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Dragone M, Colella A, Esposito C, Bacchini D. Exploring the effect of environmental sensitivity on emotional fluctuations among adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic: a three-wave longitudinal study. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1443054. [PMID: 39105152 PMCID: PMC11298977 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1443054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted the emotional well-being of adolescents worldwide. Some studies suggested that individuals with high Environmental Sensitivity may have been more likely to experience poor psychological adjustment during the pandemic than those with lower sensitivity. However, there is still limited research on how emotional responses varied across different stages of the pandemic and whether Environmental Sensitivity increased adolescents' vulnerability to the psychological impact of prolonged pandemic restrictions. Methods To address this gap, this study used a three-year longitudinal design (2020-2022) with a sample of 453 adolescents. They completed an online survey measuring their positive and negative emotions throughout the pandemic period, with Environmental Sensitivity considered a time-invariant covariate. Results The results revealed that all participants, regardless of their level of Environmental Sensitivity, experienced a decrease in positive emotionality between the first and second years. However, this trend reversed, showing an increase between the second and third years. Regarding negative emotions, highly sensitive adolescents experienced a significant linear increase over time. In contrast, low-and medium-sensitive adolescents exhibited a quadratic trend, with a notable increase in negative emotions between the first and second years, followed by a slight decrease between the second and third years. Discussion These findings provide further evidence of the negative impact of the pandemic on adolescents' emotional well-being. They also support the notion that Environmental Sensitivity is associated with individuals' ability to respond and adjust to adverse life events, with significant implications for future research and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirella Dragone
- Faculty of Law, Giustino Fortunato University, Benevento, Italy
| | - Alessandra Colella
- Department of Humanities, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Concetta Esposito
- Department of Humanities, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Dario Bacchini
- Department of Humanities, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
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Liu J, Cao C, Zhang Y. Understanding COVID-19-Related Behaviors, Worries, and Attitudes among Chinese: Roles of Personality and Severity. Behav Sci (Basel) 2024; 14:482. [PMID: 38920814 PMCID: PMC11201275 DOI: 10.3390/bs14060482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, people exhibited various forms of adjustments. This study examines how situational factors (i.e., the severity of COVID-19) and individual differences (i.e., the HEXACO traits) affect one's COVID-19-related responses regarding behaviors (i.e., mask-wearing and hoarding), worries (i.e., worrying about infecting and spreading COVID-19), and attitudes (i.e., discrimination and empathy toward people infecting COVID-19) in China. With a sample of 927 participants, our results show that the severity of COVID-19 was predictive of all the responses, and its predictive value was more pronounced relative to personality traits. Concerning the association between personality traits and responses, Honesty-Humility and Conscientiousness were predictive of one's behaviors, Emotionality was predictive of one's worries, and almost all the HEXACO traits were associated with one's attitudes toward people infected with COVID-19. This study sheds some light on understanding how situations and individual differences shape one's responses in a time of emergency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Faculty of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; (J.L.); (C.C.)
| | - Chun Cao
- Faculty of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; (J.L.); (C.C.)
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- School of Philosophy and Sociology, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
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Di Matteo R, Bolgeo T, Dal Molin A, Bassola B, Lusignani M, Maconi A, Rasero L, Vellone E, Iovino P. Self-care behaviours and their determinants in people affected by coronary heart disease. J Clin Nurs 2024. [PMID: 38837821 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.17299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe self-care in Italian adults with coronary heart disease and to identify sociodemographic and clinical determinants of self-care. DESIGN This is a cross-sectional analysis of data from the Italian multicentre longitudinal study. METHODS We used the follow instruments: Self-Care of coronary heart disease inventory, Self-care Self Efficacy Scale, Charlson Comorbidity Index and Sociodemographic questionnaire. Descriptive statistics including absolute numbers, percentages, means and standard deviations were used to describe the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the sample, and the items. A structural equation model was fitted to understand sociodemographic and clinical variables associated with self-care, and possible effects mediated by self-efficacy. RESULTS We enrolled 427 patients. Self-care maintenance, monitoring, management and self-care self-efficacy means scores were 58.27 (SD = 20.07), 48.53 (SD = 26.97), 65.34 (SD = 22.85) and 77.16 (SD = 20.76), respectively. Except for the self-care self-efficacy scale, all the scores lay below the cut off 70 for adequacy. Older age, higher comorbidities, a higher number of stents placed, and the presence of a caregiver predicted poor self-care. CONCLUSION Self-care in Italian CHD populations is poor. Several associations were found between the dimensions of self-care and sociodemographic factors. Implications for the profession these findings are important for health care providers to plan interventions to improve self-care behaviour. IMPACT The study addressed self-care behaviours of coronary heart disease patients. Self-care was poor in this population; several associations were found between the dimensions of self-care and sociodemographic and clinical determinants. Our results can be used to support health professionals in planning interventions to improve specific self-care domains. REPORTING METHOD STROBE checklist was followed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Di Matteo
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Research Training Innovation Infrastructure - Department of Research and Innovation, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria SS Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Tatiana Bolgeo
- Research Training Innovation Infrastructure - Department of Research and Innovation, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria SS Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Alberto Dal Molin
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
- Health Professions' Direction, Maggiore della Carità Hospital, Novara, Italy
| | - Barbara Bassola
- School of Nursing, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
| | - Maura Lusignani
- School of Nursing, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Science for Health, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
| | - Antonio Maconi
- Research Training Innovation Infrastructure - Department of Research and Innovation, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria SS Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Laura Rasero
- Health Sciences Department, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Ercole Vellone
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Department of Nursing and Obstetrics, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Paolo Iovino
- Health Sciences Department, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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de Francisco Carvalho L, Koich Miguel F, Machado GM, de Oliveira C, Pianowski G. Antisocial personality traits relationship with behaviours and beliefs on COVID-19 containment measures: Investigation in a large Brazilian sample. Personal Ment Health 2024; 18:138-147. [PMID: 38149314 DOI: 10.1002/pmh.1601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
In the COVID-19 context, traits associated with antisociality can decrease concern and awareness about the potential harmfulness of the virus. This study investigated associations of pathological traits of antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) with behaviours and beliefs linked to COVID-19 containment measures. The sample consisted of 2230 Brazilian adults who answered ASPD-related facets of the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 and a questionnaire regarding adherence to COVID-19 containment measures. We applied the DSM-5 ASPD criteria to divide the sample into antisocial and non-antisocial groups. Our findings suggest that individuals meeting the criteria for ASPD tend to exhibit reduced compliance with pandemic control measures and lower adherence to hygiene practices. Moreover, sex, income, and age should be considered potential covariates in research investigating the relationship between antisocial traits and adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures. Altogether, our findings highlight ASPD traits' role in the predisposition to lack of prosocial behaviours of adherence to COVID-19 containment measures.
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Konishi N, Kimura M, Takeda Y. Prosociality predicts changes in leisure activities during the COVID-19 pandemic. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1320885. [PMID: 38476389 PMCID: PMC10927729 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1320885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Several studies suggest that leisure activities enhance well-being. In line with this perspective, a recent study indicates that augmenting indoor leisure activities to compensate for diminished outdoor pursuits could sustain or enhance well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic. The present study was designed to identify personality traits that predict such behavioral shifts in indoor versus outdoor leisure activities during the pandemic. The present study included 657 participants (Mage = 41.08) and measured 12 personality traits that a previous study reported were associated with health-protective behaviors during COVID-19. Our findings indicate that the rise in indoor leisure activities correlated with prosocial tendencies toward family and friends/acquaintances (but not strangers), self-centered interest, resilience, and Big Five personality traits. Conversely, the decline in outdoor activities was linked solely to prosociality toward family and friends/acquaintances. Further interaction analysis uncovered that prosocial tendencies toward close relations predicted increased indoor activities as an alternative to outdoor engagements. We concluded that prosociality promoted behavioral changes that significantly prevented infections in intimate others, and it could maintain personal well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic by facilitating behavior change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Konishi
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Japan
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6
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Carbone E, Lenti G, Sella E, Moè A, Borella E. Emotion regulation, hope, and optimism during the third wave of the COVID-19 pandemic: The role of age and personality. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0296205. [PMID: 38166132 PMCID: PMC10760832 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS This study examined age-related differences between young and older adults' emotion regulation, hope, and optimism 1 year after the COVID-19 outbreak. Whether personality explained such outcomes was also examined. METHOD A sample of 228 young adults and 161 older adults was interviewed in April-May 2021 to complete questionnaires assessing cognitive reappraisal (CR) and expressive suppression (ES) emotion regulation strategies use, optimism, hope (agency and pathways components), and personality traits. RESULTS Older adults reported greater CR and ES use, optimism, and hope-agency levels than young adults, whereas no age differences emerged for hope-pathway scores. Personality traits (more consistently emotional stability) contributed to explaining CR and ES use, and greater hopeful and optimistic dispositions. CONCLUSIONS These findings confirm older adults' advantage in facing the emotional and psychological fallout of the COVID-19 pandemic in its third wave. They also underscore the importance of considering personality to depict individual profiles prone to experiencing long-term negative emotional/psychological consequences of emergencies as COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Carbone
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Graziana Lenti
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Enrico Sella
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Angelica Moè
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Erika Borella
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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7
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Bacon AM, Charlesford J, Hyland M, Puskas T, Hughes P. Finding Silver Linings in the Covid-19 Pandemic: A 2-Wave Study in the UK. Psychol Rep 2023:332941231219788. [PMID: 38032051 DOI: 10.1177/00332941231219788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
The Covid-19 pandemic has resulted in widespread anxiety, fear and depression, yet focussing only on these negative issues may obscure the opportunity to promote positivity and resilience. Traumatic events can often result in positive life changes (adversarial growth) though there is little evidence in the context of pandemics, and no previous studies in Covid-19 with the general public. The present research investigated whether adversarial growth was perceived in Covid-19 and whether this could account for variance in wellbeing, over and above effects of personality traits. Participants recruited from the UK public (N = 183) completed the Big Five Personality Inventory, the WHO-5 Wellbeing Scale and the Silver Lining Questionnaire (SLQ) measure of adversarial growth. Questionnaires were completed online, at two timepoints, nine months apart. At Time 1, wellbeing was negatively associated with trait Neuroticism and positively associated with Openness to experience. Both associations were positively mediated by SLQ score. At Time 2, SLQ score again mediated the effects of Openness on wellbeing, and also the influence of wellbeing at Time 1 on that at Time 2. Reported Silver Linings included strengthened personal relationships at Time 1, and improved ability to handle life events at Time 2. This suggests a shift from an appreciation of relationships to an awareness of personal development once life returned to some semblance of normality. Overall, results suggest that perceived adversarial growth supported wellbeing during the pandemic and highlight a focus for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison M Bacon
- School of Psychology, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | | | - Michael Hyland
- School of Psychology, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | - Tilla Puskas
- School of Psychology, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | - Poppy Hughes
- School of Psychology, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
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Ayers JD, Guevara Beltrán D, Van Horn A, Cronk L, Hurmuz-Sklias H, Todd PM, Aktipis A. COVID-19 and friendships: Agreeableness and neuroticism are associated with more concern about COVID-19 and friends' risky behaviors. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2023; 213:112297. [PMID: 37324175 PMCID: PMC10258584 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2023.112297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Given the importance of friendships during challenging times and the mixed associations between personality traits and disease-related behaviors, we investigated the correlations between personality traits and perceptions of friendships during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data were collected as part of a longitudinal investigation of the correlations between the pandemic and various cooperative relationships. In this investigation, we found that agreeableness and neuroticism predicted participants being more concerned about COVID-19 and bothered by friends' risky behavior, and extraversion predicted enjoying helping friends during the pandemic. Our results suggest that personality differences are associated with how individuals cope with friends' risky behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica D Ayers
- Department of Psychological Science, Boise State University, United States
| | | | - Andrew Van Horn
- Departments of Physics and Art History, Case Western Reserve University, United States
| | - Lee Cronk
- Department of Anthropology, Rutgers University, United States
| | | | - Peter M Todd
- Cognitive Science Program and Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University Bloomington, United States
| | - Athena Aktipis
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, United States
- Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, United States
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Ding Y, Ishibashi R, Abe T, Honda A, Sugiura M. A multifactorial framework of psychobehavioral determinants of coping behaviors: an online survey at the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1200473. [PMID: 37636823 PMCID: PMC10448049 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1200473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 dramatically changed people's behavior because of the need to adhere to infection prevention and to overcome general adversity resulting from the implementation of infection prevention measures. However, coping behavior has not been fully distinguished from risk perception, and a comprehensive picture of demographic, risk-perception, and psychobehavioral factors that influence the major coping-behavior factors remain to be elucidated. In this study, we recruited 2,885 Japanese participants. Major coping-behavior and risk-perception factors were identified via exploratory factor analysis of 50 candidate items. Then, we conducted a hierarchical multiple regression analysis to investigate factors associated with each coping-behavior factor. We identified four types of coping behavior [CB1 (mask-wearing), CB2 (information-seeking), CB3 (resistance to social stagnation), and CB4 (infection-prevention)] and three risk-perception factors [RP1 (shortages of daily necessities), RP2 (medical concerns), and RP3 (socioeconomic concerns)]. CB1 was positively associated with female sex and etiquette. CB2 was positively related to RP1 and RP3. CB3 was positively related to RP1 and leadership, and negatively associated with etiquette. CB4 was positively associated with female sex, etiquette, and active well-being. This parsimonious model may help to elucidate essential social dynamics and provide a theoretical framework for coping behavior during a pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ding
- Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryo Ishibashi
- Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Center for Information and Neural Networks (CiNet), Osaka, Japan
| | - Tsuneyuki Abe
- Graduate School of Arts and Letters, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Akio Honda
- Faculty of Informatics, Shizuoka Institute of Science and Technology, Fukuroi, Japan
| | - Motoaki Sugiura
- Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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Nahum S, Kushnir T. The Relationship between Socio-Demographic Factors, Preventive Health Behaviors and Acceptance of COVID-19 Vaccine among Israeli Pregnant Women during the Coronavirus Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6526. [PMID: 37569066 PMCID: PMC10418854 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20156526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The outbreak of the Coronavirus disease led the World Health Organization to publish recommendations regarding preventive health behaviors (PHB). Pregnant women are at a higher risk of severe COVID-19 infection and adherence to these recommendations is critical. There are little data regarding PHB among pregnant women. The current study aims to evaluate the contribution of socio-demographic factors and COVID-19 vaccinations in predicting PHB among pregnant women. METHOD 202 pregnant Israeli women (mean age = 30.8 years) participated in an online survey in 2021. RESULTS 88% of the women were vaccinated and few had been infected. Of the women, 75.2% reported wearing face masks in closed spaces, while 12.4% reported wearing masks outdoors; 63.9% of the women did not travel abroad for fear of infection by the virus and 51% avoided crowded events. A simultaneous regression analysis to predict PHB indicated that pregnancy week and Coronavirus vaccination significantly and positively predicted PHB, but religious status was a negative predictor. Age, number of children, and level of education were not associated with PHB. CONCLUSIONS These findings can be helpful as a preliminary evidence base for policy-making at present and for future epidemics regarding guidelines on PHB adjusted for pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shir Nahum
- Department of Psychology, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel;
| | - Talma Kushnir
- Department of Psychology, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel;
- Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel
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Junça-Silva A, Caetano A. How followers' neuroticism buffers the role of the leader in their daily mental health via daily positive affect: A multilevel approach. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2023.112190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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12
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Baker MN, Merkley E. Dynamic role of personality in explaining COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and refusal. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1163570. [PMID: 37397332 PMCID: PMC10311497 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1163570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccine hesitancy and refusal are threats to sufficient response to the COVID-19 pandemic and public health efforts more broadly. We focus on personal characteristics, specifically personality, to explain what types of people are resistant to COVID-19 vaccination and how the influence of these traits changed as circumstances surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic evolved. We use a large survey of over 40,000 Canadians between November 2020 and July 2021 to examine the relationship between personality and vaccine hesitancy and refusal. We find that all five facets of the Big-5 (openness to experience, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and negative emotionality) are associated with COVID-19 vaccine refusal. Three facets (agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness) tended to decline in importance as the vaccination rate and COVID-19 cases grew. Two facets (extraversion and negative emotionality) maintained or increased in their importance as pandemic circumstances changed. This study highlights the influence of personal characteristics on vaccine hesitancy and refusal and the need for additional study on foundational explanations of these behaviors. It calls for additional research on the dynamics of personal characteristics in explaining vaccine hesitancy and refusal. The influence of personality may not be immutable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa N. Baker
- Department of Political Science and Public Administration, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Eric Merkley
- Department of Political Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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13
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Uenishi S, Buyo M, Sato S, Kojitani H, Odachi R, Matsuoka T, Okuda Y, Kimoto S, Hironishi M, Takahashi S. Impact of individual factors and personality trait on psychological problems of family members living with staff of a COVID-19 frontline hospital: A cross-sectional self-administered anonymous questionnaire survey. PCN REPORTS : PSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCES 2023; 2:e110. [PMID: 38868148 PMCID: PMC11114314 DOI: 10.1002/pcn5.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Aim This study aims to evaluate the association between individual factors/personality traits and depression and anxiety in family members living with staff working on the frontline of COVID-19 care. Methods The subjects were family members over the age of 15 years living with staff members of a COVID-19 frontline hospital. Between March 27 and April 11, 2021, 204 self-administered anonymous questionnaires were distributed, and 149 responses were received. Symptoms of depression and anxiety were assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Personality trait was assessed using the Big Five personality traits, and fear of COVID-19 was assessed using the Fear of COVID-19 Scale. We examined associations between HADS depression or anxiety scores with individual background factors, scores of Big Five personality traits, and Fear of COVID-19 Scale. Results The participants with anxiety had significantly higher scores for neuroticism and for the Fear of COVID-19 Scale. The participants with depression had significantly lower scores for extraversion and higher scores for the Fear of COVID-19 Scale. No individual background factors were significantly associated with HADS depression or anxiety scores. Conclusion Among family members of staff of a COVID-19 frontline hospital, lower extraversion, higher neuroticism, and fear of COVID-19 were associated with anxiety and depression. This questionnaire survey was conducted before wide-spread rollout of COVID-19 vaccination, so the findings of this study are expected to be applicable to other future novel infectious outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Uenishi
- Department of NeuropsychiatryWakayama Medical UniversityWakayamaJapan
- Department of PsychiatryHidaka HospitalGoboJapan
| | - Momoko Buyo
- Division of Health SciencesOsaka University Graduate School of MedicineSuitaJapan
| | - Seiji Sato
- Nursing DepartmentWakayama Medical University Kihoku HospitalKatsuragiJapan
| | - Hiroko Kojitani
- Nursing DepartmentWakayama Medical University Kihoku HospitalKatsuragiJapan
| | - Ryo Odachi
- Division of Health SciencesOsaka University Graduate School of MedicineSuitaJapan
| | - Toshiko Matsuoka
- Nursing DepartmentWakayama Medical University Kihoku HospitalKatsuragiJapan
| | - Yuka Okuda
- Department of AnesthesiologyWakayama Medical UniversityWakayamaJapan
| | - Sohei Kimoto
- Department of NeuropsychiatryWakayama Medical UniversityWakayamaJapan
| | - Masaya Hironishi
- Department of Internal MedicineWakayama Medical University Kihoku HospitalKatsuragiJapan
| | - Shun Takahashi
- Department of NeuropsychiatryWakayama Medical UniversityWakayamaJapan
- Department of PsychiatryOsaka University Graduate School of MedicineSuitaJapan
- Graduate School of Rehabilitation ScienceOsaka Metropolitan UniversityHabikinoJapan
- Clinical Research and Education CenterAsakayama General HospitalSakaiJapan
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14
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Burro R, Vicentini G, Raccanello D. Big Five personality traits and coping strategies of Italian university students during the COVID-19 pandemic first wave. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1150674. [PMID: 37260964 PMCID: PMC10227622 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1150674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Little is known about the role personality traits may have played for university students in diminishing and compensating for the negative impact of COVID-19 in its early phases, promoting adaptive coping. University students represent a population which was consistently obliged to follow social distance rules due to the early shift of many organizations from face-to-face to online learning. Therefore, it is worth exploring whether the Big Five traits acted as risk or protective factors after the outbreak of a disaster such as the COVID-19 pandemic for Italian university students. Methods We involved a sample of 2,995 university students who completed an online survey in March 2020. We measured the Big Five personality traits through the Big Five Inventory-2-XS and their coping strategies through the Robust-Pandemic Coping Scale. The latter assessed four COVID-19-related coping dimensions, namely Despair (e.g., including helplessness and feeling lack of control), Aversion (e.g., referring to oppositive strategies), Proactivity (e.g., comprising problem solving and information seeking), and Adjustment (e.g., concerning reappraisal and assertiveness). Results Preliminarily, two Linear Mixed Models indicated that university students had higher scores in Conscientiousness, followed by Open-Mindedness, and then Agreeableness. These three traits were, in turn, higher than Extraversion and Negative Emotionality, which did not differ among them. Concerning coping, university students reacted more frequently utilizing adaptive strategies (with Proactivity used more frequently than Adjustment) rather than maladaptive strategies (with Despair higher than Aversion). A Path Analysis examining the relations between the Big Five traits and the four coping dimensions showed that Negative Emotionality can be considered as a risk factor, and that Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, and Open-Mindedness can be conceptualized as protective factors. More interestingly, we found that Extraversion entailed both a risk and a protective role for Italian university students after the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. Discussion Notwithstanding limitations, these findings can be the basis for developing disaster preparation and prevention actions, aiming at promoting students' positive coping towards current and future disasters.
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Alves P, Martins H, Saraiva P, Carneiro J, Novais P, Marreiros G. Group recommender systems for tourism: how does personality predict preferences for attractions, travel motivations, preferences and concerns? USER MODELING AND USER-ADAPTED INTERACTION 2023:1-70. [PMID: 37359944 PMCID: PMC10183697 DOI: 10.1007/s11257-023-09361-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
To travel in leisure is an emotional experience, and therefore, the more the information about the tourist is known, the more the personalized recommendations of places and attractions can be made. But if to provide recommendations to a tourist is complex, to provide them to a group is even more. The emergence of personality computing and personality-aware recommender systems (RS) brought a new solution for the cold-start problem inherent to the conventional RS and can be the leverage needed to solve conflicting preferences in heterogenous groups and to make more precise and personalized recommendations to tourists, as it has been evidenced that personality is strongly related to preferences in many domains, including tourism. Although many studies on psychology of tourism can be found, not many predict the tourists' preferences based on the Big Five personality dimensions. This work aims to find how personality relates to the choice of a wide range of tourist attractions, traveling motivations, and travel-related preferences and concerns, hoping to provide a solid base for researchers in the tourism RS area to automatically model tourists in the system without the need for tedious configurations, and solve the cold-start problem and conflicting preferences. By performing Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis on the data gathered from an online questionnaire, sent to Portuguese individuals from different areas of formation and age groups (n = 1035), we show all five personality dimensions can help predict the choice of tourist attractions and travel-related preferences and concerns, and that only neuroticism and openness predict traveling motivations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Alves
- ALGORITMI Research Centre/LASI, University of Minho, Guimarães, Portugal
- GECAD/LASI, ISEP, Polytechnic of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Pedro Saraiva
- Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - João Carneiro
- GECAD/LASI, ISEP, Polytechnic of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paulo Novais
- ALGORITMI Research Centre/LASI, University of Minho, Guimarães, Portugal
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16
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Stephan Y, Sutin AR, Luchetti M, Aschwanden D, Terracciano A. Personality and aging-related immune phenotype. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2023; 153:106113. [PMID: 37120948 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
An aging-related immune phenotype (ARIP) has been defined as a decrease in naïve T cells (TN) relative to the accumulation of memory T cells (TM). Recent research implicates ARIP measures, such as CD4 +TN/TM and CD8 +TN/TM ratios, in multimorbidity and mortality. This study examined whether psychological dispositions that assess how people think, feel, and behave are related to CD4 +TN/TM and CD8 +TN/TM. Participants were adults aged 50-104 years (N = 4798; 58% women, Mean Age= 67.95, SD= 9.56) from the Health and Retirement Study. Data on CD4 +TN/TM and CD8 +TN/TM were obtained in 2016. Data on personality, demographic factors, and potential clinical (body mass index, disease burden), behavioral (smoking, alcohol, physical activity), psychological (depressive symptoms, stress), and biological (cytomegalovirus IgG antibodies) mediating factors were obtained in 2014/2016. Controlling for demographic factors, higher conscientiousness was related to higher CD4 +TN/TM and CD8 +TN/TM. To a lesser extent, higher neuroticism and lower extraversion were associated with lower CD4 +TN/TM. Physical activity, and to a lesser extent BMI and disease burden, were the most robust mediators between personality and ARIP measures. Cytomegalovirus IgG level mediated the association between conscientiousness and both CD4 +TN/TM and CD8 +TN/TM. This study provides novel evidence that personality is related to ARIP. Higher conscientiousness and, to a lesser extent, higher extraversion may be protective against age-related immunophenotype change, whereas neuroticism may be a risk factor.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Angelina R Sutin
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, College of Medicine, Florida State University, USA
| | - Martina Luchetti
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, College of Medicine, Florida State University, USA
| | - Damaris Aschwanden
- Department of Geriatrics, College of Medicine, Florida State University, USA; Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Antonio Terracciano
- Department of Geriatrics, College of Medicine, Florida State University, USA
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17
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Pianowski G, Giromini L, Pimentel ROFA, Gonçalves AP, Machado GM, Hosseininasab A, Alghraibeh AM, Brusadelli E, Rooney EA, Colombarolli MS, Tajamolian M, Herzog NK, Rusconi P, Kelly P, Zare S, Ales F, Pignolo C, Andò A, Zennaro A, Di Girolamo M, de Francisco Carvalho L. Cross-cultural investigation from nine countries on the associations of antisocial traits and the WHO's containment measures for the COVID-19 pandemic. Scand J Psychol 2023; 64:194-204. [PMID: 36240143 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Personality traits play a role in prosocial behavior in relation to containment measures intended to tackle the COVID-19 pandemic. Empirical findings indicated that individuals high in socially aversive traits such as callousness are less compliant with containment measures. This study aimed to add cross-cultural data on the relationship between antisocial traits and adherence to COVID-19 containment measures. The sample consisted of 4,538 adults recruited by convenience in nine countries (Australia, Brazil, England, Iraq, Iran, Italy, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, and the United States). Statistical analyses indicated two latent profiles from our sample, empathic and antisocial, and six COVID-19 containment-measure-related factors using measures covering antisocial traits (PID-5), empathy (ACME), global personality pathology (LPFS-BF), and COVID-19 behaviors and beliefs. Through MANCOVA, the antisocial profile consistently showed less compliance and concern about the COVID-19 containment measures, even when controlling for demographics and local pandemic covariables. The network analysis indicated a lack of empathy and callousness as crucial traits of the predisposition to non-compliant behavior. In elaborating on prosocial campaigns in community emergencies, our cross-cultural findings would need to consider personality traits that focus on antisociality, anticipating similar associations and potential impacts in future disease outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Peter Kelly
- University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
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18
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Sutin AR, Luchetti M, Aschwanden D, Sesker AA, Zhu X, Stephan Y, Terracciano A. Five-Factor Model Personality Domains and Facets Associated with Markers of Cognitive Health. JOURNAL OF INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2023; 44:97-108. [PMID: 37214235 PMCID: PMC10195061 DOI: 10.1027/1614-0001/a000383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Using a diverse, age-stratified sample (N=3,478; age range 18-90) this study examines the cross-sectional association between five-factor model personality traits - domains and facets - and three measures of cognitive health - processing speed, visuospatial ability, subjective memory - and whether these associations vary by age, race, and ethnicity. Consistent with the literature on personality and cognitive health, higher openness and conscientiousness were associated with better cognitive performance and subjective memory, whereas higher neuroticism was associated with slower processing speed and worse subjective memory but was unrelated to visuospatial ability. Moderation analyses suggested some associations were stronger in midlife compared to younger and older adulthood but were generally similar across race and ethnicity. The facet-level analyses indicated the components of each domain most strongly associated with cognitive function (e.g., the responsibility facet of conscientiousness) and suggested some differences across facets within the same domain (e.g., depression was associated with worse performance, whereas anxiety was unrelated to performance; sociability was the only facet of extraversion associated with worse performance). The present research is consistent with the larger literature on personality and cognition and extends it by documenting similarities and differences across facets and demographic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Xianghe Zhu
- Florida State University College of Medicine
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19
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Smrdu M, Kuder A, Turk E, Čelik T, Šet J, Kralj-Fišer S. COVID-19 Pandemic and Lockdown: Associations With Personality and Stress Components. Psychol Rep 2023; 126:727-758. [PMID: 34674582 DOI: 10.1177/00332941211043451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The present study examines the role of personality traits, interpersonal relationships, and sociodemographic factors on perceived stress, related to COVID-19, and compliance with measures to mitigate its spread. Data were collected in the midst of the 'first wave' lockdown, with the survey completed in full by 963 participants. We measured stress, directly related to the pandemic, rather than general stress, and were able to distinguish between symptoms of emotional, behavioural, cognitive, physical stress, and alienation with high concordance. We included personality scoring with standardized T-scores, allowing for cross-study comparison, and a broader questionnaire on the participants' support for COVID-19 mitigation measures. Results of the multiple regression models indicated that low emotional stability and introversion, and high conscientiousness, common conflicts with loved ones, and some demographics (female gender, middle age, chronic health problems) correspond to elevated stress. Conscientiousness was positively associated with total stress and some of its components, whereas opposite results were found for emotional stability. Extraversion was negatively correlated to total stress, its emotional and physical components, and alienation. Surprisingly, increased stress was not related to greater measure adherence. The present results shed light on how personality, interpersonal relationships, and sociodemographic factors influence people's stress response during a pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Smrdu
- The Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, Koper, Slovenia; Department of Psychology, University of Primorska, Koper, Slovenia; Jovan Hadži Institute of Biology, Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ana Kuder
- The Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, Koper, Slovenia; Department of Psychology, University of Primorska, Koper, Slovenia
- The Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, Koper, Slovenia; Department of Psychology, University of Primorska, Koper, Slovenia; Jovan Hadži Institute of Biology, Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Eva Turk
- The Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, Koper, Slovenia; Department of Psychology, University of Primorska, Koper, Slovenia; Jovan Hadži Institute of Biology, Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tatjana Čelik
- The Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, Koper, Slovenia; Department of Psychology, University of Primorska, Koper, Slovenia; Jovan Hadži Institute of Biology, Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janko Šet
- Jovan Hadži Institute of Biology, Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- The Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, Koper, Slovenia; Department of Psychology, University of Primorska, Koper, Slovenia; Jovan Hadži Institute of Biology, Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Simona Kralj-Fišer
- The Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, Koper, Slovenia; Department of Psychology, University of Primorska, Koper, Slovenia; Jovan Hadži Institute of Biology, Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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20
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Chung D, Meng Y. Exposure to Healthy Weight Information on Short-Form Video Applications to Acquire Healthy Weight-Control Behaviors: A Serial Mediation Model. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4975. [PMID: 36981884 PMCID: PMC10048840 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20064975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This study explored the effects of Chinese college students' (20-34 years old) exposure to healthy weight information on short-form video applications on their intention to acquire healthy weight-control behaviors (reducing high-fat diet intake, accessing physical activity to control body weight, etc.). Specifically, this study investigated the direct and mediated effect on such a relationship via healthy weight awareness, the first-person effect, and perceived herd. The data were collected using a web-based survey and thoroughly tested questionnaire with a sample of 380 Chinese college students. Hierarchical regression, parallel mediation, and serial mediation analysis were applied to test the hypotheses. The results indicated that healthy weight awareness, first-person effect, and perceived herd all played mediator roles that induced the relationship between Chinese college students' exposure to healthy weight information and their intention to acquire healthy weight-control behaviors. In addition, healthy weight awareness and the first-person effect sequentially mediated this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghwa Chung
- School of Journalism and Communication, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yanfang Meng
- Network and New Media, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing 102627, China
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21
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Horwood S, Anglim J, Bereznicki H, Wood JK. Well‐being during the coronavirus pandemic: The effect of big five personality and COVID‐19 beliefs and behaviors. SOCIAL AND PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY COMPASS 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/spc3.12744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Horwood
- School of Psychology Deakin University Geelong Australia
| | - Jeromy Anglim
- School of Psychology Deakin University Geelong Australia
| | | | - Joshua K. Wood
- Deakin Business School Deakin University Geelong Australia
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22
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Sreen N, Tandon A, Jabeen F, Srivastava S, Dhir A. The interplay of personality traits and motivation in leisure travel decision-making during the pandemic. TOURISM MANAGEMENT PERSPECTIVES 2023; 46:101095. [PMID: 36937090 PMCID: PMC10005820 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmp.2023.101095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 has negatively affected the travel and tourism industry and may continue to do so in the future. Therefore, hospitality businesses need to pay attention to consumer reactions, concerns, and motives for travelling in this era. This study leverages the stimulus-organism-behaviour-consequence (SOBC) model to examine psychological factors that influence Japanese travellers' intention to travel and willingness to pay premiums for safe travel by analysing data from 790 respondents. The findings of the study reveal that extraversion positively associates with introjected motivation and negatively with amotivation. Neuroticism personality type positively associates with amotivation and negatively associates with introjected motivation. Introjected motivation positively associates with perception of safe travel during COVID-19, whereas amotivation has a non-significant association with perception of safe travel during COVID-19. Perception of safe travel positively associates with intention to travel and willingness to pay premiums for safe travel. Finally, intention to travel has no effect on willingness to pay premiums for safe travel. These findings provide valuable theoretical and managerial implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naman Sreen
- O.P. Jindal Global University, Sonipat, India
| | - Anushree Tandon
- University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistokatu 2, Joensuu 80100, Finland
- European Forest Institute, FInland
- University of Turku, Yliopistokatu 6, Joensuu 80100, Finland
| | - Fauzia Jabeen
- College of Business, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Amandeep Dhir
- Department of Management, School of Business & Law, University of Agder, Norway
- Jaipuria Institute of Management, Noida, India
- Optentia Research Focus Area, North-West University, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa
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23
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Suen YT, Chan RC, Wong EMY. Association between co-residence and loneliness during COVID-19 among sexual minority people in Hong Kong. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2023; 69:483-492. [PMID: 35876230 PMCID: PMC10076174 DOI: 10.1177/00207640221110435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research has identified that loneliness during COVID-19 is associated with co-residence status, and individuals living alone were more likely to report loneliness. However, it may not apply to sexual minority people as those living with their family may experience different sexual orientation-related stressors. AIMS This study aims to (1) understand the pattern of living arrangement and loneliness among sexual minority people during COVID-19, (2) examine parental acceptance, family conflict and loneliness among sexual minority people with different living arrangements and (3) investigate the association between parental acceptance and loneliness among sexual minority people with different living arrangements during COVID-19. METHOD An online survey with 1,457 Hong Kong sexual minority people was conducted. RESULTS Sexual minority people living with their partner(s) were less likely to report loneliness. Concurrently, those living with their parent(s) showed a similar level of loneliness as those who lived alone. Living with parent(s) during COVID-19 does not necessarily alleviate feelings of loneliness among them, which we argue may be due to parental unacceptance of their sexual orientation. Nearly half of the respondents stated that their parent(s) were unaccepting of their sexual orientation and 41.8% of them indicated an increase in family conflict during COVID-19. For those living with their parent(s), parental unacceptance is related to more family conflict during COVID-19, which in turn is associated with higher levels of loneliness. CONCLUSIONS Not living with unaccepting parents may reduce family conflict and feelings of loneliness, but this has not been the case for many respondents from a city with high population density and cost of living. Social and mental health service providers need to come up with timely and appropriate interventions to address the unique needs faced by sexual minority people during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiu Tung Suen
- Gender Studies Programme, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Randolph Ch Chan
- Department of Special Education and Counselling, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong
| | - Eliz Miu Yin Wong
- Department of Social Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
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24
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Suzuki T, Yamamoto H, Ogawa Y, Umetani R. Effects of media on preventive behaviour during the COVID-19 pandemic. HUMANITIES & SOCIAL SCIENCES COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 10:58. [PMID: 36818040 PMCID: PMC9926457 DOI: 10.1057/s41599-023-01554-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic required implementation of a variety of measures. In addition to pharmaceutical measures, such as vaccines, changing individuals' nonpharmaceutical preventive behaviour is essential to prevent the spread of infection. In uncertain situations, such as a pandemic, media sources are important for guiding individuals' decision-making behaviour. In this study, we examined the effects of media use on preventive behaviour during COVID-19. Earlier studies have shown that social networking service (SNS) browsing promotes preventive behaviour. However, those studies only assessed a single point during the early stages of the pandemic; therefore, the effects on ongoing preventive behaviour are unclear. Thus, a two-wave panel survey was conducted in 2020 and 2021 for an exploratory analysis of changes in the effects of media on individuals' preventive behaviour over time. The results show that the effect of SNS browsing on preventing going out was confirmed only during the early stage of the pandemic and was not observed 1 year later. It is also shown that those who shifted from self-restraint to going out within 1 year were not affected by the type of media use, but by cognitive factors. As the situation changes during a pandemic, analyses that consider time-series changes are essential for gaining insights about the effects of media on the promotion and maintenance of continuous prevention behaviours.
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25
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Shulman S, Stein J, Melamed O, Muchaeli Y, Hakhmigari-Kalfon M. The Role of Personality Risk and Protective Factors in Living with Covid-19: A Longitudinal Study. JOURNAL OF ADULT DEVELOPMENT 2023; 30:1-12. [PMID: 36789170 PMCID: PMC9911333 DOI: 10.1007/s10804-023-09439-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Earlier research has shown the significant role of personality in serving as risk or protective factors in psychological wellbeing. However, it is less clear the extent to which personality plays in coping with the Covid-19 pandemic. The aim of the current study was to examine the role of a personality risk factors such as self-criticism, and personality strengths such as efficacy and intrinsic motivation representing resilience in predicting psychological outcomes in response to the Covid-19 pandemic. As part of a broader longitudinal study, personality measures were assessed at ages 23 and 29, and Covid-19-related outcomes were measured at age 41 on a subsample of 83 Israeli participants, who were approached after the first lockdown that was implemented (April 2020). Findings showed that self-criticism measured at age 23 anticipated greater Covid-19-related distress and lower satisfaction at age 41. Decrease in self-criticism from age 23 to 29, which indicates developmental progress toward maturity, explained lower non-adaptive emotional reactions at age 41- lower distress and lower anxiety. In addition, a higher level of intrinsic motivation at age 29 explained a greater likelihood to expect post pandemic growth. Findings highlight the role of personality in addressing unexpected stressful events such as the current Covid-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shmuel Shulman
- Department of Psychology, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
- College of Management, Rishon Le’Zion, Israel
| | - Jacob Stein
- College of Management, Rishon Le’Zion, Israel
| | - Osnat Melamed
- Centre of Mental Health and Addiction, Toronto, Canada
| | - Yossi Muchaeli
- Department of Psychology, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
- College of Academic Studies, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Maor Hakhmigari-Kalfon
- Department of Psychology, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Tel Aviv Yaffo Academic College, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
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26
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Morales-Vives F, Ferrando PJ, Vigil-Colet A, Hernández-Dorado A. Which profile of people tends to ignore preventive measures against COVID-19? The role of intelligence and the big five personality traits. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13277. [PMID: 36744066 PMCID: PMC9890185 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Although a considerable amount of research has been done on the role of personality traits in the prediction of compliance with COVID-19 preventive measures, the possible role of intelligence has been studied far less. For this reason, the main goal of the current study was to determine what the predictive role of intelligence is when considered together with the Big Five personality traits. A total of 404 participants answered three instruments: the Overall Personality Assessment Scale (OPERAS), which assesses personality traits, the COmpliance with pandemic COmmands Scale (COCOS), which assesses compliance, and the test of intelligence International Cognitive Ability Resource (ICAR Sample Test). The results show that all variables are correlated with compliance, although the weight of emotional stability on compliance was not significant. The only variable negatively related to compliance was extraversion. The results of the structural equation modelling suggest that intelligence has a direct relationship with compliance, and an indirect relationship through openness to experience. According to the results, intelligence is an important variable that should be considered in the prediction of compliance with these preventive measures.
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27
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Li H, Cao Y. The Dark Side of Interpersonal Touch: Physical Contact Leads to More Non-compliance With Preventive Measures to COVID-19. Psychol Rep 2023; 126:288-302. [PMID: 34872398 PMCID: PMC9841453 DOI: 10.1177/00332941211051985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Following preventive measures is crucial for slowing the rate of COVID-19 spread. To date, most research has focused on the role of individual differences and personality in compliance with preventive measures to COVID-19. Building on findings that interpersonal touch instills a feeling of security, we propose that interpersonal touching behavior, an underexplored factor tied to social interaction, leads to more breaches of coronavirus restrictions by inducing security feelings. In a lab experiment (Experiment 1) and a field study (Experiment 2), we demonstrated that a female experimenter's fleeting and comforting pat on the shoulder made people less willing to abide by preventive measures in their self-report and actual behavior. Further, we excluded a potential alternative explanation that touch intervention by the experimenter presents the defiance of COVID-19 rules because the effect cannot be observed when the touch consists of a handshake rather than a comforting pat on the shoulder (Experiment 3). Finally, consistent with our theoretical perspective, the results revealed that sense of security mediated the effect of interpersonal touch on violation of instructions to follow coronavirus precautions. Taken together, interpersonal touch not only enhances trust and security, but also can push people away from health guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Li
- Heng Li, College of International Studies, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Yu Cao
- School of Foreign Languages, 12445Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, China
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28
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From delta to omicron: The role of individual factors and social context in self-reported compliance with pandemic regulations and recommendations. Soc Sci Med 2023; 317:115633. [PMID: 36577223 PMCID: PMC9783191 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.115633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
As SARS-CoV-2 spreads especially when larger groups gather (e.g., at the workplace), it is crucial to understand compliance with regulations and recommendations in such settings. Using data from adults in Germany (N = 29,355) assessed between October 2021 and February 2022, we investigated factors associated with self-reported compliance in both private and working life and how these relate to each other. The results indicate that private compliance was stronger among older individuals and females; among those who worried more about the pandemic situation and assumed that infection was more severe; among those who trusted the government more; and among those who did not perceive public health measures as exaggerated. Private compliance was also associated with personality traits; in particular, individuals who followed regulations and recommendations were likely to be more introverted, conscientious, open, and agreeable. Compliance at work related to both private compliance and colleagues' behaviors. Individuals whose private compliance was high also complied at work. However, when private compliance was low, compliance at work aligned with colleagues' behaviors; that is, compliance at work was high when colleagues complied and low when they did not. The observed effects were stable over time. In summary, they suggest that compliance with regulations and recommendations depends on individual risk perception, trust in government, perception of required or recommended measures, and social norms. To promote protective behaviors in contexts where larger groups gather (including workplaces), making positive social norms more salient (e.g., by supporting role models) may prove especially useful.
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29
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Ong YX, Kim HK, Pelzer BO, Tan YY, Lim WP, Chua AKL, Koh BY. Profile identification and characterization of risk perceptions and preventive behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic: A latent profile analysis. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1085208. [PMID: 36891206 PMCID: PMC9986486 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1085208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In a public health crisis, communication plays a vital role in making sure policies and recommendations from the government level get disseminated accurately to its people and is only considered as effective when the public accepts, supports, complies to, and engages in policies or behaves as per governments' recommendations. Adopting the multivariate audience segmentation strategy for health communication, this study uses a data-driven analytical method to (1) identify audience segments of public health crisis communication in Singapore based on knowledge, risk perception, emotional responses, and preventive behaviors; and (2) characterize each audience segment according to demographic factors, personality traits, information processing styles, and health information preferences. Results (N = 2033) from a web-based questionnaire executed in August 2021 have identified three audience segments: the less-concerned (n = 650), the risk-anxious (n = 142), and the risk-majority (n = 1,241). This study offers insights to how audiences of public health crisis communication perceive, process, and respond to information directed to them during the pandemic, thereby informing policy makers to tailor more targeted public health communication interventions in promoting positive attitude and behavior change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xuan Ong
- Wee Kim Wee School of Communication and Information, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hye Kyung Kim
- Wee Kim Wee School of Communication and Information, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Benjamin O Pelzer
- Wee Kim Wee School of Communication and Information, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | | | - Bei Yi Koh
- DSO National Laboratories, Singapore, Singapore
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D'Antoine E, Jansz J, Barifcani A, Shaw-Mills S, Harris M, Lagat C. COVID-19 and offshore oil and gas workers: The role of personality. SOCIAL SCIENCES & HUMANITIES OPEN 2023; 7:100402. [PMID: 36685778 PMCID: PMC9842625 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssaho.2023.100402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
This qualitative study aimed to identify mental health hazards in the offshore oil and gas industry, as well as the role of the personality types of the Five Factor Model (FFM) in coping with these stressors. A focus group with 8 participants and a pilot study with 5 participants were conducted. Results showed that several stressors are currently present for Australian offshore oil and gas employees, in particular COVID-19 and the resulting negative effects on rosters, working hours, job security and time spent away from home. Other stressors revealed by participants were lack of space, working in a high-risk environment, stigma, helicopter travel and pressure to keep up with production. Poor safety behaviours were associated with neuroticism, extraversion and openness, while risk avoidance appear to be associated with agreeableness and conscientiousness. Tolerance to shift work was positively related to extraversion, yet negatively associated to neuroticism. Furthermore, neuroticism showed a negative association with help-seeking and productivity, as well as higher levels of concern relating to COVID-19 and job uncertainty. As personality traits are enduring throughout life, it is vital that employees are managed effectively through workplace interventions so that they are able to cope effectively, particularly during stressful events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma D'Antoine
- WA School of Mines: Minerals, Energy and Chemical Engineering, Curtin University, Bentley, W.A., 6102, Australia
| | - Janis Jansz
- WA School of Mines: Minerals, Energy and Chemical Engineering, Curtin University, Bentley, W.A., 6102, Australia
- Healthforce Group, PO Box 2061, High Wycombe, W.A., 6067, Australia
- Xi'an University of Science & Technology, 58 Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Ahmed Barifcani
- WA School of Mines: Minerals, Energy and Chemical Engineering, Curtin University, Bentley, W.A., 6102, Australia
| | - Sherrilyn Shaw-Mills
- WA School of Mines: Minerals, Energy and Chemical Engineering, Curtin University, Bentley, W.A., 6102, Australia
- Healthforce Group, PO Box 2061, High Wycombe, W.A., 6067, Australia
| | - Mark Harris
- School of Economics, Finance and Property, Curtin University, Bentley, W.A., 6102, Australia
| | - Christopher Lagat
- WA School of Mines: Minerals, Energy and Chemical Engineering, Curtin University, Bentley, W.A., 6102, Australia
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Rojek JJ, Waszak P, Bidzan-Bluma I, Sanewska A, Stępień J, Michalski T, Lorettu L, Meloni R, Chu CS, Abboud M, Grabowski J. Self-Assessed Personality Traits and Adherence to the COVID-19 Lockdown. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:521. [PMID: 36612843 PMCID: PMC9819452 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, has forced all countries affected by it to introduce quarantine and isolation to prevent the spread of the virus, as well as masking and distancing. Not everyone is equally willing to follow the rules related to limit the extent of the coronavirus epidemic. This might be connected with personality traits, especially openness, positive attitude, and optimism. Materials and Methods: An online survey was created and completed by participants in April-May 2020. Self-assessment of personality traits and adherence to lockdown recommendations were assessed. A total of 7404 participants took part in the study, mainly from Poland (83.6%) and Italy (12.7%). Univariate and multivariate regression analysis was performed. Results: The participants were divided into groups depending on the degree of compliance with the lockdown rules. In the multivariate analysis, variables that increased the odds for stricter lockdown compliance were temporary work suspension OR 1.27 (95% CI 1.10-1.48), income level "we can't handle this situation" OR 1.67 (95%CI 1.20-2.33), and junior high school education OR 1.68 (95% CI 1.13-2.50). Other significant factors included age and place of residence. Each point of self-assessed sociability OR 1.07 (95% CI 1.00-1.13) also increased the likelihood of adhering to lockdown rules. Conclusions: Taking the basic demographic characteristics as well as working and health environment conditions traits into account may be helpful when forecasting epidemiological compliance during a pandemic, as well as in other public health tasks. The key role of self-assessed personality traits was not confirmed in this study. Reliability of the results is limited by significant disproportions in the size of the study groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Jan Rojek
- Adult Psychiatry Scientific Circle, Department of Developmental Psychiatry, Psychotic and Geriatric Disorders, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-282 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Przemysław Waszak
- Departament of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Ilona Bidzan-Bluma
- Departament of Psychology, Gdańsk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland
- Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Gdansk, 80-309 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Sanewska
- Adult Psychiatry Scientific Circle, Department of Developmental Psychiatry, Psychotic and Geriatric Disorders, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-282 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Joanna Stępień
- Department of Socio-Economic Geography, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Gdańsk, 80-309 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Tomasz Michalski
- Department of Regional Development, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Gdańsk, 80-309 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Liliana Lorettu
- Psychiatric Clinic, Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | | | - Che-Sheng Chu
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan
- Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Myriam Abboud
- Department of Natural Science and Public Health, Zayed University, Dubai P.O. Box 19282, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jakub Grabowski
- Department of Developmental Psychiatry, Psychotic and Geriatric Disorders, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-282 Gdańsk, Poland
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Howard MC. Big Five, Dark Triad, and Face Masks. JOURNAL OF INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1027/1614-0001/a000387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. Face masks are an effective method to reduce the spread of COVID-19, but many people are reluctant to wear them. Recent authors have called for studies of personality to determine which people may have particularly negative face mask perceptions and reduced face mask wearing. In the current article, we assess the relation of the Big Five and Dark Triad with face mask perceptions and wearing. We apply a four-wave longitudinal research design collected via MTurk ( n = 209, Mage = 36.97 years, 50% female, 85% American), and we use the eight-dimension Face Mask Perceptions Scale to test mediating mechanisms between personality and behavior. When tested together, conscientiousness, extraversion, and neuroticism did not have notable relations with perceptions or wearing; openness and the Dark Triad had significant relations with face mask perceptions, and agreeableness had significant indirect effects on face mask wearing via perceptions. These results indicate that personality does relate to face mask perceptions and behaviors. We call on future research to conduct facet-level studies of personality with face mask perceptions and behaviors to ascertain the cause of these observed relations, further identify the importance of specific face mask perceptions, and integrate personality into models of health behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matt C. Howard
- Department of Marketing and Quantitative Methods, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
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Jiao L, Jiang W, Guo Z, Xiao Y, Yu M, Xu Y. Good Personality and Subjective Well-Being During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Three-Wave Longitudinal Study in Chinese Contexts. JOURNAL OF HAPPINESS STUDIES 2022; 24:589-606. [PMID: 36568473 PMCID: PMC9761042 DOI: 10.1007/s10902-022-00610-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have emphasized the importance of examining psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic. It is important to identify the factors that affect the influence of COVID-19 on people's mental health. The present research was a three-wave longitudinal study (N = 1495) examining the concurrent and prospective relations of good personality with subjective well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results showed that good personality positively predicted the subsequent well-being after controlling for the respective autoregressive effects and Big Five personality traits. Specifically, individuals who scored higher on measures of good personality tended to maintain higher well-being in the face of COVID-19. However, subjective well-being could positively predict subsequent personality only at the first time point. In addition, the prospective effect of good personality on subjective well-being was greater than the reverse effect. These findings support the opinion that as a positive value orientation in personality, good personality has a significant positive impact on the response to the pandemic situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liying Jiao
- Faculty of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education (Beijing Normal University), Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Jiang
- Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhen Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education (Beijing Normal University), Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Xiao
- Department of Educational Psychology, Faculty of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengke Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education (Beijing Normal University), Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education (Beijing Normal University), Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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34
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Hu Y, Lü W. Meaning in life and health behavior habits during the COVID-19 pandemic: Mediating role of health values and moderating role of conscientiousness. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022:1-9. [PMID: 36531199 PMCID: PMC9734351 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-04020-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
An increasing number of studies have explored health behavior changes since the COVID-19 outbreak, however, the potential mechanism leading to the acquisition of COVID-19-related health behavior habits remains largely underexplored. The current study aimed to investigate how meaning in life contributed to the Chinese general public's acquisition of COVID-19-related health behavior habits, and whether health values would play a mediating role and conscientiousness would play a further moderating role in this relation. A total of 1024 Chinese participants (age range = 17-63 years; 67.29% females) were recruited by posting flyers on an open-access web forum. All participants voluntarily completed a series of online anonymous questionnaires assessing conscientiousness, meaning in life, health values and health behavior habits. Results showed that (1) the majority of the respondents reported the acquisition of COVID-19-related health behavior habits, and meaning in life positively predicted COVID-19-related health behavior habits; (2) health values mediated the link between meaning in life and health behavior habits; and (3) conscientiousness moderated the indirect effect, such that the indirect effect was stronger among individuals with low conscientiousness. These findings have important implications for revealing the reconstruction of the Chinese public's health behavior habits and its potential mechanism that meaning in life influences health behavior habits through health values during the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly for individuals with low conscientiousness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Hu
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Research Center of Child Mental and Behavioral Health, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, 199 South Chang’an Road, 710062 Xi’an, China
| | - Wei Lü
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Research Center of Child Mental and Behavioral Health, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, 199 South Chang’an Road, 710062 Xi’an, China
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35
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Trait Versus State Predictors of Emotional Distress Symptoms: The Role of the Big-5 Personality Traits, Metacognitive Beliefs, and Strategies. J Nerv Ment Dis 2022; 210:943-950. [PMID: 35764593 PMCID: PMC9742004 DOI: 10.1097/nmd.0000000000001557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
To enhance formulation and interventions for emotional distress symptoms, research should aim to identify factors that contribute to distress and disorder. One way to formulate emotional distress symptoms is to view them as state manifestations of underlying personality traits. However, the metacognitive model suggests that emotional distress is maintained by metacognitive strategies directed by underlying metacognitive beliefs. The aim of the present study was therefore to evaluate the role of these factors as predictors of anxiety and depression symptoms in a cross-sectional sample of 4936 participants collected during the COVID-19 pandemic. Personality traits (especially neuroticism) were linked to anxiety and depression, but metacognitive beliefs and strategies accounted for additional variance. Among the predictors, metacognitive strategies accounted for the most variance in symptoms. Furthermore, we evaluated two statistical models based on personality traits versus metacognitions and found that the latter provided the best fit. Thus, these findings indicate that emotional distress symptoms are maintained by metacognitive strategies that are better accounted for by metacognitions compared with personality traits. Theoretical and clinical implications of these findings are discussed.
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36
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Is Anxiety Sensitivity Associated with COVID-19 Related Distress and Adherence among Emerging Adults? PSYCH 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/psych4040069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated whether anxiety sensitivity (AS) is associated with increased distress and adherence to public health guidelines during the COVID-19 pandemic among undergraduates, and whether increased distress mediates the relationship between AS and increased adherence. An online cross-sectional survey was conducted with 1318 first- and second-year undergraduates (mean age of 19.2 years; 79.5% females) from five Canadian universities. Relevant subscales of the Substance Use Risk Profile Scale (SURPS) and the Big Five Inventory-10 (BFI-10) were used to assess AS and neuroticism. Three measures tapped distress: the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) for depressive symptoms, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) for anxiety symptoms, and the Brief COVID-19 Stress Scales (CSS-B) for COVID-19-specific distress. The COVID-19 Adherence scale (CAD) assessed adherence to COVID-19 containment measures. AS was significantly independently associated with higher general distress (both anxiety and depressive symptoms) and higher COVID-19-specific distress, after controlling age, sex, study site, and neuroticism. Moreover, AS indirectly predicted greater adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures through higher COVID-19-specific distress. Interventions targeting higher AS might be helpful for decreasing both general and COVID-19-specific distress, whereas interventions targeting lower AS might be helpful for increasing adherence to public health containment strategies, in undergraduates.
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Oniszczenko W, Turek A. The relationship between fear of COVID-19 infection, fear of COVID-19 vaccination and Big Five personality traits: a mediation model. CURRENT ISSUES IN PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 11:1-10. [PMID: 38013827 PMCID: PMC10654332 DOI: 10.5114/cipp/155944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The primary objective of our correlational, cross-sectional study was to determine the relationship between fear of COVID-19 infection and fear of COVID-19 vaccination and the role of the Big Five personality traits in this relationship. PARTICIPANTS AND PROCEDURE The study sample consisted of 462 participants, including 286 women and 176 men, aged 18 to 75, recruited from the general population. The Big Five personality traits were diagnosed using the Polish version of the Ten-Item Personality Inventory. We used an 11-point numerical rating scale to measure the intensity of fear of COVID-19 infection as well as fear of COVID-19 vaccination. RESULTS The results indicate that fear of infection has a weak positive correlation with fear of vaccination. Both types of fear have a weak negative correlation with emotional stability and openness to experience. People diagnosed with COVID-19 have significantly higher levels of fear of vaccination and lower levels of emotional stability compared to those without a COVID-19 diagnosis. Fear of infection proves a good predictor of fear of vaccination and a likely mediator between emotional stability and fear of vaccination against COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS The results may increase our understanding of the role of personality traits, such as emotional stability, in the fear of infection and COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Turek
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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38
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Impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on lifestyle behaviors and their association with personality among adults in Qatar: A cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0276426. [PMID: 36367860 PMCID: PMC9651556 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) resulted in lockdowns and social distancing measures enforced by governments around the world. This study aimed to identify changes in adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) and physical activity (PA) and associations with personality during lockdown. Using a cross-sectional design, a convenient sample of 543 adults in Qatar completed an online questionnaire consisting of validated tools to measure adherence to MD (MEDAS questionnaire, score ranges 0–13), PA (IPAQ, assessing light, moderate high intensity PA) and personality (BFI-10, categorizing individuals’ personalities). The majority of the participants were female (89%), aged between 21 and 29 years (45%). The overall MD adherence decreased during lockdown (5.9 vs. 6.1, p < 0.001). There was an increase in olive oil (9% vs. 12%; p < 0.001), vegetables (54.3% vs. 58.7%; p = 0.005), legumes (11.8% vs. 15.3%; p = 0.007), sofrito (70.9% vs. 77.3%; p < 0.001) and fat (45.9% vs. 53.8%; p < 0.001) consumption and a decrease in fresh fruit (39.4% vs. 15.8%; p < 0.001) and fish/seafood (5.9% vs. 3.9%; p = 0.0035) consumption during lockdown. Met-min/week values of total PA (1330.5 vs. 1836.7), vigorous activity (711.5 vs. 867.4), moderate activity (208.3 vs. 301.3), and walking (410.7 vs. 668.0) all decreased during lockdown (p < 0.001, p = 0.010, p = 0.010 p < 0.001, respectively), while sitting increased (3837.3 vs. 2896.4 p < 0.001). The extraversion personality dimension had a higher MD adherence (p = 0.039) compared to agreeableness before lockdown. No changes in MEDAS scores were observed during lockdown in those with high levels of openness. Openness was positively associated with all PA (p = 0.027), including walking (p = 0.026), and negatively associated with sitting (p = 0.038) before lockdown, while participants with high scores for neuroticism were less likely to be sitting during lockdown (p = 0.042). The findings can be used to guide the development of appropriate personality-tailored lifestyle interventions.
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Tanzilli A, Cibelli A, Liotti M, Fiorentino F, Williams R, Lingiardi V. Personality, Defenses, Mentalization, and Epistemic Trust Related to Pandemic Containment Strategies and the COVID-19 Vaccine: A Sequential Mediation Model. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph192114290. [PMID: 36361183 PMCID: PMC9656964 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has considerably influenced all domains of people's lives worldwide, determining a high increase in overall psychological distress and several clinical conditions. The study attempted to shed light on the relationship between the strategies adopted to manage the pandemic, vaccine hesitancy, and distinct features of personality and mental functioning. METHODS The sample consisted of 367 Italian individuals (68.1% women, 31.9% men; M age = 37, SD = 12.79) who completed an online survey, including an instrument assessing four response styles to the pandemic and lockdown(s), the Personality Inventory for DSM-5-Brief Form, the Defense Mechanisms Rating Scales-Self-Report-30, the Reflective Functioning Questionnaire, and the Epistemic Trust, Mistrust, Credulity Questionnaire. RESULTS Maladaptive response patterns to pandemic restrictions were related to dysfunctional personality traits, immature defense mechanisms, poor mentalization, and epistemic mistrust or credulity. Moreover, more severe levels of personality pathology were predictive of an extraverted-maladaptive response style to health emergency through the full mediation of low overall defensive functioning, poor certainty of others' mental states, and high epistemic credulity. CONCLUSIONS Recognizing and understanding dysfunctional psychological pathways associated with individuals' difficulties in dealing with the pandemic are crucial for developing tailored mental-health interventions and promoting best practices in healthcare services.
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40
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Seva RR. Hidden power of affective products and environments. Work 2022; 73:S5-S14. [DOI: 10.3233/wor-211187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Designs that evoke fun and surprise have been successful in driving uncommon positive behavior. Affective design (AD) is based on the premise that products and services can elicit strong affective responses that can be harnessed for specific purposes such as increasing consumption. OBJECTIVE: This paper aims to discuss the theoretical foundations and applications of AD to address contemporary consumption, recycling, and healthcare issues. METHODS: Current applications of AD to address environmental and health issues were analyzed in terms of effectiveness in changing user behavior. Relevant concepts were used to provide future research directions in this field. RESULTS: Early applications of AD focused on designing products to increase customer satisfaction and stimulate consumption. The method, however, is auspicious in solving relevant societal and global problems. To pave the way for successful integration of AD, one research direction is the need to identify the right emotion to elicit in a certain context. There is a dearth of literature to promote sustainable consumption, such as using less energy, minimizing carbon footprint, or just taking care of the environment using AD. CONCLUSION: The integration of AD is a strategy that can be used to prompt behavior beneficial to society and the environment. Literature on AD suggests that a deliberate effort to manipulate design factors can work to elicit strong affective responses.
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Li Y, Lin Z, Wu Y. Exploring Depression among the Elderly during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Effects of the Big Five, Media Use, and Perceived Social Support. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13534. [PMID: 36294113 PMCID: PMC9602753 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The mental health of the elderly is vulnerable during public health emergencies, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, and the risks of depression is increased. The study aimed to explore the effects of physical health, the Big Five personality traits, media use, and different kinds of perceived social support as predictors of levels of depression among the elderly during the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in more than 120 cities in China with a sample of 1147 older adults, and hierarchical regression was established to examine the predictors of the level of depression. The results showed that almost half of the elderly (48%) had a status of mild or much more severe depression during the COVID-19 pandemic. The level of depression was negatively associated with physical health, extraversion, conscientiousness, agreeableness, and family support, while it was positively associated with neuroticism and media use. The study emphasized the effects of physical health, the Big Five personality traits, media use, and perceived social support from family as the predictors of levels of depression, providing further measures to help the elderly better react to a public health emergency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- College of Communication and Art Design, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Zhi Lin
- College of Communication and Art Design, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Yibo Wu
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
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42
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Roshchina Y, Roshchin S, Rozhkova K. Determinants of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and resistance in Russia. Vaccine 2022; 40:5739-5747. [PMID: 36050249 PMCID: PMC9411140 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Vaccination is the main tool available to handle the COVID-19 pandemic globally. Though no vaccine is proven to be 100% effective, vaccination secures against getting seriously ill and dying from the disease. Russia announced the development of its first domestic vaccine back in August 2020 and launched the nationwide immunization campaign at the beginning of 2021. Despite these achievements, as of mid-October 2021, only 36% of the population got at least one shot of the vaccine. Massive vaccination hesitancy and refusal pose a great threat to public health and postpone social and economic recovery. Using nationally representative data from the general adult population of Russia, this study explores the scope of vaccination hesitancy and refusal as well as the determinants of vaccination attitudes. The results suggest that only 45% of the Russian population demonstrated positive attitudes towards the COVID-19 vaccination prior to the launch of a nationwide vaccination program. We analyze a wide array of demographic, socio-economic, and health-related factors in relation to vaccination intentions and explore the deep-rooted causes of vaccination reluctance by looking at personality traits, religiosity, and trust. The obtained results are vital for designing policy measures to promote vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yana Roshchina
- Center for Longitudinal Studies and Laboratory for Studies in Economic Sociology, Department of Sociology, National Research University Higher School of Economics, 11 Myasnitskaya, Moscow 101000, Russian Federation.
| | - Sergey Roshchin
- Laboratory for Labor Market Studies, Faculty of Economic Sciences, National Research University Higher School of Economics, 11 Pokrovsky Boulevard, Moscow 109028, Russian Federation.
| | - Ksenia Rozhkova
- Laboratory for Labor Market Studies, Faculty of Economic Sciences, National Research University Higher School of Economics, 11 Pokrovsky Boulevard, Moscow 109028, Russian Federation.
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Rusou Z, Diamant I. Adhering to COVID-19 health guidelines: A behavioral-failure perspective. Front Psychol 2022; 13:916960. [PMID: 35983214 PMCID: PMC9378841 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.916960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitigation of pandemics like that caused by the current COVID-19 virus is largely dependent on voluntary public adherence to government rules and regulations. Recent research has identified various individual covariates that account for some of the variance in compliance with COVID-19 behavioral guidelines. However, despite considerable research, our understanding of how and why these factors are related to adherence behavior is limited. Additionally, it is less clear whether disease-transmitting behaviors during a pandemic can be understood in terms of more general behavioral tendencies. The current research has examined the utility of a behavioral-failure lens in predicting adherence to COVID-19 guidelines and in illuminating mechanisms underlying the previously established relationship between Conscientiousness and adherence. In the two studies reported here, individual variations in the predisposition to behavioral failures predicted adherence to COVID-19 measures, and mediated the relationships between Conscientiousness and adherence. The Failure Proneness (FP) questionnaire predicted compliance with COVID-19 guidelines, while the Cognitive Failure Questionnaire (CFQ) did not. The results of hierarchical regressions showed that COVID-19 behavior was predicted only through the intentional factors (and mainly by Noncompliance-Violations). Hence, our data lend support to the notion that noncompliance with official COVID-19 prevention guidelines is driven mainly by intentional factors related to violation of norms and rules. The theoretical and practical implications of this finding are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohar Rusou
- Department of Psychology, The Open University of Israel, Ra'anana, Israel
| | - Irene Diamant
- School of Behavioral Sciences, The Academic College of Tel Aviv-Yafo, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
- *Correspondence: Irene Diamant,
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Sadus K, Göttmann J, Schubert AL. Predictors of stockpiling behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR GESUNDHEITSWISSENSCHAFTEN = JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 31:1-17. [PMID: 35910092 PMCID: PMC9326167 DOI: 10.1007/s10389-022-01727-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Aim With the COVID-19 pandemic, we witnessed an increase in purchases of certain products, such as toilet paper, disinfectants, or groceries. In the present study, we examined the individual and socio-psychological determinants of stockpiling behavior. For this purpose, we defined an explanatory model based on the Health Belief Model (HBM), which includes threat perceptions, barriers and benefits, and self-efficacy beliefs as main predictors of health-related behaviors, and extended the model to include social norms. Subject and methods Participants were recruited via social media platforms and data collection was conducted via an online survey. The final sample included 861 German respondents (male = 199, female = 642, mean age = 36.76, SD = 12.38). Results Perceived barriers of stockpiling, such as financial constraints or regulations in supermarkets, turned out to be the strongest predictors of stockpiling. Regarding the role of threat perception, the perceived severity of the disease in particular was positively related to stockpiling behavior. Finally, our results suggest a significant impact of social cues, showing that descriptive normative beliefs are associated with stockpiling behavior. Conclusion Based on these findings, we propose targeted interventions to a) reduce perceived benefits of stockpiling and severity beliefs related to COVID-19, b) emphasize disadvantages of stockpiling, and c) reduce media exposure of stockpiling behavior to prevent panic buying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Sadus
- Institute of Psychology, Ruprecht Karl University Heidelberg, Hauptstraße 47–51, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan Göttmann
- Department of Psychology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Wallstraße 3, 55122 Mainz, Germany
| | - Anna-Lena Schubert
- Department of Psychology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Wallstraße 3, 55122 Mainz, Germany
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Talić I, Einhorn A, Renner KH. Individual and Organizational Factors in Coping With COVID-19 in Soldier Students. Front Psychol 2022; 13:924537. [PMID: 35865687 PMCID: PMC9295716 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.924537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has posed significant burden across different industrial sectors. Generally, an increase in psychological stress experiences has been reported, while the stress and coping responses of specific, potentially burdened populations have received less attention thus far. Thus, the present study investigated relations between individual (i.e., extraversion, neuroticism, conscientiousness) and organizational (i.e., organizational commitment and study satisfaction) factors, indicators of psychological health (i.e., loneliness, life satisfaction, COVID-19-related stress), and possible mediating effects of four broad coping dimensions (active coping, avoidant coping, social support, positive cognitive restructuring) in a specific sample of soldier students who engage in a double-role being military affiliates and students of non-military subjects. To this end, we assessed data of soldier students at two measurement points (N = 106 at t1 and N = 63 at t2) shortly after the second national lockdown in Germany (20. May 2021 to 11. July 2021) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Personality traits showed expected associations with indicators of psychological health, i.e., positive relations between neuroticism and social loneliness, between extraversion and COVID-19 stress, and negative relations between neuroticism and life satisfaction. Remarkably, organizational variables showed effects above and beyond personality traits on loneliness and life satisfaction. Neither individual, nor organizational factors could predict change in psychological health over time. We found evidence for mediation effects through active coping, avoidant coping, and the use of social support, but not through positive cognitive restructuring. Findings highlight the relative importance of organizational factors besides personality traits for psychological health in a military student sample, holding important implications for designing efficient support systems in the military.
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Sesker AA, Lee JH, Luchetti M, Aschwanden D, Stephan Y, Terracciano A, Sutin AR. Personality and change in perceived control during the acute stage of the coronavirus pandemic. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2022; 192:111607. [PMID: 35308090 PMCID: PMC8919785 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2022.111607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Lower perceived control (PC) is related to maladaptive psychological responses to stressful events, yet it is unclear whether longer-term situations are associated with PC change over time. This study examined PC change during the beginning of the coronavirus pandemic and whether trajectories varied by age and personality. Personality was assessed in 2455 U.S. adults (18-100 years) from an online study conducted January-February 2020. PC was assessed across three follow-ups (March-July 2020). Latent growth curves modeled PC change. In controlled models, PC decreased (β = -0.107, p = .005). Older adults had higher PC than younger adults (β = 0.012, p = .001), and experienced less PC decline (β = 0.012, p < .001). All personality traits but Openness were related to PC at baseline (βs ranged from -0.912 to 0.543, ps < .001). Conscientiousness (β = 0.155, p = .002), Extraversion (β = 0.128, p = .008), and Agreeableness (β = 0.099, p = .044) were associated with less PC decline. Employment (β = 0.160, p = .022), health (β = 0.133, p = .002), and disease burden (β = -0.056, p = .014) were also associated with PC change. These results were largely driven by the financial dimension of PC. This study provides evidence for PC change during the COVID-19 pandemic and identifies sociodemographic, personality, and health moderators of PC trajectory.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ji Hyun Lee
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor, USA
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Eslamzadeh M, Fayyazi Bordbar MR, Moodi Ghalibaf A, Modaresi F, Emadzadeh M, Farhoudi F. The role of personality traits in following quarantine orders during the COVID-19 pandemic. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 2022; 37:173-178. [PMID: 35661660 PMCID: PMC9169753 DOI: 10.1097/yic.0000000000000410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Patients' personalities seem to affect their response to the COVID-19 pandemic. This study examined the association of personality traits and characteristics of Iranian COVID-19 outpatients with their compliance to nonmandatory quarantine orders. This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2020-2021 on 97 COVID-19 outpatients. The temperament and character inventory-revised short version (TCI-RS) and a self-report checklist assessing compliance with quarantine orders were used to collect data. SPSS was used to analyze the data and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Of 142 patients who were contacted, 97 participated in the study (68% response rate). The mean age of patients was 39.21 ± 10.27 years and 54 (55.7%) of them were men. Compliance with quarantine orders was correlated with cooperativeness (r = 0.33; P = 0.001), persistence (r = 0.23, P = 0.020), self-transcendence (r = 0.27, P = 0.006) and harm avoidance (r = -0.26, P = 0.008). Linear regression analysis demonstrated persistence (P = 0.034), cooperativeness (P = 0.008) and being married (P = 0.002) as predictors for following the quarantine orders. Lower levels of cooperativeness, persistence, self-transcendence, and higher levels of harm avoidance are associated with noncompliance with quarantine orders. These traits should be considered while persuasive communication to the public is formulated to recognize the target population and increase compliance with nonmandatory quarantine orders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - AmirAli Moodi Ghalibaf
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand
| | | | - Maryam Emadzadeh
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad
| | - Fateme Farhoudi
- Research Center for Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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The Effect of Personality on Chrononutrition during the COVID-19 Lockdown in Qatar. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14132725. [PMID: 35807905 PMCID: PMC9268339 DOI: 10.3390/nu14132725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 lockdown has had a significant impact on people’s lives worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the effect of personality on chrononutrition during the COVID-19 lockdown. Using a cross-sectional design, a convenient sample of 543 adults in Qatar completed an online questionnaire using validated tools to assess personality and chrononutrition behaviors during the first COVID-19 lockdown. Participants scoring high in openness were more likely to eat at night (mean difference (MD) = 0.41, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.10, 0.72) compared to those scoring high in agreeableness, while those scoring high in extraversion and openness had a shorter eating window (MD = −76.6, 95%CI: −146.3, −6.93 and MD = −29.8, 95%CI: −56.5, −3.01, respectively). Participants high in extraversion had longer evening latency (MD = 66.3, 95%CI: 25.4, 107.3) and evening eating (MD = −62.0, 95%CI: −114.0, −9.0) compared those high in agreeableness. Participants high in conscientiousness showed evidence of first eating event misalignment during the weekend (MD = 22.0, 95%CI: 0.15, 43.9) and last eating event misalignment during weekdays (MD = −27.8, 95%CI: −47.3, −8.41) compared to those high in agreeableness. Lastly, participants high in openness showed evidence of eating window misalignment during the weekend (MD = 30.6, 95%CI: 5.01, 56.2). This study suggests that personality traits can inform personalized nutritional approaches when aiming for healthy habits during unexpected periods, such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Kaspar K, Nordmeyer L. Personality and Motivation to Comply With COVID-19 Protective Measures in Germany. Front Psychol 2022; 13:893881. [PMID: 35769721 PMCID: PMC9234562 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.893881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic strains the healthcare systems, economy, education, and social life. Governments took several protective measures and formulated behavioral guidelines to prevent individual diseases and the collapse of healthcare systems. However, individual differences in the extent of compliance with the measures are apparent. To shed more light on this issue, the present correlational study examined the joint relation of several personal characteristics to people's motivation to comply with seven protective measures. Personal characteristics included age, gender, risk perception, the Big Five, the Dark Triad, conspiracy mentality, perceived locus of control, and general affect. Protective measures included social distancing, hygiene rules, wearing face masks, using a contact-tracing app, sharing one's infection status via the app, reducing physical contacts, and vaccinations. The study ran from 10 November 2020 to 29 December 2020. Based on a sample of 1,007 German-speaking participants, bivariate correlations and multiple regression analyses showed that personal characteristics are significantly linked to the motivation to comply with these measures. However, general affect, control beliefs, and basic personality traits play only a minor role. Age and gender showed some significant associations with protective measures. In contrast, protection motivation factors, in terms of perceived severity of and vulnerability to infection, and conspiracy mentality appear to be the major correlates of adopting protective behavior. The absolute motivation to comply with the measures also shows that hygiene rules and wearing face masks receive a higher average agreement than more personally intrusive measures such as physical contact restrictions and vaccinations. These results highlight that factors that are relevant to some measures may be irrelevant to other measures. Differences in people's personal characteristics should be considered in the design and communication of measures to support social acceptance and effectiveness. In this context, cognitive variables, which can be addressed by communication and education directly, seem to be more important than general affect and relatively time-invariant personality traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Kaspar
- Department of Psychology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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The Effects of Personality Traits on Online Rumor Sharing: The Mediating Role of Fear of COVID-19. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19106157. [PMID: 35627694 PMCID: PMC9140700 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19106157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to explore the effects of personality traits on online rumor sharing during the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic and the mediating role of the fear of COVID-19 between them. We conducted this research using a web-based questionnaire distributed to 452 university students who were invited to fill it out. The partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) method was used to test the data and model, with the yielded results demonstrating that three—extroversion, emotional instability, and conscientiousness—of the Big Five personality traits are positively related to a fear of COVID-19, with this fear positively affecting online rumor sharing. Moreover, fear of COVID-19 was found to act as a mediator between personality traits and online rumor sharing; thus, we can conclude that persons with high levels of extroversion, emotional instability, and conscientiousness are more likely to share rumors online due to a fear of COVID-19. This study furthers our understanding of the psychological mechanism by which personality traits influence online rumor sharing and provides references for anti-rumor campaigns taking place during the COVID-19 pandemic, as it identifies key groups and sheds light on the necessity of reducing people’s fear of COVID-19.
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