1
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Gap-Gaupool B, Glenn SM, Milburn E, Turapov O, Crosatti M, Hincks J, Stewart B, Bacon J, Kendall SL, Voskuil MI, Riabova O, Monakhova N, Green J, Waddell SJ, Makarov VA, Mukamolova GV. Nitric oxide induces the distinct invisibility phenotype of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Commun Biol 2024; 7:1206. [PMID: 39342050 PMCID: PMC11439070 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06912-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024] Open
Abstract
During infection Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) forms physiologically distinct subpopulations that are recalcitrant to treatment and undetectable using standard diagnostics. These difficult to culture or differentially culturable (DC) Mtb are revealed in liquid media, their revival is often stimulated by resuscitation-promoting factors (Rpf) and prevented by Rpf inhibitors. Here, we investigated the role of nitric oxide (NO) in promoting the DC phenotype. Rpf-dependent DC Mtb were detected following infection of interferon-γ-induced macrophages capable of producing NO, but not when inducible NO synthase was inactivated. After exposure of Mtb to a new donor for sustained NO release (named NOD), the majority of viable cells were Rpf-dependent and undetectable on solid media. Gene expression analyses revealed a broad transcriptional response to NOD, including down-regulation of all five rpf genes. The DC phenotype was partially reverted by over-expression of Rpfs which promoted peptidoglycan remodelling. Thus, NO plays a central role in the generation of Rpf-dependent Mtb, with implications for improving tuberculosis diagnostics and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brindha Gap-Gaupool
- Leicester Tuberculosis Research Group, Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Sarah M Glenn
- Leicester Tuberculosis Research Group, Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Emily Milburn
- Leicester Tuberculosis Research Group, Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Obolbek Turapov
- Leicester Tuberculosis Research Group, Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Marialuisa Crosatti
- Leicester Tuberculosis Research Group, Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Jennifer Hincks
- FACS Facility Core Biotechnology Services, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Bradley Stewart
- Leicester Tuberculosis Research Group, Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Joanna Bacon
- Discovery Group, Vaccine Development and Evaluation Centre, UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, SP4 0JG, UK
| | - Sharon L Kendall
- Centre for Endemic, Emerging and Exotic Disease, the Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL9 7TA, UK
| | - Martin I Voskuil
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Olga Riabova
- Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia Monakhova
- Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Jeffrey Green
- School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Simon J Waddell
- Global Health and Infection, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9PX, UK.
| | - Vadim A Makarov
- Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Galina V Mukamolova
- Leicester Tuberculosis Research Group, Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 9HN, UK.
- The National Institute for Health and Care Research Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 9HN, UK.
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2
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Sharma AK, Mal S, Sahu SK, Bagchi S, Majumder D, Chakravorty D, Saha S, Kundu M, Basu J. Mycobacterial peptidyl prolyl isomerase A activates STING-TBK1-IRF3 signaling to promote IFNβ release in macrophages. FEBS J 2024. [PMID: 39288201 DOI: 10.1111/febs.17261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
Peptidyl prolyl isomerases (PPIases) are well-conserved protein-folding enzymes that moonlight as regulators of bacterial virulence. Peptidyl prolyl isomerase A, PPiA (Rv0009) is a secretory protein of Mycobacterium tuberculosis that possesses sequence and structural similarity to eukaryotic cyclophilins. In this study, we validated the interaction of PPiA with stimulator of interferon genes (STING) using both, Escherichia coli-based and mammalian in vitro expression systems. In vitro pull-down assays confirmed that the cytosolic domain of STING interacts with PPiA, and moreover, we found that PPiA could induce dimerization of STING in macrophages. In silico docking analyses suggested that the PXXP (PDP) motif of PPiA is crucial for interaction with STING, and concordantly, mutations in the PDP domain (PPiA MUT-II) abrogated this interaction, as well as the ability of PPiA to facilitate STING dimerization. In agreement with these observations, fluorescence microscopy demonstrated that STING and wild-type PPiA, but not PPiA MUT-II, could colocalize when expressed in HEK293 cells. Highlighting the importance of the PDP domain further, PPiA, but not PPiA MUT-II could activate Tank binding kinase 1 (TBK1)-interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) signaling to promote the release of interferon-beta (IFNβ). PPiA, but not PPiA MUT-II expressed in Mycobacterium smegmatis induced IFNβ release and facilitated bacterial survival in macrophages in a STING-dependent manner. The PPiA-induced release of IFNβ was c-GAS independent. We conclude that PPiA is a previously undescribed mycobacterial regulator of STING-dependent type I interferon production from macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Soumya Mal
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Shreya Bagchi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India
| | | | | | - Sudipto Saha
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Joyoti Basu
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India
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3
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Kil Y, Pichkur EB, Sergeev VR, Zabrodskaya Y, Myasnikov A, Konevega AL, Shtam T, Samygina VR, Rychkov GN. The archaeal highly thermostable GH35 family β-galactosidase DaβGal has a unique seven domain protein fold. FEBS J 2024; 291:3686-3705. [PMID: 38825733 DOI: 10.1111/febs.17166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
The most extensively studied β-d-galactosidases (EC3.2.1.23) belonging to four glycoside hydrolase (GH) families 1, 2, 35, and 42 are widely distributed among Bacteria, Archaea and Eukaryotes. Here, we report a novel GH35 family β-galactosidase from the hyperthermophilic Thermoprotei archaeon Desulfurococcus amylolyticus (DaβGal). Unlike fungal monomeric six-domain β-galactosidases, the DaβGal enzyme is a dimer; it has an extra jelly roll domain D7 and three composite domains (D4, D5, and D6) that are formed by the distantly located polypeptide chain regions. The enzyme possesses a high specificity for β-d-galactopyranosides, and its distinguishing feature is the ability to cleave pNP-β-d-fucopyranoside. DaβGal efficiently catalyzes the hydrolysis of lactose at high temperatures, remains stable and active at 65 °С, and retains activity at 95 °С with a half-life time value equal to 73 min. These properties make archaeal DaβGal a more attractive candidate for biotechnology than the widely used fungal β-galactosidases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yury Kil
- Department of Molecular and Radiation Biophysics, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute named by B.P.Konstantinov of National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Gatchina, Russia
| | - Evgeny B Pichkur
- Department of Molecular and Radiation Biophysics, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute named by B.P.Konstantinov of National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Gatchina, Russia
- Structural Biology Department, Kurchatov Complex of NBICS Nature-Like Technologies, National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of X-ray Analysis and Synchrotron Radiation, Federal Scientific Research Center "Crystallography and Photonics" of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir R Sergeev
- Department of Molecular and Radiation Biophysics, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute named by B.P.Konstantinov of National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Gatchina, Russia
- Institute of Biomedical Systems and Biotechnology, Peter the Great Saint-Petersburg Polytechnic University, Russia
| | - Yana Zabrodskaya
- Institute of Biomedical Systems and Biotechnology, Peter the Great Saint-Petersburg Polytechnic University, Russia
- Department of Molecular Biology of Viruses, Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexander Myasnikov
- Department of Molecular and Radiation Biophysics, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute named by B.P.Konstantinov of National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Gatchina, Russia
| | - Andrey L Konevega
- Department of Molecular and Radiation Biophysics, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute named by B.P.Konstantinov of National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Gatchina, Russia
- Structural Biology Department, Kurchatov Complex of NBICS Nature-Like Technologies, National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Biomedical Systems and Biotechnology, Peter the Great Saint-Petersburg Polytechnic University, Russia
| | - Tatiana Shtam
- Department of Molecular and Radiation Biophysics, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute named by B.P.Konstantinov of National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Gatchina, Russia
- Structural Biology Department, Kurchatov Complex of NBICS Nature-Like Technologies, National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow, Russia
| | - Valeriya R Samygina
- Structural Biology Department, Kurchatov Complex of NBICS Nature-Like Technologies, National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of X-ray Analysis and Synchrotron Radiation, Federal Scientific Research Center "Crystallography and Photonics" of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Georgy N Rychkov
- Department of Molecular and Radiation Biophysics, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute named by B.P.Konstantinov of National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Gatchina, Russia
- Institute of Biomedical Systems and Biotechnology, Peter the Great Saint-Petersburg Polytechnic University, Russia
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4
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Tang L, Sabi MM, Fu M, Guan J, Wang Y, Xia T, Zheng K, Qu H, Han B. Host cell manipulation by microsporidia secreted effectors: Insights into intracellular pathogenesis. J Eukaryot Microbiol 2024:e13029. [PMID: 39030770 DOI: 10.1111/jeu.13029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
Microsporidia are prolific producers of effector molecules, encompassing both proteins and nonproteinaceous effectors, such as toxins, small RNAs, and small peptides. These secreted effectors play a pivotal role in the pathogenicity of microsporidia, enabling them to subvert the host's innate immunity and co-opt metabolic pathways to fuel their own growth and proliferation. However, the genomes of microsporidia, despite falling within the size range of bacteria, exhibit significant reductions in both structural and physiological features, thereby affecting the repertoire of secretory effectors to varying extents. This review focuses on recent advances in understanding how microsporidia modulate host cells through the secretion of effectors, highlighting current challenges and proposed solutions in deciphering the complexities of microsporidial secretory effectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Tang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Musa Makongoro Sabi
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Ming Fu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Jingyu Guan
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Yongliang Wang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Tian Xia
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Kai Zheng
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Hongnan Qu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Shandong University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Bing Han
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Shandong University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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5
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Veerapandian R, Gadad SS, Jagannath C, Dhandayuthapani S. Live Attenuated Vaccines against Tuberculosis: Targeting the Disruption of Genes Encoding the Secretory Proteins of Mycobacteria. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:530. [PMID: 38793781 PMCID: PMC11126151 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12050530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), a chronic infectious disease affecting humans, causes over 1.3 million deaths per year throughout the world. The current preventive vaccine BCG provides protection against childhood TB, but it fails to protect against pulmonary TB. Multiple candidates have been evaluated to either replace or boost the efficacy of the BCG vaccine, including subunit protein, DNA, virus vector-based vaccines, etc., most of which provide only short-term immunity. Several live attenuated vaccines derived from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and BCG have also been developed to induce long-term immunity. Since Mtb mediates its virulence through multiple secreted proteins, these proteins have been targeted to produce attenuated but immunogenic vaccines. In this review, we discuss the characteristics and prospects of live attenuated vaccines generated by targeting the disruption of the genes encoding secretory mycobacterial proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja Veerapandian
- Center of Emphasis in Infectious Diseases, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
| | - Shrikanth S. Gadad
- Center of Emphasis in Cancer, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
| | - Chinnaswamy Jagannath
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute & Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Subramanian Dhandayuthapani
- Center of Emphasis in Infectious Diseases, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
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6
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Jaisinghani N, Previti ML, Andrade J, Askenazi M, Ueberheide B, Seeliger JC. Proteomics from compartment-specific APEX2 labeling in Mycobacterium tuberculosis reveals Type VII secretion substrates in the cell wall. Cell Chem Biol 2024; 31:523-533.e4. [PMID: 37967559 PMCID: PMC11106752 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2023.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
The cell wall of mycobacteria plays a key role in interactions with the environment. Its ability to act as a selective filter is crucial to bacterial survival. Proteins in the cell wall enable this function by mediating the import and export of diverse metabolites, from ions to lipids to proteins. Identifying cell wall proteins is an important step in assigning function, especially as many mycobacterial proteins lack functionally characterized homologues. Current methods for protein localization have inherent limitations that reduce accuracy. Here we showed that although chemical labeling of live cells did not exclusively label surface proteins, protein tagging by the engineered peroxidase APEX2 within live Mycobacterium tuberculosis accurately identified the cytosolic and cell wall proteomes. Our data indicate that substrates of the virulence-associated Type VII ESX secretion system are exposed to the periplasm, providing insight into the currently unknown mechanism by which these proteins cross the mycobacterial cell envelope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neetika Jaisinghani
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Mary L Previti
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Joshua Andrade
- Proteomics Laboratory, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | | | - Beatrix Ueberheide
- Proteomics Laboratory, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Jessica C Seeliger
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
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7
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Zheng J, Dong C, Xiong S. Mycobacterial Rv1804c binds to the PEST domain of IκBα and activates macrophage-mediated proinflammatory responses. iScience 2024; 27:109101. [PMID: 38384838 PMCID: PMC10879709 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Recognition of the components of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) by macrophages is vital for initiating a cascade of host immune responses. However, the recognition of Mtb-secretory proteins by the receptor-independent pathways of the host remains unclear. Rv1804c is a highly conserved secretory protein in Mtb. However, its exact function and underlying mechanism in Mtb infection remain poorly understood. In the present study, we observed that Rv1804c activates macrophage-mediated proinflammatory responses in an IKKα-independent manner. Furthermore, we noted that Rv1804c inhibits mycobacterial survival. By elucidating the underlying mechanisms, we observed that Rv1804c activates IκBα by directly interacting with its PEST domain. Moreover, Rv1804c was enriched in attenuated but not in virulent mycobacteria and associated with the disease process of tuberculosis. Our findings provide an alternative pathway via which a mycobacterial secretory protein activates macrophage-mediated proinflammatory responses. Our study findings may shed light on the prevention and treatment of tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjian Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Chunsheng Dong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Sidong Xiong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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8
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Luan X, Fan X, Li G, Li M, Li N, Yan Y, Zhao X, Liu H, Wan K. Exploring the immunogenicity of Rv2201-519: A T-cell epitope-based antigen derived from Mycobacterium tuberculosis AsnB with implications for tuberculosis infection detection and vaccine development. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 129:111542. [PMID: 38342063 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Research dedicated to diagnostic reagents and vaccine development for tuberculosis (TB) is challenging due to the paucity of immunodominant antigens that can predict disease risk and exhibit protective potential. Therefore, it is crucial to identify T-cell epitope-based Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) antigens characterized by specific and prominent recognition by the immune system. In this study, we constructed a T-cell epitope-rich tripeptide-splicing fragment (nucleotide positions 131-194, 334-377, and 579-643) of Rv2201 (also known as the 72 kDa AsnB)from the MTB genome, ultimately yielding the recombinant protein Rv2201-519 in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). Subsequently, we gauged the recombinant protein's ability to detect tuberculosis infection through ELISpot and assessed its immunostimulatory effect on mouse models using flow cytometry and ELISA. Our results indicated that Rv2201-519 possessed promising sensitivity; however, the sensitivity was lower than that of a commercial diagnostic kit containing ESAT-6, CFP-10, and Rv3615c (80.56 % vs. 94.44 %). The Rv2201-519 group exhibited a propensity for a CD4+ Th1 cell immune response in inoculated BALB/c mice that manifested as higher levels of antigen-specific IgG production (IgG2a/IgG1 > 1). In comparison to Ag85B, Rv2201-519 induced a more robust Th1-type cellular immune response as evidenced by a notable rise in the ratio of IFN-γ/IL-4 and IL-12 cytokine production and increased CD4+ T cell activation with a higher percentage of CD4+IFN-γ+ T cells. Rv2201-519 also induced a higher level of IL-6 compared with Ag85B, a higher percentage of CD8+ T cells specific for Rv2201-519, and a lower percentage of CD8+IL-4+ T cells. Collectively, the current evidence suggests that Rv2201-519 could potentially serve as an immunodominant protein for tuberculosis infection screening, laying the groundwork for further evaluation in recombinant Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) and subunit vaccines against MTB challenges in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuli Luan
- Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis & Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing 101100, China; National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xueting Fan
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Guilian Li
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Mchao Li
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Na Li
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yuhan Yan
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xiuqin Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Haican Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Kanglin Wan
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China.
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9
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Malakar B, Chauhan K, Sanyal P, Naz S, Kalam H, Vivek-Ananth RP, Singh LV, Samal A, Kumar D, Nandicoori VK. Phosphorylation of CFP10 modulates Mycobacterium tuberculosis virulence. mBio 2023; 14:e0123223. [PMID: 37791794 PMCID: PMC10653824 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01232-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Secreted virulence factors play a critical role in bacterial pathogenesis. Virulence effectors not only help bacteria to overcome the host immune system but also aid in establishing infection. Mtb, which causes tuberculosis in humans, encodes various virulence effectors. Triggers that modulate the secretion of virulence effectors in Mtb are yet to be fully understood. To gain mechanistic insight into the secretion of virulence effectors, we performed high-throughput proteomic studies. With the help of system-level protein-protein interaction network analysis and empirical validations, we unravelled a link between phosphorylation and secretion. Taking the example of the well-known virulence factor of CFP10, we show that the dynamics of CFP10 phosphorylation strongly influenced bacterial virulence and survival ex vivo and in vivo. This study presents the role of phosphorylation in modulating the secretion of virulence factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basanti Malakar
- National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Komal Chauhan
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Priyadarshini Sanyal
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology Campus, Hyderabad, India
| | - Saba Naz
- National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Haroon Kalam
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - R. P. Vivek-Ananth
- The Institute of Mathematical Sciences (IMSc), Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Chennai, India
| | - Lakshya Veer Singh
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Areejit Samal
- The Institute of Mathematical Sciences (IMSc), Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Chennai, India
| | - Dhiraj Kumar
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Vinay Kumar Nandicoori
- National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology Campus, Hyderabad, India
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10
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Chernova LS, Vishnyakov IE, Börner J, Bogachev MI, Thormann KM, Kayumov AR. The Functionality of IbpA from Acholeplasma laidlawii Is Governed by Dynamic Rearrangement of Its Globular-Fibrillar Quaternary Structure. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15445. [PMID: 37895124 PMCID: PMC10607609 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) represent a first line of stress defense in many bacteria. The primary function of these molecular chaperones involves preventing irreversible protein denaturation and aggregation. In Escherichia coli, fibrillar EcIbpA binds unfolded proteins and keeps them in a folding-competent state. Further, its structural homologue EcIbpB induces the transition of EcIbpA to globules, thereby facilitating the substrate transfer to the HSP70-HSP100 system for refolding. The phytopathogenic Acholeplasma laidlawii possesses only a single sHSP, AlIbpA. Here, we demonstrate non-trivial features of the function and regulation of the chaperone-like activity of AlIbpA according to its interaction with other components of the mycoplasma multi-chaperone network. Our results show that the efficiency of the A. laidlawii multi-chaperone system is driven with the ability of AlIbpA to form both globular and fibrillar structures, thus combining functions of both IbpA and IbpB when transferring the substrate proteins to the HSP70-HSP100 system. In contrast to EcIbpA and EcIbpB, AlIbpA appears as an sHSP, in which the competition between the N- and C-terminal domains regulates the shift of the protein quaternary structure between a fibrillar and globular form, thus representing a molecular mechanism of its functional regulation. While the C-terminus of AlIbpA is responsible for fibrils formation and substrate capture, the N-terminus seems to have a similar function to EcIbpB through facilitating further substrate protein disaggregation using HSP70. Moreover, our results indicate that prior to the final disaggregation process, AlIbpA can directly transfer the substrate to HSP100, thereby representing an alternative mechanism in the HSP interaction network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliya S. Chernova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya 18, 420008 Kazan, Russia;
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky Ave. 4, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia;
- Institute of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (J.B.); (K.M.T.)
| | - Innokentii E. Vishnyakov
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky Ave. 4, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Janek Börner
- Institute of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (J.B.); (K.M.T.)
| | - Mikhail I. Bogachev
- Centre for Digital Telecommunication Technologies, St. Petersburg Electrotechnical University, Professora Popova 5, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Kai M. Thormann
- Institute of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (J.B.); (K.M.T.)
| | - Airat R. Kayumov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya 18, 420008 Kazan, Russia;
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11
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Stylianou E, Pinpathomrat N, Sampson O, Richard A, Korompis M, McShane H. A five-antigen Esx-5a fusion delivered as a prime-boost regimen protects against M.tb challenge. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1263457. [PMID: 37869008 PMCID: PMC10585038 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1263457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of tuberculosis (TB) vaccines has been hindered by the complex nature of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) and the absence of clearly defined immune markers of protection. While Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) is currently the only licensed TB vaccine, its effectiveness diminishes in adulthood. In our previous research, we identified that boosting BCG with an intranasally administered chimpanzee adenovirus expressing the PPE15 antigen of M.tb (ChAdOx1.PPE15) improved its protection. To enhance the vaccine's efficacy, we combined PPE15 with the other three members of the Esx-5a secretion system and Ag85A into a multi-antigen construct (5Ag). Leveraging the mucosal administration safety of ChAdOx1, we targeted the site of M.tb infection to induce localized mucosal responses, while employing modified vaccinia virus (MVA) to boost systemic immune responses. The combination of these antigens resulted in enhanced BCG protection in both the lungs and spleens of vaccinated mice. These findings provide support for advancing ChAdOx1.5Ag and MVA.5Ag to the next stages of vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Stylianou
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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12
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Gracy J, Vallejos-Sanchez K, Cohen-Gonsaud M. SecretoMyc, a web-based database on mycobacteria secreted proteins and structure-based homology identification using bio-informatics tools. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2023; 141:102375. [PMID: 37429152 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2023.102375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
To better understand the interaction between the host and the Mycobacterium tuberculosis pathogen, it is critical to identify its potential secreted proteins. While various experimental methods have been successful in identifying proteins under specific culture conditions, they have not provided a comprehensive characterisation of the secreted proteome. We utilized a combination of bioinformatics servers and in-house software to identify all potentially secreted proteins from six mycobacterial genomes through the three secretion systems: SEC, TAT, and T7SS. The results are presented in a database that can be crossed referenced to selected proteomics and transcriptomics studies (https://secretomyc.cbs.cnrs.fr). In addition, thanks to the recent availability of Alphafold models, we developed a tool in order to identify the structural homologues among the mycobacterial genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Gracy
- Centre de Biologie Structurale, CNRS, INSERM, Université de Montpellier, France
| | - Katherine Vallejos-Sanchez
- Centre de Biologie Structurale, CNRS, INSERM, Université de Montpellier, France; Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Martin Cohen-Gonsaud
- Centre de Biologie Structurale, CNRS, INSERM, Université de Montpellier, France.
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13
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Martin M, deVisch A, Boudehen YM, Barthe P, Gutierrez C, Turapov O, Aydogan T, Heriaud L, Gracy J, Neyrolles O, Mukamolova GV, Letourneur F, Cohen-Gonsaud M. A Mycobacterium tuberculosis Effector Targets Mitochondrion, Controls Energy Metabolism, and Limits Cytochrome c Exit. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0106623. [PMID: 37036353 PMCID: PMC10269737 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01066-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Host metabolism reprogramming is a key feature of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection that enables the survival of this pathogen within phagocytic cells and modulates the immune response facilitating the spread of the tuberculosis disease. Here, we demonstrate that a previously uncharacterized secreted protein from Mtb, Rv1813c, manipulates the host metabolism by targeting mitochondria. When expressed in eukaryotic cells, the protein is delivered to the mitochondrial intermembrane space and promotes the enhancement of host ATP production by boosting the oxidative phosphorylation metabolic pathway. Furthermore, the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria, an early apoptotic event in response to short-term oxidative stress, is delayed in Rv1813c-expressing cells. This study reveals a novel class of mitochondria targeting effectors from Mtb that might participate in host cell metabolic reprogramming and apoptosis control during Mtb infections. IMPORTANCE In this article, using a combination of techniques (bioinformatics, structural biology, and cell biology), we identified and characterized a new class of effectors present only in intracellular mycobacteria. These proteins specifically target host cell mitochondria when ectopically expressed in cells. We showed that one member of this family (Rv1813c) affects mitochondria metabolism in a way that might twist the immune response. This effector also inhibits the cytochrome c exit from mitochondria, suggesting that it might alter normal host cell apoptotic capacities, one of the first defenses of immune cells against Mtb infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Martin
- Laboratory of Pathogen Host Interactions, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Angelique deVisch
- Centre de Biochimie Structurale, CNRS, INSERM, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Yves-Marie Boudehen
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Philippe Barthe
- Centre de Biochimie Structurale, CNRS, INSERM, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Claude Gutierrez
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Obolbek Turapov
- Leicester Tuberculosis Research Group, Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Talip Aydogan
- Laboratory of Pathogen Host Interactions, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Laurène Heriaud
- Centre de Biochimie Structurale, CNRS, INSERM, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jerome Gracy
- Centre de Biochimie Structurale, CNRS, INSERM, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Olivier Neyrolles
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Galina V. Mukamolova
- Leicester Tuberculosis Research Group, Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - François Letourneur
- Laboratory of Pathogen Host Interactions, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Martin Cohen-Gonsaud
- Centre de Biochimie Structurale, CNRS, INSERM, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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14
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Ma G, Luo P, Xu R, Ma R, Qiu L, Xu C, Yang R, Li Y, Zhao Z, Huang L, Yang Y, Wang P. Improving the profile and reliability of cytoplasmic proteins from M. tuberculosis using biomimetic affinity chromatography coupled with LC-MS/MS analysis. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2023; 1225:123756. [PMID: 37236071 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2023.123756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
M. tuberculosis is the most successful intracellular pathogen and remains a major threat to human health. It is crucial to investigate the profile of cytoplasmic proteins from M. tuberculosis for pathogenesis, clinical markers, and protein vaccine development. In this study, six biomimetic affinity chromatography (BiAC) resins with high differences were selected for M. tuberculosis-cytoplasmic protein fractionation. All fractions were identified using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis. A total of 1246 M. tuberculosis proteins were detected (p < 0.05), among which 1092 M. tuberculosis proteins were identified in BiAC fractionations and 714 M. tuberculosis proteins in un-fractionations (Table S1.3.1). The majority of 66.8% (831/1246) identifications were distributed in the range of Mw 7.0-70.0 kDa, pI 3.5-8.0, and Gravy values <0.3. Furthermore, 560 M. tuberculosis proteins were detected in both the BiAC fractionations and un-fractionations. Compared with the un-fractionations, the average number of prot_matches, prot_cover, prot_sequence, and emPAI values of these 560 proteins in the BiAC fractionations were increased by 3.791, 1.420, 1.307, and 1.788 times, respectively. Overall, compared with un-fractionations, the confidence and profile of M. tuberculosis cytoplasmic proteins were improved by BiAC fractionations coupled with LC-MS/MS analysis. The strategy of BiAC fractionation can be used as an effective method for pre-separating protein mixtures in proteomic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guorong Ma
- School of Basic Medical, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, PR China; Ningxia Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Common Infectious Diseases, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, PR China.
| | - Pengzheng Luo
- School of Basic Medical, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, PR China
| | - Ruiqiang Xu
- School of Basic Medical, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, PR China
| | - Rui Ma
- School of Basic Medical, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, PR China; Ningxia Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Common Infectious Diseases, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, PR China
| | - Lei Qiu
- The Fourth People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan 750000, PR China
| | - Chenran Xu
- School of Clinical Medical, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, PR China
| | - Rang Yang
- School of Clinical Medical, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, PR China
| | - Yating Li
- School of Clinical Medical, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, PR China
| | - Zhihao Zhao
- School of Clinical Medical, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, PR China
| | - Ling Huang
- School of Basic Medical, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, PR China
| | - Yanhui Yang
- School of Basic Medical, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, PR China; Ningxia Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Common Infectious Diseases, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, PR China
| | - Pei Wang
- School of Basic Medical, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, PR China.
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15
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Jaisinghani N, Previti ML, Andrade J, Askenazi M, Ueberheide B, Seeliger JC. Cell wall proteomics in live Mycobacterium tuberculosis uncovers exposure of ESX substrates to the periplasm. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.29.534792. [PMID: 37034674 PMCID: PMC10081232 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.29.534792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
The cell wall of mycobacteria plays a key role in interactions with the environment and its ability to act as a selective filter is crucial to bacterial survival. Proteins in the cell wall enable this function by mediating the import and export of diverse metabolites from ions to lipids to proteins. Accurately identifying cell wall proteins is an important step in assigning function, especially as many mycobacterial proteins lack functionally characterized homologues. Current methods for protein localization have inherent limitations that reduce accuracy. Here we showed that protein tagging by the engineered peroxidase APEX2 within live Mycobacterium tuberculosis enabled the accurate identification of the cytosolic and cell wall proteomes. Our data indicate that substrates of the virulence-associated Type VII ESX secretion system are exposed to the Mtb periplasm, providing insight into the currently unknown mechanism by which these proteins cross the mycobacterial cell envelope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neetika Jaisinghani
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Mary L Previti
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Joshua Andrade
- Proteomics Laboratory, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Beatrix Ueberheide
- Proteomics Laboratory, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jessica C Seeliger
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
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16
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Kumari K, Sharma PK, Singh RP. Unraveling the Virulence Factors and Secreted Proteins of an Environmental Isolate Enterobacter sp. S-16. Curr Microbiol 2023; 80:88. [PMID: 36719538 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-023-03197-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Members of the Enterobacter genus include many pathogenic microbes of humans and plants, secrete proteins that contribute to the interactions of bacteria and their environment. Therefore, understanding of secreted proteins is vital to understand bacterial physiology and behavior. Here, we explored the secretome of an environmental isolate Enterobacter sp. S-16 by nanoLC-MS/MS and identified 572 proteins in the culture supernatant. Gene ontology (GO) analysis indicated that proteins were related to biological processes, molecular as well as cellular functions. The majority of the identified proteins are involved in microbial metabolism, chemotaxis & motility, flagellar hook-associated proteins, biosynthesis of antibiotics, and molecular chaperones to assist the protein folding. Bioinformatics analysis of the secretome revealed the presence of type I and type VI secretion system proteins. Presence of these diverse secretion system proteins in Enterobacter sp. S-16 are likely to be involved in the transport of various proteins including nutrient acquisition, adhesion, colonization, and homeostasis maintenance. Among the secreted bacterial proteins with industrial importance, lignocellulolytic enzymes play a major role, therefore, we analyzed our secretome results for any presence of glycoside hydrolases (GHs) and other hydrolytic enzymes (CAZymes). Overall, the secreted proteins may be considered an attractive reservoir of potential antigens for drug development, diagnostic markers, and other biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Kumari
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, BIT Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 835215, India
| | - Parva Kumar Sharma
- Department of Plant Sciences and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Rajnish Prakash Singh
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, BIT Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 835215, India.
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17
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Singh S, Maurya SK, Aqdas M, Bashir H, Arora A, Bhalla V, Agrewala JN. Mycobacterium tuberculosis exploits MPT64 to generate myeloid-derived suppressor cells to evade the immune system. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:567. [DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04596-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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18
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Chen H, Li S, Zhao W, Deng J, Yan Z, Zhang T, Wen SA, Guo H, Li L, Yuan J, Zhang H, Ma L, Zheng J, Gao M, Pang Y. A Peptidomic Approach to Identify Novel Antigen Biomarkers for the Diagnosis of Tuberculosis. Infect Drug Resist 2022; 15:4617-4626. [PMID: 36003990 PMCID: PMC9394730 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s373652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Here, we conducted a peptidomic study in murine model to identify novel antigen biomarkers for the diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) with improved performance. Methods Four recombinant proteins, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis protein 32 (MPT32), Mycobacterium tuberculosis protein 64 (MPT64), culture filtrate protein 10 (CFP10), and phosphate ABC transporter substrate-binding lipoprotein (PstS1) were expressed and intravenously injected into BALB/c mice. The serum were analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The concentrations of candidate peptides in serum of suspected TB patients were determined using competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results A total of 65 peptides from 4 MTB precursor recombinant proteins were identified in mouse serum by LC-MS/MS, of which 5 peptides were selected as candidates for serological analysis. The concentrations of peptides MPT64-2, CFP10-2 and PstS1-2 in TB patients were significantly higher than those in non-TB patients. MPT64-2 exhibited the most promising sensitivity (81.4%), followed by PstS1-2 and CFP10-2. In addition, PstS1-2 had the highest specificity (93.3%), followed by CFP10-2 and MPT64-2. According to the area under the curve (AUC), MPT64-2 (AUC = 0.863), PstS1-2 (AUC = 0.812) and CFP10-2 (AUC = 0.809) exhibited better diagnostic validity. Conclusion We develop an effective approach to identify new antigen biomarkers via LC-MS/MS-based peptidomics. Multiple peptides exhibit promising efficacy in diagnosis of active TB patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Chen
- Department of Tuberculosis, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis & Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis & Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Weijie Zhao
- Clinical Trial Agency Office, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis & Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaheng Deng
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, and Center for Tuberculosis Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuohong Yan
- Department of Central Laboratory, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis & Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis & Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu' An Wen
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis & Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiping Guo
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis & Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Li
- Electral Safety Research & Development Center, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianfeng Yuan
- Electral Safety Research & Development Center, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongtao Zhang
- Department of Central Laboratory, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis & Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Liping Ma
- Department of Tuberculosis, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis & Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhua Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, and Center for Tuberculosis Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengqiu Gao
- Department of Tuberculosis, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis & Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Pang
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis & Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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19
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Zheng W, LaCourse SM, Song B, Singh DK, Khanna M, Olivo J, Stern J, Escudero JN, Vergara C, Zhang F, Li S, Wang S, Cranmer LM, Huang Z, Bojanowski CM, Bao D, Njuguna I, Xiao Y, Wamalwa DC, Nguyen DT, Yang L, Maleche-Obimbo E, Nguyen N, Zhang L, Phan H, Fan J, Ning B, Li C, Lyon CJ, Graviss EA, John-Stewart G, Mitchell CD, Ramsay AJ, Kaushal D, Liang R, Pérez-Then E, Hu TY. Diagnosis of paediatric tuberculosis by optically detecting two virulence factors on extracellular vesicles in blood samples. Nat Biomed Eng 2022; 6:979-991. [PMID: 35986185 PMCID: PMC9391224 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-022-00922-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Sensitive and specific blood-based assays for the detection of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis would reduce mortality associated with missed diagnoses, particularly in children. Here we report a nanoparticle-enhanced immunoassay read by dark-field microscopy that detects two Mycobacterium tuberculosis virulence factors (the glycolipid lipoarabinomannan and its carrier protein) on the surface of circulating extracellular vesicles. In a cohort study of 147 hospitalized and severely immunosuppressed children living with HIV, the assay detected 58 of the 78 (74%) cases of paediatric tuberculosis, 48 of the 66 (73%) cases that were missed by microbiological assays, and 8 out of 10 (80%) cases undiagnosed during the study. It also distinguished tuberculosis from latent-tuberculosis infections in non-human primates. We adapted the assay to make it portable and operable by a smartphone. With further development, the assay may facilitate the detection of tuberculosis at the point of care, particularly in resource-limited settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenshu Zheng
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Diagnostics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Sylvia M LaCourse
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Bofan Song
- James C. Wyant College of Optical Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Dhiraj Kumar Singh
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Mayank Khanna
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Juan Olivo
- O&M Medical School (O&Med), Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
| | - Joshua Stern
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jaclyn N Escudero
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Carlos Vergara
- O&M Medical School (O&Med), Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
| | - Fangfang Zhang
- Virginia G. Piper Biodesign Center for Personalized Diagnostics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Shaobai Li
- James C. Wyant College of Optical Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Shu Wang
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Diagnostics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Lisa M Cranmer
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Zhen Huang
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Diagnostics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Christine M Bojanowski
- Section of Pulmonary Diseases, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Duran Bao
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Diagnostics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Irene Njuguna
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Kenyatta National Hospital, Research and Programs, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Yating Xiao
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Diagnostics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Dalton C Wamalwa
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Duc T Nguyen
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Li Yang
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Diagnostics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Maleche-Obimbo
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Lili Zhang
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Diagnostics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Ha Phan
- Center for Promotion of Advancement of Society (CPAS), Ha Noi, Vietnam
- Vietnam National Tuberculosis Program/University of California San Francisco Research Collaboration, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Jia Fan
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Diagnostics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Bo Ning
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Diagnostics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Chenzhong Li
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Diagnostics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Christopher J Lyon
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Diagnostics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Edward A Graviss
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Surgery, J.C. Walter, Jr. Transplant Center, Sherrie and Alan Conover Center for Liver Disease and Transplantation, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Grace John-Stewart
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Charles D Mitchell
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Batchelor Children's Research Institute, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Alistair J Ramsay
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Deepak Kaushal
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Rongguang Liang
- James C. Wyant College of Optical Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Eddy Pérez-Then
- O&M Medical School (O&Med), Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
| | - Tony Y Hu
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Diagnostics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.
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20
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Lagutkin D, Panova A, Vinokurov A, Gracheva A, Samoilova A, Vasilyeva I. Genome-Wide Study of Drug Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Its Intra-Host Evolution during Treatment. Microorganisms 2022; 10:1440. [PMID: 35889159 PMCID: PMC9318467 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10071440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) strains has become a global public health problem, while, at the same time, there has been development of new antimicrobial agents. The main goals of this study were to determine new variants associated with drug resistance in MTB and to observe which polymorphisms emerge in MTB genomes after anti-tuberculosis treatment. We performed whole-genome sequencing of 152 MTB isolates including 70 isolates as 32 series of pre- and post-treatment MTB. Based on genotypes and phenotypic drug susceptibility, we conducted phylogenetic convergence-based genome-wide association study (GWAS) with streptomycin-, isoniazid-, rifampicin-, ethambutol-, fluoroquinolones-, and aminoglycosides-resistant MTB against susceptible ones. GWAS revealed statistically significant associations of SNPs within Rv2820c, cyp123 and indels in Rv1269c, Rv1907c, Rv1883c, Rv2407, Rv3785 genes with resistant MTB phenotypes. Comparisons of serial isolates showed that treatment induced different patterns of intra-host evolution. We found indels within Rv1435c and ppsA that were not lineage-specific. In addition, Beijing-specific polymorphisms within Rv0036c, Rv0678, Rv3433c, and dop genes were detected in post-treatment isolates. The appearance of Rv3785 frameshift insertion in 2 post-treatment strains compared to pre-treatment was also observed. We propose that the insertion within Rv3785, which was a GWAS hit, might affect cell wall biosynthesis and probably mediates a compensatory mechanism in response to treatment. These results may shed light on the mechanisms of MTB adaptation to chemotherapy and drug resistance formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Lagutkin
- National Medical Research Center of Phthisiopulmonology and Infectious Diseases under the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 127994 Moscow, Russia; (A.P.); (A.V.); (A.G.); (A.S.); (I.V.)
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21
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Bar-Oz M, Meir M, Barkan D. Virulence-Associated Secretion in Mycobacterium abscessus. Front Immunol 2022; 13:938895. [PMID: 35880173 PMCID: PMC9308005 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.938895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are a heterogeneous group of originally environmental organi3sms, increasingly recognized as pathogens with rising prevalence worldwide. Knowledge of NTM’s mechanisms of virulence is lacking, as molecular research of these bacteria is challenging, sometimes more than that of M. tuberculosis (Mtb), and far less resources are allocated to their investigation. While some of the virulence mechanisms are common to several mycobacteria including Mtb, others NTM species-specific. Among NTMs, Mycobacterium abscessus (Mabs) causes some of the most severe and difficult to treat infections, especially chronic pulmonary infections. Mabs survives and proliferates intracellularly by circumventing host defenses, using multiple mechanisms, many of which remain poorly characterized. Some of these immune-evasion mechanisms are also found in Mtb, including phagosome pore formation, inhibition of phagosome maturation, cytokine response interference and apoptosis delay. While much is known of the role of Mtb-secreted effector molecules in mediating the manipulation of the host response, far less is known of the secreted effector molecules in Mabs. In this review, we briefly summarize the knowledge of secreted effectors in Mtb (such as ESX secretion, SecA2, TAT and others), and draw the parallel pathways in Mabs. We also describe pathways that are unique to Mabs, differentiating it from Mtb. This review will assist researchers interested in virulence-associated secretion in Mabs by providing the knowledge base and framework for their studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Bar-Oz
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Michal Meir
- The Ruth Rappaport Children’s Hospital, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Daniel Barkan
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
- *Correspondence: Daniel Barkan,
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22
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Cronin RM, Ferrell MJ, Cahir CW, Champion MM, Champion PA. Proteo-genetic analysis reveals clear hierarchy of ESX-1 secretion in Mycobacterium marinum. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2123100119. [PMID: 35671426 PMCID: PMC9214503 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2123100119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The ESX-1 (ESAT-6-system-1) system and the protein substrates it transports are essential for mycobacterial pathogenesis. The precise ways that ESX-1 substrates contribute to virulence remains unknown. Several known ESX-1 substrates are also required for the secretion of other proteins. We used a proteo-genetic approach to construct high-resolution dependency relationships for the roles of individual ESX-1 substrates in secretion and virulence in Mycobacterium marinum, a pathogen of humans and animals. Characterizing a collection of M. marinum strains with in-frame deletions in each of the known ESX-1 substrate genes and the corresponding complementation strains, we demonstrate that ESX-1 substrates are differentially required for ESX-1 activity and for virulence. Using isobaric-tagged proteomics, we quantified the degree of requirement of each substrate on protein secretion. We conclusively defined distinct contributions of ESX-1 substrates in protein secretion. Our data reveal a hierarchy of ESX-1 substrate secretion, which supports a model for the composition of the extracytoplasmic ESX-1 secretory machinery. Overall, our proteo-genetic analysis demonstrates discrete roles for ESX-1 substrates in ESX-1 function and secretion in M. marinum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M. Cronin
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556
| | - Micah J. Ferrell
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556
| | - Clare W. Cahir
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556
| | - Matthew M. Champion
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556
| | - Patricia A. Champion
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556
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23
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Characterization of the Protective Immune Responses Conferred by Recombinant BCG Overexpressing Components of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Sec Protein Export System. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10060945. [PMID: 35746553 PMCID: PMC9229301 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10060945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is the only approved vaccine against tuberculosis (TB). However, its efficacy in preventing pulmonary TB in adults is limited. Despite its variable efficacy, BCG offers a number of unique and beneficial characteristics, which make it suitable as a vaccine vehicle to express recombinant molecules. In Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the general Sec pathway is an essential cellular process, and it is responsible for exporting the majority of proteins across the cytoplasmic membrane, including potent immune-protective antigens, such as members of the antigen 85 (Ag85) complex. We engineered BCG to overexpress the M. tuberculosis SecDFG proteins in order to improve the efficiency of the Sec-dependent export system and, thus, enhance the secretion of immunogenic proteins. BCGSecDFG displayed increased intracellular survival within macrophages in vitro and greater persistence in the lymphoid organs of vaccinated mice than parental BCG. In addition, vaccination with BCGSecDFG generated higher numbers of IFN-γ-secreting T cells in response to secreted mycobacterial antigens compared to BCG, particularly members of the Ag85 complex. Furthermore, vaccination with BCGSecDFG significantly reduced the bacterial load in the lungs and spleens of M. tuberculosis-infected mice, which was comparable to the protection afforded by parental BCG. Therefore, the modification of protein secretion in BCG can improve antigen-specific immunogenicity.
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24
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Ahmad F, Rani A, Alam A, Zarin S, Pandey S, Singh H, Hasnain SE, Ehtesham NZ. Macrophage: A Cell With Many Faces and Functions in Tuberculosis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:747799. [PMID: 35603185 PMCID: PMC9122124 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.747799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is the causative agent of human tuberculosis (TB) which primarily infects the macrophages. Nearly a quarter of the world's population is infected latently by Mtb. Only around 5%-10% of those infected develop active TB disease, particularly during suppressed host immune conditions or comorbidity such as HIV, hinting toward the heterogeneity of Mtb infection. The aerosolized Mtb first reaches the lungs, and the resident alveolar macrophages (AMs) are among the first cells to encounter the Mtb infection. Evidence suggests that early clearance of Mtb infection is associated with robust innate immune responses in resident macrophages. In addition to lung-resident macrophage subsets, the recruited monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) have been suggested to have a protective role during Mtb infection. Mtb, by virtue of its unique cell surface lipids and secreted protein effectors, can evade killing by the innate immune cells and preferentially establish a niche within the AMs. Continuous efforts to delineate the determinants of host defense mechanisms have brought to the center stage the crucial role of macrophage phenotypical variations for functional adaptations in TB. The morphological and functional heterogeneity and plasticity of the macrophages aid in confining the dissemination of Mtb. However, during a suppressed or hyperactivated immune state, the Mtb virulence factors can affect macrophage homeostasis which may skew to favor pathogen growth, causing active TB. This mini-review is aimed at summarizing the interplay of Mtb pathomechanisms in the macrophages and the implications of macrophage heterogeneity and plasticity during Mtb infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faraz Ahmad
- Laboratory of Infection Biology and Cell Signaling, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-National Institute of Pathology, New Delhi, India
| | - Anshu Rani
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi (IIT-D), New Delhi, India
| | - Anwar Alam
- Laboratory of Infection Biology and Cell Signaling, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-National Institute of Pathology, New Delhi, India
| | - Sheeba Zarin
- Laboratory of Infection Biology and Cell Signaling, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-National Institute of Pathology, New Delhi, India
| | - Saurabh Pandey
- Department of Biochemistry, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Hina Singh
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi (IIT-D), New Delhi, India
| | - Seyed Ehtesham Hasnain
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi (IIT-D), New Delhi, India
- Department of Life Science, School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, India
| | - Nasreen Zafar Ehtesham
- Laboratory of Infection Biology and Cell Signaling, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-National Institute of Pathology, New Delhi, India
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25
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Zhang L, Kent JE, Whitaker M, Young DC, Herrmann D, Aleshin AE, Ko YH, Cingolani G, Saad JS, Moody DB, Marassi FM, Ehrt S, Niederweis M. A periplasmic cinched protein is required for siderophore secretion and virulence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2255. [PMID: 35474308 PMCID: PMC9042941 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29873-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron is essential for growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis. To acquire iron from the host, M. tuberculosis uses the siderophores called mycobactins and carboxymycobactins. Here, we show that the rv0455c gene is essential for M. tuberculosis to grow in low-iron medium and that secretion of both mycobactins and carboxymycobactins is drastically reduced in the rv0455c deletion mutant. Both water-soluble and membrane-anchored Rv0455c are functional in siderophore secretion, supporting an intracellular role. Lack of Rv0455c results in siderophore toxicity, a phenotype observed for other siderophore secretion mutants, and severely impairs replication of M. tuberculosis in mice, demonstrating the importance of Rv0455c and siderophore secretion during disease. The crystal structure of a Rv0455c homolog reveals a novel protein fold consisting of a helical bundle with a 'cinch' formed by an essential intramolecular disulfide bond. These findings advance our understanding of the distinct M. tuberculosis siderophore secretion system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - James E Kent
- Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Meredith Whitaker
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - David C Young
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Dominik Herrmann
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Alexander E Aleshin
- Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Ying-Hui Ko
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Gino Cingolani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Jamil S Saad
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - D Branch Moody
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Francesca M Marassi
- Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Sabine Ehrt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Michael Niederweis
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
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26
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Dai W, Li J, Li Q, Cai J, Su J, Stubenrauch C, Wang J. PncsHub: a platform for annotating and analyzing non-classically secreted proteins in Gram-positive bacteria. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:D848-D857. [PMID: 34551435 PMCID: PMC8728121 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
From industry to food to health, bacteria play an important role in all facets of life. Some of the most important bacteria have been purposely engineered to produce commercial quantities of antibiotics and therapeutics, and non-classical secretion systems are at the forefront of these technologies. Unlike the classical Sec or Tat pathways, non-classically secreted proteins share few common characteristics and use much more diverse secretion pathways for protein transport. Systematically categorizing and investigating the non-classically secreted proteins will enable a deeper understanding of their associated secretion mechanisms and provide a landscape of the Gram-positive secretion pathway distribution. We therefore developed PncsHub (https://pncshub.erc.monash.edu/), the first universal platform for comprehensively annotating and analyzing Gram-positive bacterial non-classically secreted proteins. PncsHub catalogs 4,914 non-classically secreted proteins, which are delicately categorized into 8 subtypes (including the 'unknown' subtype) and annotated with data compiled from up to 26 resources and visualisation tools. It incorporates state-of-the-art predictors to identify new and homologous non-classically secreted proteins and includes three analytical modules to visualise the relationships between known and putative non-classically secreted proteins. As such, PncsHub aims to provide integrated services for investigating, predicting and identifying non-classically secreted proteins to promote hypothesis-driven laboratory-based experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Dai
- School of Computer Science and Information Security, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China
- Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, VIC 3800, Australia
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325011, China
| | - Jiahui Li
- School of Computer Science and Information Security, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Qi Li
- School of Computer Science and Information Security, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Jiasheng Cai
- School of Computer Science and Information Security, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Jianzhong Su
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325011, China
- School of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Christopher Stubenrauch
- Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, VIC 3800, Australia
- Centre to Impact AMR, Monash University, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Jiawei Wang
- Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, VIC 3800, Australia
- Centre to Impact AMR, Monash University, VIC 3800, Australia
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27
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Brown RE, Hunter RL. Early Lesion of Post-Primary Tuberculosis: Subclinical Driver of Disease and Target for Vaccines and Host-Directed Therapies. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10121572. [PMID: 34959527 PMCID: PMC8708170 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10121572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The characteristic lesion of primary tuberculosis is the granuloma as is widely studied in human tissues and animal models. Post-primary tuberculosis is different. It develops only in human lungs and begins as a prolonged subclinical obstructive lobular pneumonia that slowly accumulates mycobacterial antigens and host lipids in alveolar macrophages with nearby highly sensitized T cells. After several months, the lesions undergo necrosis to produce a mass of caseous pneumonia large enough to fragment and be coughed out to produce a cavity or be retained as the focus of a post-primary granuloma. Bacteria grow massively on the cavity wall where they can be coughed out to infect new people. Here we extend these findings with the demonstration of secreted mycobacterial antigens, but not acid fast bacilli (AFB) of M. tuberculosis in the cytoplasm of ciliated bronchiolar epithelium and alveolar pneumocytes in association with elements of the programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1), cyclo-oxygenase (COX)-2, and fatty acid synthase (FAS) pathways in the early lesion. This suggests that M. tuberculosis uses its secreted antigens to coordinate prolonged subclinical development of the early lesions in preparation for a necrotizing reaction sufficient to produce a cavity, post-primary granulomas, and fibrocaseous disease.
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28
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Assal N, Rennie B, Walrond L, Cyr T, Rohonczy L, Lin M. Proteome characterization of the culture supernatant of Mycobacterium bovis in different growth stages. Biochem Biophys Rep 2021; 28:101154. [PMID: 34746449 PMCID: PMC8554454 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2021.101154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to identify proteins secreted by Mycobacterium bovis into culture medium at different stages of bacterial growth. A field strain of M. bovis was grown in Middlebrook 7H9 media and culture supernatant was collected at three-time points representing three different phases of growth (early exponential, late exponential, and stationary phases). Supernatants were double filtered, digested by trypsin and analyzed by LC-MS/MS. The study found 15, 21, and 16 proteins in early, mid and late growth phases, respectively. In total, 22 proteins were identified, 18 of which were reported or predicted to have a cell wall or extracellular localization. To our knowledge, this is the first study to identify proteins secreted into the culture medium by a field strain of M. bovis in three different stages of growth. The dataset generated here provides candidate proteins with the potential for the development of serological diagnostic reagents or vaccine for bovine tuberculosis. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD017817. Identifying extracellular proteins produced by M. bovis using mass spectrometry. Culture supernatant proteins secreted in three different stages of bacterial growth. Proteins were secreted from live bacteria and heat-killing was omitted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Assal
- Ottawa Laboratory Fallowfield, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Bryan Rennie
- Ottawa Laboratory Fallowfield, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Lisa Walrond
- Centre for Vaccine Evaluation, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Terry Cyr
- Centre for Vaccine Evaluation, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Liz Rohonczy
- Ottawa Laboratory Fallowfield, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Min Lin
- Ottawa Laboratory Fallowfield, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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29
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Choi S, Choi HG, Back YW, Park HS, Lee KI, Gurmessa SK, Pham TA, Kim HJ. A Dendritic Cell-Activating Rv1876 Protein Elicits Mycobacterium Bovis BCG-Prime Effect via Th1-Immune Response. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1306. [PMID: 34572519 PMCID: PMC8465531 DOI: 10.3390/biom11091306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The widely administered tuberculosis (TB) vaccine, Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG), is the only licensed vaccine, but has highly variable efficiency against childhood and pulmonary TB. Therefore, the BCG prime-boost strategy is a rational solution for the development of new TB vaccines. Studies have shown that Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) culture filtrates contain proteins that have promising vaccine potential. In this study, Rv1876 bacterioferritin was identified from the culture filtrate fraction with strong immunoreactivity. Its immunobiological potential has not been reported previously. We found that recombinant Rv1876 protein induced dendritic cells' (DCs) maturation by MAPK and NF-κB signaling activation, induced a T helper type 1 cell-immune response, and expanded the population of the effector/memory T cell. Boosting BCG with Rv1876 protein enhanced the BCG-primed Th1 immune response and reduced the bacterial load in the lung compared to those of BCG alone. Thus, Rv1876 is a good target for the prime-boost strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seunga Choi
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea; (S.C.); (H.-G.C.); (Y.W.B.); (H.-S.P.); (K.-I.L.); (S.K.G.); (T.A.P.)
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Han-Gyu Choi
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea; (S.C.); (H.-G.C.); (Y.W.B.); (H.-S.P.); (K.-I.L.); (S.K.G.); (T.A.P.)
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Yong Woo Back
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea; (S.C.); (H.-G.C.); (Y.W.B.); (H.-S.P.); (K.-I.L.); (S.K.G.); (T.A.P.)
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Hye-Soo Park
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea; (S.C.); (H.-G.C.); (Y.W.B.); (H.-S.P.); (K.-I.L.); (S.K.G.); (T.A.P.)
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Kang-In Lee
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea; (S.C.); (H.-G.C.); (Y.W.B.); (H.-S.P.); (K.-I.L.); (S.K.G.); (T.A.P.)
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Sintayehu Kebede Gurmessa
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea; (S.C.); (H.-G.C.); (Y.W.B.); (H.-S.P.); (K.-I.L.); (S.K.G.); (T.A.P.)
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Thuy An Pham
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea; (S.C.); (H.-G.C.); (Y.W.B.); (H.-S.P.); (K.-I.L.); (S.K.G.); (T.A.P.)
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Hwa-Jung Kim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea; (S.C.); (H.-G.C.); (Y.W.B.); (H.-S.P.); (K.-I.L.); (S.K.G.); (T.A.P.)
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea
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30
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Cai X, Liu L, Qiu C, Wen C, He Y, Cui Y, Li S, Zhang X, Zhang L, Tian C, Bi L, Zhou ZH, Gong W. Identification and architecture of a putative secretion tube across mycobacterial outer envelope. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/34/eabg5656. [PMID: 34417177 PMCID: PMC8378821 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abg5656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis-causing mycobacteria have thick cell-wall and capsule layers that are formed from complex structures. Protein secretion across these barriers depends on a specialized protein secretion system, but none has been reported. We show that Mycobacterium tuberculosis Rv3705c and its homologous MSMEG_6251 in Mycobacterium smegmatis are tube-forming proteins in the mycobacterial envelope (TiME). Crystallographic and cryo-EM structures of these two proteins show that both proteins form rotationally symmetric rings. Two layers of TiME rings pack together in a tail-to-tail manner into a ring-shaped complex, which, in turn, stacks together to form tubes. M. smegmatis TiME was detected mainly in the cell wall and capsule. Knocking out the TiME gene markedly decreased the amount of secreted protein in the M. smegmatis culture medium, and expression of this gene in knocked-out strain partially restored the level of secreted protein. Our structure and functional data thus suggest that TiME forms a protein transport tube across the mycobacterial outer envelope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Cai
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Chunhong Qiu
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Chongzheng Wen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yao He
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yanxiang Cui
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Siyu Li
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Institute of Health Science, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Longhua Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Changlin Tian
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Lijun Bi
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Z Hong Zhou
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Weimin Gong
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
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31
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Li Z, Hu J, Liu P, Cui D, Di H, Wu S. Microarray-based selection of a serum biomarker panel that can discriminate between latent and active pulmonary TB. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14516. [PMID: 34267288 PMCID: PMC8282789 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93893-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial culture of M. tuberculosis (MTB), the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), from clinical specimens is the gold standard for laboratory diagnosis of TB, but is slow and culture-negative TB cases are common. Alternative immune-based and molecular approaches have been developed, but cannot discriminate between active TB (ATB) and latent TB (LTBI). Here, to identify biomarkers that can discriminate between ATB and LTBI/healthy individuals (HC), we profiled 116 serum samples (HC, LTBI and ATB) using a protein microarray containing 257 MTB secreted proteins, identifying 23 antibodies against MTB antigens that were present at significantly higher levels in patients with ATB than in those with LTBI and HC (Fold change > 1.2; p < 0.05). A 4-protein biomarker panel (Rv0934, Rv3881c, Rv1860 and Rv1827), optimized using SAM and ROC analysis, had a sensitivity of 67.3% and specificity of 91.2% for distinguishing ATB from LTBI, and 71.2% sensitivity and 96.3% specificity for distinguishing ATB from HC. Validation of the four candidate biomarkers in ELISA assays using 440 serum samples gave consistent results. The promising sensitivity and specificity of this biomarker panel suggest it merits further investigation for its potential as a diagnostic for discriminating between latent and active TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Li
- Hebei Chest Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050041, China
| | - Jianjun Hu
- Hebei Chest Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050041, China
| | | | - Dan Cui
- Hebei Chest Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050041, China
| | - Hongqin Di
- Hebei Chest Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050041, China
| | - Shucai Wu
- Hebei Chest Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050041, China.
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32
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Ma G, Wang P, Yang Y, Wang W, Ma J, Zhou L, Ouyang J, Li R, Zhang S. emPAI-assisted strategy enhances screening and assessment of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection serological markers. Microb Biotechnol 2021; 14:1827-1838. [PMID: 34173722 PMCID: PMC8313264 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Discovering new serological markers of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection and establishing a rapid and efficient detection technology is of great significance for the prevention and control of tuberculosis. In this study, we established an exponentially modified protein abundance index (emPAI) value-assisted strategy to investigate and improve the screening efficiency of serological biomarkers of tuberculosis. First, we used LC-MS/MS to analyse MTB culture filtrate proteins (MTB-CFPs), and 632 MTB proteins were identified. Then, the characteristic values of MTB-CFPs - including emPAI value, molecular weight (Mw), isoelectric point (pI), grand average of hydropathy (GRAVY), transmembrane domain (TMD) and functional groups were calculated. Next, we successfully prepared 10 MTB proteins with emPAI value > 1.0 and recombinantly expressed these proteins in Escherichia coli. At the same time, 3 MTB proteins with emPAI between 0.1 and 0.5 were randomly selected as the control groups, and the immunogenicity of the recombinant MTB proteins was detected using ELISA. The sensitivity and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were calculated for each recombinant MTB protein. The results showed that the areas under the curve (AUC) value of Rv2031c, Rv0577, Rv0831c, Rv0934 and Rv3248c were all higher than those of Rv3875 (AUC, 0.6643). Further analysis of the relationship between emPAI value and antibody sensitivity, AUC value and antibody affinity in mice immunized with recombinant MTB protein showed that emPAI values were positively correlated with them, and R-squared value ranged from 0.64 to 0.79. The only exception was ESAT-6 (encoded by the Rv3875 gene), which AUC value was relatively low owing to its strong immunosuppressive properties. This study provides a rationale for the serological marker screening of emPAI-assisted tuberculosis clinical test. The results also provide new technical support for the screening of candidate serological markers of infectious diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guorong Ma
- School of Basic Medical SciencesNingxia Medical UniversityYinchuan750004China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Common Infectious DiseasesNingxia Medical UniversityYinchuan750004China
| | - Pei Wang
- School of Basic Medical SciencesNingxia Medical UniversityYinchuan750004China
| | - Yanhui Yang
- School of Basic Medical SciencesNingxia Medical UniversityYinchuan750004China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Common Infectious DiseasesNingxia Medical UniversityYinchuan750004China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Biological Science and EngineeringNorthern University for NationalitiesYinchuan750021China
| | - Jinhua Ma
- School of Basic Medical SciencesNingxia Medical UniversityYinchuan750004China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Common Infectious DiseasesNingxia Medical UniversityYinchuan750004China
| | - Lin Zhou
- School of Basic Medical SciencesNingxia Medical UniversityYinchuan750004China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Common Infectious DiseasesNingxia Medical UniversityYinchuan750004China
| | - Junlin Ouyang
- School of Basic Medical SciencesNingxia Medical UniversityYinchuan750004China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Common Infectious DiseasesNingxia Medical UniversityYinchuan750004China
| | - Rongxiu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial MetabolismSchool of Life Sciences & BiotechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240China
| | - Shulin Zhang
- Department of Immunology and MicrobiologySchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200025China
- Tuberculosis Research CenterSchool of MedicineShanghai Public Health Clinical CenterShanghai201508China
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33
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Arega AM, Mahapatra RK. Glycoconjugates, hypothetical proteins, and post-translational modification: Importance in host-pathogen interaction and antitubercular intervention development. Chem Biol Drug Des 2021; 98:30-48. [PMID: 33838076 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
With the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria, insufficiency of the established chemotherapy, and the existing vaccine BCG, tuberculosis (TB) subsists as the chief cause of death in different parts of the world. Thus, identification of novel target proteins is urgently required to develop more effective TB interventions. However, the novel vaccine and drug target knowledge based on the essentiality of the pathogen cell envelope components such as glycoconjugates, glycans, and the peptidoglycan layer of the lipid-rich capsule are limited. Furthermore, most of the genes encoding proteins are characterized as hypothetical and functionally unknown. Correspondingly, some researchers have shown that the lipid and sugar components of the envelope glycoconjugates are largely in charge of TB pathogenesis and encounter many drugs and vaccines. Therefore, in this review we provide an insight into a comprehensive study concerning the importance of cell envelope glycoconjugates and hypothetical proteins, the impact of post-translational modification, and the bioinformatics-based implications for better antitubercular intervention development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aregitu Mekuriaw Arega
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, India.,National Veterinary Institute, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia
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34
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Mirzaei R, Babakhani S, Ajorloo P, Ahmadi RH, Hosseini-Fard SR, Keyvani H, Ahmadyousefi Y, Teimoori A, Zamani F, Karampoor S, Yousefimashouf R. The emerging role of exosomal miRNAs as a diagnostic and therapeutic biomarker in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Mol Med 2021; 27:34. [PMID: 33794771 PMCID: PMC8017856 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-021-00296-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), has been the world's driving fatal bacterial contagious disease globally. It continues a public health emergency, and around one-third of the global community has been affected by latent TB infection (LTBI). This is mostly due to the difficulty in diagnosing and treating patients with TB and LTBI. Exosomes are nanovesicles (40-100 nm) released from different cell types, containing proteins, lipids, mRNA, and miRNA, and they allow the transfer of one's cargo to other cells. The functional and diagnostic potential of exosomal miRNAs has been demonstrated in bacterial infections, including TB. Besides, it has been recognized that cells infected by intracellular pathogens such as Mtb can be secreting an exosome, which is implicated in the infection's fate. Exosomes, therefore, open a unique viewpoint on the investigative process of TB pathogenicity. This study explores the possible function of exosomal miRNAs as a diagnostic biomarker. Moreover, we include the latest data on the pathogenic and therapeutic role of exosomal miRNAs in TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasoul Mirzaei
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran. .,Venom and Biotherapeutics Molecules Lab, Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sajad Babakhani
- Department of Microbiology, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Ajorloo
- Department of Biology, Sciences and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Razieh Heidari Ahmadi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Reza Hosseini-Fard
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Keyvani
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yaghoub Ahmadyousefi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.,Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Ali Teimoori
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Farhad Zamani
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sajad Karampoor
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Rasoul Yousefimashouf
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran. .,Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
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35
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Fatma F, Tripathi DK, Srivastava M, Srivastava KK, Arora A. Immunological characterization of chimeras of high specificity antigens from Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2021; 127:102054. [PMID: 33550109 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2021.102054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis remains a serious global health problem. BCG is the only prophylactic TB vaccine and it shows variable protective efficacy. Chimeric protein subunit vaccines hold great potential as stand-alone vaccines or heterologous BCG prime boosters. We have designed a protein chimera, PP31, by combining Mtb ESAT-6 family antigen Rv1198 and MoCo biosynthesis family antigen Rv3111. Further, PP31 was extended by addition of latency antigen Rv1813c to yield PP43. Immunization of BALB/c mice with PP31 or PP43 with FIA adjuvant elicited strong humoral immune response. Restimulation of splenocytes of the immunized mice lead to significant proliferation of lymphocytes, secretion of cytokines IFN-γ, TNF, IL-2 of the Th1 class, IL-17A of the Th17 class, and IL-6. PP31 and PP43 also induced intracellular cytokine expression (IFN-γ, TNF, and IL-2) from both CD4+-CD44high and CD8+-CD44high T-cells. Antigen-specific IFN-γ+/IL-2+ double positive CD4+ T-cells were significantly higher in case of PP43 than PP31-immunized mice and control group. PP43 showed protection equivalent to heat-inactivated BCG in response to challenge of the immunized mice with Mtb H37Ra. Based on its immunogenicity and protective efficacy, PP43 appears to be a potential candidate for further development as a subunit vaccine against TB.
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MESH Headings
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/administration & dosage
- Animals
- Antibodies, Bacterial/blood
- Antigens, Bacterial/administration & dosage
- Antigens, Bacterial/immunology
- Bacterial Proteins/administration & dosage
- Bacterial Proteins/immunology
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Epitopes
- Female
- Humans
- Immunity, Cellular/drug effects
- Immunity, Humoral/drug effects
- Immunization
- Immunogenicity, Vaccine
- Lymphocyte Activation/drug effects
- Lymphocyte Subsets/drug effects
- Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- Lymphocyte Subsets/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis/genetics
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis/immunology
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/administration & dosage
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/immunology
- Tuberculosis/blood
- Tuberculosis/immunology
- Tuberculosis/microbiology
- Tuberculosis/prevention & control
- Tuberculosis Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Tuberculosis Vaccines/immunology
- Vaccines, Subunit/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Subunit/immunology
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Farheen Fatma
- Molecular and Structural Biology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Dinesh K Tripathi
- Microbiology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Mrigank Srivastava
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India; Molecular Parasitology and Immunology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Kishore K Srivastava
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India; Microbiology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India.
| | - Ashish Arora
- Molecular and Structural Biology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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36
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Gani Z, Boradia VM, Kumar A, Patidar A, Talukdar S, Choudhary E, Singh R, Agarwal N, Raje M, Iyengar Raje C. Mycobacterium tuberculosis glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase plays a dual role-As an adhesin and as a receptor for plasmin(ogen). Cell Microbiol 2021; 23:e13311. [PMID: 33486886 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The spread of infection is directly determined by the ability of a pathogen to invade and infect host tissues. The process involves adherence due to host-pathogen interactions and traversal into deeper tissues. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) primarily infects the lung but is unique in its ability to infect almost any other organ of the human host including immune privileged sites such as the central nervous system (CNS). The extreme invasiveness of this bacterium is not fully understood. In the current study, we report that cell surface Mtb glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) functions as a virulence factor by multiple mechanisms. Firstly, it serves as a dual receptor for both plasminogen (Plg) and plasmin (Plm). CRISPRi-mediated silencing of this essential enzyme confirmed its role in the recruitment of Plg/Plm. Our studies further demonstrate that soluble GAPDH can re-associate on Mtb bacilli to promote plasmin(ogen) recruitment. The direct association of plasmin(ogen) via cell surface GAPDH or by the re-association of soluble GAPDH enhanced bacterial adherence to and traversal across lung epithelial cells. Furthermore, the association of GAPDH with host extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins coupled with its ability to recruit plasmin(ogen) may endow cells with the ability of directed proteolytic activity vital for tissue invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahid Gani
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), SAS Nagar, India
| | - Vishant Mahendra Boradia
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), SAS Nagar, India.,Seattle Children's Research Institute, Global Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Ajay Kumar
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), SAS Nagar, India
| | - Anil Patidar
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Microbial Technology (CSIR-IMTECH), Chandigarh, India
| | - Sharmila Talukdar
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Microbial Technology (CSIR-IMTECH), Chandigarh, India
| | - Eira Choudhary
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India.,Symbiosis School of Biomedical Sciences, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ranvir Singh
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), SAS Nagar, India
| | - Nisheeth Agarwal
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
| | - Manoj Raje
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Microbial Technology (CSIR-IMTECH), Chandigarh, India
| | - Chaaya Iyengar Raje
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), SAS Nagar, India
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37
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Dubey N, Khan MZ, Kumar S, Sharma A, Das L, Bhaduri A, Singh Y, Nandicoori VK. Mycobacterium tuberculosis PPiA interacts with host integrin receptor to exacerbate disease progression. J Infect Dis 2021; 224:1383-1393. [PMID: 33580239 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiab081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Attenuated intracellular survival of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) secretory gene mutants exemplifies their role as virulence factors. Mtb peptidyl prolyl isomerase A (PPiA) assists in protein folding through cis/trans isomerization of prolyl bonds. Here, we show that PPiA abets Mtb survival and aids in the disease progression by exploiting host-associated factors. While the deletion of PPiA has no discernable effect on the bacillary survival in a murine infection model, it compromises the formation of granuloma-like lesions and promotes host cell death through ferroptosis. Overexpression of PPiA enhances the bacillary load and exacerbates pathology in mice lungs. Importantly, PPiA interacts with the integrin α5β1 receptor through a conserved surface-exposed RGD motif. The secretion of PPiA as well as interaction with integrin contributes to the disease progression by upregulating multiple host matrix metalloproteinases. Collectively, we identified a novel non-chaperone role of PPiA that is critical in facilitating host-pathogen interaction ensuing disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Dubey
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Mall Road, Delhi, India.,Current Department of Molecular Microbiology, WUSTL, St. Louis, USA
| | - Mehak Zahoor Khan
- National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Suresh Kumar
- National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Aditya Sharma
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Mall Road, Delhi, India.,Current Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, College of Pharmacy, Texas, USA
| | - Lahari Das
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi, India.,Current Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, College of Pharmacy, Texas, USA
| | - Asani Bhaduri
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi, India.,Current Cluster Innovation Center, University of Delhi, Mall Road, Delhi, India
| | - Yogendra Singh
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Mall Road, Delhi, India
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38
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Meier NR, Sutter TM, Jacobsen M, Ottenhoff THM, Vogt JE, Ritz N. Machine Learning Algorithms Evaluate Immune Response to Novel Mycobacterium tuberculosis Antigens for Diagnosis of Tuberculosis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 10:594030. [PMID: 33489933 PMCID: PMC7820115 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.594030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale Tuberculosis diagnosis in children remains challenging. Microbiological confirmation of tuberculosis disease is often lacking, and standard immunodiagnostic including the tuberculin skin test and interferon-γ release assay for tuberculosis infection has limited sensitivity. Recent research suggests that inclusion of novel Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens has the potential to improve standard immunodiagnostic tests for tuberculosis. Objective To identify optimal antigen–cytokine combinations using novel Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens and cytokine read-outs by machine learning algorithms to improve immunodiagnostic assays for tuberculosis. Methods A total of 80 children undergoing investigation of tuberculosis were included (15 confirmed tuberculosis disease, five unconfirmed tuberculosis disease, 28 tuberculosis infection and 32 unlikely tuberculosis). Whole blood was stimulated with 10 novel Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens and a fusion protein of early secretory antigenic target (ESAT)-6 and culture filtrate protein (CFP) 10. Cytokines were measured using xMAP multiplex assays. Machine learning algorithms defined a discriminative classifier with performance measured using area under the receiver operating characteristics. Measurements and main results We found the following four antigen–cytokine pairs had a higher weight in the discriminative classifier compared to the standard ESAT-6/CFP-10-induced interferon-γ: Rv2346/47c- and Rv3614/15c-induced interferon-gamma inducible protein-10; Rv2031c-induced granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and ESAT-6/CFP-10-induced tumor necrosis factor-α. A combination of the 10 best antigen–cytokine pairs resulted in area under the curve of 0.92 ± 0.04. Conclusion We exploited the use of machine learning algorithms as a key tool to evaluate large immunological datasets. This identified several antigen–cytokine pairs with the potential to improve immunodiagnostic tests for tuberculosis in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noëmi Rebecca Meier
- Mycobacterial Research Laboratory, University of Basel Children's Hospital, Basel, Switzerland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas M Sutter
- Department of Computer Science, Medical Data Science, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marc Jacobsen
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Heinreich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tom H M Ottenhoff
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Julia E Vogt
- Department of Computer Science, Medical Data Science, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Ritz
- Mycobacterial Research Laboratory, University of Basel Children's Hospital, Basel, Switzerland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology Unit, University of Basel Children's Hospital, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Pediatrics, Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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39
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Pattanaik KP, Ganguli G, Naik SK, Sonawane A. Mycobacterium tuberculosis EsxL induces TNF-α secretion through activation of TLR2 dependent MAPK and NF-κB pathways. Mol Immunol 2021; 130:133-141. [PMID: 33419561 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2020.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) employs distinct strategies to circumvent host immune responses during the infection process. Various Mtb cell-wall associated and secretory proteins are known to play a critical role in the orchestration of host innate immune responses through modulation of signaling pathways. Mtb genome encodes for 23 (EsxA-EsxW) proteins belonging to the ESAT-6 like family; however, most of them are functionally unknown. Here, we show that Mtb EsxL induces tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) production by activating nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) via interaction with Toll-like Receptor 2 (TLR2). Blocking or silencing of TLR2 abrogated nuclear translocation of NF-kB and TNF-α production. Treatment with recombinant purified EsxL (rEsxL) activated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway by inducing the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and p38 kinase (p38) pathways. At the same time, inhibition of ERK and p38 down-regulated the expression of TNF-α in rEsxL exposed murine macrophages. Besides TNF-α, EsxL also induced the production of IL-6 proinflammatory cytokine. Taken together, these results suggest that EsxL is able to induce TNF-α secretion via TLR2 through activation of NF-κB and MAPK signaling. This study will help in deducing therapeutic strategies for better control of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Geetanjali Ganguli
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Sumanta Kumar Naik
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Avinash Sonawane
- Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, IIT Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India.
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40
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Biadglegne F, König B, Rodloff AC, Dorhoi A, Sack U. Composition and Clinical Significance of Exosomes in Tuberculosis: A Systematic Literature Review. J Clin Med 2021; 10:E145. [PMID: 33406750 PMCID: PMC7795701 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10010145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major health issue worldwide. In order to contain TB infections, improved vaccines as well as accurate and reliable diagnostic tools are desirable. Exosomes are employed for the diagnosis of various diseases. At present, research on exosomes in TB is still at the preliminary stage. Recent studies have described isolation and characterization of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) derived exosomes in vivo and in vitro. Mtb-derived exosomes (Mtbexo) may be critical for TB pathogenesis by delivering mycobacterial-derived components to the recipient cells. Proteomic and transcriptomic analysis of Mtbexo have revealed a variety of proteins and miRNA, which are utilized by the TB bacteria for pathogenesis. Exosomes has been isolated in body fluids, are amenable for fast detection, and could contribute as diagnostic or prognostic biomarker to disease control. Extraction of exosomes from biological fluids is essential for the exosome research and requires careful standardization for TB. In this review, we summarized the different studies on Mtbexo molecules, including protein and miRNA and the method used to detect exosomes in biological fluids and cell culture supernatants. Thus, the detection of Mtbexo molecules in biological fluids may have a potential to expedite the diagnosis of TB infection. Moreover, the analysis of Mtbexo may generate new aspects in vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fantahun Biadglegne
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, 79 Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (B.K.); (A.C.R.)
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Brigitte König
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (B.K.); (A.C.R.)
| | - Arne C. Rodloff
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (B.K.); (A.C.R.)
| | - Anca Dorhoi
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany;
| | - Ulrich Sack
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
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41
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Structural Analysis of the Partially Disordered Protein EspK from Mycobacterium Tuberculosis. CRYSTALS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst11010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
For centuries, tuberculosis has been a worldwide burden for human health, and gaps in our understanding of its pathogenesis have hampered the development of new treatments. ESX-1 is a complex machinery responsible for the secretion of virulence factors that manipulate the host response. Despite the importance of these secreted proteins for pathogenicity, only a few of them have been structurally and functionally characterised. Here, we describe a structural study of the ESX-secretion associated protein K (EspK), a 74 kDa protein known to be essential for the secretion of other substrates and the cytolytic effects of ESX-1. Small-Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS) data show that EspK is a long molecule with a maximal dimension of 228 Å. It consists of two independent folded regions at each end of the protein connected by a flexible unstructured region driving the protein to coexist as an ensemble of conformations. Limited proteolysis identified a 26 kDa globular domain at the C-terminus of the protein consisting of a mixture of α-helices and β-strands, as shown by circular dichroism (CD) and SAXS. In contrast, the N-terminal portion is mainly helical with an elongated shape. Sequence conservation suggests that this architecture is preserved amongst the different mycobacteria species, proposing specific roles for the N- and C-terminal domains assisted by the middle flexible linker.
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42
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Dubey RK, Dhamija E, Kumar Mishra A, Soam D, Mohanrao Yabaji S, Srivastava K, Srivastava KK. Mycobacterial origin protein Rv0674 localizes into mitochondria, interacts with D-loop and regulates OXPHOS for intracellular persistence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Mitochondrion 2020; 57:241-256. [PMID: 33279599 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2020.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) employs diverse strategies to survive inside the host macrophages. In this study, we have identified a conserved hypothetical protein of Mtb; Rv0674, which is present in the mitochondria of the host cell. The genetic knock-out of rv0674 (Mtb-KO) showed increased growth of Mtb. The intracellular infection with recombinant Mycobacterium smegmatis (MSMEG) expressing Rv0674 (MS_Rv0674), established that the protein is involved in promoting the apoptotic cell death of the macrophage. To investigate the mechanism incurred in mitochondria, we observed that the protein physically interacts with the control region (D-loop) of the mitochondrial DNA (LSP and HSP promoters of the loop) of the macrophages and facilitates the increased expression of mRNA in all the complexes of mitochondrial encoded OXPHOS subunits. The changes in OXPHOS levels corroborated with the ATP synthesis, mitochondrial membrane potential and superoxide production. The infection with MS_Rv0674 confirmed the role of this protein in effecting the intracellular infection. The fluorescent and confocal microscopy confirmed that the protein is localized in the mitochondria of infected macrophages and in the cells of BAL of TB patients. Together these findings indicate towards the novel function of the protein which is unlike to the earlier established mechanisms of mycobacterial physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikesh Kumar Dubey
- Division of Microbiology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Ekta Dhamija
- Division of Microbiology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Alok Kumar Mishra
- Division of Microbiology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Dheeraj Soam
- Division of Microbiology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Shivraj Mohanrao Yabaji
- Division of Microbiology and Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, India; Division of Microbiology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | | | - Kishore K Srivastava
- Division of Microbiology and Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, India; Division of Microbiology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India.
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43
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Augenstreich J, Briken V. Host Cell Targets of Released Lipid and Secreted Protein Effectors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:595029. [PMID: 33194845 PMCID: PMC7644814 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.595029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is a very successful pathogen, strictly adapted to humans and the cause of tuberculosis. Its success is associated with its ability to inhibit host cell intrinsic immune responses by using an arsenal of virulence factors of different nature. It has evolved to synthesize a series of complex lipids which form an outer membrane and may also be released to enter host cell membranes. In addition, secreted protein effectors of Mtb are entering the host cell cytosol to interact with host cell proteins. We briefly discuss the current model, involving the ESX-1 type seven secretion system and the Mtb lipid phthiocerol dimycoserosate (PDIM), of how Mtb creates pores in the phagosomal membrane to allow Mtb proteins to access to the host cell cytosol. We provide an exhaustive list of Mtb secreted proteins that have effector functions. They modify (mostly inhibit but sometimes activate) host cell pathways such as: phagosome maturation, cell death, cytokine response, xenophagy, reactive oxygen species (ROS) response via NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2), nitric oxide (NO) response via NO Synthase 2 (NOS2) and antigen presentation via MHC class I and class II molecules. We discuss the host cell targets for each lipid and protein effector and the importance of the Mtb effector for virulence of the bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Volker Briken
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
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44
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Forrest S, Welch M. Arming the troops: Post-translational modification of extracellular bacterial proteins. Sci Prog 2020; 103:36850420964317. [PMID: 33148128 PMCID: PMC10450907 DOI: 10.1177/0036850420964317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Protein secretion is almost universally employed by bacteria. Some proteins are retained on the cell surface, whereas others are released into the extracellular milieu, often playing a key role in virulence. In this review, we discuss the diverse types and potential functions of post-translational modifications (PTMs) occurring to extracellular bacterial proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Forrest
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Martin Welch
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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45
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Comprehensive analysis of protein acetyltransferases of human pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Biosci Rep 2020; 39:221456. [PMID: 31820790 PMCID: PMC6923341 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20191661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), a leading infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain, takes four human lives every minute globally. Paucity of knowledge on M. tuberculosis virulence and antibiotic resistance is the major challenge for tuberculosis control. We have identified 47 acetyltransferases in the M. tuberculosis, which use diverse substrates including antibiotic, amino acids, and other chemical molecules. Through comparative analysis of the protein file of the virulent M. tuberculosis H37Rv strain and the avirulent M. tuberculosis H37Ra strain, we identified one acetyltransferase that shows significant variations with N-terminal deletion, possibly influencing its physicochemical properties. We also found that one acetyltransferase has three types of post-translation modifications (lysine acetylation, succinylation, and glutarylation). The genome context analysis showed that many acetyltransferases with their neighboring genes belong to one operon. By data mining from published transcriptional profiles of M. tuberculosis exposed to diverse treatments, we revealed that several acetyltransferases may be functional during M. tuberculosis infection. Insights obtained from the present study can potentially provide clues for developing novel TB therapeutic interventions.
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46
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Dautin N, Argentini M, Mohiman N, Labarre C, Cornu D, Sago L, Chami M, Dietrich C, de Sousa d'Auria C, Houssin C, Masi M, Salmeron C, Bayan N. Role of the unique, non-essential phosphatidylglycerol::prolipoprotein diacylglyceryl transferase (Lgt) in Corynebacterium glutamicum. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2020; 166:759-776. [PMID: 32490790 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial lipoproteins are secreted proteins that are post-translationally lipidated. Following synthesis, preprolipoproteins are transported through the cytoplasmic membrane via the Sec or Tat translocon. As they exit the transport machinery, they are recognized by a phosphatidylglycerol::prolipoprotein diacylglyceryl transferase (Lgt), which converts them to prolipoproteins by adding a diacylglyceryl group to the sulfhydryl side chain of the invariant Cys+1 residue. Lipoprotein signal peptidase (LspA or signal peptidase II) subsequently cleaves the signal peptide, liberating the α-amino group of Cys+1, which can eventually be further modified. Here, we identified the lgt and lspA genes from Corynebacterium glutamicum and found that they are unique but not essential. We found that Lgt is necessary for the acylation and membrane anchoring of two model lipoproteins expressed in this species: MusE, a C. glutamicum maltose-binding lipoprotein, and LppX, a Mycobacterium tuberculosis lipoprotein. However, Lgt is not required for these proteins' signal peptide cleavage, or for LppX glycosylation. Taken together, these data show that in C. glutamicum the association of some lipoproteins with membranes through the covalent attachment of a lipid moiety is not essential for further post-translational modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Dautin
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France.,Present address: Laboratoire de Biologie Physico-Chimique des Protéines Membranaires, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Manuela Argentini
- Present address: Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 17 rue Moreau, 75012 Paris, France.,Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Niloofar Mohiman
- Present address: Curakliniken, Erikslustvägen 22, 217 73 Malmö, Sweden.,Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Cécile Labarre
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - David Cornu
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Laila Sago
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Mohamed Chami
- CBioEM lab, Biozentrum, University of Basel, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christiane Dietrich
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Célia de Sousa d'Auria
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Christine Houssin
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Muriel Masi
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Christophe Salmeron
- Present address: Observatoire Océanologique de Banyuls Sur Mer, FR 3724-Laboratoire Arago - Sorbonne Université / CNRS, France.,Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Nicolas Bayan
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
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47
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Tucci P, Portela M, Chetto CR, González-Sapienza G, Marín M. Integrative proteomic and glycoproteomic profiling of Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture filtrate. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0221837. [PMID: 32126063 PMCID: PMC7053730 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite being the subject of intensive research, tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, remains at present the leading cause of death from an infectious agent. Secreted and cell wall proteins interact with the host and play important roles in pathogenicity. These proteins are explored as candidate diagnostic markers, potential drug targets or vaccine antigens, and more recently special attention is being given to the role of their post-translational modifications. With the purpose of contributing to the proteomic and glycoproteomic characterization of this important pathogen, we performed a shotgun analysis of culture filtrate proteins of M. tuberculosis based on a liquid nano-HPLC tandem mass spectrometry and a label-free spectral counting normalization approach for protein quantification. We identified 1314 M. tuberculosis proteins in culture filtrate and found that the most abundant proteins belong to the extracellular region or cell wall compartment, and that the functional categories with higher protein abundance factor were virulence, detoxification and adaptation, and cell wall and cell processes. We could identify a group of proteins consistently detected in previous studies, most of which were highly abundant proteins. In culture filtrate, 140 proteins were predicted to contain one of the three types of bacterial N-terminal signal peptides. Besides, various proteins belonging to the ESX secretion systems, and to the PE and PPE families, secreted by the type VII secretion system using nonclassical secretion signals, were also identified. O-glycosylation was identified in 46 proteins, many of them lipoproteins and cell wall associated proteins. Finally, we provide proteomic evidence for 33 novel O-glycosylated proteins, aiding to the glycoproteomic characterization of relevant antigenic membrane and exported proteins. These findings are expected to collaborate with the research on pathogen derived biomarkers, virulence factors and vaccine candidates, and to provide clues to the understanding of the pathogenesis and survival strategies adopted by M. tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Tucci
- Sección Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Madelón Portela
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Proteómica Analíticas, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Carlos Rivas Chetto
- Departamento de Laboratorio, Comisión Honoraria para la Lucha Antituberculosa y Enfermedades Prevalentes, Centro de Referencia Nacional para Micobacterias, Ministerio de Salud Pública, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Gualberto González-Sapienza
- Cátedra de Inmunología, DEPBIO, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la Republica Uruguay, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Mónica Marín
- Sección Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
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48
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Zhang L, Hendrickson RC, Meikle V, Lefkowitz EJ, Ioerger TR, Niederweis M. Comprehensive analysis of iron utilization by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008337. [PMID: 32069330 PMCID: PMC7058343 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron is essential for nearly all bacterial pathogens, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), but is severely limited in the human host. To meet its iron needs, Mtb secretes siderophores, small molecules with high affinity for iron, and takes up iron-loaded mycobactins (MBT) and carboxymycobactins (cMBT), from the environment. Mtb is also capable of utilizing heme and hemoglobin which contain more than 70% of the iron in the human body. However, many components of these iron acquisition pathways are still unknown. In this study, a high-density transposon mutagenesis coupled with deep sequencing (TnSeq) showed that Mtb exhibits nearly opposite requirements for 165 genes in the presence of heme and hemoglobin versus MBT and cMBT as iron sources. The ESX-3 secretion system was assessed as essential for siderophore-mediated iron uptake and, surprisingly, also for heme utilization by Mtb. Predictions derived from the TnSeq analysis were validated by growth experiments with isogenic Mtb mutants. These results showed that (i) the efflux pump MmpL5 plays a dominant role in siderophore secretion, (ii) the Rv2047c protein is essential for growth of Mtb in the presence of mycobactin, and (iii) the transcriptional repressor Zur is required for heme utilization by Mtb. The novel genetic determinants of iron utilization revealed in this study will stimulate further experiments in this important area of Mtb physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - R. Curtis Hendrickson
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Virginia Meikle
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Elliot J. Lefkowitz
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Thomas R. Ioerger
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Michael Niederweis
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
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49
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Ahmad J, Khubaib M, Sheikh JA, Pancsa R, Kumar S, Srinivasan A, Babu MM, Hasnain SE, Ehtesham NZ. Disorder-to-order transition in PE-PPE proteins of Mycobacterium tuberculosis augments the pro-pathogen immune response. FEBS Open Bio 2019; 10:70-85. [PMID: 31643141 PMCID: PMC6943233 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing body of evidence supports the hypothesis that intrinsically disordered proteins often mediate host–pathogen interactions and modulate host functions for pathogen survival and virulence. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) has evolved largely through reductive evolution, with a few exceptions such as the glycine–alanine‐rich PE–PPE/PGRS protein family, which has been expanding in pathogenic mycobacteria. Here, our analyses of the M.tb proteome and secretome revealed that the PE–PGRS subfamily is enriched for disordered regions and disordered binding sites, pointing to their importance in host–pathogen interactions. As a case study, the secondary structure of PE35–PPE68 and PE32–PPE65 of the pathogenesis‐related RD1 and RD8 regions was analyzed through Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy. These disordered proteins displayed a considerable structural shift from disordered to ordered while engaged in the formation of complexes. While these proteins are immunogenic individually and enhance the pro‐pathogen response, their corresponding complexes enhanced the responses manifold as displayed here by PE35 and PPE68. It is likely that M.tb exploits such disorder–order structural dynamics as a strategy to mount a pro‐pathogen response and subvert host defense for productive infection. This functional gain also serves as a means to compensate genomic content loss due to reductive evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javeed Ahmad
- Inflammation Biology and Cell Signalling Laboratory, National Institute of Pathology, New Delhi, India.,Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohd Khubaib
- JH Institute of Molecular Medicine, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Javaid Ahmad Sheikh
- Inflammation Biology and Cell Signalling Laboratory, National Institute of Pathology, New Delhi, India.,Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Rita Pancsa
- Medical Research Council, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Saroj Kumar
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Alagiri Srinivasan
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohan Madan Babu
- Medical Research Council, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Seyed E Hasnain
- JH Institute of Molecular Medicine, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India.,Dr. Reddy's Institute of Life Sciences, Hyderabad, India
| | - Nasreen Z Ehtesham
- Inflammation Biology and Cell Signalling Laboratory, National Institute of Pathology, New Delhi, India
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50
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Mycobacterium tuberculosis LipE Has a Lipase/Esterase Activity and Is Important for Intracellular Growth and In Vivo Infection. Infect Immun 2019; 88:IAI.00750-19. [PMID: 31636137 PMCID: PMC6921666 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00750-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis Rv3775 (LipE) was annotated as a putative lipase. However, its lipase activity has never been characterized, and its precise role in tuberculosis (TB) pathogenesis has not been thoroughly studied to date. We overexpressed and purified the recombinant LipE (rLipE) protein and demonstrated that LipE has a lipase/esterase activity. rLipE prefers medium-chain ester substrates, with the maximal activity on hexanoate. Its activity is the highest at 40°C and pH 9. We determined that rLipE hydrolyzes trioctanoate. Using site-directed mutagenesis, we confirmed that the predicted putative activity triad residues Ser97, Gly342, and His363 are essential for the lipase activity of rLipE. The expression of the lipE gene was induced under stressed conditions mimicking M. tuberculosis' intracellular niche. The gene-disrupting mutation of lipE led to significantly reduced bacterial growth inside THP-1 cells and human peripheral blood mononuclear cell-derived macrophages and attenuated M. tuberculosis infection in mice (with ∼8-fold bacterial load reduction in mouse lungs). Our data suggest that LipE functions as a lipase and is important for M. tuberculosis intracellular growth and in vivo infection.
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