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Buchta WC, Moutal A, Hines B, Garcia-Keller C, Smith ACW, Kalivas P, Khanna R, Riegel AC. Dynamic CRMP2 Regulation of CaV2.2 in the Prefrontal Cortex Contributes to the Reinstatement of Cocaine Seeking. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:346-357. [PMID: 31359322 PMCID: PMC6980501 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-01711-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cocaine addiction remains a major health concern with limited effective treatment options. A better understanding of mechanisms underlying relapse may help inform the development of new pharmacotherapies. Emerging evidence suggests that collapsin response mediator protein 2 (CRMP2) regulates presynaptic excitatory neurotransmission and contributes to pathological changes during diseases, such as neuropathic pain and substance use disorders. We examined the role of CRMP2 and its interactions with a known binding partner, CaV2.2, in cocaine-seeking behavior. We employed the rodent self-administration model of relapse to drug seeking and focused on the prefrontal cortex (PFC) for its well-established role in reinstatement behaviors. Our results indicated that repeated cocaine self-administration resulted in a dynamic and persistent alteration in the PFC expression of CRMP2 and its binding partner, the CaV2.2 (N-type) voltage-gated calcium channel. Following cocaine self-administration and extinction training, the expression of both CRMP2 and CaV2.2 was reduced relative to yoked saline controls. By contrast, cued reinstatement potentiated CRMP2 expression and increased CaV2.2 expression above extinction levels. Lastly, we utilized the recently developed peptide myr-TAT-CBD3 to disrupt the interaction between CRMP2 and CaV2.2 in vivo. We assessed the reinstatement behavior after infusing this peptide directly into the medial PFC and found that it decreased cue-induced reinstatement of cocaine seeking. Taken together, these data suggest that neuroadaptations in the CRMP2/CaV2.2 signaling cascade in the PFC can facilitate drug-seeking behavior. Targeting such interactions has implications for the treatment of cocaine relapse behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- William C Buchta
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC), 410C Basic Sciences Building, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
- Neurobiology of Addiction Research Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Aubin Moutal
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Bethany Hines
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC), 410C Basic Sciences Building, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
- Neurobiology of Addiction Research Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Constanza Garcia-Keller
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC), 410C Basic Sciences Building, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
- Neurobiology of Addiction Research Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Alexander C W Smith
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC), 410C Basic Sciences Building, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
- Neurobiology of Addiction Research Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Peter Kalivas
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC), 410C Basic Sciences Building, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
- Neurobiology of Addiction Research Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Rajesh Khanna
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
- The Center for Innovation in Brain Sciences, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Arthur C Riegel
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC), 410C Basic Sciences Building, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA.
- Neurobiology of Addiction Research Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA.
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A Mutation in Hnrnph1 That Decreases Methamphetamine-Induced Reinforcement, Reward, and Dopamine Release and Increases Synaptosomal hnRNP H and Mitochondrial Proteins. J Neurosci 2019; 40:107-130. [PMID: 31704785 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1808-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Individual variation in the addiction liability of amphetamines has a heritable genetic component. We previously identified Hnrnph1 (heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein H1) as a quantitative trait gene underlying decreased methamphetamine-induced locomotor activity in mice. Here, we showed that mice (both females and males) with a heterozygous mutation in the first coding exon of Hnrnph1 (H1+/-) showed reduced methamphetamine reinforcement and intake and dose-dependent changes in methamphetamine reward as measured via conditioned place preference. Furthermore, H1+/- mice showed a robust decrease in methamphetamine-induced dopamine release in the NAc with no change in baseline extracellular dopamine, striatal whole-tissue dopamine, dopamine transporter protein, dopamine uptake, or striatal methamphetamine and amphetamine metabolite levels. Immunohistochemical and immunoblot staining of midbrain dopaminergic neurons and their forebrain projections for TH did not reveal any major changes in staining intensity, cell number, or forebrain puncta counts. Surprisingly, there was a twofold increase in hnRNP H protein in the striatal synaptosome of H1+/- mice with no change in whole-tissue levels. To gain insight into the mechanisms linking increased synaptic hnRNP H with decreased methamphetamine-induced dopamine release and behaviors, synaptosomal proteomic analysis identified an increased baseline abundance of several mitochondrial complex I and V proteins that rapidly decreased at 30 min after methamphetamine administration in H1+/- mice. In contrast, the much lower level of basal synaptosomal mitochondrial proteins in WT mice showed a rapid increase. We conclude that H1+/- decreases methamphetamine-induced dopamine release, reward, and reinforcement and induces dynamic changes in basal and methamphetamine-induced synaptic mitochondrial function.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Methamphetamine dependence is a significant public health concern with no FDA-approved treatment. We discovered a role for the RNA binding protein hnRNP H in methamphetamine reward and reinforcement. Hnrnph1 mutation also blunted methamphetamine-induced dopamine release in the NAc, a key neurochemical event contributing to methamphetamine addiction liability. Finally, Hnrnph1 mutants showed a marked increase in basal level of synaptosomal hnRNP H and mitochondrial proteins that decreased in response to methamphetamine, whereas WT mice showed a methamphetamine-induced increase in synaptosomal mitochondrial proteins. Thus, we identified a potential role for hnRNP H in basal and dynamic mitochondrial function that informs methamphetamine-induced cellular adaptations associated with reduced addiction liability.
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Toyoshima M, Jiang X, Ogawa T, Ohnishi T, Yoshihara S, Balan S, Yoshikawa T, Hirokawa N. Enhanced carbonyl stress induces irreversible multimerization of CRMP2 in schizophrenia pathogenesis. Life Sci Alliance 2019; 2:2/5/e201900478. [PMID: 31591136 PMCID: PMC6781483 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.201900478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhanced carbonyl stress results in neurodevelopmental deficits by affecting microtubule function through the formation of irreversible dysfunctional multimer of carbonylated CRMP2. Enhanced carbonyl stress underlies a subset of schizophrenia, but its causal effects remain elusive. Here, we elucidated the molecular mechanism underlying the effects of carbonyl stress in iPS cells in which the gene encoding zinc metalloenzyme glyoxalase I (GLO1), a crucial enzyme for the clearance of carbonyl stress, was disrupted. The iPS cells exhibited significant cellular and developmental deficits, and hyper-carbonylation of collapsing response mediator protein 2 (CRMP2). Structural and biochemical analyses revealed an array of multiple carbonylation sites in the functional motifs of CRMP2, particularly D-hook (for dimerization) and T-site (for tetramerization), which are critical for the activity of the CRMP2 tetramer. Interestingly, carbonylated CRMP2 was stacked in the multimer conformation by irreversible cross-linking, resulting in loss of its unique function to bundle microtubules. Thus, the present study revealed that the enhanced carbonyl stress stemmed from the genetic aberrations results in neurodevelopmental deficits through the formation of irreversible dysfunctional multimer of carbonylated CRMP2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Toyoshima
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Japan
| | - Xuguang Jiang
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadayuki Ogawa
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Ohnishi
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Japan
| | - Shogo Yoshihara
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shabeesh Balan
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Japan
| | - Takeo Yoshikawa
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Hirokawa
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan .,Center of Excellence in Genome Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Lefevre E, Gooch H, Josh P, Alexander S, Eyles DW, Burne TH. Functional and molecular changes in the nucleus accumbens of MK-801-sensitized rats. Behav Pharmacol 2019; 30:383-395. [DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Lee KW, Kim K, Kim HC, Lee SY, Jang CG. The role of striatal Gα q/11 protein in methamphetamine-induced behavioral sensitization in mice. Behav Brain Res 2017; 346:66-72. [PMID: 29223637 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Gαq/11 protein transduces signals from neurotransmitter receptors and has been implicated in several functions of the central nervous system. In this study, the role of Gαq/11 protein in methamphetamine (METH)-induced behavioral sensitization was investigated using neurochemical and behavioral approaches. Repeated treatment with METH (2mg/kg, intraperitoneally) significantly increased behavioral sensitization as well as Gαq/11 protein expression and Gα protein activity in the striata of mice, while a single treatment of METH at the same dose did not affect these parameters. Repeated intrastriatal injections of a Gαq/11 inhibitor, [D-Trp7,9,10]-substance P, significantly reduced behavioral sensitization and striatal dopamine (DA) level in response to METH, with no effect on striatal tyrosine hydroxylase expression. These results suggest that Gαq/11 protein facilitates METH-induced behavioral sensitization by modulating DA release in the mouse striatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang-Wook Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea; Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungin Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung-Chun Kim
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Yong Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Choon-Gon Jang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
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Bosch PJ, Peng L, Kivell BM. Proteomics Analysis of Dorsal Striatum Reveals Changes in Synaptosomal Proteins following Methamphetamine Self-Administration in Rats. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139829. [PMID: 26484527 PMCID: PMC4618287 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine is a widely abused, highly addictive drug. Regulation of synaptic proteins within the brain’s reward pathway modulates addiction behaviours, the progression of drug addiction and long-term changes in brain structure and function that result from drug use. Therefore, using large scale proteomics studies we aim to identify global protein expression changes within the dorsal striatum, a key brain region involved in the modulation of addiction. We performed LC-MS/MS analyses on rat striatal synaptosomes following 30 days of methamphetamine self-administration (2 hours/day) and 14 days abstinence. We identified a total of 84 differentially-expressed proteins with known roles in neuroprotection, neuroplasticity, cell cytoskeleton, energy regulation and synaptic vesicles. We identify significant expression changes in stress-induced phosphoprotein and tubulin polymerisation-promoting protein, which have not previously been associated with addiction. In addition, we confirm the role of amphiphysin and phosphatidylethanolamine binding protein in addiction. This approach has provided new insight into the effects of methamphetamine self-administration on synaptic protein expression in a key brain region associated with addiction, showing a large set of differentially-expressed proteins that persist into abstinence. The mass spectrometry proteomics data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD001443.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J. Bosch
- Centre for Biodiscovery, School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Lifeng Peng
- Centre for Biodiscovery, School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
- * E-mail: (BMK); (LP)
| | - Bronwyn M. Kivell
- Centre for Biodiscovery, School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
- * E-mail: (BMK); (LP)
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Recent updates on drug abuse analyzed by neuroproteomics studies: Cocaine, Methamphetamine and MDMA. TRANSLATIONAL PROTEOMICS 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trprot.2014.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
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Matsumoto I, Alexander-Kaufman K, Iwazaki T, Kashem MA, Matsuda-Matsumoto H. CNS proteomes in alcohol and drug abuse and dependence. Expert Rev Proteomics 2014; 4:539-52. [PMID: 17705711 DOI: 10.1586/14789450.4.4.539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Drugs of abuse, including alcohol, can induce dependency formation and/or brain damage in brain regions important for cognition. 'High-throughput' approaches, such as cDNA microarray and proteomics, allow the analysis of global expression profiles of genes and proteins. These technologies have recently been applied to human brain tissue from patients with psychiatric illnesses, including substance abuse/dependence and appropriate animal models to help understand the causes and secondary effects of these complex disorders. Although these types of studies have been limited in number and by proteomics techniques that are still in their infancy, several interesting hypotheses have been proposed. Focusing on CNS proteomics, we aim to review and update current knowledge in this rapidly advancing area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izuru Matsumoto
- University of Sydney, Discipline of Pathology, NSW, Australia.
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Matsumoto H, Matsumoto I. Alcoholism: protein expression profiles in a human hippocampal model. Expert Rev Proteomics 2014; 5:321-31. [DOI: 10.1586/14789450.5.2.321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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10
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Dimatelis JJ, Russell VA, Stein DJ, Daniels WM. Effects of maternal separation and methamphetamine exposure on protein expression in the nucleus accumbens shell and core. Metab Brain Dis 2012; 27:363-75. [PMID: 22451087 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-012-9295-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2011] [Accepted: 03/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Early life adversity has been suggested to predispose an individual to later drug abuse. The core and shell sub-regions of the nucleus accumbens are differentially affected by both stressors and methamphetamine. This study aimed to characterize and quantify methamphetamine-induced protein expression in the shell and core of the nucleus accumbens in animals exposed to maternal separation during early development. Isobaric tagging (iTRAQ) which enables simultaneous identification and quantification of peptides with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) was used. We found that maternal separation altered more proteins involved in structure and redox regulation in the shell than in the core of the nucleus accumbens, and that maternal separation and methamphetamine had differential effects on signaling proteins in the shell and core. Compared to maternal separation or methamphetamine alone, the maternal separation/methamphetamine combination altered more proteins involved in energy metabolism, redox regulatory processes and neurotrophic proteins. Methamphetamine treatment of rats subjected to maternal separation caused a reduction of cytoskeletal proteins in the shell and altered cytoskeletal, signaling, energy metabolism and redox proteins in the core. Comparison of maternal separation/methamphetamine to methamphetamine alone resulted in decreased cytoskeletal proteins in both the shell and core and increased neurotrophic proteins in the core. This study confirms that both early life stress and methamphetamine differentially affect the shell and core of the nucleus accumbens and demonstrates that the combination of early life adversity and later methamphetamine use results in more proteins being affected in the nucleus accumbens than either treatment alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Dimatelis
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, 7925 Cape Town, South Africa.
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11
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Barreto GE, White RE, Xu L, Palm CJ, Giffard RG. Effects of heat shock protein 72 (Hsp72) on evolution of astrocyte activation following stroke in the mouse. Exp Neurol 2012; 238:284-96. [PMID: 22940431 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2012.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2012] [Revised: 08/01/2012] [Accepted: 08/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Astrocyte activation is a hallmark of the response to brain ischemia consisting of changes in gene expression and morphology. Heat shock protein 72 (Hsp72) protects from cerebral ischemia, and although several protective mechanisms have been investigated, effects on astrocyte activation have not been studied. To identify potential mechanisms of protection, microarray analysis was used to assess gene expression in the ischemic hemispheres of wild-type (WT) and Hsp72-overexpressing (Hsp72Tg) mice 24 h after middle cerebral artery occlusion or sham surgery. After stroke both genotypes exhibited changes in genes related to apoptosis, inflammation, and stress, with more downregulated genes in Hsp72Tg and more inflammation-related genes increased in WT mice. Genes indicative of astrocyte activation were also upregulated in both genotypes. To measure the extent and time course of astrocyte activation after stroke, detailed histological and morphological analyses were performed in the cortical penumbra. We observed a marked and persistent increase in glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and a transient increase in vimentin. No change in overall astrocyte number was observed based on glutamine synthetase immunoreactivity. Hsp72Tg and WT mice were compared for density of astrocytes expressing activation markers and astrocytic morphology. In animals with comparable infarct size, overexpression of Hsp72 reduced the density of GFAP- and vimentin-expressing cells, and decreased astrocyte morphological complexity 72 h following stroke. However, by 30 days astrocyte activation was similar between genotypes. These data indicate that early modulation of astrocyte activation provides an additional novel mechanism associated with Hsp72 overexpression in the setting of ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- George E Barreto
- Department of Anesthesia, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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12
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Mehan ND, Strauss KI. Combined age- and trauma-related proteomic changes in rat neocortex: a basis for brain vulnerability. Neurobiol Aging 2011; 33:1857-73. [PMID: 22088680 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2011.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2011] [Accepted: 09/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This proteomic study investigates the widely observed clinical phenomenon, that after comparable brain injuries, geriatric patients fare worse and recover less cognitive and neurologic function than younger victims. Utilizing a rat traumatic brain injury model, sham surgery or a neocortical contusion was induced in 3 age groups. Geriatric (21 months) rats performed worse on behavioral measures than young adults (12-16 weeks) and juveniles (5-6 weeks). Motor coordination and certain cognitive deficits showed age-dependence both before and after injury. Brain proteins were analyzed using silver-stained two-dimensional electrophoresis gels. Spot volume changes (>2-fold change, p<0.01) were identified between age and injury groups using computer-assisted densitometry. Sequences were determined by mass spectrometry of tryptic peptides. The 19 spots identified represented 13 different genes that fell into 4 general age- and injury-dependent expression patterns. Fifteen isoforms changed differentially with respect to both age and injury (p<0.05). Further investigations into the nature and function of these isoforms may yield insights into the vulnerability of older patients and resilience of younger patients in recovery after brain injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neal D Mehan
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267-0517, USA
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Wang J, Yuan W, Li MD. Genes and pathways co-associated with the exposure to multiple drugs of abuse, including alcohol, amphetamine/methamphetamine, cocaine, marijuana, morphine, and/or nicotine: a review of proteomics analyses. Mol Neurobiol 2011; 44:269-86. [PMID: 21922273 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-011-8202-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2011] [Accepted: 08/31/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Drug addiction is a chronic neuronal disease. In recent years, proteomics technology has been widely used to assess the protein expression in the brain tissues of both animals and humans exposed to addictive drugs. Through this approach, a large number of proteins potentially involved in the etiology of drug addictions have been identified, which provide a valuable resource to study protein function, biochemical pathways, and networks related to the molecular mechanisms underlying drug dependence. In this article, we summarize the recent application of proteomics to profiling protein expression patterns in animal or human brain tissues after the administration of alcohol, amphetamine/methamphetamine, cocaine, marijuana, morphine/heroin/butorphanol, or nicotine. From available reports, we compiled a list of 497 proteins associated with exposure to one or more addictive drugs, with 160 being related to exposure to at least two abused drugs. A number of biochemical pathways and biological processes appear to be enriched among these proteins, including synaptic transmission and signaling pathways related to neuronal functions. The data included in this work provide a summary and extension of the proteomics studies on drug addiction. Furthermore, the proteins and biological processes highlighted here may provide valuable insight into the cellular activities and biological processes in neurons in the development of drug addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Wang
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22911, USA
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Fallin MD, Lasseter VK, Liu Y, Avramopoulos D, McGrath J, Wolyniec PS, Nestadt G, Liang KY, Chen PL, Valle D, Pulver AE. Linkage and association on 8p21.2-p21.1 in schizophrenia. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2011; 156:188-97. [PMID: 21302347 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.31154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2010] [Accepted: 11/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In the past decade, we and others have consistently reported linkage to a schizophrenia (SZ) susceptibility region on chromosome 8p21. Most recently, in the largest SZ linkage sample to date, a multi-site international collaboration performed a SNP-based linkage scan (~6,000 SNPs; 831 pedigrees; 121 from Johns Hopkins (JHU)), that showed the strongest evidence for linkage in a 1 Mb region of chr 8p21 from rs1561817 to rs9797 (Z(max) = 3.22, P = 0.0004) [Holmans et al. 2009. Mol Psychiatry]. We have investigated this 8p21 peak region further in two ways: first by linkage and family-based association in 106 8p-linked European-Caucasian (EUC) JHU pedigrees using 1,402 SNPs across a 4.4 Mb region surrounding the peak; second, by an independent case-control association study in the genetically more homogeneous Ashkenazim (AJ) (709 cases, 1,547 controls) using 970 SNPs in a further narrowed 2.8 Mb region. Family-based association analyses in EUC pedigrees and case-control analyses in AJ samples reveal significant associations for SNPs in and around DPYSL2 and ADRA1A, candidate genes previously associated with SZ in our work and others. Further, several independent gene expression studies have shown that DPYSL2 is differentially expressed in SZ brains [Beasley et al. 2006. Proteomics 6(11):3414–3425; Edgar et al. 2000. Mol Psychiatry 5(1):85–90; Johnston-Wilson et al. 2000. Mol Psychiatry 5(2):142–149] or in response to psychosis-inducing pharmaceuticals [Iwazaki et al. 2007. Proteomics 7(7):1131–1139; Paulson et al. 2004. Proteomics 4(3):819–825]. Taken together, this work further supports DPYSL2 and the surrounding genomic region as a susceptibility locus for SZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Daniele Fallin
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Deng MY, Lam S, Meyer U, Feldon J, Li Q, Wei R, Luk L, Chua SE, Sham P, Wang Y, McAlonan GM. Frontal-subcortical protein expression following prenatal exposure to maternal inflammation. PLoS One 2011; 6:e16638. [PMID: 21347362 PMCID: PMC3037372 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0016638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2010] [Accepted: 12/30/2010] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal immune activation (MIA) during prenatal life is a risk factor for neurodevelopmental disorders including schizophrenia and autism. Such conditions are associated with alterations in fronto-subcortical circuits, but their molecular basis is far from clear. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Using two-dimensional differential in-gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) and mass spectrometry, with targeted western blot analyses for confirmation, we investigated the impact of MIA on the prefrontal and striatal proteome from an established MIA mouse model generated in C57B6 mice, by administering the viral analogue PolyI:C or saline vehicle (control) intravenously on gestation day (GD) 9. In striatum, 11 proteins were up-regulated and 4 proteins were down-regulated in the PolyI:C mice, while 10 proteins were up-regulated and 7 proteins down-regulated in prefrontal cortex (PFC). These were proteins involved in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, oxidation and auto-immune targets, including dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 (MEK), eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF) 4A-II, creatine kinase (CK)-B, L-lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)-B, WD repeat-containing protein and NADH dehydrogenase in the striatum; and guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G-protein), 14-3-3 protein, alpha-enolase, olfactory maker protein and heat shock proteins (HSP) 60, and 90-beta in the PFC. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE This data fits with emerging evidence for disruption of critical converging intracellular pathways involving MAPK pathways in neurodevelopmental conditions and it shows considerable overlap with protein pathways identified by genetic modeling and clinical post-mortem studies. This has implications for understanding causality and may offer potential biomarkers and novel treatment targets for neurodevelopmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Y. Deng
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Sylvia Lam
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Urs Meyer
- Laboratory and Behavioral Neurobiology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETH), Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Joram Feldon
- Laboratory and Behavioral Neurobiology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETH), Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Ran Wei
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Lawrence Luk
- Genome Research Centre, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Siew Eng Chua
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory for Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Pak Sham
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory for Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Grainne Mary McAlonan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory for Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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16
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van Nieuwenhuijzen PS, Kashem MA, Matsumoto I, Hunt GE, McGregor IS. A long hangover from party drugs: Residual proteomic changes in the hippocampus of rats 8 weeks after γ-hydroxybutyrate (GHB), 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) or their combination. Neurochem Int 2010; 56:871-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2010.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2010] [Accepted: 03/05/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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17
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Olfactory bulb proteins linked to olfactory memory in C57BL/6J mice. Amino Acids 2010; 39:871-86. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-010-0543-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2010] [Accepted: 02/24/2010] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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18
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Zheng JF, Patil SS, Chen WQ, An W, He JQ, Höger H, Lubec G. Hippocampal protein levels related to spatial memory are different in the Barnes maze and in the multiple T-maze. J Proteome Res 2010; 8:4479-86. [PMID: 19650667 DOI: 10.1021/pr9002596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The Multiple T-maze (MTM) and the Barnes maze (BM) are land mazes used for the evaluation of spatial memory. The observation that mice are performing differently in individual mazes made us test the hypothesis that differences in cognitive performances in the two land mazes would be accompanied by differences in hippocampal protein levels. C57BL/6J mice were tested in the BM and in the MTM, hippocampi were extirpated 6 h following the probe trials each, and proteins were extracted for gel-based proteomic analysis. Mice learned the task in both paradigms. Levels of hippocampal proteins from several pathways including signaling, chaperone, and metabolic cascades were significantly different between the two spatial memory tasks. Protein levels were linked to spatial memory specifically as yoked controls were used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Fang Zheng
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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19
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Faure JJ, Hattingh SM, Stein DJ, Daniels WM. Proteomic analysis reveals differentially expressed proteins in the rat frontal cortex after methamphetamine treatment. Metab Brain Dis 2009; 24:685-700. [PMID: 19826936 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-009-9167-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2009] [Accepted: 08/29/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (MA) is an addictive psycho-stimulant and the illicit use of the drug is escalating. In the present study, we examined protein expression profiles in the rat frontal cortex exposed to a total of eight MA injections (1 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) using 2-DE based proteomics. We investigated protein changes occurring in both the cytosolic fraction and the membrane fraction. 2-DE analysis resulted in 62 cytosolic and 44 membrane protein spots that were differentially regulated in the frontal cortex of rats exposed to MA when compared to control animals. Of these spots, 47 cytosolic and 42 membrane proteins were identified respectively, using ESI-Quad-TOF, which included ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase isozyme L1 (UCH-L1), beta-synuclein, 78 kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP 78), gamma-enolase, dihydropyrimidase-related protein 2 (DRP 2), complexin 2 and synapsin II. These proteins are associated with protein degradation, redox regulation, energy metabolism, cellular growth, cytoskeletal modifications and synaptic function. Proteomic research may be useful in exploring the complex underlying molecular mechanisms of MA dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Faure
- Division of Medical Physiology, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg, South Africa.
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20
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Gold MS, Kobeissy FH, Wang KKW, Merlo LJ, Bruijnzeel AW, Krasnova IN, Cadet JL. Methamphetamine- and trauma-induced brain injuries: comparative cellular and molecular neurobiological substrates. Biol Psychiatry 2009; 66:118-27. [PMID: 19345341 PMCID: PMC2810951 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2008] [Revised: 02/19/2009] [Accepted: 02/22/2009] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The use of methamphetamine (METH) is a growing public health problem, because its abuse is associated with long-term biochemical and structural effects on the human brain. Neurodegeneration is often observed in humans, because of mechanical injuries (e.g., traumatic brain injury [TBI]) and ischemic damage (strokes). In this review, we discuss recent findings documenting the fact that the psychostimulant drug METH can cause neuronal damage in several brain regions. The accumulated evidence from our laboratories and those of other investigators indicates that acute administration of METH leads to activation of calpain and caspase proteolytic systems. These systems are also involved in causing neuronal damage secondary to traumatic and ischemic brain injuries. Protease activation is accompanied by proteolysis of endogenous neuronal structural proteins (alphaII-spectrin protein and microtubule-associated protein-tau), evidenced by the appearance of their breakdown products after these injuries. When taken together, these observations suggest that METH exposure, like TBI, can cause substantial damage to the brain by causing both apoptotic and necrotic cell death in the brains of METH addicts who use large doses of the drug during their lifetimes. Finally, because METH abuse is accompanied by functional and structural changes in the brain similar to those in TBI, METH addicts might experience greater benefit if their treatment involved greater emphasis on rehabilitation in conjunction with potential neuroprotective pharmacological agents such as calpain and caspase inhibitors similar to those used in TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark S Gold
- Center for Neuroproteomics and Biomarkers Research, McKnight Brain Institute of the University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA
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21
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Kashem MA, Etages HD, Kopitar-Jerala N, McGregor IS, Matsumoto I. Differential protein expression in the corpus callosum (body) of human alcoholic brain. J Neurochem 2009; 110:486-95. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2009.06141.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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22
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Kashem MA, Ummehany R, Ukai W, Hashimoto E, Saito T, Mcgregor IS, Matsumoto I. Effects of typical (haloperidol) and atypical (risperidone) antipsychotic agents on protein expression in rat neural stem cells. Neurochem Int 2009; 55:558-65. [PMID: 19463880 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2009.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2009] [Revised: 05/08/2009] [Accepted: 05/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) play a crucial role in the development and maturation of the central nervous system. Recently studies suggest that antipsychotic drugs regulate the activities of NSCs. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying antipsychotic-induced changes of the activity of NSCs, particularly protein expression, are still unknown. We studied the growth and protein expression in haloperidol (HD) and risperidone (RS) treated rat NSCs. The treatment with RS (3microM) or HD (3microM) had no effect on morphology of NSCs after 24h, but significantly promotes or inhibits the differentiation of NSCs after a 96h of treatment. 2-DE based proteomics was performed at 24h, a stage before phenotypic expression of NSCs. Gel image analysis revealed that 30 protein spots in HD- and 60 spots in RS-treated groups were differentially regulated in their expression compared to control group (p<0.05; ANOVA). When these spots were compared between the two drug-treated groups, 23 spots overlapped leaving 7 HD-specific and 37 RS-specific spots. Of these 67 spots, 32 different proteins were identified. The majority of the differentially regulated proteins were classified into several functional groups, such as cytoskeletal, calcium regulating protein, metabolism, signal transduction and proteins related to oxidative stress. Our data shows that atypical RS expressed more proteins than typical HD, and these results might explain the molecular mechanisms underlying the different effects of both drugs on NSCs activities as described above. Identified proteins in this experiment may be useful in future studies of NSCs differentiation and/or understanding in molecular mechanisms of different neural diseases including schizophenia.
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Kashem MA, Sarker R, Des Etages H, Machaalani R, King N, McGregor IS, Matsumoto I. Comparative proteomics in the corpus callosal sub-regions of postmortem human brain. Neurochem Int 2009; 55:483-90. [PMID: 19433127 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2009.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2009] [Revised: 04/30/2009] [Accepted: 04/30/2009] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The corpus callosum (CC) is a single anatomical region with homologous cytoarchitecture and divided into four sub-regions such as the rostrum, the genu, the body and the splenium. Neuroimaging analysis revealed that susceptibility to clinical neurological diseases of these sub-regions is variable, indicating biochemical and physiological heterogenecity. To understand the biochemical make up of these regions, we compared the protein expression of these three sub-regional areas [the genu, the body and the splenium (n=9)] through 2D proteomics, which is a high-throughput global protein expression analysis technique. Normative proteomic comparison of gels, and analysis of spectra revealed that 17 (identified as 7 proteins), 35 (identified as 20 proteins) and 39 (identified as 21 proteins) protein spots were differentially expressed in the genu vs. the body, the genu vs. the splenium and the body vs. the splenium, respectively. These results suggest that the sub-regions of the CC differ at the level of protein expression. Identified proteins of the different groups belong to several functional classes such as cytoskeletal, metabolic, signaling, oxidative stress and calcium regulation. Interestingly, oxidative stress defense and glucose metabolic pathways of the splenium are quite different from the genu which might be correlated to region specific vulnerability of neuronal illness. Protein expression maps of these regions can be used as a reference source for future studies to investigate the molecular basis of functional differences and degree of pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative diseases of the CC.
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Boudreau AC, Ferrario CR, Glucksman MJ, Wolf ME. Signaling pathway adaptations and novel protein kinase A substrates related to behavioral sensitization to cocaine. J Neurochem 2009; 110:363-77. [PMID: 19457111 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2009.06140.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Behavioral sensitization is an animal model for aspects of cocaine addiction. Cocaine-sensitized rats exhibit increased AMPA receptor (AMPAR) surface expression in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) which may in turn enhance drug seeking. To identify signaling pathways contributing to AMPAR up-regulation, we measured AMPAR surface expression and signaling pathway activation in the NAc of cocaine-sensitized rats, cocaine-exposed rats that failed to sensitize and saline controls on withdrawal days (WD) 1, 7, and 21. We focused on calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK), and protein kinase A (PKA). In sensitized rats, AMPAR surface expression was elevated on WD7 and WD21 but not WD1. ERK2 activation followed a parallel time-course, suggesting a role in AMPAR up-regulation. Both sensitized and non-sensitized rats exhibited CaMKII activation on WD7, suggesting that CaMKII activation is not sufficient for AMPAR up-regulation. PKA phosphorylation, measured using an antibody recognizing phosphorylated PKA substrates, increased gradually over withdrawal in sensitized rats, from below control levels on WD1 to significantly greater than controls on WD21. Using proteomics, novel sensitization-related PKA substrates were identified, including two structural proteins (CRMP-2 and alpha-tubulin) that we speculate may link PKA signaling to previously reported dendritic remodeling in NAc neurons of cocaine-sensitized rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy C Boudreau
- Department of Neuroscience, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, Illinois 60064-3095, USA
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25
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Davidson ME, Kerepesi LA, Soto A, Chan VT. d-Serine exposure resulted in gene expression changes implicated in neurodegenerative disorders and neuronal dysfunction in male Fischer 344 rats. Arch Toxicol 2009; 83:747-62. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-009-0405-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2008] [Accepted: 01/15/2009] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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26
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Matsumoto I. Proteomics approach in the study of the pathophysiology of alcohol-related brain damage. Alcohol Alcohol 2009; 44:171-6. [PMID: 19136498 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agn104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Chronic, excessive drinking of alcohol can induce brain damage in the regions important for neurocognitive function. Some of the damage are permanent while some are appearantly reversible. It is our aim to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying alcohol-induced and/or related brain damage, particularly of that observed in 'medically uncomplicated' (without heptatic cirrhosis or Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome [WKS]) alcoholics. METHODS A high-throughput proteomics technology has been applied to several 'alcohol-sensitive' brain regions from uncomplicated and hepatic cirrhosis-complicated alcoholics to understand the mechanisms of alcohol-related brain damage at the level of protein expression. RESULTS It was clearly demonstrated that each brain region reacts in significantly different manner to chronic alcohol ingestion. Appearant abnormalities in vitamin B1 (thiamine)-related biochemical pathways were observed in several brain regions, such as the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, genu (a frontal part of the corpus callosum) and cerebellar vermis in uncomplicated alcoholics, suggesting that the reduction of this important nutritional component might be associated with brain damage even without the signs of WKS. In addition, in the two different subregions of the corpus callosum (genu and splenium [a posterior part of the corpus callosum]) and the cerebellar vermis, significant differences in protein expression profiles between uncomplicated and complicated alcoholics with hepatic cirrhosis were identified, suggesting that hepatic factors such as ammonia have significant additive influences on brain protein expression, which might lead to the structural changes and/or damage in these brain regions. Furthermore, in the hippocampus, significant change of the level of glutamine synthetase expression was observed, suggesting once again the importance of ammonia as a cause of brain damage in this region. CONCLUSIONS Although our data did not show any evidence of "direct" alcohol effects to induce the alteration of protein expression in association with brain damage, high-throughput neuroproteomics approaches are proven to have a potential to dissect the mechanisms of complex brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izuru Matsumoto
- Discipline of Pathology, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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27
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Hargreaves GA, Quinn H, Kashem MA, Matsumoto I, McGregor IS. Proteomic Analysis Demonstrates Adolescent Vulnerability to Lasting Hippocampal Changes Following Chronic Alcohol Consumption. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2009; 33:86-94. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2008.00814.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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28
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Abstract
The human central nervous system (CNS) is the most complex organ in nature, composed of ten trillion cells forming complex neural networks using a quadrillion synaptic connections. Proteins, their modifications, and their interactions are integral to CNS function. The emerging field of neuroproteomics provides us with a wide-scope view of posttranslation protein dynamics within the CNS to better our understanding of its function, and more often, its dysfunction consequent to neurodegenerative disorders. This chapter reviews methodology employed in the neurosciences to study the neuroproteome in health and disease. The chapter layout parallels this volume's four parts. Part I focuses on modeling human neuropathology in animals as surrogate, accessible, and controllable platforms in our research. Part II discusses methodology used to focus analysis onto a subneuroproteome. Part III reviews analytical and bioinformatic technologies applied in neuroproteomics. Part IV discusses clinical neuroproteomics, from processing of human biofluids to translation in biomarkers research. Neuroproteomics continues to mature as a discipline, confronting the extreme complexity of the CNS proteome and its dynamics, and providing insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying how our nervous system works and how it is compromised by injury and disease.
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Corradi A, Zanardi A, Giacomini C, Onofri F, Valtorta F, Zoli M, Benfenati F. Synapsin-I- and synapsin-II-null mice display an increased age-dependent cognitive impairment. J Cell Sci 2008; 121:3042-51. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.035063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Synapsin I (SynI) and synapsin II (SynII) are major synaptic vesicle (SV) proteins that function in the regulation of the availability of SVs for release in mature neurons. SynI and SynII show a high level of sequence similarity and share many functions in vivo, although distinct physiological roles for the two proteins have been proposed. Both SynI–/– and SynII–/– mice have a normal lifespan, but exhibit a decreased number of SVs and synaptic depression upon high-frequency stimulation. Because of the role of the synapsin proteins in synaptic organization and plasticity, we studied the long-lasting effects of synapsin deletion on the phenotype of SynI–/– and SynII–/– mice during aging. Both SynI–/– and SynII–/– mice displayed behavioural defects that emerged during aging and involved emotional memory in both mutants, and spatial memory in SynII–/– mice. These abnormalities, which were more pronounced in SynII–/– mice, were associated with neuronal loss and gliosis in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. The data indicate that SynI and SynII have specific and non-redundant functions, and that synaptic dysfunctions associated with synapsin mutations negatively modulate cognitive performances and neuronal survival during senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Corradi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Physiology, University of Genova and Istituto Nazionale di Neuroscienze, Viale Benedetto XV, 3 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Alessio Zanardi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Modena, Via Campi 287, 41100 Modena, Italy
| | - Caterina Giacomini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Physiology, University of Genova and Istituto Nazionale di Neuroscienze, Viale Benedetto XV, 3 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Franco Onofri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Physiology, University of Genova and Istituto Nazionale di Neuroscienze, Viale Benedetto XV, 3 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Flavia Valtorta
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute/Vita-Salute University, IIT Unit of Molecular Neuroscience and Istituto Nazionale di Neuroscienze, via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milano, Italy
| | - Michele Zoli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Modena, Via Campi 287, 41100 Modena, Italy
| | - Fabio Benfenati
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Physiology, University of Genova and Istituto Nazionale di Neuroscienze, Viale Benedetto XV, 3 16132 Genova, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, The Italian Institute of Technology, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
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Effect of +-methamphetamine on path integration learning, novel object recognition, and neurotoxicity in rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2008; 199:637-50. [PMID: 18509623 PMCID: PMC2562284 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-008-1183-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2007] [Accepted: 04/23/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Methamphetamine (MA) has been implicated in cognitive deficits in humans after chronic use. Animal models of neurotoxic MA exposure reveal persistent damage to monoaminergic systems but few associated cognitive effects. OBJECTIVES Since questions have been raised about the typical neurotoxic dosing regimen used in animals and whether it adequately models human cumulative drug exposure, these experiments examined two different dosing regimens. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rats were treated with one of the two regimens: one based on the typical neurotoxic regimen (4 x 10 mg/kg every 2 h) and one based on pharmacokinetic modeling (Cho AK, Melega WP, Kuczenski R, Segal DS Synapse 39:161-166, 2001) designed to better represent accumulating plasma concentrations of MA as seen in human users (24 x 1.67 mg/kg once every 15 min) matched for total daily dose. In two separate experiments, dosing regimens were compared for their effects on markers of neurotoxicity or on behavior. RESULTS On markers of neurotoxicity, MA showed decreased dopamine (DA) and 5-HT, increased glial fibrillary acidic protein, and increased corticosterone levels regardless of dosing regimen 3 days post-treatment. Behaviorally, MA-treated groups, regardless of dosing regimen, showed hypoactivity, increased initial hyperactivity to a subsequent MA challenge, impaired novel object recognition, impaired learning in a multiple T water maze test of path integration, and no differences on spatial navigation or reference memory in the Morris water maze. After behavioral testing, reductions of DA and 5-HT remained. CONCLUSIONS MA treatment induces an effect on path integration learning not previously reported. Dosing regimen had no differential effects on behavior or neurotoxicity.
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Kobeissy FH, Sadasivan S, Liu J, Gold MS, Wang KKW. Psychiatric research: psychoproteomics, degradomics and systems biology. Expert Rev Proteomics 2008; 5:293-314. [PMID: 18466058 DOI: 10.1586/14789450.5.2.293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
While proteomics has excelled in several disciplines in biology (cancer, injury and aging), neuroscience and psychiatryproteomic studies are still in their infancy. Several proteomic studies have been conducted in different areas of psychiatric disorders, including drug abuse (morphine, alcohol and methamphetamine) and other psychiatric disorders (depression, schizophrenia and psychosis). However, the exact cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying these conditions have not been fully investigated. Thus, one of the primary objectives of this review is to discuss psychoproteomic application in the area of psychiatric disorders, with special focus on substance- and drug-abuse research. In addition, we illustrate the potential role of degradomic utility in the area of psychiatric research and its application in establishing and identifying biomarkers relevant to neurotoxicity as a consequence of drug abuse. Finally, we will discuss the emerging role of systems biology and its current use in the field of neuroscience and its integral role in establishing a comprehensive understanding of specific brain disorders and brain function in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firas H Kobeissy
- McKnight Brain Institute, Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
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32
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Kashem MA, Harper C, Matsumoto I. Differential protein expression in the corpus callosum (genu) of human alcoholics. Neurochem Int 2008; 53:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2008.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2008] [Revised: 04/08/2008] [Accepted: 04/14/2008] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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33
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Iwazaki T, McGregor IS, Matsumoto I. Protein expression profile in the amygdala of rats with methamphetamine-induced behavioral sensitization. Neurosci Lett 2008; 435:113-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2008.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2007] [Revised: 02/05/2008] [Accepted: 02/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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34
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Quinn HR, Matsumoto I, Callaghan PD, Long LE, Arnold JC, Gunasekaran N, Thompson MR, Dawson B, Mallet PE, Kashem MA, Matsuda-Matsumoto H, Iwazaki T, McGregor IS. Adolescent rats find repeated Delta(9)-THC less aversive than adult rats but display greater residual cognitive deficits and changes in hippocampal protein expression following exposure. Neuropsychopharmacology 2008; 33:1113-26. [PMID: 17581536 DOI: 10.1038/sj.npp.1301475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The current study examined whether adolescent rats are more vulnerable than adult rats to the lasting adverse effects of cannabinoid exposure on brain and behavior. Male Wistar rats were repeatedly exposed to Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Delta(9)-THC, 5 mg/kg i.p.) in a place-conditioning paradigm during either the adolescent (post-natal day 28+) or adult (post-natal day 60+) developmental stages. Adult rats avoided a Delta(9)-THC-paired environment after either four or eight pairings and this avoidance persisted for at least 16 days following the final Delta(9)-THC injection. In contrast, adolescent rats showed no significant place aversion. Adult Delta(9)-THC-treated rats produced more vocalizations than adolescent rats when handled during the intoxicated state, also suggesting greater drug-induced aversion. After a 10-15 day washout, both adult and adolescent Delta(9)-THC pretreated rats showed decreased social interaction, while only Delta(9)-THC pretreated adolescent rats showed significantly impaired object recognition memory. Seventeen days following their last Delta(9)-THC injection, rats were euthanased and hippocampal tissue processed using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis proteomics. There was no evidence of residual Delta(9)-THC being present in blood at this time. Proteomic analysis uncovered 27 proteins, many involved in regulating oxidative stress/mitochondrial functioning and cytoarchitecture, which were differentially expressed in adolescent Delta(9)-THC pretreated rats relative to adolescent controls. In adults, only 10 hippocampal proteins were differentially expressed in Delta(9)-THC compared to vehicle-pretreated controls. Overall these findings suggest that adolescent rats find repeated Delta(9)-THC exposure less aversive than adults, but that cannabinoid exposure causes greater lasting memory deficits and hippocampal alterations in adolescent than adult rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi R Quinn
- School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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35
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Alexander-Kaufman K, Dedova I, Harper C, Matsumoto I. Proteome analysis of the dorsolateral prefrontal region from healthy individuals. Neurochem Int 2007; 51:433-9. [PMID: 17590479 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2007.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2006] [Revised: 03/26/2007] [Accepted: 04/23/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The frontal lobes, particularly the prefrontal region, have been of a great interest to researchers examining human behaviour and the origins of medical conditions involving disturbances in cognitive functions. However, further characterisation of this brain region is necessary to help understand the mechanisms of its disturbance in various disease processes. The work presented here demonstrates the first normative proteomic comparison of the soluble fractions of adjacent grey and white matter of a single brain area with a specific cytoarchitecture, Brodmann area 9 (BA9; part of the dorsolateral prefrontal region). BA9 grey and white matter samples from healthy human brains (i.e. absence of any CNS diseases), were subjected to 2D gel electrophoresis-based proteomics analysis to investigate differential protein expression. The results described herein highlight the importance of correct tissue sampling (i.e. proper separation of grey and white matters) and the necessity for future molecular brain mapping studies. Such studies may provide important information for understanding the molecular basis of the functional differences between grey and white matter and their response to various disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Alexander-Kaufman
- Department of Pathology, The University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
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Alexander-Kaufman K, Harper C, Wilce P, Matsumoto I. Cerebellar Vermis Proteome of Chronic Alcoholic Individuals. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2007; 31:1286-96. [PMID: 17561921 DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2007.00437.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebellar changes are commonly associated with alcoholism and chronic alcohol consumption can produce profound impairments in motor functioning and various aspects of cognition. Although the mechanisms underlying alcohol-induced changes in the cerebellar vermis are poorly understood, observations in the alcoholic vermis are thought to be consequential to common alcohol-related factors, particularly thiamine deficiency. METHODS In the present study, we used a proteomics-based approach to compare protein expression profiles of the cerebellar vermis from human alcoholic individuals (both neurologically uncomplicated and alcoholic individuals complicated with liver cirrhosis) and healthy control brains. This article complements our recent studies performed on alcoholic prefrontal gray and white matter and splenium of the corpus callosum (CC). RESULTS Like the CC study, several liver cirrhosis-specific proteins were identified in the vermis, perhaps indicating the effects of liver dysfunction in this brain region. Among other protein expression changes observed are disturbances in the levels of thiamine-dependent enzymes. A derangement in energy metabolism perhaps related to thiamine deficiency seems to be important in both alcoholic groups, even where there are no clinical or pathological findings of Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that clinically and pathologically uncomplicated alcoholic cases may not in fact be "uncomplicated," as at the proteome level we seem to be isolating the confounding effects of nutritional deficiencies and liver dysfunction and perhaps their role in alcohol-related vermis damage. Together, these results indicate that the alcohol-related pathology of the vermis is more multifactorial than other brain regions examined previously (prefrontal region and CC splenium).
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