergic rhinitis (AR) and asthma (AS), which is defined as atopic march (AM). However, both the targets and compounds against AM are still largely unknown. Hence, we investigated the overlapping targets related directly to the occurrence and development of AD, AR, and AS through public databases (DisGeNET, and OMIM). The final overlapping targets were considered as key targets of AM, which were visualized by a Venn diagram. The protein–protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed using R package software. We retrieved the association between targets and ligands via scientific journals, and the ligands were filtered by physicochemical properties. Lastly, we performed a molecular docking test (MDT) to identify the significant ligand on each target. A total of 229 overlapping targets were considered as AM causal elements, and 210 out of them were interconnected with each other. We adopted 65 targets representing the top 30% highest in degree centrality among 210 targets. Then, we obtained 20 targets representing the top 30% greatest in betweenness centrality among 65 targets. The network analysis unveiled key targets against AM, and the MDT confirmed the affinity between significant compounds and targets. In this study, we described the significance of the eight uppermost targets (CCL2, CTLA4, CXCL8, ICAM1, IL10, IL17A, IL1B, and IL2) and eight ligands (Bindarit, CTLA-4 inhibitor, Danirixin, A-205804, AX-24 HCl, Y-320, T-5224, and Apilimod) against AM, providing a scientific basis for further experiments.
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16
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Hasegawa T, Oka T, Demehri S. Alarmin Cytokines as Central Regulators of Cutaneous Immunity. Front Immunol 2022; 13:876515. [PMID: 35432341 PMCID: PMC9005840 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.876515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin acts as the primary interface between the body and the environment. The skin immune system is composed of a complex network of immune cells and factors that provide the first line of defense against microbial pathogens and environmental insults. Alarmin cytokines mediate an intricate intercellular communication between keratinocytes and immune cells to regulate cutaneous immune responses. Proper functions of the type 2 alarmin cytokines, thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), interleukin (IL)-25, and IL-33, are paramount to the maintenance of skin homeostasis, and their dysregulation is commonly associated with allergic inflammation. In this review, we discuss recent findings on the complex regulatory network of type 2 alarmin cytokines that control skin immunity and highlight the mechanisms by which these cytokines regulate skin immune responses in host defense, chronic inflammation, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tomonori Oka
- Center for Cancer Immunology and Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Shadmehr Demehri
- Center for Cancer Immunology and Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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17
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Alsabbagh M, Ismaeel A. The role of cytokines in atopic dermatitis: a breakthrough in immunopathogenesis and treatment. ACTA DERMATOVENEROLOGICA ALPINA PANNONICA ET ADRIATICA 2022. [DOI: 10.15570/actaapa.2022.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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18
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Graff P, Hönzke S, Joshi AA, Yealland G, Fleige E, Unbehauen M, Schäfer-Korting M, Hocke A, Haag R, Hedtrich S. Preclinical Testing of Dendritic Core-Multishell Nanoparticles in Inflammatory Skin Equivalents. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:1795-1802. [PMID: 35266720 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Human skin equivalents emerged as novel tools in preclinical dermatological research. It is being claimed that they may bridge the translational gap between preclinical and clinical research, yet only a few studies have investigated their suitability for preclinical drug testing so far. Therefore, we investigated if inflammatory skin equivalents, which emulate hallmarks of atopic dermatitis (AD), are suitable to assess the anti-inflammatory effects of dexamethasone (DXM) in a cream formulation or loaded onto dendritic core-multishell nanoparticles. Topical DXM application resulted in significantly decreased expression of the proinflammatory cytokine TSLP, increased expression of the skin barrier protein involucrin, and facilitated glucocorticoid receptor translocation in a dose-dependent manner. Further, DXM treatment inhibited gene expression of extracellular matrix components, potentially indicative of the known skin atrophy-inducing side effects of glucocorticoids. Overall, we were able to successfully assess the anti-inflammatory effects of DXM and the superiority of the nanoparticle formulation. Nevertheless the identification of robust readout parameters proved challenging and requires careful study design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Graff
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Center of Biological Design, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Hönzke
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany.,Research Unit for Photodermatology, Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Aaroh Anand Joshi
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany.,Department of Nephrology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Guy Yealland
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Emanuel Fleige
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Unbehauen
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Monika Schäfer-Korting
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Hocke
- Department of Internal Medicine/Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Rainer Haag
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sarah Hedtrich
- Department of Internal Medicine/Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Center of Biological Design, 13125 Berlin, Germany.,Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
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19
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Chen BR, Hsu KT, Hsu WH, Lee BH, Li TL, Chan YL, Wu CJ. Immunomodulation and mechanisms of fucoidan from Cladosiphon okamuranus ameliorates atopic dermatitis symptoms. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 189:537-543. [PMID: 34416266 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a long-term allergic skin disorder that occurs most frequently in children. Currently, the common treatment of AD is corticosteroids; however, the drugs cause serious side effects. Therefore, there are many patients who seek complementary and alternative treatments such as healthy food. We report that fucoidan from Cladosiphon okamuranus (COP) exhibit exceptional immuno-modulatory effects significantly improving atopic dermatitis (AD) at both in vitro and in vivo levels: First, we performed the P815 cell degranulation assay, of which the results revealed that COP possesses anti-degranulation activity suggesting COP is very conducive to relieving allergic reactions of AD. Next, we performed the animal model examination, of which AD was significantly improved, suggesting COP can focally and globally modulate the immune systems of animals. The systemic improvements were manifested clearly by decreased epidermal hyperplasia, reduced infiltration of eosinophils, and decreased expression of AD-associated cytokines. Notably, COP reduced epidermal hyperplasia by downregulating the expression of IL-22. COP displayed therapeutic effects, which is comparable to corticosteroids but lack corticosteroid side effects, such as weight loss in our animal study. COP is multitudinous immunomodulatory abilities to serve as a healthy food supplement at the current stage, not least beneficial to atopic dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Rui Chen
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan; Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kung-Ting Hsu
- Department of Food Science and Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hsuan Hsu
- Department of Food Safety, Hygiene and Risk Management, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Bao-Hong Lee
- Department of Horticultural Science, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Lin Li
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Lin Chan
- Department of Life Science, Chinese Culture University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Chang-Jer Wu
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan; Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Food Science and Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan; Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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20
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Cytokines and apoptosis in atopic dermatitis. Postepy Dermatol Alergol 2021; 38:1-13. [PMID: 34408560 PMCID: PMC8362769 DOI: 10.5114/ada.2019.88394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is the most common chronic inflammatory skin disease. AD affects 10-20% of children worldwide and persists into adulthood in a minority of cases, affecting approximately 2-3% of the adult population, with an increased prevalence over the past decades in developed countries. Atopy is a genetic tendency to overproduce IgE class antibodies in response to common antigens found in the environment. Concurrence of different atopy such as allergic rhinitis or asthma in children with AD is estimated at 80%. AD is characterized by a vicious cycle of an allergic immune response. The emerging picture of the AD is a complex disorder with barrier dysfunction, immunological, genetic and environmental factors all playing key roles. Patients with severe or persistent disease and their families experience significant impairment in their quality of life, and in addition, AD places a heavy economic burden on society as a whole. Pathogenesis, the role of the epidermal barrier, mechanisms of cells apoptosis, the role of T cells and cytokines in AD are discussed in this article.
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21
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Yeung K, Mraz V, Geisler C, Skov L, Bonefeld CM. The role of interleukin-1β in the immune response to contact allergens. Contact Dermatitis 2021; 85:387-397. [PMID: 34324721 DOI: 10.1111/cod.13955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is an important pro-inflammatory cytokine that has an effect on almost every cell lineage in the body. By blocking IL-1β and investigating the IL-1β signaling pathway, several studies have demonstrated a central role of IL-1β in the response to contact allergens. This review summarizes the current literature regarding the basic immunological mechanisms mediated by IL-1β in the different phases of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) and highlights potential IL-1β-targeted treatment options, which in the future may be relevant in the treatment of patients with ACD. This review is based primarily on studies using various mouse models and human in vitro studies, since clinical studies on the effect of IL-1β in ACD are lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelvin Yeung
- The LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Veronika Mraz
- The LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carsten Geisler
- The LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lone Skov
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Charlotte M Bonefeld
- The LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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22
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Brulefert A, Hoste A, Muller Q, Fauny JD, Mueller CG, Flacher V. Vitamin D3-elicited CD14+ human skin dendritic cells promote thymic stromal lymphopoietin-independent type 2 T-helper responses. Allergy 2021; 76:2044-2056. [PMID: 33368331 DOI: 10.1111/all.14718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune modulation by vitamin D3 through dendritic cells (DCs) remains controversial. Human DCs exposed in vitro counteract type-1 T-helper (Th1) differentiation and induce regulatory T cells. However, cutaneous application on mice promotes Th2-driven inflammation resembling atopic dermatitis and relying on thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) from keratinocytes and T-cell orientation by TSLP-stimulated skin DCs. We studied the effects of vitamin D3 in human skin, focusing on TSLP production and the role of skin DCs in T-cell differentiation. METHODS Human healthy skin explants were exposed in vitro to vitamin D3 analogs. Migrating DCs were analyzed and TSLP quantified in the supernatant. Allogeneic naïve CD4+ T cells were cocultured with DCs to assess their proliferation and cytokine production. RESULTS Vitamin D3 induced skin DCs to differentiate Th2 cells producing IL-4 and IL-13. Vitamin D3 triggered TSLP release in ~30% of skin explants, correlating with IL-13 detection in Th2 cells. In these donors, blocking TSLP receptor during skin explant cultures abrogated IL-13 production, yet IL-4+ Th2 cells were unaffected. Among skin DCs emerged CD14+ cells that had responded directly to vitamin D3 and differed from classical CD14+ dermal emigrants. Vitamin D3-elicited CD14+ DCs sufficed to promote IL-4+ Th2 cells in a TSLP-independent manner. CONCLUSION Vitamin D3, despite inducing TSLP in some donors, had a direct influence on skin DCs, affecting their phenotype and ability to drive Th2 responses independently of TSLP. Our findings pave the way toward in vitro systems that accurately model human cutaneous Th2 responses, notably involved in atopic dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Brulefert
- Laboratory CNRS UPR3572 Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry (I2CT) / LabEx Medalis, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Astrid Hoste
- Laboratory CNRS UPR3572 Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry (I2CT) / LabEx Medalis, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Quentin Muller
- Laboratory CNRS UPR3572 Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry (I2CT) / LabEx Medalis, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jean-Daniel Fauny
- Laboratory CNRS UPR3572 Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry (I2CT) / LabEx Medalis, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Christopher G Mueller
- Laboratory CNRS UPR3572 Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry (I2CT) / LabEx Medalis, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Vincent Flacher
- Laboratory CNRS UPR3572 Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry (I2CT) / LabEx Medalis, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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23
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Anti-inflammatory effects of a novel phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor, AA6216, in mouse dermatitis models. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 906:174258. [PMID: 34139195 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that is commonly treated with corticosteroids. However, these drugs have long-term adverse effects, representing an unmet need for new treatments. AD is associated with dysregulation of phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) activity in inflammatory cells and the topical PDE4 inhibitor, crisaborole, is approved by the US FDA for mild-to-moderate AD. In this study, we compared the effects of a novel PDE4 inhibitor, AA6216, with those of crisaborole on skin inflammation. We found that AA6216 is a more potent inhibitor of PDE4 and of cytokine production (TNF-α, IL-12/23p40, IL-4, IL-13, and IFN-γ) by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) stimulated by phytohemagglutinin (PHA) or anti-CD3 antibodies, with IC50 values ranging from 5.9 to 47 nM. AA6216 also significantly suppressed skin inflammation in three mouse models of dermatitis. In acute and chronic oxazolone-induced dermatitis models, topical AA6216 exhibited stronger inhibitory effects on ear inflammation and cytokine production (TNFα, IL-1β, and IL-4) in skin lesions compared with crisaborole. In a Dermatophagoides farinae-induced dermatitis model, AA6216 significantly reduced the dermatitis score, based on the development of erythema/hemorrhage, scarring/dryness, edema, and excoriation/erosion, compared with a clinically used topical AD drug, tacrolimus. These results suggest the possibility that AA6216 is a novel and effective topical therapeutic agent for the treatment of dermatitis including AD.
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24
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Kim BE, Kim J, Goleva E, Berdyshev E, Lee J, Vang KA, Lee UH, Han S, Leung S, Hall CF, Kim NR, Bronova I, Lee EJ, Yang HR, Leung DY, Ahn K. Particulate matter causes skin barrier dysfunction. JCI Insight 2021; 6:145185. [PMID: 33497363 PMCID: PMC8021104 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.145185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms that underlie the detrimental effects of particulate matter (PM) on skin barrier function are poorly understood. In this study, the effects of PM2.5 on filaggrin (FLG) and skin barrier function were investigated in vitro and in vivo. The levels of FLG degradation products, including pyrrolidone carboxylic acid, urocanic acid (UCA), and cis/trans-UCA, were significantly decreased in skin tape stripping samples of study subjects when they moved from Denver, an area with low PM2.5, to Seoul, an area with high PM2.5 count. Experimentally, PM2.5 collected in Seoul inhibited FLG, loricrin, keratin-1, desmocollin-1, and corneodesmosin but did not modulate involucrin or claudin-1 in keratinocyte cultures. Moreover, FLG protein expression was inhibited in human skin equivalents and murine skin treated with PM2.5. We demonstrate that this process was mediated by PM2.5-induced TNF-α and was aryl hydrocarbon receptor dependent. PM2.5 exposure compromised skin barrier function, resulting in increased transepidermal water loss, and enhanced the penetration of FITC-dextran in organotypic and mouse skin. PM2.5-induced TNF-α caused FLG deficiency in the skin and subsequently induced skin barrier dysfunction. Compromised skin barrier due to PM2.5 exposure may contribute to the development and the exacerbation of allergic diseases such as atopic dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung Eui Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jihyun Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Environmental Health Center for Atopic Diseases, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Elena Goleva
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Evgeny Berdyshev
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Jinyoung Lee
- Environmental Health Center for Atopic Diseases, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kathryn A Vang
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Un Ha Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Sanggye Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - SongYi Han
- Environmental Health Center for Atopic Diseases, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Susan Leung
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Clifton F Hall
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Na-Rae Kim
- Environmental Health Center for Atopic Diseases, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Irina Bronova
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Eu Jin Lee
- Environmental Health Center for Atopic Diseases, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hye-Ran Yang
- Seoul Metropolitan Government Research Institute of Public Health and Environment, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Donald Ym Leung
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Kangmo Ahn
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Environmental Health Center for Atopic Diseases, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
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25
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Um HN, Baek JO, Park S, Lee EH, Jang J, Park WJ, Roh JY, Jung Y. Small intestinal immune-environmental changes induced by oral tolerance inhibit experimental atopic dermatitis. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:243. [PMID: 33664229 PMCID: PMC7933185 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03534-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis is a chronic skin inflammatory disease mediated by Th2-type immune responses. Although intestinal immune responses have been shown to play a critical role in the development or prevention of atopic dermatitis, the precise influence of intestinal immunity on atopic dermatitis is incompletely understood. We show here that orally tolerized mice are protected from experimental atopic dermatitis induced by sensitization and epicutaneous (EC) challenge to ovalbumin. Although the expression of Th2-type cytokines in the small intestine of orally tolerized and EC-challenged mice did not change significantly, these mice showed decreased inflammatory responses in the small intestine with restoration of microbial change elicited by the EC challenge. Interestingly, an increase in small intestinal eosinophils was observed with the EC challenge, which was also inhibited by oral tolerance. The role of small intestinal eosinophils and microbiota in the pathogenesis of experimental atopic dermatitis was further substantiated by decreased inflammatory mediators in the small intestine and attenuated Th2-type inflammation in the skin of eosinophil-deficient and microbiota-ablated mice with EC challenges. Based on these data, we propose that the bidirectional interaction between the skin and the intestine has a role in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis and that modulation of the intestinal microenvironments could be a therapeutic approach to atopic dermatitis.
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MESH Headings
- Administration, Oral
- Animals
- Bacteria/immunology
- Claudin-4/genetics
- Claudin-4/metabolism
- Cytokines/genetics
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Dermatitis, Atopic/immunology
- Dermatitis, Atopic/metabolism
- Dermatitis, Atopic/microbiology
- Dermatitis, Atopic/prevention & control
- Desensitization, Immunologic
- Disease Models, Animal
- Dysbiosis
- Female
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome
- Host-Pathogen Interactions
- Immune Tolerance
- Intestine, Small/immunology
- Intestine, Small/metabolism
- Intestine, Small/microbiology
- Leukocytes/immunology
- Leukocytes/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Ovalbumin/administration & dosage
- Skin/immunology
- Skin/metabolism
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Na Um
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Science & Technology, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, South Korea
| | - Jin-Ok Baek
- Department of Dermatology, Gachon Gil Medical Center, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, 21565, Korea
| | - Sohyeon Park
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Science & Technology, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, South Korea
| | - Eun-Hui Lee
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, Korea
| | - Jinsun Jang
- Department of Dermatology, Gachon Gil Medical Center, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, 21565, Korea
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, Korea
| | - Woo-Jae Park
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Science & Technology, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, South Korea
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, Korea
| | - Joo-Young Roh
- Department of Dermatology, Gachon Gil Medical Center, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, 21565, Korea.
| | - YunJae Jung
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Science & Technology, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, South Korea.
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, Korea.
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26
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Galliano MF, Bäsler K, Caruana A, Mias C, Bessou-Touya S, Brandner JM, Duplan H. Protective effect of Aquaphilus dolomiae extract-G1, ADE-G1, on tight junction barrier function in a Staphylococcus aureus-infected atopic dermatitis model. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2020; 34 Suppl 5:30-36. [PMID: 32870557 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.16516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common skin disease characterized by recurrent pruritic inflammatory skin lesions and defects of the skin barrier. Bacterial infection with Staphylococcus aureus contributes to increased severity of AD by compromising the barrier further. A microorganism component of Avène Thermal Spring Water, Aquaphilus dolomiae, is thought to contribute to some of its beneficial effects to skin, eg AD alleviation. AIMS Here, we have investigated the effects of an extract of A. dolomiae, A. dolomiae extract-G1 (ADE-G1), on the structural barrier function of keratinocytes, tight junction (TJ) protein expression and the expression of several genes altered in AD patients. METHODS An epidermal cell culture model mimicking the AD environment and phenotype was used, in which S. aureus-infected cell cultures of normal human epidermal keratinocytes were exposed to a proinflammatory environment. Endpoints measured included the transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) and immunohistological staining of the epidermal TJ proteins, claudin and occludin. Additional analysis was made of several genes known to be differentially regulated in skin from AD patients (C-C motif chemokine ligand 20 (CCL20), interleukin-8 (IL-8), S100 calcium binding protein A7 (S100A7), defensin beta 4 (DEFB4) and filaggrin). RESULTS Aquaphilus dolomiae extract-G1 strongly increased TER in non-infected cells and provided protection against infection by overcoming the decrease in TER induced by the infection with S. aureus. In infected cells exposed to a pro-inflammatory environment - depicting AD-like conditions - TER protection by ADE-G1 was still observed. Gene expression analysis of infected and pro-inflammatory stimulated cells indicated that ADE-G1 modulated the inflammatory response (induced IL-8 and attenuated CCL20 expression), increased antimicrobial activities (induced DEFB4 and A100A7) and strengthened barrier function (restored filaggrin expression). CONCLUSIONS ADE-G1 reinforces barrier function and strongly protects TJ barrier disruption induced by bacterial infection and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - K Bäsler
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - A Caruana
- Pierre Fabre Dermo-Cosmétique, Toulouse, France
| | - C Mias
- Pierre Fabre Dermo-Cosmétique, Toulouse, France
| | | | - J M Brandner
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - H Duplan
- Pierre Fabre Dermo-Cosmétique, Toulouse, France
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27
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Shikonin Inhibits Der p 2-Induced Cytokine and Chemokine Expression in Dendritic Cells in Patients with Atopic Dermatitis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:9506363. [PMID: 32802141 PMCID: PMC7417924 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9506363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common inflammatory skin disorder. Shikonin, the active component of Lithospermum erythrorhizon extract, exhibits anti-inflammatory effects. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of shikonin on proinflammatory cytokines and chemokine in patients with AD. Ten patients with AD who were allergic to house dust mite (HDM) and seven healthy controls were recruited in this study. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated, and CD14+ cells were further selected and differentiated to dendritic cells. Dendritic cells stimulated using Der p 2, the major HDM allergen, were cotreated with shikonin for 24 hours, and dexamethasone was used as a control. Culture supernatants were collected, and proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine concentrations were analyzed using a multiplex assay system. Shikonin significantly inhibited Der p 2-induced expression of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-9, and IL-17A; monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1; macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α; MIP-1β; and Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 (RANTES). The inhibitory effects of shikonin on IL-9, MIP-1β, and RANTES expression were stronger than those of dexamethasone. Therefore, Shikonin can be considered a promising drug for AD treatment because it inhibits different inflammatory cytokines expression.
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28
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Caffeoyl-Pro-His amide relieve DNCB-Induced Atopic Dermatitis-Like phenotypes in BALB/c mice. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8417. [PMID: 32439906 PMCID: PMC7242424 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65502-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The main factors involved in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD) are skin barrier abnormality, allergy/immunology, and pruritus. Considering how oxidative stress influences these factors, antioxidant agents may be effective candidates in the treatment of AD. To evaluate the effect of Caffeoyl–Pro–His amide (CA-PH), an antioxidant agent, on 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-induced AD-like phenotypes in BALB/c mice. Topical sensitization and challenge by DNCB were performed on the dorsal skin of BALB/c mice to induce AD-like cutaneous lesions, phenotypes, and immunologic response. CA-PH was applied topically for 2 weeks to assess its effects on DNCB-induced AD-like phenotypes. As a result, CA-PH relieved DNCB-induced AD-like phenotypes quantified by dermatitis severity score, scratching duration, and trans-epidermal water loss. Histopathological analysis showed that CA-PH decreased epidermal thickening, the number of mast cells, and eosinophil infiltration in dermis. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that CA-PH recovered skin barrier-related proteins: filaggrin, involucrin, and loricrin. As for the immunologic aspects, CA-PH treatment lowered mRNA or protein levels of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-6, IL-17a, IL-1b, IL-31, and IL-33 levels and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) levels in cutaneous tissue, reducing the DNCB-induced serum IgE level elevation. In conclusion, topical CA-PH may be a therapeutic option for the treatment of AD.
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29
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Kang LJ, Oh E, Cho C, Kwon H, Lee CG, Jeon J, Lee H, Choi S, Han SJ, Nam J, Song CU, Jung H, Kim HY, Park EJ, Choi EJ, Kim J, Eyun SI, Yang S. 3'-Sialyllactose prebiotics prevents skin inflammation via regulatory T cell differentiation in atopic dermatitis mouse models. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5603. [PMID: 32221370 PMCID: PMC7101440 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62527-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
3'-Sialyllactose (3'-SL), a natural prebiotic, maintains immune homeostasis and exerts anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic effects. Although regulatory T cells (Tregs) prevent excessive inflammation and maintain immune tolerance, the effect of 3'-SL on Treg regulation is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effect of 3'-SL on Treg responses in atopic dermatitis (AD) pathogenesis. Oral administration of 3'-SL reduced AD-like symptoms such as ear, epidermal, and dermal thickness in repeated topical application of house dust mites (HDM) and 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB). 3'-SL inhibited IgE, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α secretion and markedly downregulated AD-related cytokines including IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-13, IL-17, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and Tslp through regulation of NF-κB in ear tissue. Additionally, in vitro assessment of Treg differentiation revealed that 3'-SL directly induced TGF-β-mediated Treg differentiation. Furthermore, 3'-SL administration also ameliorated sensitization and elicitation of AD pathogenesis by suppressing mast cell infiltration and production of IgE and pro-inflammatory cytokines in mouse serum by mediating the Treg response. Furthermore, Bifidobacterium population was also increased by 3'-SL administration as prebiotics. Our data collectively show that 3'-SL has therapeutic effects against AD progression by inducing Treg differentiation, downregulating AD-related cytokines, and increasing the Bifidobacterium population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jung Kang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
- CIRNO, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunjeong Oh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
- CIRNO, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Chanmi Cho
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
- CIRNO, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - HoKeun Kwon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Choong-Gu Lee
- Korea Institute of Science & Technology (KIST) Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangwon-do, 25451, Republic of Korea
| | - Jimin Jeon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
- CIRNO, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyemi Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
- CIRNO, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangil Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
- CIRNO, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Jae Han
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
- CIRNO, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiho Nam
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
- CIRNO, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi-Une Song
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunho Jung
- Synovizen Inc, Seoul, 06621, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Young Kim
- CIRNO, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- Laboratory of mucosal immunology, Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Park
- East-West Medical Research Institute, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ju Choi
- Department of Physical Education, College of Education, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan, 38430, Republic of Korea
| | - Jooyoung Kim
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seong-Il Eyun
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea.
| | - Siyoung Yang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea.
- CIRNO, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
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30
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An EJ, Kim Y, Lee SH, Choi SH, Chung WS, Jang HJ. Ophiopogonin D ameliorates DNCB-induced atopic dermatitis-like lesions in BALB/c mice and TNF-α- inflamed HaCaT cell. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 522:40-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.10.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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31
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Shubin NJ, Clauson M, Niino K, Kasprzak V, Tsuha A, Guga E, Bhise G, Acharya M, Snyder JM, Debley JS, Ziegler SF, Piliponsky AM. Thymic stromal lymphopoietin protects in a model of airway damage and inflammation via regulation of caspase-1 activity and apoptosis inhibition. Mucosal Immunol 2020; 13:584-594. [PMID: 32103153 PMCID: PMC7312418 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-020-0271-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), an epithelial cell-derived cytokine, exhibits both pro-inflammatory and pro-homeostatic properties depending on the context and tissues in which it is expressed. It remains unknown whether TSLP has a similar dual role in the airways, where TSLP is known to promote allergic inflammation. Here we show that TSLP receptor (TSLPR)-deficient mice (Tslpr-/-) and mice treated with anti-TSLP antibodies exhibited increased airway inflammation and morbidity rates after bleomycin-induced tissue damage. We found that signaling through TSLPR on non-hematopoietic cells was sufficient for TSLP's protective function. Consistent with this finding, we showed that TSLP reduces caspase-1 and caspase-3 activity levels in primary human bronchial epithelial cells treated with bleomycin via Bcl-xL up-regulation. These observations were recapitulated in vivo by observing that Tslpr-/- mice showed reduced Bcl-xL expression that paralleled increased lung caspase-1 and caspase-3 activity levels and IL-1β concentrations in the bronchial-alveolar lavage fluid. Our studies reveal a novel contribution for TSLP in preventing damage-induced airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J. Shubin
- 0000 0000 9026 4165grid.240741.4Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101 USA
| | - Morgan Clauson
- 0000 0000 9026 4165grid.240741.4Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101 USA
| | - Kerri Niino
- 0000 0000 9026 4165grid.240741.4Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101 USA
| | - Victoria Kasprzak
- 0000 0000 9026 4165grid.240741.4Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101 USA
| | - Avery Tsuha
- 0000 0000 9026 4165grid.240741.4Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101 USA
| | - Eric Guga
- 0000 0000 9026 4165grid.240741.4Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101 USA
| | - Gauri Bhise
- 0000 0000 9026 4165grid.240741.4Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101 USA
| | - Manasa Acharya
- 0000 0000 9026 4165grid.240741.4Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101 USA
| | - Jessica M. Snyder
- 0000000122986657grid.34477.33Department of Comparative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
| | - Jason S. Debley
- 0000 0000 9026 4165grid.240741.4Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101 USA ,0000 0000 9026 4165grid.240741.4Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Seattle Children’s Hospital, Seattle, WA 98105 USA
| | - Steven F. Ziegler
- 0000 0001 2219 0587grid.416879.5Immunology Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA 98101 USA ,0000000122986657grid.34477.33Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
| | - Adrian M. Piliponsky
- 0000 0000 9026 4165grid.240741.4Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101 USA ,0000000122986657grid.34477.33Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195 USA ,0000000122986657grid.34477.33Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
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Schwartz C, Moran T, Saunders SP, Kaszlikowska A, Floudas A, Bom J, Nunez G, Iwakura Y, O’Neill L, Irvine AD, McKenzie ANJ, Ogg G, Walsh PT, Demengeot J, Fallon PG. Spontaneous atopic dermatitis in mice with a defective skin barrier is independent of ILC2 and mediated by IL-1β. Allergy 2019; 74:1920-1933. [PMID: 30937919 PMCID: PMC6850072 DOI: 10.1111/all.13801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atopic dermatitis (AD) is one of the most common skin diseases with a multifactorial etiology. Mutations leading to loss of skin barrier function are associated with the development of AD with group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) promoting acute skin inflammation. Filaggrin-mutant (Flgft/ft ) mice develop spontaneous skin inflammation accompanied by an increase in skin ILC2 numbers, IL-1β production, and other cytokines recapitulating human AD. Here, we investigated the role of ILC2, effector cytokines, inflammasome activation, and mast cell function on the development of chronic AD-like inflammation in mice. METHODS Mice with a frameshift mutation in the filaggrin gene develop spontaneous dermatitis. Flgft/ft mice were crossed to cell- or cytokine-deficient mouse strains, or bred under germ-free conditions. Skin inflammation was scored, and microbiome composition was analyzed. Skin protein expression was measured by multiplex immunoassay. Infiltrating cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. RESULTS Wild-type and Flgft/ft mice significantly differ in their microbiome composition. Furthermore, mutant mice do not develop skin inflammation under germ-free conditions. ILC2 deficiency did not ameliorate chronic dermatitis in Flgft/ft mice, which was also independent of IL-4, IL-5, IL-9, IL-13, IL-17A, and IL-22. Inflammation was independent of NLRP3 inflammasome activation but required IL-1β and IL-1R1-signaling. Mechanistically, IL-1β promoted hyperactivation of IL-1R1-expressing mast cells. Treatment with anti-IL-1β-antibody alleviated dermatitis exacerbation, while antibiotic intervention ameliorated dermatitis in neonatal mice but not in adults with established inflammation. CONCLUSIONS In summary, we identified a critical role for the microbiome and IL-1β mediating chronic inflammation in mice with an impaired skin barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Schwartz
- School of MedicineTrinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College DublinDublinIreland
- Mikrobiologisches Institut ‐ Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und HygieneUniversitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich‐Alexander Universität (FAU) Erlangen‐NürnbergErlangenGermany
| | - Tara Moran
- School of MedicineTrinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College DublinDublinIreland
- National Children’s Research Centre, Our Lady’s Children’s HospitalDublinIreland
| | - Sean P. Saunders
- School of MedicineTrinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College DublinDublinIreland
- National Children’s Research Centre, Our Lady’s Children’s HospitalDublinIreland
| | - Agnieszka Kaszlikowska
- School of MedicineTrinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College DublinDublinIreland
- National Children’s Research Centre, Our Lady’s Children’s HospitalDublinIreland
| | - Achilleas Floudas
- School of MedicineTrinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College DublinDublinIreland
- National Children’s Research Centre, Our Lady’s Children’s HospitalDublinIreland
| | - Joana Bom
- Instituto Gulbenkian de CiênciaOeirasPortugal
| | - Gabriel Nunez
- Department of Pathology and Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMichigan
| | - Yoichiro Iwakura
- Research Institute for Biomedical SciencesTokyo University of ScienceChibaJapan
| | - Luke O’Neill
- School of Biochemistry and ImmunologyTrinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College DublinDublinIreland
| | - Alan D. Irvine
- National Children’s Research Centre, Our Lady’s Children’s HospitalDublinIreland
- Department of Paediatric DermatologyOur Lady’s Children’s HospitalDublinIreland
| | | | - Graham Ogg
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular MedicineJohn Radcliffe HospitalUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Patrick T. Walsh
- National Children’s Research Centre, Our Lady’s Children’s HospitalDublinIreland
- Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St James’s Hospital, Trinity College DublinDublinIreland
| | | | - Padraic G. Fallon
- School of MedicineTrinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College DublinDublinIreland
- National Children’s Research Centre, Our Lady’s Children’s HospitalDublinIreland
- Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St James’s Hospital, Trinity College DublinDublinIreland
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Kamijo H, Miyagaki T, Hayashi Y, Akatsuka T, Watanabe-Otobe S, Oka T, Shishido-Takahashi N, Suga H, Sugaya M, Sato S. Increased IL-26 Expression Promotes T Helper Type 17- and T Helper Type 2-Associated Cytokine Production by Keratinocytes in Atopic Dermatitis. J Invest Dermatol 2019; 140:636-644.e2. [PMID: 31465744 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.07.713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Whereas atopic dermatitis (AD) is considered as a T helper 2 (Th2)-centered disease, IL-17-producing Th (Th17) cells are also activated in AD lesional skin. However, the relationship between Th17 responses and Th2 responses in AD is still to be elucidated. Although Th17 cells are increased in AD skin, the expression and function of IL-26, which is also produced by Th17 cells, in AD are still unknown. In this report, we demonstrated that IL-26 mRNA expression levels were elevated in AD lesional skin compared with healthy controls and that IL-26-producing cells were increased in AD lesional skin by immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, IL-26 promoted IL-8, IL-1β, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 20, IL-33, and β-defensin 2 production in keratinocytes through phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3. Selective JAK inhibitors for JAK1, JAK2, and tyrosine kinase 2 blocked IL-26-induced cytokine production in keratinocytes. We also showed that injection of IL-26 exacerbated an oxazolone-induced AD mouse model and upregulated Th2 and Th17 cytokine expression in vivo. Because previous studies indicate that the above molecules induced by IL-26 can promote Th17 and/or Th2 immune responses, IL-26 may play an important role for bridging between Th17 and Th2 responses, resulting in the development of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Kamijo
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomomitsu Miyagaki
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Yoshio Hayashi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taro Akatsuka
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sayaka Watanabe-Otobe
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomonori Oka
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naomi Shishido-Takahashi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Dermatology, International University of Health and Welfare, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiraku Suga
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Sugaya
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Dermatology, International University of Health and Welfare, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shinichi Sato
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Redhu D, Franke K, Kumari V, Francuzik W, Babina M, Worm M. Thymic stromal lymphopoietin production induced by skin irritation results from concomitant activation of protease-activated receptor 2 and interleukin 1 pathways. Br J Dermatol 2019; 182:119-129. [PMID: 30924922 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.17940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) mediates proallergic T helper 2-type responses by acting on leucocytes. Endogenous pathways regulating TSLP production are poorly defined. OBJECTIVES To uncover the mechanisms by which skin barrier disruption elicits TSLP production and to delineate the level at which individual mechanistic components may converge. METHODS A combination of primary keratinocytes, skin explants and in vivo strategies was employed. Murine skin was tape stripped in the presence of neutralizing antibodies or antagonists. Cells and explants were stimulated with interleukin (IL)-1 and protease-activated receptor 2 agonist (PAR-2-Ag). TSLP levels were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and promoter reporter assays were used to examine recruitment and functional activity of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) at the TSLP promoter. RESULTS TSLP induction in mouse skin occurred in a PAR-2- and IL-1-dependent manner. This scenario was duplicated by exogenous IL-1 plus PAR-2-Ag vs. each stimulus alone. Joint activity of PAR-2 and IL-1 was also observed in human keratinocytes. The TSLP promoter was identified as the target of PAR-2/IL-1, whereby PAR-2 activation augmented the recruitment of NF-κB and transcriptional activation over IL-1 alone. Combined treatment showed activity at concentrations of IL-1 unable to elicit NF-κB activity on their own. CONCLUSIONS Skin barrier disruption activates the IL-1 and the PAR-2 pathways, which act in concert to activate the TSLP promoter and possibly other inflammatory genes. Awareness of this combined activity may permit a more flexible clinical management by selective targeting of either pathway individually or collectively. What's already known about this topic? Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is rapidly induced upon skin perturbation and mediates proallergic T helper 2-type responses by acting on leucocytes. Endogenous control of TSLP expression is poorly understood, but interleukin (IL)-1 is one regulator in the cutaneous environment In addition to IL-1, protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR-2) organizes central inflammatory pathways in the skin. What does this study add? IL-1 and PAR-2 pathways cooperate in driving TSLP production in mice and humans. Pathway integration occurs at the level of the TSLP promoter through enhanced recruitment and transcriptional activation of nuclear factor kappa B. When PAR-2 is co-stimulated, very low IL-1 levels (inactive by themselves) can induce biologically meaningful responses in the skin environment. What is the translational message? Physical skin irritation results in robust TSLP production by simultaneous activation of PAR-2 and IL-1 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Redhu
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Allergy Center Charité, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - K Franke
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Allergy Center Charité, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - V Kumari
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Allergy Center Charité, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - W Francuzik
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Allergy Center Charité, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - M Babina
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Allergy Center Charité, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - M Worm
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Allergy Center Charité, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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35
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3D-Organotypic Cultures to Unravel Molecular and Cellular Abnormalities in Atopic Dermatitis and Ichthyosis Vulgaris. Cells 2019; 8:cells8050489. [PMID: 31121896 PMCID: PMC6562513 DOI: 10.3390/cells8050489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is characterized by dry and itchy skin evolving into disseminated skin lesions. AD is believed to result from a primary acquired or a genetically-induced epidermal barrier defect leading to immune hyper-responsiveness. Filaggrin (FLG) is a protein found in the cornified envelope of fully differentiated keratinocytes, referred to as corneocytes. Although FLG null mutations are strongly associated with AD, they are not sufficient to induce the disease. Moreover, most patients with ichthyosis vulgaris (IV), a monogenetic skin disease characterized by FLG homozygous, heterozygous, or compound heterozygous null mutations, display non-inflamed dry and scaly skin. Thus, all causes of epidermal barrier impairment in AD have not yet been identified, including those leading to the Th2-predominant inflammation observed in AD. Three dimensional organotypic cultures have emerged as valuable tools in skin research, replacing animal experimentation in many cases and precluding the need for repeated patient biopsies. Here, we review the results on IV and AD obtained with epidermal or skin equivalents and consider these findings in the context of human in vivo data. Further research utilizing complex models including immune cells and cutaneous innervation will enable finer dissection of the pathogenesis of AD and deepen our knowledge of epidermal biology.
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36
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A murine model of atopic dermatitis can be generated by painting the dorsal skin with hapten twice 14 days apart. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5988. [PMID: 29662233 PMCID: PMC5902631 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24363-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug development involves pharmacometric experiments in animals. Such experiments should limit animal pain and stress. Conventional murine models of atopic dermatitis (AD) used in drug development are generated by weekly painting of hapten on dorsal skin for 5 weeks. The present study aimed to develop a protocol that involves less animal distress. The experiments focused on serum total IgE levels, which are a marker of AD. The conventional protocol induced ever rising IgE levels. Experiments with extended intervals between sensitizations showed that IgE peaked ~5 days after the second sensitization, after which it returned to the control level within 12-19 days. An additional third sensitization on day 28 further increased the serum IgE level. In the 4-5 days after the second sensitization, the dorsal skin exhibited typical AD-like lesions with edema, scabs, epithelial-cell hypertrophy, marked mast-cell and lymphocyte infiltration of dermis, and increased IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-1β, IL-17A, IFN-γ and TNF-α expression. Thus, two 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene sensitizations yield a murine AD model in less than 20 days. This study shows that animal model protocols used in drug development can be fine-tuned so that they remain effective yet cause animals less stress and pain.
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37
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Tidwell WJ, Fowler JF. T-cell inhibitors for atopic dermatitis. J Am Acad Dermatol 2017; 78:S67-S70. [PMID: 29248519 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2017.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The management of atopic dermatitis is changing with the development of novel biologic agents to target specific molecules in the inflammatory cascade. Following the ability of dupilumab has proved its ability to act on the interleukin 4 receptor in treating atopic dermatitis. Thymic stromal lymphopoietin monoclonal antibody (AMG157/MEDI9929) and OX40 blocking antibody (GBR 830) were developed by targeting the same pathway as dupilumab further upstream. The clinical data on the efficacy for these drugs are not yet known. There is some early evidence that AMG157/MEDI9929 attenuates most measures of allergen-induced asthmatic responses. However, there are no public data on its ability to treat atopic dermatitis. In a phase 2a study, GBR 830 showed at least a 50% reduction in the Eczema Area and Severity Index scores of 17 of 23 patients, but it was not sufficiently powered for identification of statistical differences between GBR 830 versus placebo. Although there is potential for these 2 drugs to greatly improve the management of severe atopic dermatitis, significant clinical trials have not yet been completed to prove efficacy, and there are not yet any available phase 3 clinical trials, which are needed to truly evaluate their efficacy in affecting T-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- W James Tidwell
- Micrographic Surgery and Cutaneous Oncology, Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, California; Division of Dermatology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky.
| | - Joseph F Fowler
- Division of Dermatology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
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