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Karimi N, Karami Tehrani FS. Expression of SR-B1 receptor in breast cancer cell lines, MDAMB-468 and MCF-7: Effect on cell proliferation and apoptosis. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021; 24:1069-1077. [PMID: 34804424 PMCID: PMC8591767 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2021.56752.12674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is necessary for proliferation of several cells. The growth of many kinds of cells, such as breast cancer cells (BCC) is motivated by HDL. Cellular uptake of cholesterol from HDL which increases cell growth is facilitated by scavenger receptors of the B class (SR-BI). The proliferative effect of HDL might be mediated by this receptor. It is also believed that HDL has an anti-apoptotic effect on various cell types and promotes cell growth. This study was designed to investigate SR-BI expression, proliferation and apoptotic effect of HDL on human BCC lines, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-468. MATERIALS AND METHODS Real-time-PCR method was used to evaluate expression of SR-BI, and cholesterol concentration was measured using a cholesterol assay kits (Pars AZ moon, Karaj, Iran). Cell viability was assessed using the MTT test. To identify cell apoptosis, the annexin V-FITC staining test and caspase-9 activity assay were applied. RESULTS Treatment of both cell lines (MCF-7, MDA-MB-468) with HDL results in augmentation of SR-BI mRNA expression and also elevation of the intracellular cholesterol (P<0.01). HDL induced cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, and prevented activation of caspase-9 (P<0.05). We also demonstrated that inhibition of SR-B1 by BLT-1 could reduce cell proliferation, and induction of SR-B1 receptor by quercetin increased HDL-induced proliferation in both cell lines (P<0.05). CONCLUSION It can be concluded that alteration in HDL levels by SR-B1 activator (Quercetin) or inhibitor (BLT-1) may affect BCC growth and apoptosis induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neamat Karimi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Cancer Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Soghra Karami Tehrani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Cancer Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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Singh DP, Begum R, Kaur G, Bagam P, Kambiranda D, Singh R, Batra S. E-cig vapor condensate alters proteome and lipid profiles of membrane rafts: impact on inflammatory responses in A549 cells. Cell Biol Toxicol 2021; 37:773-793. [PMID: 33469865 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-020-09573-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) are battery-operated heating devices that aerosolize e-liquid, typically containing nicotine and several other chemicals, which is then inhaled by a user. Over the past decade, e-cigs have gained immense popularity among both smokers and non-smokers. One reason for this is that they are advertised as a safe alternative to conventional cigarettes. However, the recent reports of e-cig use associated lung injury have ignited a considerable debate about the relative harm and benefits of e-cigs. The number of reports about e-cig-induced inflammation and pulmonary health is increasing as researchers seek to better understand the effects of vaping on human health. In line with this, we investigated the molecular events responsible for the e-cig vapor condensate (ECVC)-mediated inflammation in human lung adenocarcinoma type II epithelial cells (A549). In an attempt to limit the variables caused by longer ingredient lists of flavored e-cigs, tobacco-flavored ECVC (TF-ECVC±nicotine) was employed for this study. Interestingly, we observed significant upregulation of cytokines and chemokines (IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1) in A549 cells following a 48 h TF-ECVC challenge. Furthermore, there was a significant increase in the expression of pattern recognition receptors TLR-4 and NOD-1, lipid raft-associated protein caveolin-1, and transcription factor NF-кB in TF-ECVC with and/or without nicotine-challenged lung epithelial cells. Our results further demonstrate the harboring of TLR-4 and NOD-1 in the caveolae of TF-ECVC-challenged A549 cells. Proteomic and lipidomic analyses of lipid raft fractions from control and challenged cells revealed a distinct protein and lipid profile in TF-ECVC (w/wo nicotine)-exposed A549 cells. Interestingly, the inflammatory effects of TF-ECVC (w/wo nicotine) were inhibited following the caveolin-1 knockdown, thus demonstrating a critical role of caveolae raft-mediated signaling in eliciting inflammatory responses upon TF-ECVC challenge. Graphical Abstract Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhirendra Pratap Singh
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunotoxicology, Department of Environmental Toxicology, 129 Health Research Center, Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, LA, 70813, USA
| | - Rizwana Begum
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunotoxicology, Department of Environmental Toxicology, 129 Health Research Center, Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, LA, 70813, USA
| | - Gagandeep Kaur
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunotoxicology, Department of Environmental Toxicology, 129 Health Research Center, Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, LA, 70813, USA
| | - Prathyusha Bagam
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunotoxicology, Department of Environmental Toxicology, 129 Health Research Center, Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, LA, 70813, USA
| | - Devaiah Kambiranda
- Southern University Agriculture Research and Extension Center, Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, LA, 70813, USA
| | - Rakesh Singh
- Translational Science Laboratory, FSU College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, 32309, USA
| | - Sanjay Batra
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunotoxicology, Department of Environmental Toxicology, 129 Health Research Center, Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, LA, 70813, USA.
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Smolar J, Horst M, Salemi S, Eberli D. Predifferentiated Smooth Muscle-Like Adipose-Derived Stem Cells for Bladder Engineering. Tissue Eng Part A 2020; 26:979-992. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2019.0216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Smolar
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maya Horst
- Division of Pediatric Urology, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Souzan Salemi
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Eberli
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Tumor cell cholesterol depletion and V-ATPase inhibition as an inhibitory mechanism to prevent cell migration and invasiveness in melanoma. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017; 1862:684-691. [PMID: 29253593 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 11/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND V-ATPase interactions with cholesterol enriched membrane microdomains have been related to metastasis in a variety of cancers, but the underlying mechanism remains at its beginnings. It has recently been reported that the inhibition of this H+ pump affects cholesterol mobilization to the plasma membrane. METHODS Inhibition of melanoma cell migration and invasiveness was assessed by wound healing and Transwell assays in murine cell lines (B16F10 and Melan-A). V-ATPase activity was measured in vitro by ATP hydrolysis and H+ transport in membrane vesicles, and intact cell H+ fluxes were measured by using a non-invasive Scanning Ion-selective Electrode Technique (SIET). RESULTS Cholesterol depletion by 5mM MβCD was found to be inhibitory to the hydrolytic and H+ pumping activities of the V-ATPase of melanoma cell lines, as well as to the migration and invasiveness capacities of these cells. Nearly the same effects were obtained using concanamycin A, a specific inhibitor of V-ATPase, which also promoted a decrease of the H+ efflux in live cells at the same extent of MβCD. CONCLUSIONS We found that cholesterol depletion significantly affects the V-ATPase activity and the initial metastatic processes following a profile similar to those observed in the presence of the V-ATPase specific inhibitor, concanamycin. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The results shed new light on the functional role of the interactions between V-ATPases and cholesterol-enriched microdomains of cell membranes that contribute with malignant phenotypes in melanoma.
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Coisne C, Tilloy S, Monflier E, Wils D, Fenart L, Gosselet F. Cyclodextrins as Emerging Therapeutic Tools in the Treatment of Cholesterol-Associated Vascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Molecules 2016; 21:E1748. [PMID: 27999408 PMCID: PMC6273856 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21121748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases, like atherosclerosis, and neurodegenerative diseases affecting the central nervous system (CNS) are closely linked to alterations of cholesterol metabolism. Therefore, innovative pharmacological approaches aiming at counteracting cholesterol imbalance display promising therapeutic potential. However, these approaches need to take into account the existence of biological barriers such as intestinal and blood-brain barriers which participate in the organ homeostasis and are major defense systems against xenobiotics. Interest in cyclodextrins (CDs) as medicinal agents has increased continuously based on their ability to actively extract lipids from cell membranes and to provide suitable carrier system for drug delivery. Many novel CD derivatives are constantly generated with the objective to improve CD bioavailability, biocompatibility and therapeutic outcomes. Newly designed drug formulation complexes incorporating CDs as drug carriers have demonstrated better efficiency in treating cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. CD-based therapies as cholesterol-sequestrating agent have recently demonstrated promising advances with KLEPTOSE® CRYSMEB in atherosclerosis as well as with the 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) in clinical trials for Niemann-Pick type C disease. Based on this success, many investigations evaluating the therapeutical beneficial of CDs in Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Huntington's diseases are currently on-going.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Coisne
- Laboratoire de la barrière hémato-encéphalique (LBHE), University Artois, EA 2465, Lens, F-62300, France.
| | - Sébastien Tilloy
- Unité de Catalyse et de Chimie du Solide (UCCS), University Artois, CNRS, UMR 8181, Lens, F-62300, France.
| | - Eric Monflier
- Unité de Catalyse et de Chimie du Solide (UCCS), University Artois, CNRS, UMR 8181, Lens, F-62300, France.
| | - Daniel Wils
- ROQUETTE, Nutrition & Health R & D, 62136 Lestrem, France.
| | - Laurence Fenart
- Laboratoire de la barrière hémato-encéphalique (LBHE), University Artois, EA 2465, Lens, F-62300, France.
| | - Fabien Gosselet
- Laboratoire de la barrière hémato-encéphalique (LBHE), University Artois, EA 2465, Lens, F-62300, France.
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Coisne C, Hallier-Vanuxeem D, Boucau MC, Hachani J, Tilloy S, Bricout H, Monflier E, Wils D, Serpelloni M, Parissaux X, Fenart L, Gosselet F. β-Cyclodextrins Decrease Cholesterol Release and ABC-Associated Transporter Expression in Smooth Muscle Cells and Aortic Endothelial Cells. Front Physiol 2016; 7:185. [PMID: 27252658 PMCID: PMC4879322 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease that leads to an aberrant accumulation of cholesterol in vessel walls forming atherosclerotic plaques. During this process, the mechanism regulating complex cellular cholesterol pools defined as the reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) is altered as well as expression and functionality of transporters involved in this process, namely ABCA1, ABCG1, and SR-BI. Macrophages, arterial endothelial and smooth muscle cells (SMCs) have been involved in the atherosclerotic plaque formation. As macrophages are widely described as the major cell type forming the foam cells by accumulating intracellular cholesterol, RCT alterations have been poorly studied at the arterial endothelial cell and SMC levels. Amongst the therapeutics tested to actively counteract cellular cholesterol accumulation, the methylated β-cyclodextrin, KLEPTOSE® CRYSMEβ, has recently shown promising effects on decreasing the atherosclerotic plaque size in atherosclerotic mouse models. Therefore we investigated in vitro the RCT process occurring in SMCs and in arterial endothelial cells (ABAE) as well as the ability of some modified β-CDs with different methylation degree to modify RCT in these cells. To this aim, cells were incubated in the presence of different methylated β-CDs, including KLEPTOSE® CRYSMEβ. Both cell types were shown to express basal levels of ABCA1 and SR-BI whereas ABCG1 was solely found in ABAE. Upon CD treatments, the percentage of membrane-extracted cholesterol correlated to the methylation degree of the CDs independently of the lipid composition of the cell membranes. Decreasing the cellular cholesterol content with CDs led to reduce the expression levels of ABCA1 and ABCG1. In addition, the cholesterol efflux to ApoA-I and HDL particles was significantly decreased suggesting that cells forming the blood vessel wall are able to counteract the CD-induced loss of cholesterol. Taken together, our observations suggest that methylated β-CDs can significantly reduce the cellular cholesterol content of cells forming atherosclerotic lesions and can subsequently modulate the expression of ABC transporters involved in RCT. The use of methylated β-CDs would represent a valuable and efficient tool to interfere with atherosclerosis pathogenesis in patients, nonetheless their mode of action still needs further investigations to be fully understood and finely controlled at the cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Coisne
- EA 2465, Laboratoire de la Barrière Hémato-Encéphalique, Université d'Artois Lens, France
| | | | - Marie-Christine Boucau
- EA 2465, Laboratoire de la Barrière Hémato-Encéphalique, Université d'Artois Lens, France
| | - Johan Hachani
- EA 2465, Laboratoire de la Barrière Hémato-Encéphalique, Université d'Artois Lens, France
| | - Sébastien Tilloy
- Université Artois, CNRS, Centrale Lille, ENSCL, Université Lille, UMR 8181, Unité de Catalyse et de Chimie du Solide (UCCS) Lens, France
| | - Hervé Bricout
- Université Artois, CNRS, Centrale Lille, ENSCL, Université Lille, UMR 8181, Unité de Catalyse et de Chimie du Solide (UCCS) Lens, France
| | - Eric Monflier
- Université Artois, CNRS, Centrale Lille, ENSCL, Université Lille, UMR 8181, Unité de Catalyse et de Chimie du Solide (UCCS) Lens, France
| | - Daniel Wils
- ROQUETTE, Nutrition Direction Lestrem, France
| | | | | | - Laurence Fenart
- EA 2465, Laboratoire de la Barrière Hémato-Encéphalique, Université d'Artois Lens, France
| | - Fabien Gosselet
- EA 2465, Laboratoire de la Barrière Hémato-Encéphalique, Université d'Artois Lens, France
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Suica VI, Uyy E, Boteanu RM, Ivan L, Antohe F. Alteration of actin dependent signaling pathways associated with membrane microdomains in hyperlipidemia. Proteome Sci 2015; 13:30. [PMID: 26628893 PMCID: PMC4666118 DOI: 10.1186/s12953-015-0087-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Membrane microdomains represent dynamic membrane nano-assemblies enriched in signaling molecules suggesting their active involvement in not only physiological but also pathological molecular processes. The hyperlipidemic stress is a major risk factor of atherosclerosis, but its exact mechanisms of action at the membrane microdomains level remain elusive. The aim of the present study was to determine whether membrane-cytoskeleton proteome in the pulmonary tissue could be modulated by the hyperlipidemic stress, a major risk factor of atherosclerosis. Results High resolution mass spectrometry based proteomics analysis was performed for detergent resistant membrane microdomains isolated from lung homogenates of control, ApoE deficient and statin treated ApoE deficient mice. The findings of the study allowed the identification with high confidence of 1925 proteins, 291 of which were found significantly altered by the modified genetic background, by the statin treatment or both conditions. Principal component analysis revealed a proximal partitioning of the biological replicates, but also a distinct spatial scattering of the sample groups, highlighting different quantitative profiles. The statistical significant over-representation of Regulation of actin cytoskeleton, Focal adhesion and Adherens junction Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes signaling pathways was demonstrated through bioinformatics analysis. The three inter-relation maps comprised 29 of regulated proteins, proving membrane-cytoskeleton coupling targeting and alteration by hyperlipidemia and/or statin treatment. Conclusions The findings of the study allowed the identification with high confidence of the main proteins modulated by the hyperlipidemic stress involved in the actin-dependent pathways. Our study provides the basis for future work probing how the protein activities at the membrane-cytoskeleton interface are dependent upon genetic induced hyperlipidemia. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12953-015-0087-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viorel-Iulian Suica
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu", 8 BP Hasdeu Street, PO Box 35-14, 050568 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Elena Uyy
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu", 8 BP Hasdeu Street, PO Box 35-14, 050568 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Raluca Maria Boteanu
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu", 8 BP Hasdeu Street, PO Box 35-14, 050568 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Luminita Ivan
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu", 8 BP Hasdeu Street, PO Box 35-14, 050568 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Felicia Antohe
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu", 8 BP Hasdeu Street, PO Box 35-14, 050568 Bucharest, Romania
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Integration of proteomic and transcriptomic profiles identifies a novel PDGF-MYC network in human smooth muscle cells. Cell Commun Signal 2014; 12:44. [PMID: 25080971 PMCID: PMC4422302 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-014-0044-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) has been implicated in the proliferation, migration and synthetic activities of smooth muscle cells that characterize physiologic and pathologic tissue remodeling in hollow organs. However, neither the molecular basis of PDGFR-regulated signaling webs, nor the extent to which specific components within these networks could be exploited for therapeutic benefit has been fully elucidated. Results Expression profiling and quantitative proteomics analysis of PDGF-treated primary human bladder smooth muscle cells identified 1,695 genes and 241 proteins as differentially expressed versus non-treated cells. Analysis of gene expression data revealed MYC, JUN, EGR1, MYB, RUNX1, as the transcription factors most significantly networked with up-regulated genes. Forty targets were significantly altered at both the mRNA and protein levels. Proliferation, migration and angiogenesis were the biological processes most significantly associated with this signature, and MYC was the most highly networked master regulator. Alterations in master regulators and gene targets were validated in PDGF-stimulated smooth muscle cells in vitro and in a model of bladder injury in vivo. Pharmacologic inhibition of MYC and JUN confirmed their role in SMC proliferation and migration. Network analysis identified the diaphanous-related formin 3 as a novel PDGF target regulated by MYC and JUN, which was necessary for PDGF-stimulated lamellipodium formation. Conclusions These findings provide the first systems-level analysis of the PDGF-regulated transcriptome and proteome in normal smooth muscle cells. The analyses revealed an extensive cohort of PDGF-dependent biological processes and connected key transcriptional effectors to their regulation, significantly expanding current knowledge of PDGF-stimulated signaling cascades. These observations also implicate MYC as a novel target for pharmacological intervention in fibroproliferative expansion of smooth muscle, and potentially in cancers in which PDGFR-dependent signaling or MYC activation promote tumor progression.
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Hissa B, Pontes B, Roma PMS, Alves AP, Rocha CD, Valverde TM, Aguiar PHN, Almeida FP, Guimarães AJ, Guatimosim C, Silva AM, Fernandes MC, Andrews NW, Viana NB, Mesquita ON, Agero U, Andrade LO. Membrane cholesterol removal changes mechanical properties of cells and induces secretion of a specific pool of lysosomes. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82988. [PMID: 24376622 PMCID: PMC3869752 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In a previous study we had shown that membrane cholesterol removal induced unregulated lysosomal exocytosis events leading to the depletion of lysosomes located at cell periphery. However, the mechanism by which cholesterol triggered these exocytic events had not been uncovered. In this study we investigated the importance of cholesterol in controlling mechanical properties of cells and its connection with lysosomal exocytosis. Tether extraction with optical tweezers and defocusing microscopy were used to assess cell dynamics in mouse fibroblasts. These assays showed that bending modulus and surface tension increased when cholesterol was extracted from fibroblasts plasma membrane upon incubation with MβCD, and that the membrane-cytoskeleton relaxation time increased at the beginning of MβCD treatment and decreased at the end. We also showed for the first time that the amplitude of membrane-cytoskeleton fluctuation decreased during cholesterol sequestration, showing that these cells become stiffer. These changes in membrane dynamics involved not only rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton, but also de novo actin polymerization and stress fiber formation through Rho activation. We found that these mechanical changes observed after cholesterol sequestration were involved in triggering lysosomal exocytosis. Exocytosis occurred even in the absence of the lysosomal calcium sensor synaptotagmin VII, and was associated with actin polymerization induced by MβCD. Notably, exocytosis triggered by cholesterol removal led to the secretion of a unique population of lysosomes, different from the pool mobilized by actin depolymerizing drugs such as Latrunculin-A. These data support the existence of at least two different pools of lysosomes with different exocytosis dynamics, one of which is directly mobilized for plasma membrane fusion after cholesterol removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Hissa
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Bruno Pontes
- LPO-COPEA, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Paula Magda S. Roma
- Departamento de Física, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Alves
- Departamento de Física, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Carolina D. Rocha
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Thalita M. Valverde
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Pedro Henrique N. Aguiar
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Fernando P. Almeida
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Allan J. Guimarães
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Cristina Guatimosim
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Aristóbolo M. Silva
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Maria C. Fernandes
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Norma W. Andrews
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Nathan B. Viana
- LPO-COPEA, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Oscar N. Mesquita
- Departamento de Física, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ubirajara Agero
- Departamento de Física, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Luciana O. Andrade
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Minogue S, Waugh MG. Lipid rafts, microdomain heterogeneity and inter-organelle contacts: impacts on membrane preparation for proteomic studies. Biol Cell 2012; 104:618-27. [PMID: 22694059 DOI: 10.1111/boc.201200020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2012] [Accepted: 06/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been considerable interest in mapping the protein content of isolated organelles using mass spectrometry. However, many subcellular compartments are highly dynamic with diverse and intricate architectures that are not always preserved during membrane isolation procedures. Furthermore, lateral heterogeneities in intra-membrane lipid and protein concentrations underlie the formation of membrane microdomains, trafficking vesicles and inter-membrane contacts. These complexities in membrane organisation have important consequences for the design of membrane preparation strategies and test the very concept of organelle purity. We illustrate how some of these biological considerations are relevant to membrane preparation and assess the numerous potential pitfalls in attempting to purify organelles from mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane Minogue
- Centre for Molecular Cell Biology, UCL, Institute of Liver and Digestive Health, Royal Free Campus, UCL, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom
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Fuentes DE, Butler PJ. Coordinated Mechanosensitivity of Membrane Rafts and Focal Adhesions. Cell Mol Bioeng 2012; 5:143-154. [PMID: 23487555 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-012-0225-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells sense mechanical forces of blood flow through mechanisms that involve focal adhesions (FAs). The mechanosensitive pathways that originate from FA-associated integrin activation may involve membrane rafts, small cholesterol- and sphigolipid-rich domains that are either immobilized, by virtue of their attachment to the cytoskeleton, or highly mobile in the plane of the plasma membrane. In this study, we fluorescently labeled non-mobile and mobile populations of GM1, a ganglioside associated with lipid rafts, and transfected cells with the red fluorescent protein-(RFP-) talin, an indicator of integrin activation at FAs, in order to determine the kinetics and sequential order of raft and talin mechanosensitivity. Cells were imaged under confocal microscopy during mechanical manipulation of a FA induced by a fibronectin (FN)-functionalized nanoelectrode with feedback control of position. First, FA deformation led to long range deformation of immobile rafts followed by active recoil of a subpopulation of displaced rafts. Second, initial adhesion between the FN-probe and the cell induced rapid accumulation of GM1 at the probe site with a time constant of 1.7 s. Talin accumulated approximately 20 s later with a time constant of 0.6 s. Third, a 1 μm deformation of the FA lead to immediate (0.3 s) increase in GM1 fluorescence and a later (6 s) increase in talin. Fourth, long term deformation of FAs led to continual GM1 accumulation at the probe site that was reversed upon removal of the deformation. These results demonstrate that rafts are directly mechanosensitive and that raft mobility may enable the earliest events related to FA mechanosensing and reinforcement upon force application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela E Fuentes
- Department of Bioengineering, The Pennsylvania State University, 205 Hallowell Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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Staubach S, Hanisch FG. Lipid rafts: signaling and sorting platforms of cells and their roles in cancer. Expert Rev Proteomics 2011; 8:263-77. [PMID: 21501018 DOI: 10.1586/epr.11.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Lipid rafts are defined as microdomains within the lipid bilayer of cellular membranes that assemble subsets of transmembrane or glycosylphosphatidylinisotol-anchored proteins and lipids (cholesterol and sphingolipids) and experimentally resist extraction in cold detergent (detergent-resistant membrane). These highly dynamic raft domains are essential in signaling processes and also form sorting platforms for targeted protein traffic. Lipid rafts are involved in protein endocytosis that occurs via caveolae or flotillin-dependent pathways. Non-constitutive protein components of rafts fluctuate dramatically in cancer with impacts on cell proliferation, signaling, protein trafficking, adhesion and apoptosis. This article focuses on the identification of candidate cancer-associated biomarkers in carcinoma cells using state-of-the-art proteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Staubach
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Köln, Germany
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13
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Seong J, Ouyang M, Kim T, Sun J, Wen PC, Lu S, Zhuo Y, Llewellyn NM, Schlaepfer DD, Guan JL, Chien S, Wang Y. Detection of focal adhesion kinase activation at membrane microdomains by fluorescence resonance energy transfer. Nat Commun 2011; 2:406. [PMID: 21792185 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms1414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2010] [Accepted: 06/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Proper subcellular localization of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is crucial for many cellular processes. It remains, however, unclear how FAK activity is regulated at subcellular compartments. To visualize the FAK activity at different membrane microdomains, we develop a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based FAK biosensor, and target it into or outside of detergent-resistant membrane (DRM) regions at the plasma membrane. Here we show that, on cell adhesion to extracellular matrix proteins or stimulation by platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), the FRET responses of DRM-targeting FAK biosensor are stronger than that at non-DRM regions, suggesting that FAK activation can occur at DRM microdomains. Further experiments reveal that the PDGF-induced FAK activation is mediated and maintained by Src activity, whereas FAK activation on cell adhesion is independent of, and in fact essential for the Src activation. Therefore, FAK is activated at membrane microdomains with distinct activation mechanisms in response to different physiological stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihye Seong
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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14
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Kim BW, Lee CS, Yi JS, Lee JH, Lee JW, Choo HJ, Jung SY, Kim MS, Lee SW, Lee MS, Yoon G, Ko YG. Lipid raft proteome reveals that oxidative phosphorylation system is associated with the plasma membrane. Expert Rev Proteomics 2011; 7:849-66. [PMID: 21142887 DOI: 10.1586/epr.10.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Although accumulating proteomic analyses have supported the fact that mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complexes are localized in lipid rafts, which mediate cell signaling, immune response and host-pathogen interactions, there has been no in-depth study of the physiological functions of lipid-raft OXPHOS complexes. Here, we show that many subunits of OXPHOS complexes were identified from the lipid rafts of human adipocytes, C2C12 myotubes, Jurkat cells and surface biotin-labeled Jurkat cells via shotgun proteomic analysis. We discuss the findings of OXPHOS complexes in lipid rafts, the role of the surface ATP synthase complex as a receptor for various ligands and extracellular superoxide generation by plasma membrane oxidative phosphorylation complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bong-Woo Kim
- College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, 1, 5-ka, Anam-dong, Sungbuk-ku, Seoul, Korea
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15
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Aoki S, Thomas A, Decaffmeyer M, Brasseur R, Epand RM. The role of proline in the membrane re-entrant helix of caveolin-1. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:33371-33380. [PMID: 20729193 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.153569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Caveolin-1 has a segment of hydrophobic amino acids comprising approximately residues 103-122. We have performed an in silico analysis of the conformational preference of this segment of caveolin-1 using PepLook. We find that there is one main group of stable conformations corresponding to a hydrophobic U bent model that would not traverse the membrane. Furthermore, the calculations predict that substituting the Pro(110) residue with an Ala will change the conformation to a straight hydrophobic helix that would traverse the membrane. We have expressed the P110A mutant of caveolin-1, with a FLAG tag at the N terminus, in HEK 293 cells. We evaluate the topology of the proteins with confocal immunofluorescence microscopy in these cells. We find that FLAG tag at the N terminus of the wild type caveolin-1 is not reactive with antibodies unless the cell membrane is permeabilized with detergent. This indicates that in these cells, the hydrophobic segment of this protein is not transmembrane but takes up a bent conformation, making the protein monotopic. In contrast, the FLAG tag at the N terminus of the P110A mutant is equally exposed to antibodies, before and after membrane permeabilization. We also find that the P110A mutation causes a large reduction of endocytosis of caveolae, cellular lipid accumulation, and lipid droplet formulation. In addition, we find that this mutation markedly reduces the ability of caveolin-1 to form structures with the characteristic morphology of caveolae or to partition into the detergent-resistant membranes of these cells. Thus, the single Pro residue in the membrane-inserting segment of caveolin-1 plays an important role in both the membrane topology and localization of the protein as well as its functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoko Aoki
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University Health Science Center, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Annick Thomas
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire Numérique, ULg Gembloux Agro-BioTech, Passage des Déportés 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Marc Decaffmeyer
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire Numérique, ULg Gembloux Agro-BioTech, Passage des Déportés 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Robert Brasseur
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire Numérique, ULg Gembloux Agro-BioTech, Passage des Déportés 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Richard M Epand
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University Health Science Center, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada.
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16
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Weghuber J, Sunzenauer S, Plochberger B, Brameshuber M, Haselgrübler T, Schütz GJ. Temporal resolution of protein-protein interactions in the live-cell plasma membrane. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 397:3339-47. [PMID: 20574782 PMCID: PMC2911529 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-3854-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2010] [Accepted: 05/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We have recently devised a method to quantify interactions between a membrane protein ("bait") and a fluorophore-labeled protein ("prey") directly in the live-cell plasma membrane (Schwarzenbacher et al. Nature Methods 5:1053-1060 2008). The idea is to seed cells on surfaces containing micro-patterned antibodies against the exoplasmic domain of the bait, and monitor the co-patterning of the fluorescent prey via fluorescence microscopy. Here, we characterized the time course of bait and prey micropattern formation upon seeding the cells onto the micro-biochip. Patterns were formed immediately after contact of the cells with the surface. Cells were able to migrate over the chip surface without affecting the micropattern contrast, which remained constant over hours. On single cells, bait contrast may be subject to fluctuations, indicating that the bait can be released from and recaptured on the micropatterns. We conclude that interaction studies can be performed at any time-point ranging from 5 min to several hours post seeding. Monitoring interactions with time opens up the possibility for new assays, which are briefly sketched in the discussion section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Weghuber
- Biophysics Institute, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstr.69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Stefan Sunzenauer
- Biophysics Institute, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstr.69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Birgit Plochberger
- Biophysics Institute, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstr.69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Mario Brameshuber
- Biophysics Institute, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstr.69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Thomas Haselgrübler
- Biophysics Institute, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstr.69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Gerhard J. Schütz
- Biophysics Institute, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstr.69, 4040 Linz, Austria
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17
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ZHU JL, ZHANG K, HE XW, ZHANG YK. New Development of Quantitative Mass Spectrometry-Based Proteomics. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2010. [DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1096.2010.00434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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18
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Sosne G, Qiu P, Kurpakus-Wheater M, Matthew H. Thymosin β4 and corneal wound healing: visions of the future. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2010; 1194:190-8. [PMID: 20536468 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05472.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Sosne
- Department of Ophthalmology and Anatomy, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Kresge Eye Institute, Detroit, Michigan, USA.
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19
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Lin SL, Chien CW, Han CL, Chen ESW, Kao SH, Chen YJ, Liao F. Temporal proteomics profiling of lipid rafts in CCR6-activated T cells reveals the integration of actin cytoskeleton dynamics. J Proteome Res 2010; 9:283-97. [PMID: 19928914 DOI: 10.1021/pr9006156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Chemokines orchestrate leukocyte migration toward sites of inflammation and infection and target leukocytes via chemokine receptors such as CCR6, a subfamily of the seven-transmembrane G-protein-coupled receptors. Lipid rafts are cholesterol and sphingolipid-enriched liquid-ordered membrane microdomains thought to serve as scaffolding platforms for signal transduction. To globally understand the dynamic changes of proteins within lipid rafts upon CCR6 activation in T cells, we quantitatively analyzed the time-dependent changes of lipid raft proteome using our recently reported membrane proteomics strategy combining gel-assisted digestion, iTRAQ labeling and LC-MS/MS. To our knowledge, the error-free identification of 852 proteins represents the first data set of the raft proteome in T cells upon chemokine receptor activation, including 354 previously annotated raft proteins and 85 dynamically recruited proteins that are potential raft-associated proteins. The temporal profiles revealed that many proteins involved in the actin cytoskeleton rearrangement are actively recruited into lipid rafts upon CCR6 activation. We further confirmed the proteomics results by Western blotting and used small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown to evaluate their roles upon CCR6 activation. In sum, we employed quantitative proteomic strategy to analyze raft proteome and identified many molecules actively involved in the control of actin assembly and disassembly regulating CCR6 activation-induced cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Ling Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
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20
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ZHU JL, ZHANG K, HE XW, ZHANG YK. New Developments of Quantitative Mass Spectrometry-based Proteomics. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2040(09)60032-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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21
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Chintagari NR, Mishra A, Su L, Wang Y, Ayalew S, Hartson SD, Liu L. Vacuolar ATPase regulates surfactant secretion in rat alveolar type II cells by modulating lamellar body calcium. PLoS One 2010; 5:e9228. [PMID: 20169059 PMCID: PMC2821907 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0009228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2009] [Accepted: 12/26/2009] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung surfactant reduces surface tension and maintains the stability of alveoli. How surfactant is released from alveolar epithelial type II cells is not fully understood. Vacuolar ATPase (V-ATPase) is the enzyme responsible for pumping H(+) into lamellar bodies and is required for the processing of surfactant proteins and the packaging of surfactant lipids. However, its role in lung surfactant secretion is unknown. Proteomic analysis revealed that vacuolar ATPase (V-ATPase) dominated the alveolar type II cell lipid raft proteome. Western blotting confirmed the association of V-ATPase a1 and B1/2 subunits with lipid rafts and their enrichment in lamellar bodies. The dissipation of lamellar body pH gradient by Bafilomycin A1 (Baf A1), an inhibitor of V-ATPase, increased surfactant secretion. Baf A1-stimulated secretion was blocked by the intracellular Ca(2+) chelator, BAPTA-AM, the protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor, staurosporine, and the Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), KN-62. Baf A1 induced Ca(2+) release from isolated lamellar bodies. Thapsigargin reduced the Baf A1-induced secretion, indicating cross-talk between lamellar body and endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) pools. Stimulation of type II cells with surfactant secretagogues dissipated the pH gradient across lamellar bodies and disassembled the V-ATPase complex, indicating the physiological relevance of the V-ATPase-mediated surfactant secretion. Finally, silencing of V-ATPase a1 and B2 subunits decreased stimulated surfactant secretion, indicating that these subunits were crucial for surfactant secretion. We conclude that V-ATPase regulates surfactant secretion via an increased Ca(2+) mobilization from lamellar bodies and endoplasmic reticulum, and the activation of PKC and CaMKII. Our finding revealed a previously unrealized role of V-ATPase in surfactant secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narendranath Reddy Chintagari
- Lundberg-Kienlen Lung Biology and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, United States of American
| | - Amarjit Mishra
- Lundberg-Kienlen Lung Biology and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, United States of American
| | - Lijing Su
- Lundberg-Kienlen Lung Biology and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, United States of American
| | - Yang Wang
- Lundberg-Kienlen Lung Biology and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, United States of American
| | - Sahlu Ayalew
- Department of Pathobiology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Steven D. Hartson
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Lin Liu
- Lundberg-Kienlen Lung Biology and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, United States of American
- * E-mail:
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22
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Lajoie P, Nabi IR. Lipid Rafts, Caveolae, and Their Endocytosis. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2010; 282:135-63. [DOI: 10.1016/s1937-6448(10)82003-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 266] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
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23
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Stanislas T, Bouyssie D, Rossignol M, Vesa S, Fromentin J, Morel J, Pichereaux C, Monsarrat B, Simon-Plas F. Quantitative proteomics reveals a dynamic association of proteins to detergent-resistant membranes upon elicitor signaling in tobacco. Mol Cell Proteomics 2009; 8:2186-98. [PMID: 19525550 PMCID: PMC2742443 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m900090-mcp200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2009] [Revised: 06/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A large body of evidence from the past decade supports the existence, in membrane from animal and yeast cells, of functional microdomains playing important roles in protein sorting, signal transduction, or infection by pathogens. In plants, as previously observed for animal microdomains, detergent-resistant fractions, enriched in sphingolipids and sterols, were isolated from plasma membrane. A characterization of their proteic content revealed their enrichment in proteins involved in signaling and response to biotic and abiotic stress and cell trafficking suggesting that these domains were likely to be involved in such physiological processes. In the present study, we used (14)N/(15)N metabolic labeling to compare, using a global quantitative proteomics approach, the content of tobacco detergent-resistant membranes extracted from cells treated or not with cryptogein, an elicitor of defense reaction. To analyze the data, we developed a software allowing an automatic quantification of the proteins identified. The results obtained indicate that, although the association to detergent-resistant membranes of most proteins remained unchanged upon cryptogein treatment, five proteins had their relative abundance modified. Four proteins related to cell trafficking (four dynamins) were less abundant in the detergent-resistant membrane fraction after cryptogein treatment, whereas one signaling protein (a 14-3-3 protein) was enriched. This analysis indicates that plant microdomains could, like their animal counterpart, play a role in the early signaling process underlying the setup of defense reaction. Furthermore proteins identified as differentially associated to tobacco detergent-resistant membranes after cryptogein challenge are involved in signaling and vesicular trafficking as already observed in similar studies performed in animal cells upon biological stimuli. This suggests that the ways by which the dynamic association of proteins to microdomains could participate in the regulation of the signaling process may be conserved between plant and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Stanislas
- From the ‡Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) Plante Microbe Environnement 1088/CNRS 5184/Université de Bourgogne, 17 Rue Sully, BP 86510 F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - David Bouyssie
- ¶Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, F-31077 Toulouse, France
- ‖IPBS, Université Paul Sabatier, Université de Toulouse, F-31077 Toulouse, France, and
| | - Michel Rossignol
- ¶Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, F-31077 Toulouse, France
- ‖IPBS, Université Paul Sabatier, Université de Toulouse, F-31077 Toulouse, France, and
- **IPBS, Institut Fédératif de Recherche 40 Plateforme Protéomique, 205 route de Narbonne, F-31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Simona Vesa
- From the ‡Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) Plante Microbe Environnement 1088/CNRS 5184/Université de Bourgogne, 17 Rue Sully, BP 86510 F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Jérôme Fromentin
- From the ‡Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) Plante Microbe Environnement 1088/CNRS 5184/Université de Bourgogne, 17 Rue Sully, BP 86510 F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Johanne Morel
- From the ‡Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) Plante Microbe Environnement 1088/CNRS 5184/Université de Bourgogne, 17 Rue Sully, BP 86510 F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Carole Pichereaux
- ¶Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, F-31077 Toulouse, France
- ‖IPBS, Université Paul Sabatier, Université de Toulouse, F-31077 Toulouse, France, and
- **IPBS, Institut Fédératif de Recherche 40 Plateforme Protéomique, 205 route de Narbonne, F-31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Bernard Monsarrat
- ¶Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, F-31077 Toulouse, France
- ‖IPBS, Université Paul Sabatier, Université de Toulouse, F-31077 Toulouse, France, and
| | - Françoise Simon-Plas
- From the ‡Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) Plante Microbe Environnement 1088/CNRS 5184/Université de Bourgogne, 17 Rue Sully, BP 86510 F-21000 Dijon, France
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Vaezzadeh AR, Steen H, Freeman MR, Lee RS. Proteomics and opportunities for clinical translation in urological disease. J Urol 2009; 182:835-43. [PMID: 19616261 DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2009.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2008] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Proteomics is a rapidly growing new discipline that has the potential to increase and improve the understanding of protein function and interaction in the context of systems biology. As a translational science it has the potential to identify many new therapeutic targets as well as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of disease. Proteomics approaches consist of a combination of powerful technologies such as protein/peptide separation, identification and bioinformatic detection, and quantitation based on powerful computational data processing tools. We present an overview of current proteomics technologies, a review of proteomics applications in urology and a perspective on the future of proteomics in clinical medicine. MATERIALS AND METHODS A literature search was performed on the basic concepts of proteomics and technologies commonly used in this field. Advantages, challenges and limitations of current proteomics approaches are discussed, and proteomics applications in the field of urology are presented. RESULTS The proteomics approaches to answer clinical questions have only recently been introduced. Many different technologies have been used in this field, which is moving from simple description to quantitative clinical applications. CONCLUSIONS Proteomics offers new approaches to the study of genitourinary tract diseases, and the potential to identify clinically relevant biomarkers and new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali R Vaezzadeh
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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25
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Abstract
Dynamic interactions between cellular membranes and the cytoskeleton are known to play major roles in many cellular responses to environmental cues. External signals resulting in proliferation, differentiation, polarization, and motility must be translated from chemical signals into changes of state, often involving the cytoskeleton-dependent altering of cell shape and redistribution of molecules. Cholesterol, a critical component of eukaryotic cell membranes, performs vital roles in regulating membrane dynamics and function. Here we demonstrate, using mesenchymal and epithelial cell lines, that depletion of membrane cholesterol results in Src kinase-mediated Rho activation and caveolin phosphorylation, which together collaborate to form stress fibers. These results demonstrate that cholesterol is a critical regulator of membrane-cytoskeletal dynamics and suggest that altered cholesterol concentrations may result in dramatic changes in cellular responses mediated by the cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maosong Qi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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26
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Zheng YZ, Foster LJ. Contributions of quantitative proteomics to understanding membrane microdomains. J Lipid Res 2009; 50:1976-85. [PMID: 19578161 PMCID: PMC2739763 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.r900018-jlr200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane microdomains, e.g., lipid rafts and caveolae, are crucial cell surface organelles responsible for many cellular signaling and communication events, which makes the characterization of their proteomes both interesting and valuable. They are large cellular complexes comprised of specific proteins and lipids, yet they are simple enough in composition to be amenable to modern LC/MS/MS methods for proteomics. However, the proteomic characterization of membrane microdomains by traditional qualitative mass spectrometry is insufficient for distinguishing true components of the microdomains from copurifying contaminants or for evaluating dynamic changes in the proteome compositions. In this review, we discuss the contributions quantitative proteomics has made to our understanding of the biology of membrane microdomains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zi Zheng
- Centre for High-Throughput Biology and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2125 East Mall, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Chichili GR, Rodgers W. Cytoskeleton-membrane interactions in membrane raft structure. Cell Mol Life Sci 2009; 66:2319-28. [PMID: 19370312 PMCID: PMC2709161 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-009-0022-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2009] [Revised: 02/26/2009] [Accepted: 03/12/2009] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cell membranes are structurally heterogeneous, composed of discrete domains with unique physical and biological properties. Membrane domains can form through a number of mechanisms involving lipid-lipid and protein-lipid interactions. One type of membrane domain is the cholesterol-dependent membrane raft. How rafts form remains a current topic in membrane biology. We review here evidence of structuring of rafts by the cortical actin cytoskeleton. This includes evidence that the actin cytoskeleton associates with rafts, and that many of the structural and functional properties of rafts require an intact actin cytoskeleton. We discuss the mechanisms of the actin-dependent raft organization, and the properties of the actin cytoskeleton in regulating raft-associated signaling events. We end with a discussion of membrane rafts and the actin cytoskeleton in T cell activation, which function synergistically to initiate the adaptive immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurunadh R. Chichili
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13th St., MS 45, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA
| | - William Rodgers
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13th St., MS 45, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA
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28
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Sundberg C, Friman T, Hecht LE, Kuhl C, Solomon KR. Two different PDGF beta-receptor cohorts in human pericytes mediate distinct biological endpoints. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2009; 175:171-89. [PMID: 19497991 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2009.080769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
How activation of a specific growth factor receptor selectively results in either cell proliferation or cytoskeletal reorganization is of central importance to the field of pathophysiology. In this study, we report on a novel mechanism that explains how this process is accomplished. Our current investigation demonstrates that soluble platelet derived growth factor- (PDGF)-BB activates a cohort of PDGF-beta receptors primarily confined to the lipid raft component of the cell membrane, specifically caveolae. In contrast, cell-bound PDGF-BB delivered via cell-cell contact results in activation and the subsequent up-regulation of a cohort of PDGF beta-receptors primarily confined to the non-lipid raft component of the cell membrane. Individual activation of these two receptor cohorts results in distinct biological endpoints, cytoskeletal reorganization or cell proliferation. Mechanistically, our evidence suggests that PDGF-BB-bearing cells preferentially stimulate the non-lipid raft receptor cohort through interleukin 1beta-mediated inhibition of the lipid raft cohort of receptors, leaving the non-raft receptor cohort operational and preferentially stimulated. In human skin injected with PDGF-BB and in tissue reparative processes PDGF beta-receptors colocalize with the caveolae/lipid raft marker caveolin-1. In contrast, in human skin injected with PDGF-BB-bearing tumor cells and in colorectal adenocarcinoma, activated PDGF beta-receptors do not colocalize with caveolin-1. Thus, growth factor receptors are segregated into specific cell membrane compartments that are preferentially activated through different mechanisms of ligand delivery, resulting in distinct biological endpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Sundberg
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Children's' Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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Zheng YZ, Berg KB, Foster LJ. Mitochondria do not contain lipid rafts, and lipid rafts do not contain mitochondrial proteins. J Lipid Res 2009; 50:988-98. [PMID: 19136664 PMCID: PMC2666185 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m800658-jlr200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2008] [Revised: 01/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid rafts are membrane microdomains involved in many cellular functions, including transduction of cellular signals and cell entry by pathogens. Lipid rafts can be enriched biochemically by extraction in a nonionic detergent at low temperature, followed by floatation on a sucrose density gradient. Previous proteomic studies of such detergent-resistant membranes (DRMs) are in disagreement about the presence of mitochondrial proteins in raft components. Here, we approach the status of mitochondrial proteins in DRM preparations by employing stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture to evaluate the composition of differentially purified subcellular fractions as well as high-resolution linear density gradients. Our data demonstrate that F(1)/F(0) ATPase subunits, voltage-dependent anion selective channels, and other mitochondrial proteins are at best partially copurifying contaminants of raft preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Leonard J. Foster
- Centre for High-Throughput Biology and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z4
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Yeo DSY, Chan R, Brown G, Ying L, Sutejo R, Aitken J, Tan BH, Wenk MR, Sugrue RJ. Evidence that selective changes in the lipid composition of raft-membranes occur during respiratory syncytial virus infection. Virology 2009; 386:168-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2008.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2008] [Revised: 11/19/2008] [Accepted: 12/01/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Zheng YZ, Foster LJ. Biochemical and proteomic approaches for the study of membrane microdomains. J Proteomics 2009; 72:12-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2008.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2008] [Revised: 08/14/2008] [Accepted: 09/18/2008] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Nazeer K, Janech MG, Lin JJC, Ryan KJ, Arthur JM, Budisavljevic MN. Changes in protein profiles during course of experimental glomerulonephritis. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2009; 296:F186-93. [DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.90222.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Better characterization of the molecular mechanisms underlying glomerular cell proliferation may improve our understanding of the pathogenesis of glomerulonephritis and yield disease-specific markers. We used two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE) and mass spectrometry (MS) to generate expression profiles of glomerular proteins in the course of anti-Thy-1 nephritis. Glomeruli were isolated from Wistar rats by sieving, and proteins were separated by 2DE. In preliminary studies using normal rats, we identified known glomerular proteins from microfilaments [tropomyosin (Tm)] and intermediate filaments (vimentin and lamin A), proteins involved in assembly (α-actinin-4, F-actin capping protein) and membrane cytoskeletal linking (ezrin), as well as several enzymes (protein disulfide isomerase, ATP synthase, and aldehyde dehydrogenase). Comparison of glomerular protein abundance between normal rats and rats in the early phase of anti-Thy-1 nephritis yielded 28 differentially expressed protein spots. MS analysis identified 16 differentially expressed proteins including Tm. Altered Tm abundance in the course of anti-Thy-1 nephritis was confirmed, and specific isoforms were characterized by Western blotting. We demonstrated a complex change in Tm isoform abundance in the course of anti-Thy-1 nephritis. The early mesangiolytic phase of the disease was characterized by decreased abundance of low-molecular-weight isoforms Tm5a/5b and increased abundance of high-molecular-weight isoforms Tm6, Tm1, Tm2, and Tm3. The late proliferative phase of the disease was associated with increased abundance of isoforms Tm5a/5b, Tm6, and Tm1 and decreased abundance of Tm3. Isoforms Tm4 and Tm5 remained unchanged in the course of this model of experimental glomerulonephritis. Characterization of Tm isoform abundance in the course of clinical glomerulonephritis may identify disease-specific markers.
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Yi F, Jin S, Li PL. Lipid raft-redox signaling platforms in plasma membrane. METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (CLIFTON, N.J.) 2009; 580:93-107. [PMID: 19784595 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-60761-325-1_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Membrane lipid rafts (LRs) have been demonstrated to be importantly involved in transmembrane signaling in a variety of mammalian cells. Many receptors can be aggregated within the LR clusters to form signaling platforms. Currently, LRs were reported to be clustered to aggregate, recruit, and assemble NADPH oxidase subunits and related proteins in various cells in response to various stimuli, forming redox signaling platforms. These LR signaling platforms may play important roles in the regulation of cellular activity and cell function, and also in the development of cell dysfunction or injury associated with various pathological stimuli. This LRs clustering-mediated mechanism is considered to take a center stage in redox signaling associated with death receptors. In this chapter, some basic methods and procedures for characterization of LR-redox signaling platforms formation and for determination of the function of these signaling platforms are described in detail, which include identification of LR-redox signaling platforms in cell membrane by using fluorescent or confocal microscopy of LR-redox signaling platforms and fluorescent resonance energy transfer analysis, isolation of LR-redox signaling platforms by flotation of detergent-resistant membranes, and function measurement of LR-redox signaling platforms by electron spin resonance spectroscopy. It is expected that information provided here will help readers to design necessary experiments in their studies on LR signaling platforms and redox regulation of cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yi
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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Abstract
The Singer-Nicholson model of membranes postulated a uniform lipid bilayer randomly studded with floating proteins. However, it became clear almost immediately that membranes were not uniform and that clusters of lipids in a more ordered state existed within the generally disorder lipid milieu of the membrane. These clusters of ordered lipids are now referred to as lipid rafts. This review summarizes current thinking on the nature of lipid rafts focusing on the role of proteomics and lipidomics in understanding the structure of these domains. It also outlines the contribution of single-molecule methods in defining the forces that drive the formation and dynamics of these membrane domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda J Pike
- Washington University School of Medicine Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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Kiss E, Nagy P, Balogh A, Szöllosi J, Matkó J. Cytometry of raft and caveola membrane microdomains: from flow and imaging techniques to high throughput screening assays. Cytometry A 2008; 73:599-614. [PMID: 18473380 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.20572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The evolutionarily developed microdomain structure of biological membranes has gained more and more attention in the past decade. The caveolin-free "membrane rafts," the caveolin-expressing rafts (caveolae), as well as other membrane microdomains seem to play an essential role in controlling and coordinating cell-surface molecular recognition, internalization/endocytosis of the bound molecules or pathogenic organisms and in regulation of transmembrane signal transduction processes. Therefore, in many research fields (e.g. neurobiology and immunology), there is an ongoing need to understand the nature of these microdomains and to quantitatively characterize their lipid and protein composition under various physiological and pathological conditions. Flow and image cytometry offer many sophisticated and routine tools to study these questions. In this review, we give an overview of the past efforts to detect and characterize these membrane microdomains by the use of classical cytometric technologies, and finally we will discuss the results and perspectives of a new line of raft cytometry, the "high throughput screening assays of membrane microdomains," based on "lipidomic" and "proteomic" approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Endre Kiss
- Immunology Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences at Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
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Lafourcade C, Sobo K, Kieffer-Jaquinod S, Garin J, van der Goot FG. Regulation of the V-ATPase along the endocytic pathway occurs through reversible subunit association and membrane localization. PLoS One 2008; 3:e2758. [PMID: 18648502 PMCID: PMC2447177 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0002758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2008] [Accepted: 06/20/2008] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The lumen of endosomal organelles becomes increasingly acidic when going from the cell surface to lysosomes. Luminal pH thereby regulates important processes such as the release of internalized ligands from their receptor or the activation of lysosomal enzymes. The main player in endosomal acidification is the vacuolar ATPase (V-ATPase), a multi-subunit transmembrane complex that pumps protons from the cytoplasm to the lumen of organelles, or to the outside of the cell. The active V-ATPase is composed of two multi-subunit domains, the transmembrane V0 and the cytoplasmic V1. Here we found that the ratio of membrane associated V1/Vo varies along the endocytic pathway, the relative abundance of V1 being higher on late endosomes than on early endosomes, providing an explanation for the higher acidity of late endosomes. We also found that all membrane-bound V-ATPase subunits were associated with detergent resistant membranes (DRM) isolated from late endosomes, raising the possibility that association with lipid-raft like domains also plays a role in regulating the activity of the proton pump. In support of this, we found that treatment of cells with U18666A, a drug that leads to the accumulation of cholesterol in late endosomes, affected acidification of late endosome. Altogether our findings indicate that the activity of the vATPase in the endocytic pathway is regulated both by reversible association/dissociation and the interaction with specific lipid environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Lafourcade
- Global Health Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Faculty of Life Sciences, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Komla Sobo
- Global Health Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Faculty of Life Sciences, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sylvie Kieffer-Jaquinod
- CEA, DSV, iRTSV, Laboratoire d'Etude de la Dynamique des Protéomes, INSERM U880, Grenoble, France
| | - Jérome Garin
- CEA, DSV, iRTSV, Laboratoire d'Etude de la Dynamique des Protéomes, INSERM U880, Grenoble, France
| | - F. Gisou van der Goot
- Global Health Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Faculty of Life Sciences, Lausanne, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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Adam RM, Yang W, Di Vizio D, Mukhopadhyay NK, Steen H. Rapid preparation of nuclei-depleted detergent-resistant membrane fractions suitable for proteomics analysis. BMC Cell Biol 2008; 9:30. [PMID: 18534013 PMCID: PMC2440737 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2121-9-30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2008] [Accepted: 06/05/2008] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cholesterol-rich membrane microdomains known as lipid rafts have been implicated in diverse physiologic processes including lipid transport and signal transduction. Lipid rafts were originally defined as detergent-resistant membranes (DRMs) due to their relative insolubility in cold non-ionic detergents. Recent findings suggest that, although DRMs are not equivalent to lipid rafts, the presence of a given protein within DRMs strongly suggests its potential for raft association in vivo. Therefore, isolation of DRMs represents a useful starting point for biochemical analysis of lipid rafts. The physicochemical properties of DRMs present unique challenges to analysis of their protein composition. Existing methods of isolating DRM-enriched fractions involve flotation of cell extracts in a sucrose density gradient, which, although successful, can be labor intensive, time consuming and results in dilute sucrose-containing fractions with limited utility for direct proteomic analysis. In addition, several studies describing the proteomic characterization of DRMs using this and other approaches have reported the presence of nuclear proteins in such fractions. It is unclear whether these results reflect trafficking of nuclear proteins to DRMs or whether they arise from nuclear contamination during isolation. To address these issues, we have modified a published differential detergent extraction method to enable rapid DRM isolation that minimizes nuclear contamination and yields fractions compatible with mass spectrometry. Results DRM-enriched fractions isolated using the conventional or modified extraction methods displayed comparable profiles of known DRM-associated proteins, including flotillins, GPI-anchored proteins and heterotrimeric G-protein subunits. Thus, the modified procedure yielded fractions consistent with those isolated by existing methods. However, we observed a marked reduction in the percentage of nuclear proteins identified in DRM fractions isolated with the modified method (15%) compared to DRMs isolated by conventional means (36%). Furthermore, of the 21 nuclear proteins identified exclusively in modified DRM fractions, 16 have been reported to exist in other subcellular sites, with evidence to suggest shuttling of these species between the nucleus and other organelles. Conclusion We describe a modified DRM isolation procedure that generates DRMs that are largely free of nuclear contamination and that is compatible with downstream proteomic analyses with minimal additional processing. Our findings also imply that identification of nuclear proteins in DRMs is likely to reflect legitimate movement of proteins between compartments, and is not a result of contamination during extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalyn M Adam
- Urological Diseases Research Center, Children's Hospital Boston and Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Robinson JM, Ackerman WE, Kniss DA, Takizawa T, Vandré DD. Proteomics of the human placenta: promises and realities. Placenta 2008; 29:135-43. [PMID: 18222537 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2007.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2007] [Revised: 12/06/2007] [Accepted: 12/11/2007] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Proteomics is an area of study that sets as its ultimate goal the global analysis of all of the proteins expressed in a biological system of interest. However, technical limitations currently hamper proteome-wide analyses of complex systems. In a more practical sense, a desired outcome of proteomics research is the translation of large protein data sets into formats that provide meaningful information regarding clinical conditions (e.g., biomarkers to serve as diagnostic and/or prognostic indicators of disease). Herein, we discuss placental proteomics by describing existing studies, pointing out their strengths and weaknesses. In so doing, we strive to inform investigators interested in this area of research about the current gap between hyperbolic promises and realities. Additionally, we discuss the utility of proteomics in discovery-based research, particularly as regards the capacity to unearth novel insights into placental biology. Importantly, when considering under studied systems such as the human placenta and diseases associated with abnormalities in placental function, proteomics can serve as a robust 'shortcut' to obtaining information unlikely to be garnered using traditional approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Robinson
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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Abstract
Plasma membrane proteins serve essential functions for cells, interacting with both cellular and extracellular components, structures and signaling molecules. Additionally, plasma membrane proteins comprise more than two-thirds of the known protein targets for existing drugs. Consequently, defining membrane proteomes is crucial to understanding the role of plasma membranes in fundamental biological processes and for finding new targets for action in drug development. MS-based identification methods combined with chromatographic and traditional cell-biology techniques are powerful tools for proteomic mapping of proteins from organelles. However, the separation and identification of plasma membrane proteins remains a challenge for proteomic technology because of their hydrophobicity and microheterogeneity. Creative approaches to solve these problems and potential pitfalls will be discussed. Finally, a representative overview of the impressive achievements in this field will also be given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Djuro Josic
- Department of Medicine, Brown Medical School, Providence, RI, USA.
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40
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Furt F, Lefebvre B, Cullimore J, Bessoule JJ, Mongrand S. Plant lipid rafts: fluctuat nec mergitur. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2007; 2:508-11. [PMID: 19704542 PMCID: PMC2634352 DOI: 10.4161/psb.2.6.4636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2007] [Accepted: 06/27/2007] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Lipid rafts in plasma membranes are hypothesized to play key roles in many cellular processes including signal transduction, membrane trafficking and entry of pathogens. We recently documented the biochemical characterization of lipid rafts, isolated as detergent-insoluble membranes, from Medicago truncatula root plasma membranes. We evidenced that the plant-specific lipid steryl-conjugates are among the main lipids of rafts together with free sterols and sphingolipids. An extensive proteomic analysis showed the presence of a specific set of proteins common to other lipid rafts, plus the presence of a redox system around a cytochrome b(561) not previously identified in lipid rafts of either plants or animals. Here, we discuss the similarities and differences between the lipids and proteins of plant and animal lipid rafts. Moreover we describe the potential biochemical functioning of the M. truncatula root lipid raft redox proteins and question whether they may play a physiological role in legume-symbiont interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabienne Furt
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire; Université Victor Segalen; Bordeaux, France
| | - Benoit Lefebvre
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes Micro-organismes; Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Julie Cullimore
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes Micro-organismes; Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | | | - Sébastien Mongrand
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire; Université Victor Segalen; Bordeaux, France
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41
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Yu H, Wakim B, Li M, Halligan B, Tint GS, Patel SB. Quantifying raft proteins in neonatal mouse brain by 'tube-gel' protein digestion label-free shotgun proteomics. Proteome Sci 2007; 5:17. [PMID: 17892558 PMCID: PMC2045652 DOI: 10.1186/1477-5956-5-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2007] [Accepted: 09/24/2007] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The low concentration and highly hydrophobic nature of proteins in lipid raft samples present significant challenges for the sensitive and accurate proteomic analyses of lipid raft proteins. Elimination of highly enriched lipids and interfering substances from raft samples is generally required before mass spectrometric analyses can be performed, but these procedures often lead to excessive protein loss and increased sample variability. For accurate analyses of the raft proteome, simplified protocols are needed to avoid excessive sample handling and purification steps. Results We have devised a simple protocol using a 'tube-gel' protein digestion that, when combined with mass spectrometry, can be used to obtain comprehensive and reproducible identification and quantitation of the lipid raft proteome prepared from neonatal mouse brain. Lipid rafts (detergent-resistant membranes using Triton X-100 extraction) prepared from neonatal mouse brain were directly incorporated into a polyacrylamide tube-gel matrix without prior protein separation. After in-gel digestion of proteins, nanospray LC-MS/MS was used to analyze the extracted peptides, and the resulting spectra were searched to identify the proteins present in the sample. Using the standard 'label-free' proteomics approach, the total number of MS/MS spectra for the identified proteins was used to provide a measure of relative protein abundances. This approach was successfully applied to lipid rafts prepared from neonatal mouse brain. A total of 216 proteins were identified: 127 proteins (58.8%) were predicted to be membrane proteins, or membrane-associated proteins and 175 proteins (~80%) showed less than a 2-fold variation in the relative abundance in replicate samples. Conclusion The tube-gel protein digestion protocol coupled with nanospray LC-MS/MS (TubeGeLC-MS/MS) offers a simple and reproducible method for identifying and quantifying the changes of relative abundances in lipid raft proteins from neonatal mouse brain and could become a useful approach for studying lipid raft proteins from various tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Yu
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nutrition, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Bassam Wakim
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Man Li
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nutrition, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250012, P. R. China
| | - Brian Halligan
- National Center for Proteomics Research, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - G Stephen Tint
- Research Service, Department of Veterans Affairs New Jersey Health Care System, East Orange, NJ 07018, USA, and Department of Medicine, UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103-2714, USA
| | - Shailendra B Patel
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nutrition, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Clement J. Zablocki Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI 53295, USA
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Abstract
The fluid mosaic model of membrane bilayers implies that proteins and lipids are homogenously distributed in the 2D surface of a membrane. Numerous lines of biochemical, biophysical and optical evidence now suggest that organized sub-domains of membranes exist, a subset of which are known as lipid rafts. Rafts are enriched in cholesterol, saturated phospholipids, sphingolipids and what is thought to be a specific subset of proteins. Biologically rafts have been implicated in several fundamental processes, including signal transduction, bacterial invasion, apical/basolateral sorting in polarized cells and viral budding; therefore, defining the raft proteome is an attractive goal. Rafts can be enriched biochemically by taking advantage of their buoyant density and resistance to non-ionic detergents so numerous studies have used a fraction so enriched as a starting point for characterizing the proteome of lipid rafts. This review will focus on approaches to lipid raft proteomics with a specific emphasis on the use of quantitative methods to ensure the specificity and/or functionality of raft proteins.
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43
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Abstract
Lipid domains, also known as lipid rafts, are segregated from the bulk of the plasma membrane and have been attributed a multitude of important cellular functions in both health and disease. The large number of recent proteomic studies of their composition has produced a stunning list of potential constituents, leading to many contradictory conclusions. The actual methodology used in the different studies therefore seems to be of pivotal importance with regard to the derived lipid domain proteomes. In this review, we attempt to interpret recent findings in light of the methodology used and identify potential artifacts. This integrative view tries to tentatively define the core composition, the associated functions, the topology, as well as the dynamics of lipid domain proteomes. In other words: who's in and who's out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard R Sprenger
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Adam RM, Mukhopadhyay NK, Kim J, Di Vizio D, Cinar B, Boucher K, Solomon KR, Freeman MR. Cholesterol sensitivity of endogenous and myristoylated Akt. Cancer Res 2007; 67:6238-46. [PMID: 17616681 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-07-0288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The serine-threonine kinase, Akt, has been linked to cholesterol-sensitive signaling mechanisms, suggesting a possible means whereby cholesterol might affect tumor cell growth and survival. However, it has not been shown whether Akt itself, as distinct from upstream components of the pathway (e.g., membrane phosphoinositides), can be directly responsible for cholesterol-mediated effects. Consistent with this possibility, we identified an Akt1 subpopulation in cholesterol-rich lipid raft fractions prepared from LNCaP human prostate cancer cells. Phosphorylation of this Akt subspecies was ablated with methyl-beta-cyclodextrin, a cholesterol-binding compound, under conditions where nonlipid raft-resident Akt was unaffected. A myristoylated Akt1 (MyrAkt1) fusion protein expressed in LNCaP cells was found to be highly enriched in lipid rafts, indicating that oncogenic Akt is overrepresented in cholesterol-rich membranes compared with wild-type Akt. Notably, lipid raft-resident MyrAkt1 exhibited a markedly distinct substrate preference compared with MyrAkt1 immunoprecipitated from cytosol and nonraft membrane fractions, suggesting a redirection of signal transduction when the protein is present in cholesterol-rich membranes. Expression of MyrAkt1 in LNCaP cells overcame their characteristic dependence on constitutive signaling through the phosphoinositide 3'-kinase pathway. This protective effect was substantially diminished with cyclodextrin treatment. Phosphorylation of Akt substrates in lipid raft fractions, but not in cytosol/nonraft membrane fractions, was ablated with cyclodextrin. In addition, in control (LacZ transfected) cells, lipid raft fractions were relatively enriched in phosphorylated Akt substrates. Collectively, these data show that a subpopulation of Akt is cholesterol sensitive and that the oncogenic effects conferred by myristoylation arise, in part, from the tendency of the membrane-targeted form of the protein to reside in cholesterol-rich membrane microdomains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalyn M Adam
- Urological Diseases Research Center, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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45
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Smith JC, Lambert JP, Elisma F, Figeys D. Proteomics in 2005/2006: developments, applications and challenges. Anal Chem 2007; 79:4325-43. [PMID: 17477510 DOI: 10.1021/ac070741j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey C Smith
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1H 8M5
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Le Naour F, André M, Boucheix C, Rubinstein E. Membrane microdomains and proteomics: lessons from tetraspanin microdomains and comparison with lipid rafts. Proteomics 2007; 6:6447-54. [PMID: 17109380 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200600282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Biological membranes are compartmentalized into microdomains that exhibit particular lipid and protein compositions. Membrane microdomains, such as tetraspanin-enriched microdomains and lipid rafts, have been suggested to play a role in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. Therefore, the characterization of the protein compositions of these microdomains, which is the focus of this review, appears to be a crucial step to better understanding their function. Proteomics has recently allowed the characterization of tetraspanin-enriched microdomains in colon cancer cells. This demonstrated the presence of different categories of membrane proteins and suggested a variation in the composition of tetraspanin-enriched microdomains during tumor progression. On the other hand, proteomics has permitted the identification of hundreds of proteins in lipid rafts of different origins. However, the diversity of methodologies in sample preparation and of strategies in protein identification led to a broad variability in the data obtained. These methodological issues are discussed. Moreover, proteomics has revealed that different sets of proteins were present in tetraspanin-enriched microdomains as compared with lipid rafts, strengthening the idea that these microdomains are distinct structures.
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47
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Fang PK, Solomon KR, Zhuang L, Qi M, McKee M, Freeman MR, Yelick PC. Caveolin-1alpha and -1beta perform nonredundant roles in early vertebrate development. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2007; 169:2209-22. [PMID: 17148682 PMCID: PMC1762473 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2006.060562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Caveolins are integral membrane proteins that localize predominantly to lipid rafts, where they oligomerize to form flask-shaped organelles termed caveolae and play important roles in membrane trafficking, signal transduction, and other cellular processes. To investigate potential roles for caveolin-1 (cav-1) in development, cav-1alpha and -1beta cDNAs were functionally characterized in the zebrafish. Cav-1alpha and -1beta mRNAs exhibited overlapping but distinct expression patterns throughout embryogenesis. Targeted depletion of either Cav-1 isoform, using antisense morpholino oligomers, resulted in a substantial loss of caveolae and dramatic neural, eye, and somite defects by 12 hours after fertilization, the time at which mRNA levels of both isoforms substantially increased in wild-type animals. Morphant phenotypes were rescued by injection of homotypic (cav-1alpha/cav-1alpha) but not heterotypic (cav-1alpha/cav-1beta) zebrafish and human cav-1 cRNAs, revealing nonredundant and evolutionarily conserved functions for the individual Cav-1 isoforms. Mutation of a known Cav-1 phosphorylation site unique to Cav-1alpha (Y14-->F) resulted in a failure to rescue the cav-1alpha morphant phenotype, verifying an essential role for Cav-1alpha specifically and implicating this residue in early developmental functions. Cav-1alpha and -1beta morphants also exhibited disruption in the actin cytoskeleton. These results support important and previously unanticipated roles for the Caveolin-1 isoforms in vertebrate organogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Ke Fang
- Urological Diseases Research Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Enders Research Laboratories, Suite 1161, 300 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA
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48
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Hunter I, Nixon GF. Spatial compartmentalization of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor 1-dependent signaling pathways in human airway smooth muscle cells. Lipid rafts are essential for TNF-alpha-mediated activation of RhoA but dispensable for the activation of the NF-kappaB and MAPK pathways. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:34705-15. [PMID: 16982613 PMCID: PMC2653078 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m605738200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha-induced activation of RhoA, mediated by TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1), is a prerequisite step in a pathway that leads to increased 20-kDa light chain of myosin (MLC20) phosphorylation and airway smooth muscle contraction. In this study, we have investigated the proximal events in TNF-alpha-induced RhoA activation. TNFR1 is localized to both lipid raft and nonraft regions of the plasma membrane in primary human airway smooth muscle cells. TNF-alpha engagement of TNFR1 recruited the adaptor proteins TRADD, TRAF-2, and RIP into lipid rafts and activated RhoA, NF-kappaB, and MAPK pathways. Depletion of cholesterol from rafts with methyl-beta-cyclodextrin caused a redistribution of TNFR1 to nonraft plasma membrane and prevented ligand-induced RhoA activation. By contrast, TNF-alpha-induced activation of NF-kappaB and MAPKs was unaffected by methyl-beta-cyclodextrin indicating that, in airway smooth muscle cells, activation of these pathways occurred independently of lipid rafts. Targeted knockdown of caveolin-1 completely abrogated TNF-alpha-induced RhoA activation, identifying this raft-resident protein as a positive regulator of the activation process. The signaling adaptors TRADD and RIP were also found to be necessary for ligand-induced RhoA activation. Taken together, our results suggest that in airway smooth muscle cells, spatial compartmentalization of TNFR1 provides a mechanism for generating distinct signaling outcomes in response to ligand engagement and define a mechanistic role for lipid rafts and caveolin-1 in TNF-alpha-induced activation of RhoA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Hunter
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, IMS Building, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, United Kingdom.
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49
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Abstract
The generation and control of cell polarity is a fundamental mechanism for directed migration of the cell. In developing neurons, the axonal growth cone recognizes environmental molecular cues and migrates toward its correct target, thereby forming neuronal networks. The spatial information provided by environmental cues directs axon growth and guidance through generating polarity of intracellular signals and cytoskeletal organization in the growth cone. This polarization process is dependent on lipid rafts, specialized microdomains in the cell membrane. Lipid rafts in specific regions of the growth cone are involved in axon growth and guidance. For example, forward migration of the growth cone requires raft membranes in its leading front. Recent experiments have suggested that lipid rafts function as a platform for localized signaling downstream of adhesion molecules and guidance receptors. The rafts assemble into an active membrane domain that captures and reorganizes the cytoskeletal machinery. In this way, the spatial control of signaling through raft membranes plays a critical role in translating extracellular information into polarized motility of the growth cone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Kamiguchi
- Laboratory for Neuronal Growth Mechanisms, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, Saitama, Japan.
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50
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Rege TA, Hagood JS. Thy-1, a versatile modulator of signaling affecting cellular adhesion, proliferation, survival, and cytokine/growth factor responses. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2006; 1763:991-9. [PMID: 16996153 PMCID: PMC1781924 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2006.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2006] [Revised: 08/13/2006] [Accepted: 08/16/2006] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Thy-1 is a 25-37 kDa glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored protein involved in T cell activation, neurite outgrowth, apoptosis, tumor suppression, wound healing, and fibrosis. To mediate these diverse effects, Thy-1 participates in multiple signaling cascades. In this review, we discuss Thy-1 signaling primarily in non-immunologic cell types, including neurons, mesangial cells, ovarian cancer cells, nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts. We review the current literature regarding Thy-1 signaling via integrins, protein tyrosine kinases, and cytokines and growth factors; and the roles of these signaling pathways in cellular adhesion, apoptosis, cell proliferation, and cell adhesion and migration. We also discuss the role of Thy-1 localization to lipid rafts, and of the GPI anchor in Thy-1 signaling. Ongoing research on the mechanisms of Thy-1 signaling will add to our understanding of the diverse physiologic and pathologic processes in which Thy-1 plays a role.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James S. Hagood
- *Correspondence: Department of Pediatrics & Cell Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, VH 648A, 1670 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35294-0019, Tel. 205-934-6458, Fax 205-996-2333,
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