1
|
Nigro L, Magni S, Ortenzi MA, Gazzotti S, Della Torre C, Signorini SG, Sbarberi R, Binelli A. Unveiling the multilevel impact of four water-soluble polymers on Daphnia magna: From proteome to behaviour (a case study). JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 469:134000. [PMID: 38508107 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
The ubiquitous presence of water-soluble polymers (WSPs) in freshwater environments raises concerns regarding potential threats to aquatic organisms. This study investigated, for the first time, the effects of widely used WSPs -polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), polyacrylic acid (PAA), and polyethylene glycol (PEG)- using a multi-level approach in the freshwater biological model Daphnia magna. This integrated assessment employed a suite of biomarkers, evaluation of swimming behaviour, and proteomic analysis to investigate the effects of three environmentally relevant concentrations (0.001, 0.5, and 1 mg/L) of the tested WSPs from molecular to organismal levels, assessing both acute and chronic effects. Our findings reveal that exposure to different WSPs induces specific responses at each biological level, with PEG being the only WSP inducing lethal effects at 0.5 mg/L. At the physiological level, although all WSPs impacted both swimming performance and heart rate of D. magna specimens, PAA exhibited the greatest effects on the measured behavioural parameters. Furthermore, proteomic analyses demonstrated altered protein profiles following exposure to all WSPs, with PVA emerging as the most effective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lara Nigro
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Stefano Magni
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, Milan 20133, Italy.
| | - Marco Aldo Ortenzi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Milan, Via Golgi 19, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Stefano Gazzotti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Milan, Via Golgi 19, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Camilla Della Torre
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, Milan 20133, Italy
| | | | - Riccardo Sbarberi
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Andrea Binelli
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, Milan 20133, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cheng R, Zhang Z, Zhan C, Qin T, Wang L, Zhang X. Environmentally relevant concentrations of selenite trigger reproductive toxicity by affecting oocyte development and promoting larval apoptosis. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 316:120648. [PMID: 36375579 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
As a trace element, selenium (Se) has been widely added to food to maintain the physiological homeostasis of the organism. The adverse effects of Se on the reproduction of zebrafish have been investigated, however, the effects of Se on the maturation and apoptosis of zebrafish oocytes remain unclear. In this study, zebrafish embryos (2 h post fertilization, hpf) were exposed to 0, 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 μg Se/L for 120 days. The results demonstrated that exposure to selenite decreased the gonad-somatic index (GSI) and cumulative production of eggs, inhibited oocyte maturation (OM), and increased oocyte apoptosis in females. Exposure to selenite decreased the contents of sex hormones (E2) in the serum and increased the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) in the ovary. Furthermore, exposure to selenite downregulated the transcription level of genes on the HPG axis, decreased the phosphorylation level of CyclinB and the protein content of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (Pka), and upregulated the expression of genes (eif2s1a and chop) and proteins (Grp78, Chop) related to endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and apoptosis. Moreover, maternal exposure to selenite resulted in the apoptosis of offspring and upregulated the content of ROS and the transcription level of genes related to ERS and apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Cheng
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University; Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Wuhan, 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Ecological Impacts of Hydraulic-Projects and Restoration of Aquatic Ecosystem of Ministry of Water Resources, Institute of Hydroecology, MWR & CAS, Wuhan, 430070, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhiming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Impacts of Hydraulic-Projects and Restoration of Aquatic Ecosystem of Ministry of Water Resources, Institute of Hydroecology, MWR & CAS, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chunhua Zhan
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University; Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Tianlong Qin
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University; Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Li Wang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University; Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Wuhan, 430070, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xuezhen Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University; Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Wuhan, 430070, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gazo I, Naraine R, Lebeda I, Tomčala A, Dietrich M, Franěk R, Pšenička M, Šindelka R. Transcriptome and Proteome Analyses Reveal Stage-Specific DNA Damage Response in Embryos of Sturgeon ( Acipenser ruthenus). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:6392. [PMID: 35742841 PMCID: PMC9223696 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA damage during early life stages may have a negative effect on embryo development, inducing mortality and malformations that have long-lasting effects during adult life. Therefore, in the current study, we analyzed the effect of DNA damage induced by genotoxicants (camptothecin (CPT) and olaparib) at different stages of embryo development. The survival, DNA fragmentation, transcriptome, and proteome of the endangered sturgeon Acipenser ruthenus were analyzed. Sturgeons are non-model fish species that can provide new insights into the DNA damage response and embryo development. The transcriptomic and proteomic patterns changed significantly after exposure to genotoxicants in a stage-dependent manner. The results of this study indicate a correlation between phenotype formation and changes in transcriptomic and proteomic profiles. CPT and olaparib downregulated oxidative phosphorylation and metabolic pathways, and upregulated pathways involved in nucleotide excision repair, base excision repair, and homologous recombination. We observed the upregulated expression of zona pellucida sperm-binding proteins in all treatment groups, as well as the upregulation of several glycolytic enzymes. The analysis of gene expression revealed several markers of DNA damage response and adaptive stress response, which could be applied in toxicological studies on fish embryos. This study is the first complex analysis of the DNA damage response in endangered sturgeons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ievgeniia Gazo
- South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25 Vodňany, Czech Republic; (I.L.); (R.F.); (M.P.)
| | - Ravindra Naraine
- Laboratory of Gene Expression, Institute of Biotechnology—Biocev, Academy of Science of Czech Republic, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic; (R.N.); (R.Š.)
| | - Ievgen Lebeda
- South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25 Vodňany, Czech Republic; (I.L.); (R.F.); (M.P.)
| | - Aleš Tomčala
- Institute of Aquaculture and Protection of Waters, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Husova tř. 458/102, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic;
| | - Mariola Dietrich
- Department of Gametes and Embryo Biology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Roman Franěk
- South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25 Vodňany, Czech Republic; (I.L.); (R.F.); (M.P.)
| | - Martin Pšenička
- South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25 Vodňany, Czech Republic; (I.L.); (R.F.); (M.P.)
| | - Radek Šindelka
- Laboratory of Gene Expression, Institute of Biotechnology—Biocev, Academy of Science of Czech Republic, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic; (R.N.); (R.Š.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Haque MN, Nam SE, Han YS, Park HS, Rhee JS. Chronic exposure to sublethal concentrations of saxitoxin reduces antioxidant activity and immunity in zebrafish but does not affect reproductive parameters. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 243:106070. [PMID: 34974311 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2021.106070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Saxitoxin produced by dinoflagellates and cyanobacteria can be transferred to humans through intoxicated organisms such as fish, but limited research has addressed the adverse effects of this toxin on aquatic organisms. In this study, we measured the potential effects of a 90-day exposure to saxitoxin (0.1 or 1 µg·L - 1) on body weight and length, antioxidant defense system, immunity, sex hormones, and genes involved in associated key metabolic pathways in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Significant impairments in body weight and length were observed in response to 1 µg·L - 1 saxitoxin in both male and female zebrafish. A significant increase in the levels of malondialdehyde, together with decreased enzymatic activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase, was observed in fish of both sexes exposed to 1 µg·L - 1 saxitoxin, indicating the occurrence of lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress. Immune parameters such as alternative complement activity, lysozyme activity, and immunoglobulin content were also significantly reduced. However, exposure of male and female zebrafish to saxitoxin for 90 days did not significantly affect reproductive parameters such as the gonadosomatic index and plasma concentrations of vitellogenin, estradiol, and 11-keto testosterone. Transcriptional responses showed similar trends to those of the biochemical parameters, as genes involved in the antioxidant defense system and immunity were downregulated, whereas the transcription of genes related to reproductive metabolism showed no significant change upon treatment with 1 µg·L - 1 saxitoxin. Our findings indicate that long-term exposure to a sublethal concentration of saxitoxin can inhibit growth through induction of oxidative stress and immunosuppression, while the reproductive parameters of zebrafish are not a main target of this toxin at sublethal concentrations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Niamul Haque
- Department of Marine Science, College of Natural Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Eun Nam
- Department of Marine Science, College of Natural Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Seok Han
- Neo Environmental Business Co., Bucheon 14523, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung Sook Park
- Department of Song-Do Bio-Environmental Engineering, Incheon Jaeneung University, Incheon 22573, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae-Sung Rhee
- Department of Marine Science, College of Natural Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea; Yellow Sea Research Institute, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Qin JY, Ru S, Wang W, Hao L, Wei S, Zhang J, Xiong JQ, Wang J, Zhang X. Unraveling the mechanism of long-term bisphenol S exposure disrupted ovarian lipids metabolism, oocytes maturation, and offspring development of zebrafish. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 277:130304. [PMID: 33798965 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol S (BPS) acts as a xenoestrogen and disturbs the female reproductive system; however, the underlying mechanism has not been elucidated. In this study, the effect of chronic BPS exposure (1 μg/L and 100 μg/L) on ovarian lipid metabolism in zebrafish was investigated to determine its influence on adult reproductive capacity and offspring development. The results showed that long-term (240 days) exposure to BPS induced lipid accumulation in the ovaries by promoting the transport of more lipids from the circulation to the ovaries and by upregulating triacylglycerol synthesis-related genes. Significantly increased expression of cpt2, acadm, acadl, and pparα, which are involved in β-oxidation in the ovarian mitochondria, indicated that more energy was provided for oocyte maturation in exposed zebrafish ovaries. Thus, the proportion of full-grown stage oocytes in ovaries and egg reproduction were elevated at an accelerated rate, which earlier than normal reproductive cycle (8-10 days posts pawning). Moreover, the maternally BPS-exposed F1 embryos (2 h post-spawning, hpf) showed higher neutral lipid levels, impaired hatching capacity, and increased occurrence of larval deformities. All these findings demonstrated that stimulated lipid synthesis and β-oxidation in zebrafish ovaries significantly contribute to BPS-induced oocyte precociousness with subsequent effects on the development of unexposed offspring. This study provides new insight into the impact of xenoestrogens on oviparous reproduction in females and offspring development from the perspective of ovarian lipid metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yu Qin
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Shaoguo Ru
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Liping Hao
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Shuhui Wei
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Jiu-Qiang Xiong
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Xiaona Zhang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Proteomics Analysis of Early Developmental Stages of Zebrafish Embryos. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246359. [PMID: 31861170 PMCID: PMC6940819 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish is a well-recognized organism for investigating vertebrate development and human diseases. However, the data on zebrafish proteome are scarce, particularly during embryogenesis. This is mostly due to the overwhelming abundance of egg yolk proteins, which tend to mask the detectable presence of less abundant proteins. We developed an efficient procedure to reduce the amount of yolk in zebrafish early embryos to improve the Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based shotgun proteomics analysis. We demonstrated that the deyolking procedure resulted in a greater number of proteins being identified. This protocol resulted in approximately 2-fold increase in the number of proteins identified in deyolked samples at cleavage stages, and the number of identified proteins increased greatly by 3-4 times compared to non-deyolked samples in both oblong and bud stages. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis revealed a high number of functional proteins differentially accumulated in the deyolked versus non-deyolked samples. The most prominent enrichments after the deyolking procedure included processes, functions, and components related to cellular organization, cell cycle, control of replication and translation, and mitochondrial functions. This deyolking procedure improves both qualitative and quantitative proteome analyses and provides an innovative tool in molecular embryogenesis of polylecithal animals, such as fish, amphibians, reptiles, or birds.
Collapse
|
7
|
Küster E, Kalkhof S, Aulhorn S, von Bergen M, Gündel U. Effects of Five Substances with Different Modes of Action on Cathepsin H, C and L Activities in Zebrafish Embryos. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E3956. [PMID: 31627361 PMCID: PMC6843663 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16203956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Cathepsins have been proposed as biomarkers of chemical exposure in the zebrafish embryo model but it is unclear whether they can also be used to detect sublethal stress. The present study evaluates three cathepsin types as candidate biomarkers in zebrafish embryos. In addition to other functions, cathepsins are also involved in yolk lysosomal processes for the internal nutrition of embryos of oviparous animals until external feeding starts. The baseline enzyme activity of cathepsin types H, C and L during the embryonic development of zebrafish in the first 96 h post fertilisation was studied. Secondly, the effect of leupeptin, a known cathepsin inhibitor, and four embryotoxic xenobiotic compounds with different modes of action (phenanthrene-baseline toxicity; rotenone-an inhibitor of electron transport chain in mitochondria; DNOC (Dinitro-ortho-cresol)-an inhibitor of ATP synthesis; and tebuconazole-a sterol biosynthesis inhibitor) on in vivo cathepsin H, C and L total activities have been tested. The positive control leupeptin showed effects on cathepsin L at a 20-fold lower concentration compared to the respective LC50 (0.4 mM) of the zebrafish embryo assay (FET). The observed effects on the enzyme activity of the four other xenobiotics were not or just slightly more sensitive (factor of 1.5 to 3), but the differences did not reach statistical significance. Results of this study indicate that the analysed cathepsins are not susceptible to toxins other than the known peptide-like inhibitors. However, specific cathepsin inhibitors might be identified using the zebrafish embryo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eberhard Küster
- Department Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, UFZ- Helmholtz -Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Stefan Kalkhof
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, UFZ- Helmholtz -Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Bioanalysis, University of Applied Sciences Coburg, 96450 Coburg, Germany
- IZI, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Department of Therapy Validation, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Silke Aulhorn
- Department Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, UFZ- Helmholtz -Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin von Bergen
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, UFZ- Helmholtz -Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ulrike Gündel
- Department Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, UFZ- Helmholtz -Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
- Department Chemicals and Product Safety, Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), 10589 Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
Vitellogenin (Vtg), a yolk nutrient protein that is synthesized in the livers of female animals, and subsequently carried into the ovary, contributes to vitellogenesis in oviparous animals. Thus, Vtg levels are elevated during oogenesis. In contrast, Vtg proteins have been genetically lost in viviparous mammals, thus the yolk protein is not involved in their oogenesis and embryonic development. In this study, we identified Vtg protein in the livers of females during the gestation of the viviparous teleost, Xenotoca eiseni Although vitellogenesis is arrested during gestation, biochemical assays revealed that Vtg protein was present in ovarian tissues and lumen fluid. The Vtg protein was also detected in the trophotaeniae of the intraovarian embryo. Immunoelectron microscopy revealed that Vtg protein is absorbed into intracellular vesicles in the epithelial cells of the trophotaeniae. Furthermore, extraneous Vtg protein injected into the abdominal cavity of a pregnant female was subsequently detected in the trophotaeniae of the intraovarian embryo. Our data suggest that the yolk protein is one of the matrotrophic factors supplied from the mother to the intraovarian embryo during gestation in X. eiseni.
Collapse
|
9
|
Della Torre C, Maggioni D, Ghilardi A, Parolini M, Santo N, Landi C, Madaschi L, Magni S, Tasselli S, Ascagni M, Bini L, La Porta C, Del Giacco L, Binelli A. The interactions of fullerene C 60 and Benzo(α)pyrene influence their bioavailability and toxicity to zebrafish embryos. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 241:999-1008. [PMID: 30029334 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the toxicological consequences related to the interaction of fullerene nanoparticles (C60) and Benzo(α)pyrene (B(α)P) on zebrafish embryos, which were exposed to C60 and B(α)P alone and to C60 doped with B(α)P. The uptake of pollutants into their tissues and intra-cellular localization were investigated by immunofluorescence and electron microscopy. A set of biomarkers of genotoxicity and oxidative stress, as well as functional proteomics analysis were applied to assess the toxic effects due to C60 interaction with B(α)P. The carrier role of C60 for B(α)P was observed, however adsorption on C60 did not affect the accumulation and localization of B(α)P in the embryos. Instead, C60 doped with B(α)P resulted more prone to sedimentation and less bioavailable for the embryos compared to C60 alone. As for toxicity, our results suggested that C60 alone elicited oxidative stress in embryos and a down-regulation of proteins involved in energetic metabolism. The C60 + B(α)P induced cellular response mechanisms similar to B(α)P alone, but generating greater cellular damages in the exposed embryos.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anna Ghilardi
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Parolini
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Nadia Santo
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Landi
- Department of Life Science, University of Siena, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Magni
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Tasselli
- CNR-IRSA (National Research Council-Water Research Institute), Brugherio, Italy
| | | | - Luca Bini
- Department of Life Science, University of Siena, Italy
| | - Caterina La Porta
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, Italy
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Liu H, Ma Z, Zhang T, Yu N, Su G, Giesy JP, Yu H. Pharmacokinetics and effects of tetrabromobisphenol a (TBBPA) to early life stages of zebrafish (Danio rerio). CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 190:243-252. [PMID: 28992476 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.09.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In silico and in vivo approaches were combined in an aggregate exposure pathway (AEP) to assess accumulation and effects of waterborne exposures of early life stages of zebrafish (Danio rerio) to tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA). Three metabolites, two of which were isomers, were detected in fish. Two additional metabolites were detected in the exposure solution. Based on kinetics modeling, proportions of TBBPA that were bioaccumulated and metabolized were 19.33% and 8.88%, respectively. Effects of TBBPA and its metabolites were predicted by use of in silico, surflex-Dock simulations that they were capable of interacting with ThRα and activating associated signaling pathways. TBBPA had a greater toxic contribution than its metabolites did when we evaluated the toxicity of these substances based on the toxicity unit method. The half of the internal lethal dose (ILD50) was 18.33 μg TBBPA/g at 74 hpf. This finding was further confirmed by changes in expressions of ThRα and other NRs as well as associated genes in their signal pathways. Specifically, exposure to 1.6 × 102, 3.3 × 102 or 6.5 × 102 μg TBBPA/L significantly down-regulated expression of ThRα and associated genes, ncor, c1d, ncoa2, ncoa3, and ncoa4, in the AR pathway and of er2a and er2b genes in the ER pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Zhiyuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Nanyang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Guanyong Su
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - John P Giesy
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China; Toxicology Centre and Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada; School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Hongxia Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Parolini M, Bini L, Magni S, Rizzo A, Ghilardi A, Landi C, Armini A, Del Giacco L, Binelli A. Exposure to cocaine and its main metabolites altered the protein profile of zebrafish embryos. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 232:603-614. [PMID: 28993024 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.09.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Illicit drugs have been identified as emerging aquatic pollutants because of their widespread presence in freshwaters and potential toxicity towards aquatic organisms. Among illicit drug residues, cocaine (COC) and its main metabolites, namely benzoylecgonine (BE) and ecgonine methyl ester (EME), are commonly detected in freshwaters worldwide at concentration that can induce diverse adverse effects to non-target organisms. However, the information of toxicity and mechanisms of action (MoA) of these drugs, mainly of COC metabolites, to aquatic species is still fragmentary and inadequate. Thus, this study was aimed at investigating the toxicity of two concentrations (0.3 and 1.0 μg/L) of COC, BE and EME similar to those found in aquatic ecosystems on zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos at 96 h post fertilization through a functional proteomics approach. Exposure to COC and both its metabolites significantly altered the protein profile of zebrafish embryos, modulating the expression of diverse proteins belonging to different functional classes, including cytoskeleton, eye constituents, lipid transport, lipid and energy metabolism, and stress response. Expression of vitellogenins and crystallins was modulated by COC and both its main metabolites, while only BE and EME altered proteins related to lipid and energy metabolism, as well as to oxidative stress response. Our data confirmed the potential toxicity of low concentrations of COC, BE and EME, and helped to shed light on their MoA on an aquatic vertebrate during early developmental period.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Parolini
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, via Celoria 2, I-20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Luca Bini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Stefano Magni
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, via Celoria 26, I-20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Rizzo
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, via Celoria 2, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Anna Ghilardi
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, via Celoria 26, I-20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Landi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Alessandro Armini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Luca Del Giacco
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, via Celoria 26, I-20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Binelli
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, via Celoria 26, I-20133 Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Pirro V, Guffey SC, Sepúlveda MS, Mahapatra CT, Ferreira CR, Jarmusch AK, Cooks RG. Lipid dynamics in zebrafish embryonic development observed by DESI-MS imaging and nanoelectrospray-MS. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2017; 12:2069-79. [PMID: 27120110 DOI: 10.1039/c6mb00168h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The zebrafish Danio rerio is a model vertebrate organism for understanding biological mechanisms. Recent studies have explored using zebrafish as a model for lipid-related diseases, for in vivo fish bioassays, and for embryonic toxicity experiments. Mass spectrometry (MS) and MS imaging are established tools for lipid profiling and spatial mapping of biomolecules and offer rapid, sensitive, and simple analytical protocols for zebrafish analysis. When ambient ionization techniques are used, ions are generated in native environmental conditions, requiring neither sample preparation nor separation of molecules prior to MS. We used two direct MS techniques to describe the dynamics of the lipid profile during zebrafish embryonic development from 0 to 96 hours post-fertilization and to explore these analytical approaches as molecular diagnostic assays. Desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) MS imaging followed by nanoelectrospray (nESI) MS and tandem MS (MS/MS) were used in positive and negative ion modes, allowing the detection of a large variety of phosphatidylglycerols, phosphatidylcholines, phosphatidylinositols, free fatty acids, triacylglycerols, ubiquinone, squalene, and other lipids, and revealed information on the spatial distributions of lipids within the embryo and on lipid molecular structure. Differences were observed in the relative ion abundances of free fatty acids, triacylglycerols, and ubiquinone - essentially localized to the yolk - across developmental stages, whereas no relevant differences were found in the distribution of complex membrane glycerophospholipids, indicating conserved lipid constitution. Embryos exposed to trichloroethylene for 72 hours exhibited an altered lipid profile, indicating the potential utility of this technique for testing the effects of environmental contaminants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Pirro
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Analytical Instrumentation Development, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - S C Guffey
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
| | - M S Sepúlveda
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
| | - C T Mahapatra
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
| | - C R Ferreira
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Analytical Instrumentation Development, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA and Metabolite Profiling Facility, Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - A K Jarmusch
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Analytical Instrumentation Development, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - R G Cooks
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Analytical Instrumentation Development, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Babaheydari SB, Keyvanshokooh S, Dorafshan S, Johari SA. Modifications in the proteome of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) embryo and fry as an effect of triploidy induction. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2017; 43:579-589. [PMID: 27848040 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-016-0312-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE), matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization tandem time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF/TOF) mass spectrometry, and database searching were used to analyze the effects of triploidization heat shock treatment on protein expression in rainbow trout eyed embryo and fry. After fertilization, the eggs were incubated at 10 °C for 10 min. Half of the eggs were then subjected to heat shock for 10 min submerged in a 28 °C water bath to induce triploidy. The remainder was incubated normally and used as diploid controls. Specimens of eyed embryos and fry were taken on 18 and 76 days post-fertilization, respectively. In the eyed embryo extracts, seven protein spots were significantly changed in abundance between the control and heat-shocked groups and one of these was decreased while the others were increased in the heat shock-treated group. Of the spots that were shown to change in abundance in the eyed embryos with heat shock treatment, two were identified as vitellogenin, while the others were creatine kinase and angiotensin I. In the 2-DE from the fry muscle extraction, 23 spots were significantly changed in abundance between the diploid and triploid groups. Nineteen of these showed a decreased abundance in diploids, while the remaining four spots had an increased abundance. Triploidization caused differential expression of muscle metabolic proteins including triosephosphate isomerase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, and beta-enolase. Myosin heavy chain as a structural protein was also found to change in abundance in triploids. The altered expression of both structural and metabolic proteins in triploids was consistent with their increased cell size and lower growth performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samad Bahrami Babaheydari
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Marine Natural Resources, Khorramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology, Khorramshahr, Khouzestan, Iran
| | - Saeed Keyvanshokooh
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Marine Natural Resources, Khorramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology, Khorramshahr, Khouzestan, Iran.
| | - Salar Dorafshan
- Department of Natural Resources, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Seyed Ali Johari
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Kurdistan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Eb-Levadoux Y, Frelon S, Simon O, Arnaudguilhem C, Lobinski R, Mounicou S. In vivo identification of potential uranium protein targets in zebrafish ovaries after chronic waterborne exposure. Metallomics 2017; 9:525-534. [DOI: 10.1039/c6mt00291a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
15
|
Babaheydari SB, Keyvanshokooh S, Dorafshan S, Johari SA. Effects of tetraploidy induction on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum, 1792) proteome at early stages of development. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART D, GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2016; 20:57-64. [PMID: 27561891 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of tetraploidy induction on proteome of rainbow trout during the early stages of development. After insemination, the eggs were incubated at 10°C for 350min. Thereafter, half of the eggs were exposed to a heat-shock of 28°C for 10min. The remainder were incubated normally and used as diploid controls. Fertilized egg specimens were selected 390min post-fertilization. Samples corresponding respectively to eyed embryos and fry stages were also taken on days 18 and 76 post-fertilization. Based on two-dimensional electrophoresis, all spots that were found to differ significantly in abundance between the untreated and heat-shock treated groups were selected for identification using MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry. Out of 19 protein spots showing altered abundance in the present study, 13 spots were successfully identified. Of the spots that were shown to change in abundance in the fertilized eggs with heat-shock treatment, three were identified as vitellogenin (spots 1, 2 and 3); while the others were creatine kinase (spot 5) and nucleoside diphosphate kinase (spot 6). All of the proteins identified in the embryos were related to vitellogenin (spots 8, 12 and 13). Among the identified spots from the fry muscle extracts, two were identified as beta-globin (spots 14 and 17); while the others were parvalbumin (spots 15 and 16) and creatine kinase (spot 19). The results obtained in our study may now set the ground for investigations on gene regulation and proteome modifications in polyploid fish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samad Bahrami Babaheydari
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Marine Natural Resources, Khorramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology, Khorramshahr, Khouzestan, Iran
| | - Saeed Keyvanshokooh
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Marine Natural Resources, Khorramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology, Khorramshahr, Khouzestan, Iran.
| | - Salar Dorafshan
- Department of Natural Resources, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Seyed Ali Johari
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Kurdistan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Beyond the survival and death of the deltamethrin-threatened pollen beetle Meligethes aeneus: An in-depth proteomic study employing a transcriptome database. J Proteomics 2016; 150:281-289. [PMID: 27705816 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2016.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 09/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Insecticide resistance is an increasingly global problem that hampers pest control. We sought the mechanism responsible for survival following pyrethroid treatment and the factors connected to paralysis/death of the pollen beetle Meligethes aeneus through a proteome-level analysis using nanoLC coupled with Orbitrap Fusion™ Tribrid™ mass spectrometry. A tolerant field population of beetles was treated with deltamethrin, and the ensuing proteome changes were observed in the survivors (resistant), dead (paralyzed) and control-treated beetles. The protein database consisted of the translated transcriptome, and the resulting changes were manually annotated via BLASTP. We identified a number of high-abundance changes in which there were several dominant proteins, e.g., the electron carrier cytochrome b5, ribosomal proteins 60S RPL28, 40S RPS23 and RPS26, eIF4E-transporter, anoxia up-regulated protein, 2 isoforms of vitellogenin and pathogenesis-related protein 5. Deltamethrin detoxification was influenced by different cytochromes P450, which were likely boosted by increased cytochrome b5, but glutathione-S-transferase ε and UDP-glucuronosyltransferases also contributed. Moreover, we observed changes in proteins related to RNA interference, RNA binding and epigenetic modifications. The high changes in ribosomal proteins and associated factors suggest specific control of translation. Overall, we showed modulation of expression processes by epigenetic markers, alternative splicing and translation. Future functional studies will benefit. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE Insects develop pesticide resistance, which has become one of the key issues in plant protection. This growing resistance increases the demand for pesticide applications and the development of new substances. Knowledge in the field regarding the resistance mechanism and its responses to pesticide treatment provides us the opportunity to propose a solution for this issue. Although the pollen beetle Meligethes aeneus was effectively controlled with pyrethroids for many years, there have been reports of increasing resistance. We show protein changes including production of isoforms in response to deltamethrin at the protein level. These results illustrate the insect's survival state as a resistant beetle and in its paralyzed state (evaluated as dead) relative to resistant individuals.
Collapse
|
17
|
Babaheydari SB, Keyvanshokooh S, Dorafshan S, Johari SA. Proteome changes in rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) fertilized eggs as an effect of triploidization heat-shock treatment. Anim Reprod Sci 2016; 166:116-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2016.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 12/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
18
|
Vale G, Mehennaoui K, Cambier S, Libralato G, Jomini S, Domingos RF. Manufactured nanoparticles in the aquatic environment-biochemical responses on freshwater organisms: A critical overview. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 170:162-174. [PMID: 26655660 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2015.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The enormous investments in nanotechnology have led to an exponential increase of new manufactured nano-enabled materials whose impact in the aquatic systems is still largely unknown. Ecotoxicity and nanosafety studies mostly resulted in contradictory results and generally failed to clearly identify biological patterns that could be related specifically to nanotoxicity. Generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is one of the most discussed nanotoxicity mechanism in literature. ROS can induce oxidative stress (OS), resulting in cyto- and genotoxicity. The ROS overproduction can trigger the induction of anti-oxidant enzymes such as catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidases (GPx), which are used as biomarkers of response. A critical overview of the biochemical responses induced by the presence of NPs on freshwater organisms is performed with a strong interest on indicators of ROS and general stress. A special focus will be given to the NPs transformations, including aggregation, and dissolution, in the exposure media and the produced biochemical endpoints.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gonçalo Vale
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Torre Sul Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Harry Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
| | - Kahina Mehennaoui
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Belvaux, Luxembourg.
| | - Sebastien Cambier
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Belvaux, Luxembourg.
| | - Giovanni Libralato
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, University Ca' Foscari Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Mestre, Venice, Italy.
| | - Stéphane Jomini
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environements Continentaux (LIEC), Université de Lorraine, UMR 7360, Campus Bridoux rue du Général Delestraint, 57070 Metz, France.
| | - Rute F Domingos
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Torre Sul Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR CNRS 7154, Université Paris Diderot, 75205 Paris Cedex 05, France.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ma Z, Yu Y, Tang S, Liu H, Su G, Xie Y, Giesy JP, Hecker M, Yu H. Differential modulation of expression of nuclear receptor mediated genes by tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBOEP) on early life stages of zebrafish (Danio rerio). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2015; 169:196-203. [PMID: 26562049 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2015.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
As one substitute for phased-out brominated flame retardants (BFRs), tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBOEP) is frequently detected in aquatic organisms. However, knowledge about endocrine disrupting mechanisms associated with nuclear receptors caused by TBOEP remained restricted to results from in vitro studies with mammalian cells. In the study, results of which are presented here, embryos/larvae of zebrafish (Danio rerio) were exposed to 0.02, 0.1 or 0.5μM TBOEP to investigate expression of genes under control of several nuclear hormone receptors (estrogen receptors (ERs), androgen receptor (AR), thyroid hormone receptor alpha (TRα), mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), glucocorticoid receptor (GR), aryl hydrocarbon (AhR), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα), and pregnane×receptor (P×R)) pathways at 120hpf. Exposure to 0.5μM TBOEP significantly (p<0.05, one-way analysis of variance) up-regulated expression of estrogen receptors (ERs, er1, er2a, and er2b) genes and ER-associated genes (vtg4, vtg5, pgr, ncor, and ncoa3), indicating TBOEP modulates the ER pathway. In contrast, expression of most genes (mr, 11βhsd, ube2i,and adrb2b) associated with the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) pathway were significantly down-regulated. Furthermore, in vitro mammalian cell-based (MDA-kb2 and H4IIE-luc) receptor transactivation assays, were also conducted to investigate possible agonistic or antagonistic effects on AR- and AhR-mediated pathways. In mammalian cells, none of these pathways were affected by TBOEP at the concentrations studied. Receptor-mediated responses (in vivo) and mammalian cell lines receptor binding assay (in vitro) combined with published information suggest that TBOEP can modulate receptor-mediated, endocrine process (in vivo/in vitro), particularly ER and MR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China.
| | - Yijun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China.
| | - Song Tang
- School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada
| | - Hongling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China.
| | - Guanyong Su
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Yuwei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - John P Giesy
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China; Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada; Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada; Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Markus Hecker
- School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada; Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada
| | - Hongxia Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Rahlouni F, Szarka S, Shulaev V, Prokai L. A Survey of the Impact of Deyolking on Biological Processes Covered by Shotgun Proteomic Analyses of Zebrafish Embryos. Zebrafish 2015; 12:398-407. [PMID: 26439676 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2015.1121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Deyolking, the removal of the most abundant protein from the zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryo, is a common technique for in-depth exploration of proteome-level changes in vivo due to various environmental stressors or pharmacological impacts during embryonic stage of development. However, the effect of this procedure on the remaining proteome has not been fully studied. Here, we report a label-free shotgun proteomics survey on proteome coverage and biological processes that are enriched and depleted as a result of deyolking. Enriched proteins are involved in cellular energetics and development pathways, specifically implicating enrichment related to mitochondrial function. Although few proteins were removed completely by deyolking, depleted molecular pathways were associated with calcium signaling and signaling events implicating immune system response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Rahlouni
- 1 Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center , Fort Worth, Texas
| | - Szabolcs Szarka
- 1 Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center , Fort Worth, Texas
| | - Vladimir Shulaev
- 2 Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas , Denton, Texas
| | - Laszlo Prokai
- 1 Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center , Fort Worth, Texas
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Petushkova NA, Kuznetsova GP, Larina OV, Kisrieva YS, Samenkova NF, Trifonova OP, Miroshnichenko YV, Zolotarev KV, Karuzina II, Ipatova OM, Lisitsa AV. One-dimensional proteomic profiling of Danio rerio embryo vitellogenin to estimate quantum dot toxicity. Proteome Sci 2015; 13:17. [PMID: 25964724 PMCID: PMC4426544 DOI: 10.1186/s12953-015-0072-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitellogenin (Vtg) is the major egg yolk protein (YP) in most oviparous species and may be useful as an indicator in ecotoxicological testing at the biochemical level. In this study, we obtained detailed information about the Vtgs of Danio rerio embryos by cutting SDS-PAGE gel lanes into thin slices, and analyzing them slice-by-slice with (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry. RESULTS We conducted three proteomic analyses, comparing embryonic Danio rerio Vtg cleavage products after exposure for 48 h to CdSecore/ZnSshell quantum dots (QDs), after exposure to a mixture of the components used for quantum dot synthesis (MCS-QDs), and in untreated embryos. The Vtg mass spectrometric profiles of the QDs-treated embryos differed from those of the unexposed or MCS-QDs-treated embryos. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates the possible utility of Vtg profiling in D. rerio embryos as a sensitive diagnostic tool to estimate nanoparticle toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia A Petushkova
- />Orekhovich Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 119121, Pogodinskaya St. 10, Moscow, Russia
- />Postgen Tech LLC, 119121, Pogodinskaya St. 10, Moscow, Russia
| | - Galina P Kuznetsova
- />Orekhovich Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 119121, Pogodinskaya St. 10, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olesya V Larina
- />Orekhovich Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 119121, Pogodinskaya St. 10, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yulia S Kisrieva
- />Orekhovich Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 119121, Pogodinskaya St. 10, Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia F Samenkova
- />Orekhovich Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 119121, Pogodinskaya St. 10, Moscow, Russia
| | - Oxana P Trifonova
- />Orekhovich Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 119121, Pogodinskaya St. 10, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Konstantin V Zolotarev
- />Orekhovich Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 119121, Pogodinskaya St. 10, Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina I Karuzina
- />Orekhovich Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 119121, Pogodinskaya St. 10, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga M Ipatova
- />Orekhovich Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 119121, Pogodinskaya St. 10, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey V Lisitsa
- />Orekhovich Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 119121, Pogodinskaya St. 10, Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Rainville LC, Coelho AV, Sheehan D. Application of a redox-proteomics toolbox to Daphnia magna challenged with model pro-oxidants copper and paraquat. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2015; 34:84-91. [PMID: 25263122 DOI: 10.1002/etc.2761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The redox status of cells is involved in the regulation of several cellular stress-response pathways. It is frequently altered by xenobiotics, as well as by environmental stressors. As such, there is an increasing interest in understanding the redox status of proteins in different scenarios. Recent advances in proteomics enable researchers to measure oxidative lesions in a wide range of proteins. This opens the door to the sensitive detection of toxicity targets and helps decipher the molecular impact of pollutants and environmental stressors. The present study applies the measurement of protein carbonyls, the most common oxidative lesion of proteins, to gel-based proteomics in Daphnia magna. Daphnids were exposed to copper and paraquat, 2 well-known pro-oxidants. Catalase activity was decreased by paraquat, whereas global measurement of protein carbonyls and thiols indicated no change with treatment. Despite the absence of observed oxidative stress, 2-dimensional electrophoresis of the daphnid proteins and measurement of their carbonylation status revealed that 32 features were significantly affected by the treatments, showing higher sensitivity than single measurements. Identified proteins affected by copper indicated a decrease in the heat-shock response, whereas paraquat affected glycolysis. The present study demonstrates the applicability of redox-proteomics in daphnids, and indicates that the heat-shock response plays a counterintuitive role in metal resistance in daphnids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Louis-Charles Rainville
- Proteomics Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Alli Shaik A, Wee S, Li RHX, Li Z, Carney TJ, Mathavan S, Gunaratne J. Functional Mapping of the Zebrafish Early Embryo Proteome and Transcriptome. J Proteome Res 2014; 13:5536-50. [DOI: 10.1021/pr5005136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Asfa Alli Shaik
- Institute
of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 61 Biopolis Drive, 138673, Singapore
| | - Sheena Wee
- Institute
of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 61 Biopolis Drive, 138673, Singapore
| | - Rachel Hai Xia Li
- Institute
of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 61 Biopolis Drive, 138673, Singapore
| | - Zhen Li
- Genome
Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 60 Biopolis Street, 138672, Singapore
| | - Tom J. Carney
- Institute
of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 61 Biopolis Drive, 138673, Singapore
- Lee
Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang
Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Sinnakaruppan Mathavan
- Genome
Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 60 Biopolis Street, 138672, Singapore
| | - Jayantha Gunaratne
- Institute
of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 61 Biopolis Drive, 138673, Singapore
- Lee
Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang
Avenue, 639798, Singapore
- Department
of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 10 Medical Drive, 117597, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Rainville LC, Carolan D, Varela AC, Doyle H, Sheehan D. Proteomic evaluation of citrate-coated silver nanoparticles toxicity in Daphnia magna. Analyst 2014; 139:1678-86. [PMID: 24482795 DOI: 10.1039/c3an02160b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Recent decades have seen a strong increase in the promise and uses of nanotechnology. This is correlated with their growing release in the environment and there is concern that nanomaterials may endanger ecosystems. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have some of the most varied applications, making their release into the environment unavoidable. In order to assess their potential toxicity in aquatic environments, the acute toxicity of citrate-coated AgNPs to Daphnia magna was measured and compared to that of AgNO3. AgNPs were found to be ten times less toxic by mass than silver ions, and most of this toxicity was removed by ultracentrifuging. At the protein level, the two forms of silver had different impacts. Both increased protein thiol content, while only AgNP increased carbonyl levels. In 2DE of samples labelled for carbonyls, no feature was significantly affected by both compounds, indicating different modes of toxicity. Identified proteins showed functional overlap between the two compounds: vitellogenins (vtg) were present in most features identified, indicating their role as a general stress sensor. In addition to vtg, hemoglobin levels were increased by the AgNP exposure while 14-3-3 protein (a regulatory protein) carbonylation levels were reduced by AgNO3. Overall, this study confirms the previously observed lower acute toxicity of AgNPs, while demonstrating that the toxicity of both forms of silver follow somewhat different biologic pathways, potentially leading to different interactions with natural compounds or pollutants in the aquatic environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Louis-Charles Rainville
- Proteomics Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Western Gateway Building 3.99, Western Road, Cork, Ireland.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Rhee JS, Lee JS. Whole genome data for omics-based research on the self-fertilizing fish Kryptolebias marmoratus. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2014; 85:532-541. [PMID: 24759509 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Revised: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Genome resources have advantages for understanding diverse areas such as biological patterns and functioning of organisms. Omics platforms are useful approaches for the study of organs and organisms. These approaches can be powerful screening tools for whole genome, proteome, and metabolome profiling, and can be used to understand molecular changes in response to internal and external stimuli. This methodology has been applied successfully in freshwater model fish such as the zebrafish Danio rerio and the Japanese medaka Oryzias latipes in research areas such as basic physiology, developmental biology, genetics, and environmental biology. However, information is still scarce about model fish that inhabit brackish water or seawater. To develop the self-fertilizing killifish Kryptolebias marmoratus as a potential model species with unique characteristics and research merits, we obtained genomic information about K. marmoratus. We address ways to use these data for genome-based molecular mechanistic studies. We review the current state of genome information on K. marmoratus to initiate omics approaches. We evaluate the potential applications of integrated omics platforms for future studies in environmental science, developmental biology, and biomedical research. We conclude that information about the K. marmoratus genome will provide a better understanding of the molecular functions of genes, proteins, and metabolites that are involved in the biological functions of this species. Omics platforms, particularly combined technologies that make effective use of bioinformatics, will provide powerful tools for hypothesis-driven investigations and discovery-driven discussions on diverse aspects of this species and on fish and vertebrates in general.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Sung Rhee
- Department of Marine Science, College of Natural Science, Incheon National University, Incheon 406-772, South Korea
| | - Jae-Seong Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Han Z, Wang Q, Fu J, Chen H, Zhao Y, Zhou B, Gong Z, Wei S, Li J, Liu H, Zhang X, Liu C, Yu H. Multiple bio-analytical methods to reveal possible molecular mechanisms of developmental toxicity in zebrafish embryos/larvae exposed to tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2014; 150:175-181. [PMID: 24685621 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2014.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2013] [Revised: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The flame retardant tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBEP) is a frequently detected contaminant in the environment, wildlife and human milk. The potentially toxic effects of TBEP and their underlying molecular mechanisms have not been elucidated. Here, zebrafish embryos were exposed to different concentrations of TBEP from 4 hours of post-fertilization (hpf) to 120 hpf, and effects on embryonic development and global protein expression patterns examined. Our results demonstrate that treatment with TBEP (0.8-100mg/L) causes a concentration- and time-dependent decrease in embryonic survival and the hatching percentage. The median lethal concentration was 10.7 mg/L at 120 hpf. Furthermore, exposure to 150 or 800 μg/L TBEP inhibited the degradation and utilization of vitellogenins and down-regulated the expression of proteins related to cation binding, and lipid transport, uptake and metabolism, accompanied by a decrease in heart rate and body length. Exposure to TBEP (150 or 800 μg/L) also decreased the expression of proteins involved in cell proliferation and DNA repair, and led to an increased number of apoptotic cells in the tail region. Collectively, our results suggest that exposure to TBEP causes toxicity in the developing zebrafish by inhibiting the degradation and utilization of nutrients from the mother and inducing apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Han
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse & School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qiangwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jie Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse & School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hongshan Chen
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of the Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ye Zhao
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bingsheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Zhiyuan Gong
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Si Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse & School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse & School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hongling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse & School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse & School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chunsheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse & School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore; College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Hongxia Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse & School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Effects of Fullerene C60 on Proteomic Profile of Danio Rerio Fish Embryos. Bull Exp Biol Med 2014; 156:694-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s10517-014-2427-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2012] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
28
|
Early developmental toxicity of saxitoxin on medaka (Oryzias melastigma) embryos. Toxicon 2014; 77:16-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2013.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
29
|
Li M, Leatherland JF. The interaction between maternal stress and the ontogeny of the innate immune system during teleost embryogenesis: implications for aquaculture practice. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2012; 81:1793-1814. [PMID: 23130684 DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2012.03447.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The barrier defences and acellular innate immune proteins play critical roles during the early-stage fish embryos prior to the development of functional organ systems. The innate immune proteins in the yolk of embryos are of maternal origin. Maternal stress affects the maternal-to-embryo transfer of these proteins and, therefore, environmental stressors may change the course of embryo development, including embryonic immunocompetency, via their deleterious effect on maternal physiology. This review focuses on the associations that exist between maternal stress, maternal endocrine disturbance and the responses of the acellular innate immune proteins of early-stage fish embryos. Early-stage teleostean embryos are dependent upon the adult female for the formation of the zona pellucida as an essential barrier defence, for their supply of nutrients, and for the innate immunity proteins and antibodies that are transferred from the maternal circulation to the oocytes; maternally derived hormones are also transferred, some of which (such as cortisol) are known to exert a suppressive action on some aspects of the immune defences. This review summarizes what is known about the effects of oocyte cortisol content on the immune system components in early embryos. The review also examines recent evidence that embryonic cells during early cleavage have the capacity to respond to increased maternal cortisol transfer; this emphasizes the importance of maternal and early immune competence on the later life of fishes, both in the wild and in intensive culture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Li
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Gündel U, Kalkhof S, Zitzkat D, von Bergen M, Altenburger R, Küster E. Concentration-response concept in ecotoxicoproteomics: effects of different phenanthrene concentrations to the zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryo proteome. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2012; 76:11-22. [PMID: 22062151 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2011.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2011] [Revised: 08/16/2011] [Accepted: 10/08/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Concentration-response experiments, based on the testing of less replicates in favour of more exposure concentrations, represent the typical design of choice applied in toxicological and ecotoxicological effect assessment studies using traditional endpoints such as lethality. However, to our knowledge this concept has not found implementation in the increasingly applied OMICS techniques studying thousands of molecular endpoints at the same time. The present study is among the first applying the concentration-response concept for an ecotoxicoproteomics study. The effects of six different concentrations in the low effect range (<LC₂₀) of the PAH phenanthrene to the proteome of the ecotoxicological vertebrate model zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryo were investigated (two replicates per concentration) after 5 days exposure. Proteomics analyses were performed on organism extracts using 2-DE DIGE. Protein abundance profiles of around 713 protein spots were studied. About one-third of the protein signals could be detected to show robust reactions correlating with stressor concentration. Within this group, 65 protein signals showed significant changes compared to controls already at 1% lethal concentration (LC₀₁). Interestingly, 28 proteins significantly reacted at very low concentrations (<LC₀₁) and showed an exposure concentration dependent regulation status. Characteristic protein spots were identified by mass spectrometry. With the results of the present study the utility and several benefits using a concentration-response approach in proteomics studies could be shown. These included (i) knowledge about and the ability to model concentration dependent dynamics of molecular endpoints, (ii) to gain information about sensitivity of the molecular response in comparison to traditional endpoints and (iii) to help selecting the most promising protein spots for further investigations such as protein identification and biomarker studies. Using this experimental design based on testing of several exposure concentrations and less replicates might provide a step forward in getting increased output from toxicoproteomics studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Gündel
- Department Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, UFZ Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Liu Y, Tam NFY, Guan Y, Yasojima M, Zhou J, Gao B. Acute toxicity of nonylphenols and bisphenol A to the embryonic development of the abalone Haliotis diversicolor supertexta. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2011; 20:1233-1245. [PMID: 21479784 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-011-0672-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/29/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Acute toxic effects and mechanisms of two typical endocrine disrupting chemicals, nonylphenols (NPs) and bisphenol A (BPA), to the embryonic development of the abalone Haliotis diversicolor supertexta, were investigated by the two-stage embryo toxicity test. The 12-h median effective concentrations (EC(50)) of NPs and BPA to the trochophore development were 1016.22 and 30.72 μg L(-1), respectively, and the respective 96-h EC(50) values based on the completion of metamorphosis (another experimental endpoint) were reduced to 11.65 and 1.02 μg L(-1). Longer exposure time and magnified exposure concentrations in the benthic diatom, that serves as both food source and settlement substrate during the metamorphosis, via bioaccumulation, led to the higher sensitivity of metamorphosis to target EDCs compared with the trochophore development. The hazard concentrations for 5% of the species (HC(5)) could be employed as the safety thresholds for the embryonic development of the abalone. The 12-h HC(5) values of NPs and BPA were 318.68 and 13.93 μg L(-1), respectively, and the respective 96-h HC(5) values were 0.99 and 0.18 μg L(-1), which were at environmentally relevant levels. Results of proteomic responses revealed that NPs and BPA altered various functional proteins in the abalone larvae with slight differences between each chemical and affected various physiological functions, such as energy and substance metabolism, cell signalling, formation of cytoskeleton and cilium, immune and stress responses at the same time, leading to the failure of metamorphosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Research Center of Environmental Engineering and Management, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
The zebrafish embryo model in toxicology and teratology, September 2–3, 2010, Karlsruhe, Germany. Reprod Toxicol 2011; 31:585-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2011.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
33
|
Beliaeva NF, Kashirtseva VN, Medvedeva NV, Khudoklinova II, Ipatova OM, Archakov AI. [Zebrafish as a model organism for biomedical studies]. BIOMEDIT︠S︡INSKAI︠A︡ KHIMII︠A︡ 2011; 56:120-31. [PMID: 21328916 DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20105601120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) are now firmly established as a powerful research model for many areas of biology and medicine. Here, we review some achievements of zebrafish-based assays for modeling human diseases and for drug discovery and development. For drug discovery, zebrafish are especially valuable in the earlier stages of research as they provide a model organism to demonstrate a new treatment's efficacy and toxicity before more costly mammalian models are used. This review provides examples of compounds known to be toxic to humans that have been demonstrated to functional similarly in zebrafish. Major advantages of zebrafish embryons are that they are readily permeable to small molecules added to their incubation medium and the transparent chorion enables the easy observation of development. Assay of acute toxicity (LC50 estimation) in embryos can also include the screening for developmental disorders as an indicator of teratogenic effects. We used zebrafish for toxicity testing of new drugs on the base of phospholipid nanoparticles. The organization of the genome and the pathways controlling signal transduction appear to be highly conserved between zebrafish and humans that allow using zebrafish for modeling of human diseases some examples of which are illustrated in this paper.
Collapse
|
34
|
Delvecchio C, Tiefenbach J, Krause HM. The zebrafish: a powerful platform for in vivo, HTS drug discovery. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2011; 9:354-61. [PMID: 21309713 DOI: 10.1089/adt.2010.0346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is an emerging vertebrate model for drug discovery that permits whole animal drug screens with excellent throughput, combined with ease of use and low cost. This review will begin with a discussion on the background, suitability, and advantages of this vertebrate model system and then, citing specific examples, will describe the utility of zebrafish at specific stages in the drug development pipeline. We will end with a synopsis of recent drug screens based on morphological disruptions, genetic disease models, fluorescent markers, behavioral changes, and specific targets. The numerous advantages of this whole animal approach provide new promise for the discovery of safe, specific, and powerful new drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chris Delvecchio
- Banting and Best Department of Medical Research, Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Canada
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Sanchez BC, Ralston-Hooper K, Sepúlveda MS. Review of recent proteomic applications in aquatic toxicology. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2011; 30:274-282. [PMID: 21072841 DOI: 10.1002/etc.402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decade, the environmental sciences have witnessed an incredible movement towards the utilization of high-throughput molecular tools that are capable of detecting simultaneous changes of hundreds, and even thousands, of molecules and molecular components after exposure of organisms to different environmental stressors. These techniques have received a great deal of attention because they not only offer the potential to unravel novel mechanisms of physiological and toxic action but are also amenable to the discovery of biomarkers of exposure and effects. In this article, we review the state of knowledge of one of these tools in ecotoxicological research: proteomics. We summarize the state of proteomics research in fish, and follow with studies conducted with aquatic invertebrates. A brief discussion on proteomic methods is also presented. We conclude with some ideas for future proteomic studies with fish and aquatic invertebrates.
Collapse
|
36
|
Tomanek L. Environmental proteomics: changes in the proteome of marine organisms in response to environmental stress, pollutants, infection, symbiosis, and development. ANNUAL REVIEW OF MARINE SCIENCE 2011; 3:373-99. [PMID: 21329210 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-marine-120709-142729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Environmental proteomics, the study of changes in the abundance of proteins and their post-translational modifications, has become a powerful tool for generating hypotheses regarding how the environment affects the biology of marine organisms. Proteomics discovers hitherto unknown cellular effects of environmental stressors such as changes in thermal, osmotic, and anaerobic conditions. Proteomic analyses have advanced the characterization of the biological effects of pollutants and identified comprehensive and pollutant-specific sets of biomarkers, especially those highlighting post-translational modifications. Proteomic analyses of infected organisms have highlighted the broader changes occurring during immune responses and how the same pathways are attenuated during the maintenance of symbiotic relationships. Finally, proteomic changes occurring during the early life stages of marine organisms emphasize the importance of signaling events during development in a rapidly changing environment. Changes in proteins functioning in energy metabolism, cytoskeleton, protein stabilization and turnover, oxidative stress, and signaling are common responses to environmental change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lars Tomanek
- California Polytechnic State University, Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Coastal Marine Sciences, Environmental Proteomics Laboratory, San Luis Obispo, California 93407-0401, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Zucchi S, Blüthgen N, Ieronimo A, Fent K. The UV-absorber benzophenone-4 alters transcripts of genes involved in hormonal pathways in zebrafish (Danio rerio) eleuthero-embryos and adult males. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2011; 250:137-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2010.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2010] [Revised: 09/30/2010] [Accepted: 10/02/2010] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
38
|
Easy RH, Ross NW. Changes in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar mucus components following short- and long-term handling stress. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2010; 77:1616-1631. [PMID: 21078022 DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2010.02796.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
This study examined changes in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar epidermal mucus proteins following short- and long-term handling stress. Short-term stress consisted of a single removal of fish from water for 15 s with long-term stress consisting of daily removal of fish from water for 15 s over 21 days. In the long-term handling stress study, there was a high level of individual variability with respect to mucus alkaline phosphatase, cathepsin B and lysozyme activities, with no correlation to treatment group. There was limited or no positive correlation between lysozyme, cathepsin B or alkaline phosphatase activities and plasma cortisol. There was a significant difference in lysozyme activity for both control and stressed fish at day 21 compared to other sampling days. In the short-term study, there was again high variability in mucus enzyme activities with no difference observed between groups. Immunoblotting also showed variability in mucus actin breakdown products in both short- and long-term handling stress studies. There appeared, however, to be a shift towards a more thorough breakdown of actin at day 14 in the stressed group. This shift suggested changes in mucus proteases in response to long-term handling stress. In summary, there were correlations of some mucus enzyme/protein profiles with stress or cortisol; however, the variability in S. salar mucus enzyme levels and actin fragmentation patterns suggested other triggers for inducing changes in mucus protein composition that need to be investigated further in order to better understand the role of mucus in the response of S. salar to external stressors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R H Easy
- National Research Council-Institute for Marine Biosciences, 1411 Oxford St, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 3Z1, Canada.
| | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Proteomic Signatures of the Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Embryo: Sensitivity and Specificity in Toxicity Assessment of Chemicals. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PROTEOMICS 2010; 2010:630134. [PMID: 22084678 PMCID: PMC3200224 DOI: 10.1155/2010/630134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2010] [Revised: 05/26/2010] [Accepted: 07/19/2010] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Studies using embryos of the zebrafish Danio rerio (DarT) instead of adult fish for characterising the (eco-) toxic potential of chemicals have been proposed as animal replacing methods. Effect analysis at the molecular level might enhance sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value of the embryonal studies. The present paper aimed to test the potential of toxicoproteomics with zebrafish eleutheroembryos for sensitive and specific toxicity assessment. 2-DE-based toxicoproteomics was performed applying low-dose (EC10) exposure for 48 h with three-model substances Rotenone, 4,6-dinitro-o-cresol (DNOC) and Diclofenac. By multivariate “pattern-only” PCA and univariate statistical analyses, alterations in the embryonal proteome were detectable in nonetheless visibly intact organisms and treatment with the three substances was distinguishable at the molecular level. Toxicoproteomics enabled the enhancement of sensitivity and specificity of the embryonal toxicity assay and bear the potency to identify protein markers serving as general stress markers and early diagnosis of toxic stress.
Collapse
|
40
|
Sukardi H, Ung CY, Gong Z, Lam SH. Incorporating zebrafish omics into chemical biology and toxicology. Zebrafish 2010; 7:41-52. [PMID: 20384484 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2009.0636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In this communication, we describe the general aspects of omics approaches for analyses of transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome, and how they can be strategically incorporated into chemical screening and perturbation studies using the zebrafish system. Pharmacological efficacy and selectivity of chemicals can be evaluated based on chemical-induced phenotypic effects; however, phenotypic observation has limitations in identifying mechanistic action of chemicals. We suggest adapting gene-expression-based high-throughput screening as a complementary strategy to zebrafish-phenotype-based screening for mechanistic insights about the mode of action and toxicity of a chemical, large-scale predictive applications and comparative analysis of chemical-induced omics signatures, which are useful to identify conserved biological responses, signaling pathways, and biomarkers. The potential mechanistic, predictive, and comparative applications of omics approaches can be implemented in the zebrafish system. Examples of these using the omics approaches in zebrafish, including data of ours and others, are presented and discussed. Omics also facilitates the translatability of zebrafish studies across species through comparison of conserved chemical-induced responses. This review is intended to update interested readers with the current omics approaches that have been applied in chemical studies on zebrafish and their potential in enhancing discovery in chemical biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hendrian Sukardi
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Forné I, Abián J, Cerdà J. Fish proteome analysis: Model organisms and non-sequenced species. Proteomics 2009; 10:858-72. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200900609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
42
|
Belyaeva NF, Kashirtseva VN, Medvedeva NV, Khudoklinova YY, Ipatova OM, Archakov AI. Zebrafish as a model system for biomedical studies. BIOCHEMISTRY MOSCOW-SUPPLEMENT SERIES B-BIOMEDICAL CHEMISTRY 2009. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990750809040039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
43
|
Schreiber R, Altenburger R, Paschke A, Schüürmann G, Küster E. A novel in vitro system for the determination of bioconcentration factors and the internal dose in zebrafish (Danio rerio) eggs. CHEMOSPHERE 2009; 77:928-933. [PMID: 19751945 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2009] [Revised: 08/20/2009] [Accepted: 08/21/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In this study a novel in vitro approach for the determination of bioconcentration factors (BCF) and rate constants of lipophilic substances utilizing zebrafish (Danio rerio) eggs is presented. Zebrafish eggs were exposed in a static exposure regime towards a phenanthrene solution and concentration-time profiles of the exposure solutions were analyzed over time. The rate constants and the BCF were obtained from the concentration-time profile with the use of a least-square fit to a non-linear model. The determined BCF at steady-state (after 72h of exposure) for phenanthrene was estimated to be only about 1.5 times lower, than the respective BCF value reported in the literature. For uptake of solutes in zebrafish embryos, different transport processes are assumed as substances have to pass the chorion first and subsequently the membranes of the embryo. To investigate this, the period to steady-state concentration between zebrafish eggs and the ambient medium for phenanthrene under an agitated and non-agitated static exposure regime were compared. It was found, that this equilibrium was reached within a shorter time frame under agitation, resulting in higher rate constants. In addition to the determination of bioconcentration parameters, the internal phenanthrene dose in zebrafish eggs was determined by utilizing a biomimetic extraction method with water as transfer medium. Approximately 55% of the expected accumulated phenanthrene amount in zebrafish eggs could be re-extracted with a silicone rod extraction method. These results agree very well to what has been observed in abiotic systems. The scope of the proposed in vitro protocol to serve as an alternative for BCF determinations using established in vivo animal testing protocols with adult fish is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- René Schreiber
- UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Lin Y, Chen Y, Yang X, Xu D, Liang S. Proteome analysis of a single zebrafish embryo using three different digestion strategies coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Biochem 2009; 394:177-85. [PMID: 19643073 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2009.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2009] [Revised: 07/19/2009] [Accepted: 07/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Zebrafish is a powerful model to analyze vertebrate embryogenesis and organ development. Although a number of genes have been identified to specify embryonic development processes, only a few large-scale proteomic analyses have been reported in regard to these events to date. Here the total proteins of a single embryo were analyzed by urea-, sodium deoxycholate (SDC)-, and performic acid (PA)-assisted trypsin digestion strategies coupled to capillary liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (CapLC-MS/MS) identification. In total, 509 and 210 proteins were detected from the embryos at 72 and 120 hours postfertilization (hpf), respectively, with a false identification rate of less than 1%. Approximately 95% of those proteins could be observed by combining the urea- and SDC-assisted digestion strategies, suggesting that these two methods are more effective than the PA-assisted method. Compared with 0.5% SDC, 1% SDC was more effective to identify proteins in zebrafish embryos. In addition, removal of the predominant yolk proteins could significantly improve protein identification efficiency. Our study represents the first overview of the protein expression profile of a single zebrafish embryo at 72 or 120 hpf. More important, this single individual proteome methodology could be applied to multiple development stages of wide-type or mutant embryos, providing a simple and powerful way to further our understanding of embryonic development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Lin
- College of Life Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Shi X, Yeung LWY, Lam PKS, Wu RSS, Zhou B. Protein Profiles in Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Embryos Exposed to Perfluorooctane Sulfonate. Toxicol Sci 2009; 110:334-40. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfp111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
|
46
|
Choi J, Ha MH. Effect of cadmium exposure on the globin protein expression in 4th instar larvae of
Chironomus riparius
Mg. (Diptera: Chironomidae): An ecotoxicoproteomics approach. Proteomics 2008; 9:31-9. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200701197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
47
|
Scholz S, Fischer S, Gündel U, Küster E, Luckenbach T, Voelker D. The zebrafish embryo model in environmental risk assessment--applications beyond acute toxicity testing. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2008; 15:394-404. [PMID: 18575912 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-008-0018-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 395] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2007] [Accepted: 05/27/2008] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND, AIM, AND SCOPE The use of fish embryos is not regulated by current legislations on animal welfare and is therefore considered as a refinement, if not replacement of animal experiments. Fish embryos represent an attractive model for environmental risk assessment of chemicals since they offer the possibility to perform small-scale, high-throughput analyses. MAIN FEATURES Beyond their application for determining the acute toxicity, fish embryos are also excellent models for studies aimed at the understanding of toxic mechanisms and the indication of possible adverse and long-term effects. Therefore, we have reviewed the scientific literature in order to indicate alternative applications of the fish embryo model with focus on embryos of the zebrafish. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS The analysis of the mode of action is important for the risk assessment of environmental chemicals and can assist in indicating adverse and long-term effects. Toxicogenomics present a promising approach to unravel the potential mechanisms. Therefore, we present examples of the use of zebrafish embryos to study the effect of chemicals on gene and protein patterns, and the potential implications of differential expression for toxicity. The possible application of other methods, such as kinase arrays or metabolomic profiling, is also highlighted. Furthermore, we show examples of toxicokinetic studies (bioconcentration, ABC transporters) and discuss limitations that might be caused by the potential barrier function of the chorion. Finally, we demonstrate that biomarkers of endocrine disruption, immune modulation, genotoxicity or chronic toxicity could be used as indicators or predictors of sub-acute and long-term effects. CONCLUSIONS The zebrafish embryo represents a model with an impressive range of possible applications in environmental sciences. Particularly, the adaptation of molecular, system-wide approaches from biomedical research is likely to extend its use in ecotoxicology. RECOMMENDATIONS AND PERSPECTIVES Challenges for future research are (1) the identification of further suitable molecular markers as indicators of the mode of action, (2) the establishment of strong links between (molecular) effects in short-term assays in embryos and long-term (toxic) effects on individuals, (3) the definition of limitations of the model and (4) the development of tests that can be used for regulatory purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Scholz
- Department of Cell Toxicology, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|