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Arbildi P, Muniz-Lagos AC, Fernández E, Giorgi R, Wiater K, Mourglia-Ettlin G, Fernández V. Immunization with a Mu-class glutathione transferase from Echinococcus granulosus induces efficient antibody responses and confers long-term protection against secondary cystic echinococcosis. Microbes Infect 2024; 26:105364. [PMID: 38777107 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2024.105364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Cystic echinococcosis, a zoonosis caused by cestodes belonging to the Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (s.l.) genetic complex, affects humans and diverse livestock species. Although a veterinary vaccine exhibiting high levels of antibody-mediated protection has successfully reached the market, the large genetic diversity among parasite isolates and their particular host preferences, makes still necessary the search for novel vaccine candidates. Glutathione transferases (GSTs) constitute attractive targets for immunoprophylaxis due to their outstanding relevance in helminth detoxification processes, against both exogenous and endogenous stressors. Among the six GSTs known to be expressed in E. granulosus s.l., EgGST1 (Mu-class), EgGST2 (Sigma-class), and EgGST3 (a still non-classifiable isoenzyme), show the highest proteomic expression. Therefore, their recombinant forms -rEgGST1, rEgGST2 and rEgGST3- were herein analyzed regarding their potential to induce long-term antiparasite protection in mice. Only immunization with rEgGST1 induced long-lasting protection; and accordingly, rEgGST1-specific antibodies enhanced the parasite killing through both the classical activation of the host complement system and the antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity by macrophages. These results support further testing of rEgGST1 as a vaccine candidate in diverse hosts due to the broad expression of EgGST1 in different parasite stages and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Arbildi
- Área Inmunología, Departamento de Biociencias (DEPBIO), Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay; Unidad Asociada de Inmunología, Instituto de Química Biológica (IQB), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay; Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Higiene "Prof. Arnoldo Berta", Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Ana Clara Muniz-Lagos
- Área Inmunología, Departamento de Biociencias (DEPBIO), Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Eugenia Fernández
- Área Inmunología, Departamento de Biociencias (DEPBIO), Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Rosina Giorgi
- Unidad Asociada de Inmunología, Instituto de Química Biológica (IQB), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Kai Wiater
- Área Inmunología, Departamento de Biociencias (DEPBIO), Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Gustavo Mourglia-Ettlin
- Área Inmunología, Departamento de Biociencias (DEPBIO), Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay; Unidad Asociada de Inmunología, Instituto de Química Biológica (IQB), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay; Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Higiene "Prof. Arnoldo Berta", Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - Verónica Fernández
- Área Inmunología, Departamento de Biociencias (DEPBIO), Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay; Unidad Asociada de Inmunología, Instituto de Química Biológica (IQB), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay; Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Higiene "Prof. Arnoldo Berta", Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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Baysal İ, Örsten S, Cengiz G, Ünal E, Doğrul AB, Çiftçi T, Çiftçi SY, Akinci D, Akhan O. Assessing the Potential Apoptotic Effects of Different Hydatid Cyst Fluids on Human Healthy Hepatocytes and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells. Acta Parasitol 2024; 69:700-709. [PMID: 38372909 PMCID: PMC11001659 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-024-00797-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Cystic Echinococcosis (CE) is a zoonotic infection caused by the larval form of Echinococcus granulosus in humans. Emerging evidence suggests an intriguing inverse association between E. granulosus infection and the occurrence of cancer. This study aimed to investigate the influence of diverse host-derived hydatid cyst fluids (HCF) with distinct genotypes on human liver hepatocytes (HC) and hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2). Specifically, we examined their effects on cell proliferation, apoptosis sensitivity (BAX/BCL-2), apoptosis-related p53 expression, and the expression of cancer-related microRNA (hsa-miR-181b-3p). Cell proliferation assays, real-time PCR, and ELISA studies were conducted to evaluate potential anti-cancer properties. The findings revealed that animal-origin HCF (G1(A)) induced direct cell death by augmenting the susceptibility of HepG2 cells to apoptosis. Treatment with both G1(A) and G1(H) HCF sensitized HepG2 and HC cell lines to apoptosis by modulating the BAX/BCL-2 ratio, accompanied by upregulation of the p53 gene. Additionally, G1(A) HCF and human-derived HCFs (G1(H), G7(H)) reduced the expression of miR-181b-3p in HepG2 cells. Consequently, this study demonstrates the potential anti-cancer effect of HCF in HepG2 cells and provides the first comparative assessment of HCFs from human and animal sources with diverse genotypes, offering novel insights into this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- İpek Baysal
- Vocational School of Health Services, Hacettepe University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Serra Örsten
- Vocational School of Health Services, Hacettepe University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Görkem Cengiz
- Vocational School of Health Services, Yüksek İhtisas University, 06291, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Emre Ünal
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Hacettepe University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Bülent Doğrul
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of General Surgery, Hacettepe University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Türkmen Çiftçi
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Hacettepe University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Samiye Yabanoğlu Çiftçi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry, Hacettepe University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Devrim Akinci
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Hacettepe University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Okan Akhan
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Hacettepe University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
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Panesso MP, Cancela M, Corá RK, Paes JA, Paludo GP, Ferreira HB. Ribonucleotide reductase as a therapeutic target for drug repurposing as anthelmintics. Exp Parasitol 2023; 255:108641. [PMID: 37949425 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2023.108641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Visceral cestodiases, like echinococcoses and cysticercoses, are zoonoses of worldwide distribution and are responsible for public health problems in many countries, especially in underdeveloped regions. Current treatments have low efficiency and there are few drugs currently in use for chemotherapy, making the development of new anthelmintics an urgent matter. The nucleotide salvage pathways are the only ones available for nucleotide synthesis in cestodes and other parasitic helminths, and, here, we used in silico approaches to assess the potential of the enzymes in these pathways as targets for drug repurposing as anthelminthics. First, a genomic survey allowed to identify a repertoire of 28 enzymes of the purine and pyrimidine salvage pathways from the cestode Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto. Regarding purines, the parasite relies on salvaging free bases rather than salvaging nucleosides. Pyrimidines, on the other hand, can be salvaged from both bases and nucleosides. Druggability of the parasite enzymes was assessed, as well as the availability of commercial inhibitors for them. Druggable enzymes were then ranked according to their potential for drug repurposing and the 17 most promising enzymes were selected for evolutionary analyses. The constructed phylogenetic trees allowed to assess the degree of conservation among ortholog enzymes from parasitic helminths and their mammalian hosts. Positive selection is absent in all assessed flatworm enzymes. A potential target enzyme for drug repurposing, ribonucleotide reductase (RNR), was selected for further assessment. RNR 3D-modelling showed structural similarities between the E. granulosus and the human orthologs suggesting that inhibitors of the human RNR should be effective against the E. granulosus enzyme. In line with that, E. granulosus protoscolices treated in vitro with the inhibitor hydroxyurea had their viability and DNA synthesis reduced. These results are consistent with nucleotide synthesis inhibition and confirm the potential of a nucleotide salvage inhibitors for repurposing as an anthelmintic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Pasa Panesso
- Laboratôrio de Genômica Estrutural e Funcional, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil; Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Cestódeos, Centro de Biotecnologia, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Biotecnologia, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Martin Cancela
- Laboratôrio de Genômica Estrutural e Funcional, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil; Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Cestódeos, Centro de Biotecnologia, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Biotecnologia, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Renato Kulakowski Corá
- Laboratôrio de Genômica Estrutural e Funcional, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil; Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Cestódeos, Centro de Biotecnologia, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Biotecnologia, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Andrade Paes
- Laboratôrio de Genômica Estrutural e Funcional, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil; Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Cestódeos, Centro de Biotecnologia, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Biotecnologia, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Prado Paludo
- Laboratôrio de Genômica Estrutural e Funcional, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil; Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Cestódeos, Centro de Biotecnologia, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Biotecnologia, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Henrique Bunselmeyer Ferreira
- Laboratôrio de Genômica Estrutural e Funcional, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil; Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Cestódeos, Centro de Biotecnologia, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Departamento de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Biociências, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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Lin R, Wang X, Ni C, Fu C, Yang C, Dong D, Wu X, Chen X, Wang L, Hou J. Echinococcus granulosus cyst fluid inhibits KDM6B-mediated demethylation of trimethylated histone H3 lysine 27 and interleukin-1β production in macrophages. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:422. [PMID: 37974225 PMCID: PMC10652454 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-06041-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Echinococcus granulosus can manipulate its host's immune response to ensure its own survival. However, the effect of histone modifications on the regulation of the NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and downstream interleukin-1β (IL-1β) production in response to the parasite is not fully understood. METHODS We evaluated IL-1β secretion through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and assessed reactive oxygen species levels using the dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate probe. Western blotting and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction were performed to examine the expression of NLRP3 and IL-1β in mouse peritoneal macrophages and Tohoku Hospital Pediatrics-1 cells, a human macrophage cell line. The presence of trimethylated histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27me3) modification on NLRP3 and IL-1β promoters was studied by chromatin immunoprecipitation. RESULTS Treatment with E. granulosus cyst fluid (EgCF) considerably reduced IL-1β secretion in mouse and human macrophages, although reactive oxygen species production increased. EgCF also suppressed the expression of NLRP3 and IL-1β. Mechanistically, EgCF prompted the enrichment of repressive H3K27me3 modification on the promoters of both NLRP3 and IL-1β in macrophages. Notably, the presence of EgCF led to a significant reduction in the expression of the H3K27me3 demethylase KDM6B. CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed that EgCF inhibits KDM6B expression and H3K27me3 demethylation, resulting in the transcriptional inhibition of NLRP3 and IL-1β. These results provide new insights into the immune evasion mechanisms of E. granulosus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruolin Lin
- NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xiaopeng Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Caiya Ni
- NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Chunxue Fu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Chun Yang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | | | - Xiangwei Wu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xueling Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Lianghai Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Jun Hou
- NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China.
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Khosravi M, Mohammad Rahimi H, Nazari A, Baghaei K, Asadzadeh Aghdaei H, Shahrokh S, Sharifdini M, Torrecilhas AC, Mehryab F, Mirjalali H, Shekari F, Zali MR. Characterisation of extracellular vesicles isolated from hydatid cyst fluid and evaluation of immunomodulatory effects on human monocytes. J Cell Mol Med 2023; 27:2614-2625. [PMID: 37530547 PMCID: PMC10468670 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydatidosis is a disease caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus, which involves several organs of intermediate hosts. Evidence suggests a communication between hydatid cyst (HC) and hosts via extracellular vesicles. However, a little is known about the communication between EVs derived from HC fluid (HCF) and host cells. In the current study, EVs were isolated using differential centrifugation from sheep HCF and characterized by western blot, electron microscope and size distribution analysis. The uptake of EVs by human monocyte cell line (THP-1) was evaluated. The effects of EVs on the expression levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines were investigated using quantitative real-time PCR (RT-PCR), 3 and 24 h after incubation. Moreover, the cytokine level of IL-10 was evaluated in supernatant of THP-1 cell line at 3 and 24 h. EVs were successfully isolated and showed spherical shape with size distribution at 130.6 nm. After 3 h, the expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine genes (IL1Β, IL15 and IL8) were upregulated, while after 24 h, the expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines were decreased and IL13 gene expression showed upregulation. A statistically significant increase was seen in the levels of IL-10 after 24 h. The main mechanism of the communication between EVs derived from HCF and their host remains unclear; however, time-dependent anti-inflammatory effects in our study suggest that HC may modulate the immune responses via EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojdeh Khosravi
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and ParasitologyUniversity of ValenciaValenciaSpain
| | - Hanieh Mohammad Rahimi
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver DiseasesShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Abdoreza Nazari
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology at Cell Science Research CenterRoyan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and TechnologyTehranIran
| | - Kaveh Baghaei
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver DiseasesShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Hamid Asadzadeh Aghdaei
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver DiseasesShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Shabnam Shahrokh
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver DiseasesShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Meysam Sharifdini
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of MedicineGuilan University of Medical SciencesRashtIran
| | - Ana Claudia Torrecilhas
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular e Bioquímica de Fungos e Protozoários, Departamento de Ciências FarmacêuticasUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)DiademaBrazil
| | - Fatemeh Mehryab
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology at Cell Science Research CenterRoyan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and TechnologyTehranIran
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of PharmacyShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Hamed Mirjalali
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver DiseasesShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Faezeh Shekari
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology at Cell Science Research CenterRoyan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and TechnologyTehranIran
| | - Mohammad Reza Zali
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver DiseasesShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
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Habibi B, Gholami S, Bagheri A, Fakhar M, Moradi A, Khazeei Tabari MA. Cystic echinococcosis microRNAs as potential noninvasive biomarkers: current insights and upcoming perspective. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2023; 23:885-894. [PMID: 37553726 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2023.2246367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Echinococcosis, also known as hydatidosis, is a zoonotic foodborne disease occurred by infection with the larvae of Echinococcus spp. which can lead to the development of hydatid cysts in various organs of the host. The diagnosis of echinococcosis remains challenging due to limited diagnostic tools. AREAS COVERED In recent years, microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as a promising biomarker for various infectious diseases, including those caused by helminths. Recent studies have identified several novel miRNAs in Echinococcus spp. shedding light on their essential roles in hydatid cyst host-parasite interactions. In this regard, several studies have shown that Echinococcus-derived miRNAs are present in biofluids such as serum and plasma of infected hosts. The detection of these miRNAs in the early stages of infection can serve as an early prognostic and diagnostic biomarker for echinococcosis. EXPERT OPINION The miRNAs specific to Echinococcus spp. show great potential as early diagnostic biomarkers for echinococcosis and can also provide insights into the pathogenesis of this disease. This review attempts to provide a comprehensive overview of Echinococcus-specific miRNAs, their use as early diagnostic biomarkers, and their function in host-parasite interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bentolhoda Habibi
- Department of Parasitology, Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Mazandaran Registry Center for Hydatid Cyst, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Shirzad Gholami
- Department of Parasitology, Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Mazandaran Registry Center for Hydatid Cyst, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Abouzar Bagheri
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry-Biophysics and Genetics, Immunogenetics Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mahdi Fakhar
- Department of Parasitology, Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Mazandaran Registry Center for Hydatid Cyst, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Iranian National Registry Center for Lophomoniasis and Toxoplasmosis, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Alimohammad Moradi
- Department of General Surgery Division of HPB and Transplantation Surgery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Sadjjadi FS, Hajjaran H, Sedaghat B, Mardani P, Sadjjadi SM. Proteomics investigation of human sera for determination of postoperative indicators of pulmonary cystic echinococcosis. J Cardiothorac Surg 2023; 18:18. [PMID: 36631795 PMCID: PMC9832791 DOI: 10.1186/s13019-023-02109-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cystic echinococcosis (CE)/hydatidosis is an important zoonotic parasitic disease caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus. The disease is a major health problem all over the world. Finding specific and sensitive biomarkers for follow-up of CE in patients after surgery is essential. Using proteomics methods, the present study aimed to evaluate post-surgical treatment by finding probable biomarker/s in the serum of human lungs CE. METHODS A total of 24 human sera were tested. These sera included eight confirmed lung/s CE patients sera before surgery (BS), eight sera 12 months post-surgery (12MPS) as well as eight control sera from healthy people. Proteomics methods including 2DE and LC-MS/MS were performed on the specimens followed by bioinformatics analysis. Differentially expressed proteins (DEP) were detected and, separately integrated with protein-protein interaction (PPI) data to construct the PPI network. RESULTS A total of 171 protein spots were detected in three groups including BS, 12MPS, and control groups; of which a total of 106 DEP have been expressed based on fold changes > = 2 and p-value < 0.05. More analysis was performed and a total of 10 protein spots were selected for identification by mass spectrometry showing the following proteins: APOA1, BGN, SPP2, EAF1, ACOXL, MRPL55, MCTP2, SEPTIN1, B4GALNT1, and ZNF843. Based on centrality parameters of the PPI network (degree and betweenness) five Hub-bottlenecks proteins with significant centrality values were found including APOA1, BGN, SPP2, EAF1, and ACOXL. CONCLUSION This study showed five proteins as hub-bottleneck proteins; of which APOA1 was more prominent. It can be concluded that a change in expression of this protein in patients' sera could be used as an indicator tool for the achievement of lungs CE surgical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Sadat Sadjjadi
- grid.411600.2Proteomics Research Center, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Homa Hajjaran
- grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahareh Sedaghat
- grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Parviz Mardani
- grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyed Mahmoud Sadjjadi
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Alt KG, Feldmeyer B, Kochmann J, Klimpel S. Gene expression and allergenic potential of Pseudoterranova bulbosa L3 from different infection sites in North Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2022; 45:1073-1086. [PMID: 35475516 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The recent advances in molecular methods and data processing have facilitated research on anisakid nematodes. While most research efforts were made regarding the genus Anisakis, since this genus is held responsible for the majority of reported clinical signs, there is still a demand for data on the genus Pseudoterranova. Several case studies of severe invasive anisakidosis affecting various organs caused by species of the P. decipiens complex have been described. To better understand the way these parasites might infest their fish host, we examined whether parasite location within the fish host affects gene expression. A de novo assembly of the transcriptome of Pseudoterranova bulbosa, isolated from North Atlantic cod, was analysed for patterns of differential gene expression between samples taken from liver and viscera. We additionally searched for homologs to known nematode allergens, to give a first estimate of the potential allergenicity of P. bulbosa. There was a subtle difference in the gene expression of samples taken from liver and viscera. Seventy genes were differentially expressed, 32 genes were upregulated in parasites isolated from liver and 38 genes were upregulated in parasites from viscera. Homologs of five nematode allergens were identified among the genes expressed by P. bulbosa. Our transcriptome of P. bulbosa will be a valuable resource for further meta-analyses and resequencing projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina G Alt
- Institute for Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Barbara Feldmeyer
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Judith Kochmann
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Sven Klimpel
- Institute for Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
- LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics (LOEWE TBG), Frankfurt/Main, Germany
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9
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Dos Santos GB, da Silva ED, Kitano ES, Battistella ME, Monteiro KM, de Lima JC, Ferreira HB, Serrano SMDT, Zaha A. Proteomic profiling of hydatid fluid from pulmonary cystic echinococcosis. Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:99. [PMID: 35313982 PMCID: PMC8935821 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05232-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most cystic echinococcosis cases in Southern Brazil are caused by Echinococcus granulosus and Echinococcus ortleppi. Proteomic studies of helminths have increased our knowledge about the molecular survival strategies that are used by parasites. Here, we surveyed the protein content of the hydatid fluid compartment in E. granulosus and E. ortleppi pulmonary bovine cysts to better describe and compare their molecular arsenal at the host-parasite interface. METHODS Hydatid fluid samples from three isolates of each species were analyzed using mass spectrometry-based proteomics (LC-MS/MS). In silico functional analyses of the identified proteins were performed to examine parasite survival strategies. RESULTS The identified hydatid fluid protein profiles showed a predominance of parasite proteins compared to host proteins that infiltrate the cysts. We identified 280 parasitic proteins from E. granulosus and 251 from E. ortleppi, including 52 parasitic proteins that were common to all hydatid fluid samples. The in silico functional analysis revealed important molecular functions and processes that are active in pulmonary cystic echinococcosis, such as adhesion, extracellular structures organization, development regulation, signaling transduction, and enzyme activity. CONCLUSIONS The protein profiles described here provide evidence of important mechanisms related to basic cellular processes and functions that act at the host-parasite interface in cystic echinococcosis. The molecular tools used by E. granulosus and E. ortleppi for survival within the host are potential targets for new therapeutic approaches to treat cystic echinococcosis and other larval cestodiases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Brzoskowski Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Cestódeos, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Edileuza Danieli da Silva
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Cestódeos, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Shigueo Kitano
- Laboratório de Toxinologia Aplicada, Center of Toxins, Immune-Response and Cell Signaling (CeTICS), Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Eduarda Battistella
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Cestódeos, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Karina Mariante Monteiro
- Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural E Funcional, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Jeferson Camargo de Lima
- Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural E Funcional, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Henrique Bunselmeyer Ferreira
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Cestódeos, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural E Funcional, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Solange Maria de Toledo Serrano
- Laboratório de Toxinologia Aplicada, Center of Toxins, Immune-Response and Cell Signaling (CeTICS), Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Arnaldo Zaha
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Cestódeos, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil. .,Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural E Funcional, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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10
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Cystic Echinococcosis in Slaughtered Cattle and Sheep from North Macedonia. MACEDONIAN VETERINARY REVIEW 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/macvetrev-2022-0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Cystic echinococcosis is a cosmopolitan zoonotic infection, commonly seen in areas where livestock and dogs are kept together. The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of echinococcosis in slaughtered cattle and sheep in North Macedonia and to evaluate the location and fertility/sterility rates of the cysts. A total of 302 slaughtered animals were examined with visual inspection, palpation, and incision of the internal organs in order to detect cysts. Microscopic examination was carried out to determine the presence of protoscoleces. The overall prevalence of echinococcosis in slaughtered cattle and sheep was 60%. The presence of cysts increased with age in cattle. In both cattle and sheep, the most common affected organs were the liver and lungs infected with more than one cyst. The findings showed higher fertility rate in sheep which confirmed their role as the most important intermediate host. This study shows that North Macedonia is an endemic region, and serious control strategies should be implemented, with special emphasis on safety disposal of infected organs and anthelmintic treatment of the dogs.
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11
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García-Méndez N, Manterola C, Totomoch-Serra A, Riffo-Campos AL, Brito-Carreón CA. PROTEOMIC PROFILE OF ECHINOCOCCUS GRANULOSUS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW. J Parasitol 2022; 108:64-69. [PMID: 35119469 DOI: 10.1645/20-86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic echinococcosis is a zoonotic disease caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus. This affliction is an endemic worldwide condition that represents a neglected parasitic disease with important socioeconomic repercussions. Proteomic characterization of larval and adult stages of E. granulosus, as well as the association between expression profiles and host interactions, is relevant for a better understanding of parasite biology, and eventually for drug design and vaccine development. This study aimed to develop a synthesis of the evidence available related to proteomics of E. granulosus. A systematic review was carried out to collect data concerning the proteomics of E. granulosus, without language or host restriction, published between 1980 and 2019. A systematic search was carried out in the Trip Database, BIREME-BVS, SciELO, Web of Science, PubMed, EMBASE, SCOPUS, EBSCO host, and LILACS, using MeSH terms, free words, and Boolean connectors, and adapting strategies to each source of information. Additionally, a manual cross-reference search was performed. Variables studied were the year of publication, geographic origin of the study, number of samples, hosts, parasitic organs, proteomic techniques, and parasite proteins verified. Nine-hundred and thirty-six related articles were identified: 17 fulfilled selection criteria, including slightly more than 188 samples. Most articles were published between 2014 and 2019 (64.7%) and were from Brazil and China (35.3% each). In reference to confirmed hosts in the primary articles, cattle (41.2%) and humans (23.5%) were the most frequently reported. Concerning proteomic techniques applied in the primary articles, LC-MS/MS was the most used (41.1%), and 890 proteins were reported by the primary articles. As the results of our search suggest, the information related to E. granulosus proteomics is scarce, heterogeneous, and scattered throughout several articles that include a diversity of tissues, samples, intermediate hosts, and proteomic techniques. Consequently, the level of evidence generated by our search is type 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayely García-Méndez
- Ph.D. Program in Medical Sciences, Universidad de La Frontera, 4811230, Temuco, Chile
| | - Carlos Manterola
- Ph.D. Program in Medical Sciences, Universidad de La Frontera, 4811230, Temuco, Chile.,Center of Excellence in Morphological and Surgical Studies (CEMyQ), Universidad de La Frontera, 4811230, Temuco, Chile
| | - Armando Totomoch-Serra
- Ph.D. Program in Medical Sciences, Universidad de La Frontera, 4811230, Temuco, Chile.,Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies, National Polytechnic Institute, 36824, México City, México
| | - Angela L Riffo-Campos
- Ph.D. Program in Medical Sciences, Universidad de La Frontera, 4811230, Temuco, Chile
| | - César A Brito-Carreón
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies, National Polytechnic Institute, 36824, México City, México
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12
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Borvinskaya E, Kochneva A, Bedulina D, Sukhovskaya I, Smirnov L, Babkina I. Comparative Analysis of Proteins of Functionally Different Body Parts of the Fish Parasites Triaenophorus nodulosus and Triaenophorus crassus. Acta Parasitol 2021; 66:1137-1150. [PMID: 33818717 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-021-00384-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Studies of proteins expressed in the morphological structures of the parasite are necessary for elucidating the biological functions of unknown proteins and understanding the molecular basis of parasitism. The research aim was to investigate the spatial distribution of major proteins in scolex, immature and gravid proglottids of Triaenophorus nodulosus and Triaenophorus crassus. METHODS Protein extracts of worm body parts were analyzed using two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (DIGE) and mass spectrometry. RESULTS Comparison of the protein repertoire of the adult worm and the encysted plerocercoid revealed differences between the worm body parts, life stages and parasite species. The content of proteins associated with the cytoskeleton and musculature (actin, myosin regulatory light chain, and tropomyosin 2) decreased with distance from the scolex. Mature proglottids were rich in transforming growth factor-beta-induced protein, propionyl-CoA carboxylase, glutamate dehydrogenase and beta-tubulin. Interspecific variation in T. nodulosus and T. crassus was found in the content of the myosin, paramyosin, the major vault protein and an uncharacterized secreted protein TRINITY_DN24645. Differential expression of TRINITY_DN24645, paramyosin and tropomyosin 2 was found between plerocercoids and adult worms. CONCLUSION The present study provides the first characteristics of the spatial distribution of the major proteins of T. crassus and T. nodulosus. Comparison of the protein composition of plerocercoids and adult parasites indicates a significant similarity in the proteomic organization of Triaenophorus sp. in the second intermediate and final hosts. The gradual change in the morphological organization of tapeworms in the longitudinal direction coincided with the expression of some structural and metabolic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Borvinskaya
- Institute of Biology At Irkutsk State University, 3 Lenin St, 664025, Irkutsk, Russia.
| | - Albina Kochneva
- Institute of Biology of the Karelian Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 11 Pushkinskaya St, 185910, Petrozavodsk, Russia
| | - Daria Bedulina
- Institute of Biology At Irkutsk State University, 3 Lenin St, 664025, Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Irina Sukhovskaya
- Institute of Biology of the Karelian Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 11 Pushkinskaya St, 185910, Petrozavodsk, Russia
| | - Lev Smirnov
- Institute of Biology of the Karelian Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 11 Pushkinskaya St, 185910, Petrozavodsk, Russia
| | - Irina Babkina
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, St Petersburg State University, 7/9A Universitetskaya St, 199034, St Petersburg, Russia
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13
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Ben Salah E, Barrera C, Sakly W, Mosbahi S, Balliau T, Franche N, Gottstein B, Ben Youssef S, Mekki M, Babba H, Millon L. Novel biomarkers for the early prediction of pediatric cystic echinococcosis post-surgical outcomes. J Infect 2021; 84:87-93. [PMID: 34614401 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2021.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to search for reliable serological biomarkers allowing the early prediction of cystic echinococcosis (CE) post-operative outcomes. METHODS We applied immunoprecipitation (IP) of Echinococcus granulosus protoscolex antigens with pediatric CE patients' plasma collected at 1-month and 1-year post-surgery, followed by Liquid Chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). We compared IP proteomic content from relapsed patients within the first-year post-surgery (RCE) to cases with no relapses until 3 post-operative years (NRCE). Selected proteins were recombinantly synthesized and assessed for their prognostic performance by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS A total of 305 immunoreactive parasitic proteins were identified, 59 of which were significantly more abundant in RCE than NRCE for both time-points. Four proteins showed the most promising characteristics for predicting CE outcomes: cytoplasmic malate dehydrogenase (Eg-cMDH), citrate synthase (Eg-CS), annexin A6 and severin. ELISA-IgG against the four markers were significantly lower at 1-year post-surgery than 1-month in NRCE, in contrast to RCE that displayed either stable or higher levels. The Eg-cMDH and Eg-CS showed the best prognostic performance, with respective probabilities of being "relapse-free" of 83% and 81%, if a decrease of IgG levels occurred between 1-month and 1-year post-surgery. CONCLUSION The Eg-cMDH and Eg-CS are promising biomarkers to predict early CE post-surgical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eya Ben Salah
- Département de Biologie clinique B, Faculté de Pharmacie, Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie Médicale et Moléculaire LR12ES08, Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia; National French Reference Centre for Echinococcosis, University Hospital, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Bd Fleming, Besançon F-25000, France; Department of Parasitology Mycology, University Hospital of Besançon, UMR/ CNRS 6249 Chrono-Environnement Research Team, University of Bourgogne, Franche-Comté, France.
| | - Coralie Barrera
- National French Reference Centre for Echinococcosis, University Hospital, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Bd Fleming, Besançon F-25000, France; Department of Parasitology Mycology, University Hospital of Besançon, UMR/ CNRS 6249 Chrono-Environnement Research Team, University of Bourgogne, Franche-Comté, France.
| | - Wahiba Sakly
- Département de Biologie clinique B, Faculté de Pharmacie, Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie Médicale et Moléculaire LR12ES08, Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia.
| | - Sana Mosbahi
- Paediatric Surgery Department, Laboratory of Malformative and Tumor Pathology in Children (LR12SP13), Medical School, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Thierry Balliau
- PAPPSO, INRAE, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, GQE-Le Moulon, Gif-sur-Yvette 91190, France.
| | - Nathalie Franche
- Department of Parasitology Mycology, University Hospital of Besançon, UMR/ CNRS 6249 Chrono-Environnement Research Team, University of Bourgogne, Franche-Comté, France.
| | - Bruno Gottstein
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Sabrine Ben Youssef
- Paediatric Surgery Department, Laboratory of Malformative and Tumor Pathology in Children (LR12SP13), Medical School, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Mongi Mekki
- Paediatric Surgery Department, Laboratory of Malformative and Tumor Pathology in Children (LR12SP13), Medical School, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Hamouda Babba
- Département de Biologie clinique B, Faculté de Pharmacie, Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie Médicale et Moléculaire LR12ES08, Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia.
| | - Laurence Millon
- National French Reference Centre for Echinococcosis, University Hospital, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Bd Fleming, Besançon F-25000, France; Department of Parasitology Mycology, University Hospital of Besançon, UMR/ CNRS 6249 Chrono-Environnement Research Team, University of Bourgogne, Franche-Comté, France.
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14
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Cui Y, Wang X, Xu J, Liu X, Wang X, Pang J, Song Y, Yu M, Song W, Luo X, Liu M, Sun S. PROTEOMIC ANALYSIS OF TAENIA SOLIUM CYST FLUID BY SHOTGUN LC-MS/MS. J Parasitol 2021; 107:799-809. [PMID: 34648630 DOI: 10.1645/20-65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Taenia solium cysts were collected from pig skeletal muscle and analyzed via a shotgun proteomic approach to identify known proteins in the cyst fluid and to explore host-parasite interactions. Cyst fluid was aseptically collected and analyzed with shotgun liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Gene alignment and annotation were performed using Blast2GO software followed by gene ontology analysis of the annotated proteins. The pathways were further analyzed with the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network map was generated using STRING software. A total of 158 known proteins were identified, most of which were low-molecular-mass proteins. These proteins were mainly involved in cellular and metabolic processes, and their molecular functions were predominantly related to catalytic activity and binding functions. The pathway enrichment analysis revealed that the known proteins were mainly enriched in the PI3K-Akt and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis signaling pathways. The nodes in the PPI network mainly consisted of enzymes involved in sugar metabolism. The cyst fluid proteins screened in this study may play important roles in the interaction between the cysticerci and the host. The shotgun LC-MS/MS, gene ontology, KEGG, and PPI network map data will be used to identify and analyze the cyst fluid proteome of cysticerci, which will provide a basis for further exploration of the invasion and activities of T. solium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxuan Cui
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Inner Mongolia Tongliao 028042, China
| | - Xinrui Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Inner Mongolia Tongliao 028042, China
| | - Jing Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Inner Mongolia Tongliao 028042, China
| | - Xiaolei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis/College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Xuelin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis/College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Jianda Pang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis/College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Yining Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Inner Mongolia Tongliao 028042, China
| | - Mingchuan Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Inner Mongolia Tongliao 028042, China
| | - Weiyi Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Inner Mongolia Tongliao 028042, China
| | - Xuenong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Mingyuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis/College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225000, China
| | - Shumin Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Inner Mongolia Tongliao 028042, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
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15
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Arbildi P, La-Rocca S, Kun A, Lorenzatto KR, Monteiro KM, Zaha A, Mourglia-Ettlin G, Ferreira HB, Fernández V. Expression and distribution of glutathione transferases in protoscoleces of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato. Acta Trop 2021; 221:105991. [PMID: 34089697 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.105991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Glutathione transferases (GSTs) belong to a diverse superfamily of multifunctional proteins involved in metabolic detoxification. In helminth parasite, GSTs are particularly relevant since they are also involved in host immunomodulation. Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (s.l.) is a cestode parasite known to express at least three phylogenetically distant cytosolic GSTs: EgGST1 and EgGST2 previously grouped within Mu and Sigma classes, respectively; and EgGST3 related to both Omega and Sigma classes. To better characterize E. granulosus s.l. GSTs, herein their expression and distribution were assessed in the pre-adult protoscolex (PSC) parasite stage. Potential transcriptional regulatory mechanisms of the corresponding EgGST genes were also explored. Firstly, the transcription of the three EgGSTs was significantly induced during the early stages of the murine model of infection, suggesting a potential role during parasite establishment. EgGST1 was detected in the parenchyma of PSCs and its expression increased after H2O2 exposure, supporting its role in detoxification. EgGST2 was mainly detected on the PSCs tegument, strategically localized for potential immunoregulation functions due to its Sigma-class characteristics. In addition, its expression increased after anthelmintic treatment, suggesting a role in chemotherapy resistance. Finally, the Omega-related EgGST3 was localized throughout the entire PSC body, including suckers and tegument, and since its expression also increased after H2O2 treatment, a potential role in oxidative stress response could also be ascribed. On the other hand, known cis-acting regulatory motifs were detected in EgGST genes, suggesting similar transcription processes to other eukaryotes. The results herein reported provide additional data regarding the roles of EgGSTs in E. granulosus s.l. biology, contributing to a better understanding of its host-parasite interaction.
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16
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Lin K, Zhou D, Li M, Meng J, He F, Yang X, Dong D, Wang X, Wu X, Chen X, Hou J. Echinococcus granulosus cyst fluid suppresses inflammatory responses by inhibiting TRAF6 signalling in macrophages. Parasitology 2021; 148:887-894. [PMID: 33775265 PMCID: PMC11010193 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182021000548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato has complex defence mechanisms that protect it from the anti-parasitic immune response for long periods. Echinococcus granulosus cyst fluid (EgCF) is involved in the immune escape. Nevertheless, whether and how EgCF modulates the inflammatory response in macrophages remains poorly understood. Here, real-time polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay revealed that EgCF could markedly attenuate the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of pro-inflammatory factors including tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-6 but increase the expression of IL-10 at mRNA and protein levels in mouse peritoneal macrophages and RAW 264.7 cells. Mechanically, western blotting and immunofluorescence assay showed that EgCF abolished the activation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB p65, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and ERK1/2 signalling pathways by LPS stimulation in mouse macrophages. EgCF's anti-inflammatory role was at least partly contributed by promoting proteasomal degradation of the critical adaptor TRAF6. Moreover, the EgCF-promoted anti-inflammatory response and TRAF6 proteasomal degradation were conserved in human THP-1 macrophages. These findings collectively reveal a novel mechanism by which EgCF suppresses inflammatory responses by inhibiting TRAF6 and the downstream activation of NF-κB and MAPK signalling in both human and mouse macrophages, providing new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the E. granulosus-induced immune evasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Lin
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Di Zhou
- Medical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Min Li
- Nursing School of Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jin Meng
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Feiming He
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Dan Dong
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xian Wang
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xiangwei Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xueling Chen
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jun Hou
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
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17
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Salah EB, Barrera C, Mosbahi S, Gottstein B, Siles-Lucas M, Belhassen S, Nouri A, Babba H, Millon L, Sakly W. Promising proteins detected by Western blot from Echinococcus granulosus protoscoleces for predicting early post-surgical outcomes in CE-affected Tunisian children. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:180. [PMID: 33781311 PMCID: PMC8008569 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-04679-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cystic echinococcosis (CE) affects predominantly young patients in highly endemic areas. Improved serological methods are needed for the follow-up of CE cases, especially given the high rates of post-surgical relapse that require detection as soon as possible. METHODS We designed a study to investigate the value of antigenic proteins extracted from Echinococcus granulosus (E. granulosus) protoscoleces, and of recombinant B2t and 2B2t proteins, for assessing the efficacy of surgical treatment carried out on CE-affected children. This study was performed on 278 plasma samples collected from 59 Tunisian children surgically treated for CE and monitored for 3 years post-surgery. The patients were classified according to post-surgical outcomes into a "non-relapsed" (NRCE) and a "relapsed" (RCE) group. We performed in-house ELISAs to measure anti-B2t and anti-2B2t IgG and immunoblotting for the detection of IgG against SDS-PAGE-resolved E. granulosus protoscoleces-specific antigens. The Wilcoxon test was applied to assess anti-B2t and anti-2B2t IgG levels. We applied the Cochran Q test to compare the distribution of immunoblotting antigenic bands between 1-month and 1-year post-surgery. RESULTS The probability of being "relapse-free" when a decrease in antibody titers occurred between 1 month and 1 year post-surgery was 81% and 75%, respectively, for anti-B2t and anti-2B2t IgG. We identified five protoscolex protein bands of 20, 26/27, 30, 40 and 46 kDa as highly immunoreactive by immunoblot for both RCE and NRCE patients at 1 month post-surgery, and significantly lower immunoreactivity after 1 year (p < 10-4) for NRCE compared to RCE patients. The proteins at 26/27 and 40 kDa displayed the best performance in predicting the outcome, with an 84% probability of being relapse-free when the reactivity against the 40 kDa antigen, the doublet at 26/27 kDa, or both was absent or disappeared between 1 month and 1 year post-surgery, and a 93% probability of being relapsed when both bands remained reactive or increased in intensity between the two time points. CONCLUSIONS The B2t protein could be useful for the prediction of CE early post-surgical outcomes. The proteins of E. granulosus protoscoleces, especially the doublet P26/27 and P40, could be promising predictive biomarkers for the post-surgical follow-up of CE cases as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eya Ben Salah
- Département de Biologie Clinique B, Faculté de Pharmacie, Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie Médicale Et Moléculaire, LR12ES08, Université de Monastir, 1 Rue Avicenne, 5000, Monastir, Tunisie
| | - Coralie Barrera
- Department of Parasitology Mycology, University Hospital of Besançon, UMR/CNRS 6249 Chrono-Environnement Research Team, University of Bourgogne- Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Sana Mosbahi
- Pediatric Surgery Department, Fattouma Bourguiba Hospital, Medical School , Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Bruno Gottstein
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, 3001, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mar Siles-Lucas
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales Y Agrobiología de Salamanca (IRNASA-CSIC), 37008, Salamanca, España
| | - Samia Belhassen
- Pediatric Surgery Department, Fattouma Bourguiba Hospital, Medical School , Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Abdellatif Nouri
- Pediatric Surgery Department, Fattouma Bourguiba Hospital, Medical School , Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Hamouda Babba
- Département de Biologie Clinique B, Faculté de Pharmacie, Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie Médicale Et Moléculaire, LR12ES08, Université de Monastir, 1 Rue Avicenne, 5000, Monastir, Tunisie
| | - Laurence Millon
- Department of Parasitology Mycology, University Hospital of Besançon, UMR/CNRS 6249 Chrono-Environnement Research Team, University of Bourgogne- Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Wahiba Sakly
- Département de Biologie Clinique B, Faculté de Pharmacie, Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie Médicale Et Moléculaire, LR12ES08, Université de Monastir, 1 Rue Avicenne, 5000, Monastir, Tunisie.
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18
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Li X, Jiang S, Wang X, Hui W, Jia B. iTRAQ-based comparative proteomic analysis in different developmental stages of Echinococcus granulosus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 28:15. [PMID: 33666550 PMCID: PMC7934609 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2021012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cystic echinococcosis, caused by infection with the larval stage of the cestode Echinococcus granulosus, is a chronic zoonosis. The lifecycle of the E. granulosus parasite includes three consecutive stages that require specific gene regulation or protein expression to survive environmental shifts between definitive hosts and intermediate hosts. The aim of the present study is to screen and analyze the stage differential antigens to be considered for vaccine development against E. granulosus. By using the iTRAQ (isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification) method, the differentially expressed proteins were selected from the three consecutive developmental stages of E. granulosus: oncosphere, adult tapeworms, and protoscolex. Through a bioinformatics analysis including Clusters of Orthologous Groups (COG), Gene Ontology (GO), and pathway metabolic annotation, we identified some proteins of interest from each stage. The results showed that a large number of differentially expressed proteins (375: oncosphere vs. adult, 346: oncosphere vs. protoscolex, and 391: adult vs. protoscolex) were identified from the three main lifecycle stages. Analysis of the differential protein pathways showed that these differential proteins are mainly enriched in metabolic pathways, Huntington’s diseases, Alzheimer’s diseases, and ribosome metabolic pathways. Interestingly, among these differential proteins, expression levels of paramyosin, HSP60, HSP70, HSP90, cathepsin L1, cathepsin D, casein kinase, and calmodulin were significantly higher in the oncosphere than in the adult or protoscolex (p < 0.05). We hope our findings will help to identify potential targets for diagnosis or for therapeutic and prophylactic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Road Beisi, Shihezi 832003, Xinjiang, PR China - College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Road Beisi, Shihezi 832003, Xinjiang, PR China
| | - Song Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Road Beisi, Shihezi 832003, Xinjiang, PR China
| | - Xuhai Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Road Beisi, Shihezi 832003, Xinjiang, PR China
| | - Wenqiao Hui
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Product Safety Engineering, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Road Nongkenan, Hefei 230031, Anhui, PR China
| | - Bin Jia
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Road Beisi, Shihezi 832003, Xinjiang, PR China
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19
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Zawistowska-Deniziak A, Powązka K, Pękacz M, Basałaj K, Klockiewicz M, Wiśniewski M, Młocicki D. Immunoproteomic Analysis of Dirofilaria repens Microfilariae and Adult Parasite Stages. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10020174. [PMID: 33562513 PMCID: PMC7914743 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10020174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dirofilariarepens is a parasitic nematode causing a vector-borne zoonotic infection (dirofilariosis), considered an emerging problem in human and veterinary medicine. Currently, diagnosis is based on the detection of the adult parasite and microfilariae in the host tissues. However, the efficacy of tests relying on microfilariae detection is limited by microfilariae periodic occurrence. Therefore, a new reliable and affordable serological diagnostic method is needed. Better characteristic of the parasite biology and its interaction with host immune system should help to achieve this goal. This study analyzes adult and microfilariae proteomes, and the use of one-dimensional electrophoresis (1-DE) and two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) proteomics, immunoproteomics, and LC-MS/MS mass spectrometry allowed us to identify 316 potentially immunogenic proteins (75 belong to adult stage, 183 to microfilariae, and 58 are common for both). Classified by their ontology, the proteins showed important similarities and differences between both parasite stages. The most frequently identified proteins are structural, metabolic, and heat shock proteins. Additionally, real-time PCR analysis of some immunogenic targets revealed significant differences between microfilariae and adult life stages. We indicated molecules involved in parasite-host interactions and discussed their importance in parasite biology, which may help to reveal potential diagnostic antigens or select drug and vaccine targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Zawistowska-Deniziak
- Witold Stefański Institute of Parasitology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 00-818 Warsaw, Poland; (K.P.); (M.P.); (K.B.); (D.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-22-697-89-66
| | - Katarzyna Powązka
- Witold Stefański Institute of Parasitology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 00-818 Warsaw, Poland; (K.P.); (M.P.); (K.B.); (D.M.)
| | - Mateusz Pękacz
- Witold Stefański Institute of Parasitology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 00-818 Warsaw, Poland; (K.P.); (M.P.); (K.B.); (D.M.)
- Division of Parasitology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland; (M.K.); (M.W.)
| | - Katarzyna Basałaj
- Witold Stefański Institute of Parasitology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 00-818 Warsaw, Poland; (K.P.); (M.P.); (K.B.); (D.M.)
| | - Maciej Klockiewicz
- Division of Parasitology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland; (M.K.); (M.W.)
| | - Marcin Wiśniewski
- Division of Parasitology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland; (M.K.); (M.W.)
| | - Daniel Młocicki
- Witold Stefański Institute of Parasitology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 00-818 Warsaw, Poland; (K.P.); (M.P.); (K.B.); (D.M.)
- Department of General Biology and Parasitology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland
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20
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Cattani AM, Pinheiro CV, Schrank IS, Siqueira FM. Functional characterization of the putative FAD synthase from Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2021; 368:6102549. [PMID: 33452877 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnab008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In bacteria, the biosynthesis of the cofactor flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), important in many physiological responses, is catalyzed by the bifunctional enzyme FAD synthase (FADSyn) which converts riboflavin into FAD by both kinase and adenylylation activity. The in silico 3D structure of a putative FADSyn from Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (MhpFADSyn), the etiological agent of enzootic pneumonia was already reported, nevertheless, the in vitro functional characterization was not yet demonstrated. Our phylogenetic analysis revealed that MhpFADSyn is close related to the bifunctional FADSyn from Corynebacterium ammoniagenes. However, only the domain related to adenylylation was assigned by InterPro database. The activity of MhpFADSyn was evaluated through in vitro enzymatic assays using cell extracts from IPTG-inducible heterologous expression of MhpFADSyn in Escherichia coli. The flavoproteins were analyzed by HPLC and results showed that IPTG-induced cell lysate resulted in the formation of twofold increased amounts of FAD if compared to non IPTG-induced cells. Consumption of riboflavin substrate was also threefold greater in IPTG-induced lysate compared to non IPTG-induced cell extract. Thus, the recombinant MhpFADSyn protein could be associated to FAD biosynthesis. These findings contribute to expand the range of potential drug targets in diseases control and unveil metabolic pathways that could be attribute to mycoplasmas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Malvessi Cattani
- Graduate Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Center for Biotechnology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500 - Porto Alegre, 91501-970, RS, Brazil
| | - Camila Vieira Pinheiro
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500 - Porto Alegre, 90050-170, RS, Brazil
| | - Irene Silveira Schrank
- Graduate Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Center for Biotechnology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500 - Porto Alegre, 91501-970, RS, Brazil
| | - Franciele Maboni Siqueira
- Laboratory of Veterinary Bacteriology, Veterinary Pathology Department, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9090 - Porto Alegre, 91540-000, RS, Brazil
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21
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Sedaghat B, Hajjaran H, Sadjjadi FS, Heidari S, Sadjjadi SM. Proteomic characterization of hydatid cyst fluid: two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) setup through optimizing protein extraction. BMC Res Notes 2021; 14:22. [PMID: 33430965 PMCID: PMC7802163 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-020-05433-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Proper characterization of hydatid cyst fluid (HCF) is useful for diagnostic and follow up purposes of cystic echinococcosis/hydatidosis, which is an important zoonotic disease. In this regard, proteomics methods are very helpful. The present study was conducted to compare three protein extraction methods for HCF collected from sheep liver hydatid cysts including, trichloracetic acid (TCA)/Acetone precipitation, TCA/Acetone along with dialysis, and combination of 2-D Clean-up Kit and dialysis followed by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE), to achieve better resolution in the proteomic characterization of HCF proteins. Results The 2-DE of TCA/Acetone products showed a lot of smears in the background of gels; TCA/Acetone with dialysis showed greatly reduced smears while the 2-D Clean-up Kit together with dialysis showed sharp spots and least smears. Three-dimensional images of separated spots created by Progenesis SameSpots software showed the best result was achieved by 2-D Clean-up Kit and dialysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahareh Sedaghat
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Homa Hajjaran
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Sadat Sadjjadi
- Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Proteomics Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soudabeh Heidari
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mahmoud Sadjjadi
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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22
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Stryiński R, Łopieńska-Biernat E, Carrera M. Proteomic Insights into the Biology of the Most Important Foodborne Parasites in Europe. Foods 2020; 9:E1403. [PMID: 33022912 PMCID: PMC7601233 DOI: 10.3390/foods9101403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Foodborne parasitoses compared with bacterial and viral-caused diseases seem to be neglected, and their unrecognition is a serious issue. Parasitic diseases transmitted by food are currently becoming more common. Constantly changing eating habits, new culinary trends, and easier access to food make foodborne parasites' transmission effortless, and the increase in the diagnosis of foodborne parasitic diseases in noted worldwide. This work presents the applications of numerous proteomic methods into the studies on foodborne parasites and their possible use in targeted diagnostics. Potential directions for the future are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Stryiński
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Elżbieta Łopieńska-Biernat
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Mónica Carrera
- Department of Food Technology, Marine Research Institute (IIM), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 36-208 Vigo, Spain
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23
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Camargo de Lima J, Floriani MA, Debarba JA, Paludo GP, Monteiro KM, Moura H, Barr JR, Zaha A, Ferreira HB. Dynamics of protein synthesis in the initial steps of strobilation in the model cestode parasite Mesocestoides corti (syn. vogae). J Proteomics 2020; 228:103939. [PMID: 32798775 PMCID: PMC10491476 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2020.103939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Mesocestoides corti (syn. vogae) is a useful model for developmental studies of platyhelminth parasites of the Cestoda class, such as Taenia spp. or Echinococcus spp. It has been used in studies to characterize cestode strobilation, i.e. the development of larvae into adult worms. So far, little is known about the initial molecular events involved in cestode strobilation and, therefore, we carried out a study to characterize newly synthesized (NS) proteins upon strobilation induction. An approach based on bioorthogonal noncanonical amino acid tagging and mass spectrometry was used to label, isolate, identify, and quantify NS proteins in the initial steps of M. corti strobilation. Overall, 121 NS proteins were detected exclusively after induction of strobilation, including proteins related to development pathways, such as insulin and notch signaling. Metabolic changes that take place in the transition from the larval stage to adult worm were noted in special NS protein subsets related to developmental processes, such as focal adhesion, cell leading edge, and maintenance of location. The data shed light on mechanisms underlying early steps of cestode strobilation and enabled identification of possible developmental markers. We also consider the use of developmental responsive proteins as potential drug targets for developing novel anthelmintics. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Larval cestodiases are life-threatening parasitic diseases that affect both man and domestic animals worldwide. Cestode parasites present complex life cycles, in which they undergo major morphological and physiological changes in the transition from one life-stage to the next. One of these transitions occurs during cestode strobilation, when the mostly undifferentiated and non-segmented larval or pre-adult form develops into a fully segmented and sexually differentiated (strobilated) adult worm. Although the proteomes of bona fide larvae and strobialted adults have been previously characterized for a few cestode species, little is still known about the dynamic of protein synthesis during the early steps of cestode strobilation. Now, the assessment of newly synthesized (NS) proteins within the first 48 h of strobilation the model cestode M. corti allowed to shed light on molecular mechanisms that are triggered by strobilation induction. The functional analyses of this repertoire of over a hundred NS proteins pointed out to changes in metabolism and activation of classical developmental signaling pathways in early strobilation. Many of the identified NS proteins may become valuable cestode developmental markers and their involvement in vital processes make them also good candidate targets for novel anthelmintic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeferson Camargo de Lima
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Molecular e Celular, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Brazil; Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural e Funcional, Centro de Biotecnologia, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Maiara Anschau Floriani
- Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural e Funcional, Centro de Biotecnologia, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - João Antônio Debarba
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Molecular e Celular, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Brazil; Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Cestódeos, Centro de Biotecnologia, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Prado Paludo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Molecular e Celular, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Brazil; Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural e Funcional, Centro de Biotecnologia, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Karina Mariante Monteiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Molecular e Celular, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Brazil; Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural e Funcional, Centro de Biotecnologia, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Cestódeos, Centro de Biotecnologia, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Hercules Moura
- Biological Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Clinical Chemistry Branch, Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - John R Barr
- Biological Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Clinical Chemistry Branch, Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Arnaldo Zaha
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Molecular e Celular, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Brazil; Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Cestódeos, Centro de Biotecnologia, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Henrique Bunselmeyer Ferreira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Molecular e Celular, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Brazil; Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural e Funcional, Centro de Biotecnologia, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Cestódeos, Centro de Biotecnologia, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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24
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Zhang X, Gong W, Cao S, Yin J, Zhang J, Cao J, Shen Y. Comprehensive Analysis of Non-coding RNA Profiles of Exosome-Like Vesicles From the Protoscoleces and Hydatid Cyst Fluid of Echinococcus granulosus. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:316. [PMID: 32793506 PMCID: PMC7387405 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic echinococcosis is a worldwide chronic zoonotic disease that threatens human health and animal husbandry. Exosome-like vesicles (ELVs) have emerged recently as mediators in the parasite-parasite intercommunication and parasite-host interactions. Exosome-like vesicles from parasites can transfer non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) into host cells to regulate their gene expression; however, the ncRNAs profiles of the ELVs from Echinococcus granulosus remain unknown. Here, we isolated protoscolece (PSC)-ELVs and hydatid fluid (HF)-ELVs from the culture medium for E. granulosus PSCs in vitro and the HF of fertile sheep cysts, respectively. The microRNA (miRNA), long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), and circular RNA (circRNA) profiles of the two types of ELVs were analyzed using high-throughput sequencing, and their functions were predicted using Gene Ontology enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis. In PSC-ELVs and HF-ELVs, 118 and 58 miRNAs were identified, respectively, among which 53 miRNAs were present in both ELVs, whereas 65 and 5 miRNAs were unique to PSC-ELVs and HF-ELVs, respectively; 2,361 and 1,254 lncRNAs were identified in PSC-ELVs and HF-ELVs, respectively, among which 1,004 lncRNAs were present in both ELVs, whereas 1,357 and 250 lncRNAs were unique to PSC-ELVs and HF-ELVs, respectively. Intriguingly, the spilled PSCs from cysts excrete ELVs with higher numbers of and higher expression levels of miRNAs and circRNAs than HF-ELVs. The miRNA sequencing data were validated by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Furthermore, the target lncRNAs and mRNAs regulated by the 20 most abundant miRNAs were screened, and a ceRNA regulatory network containing 5 miRNAs, 41 lncRNAs, and 23 mRNAs was constructed, which provided new ideas and the molecular basis for further clarification of the function and mechanism of E. granulosus ELVs ncRNAs in the parasite-host interactions. Egr-miR-125-5p and egr-miR-10a-5p, sharing identical seed sites with host miRNAs, were predicted to mediate inflammatory response, collagen catabolic process, and mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade during parasite infections. In conclusion, for the first time, we identified the ncRNAs profiles in PSC-ELVs and HF-ELVs that might be involved in host immunity and pathogenesis, and enriched the ncRNAs data of E. granulosus. These results provided valuable resources for further analysis of the regulatory potential of ncRNAs, especially miRNAs, in both types of ELVs at the parasite-host interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofan Zhang
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China.,WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China.,National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenci Gong
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China.,WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China.,National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengkui Cao
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China.,WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China.,National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianhai Yin
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China.,WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China.,National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China.,WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China.,National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianping Cao
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China.,WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China.,National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yujuan Shen
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China.,WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China.,National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
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Bai Y, Zhang Z, Jin L, Zhu Y, Zhao L, Shi B, Li J, Guo G, Guo B, McManus DP, Wang S, Zhang W. Dynamic Changes in the Global Transcriptome and MicroRNAome Reveal Complex miRNA-mRNA Regulation in Early Stages of the Bi-Directional Development of Echinococcus granulosus Protoscoleces. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:654. [PMID: 32373094 PMCID: PMC7188192 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cystic echinococcosis is a life-threatening disease caused by the larval stages of the dog tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus. Protoscoleces (PSCs) of this worm have the ability of bi-directional development to either larval cysts or strobilar adult worms. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this development process are unknown. Results RNA and small RNAs sequencing was employed to characterize the gene and miRNA expression at 0–24 h and 7–14 days in the bi-directional development of PSCs. A total of 963 genes and 31 miRNAs were differentially expressed in the early development of PSCs to adult worms whereas 972 genes and 27 miRNAs were differentially expressed in the early development of PSCs to cysts. Pairwise comparison between the two developmental patterns showed that 172 genes and 15 miRNAs were differentially expressed at three time-points. Most of these genes were temporally changed at 24 h or 7 days. GO enrichment analysis revealed that the differentially expressed genes in early adult worm development are associated with nervous system development and carbohydrate metabolic process; whereas, the differentially expressed genes in early cystic development are associated with transmembrane transporter activity and nucleoside triphosphatase activity. In addition, miR-71 and miR-219 regulated genes are likely involved in oxidation reduction in adult worm development. Conclusion The early stages of bi-directional development in E. granulosus PSCs are controlled by miRNAs and genes likely associated with nervous system development and carbohydrate metabolic process. ATP-dependent transporter genes are associated with cystic development. These results may be important for exploring the mechanisms underlying early development in E. granulosus providing novel information that can be used to discover new therapeutics for controlling cystic echinococcosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Bai
- Central Laboratory, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, Chinese National Human Genome Center at Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhuangzhi Zhang
- Veterinary Research Institute, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Lei Jin
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, Chinese National Human Genome Center at Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongqiang Zhu
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, Chinese National Human Genome Center at Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Veterinary Research Institute, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Baoxin Shi
- Veterinary Research Institute, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Clinical Medical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Gang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Clinical Medical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Baoping Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Clinical Medical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Donald P McManus
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Shengyue Wang
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, Chinese National Human Genome Center at Shanghai, Shanghai, China.,National Research Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenbao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Clinical Medical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
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He Z, Yan T, Yuan Y, Yang D, Yang G. miRNAs and lncRNAs in Echinococcus and Echinococcosis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21030730. [PMID: 31979099 PMCID: PMC7037763 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Echinococcosis are considered to be potentially lethal zoonotic diseases that cause serious damage to hosts. The metacestode of Echinococcus multilocularis and E. granulosus can result in causing the alveolar and cystic echinococcoses, respectively. Recent studies have shown that non-coding RNAs are widely expressed in Echinococcus spp. and hosts. In this review, the two main types of non-coding RNAs—long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs)—and the wide-scale involvement of these molecules in these parasites and their hosts were discussed. The expression pattern of miRNAs in Echinococcus spp. is species- and developmental stage-specific. Furthermore, common miRNAs were detected in three Echinococcus spp. and their intermediate hosts. Here, we primarily focus on recent insights from transcriptome studies, the expression patterns of miRNAs and lncRNAs, and miRNA-related databases and techniques that are used to investigate miRNAs in Echinococcus and echinococcosis. This review provides new avenues for screening therapeutic and diagnostic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China; (Z.H.); (T.Y.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Taiming Yan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China; (Z.H.); (T.Y.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Ya Yuan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China; (Z.H.); (T.Y.); (Y.Y.)
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Deying Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China; (Z.H.); (T.Y.); (Y.Y.)
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-028-8278-3043
| | - Guangyou Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China;
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Zhou X, Wang W, Cui F, Shi C, Ma Y, Yu Y, Zhao W, Zhao J. Extracellular vesicles derived from Echinococcus granulosus hydatid cyst fluid from patients: isolation, characterization and evaluation of immunomodulatory functions on T cells. Int J Parasitol 2019; 49:1029-1037. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2019.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Echinococcus granulosus: Insights into the protoscolex F-actin cytoskeleton. Acta Trop 2019; 199:105122. [PMID: 31398313 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2019.105122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Echinococcus granulosus is a cestode parasite whose cytoskeleton plasticity allows it to enter and develop inside its hosts, completing thus its life cycle. We focused our attention on F-actin organization and distribution in E. granulosus protoscoleces (PSC) in order to contribute to the knowledge of the parasite cytoskeleton. In particular, we addressed some aspects of F-actin rearrangements in PSC at different stages of the evagination/invagination process. The use of light microscopy allowed us to identify different PSC structures and phalloidin staining displayed a parasite's highly organized F-actin cytoskeleton. Suckers exhibit an important musculature composed of a set of radial fibers. At the rostellum, the F-actin filaments are arranged in a bulbar shape with perforations that appear to be the attachment places for the hooks. Also, "circular" structures of F-actin were identified, which remind the flame cells. Furthermore, parasite F-actin filaments, unevenly distributed, seem to have remained substantially unchanged during the evagination/invagination process. Finally, we showed that the scolex of an evaginated E. granulosus PSC reinvaginates in vitro without any treatment.
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Ebrahimipour M, Afgar A, Barati M, Mohammadi MA, Harandi MF. Evaluation of the antigenic epitopes of EgAgB/1 and EgAgB/4 subunit antigens in G1 and G6 genotypes of Echinococcus granulosus using bioinformatics. GENE REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Cloning, expression, characterization, and immunological properties of citrate synthase from Echinococcus granulosus. Parasitol Res 2019; 118:1811-1820. [PMID: 31049696 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-019-06334-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The larval stages of the tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus (Cestoda: Taeniidae) are the causative agent of cystic echinococcosis, one of the most important parasitic zoonoses worldwide. E. granulosus has a complete pathway for the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA), in which citrate synthase (CS) is the key enzyme. Here, we cloned and expressed CS from E. granulosus (Eg-CS) and report its molecular characterization. The localization of this protein during different developmental stages and mRNA expression patterns during H2O2 treatment were determined. We found that Eg-CS is a highly conserved protein, consisting of 466 amino acids. In western blotting assays, recombinant Eg-CS (rEg-CS) reacted with E. granulosus-positive sheep sera and anti-rEg-CS rabbit sera, indicating that Eg-CS has good antigenicity and immunoreactivity. Localization studies, performed using immunohistochemistry, showed that Eg-CS is ubiquitously expressed in the larva, germinal layer, and adult worm sections of E. granulosus. Eg-CS mRNA expression levels increased following H2O2 exposure. In conclusion, citrate synthase might be involved in the metabolic process in E. granulosus. An assessment of the serodiagnostic potential of rEg-CS based on indirect ELISA showed that, although sensitivity (93.55%) and specificity (80.49%) are high, cross-reactivity with other parasites precludes its use as a diagnostic antigen.
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Basika T, Paludo GP, Araujo FM, Salim AC, Pais F, Maldonado L, Macchiaroli N, Camargo de Lima J, Rosenzvit M, Oliveira GC, Kamenetzky L, Ferreira HB. Transcriptomic profile of two developmental stages of the cestode parasite Mesocestoides corti. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2019; 229:35-46. [PMID: 30797776 DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Cestode development involves complex morphological and physiological changes. Here, we performed a differential expression analysis of gene transcripts between two developmental stages of the model cestode Mesocestoides corti. A RNA-seq-based approach was used to compare the transcriptomes of the tetrathyridium (larval, TT) and strobilated worm (ST) stages of the parasite. We found 19,053 transcripts, from which ∼45% were complete matches to genes previously annotated in the available M. corti draft genome sequence, ∼24% were considered novel isoforms, and ∼24% were considered potential novel transcripts. Stage-specific transcripts were found for both TTs (66) and STs (136), along with shared transcripts significantly overrepresented in one stage (342 in TTs, and 559 in STs). Differential expression and Gene Ontology term enrichment analyzes provided evidence of upregulation of different sets of transcripts associated with 'cytoskeleton', 'metabolism' and 'oxidation-reduction' processes in each stage, suggesting functional involvement of the corresponding genes with stage-specific features. Transcripts and processes enriched in the TT reflect typical larval processes that occur with the parasite in the intermediate host, such as asexual reproduction and budding, as well as active migration from the peritoneum to the liver and vice versa. In STs, transcripts associated with 'development', 'cell growth', and 'morphogenesis' were enriched, along with processes related to sexual reproduction, represented by the upregulation of numerous transcription factors, protein kinases, and histones. Overall, our results contributed to significantly increase the knowledge on the M. corti gene repertoire and expression profile in two developmental stages. Functional implications for the biology of larval and adult cestode parasites and for host-parasite interactions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Basika
- Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural e Funcional, Centro de Biotecnologia (CBiot), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Cestódeos, CBiot, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, CBiot, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - G P Paludo
- Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural e Funcional, Centro de Biotecnologia (CBiot), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, CBiot, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - F M Araujo
- Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - A C Salim
- Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - F Pais
- Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - L Maldonado
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - N Macchiaroli
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - J Camargo de Lima
- Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural e Funcional, Centro de Biotecnologia (CBiot), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, CBiot, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - M Rosenzvit
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - G C Oliveira
- Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Instituto Tecnológico Vale, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - L Kamenetzky
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - H B Ferreira
- Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural e Funcional, Centro de Biotecnologia (CBiot), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Cestódeos, CBiot, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, CBiot, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Biociências, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Sadjjadi SM, Ebrahimipour M, Sadjjadi FS. Comparison between Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto (G1) and E. canadensis (G6) mitochondrial genes (cox1 and nad1) and their related protein models using experimental and bioinformatics analysis. Comput Biol Chem 2019; 79:103-109. [PMID: 30769268 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cystic echinococcosis (CE) as a zoonotic parasitic disease, remains a health challenge in many parts of the world. There are different species of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato with different pathogenicity and host preferences.Different procedures have been applied for characterization of Echinococcus taxa in which two mitochondrial genes, cox1 and nad1 have been used more common. They have been able to differentiate E. granulosus sensu stricto and E. canadensis species in different hosts. The affinity of E. granulosus sensu stricto and E. canadensis species for localizing different organs seems to be different. To what such affinity and related pathogenicity could be related, is not known, so far. Bioinformatics analysis may be helpful to interpret such difference by investigating the genes and their related protein models between different species infecting human and animals. The current work was designed to study the differences between E. granulosus s.s. and E. canadensis species mitochondrial genes (cox1 and nad1) and related protein models of CE cysts by experimental and bioinformatics analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Different human and animal CE cysts were collected and their DNA was extracted and sequenced based on their cox1 and nad1 genes. In order to determine the E. granulosus s.s. and E. canadensis species of the samples, BLAST analysis was performed on sequenced genes. Three sequences were selected for analysis and were deposited in GenBank. Moreover, the sequence number of KT988116.1 which belonged to E. canadensis from our already deposited in GenBank was also selected. Alignment and phylogenetic analysis were performed on the sequences using BioEdit and MEGA7 software. The raw sequences of translated proteins belonged to the mentioned genes were obtained from Protein database in NCBI. The secondary structure was determined by PSIPRED Protein Sequence Analysis Workbench. The tertiary models of COX1 and NAD1 proteins in both genotypes were constructed using Modeler 9.12 software and their physicochemical features were computed using ProtParam tool in ExPASY server. RESULTS BLAST analysis on sequenced genes showed that the samples belonged to E. granulosus s.s. and E. canadensis species. These sequences were deposited in GenBank with accession numbers: JN579173.1, KF437811.1, and KY924632.1. The results showed that proteins of COX1 of E. granulosus s.s., COX1of E. canadensis, NAD1of E. granulosus s.s. and NAD1of E. canadensis species, consisted of 135, 122, 120 and 124 amino acids, respectively. The aligned sequences of translated proteins belonged to COX1 and NAD1 enzymes in E. granulosus s.s. and E. canadensis species were different; such that alignment COX1 sequence between E. granulosus s.s. and E. canadensis species showed that amino acids were different in 6 positions. This difference for NAD1 sequences were different in 19 positions. The secondary structure determined by PSIPRED showed differences in coil, strand and helix chains in COX1 and NAD1 proteins in E. granulosus s.s. and E. canadensis species. Comparison between three-dimensional structures (3D) of COX1 protein model in E. granulosus s.s. and E. canadensis species demonstrated an additional helix with two conserved iron binding sites in the COX1 protein of E. granulosus s.s. species. CONCLUSION E. granulosus s.s. and E. canadensis species differences are reflected in two important proteins: COX1 and NAD1. These differences are demonstrable in the 3D structure of proteins of both strains. So, the present study is adding to our understanding of the difference in molecular sequences between the E. granulosus s.s. (G1) and E. canadensis (G6) which may be used for interpreting the difference between the pathogenicity and localization affinity in these two important helminthic zoonosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mahmoud Sadjjadi
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Basic Sciences in Infectious Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Ebrahimipour
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sadat Sadjjadi
- Proteomics Research Center, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Wang H, Li J, Zhang C, Guo B, Wei Q, Li L, Yang N, Peter McManus D, Gao X, Zhang W, Wen H. Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto: silencing of thioredoxin peroxidase impairs the differentiation of protoscoleces into metacestodes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 25:57. [PMID: 30474598 PMCID: PMC6254101 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2018055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a cosmopolitan parasitic disease caused by infection with the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato. Thioredoxin peroxidase (TPx) may play an essential role in the antioxidant defence system of E. granulosus s.l. as neither catalase nor glutathione peroxidase activities have been detected in the parasite. However, it is not known whether TPx affects the survival and growth of E. granulosus s.l. during development. In this study, three fragments of siRNA specific for EgTPx (siRNA-1/2/3) were designed and transfected into protoscoleces of E. granulosus sensu stricto by electroporation. Quantitative real-time PCR and Western blotting analysis showed that siRNA-3 significantly reduced the expression of EgTPx. Coincidentally, knockdown of EgTPx expression in protoscoleces with siRNA-3 significantly reduced the viability of the parasite under oxidative stress induced by 0.6 mM H2O2. In vitro culture studies showed that protoscoleces treated with siRNA-3 reduced pre-microcyst formation. In vivo experiments showed that injecting mice intraperitoneally with protoscoleces treated with siRNA-3 resulted in a significant reduction in the number, size and weight of CE cysts compared with those of control animals. Silencing of EgTPx led to the impairment of growth of E. granulosus s.s. both in vitro and in vivo, indicating that EgTPx is an important factor for protoscoleces survival and plays an important role in the antioxidant defence against the host during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Branch of The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Changji, Xinjiang 831100, PR China - State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention, Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Clinical Medicine Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, PR China
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention, Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Clinical Medicine Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, PR China
| | - Chuanshan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention, Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Clinical Medicine Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, PR China
| | - Baoping Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention, Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Clinical Medicine Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, PR China
| | - Qin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention, Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Clinical Medicine Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, PR China
| | - Liang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention, Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Clinical Medicine Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, PR China
| | - Ning Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention, Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Clinical Medicine Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, PR China
| | - Donald Peter McManus
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Division, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - Xiaoli Gao
- Pharmacy College of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, PR China
| | - Wenbao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention, Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Clinical Medicine Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, PR China
| | - Hao Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention, Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Clinical Medicine Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, PR China - Branch of The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Changji, Xinjiang 831100, PR China
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Młocicki D, Sulima A, Bień J, Näreaho A, Zawistowska-Deniziak A, Basałaj K, Sałamatin R, Conn DB, Savijoki K. Immunoproteomics and Surfaceomics of the Adult Tapeworm Hymenolepis diminuta. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2487. [PMID: 30483248 PMCID: PMC6240649 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In cestodiasis, mechanical and molecular contact between the parasite and the host activates the immune response of the host and may result in inflammatory processes, leading to ulceration and intestinal dysfunctions. The aim of the present study was to identify antigenic proteins of the adult cestode Hymenolepis diminuta by subjecting the total protein extracts from adult tapeworms to 2DE immunoblotting (two-dimensional electrophoresis combined with immunoblotting) using sera collected from experimentally infected rats. A total of 36 protein spots cross-reacting with the rat sera were identified using LC-MS/MS. As a result, 68 proteins, including certain structural muscle proteins (actin, myosin, and paramyosin) and moonlighters (heat shock proteins, kinases, phosphatases, and glycolytic enzymes) were identified; most of these were predicted to possess binding and/or catalytic activity required in various metabolic and cellular processes, and reported here as potential antigens of the adult cestode for the first time. As several of these antigens can also be found at the cell surface, the surface-associated proteins were extracted and subjected to in-solution digestion for LC-MS/MS identification (surfaceomics). As a result, a total of 76 proteins were identified, from which 31 proteins, based on 2DE immunoblotting, were predicted to be immunogenic. These included structural proteins actin, myosin and tubulin as well as certain moonlighting proteins (heat-shock chaperones) while enzymes with diverse catalytic activities were found as the most dominating group of proteins. In conclusion, the present study shed new light into the complexity of the enteric cestodiasis by showing that the H. diminuta somatic proteins exposed to the host possess immunomodulatory functions, and that the immune response of the host could be stimulated by diverse mechanisms, involving also those triggering protein export via yet unknown pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Młocicki
- Department of General Biology and ParasitologyMedical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Witold Stefański Institute of ParasitologyPolish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Sulima
- Department of General Biology and ParasitologyMedical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Justyna Bień
- Witold Stefański Institute of ParasitologyPolish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anu Näreaho
- Department of Veterinary BiosciencesUniversity of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Katarzyna Basałaj
- Witold Stefański Institute of ParasitologyPolish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Rusłan Sałamatin
- Department of General Biology and ParasitologyMedical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Parasitology and Vector-Borne DiseasesNational Institute of Public Health–National Institute of Hygiene, Warsaw, Poland
| | - David Bruce Conn
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard UniversityCambridge, MA, United States
- One Health Center, Berry CollegeMount Berry, GA, United States
| | - Kirsi Savijoki
- Division of Pharmaceutical BiosciencesUniversity of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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TAOXIANG HAI, BAO-CHENGHAO BAOCHENGHAO, XING XIAOYONG, FENG-QINWEN FENGQINWEN. Proteomic analysis of Taenia hydatigena metacestode by high performance liquid chromatography-coupled tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.56093/ijans.v88i8.82909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This study determined the profile of proteins in T. hydatigena metacestode by LC-MS/MS. Furthermore, comparison of 6 tapeworms revealed the presence of Taenia-specific filamin proteins and Echinococcus-specific UGPase proteins. These data provide clues for better understanding of T. hydatigena biological characteristics, which provides a new choice for screening of new diagnostic antigens for differential diagnosis of diseases by coinfections of various tapeworm metacestodes.
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Hernández-González A, Sánchez-Ovejero C, Manzano-Román R, González Sánchez M, Delgado JM, Pardo-García T, Soriano-Gálvez F, Akhan O, Cretu CM, Vutova K, Tamarozzi F, Mariconti M, Brunetti E, Vola A, Fabiani M, Casulli A, Siles-Lucas M. Evaluation of the recombinant antigens B2t and 2B2t, compared with hydatid fluid, in IgG-ELISA and immunostrips for the diagnosis and follow up of CE patients. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018; 12:e0006741. [PMID: 30188936 PMCID: PMC6143278 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is one of the most widespread helminthic zoonoses and is caused by the tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus complex. CE diagnosis and monitoring primarily rely on imaging techniques, complemented by serology. This is usually approached by the detection of IgG antibodies against hydatid fluid (HF), but the use of this heterogeneous antigenic mixture results in a variable percentage of false positive and negative results, and has shown to be useless for follow-up due to the long persistence of anti-HF antibodies in cured patients. To improve test performances and standardization, a number of recombinant antigens mainly derived from HF have been described, among them the B2t and 2B2t antigens. The performance of these antigens in the diagnosis and follow up of patients with CE has been so far evaluated on a limited number of samples. Here, we evaluated the performances of tests based on B2t and 2B2t recombinant antigens compared to HF in IgG-ELISA and immunochromatography (IC) for the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with CE in a retrospective cohort study. A total of 721 serum samples were collected: 587 from 253 patients with CE diagnosed by ultrasonography (US), 42 from patients with alveolar echinococcosis and 92 from healthy donors from Salamanca (Spain). The highest overall sensitivity was obtained with HF in ELISA (85.5%), followed by IC containing HF and 2B2t-HF (83.0% and 78.2%, respectively). The lowest sensitivity was obtained with B2t and 2B2t in ELISA (51.8%). The highest specificity was obtained with IC containing 2B2t-HF (100%), and the lowest with HF-ELISA (78.0%). The lowest cross-reactivity with sera from patients with alveolar echinococcosis was detected with the recombinant antigens in ELISA (9.5% - 16.7%) and the highest with the HF-IC (64.3%). The results of B2t and 2B2t-ELISA were influenced by cyst stage, as classified by US according to the WHO-Informal Working Group on Echinococcosis (WHO-IWGE), with low sensitivity for inactive (CE4 and CE5) cysts, and by the drug treatment, with higher sensitivity in patients after drug treatment compared with patients not subjected to drug treatment. The two recombinant antigens in ELISA provided promising results for monitoring patients in follow-up, although their use is limited to patients with positive serology against them at the beginning of the follow-up. Potential biological reasons behind the low sensitivity of the recombinant antigens and possible strategies to enhance the performance of CE serology are discussed. Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a helminthic zoonosis caused by Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato. CE diagnosis and monitoring is of paramount importance for the clinical management of patients and primarily rely on imaging techniques, complemented by serology. CE serology is usually based on the detection of antibodies against hydatid fluid (HF), but the use of this heterogeneous antigenic mixture shows several drawbacks, including false positive and negative results, unsatisfied predictive values, and long persistence of detectable antibody levels in cured patients. As an alternative, to improve test performances and standardization, several recombinant antigens have been described, but these have been so far evaluated only on a limited number of samples. Here, two recombinant antigens derived from one of the immunodominant HF antigens (antigen B2) have been tested in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and in immunochromatographic strips (IC) against 721 serum samples. Although more specific than the HF, the recombinant antigens in ELISA showed low sensitivity for patients with inactive (CE4 and CE5) cysts and for patients not subjected to drug treatment. This limited their use for follow-up, although promising, to those patients with positive serology at the beginning of the follow-up period. These results will aid in the future development of a serological test with enhanced performance in the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with CE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Hernández-González
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Sánchez-Ovejero
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Salamanca (IRNASA-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Raúl Manzano-Román
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Salamanca (IRNASA-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
| | - María González Sánchez
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Salamanca (IRNASA-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Okan Akhan
- Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Carmen M. Cretu
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Colentina Clinical Hospital - Parasitology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Kamenna Vutova
- Specialised Hospital of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases "Prof. Ivan Kirov", Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Tropical Diseases, Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Francesca Tamarozzi
- Centre for Tropical Diseases, Sacro Cuore-Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar, Verona, Italy
| | - Mara Mariconti
- Department of Clinical Surgical Diagnostic and Paediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Enrico Brunetti
- Department of Clinical Surgical Diagnostic and Paediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, and Division of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, San Matteo Hospital Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Ambra Vola
- San Matteo Hospital Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Massimo Fabiani
- Infectious Diseases Department, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Adriano Casulli
- WHO Collaborating Centre for the epidemiology, detection and control of cystic and alveolar echinococcosis, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
- European Reference Laboratory for Parasites (EURLP), Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Mar Siles-Lucas
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Salamanca (IRNASA-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Yu A, Wang Y, Yin J, Zhang J, Cao S, Cao J, Shen Y. Microarray analysis of long non-coding RNA expression profiles in monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells in Echinococcus granulosus-infected mice. Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:327. [PMID: 29848344 PMCID: PMC5977751 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-2905-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cystic echinococcosis is a worldwide chronic zoonotic disease caused by infection with the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus. Previously, we found significant accumulation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in E. granulosus infection mouse models and that they play a key role in immunosuppressing T lymphocytes. Here, we compared the long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) and mRNA expression patterns between the splenic monocytic MDSCs (M-MDSCs) of E. granulosus protoscoleces-infected mice and normal mice using microarray analysis. Methods LncRNA functions were predicted using Gene Ontology enrichment and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis. Cis- and trans-regulation analyses revealed potential relationships between the lncRNAs and their target genes or related transcription factors. Results We found that 649 lncRNAs were differentially expressed (fold change ≥ 2, P < 0.05): 582 lncRNAs were upregulated and 67 lncRNAs were downregulated; respectively, 28 upregulated mRNAs and 1043 downregulated mRNAs were differentially expressed. The microarray data was validated by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR. The results indicated that mRNAs co-expressed with the lncRNAs are mainly involved in regulating the actin cytoskeleton, Salmonella infection, leishmaniasis, and the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling pathway. The lncRNA NONMMUT021591 was predicted to cis-regulate the retinoblastoma gene (Rb1), whose expression is associated with abnormal M-MDSCs differentiation. We found that 372 lncRNAs were predicted to interact with 60 transcription factors; among these, C/EBPβ (CCAAT/enhancer binding protein beta) was previously demonstrated to be a transcription factor of MDSCs. Conclusions Our study identified dysregulated lncRNAs in the M-MDSCs of E. granulosus infection mouse models; they might be involved in M-MDSC-derived immunosuppression in related diseases. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13071-018-2905-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiping Yu
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, MOH, Shanghai, 200025, China.,National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, China.,WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Ying Wang
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, MOH, Shanghai, 200025, China.,National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, China.,WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jianhai Yin
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, MOH, Shanghai, 200025, China.,National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, China.,WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, MOH, Shanghai, 200025, China.,National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, China.,WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Shengkui Cao
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, MOH, Shanghai, 200025, China.,National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, China.,WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jianping Cao
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200025, China. .,Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, MOH, Shanghai, 200025, China. .,National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, China. .,WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Yujuan Shen
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200025, China. .,Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, MOH, Shanghai, 200025, China. .,National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, China. .,WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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Sulima A, Savijoki K, Bień J, Näreaho A, Sałamatin R, Conn DB, Młocicki D. Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Hymenolepis diminuta Cysticercoid and Adult Stages. Front Microbiol 2018; 8:2672. [PMID: 29379475 PMCID: PMC5775281 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cestodiases are common parasitic diseases of animals and humans. As cestodes have complex lifecycles, hexacanth larvae, metacestodes (including cysticercoids), and adults produce proteins allowing them to establish invasion and to survive in the hostile environment of the host. Hymenolepis diminuta is the most commonly used model cestode in experimental parasitology. The aims of the present study were to perform a comparative proteomic analysis of two consecutive developmental stages of H. diminuta (cysticercoid and adult) and to distinguish proteins which might be characteristic for each of the stages from those shared by both stages. Somatic proteins of H. diminuta were isolated from 6-week-old cysticercoids and adult tapeworms. Cysticercoids were obtained from experimentally infected beetles, Tenebrio molitor, whereas adult worms were collected from experimentally infected rats. Proteins were separated by GeLC-MS/MS (one dimensional gel electrophoresis coupled with liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry). Additionally protein samples were digested in-liquid and identified by LC-MS/MS. The identified proteins were classified according to molecular function, cellular components and biological processes. Our study showed a number of differences and similarities in the protein profiles of cysticercoids and adults; 233 cysticercoid and 182 adult proteins were identified. From these proteins, 131 were present only in the cysticercoid and 80 only in the adult stage samples. Both developmental stages shared 102 proteins; among which six represented immunomodulators and one is a potential drug target. In-liquid digestion and LC-MS/MS complemented and confirmed some of the GeLC-MS/MS identifications. Possible roles and functions of proteins identified with both proteomic approaches are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Sulima
- Department of General Biology and Parasitology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kirsi Savijoki
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Justyna Bień
- Witold Stefanski Institute of Parasitology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anu Näreaho
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rusłan Sałamatin
- Department of General Biology and Parasitology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Parasitology and Vector-Borne Diseases, National Institute of Public Health-National Institute of Hygiene, Warsaw, Poland
| | - David Bruce Conn
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States.,One Health Center, Berry College, Mount Berry, GA, United States
| | - Daniel Młocicki
- Department of General Biology and Parasitology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.,Witold Stefanski Institute of Parasitology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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Salinas G, Gao W, Wang Y, Bonilla M, Yu L, Novikov A, Virginio VG, Ferreira HB, Vieites M, Gladyshev VN, Gambino D, Dai S. The Enzymatic and Structural Basis for Inhibition of Echinococcus granulosus Thioredoxin Glutathione Reductase by Gold(I). Antioxid Redox Signal 2017; 27:1491-1504. [PMID: 28463568 PMCID: PMC5678357 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2016.6816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
AIMS New drugs are needed to treat flatworm infections that cause severe human diseases such as schistosomiasis. The unique flatworm enzyme thioredoxin glutathione reductase (TGR), structurally different from the human enzyme, is a key drug target. Structural studies of the flatworm Echinococcus granulosus TGR, free and complexed with AuI-MPO, a novel gold inhibitor, together with inhibition assays were performed. RESULTS AuI-MPO is a potent TGR inhibitor that achieves 75% inhibition at a 1:1 TGR:Au ratio and efficiently kills E. granulosus in vitro. The structures revealed salient insights: (i) unique monomer-monomer interactions, (ii) distinct binding sites for thioredoxin and the glutaredoxin (Grx) domain, (iii) a single glutathione disulfide reduction site in the Grx domain, (iv) rotation of the Grx domain toward the Sec-containing redox active site, and (v) a single gold atom bound to Cys519 and Cys573 in the AuI-TGR complex. Structural modeling suggests that these residues are involved in the stabilization of the Sec-containing C-terminus. Consistently, Cys→Ser mutations in these residues decreased TGR activities. Mass spectroscopy confirmed these cysteines are the primary binding site. INNOVATION The identification of a primary site for gold binding and the structural model provide a basis for gold compound optimization through scaffold adjustments. CONCLUSIONS The structural study revealed that TGR functions are achieved not only through a mobile Sec-containing redox center but also by rotation of the Grx domain and distinct binding sites for Grx domain and thioredoxin. The conserved Cys519 and Cys573 residues targeted by gold assist catalysis through stabilization of the Sec-containing redox center. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 27, 1491-1504.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Salinas
- Worm Biology Lab, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Cátedra de Inmunología, Facultad de Química, Instituto de Higiene, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Denver, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
- School of Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Denver, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Mariana Bonilla
- Cátedra de Inmunología, Facultad de Química, Instituto de Higiene, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Redox Biology of Trypanosomes, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Long Yu
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Denver, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Andrey Novikov
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Denver, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Veridiana G. Virginio
- Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural e Funcional, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Henrique B. Ferreira
- Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural e Funcional, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Marisol Vieites
- Cátedra de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Vadim N. Gladyshev
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Dinorah Gambino
- Cátedra de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Shaodong Dai
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Denver, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
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Zheng Y. Proteomic analysis of Taenia hydatigena cyst fluid reveals unique internal microenvironment. Acta Trop 2017; 176:224-227. [PMID: 28837787 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Taenia hydatigena is a parasitic flatworm that is widely distributed around the world. Using MS/MS, the proteome of T. hydatigena cyst fluid (CF) was profiled and a total of 520 proteins were identified, 430 of which were of sheep origin. T. hydatigena shared 37 parasite-origin and 109 host-origin CF proteins with Echinococcus granulosus. Compared with E. granulosus, T. hydatigena had much more CF proteins associated with amino acid synthesis and complement cascades. In addition, glutamate metabolism and anti-oxidative reactions were identified as relatively more important events. These results suggest that T. hydatigena metacestodes have internal microenvironment with special immune and oxidative conditions.
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Sulima A, Bień J, Savijoki K, Näreaho A, Sałamatin R, Conn DB, Młocicki D. Identification of immunogenic proteins of the cysticercoid of Hymenolepis diminuta. Parasit Vectors 2017; 10:577. [PMID: 29157281 PMCID: PMC5697066 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-017-2519-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A wide range of molecules are used by tapeworm metacestodes to establish successful infection in the hostile environment of the host. Reports indicating the proteins in the cestode-host interactions are limited predominantly to taeniids, with no previous data available for non-taeniid species. A non-taeniid, Hymenolepis diminuta, represents one of the most important model species in cestode biology and exhibits an exceptional developmental plasticity in its life-cycle, which involves two phylogenetically distant hosts, arthropod and vertebrate. Results We identified H. diminuta cysticercoid proteins that were recognized by sera of H. diminuta-infected rats using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE), 2D-immunoblotting, and LC-MS/MS mass spectrometry. Proteomic analysis of 42 antigenic spots revealed 70 proteins. The largest number belonged to structural proteins and to the heat-shock protein (HSP) family. These results show a number of the antigenic proteins of the cysticercoid stage, which were present already in the insect host prior to contact with the mammal host. These are the first parasite antigens that the mammal host encounters after the infection, therefore they may represent some of the molecules important in host-parasite interactions at the early stage of infection. Conclusions These results could help in understanding how H. diminuta and other cestodes adapt to their diverse and complex parasitic life-cycles and show universal molecules used among diverse groups of cestodes to escape the host response to infection. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13071-017-2519-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Sulima
- Department of General Biology and Parasitology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Justyna Bień
- Witold Stefański Institute of Parasitology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kirsi Savijoki
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anu Näreaho
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rusłan Sałamatin
- Department of General Biology and Parasitology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Medical Parasitology, National Institute of Public Health - National Institute of Hygiene, Warsaw, Poland
| | - David Bruce Conn
- One Health Center, Berry College, Mount Berry, GA, USA.,Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Daniel Młocicki
- Department of General Biology and Parasitology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland. .,Witold Stefański Institute of Parasitology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
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Lu YJ, Chen DS, Hao WT, Xu HW, Zhang YW, Sun FF, Pan W. In silico characterization of Echinococcus granulosus paramyosin nucleotide sequence for the development of epitope vaccine against cystic echinococcosis. Helminthologia 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/helm-2017-0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Summary
The paramyosin (Pmy) protein has been presented as a potential vaccine candidate against Schistosoma spp. However, it remains elusive whether it works in controlling cystic echinococcosis (CE), which is caused by the larval stages of Echinococcus granulosus (E. granulosus). This study investigated the characteristics of E. granulosus Pmy (EgPmy) using in silico analysis and evaluated its potential as an epitope vaccine. The secondary structure was predicted by SOPMA software and linear B-cell epitopes were screened by the Kolaskar and Tongaonkar’s method on IEBD while conformational B-cell epitopes were predicted by the Ellipro. Additionally, the epitopes of cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) were analyzed by the NetCTL-1.2 server. The results showed that α-helices, extended strands, random coils and β-turns accounted for 84.82 %, 6.60 %, 5.56 % and 3.01 % in EgPmy’s secondary structure, respectively. A total of 29 linear B-cell epitopes and 6 conformational epitopes were identified together with 25 CTL epitopes. The CTL epitope 709KLEEAEAFA717 showed a high potential to elicit CTL response. These results suggested that EgPmy has a strong immunogenicity, which could serve as a reference for the development of EgPmy-based epitope vaccine against CE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y.-J. Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism , Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Laboratory of Infection and Immunity , Xuzhou Medical University , 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou 221004 , Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine , Xuzhou Medical University , 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou 221004 , Jiangsu Province, China
| | - D.-Sh. Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism , Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Laboratory of Infection and Immunity , Xuzhou Medical University , 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou 221004 , Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine , Xuzhou Medical University , 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou 221004 , Jiangsu Province, China
| | - W.-T. Hao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism , Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Laboratory of Infection and Immunity , Xuzhou Medical University , 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou 221004 , Jiangsu Province, China
| | - H.-W. Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism , Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Laboratory of Infection and Immunity , Xuzhou Medical University , 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou 221004 , Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine , Xuzhou Medical University , 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou 221004 , Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Y.-W. Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism , Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Laboratory of Infection and Immunity , Xuzhou Medical University , 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou 221004 , Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine , Xuzhou Medical University , 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou 221004 , Jiangsu Province, China
| | - F.-F. Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism , Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Laboratory of Infection and Immunity , Xuzhou Medical University , 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou 221004 , Jiangsu Province, China
| | - W. Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism , Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Laboratory of Infection and Immunity , Xuzhou Medical University , 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou 221004 , Jiangsu Province, China
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Grubor NM, Jovanova-Nesic KD, Shoenfeld Y. Liver cystic echinococcosis and human host immune and autoimmune follow-up: A review. World J Hepatol 2017; 9:1176-1189. [PMID: 29109850 PMCID: PMC5666304 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v9.i30.1176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is an infectious disease caused by the larvae of parasite Echinococcus granulosus (E. granulosus). To successfully establish an infection, parasite release some substances and molecules that can modulate host immune functions, stimulating a strong anti-inflammatory reaction to carry favor to host and to reserve self-survival in the host. The literature was reviewed using MEDLINE, and an open access search for immunology of hydatidosis was performed. Accumulating data from animal experiments and human studies provided us with exciting insights into the mechanisms involved that affect all parts of immunity. In this review we used the existing scientific data and discuss how these findings assisted with a better understanding of the immunology of E. granulosus infection in man. The aim of this study is to point the several facts that challenge immune and autoimmune responses to protect E. granulosus from elimination and to minimize host severe pathology. Understanding the immune mechanisms of E. granulosus infection in an intermediate human host will provide, we believe, a more useful treatment with immunomodulating molecules and possibly better protection from parasitic infections. Besides that, the diagnosis of CE has improved due to the application of a new molecular tool for parasite identification by using of new recombinant antigens and immunogenic peptides. More studies for the better understanding of the mechanisms of parasite immune evasion is necessary. It will enable a novel approach in protection, detection and improving of the host inflammatory responses. In contrast, according to the "hygiene hypothesis", clinical applications that decrease the incidence of infection in developed countries and recently in developing countries are at the origin of the increasing incidence of both allergic and autoimmune diseases. Thus, an understanding of the immune mechanisms of E. granulosus infection is extremely important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikica M Grubor
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Surgical University Hospital, Clinical Center of Serbia, School of Medicine University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Katica D Jovanova-Nesic
- Immunology Research Center, Institute of Virology, Vaccine and Sera-Torlak, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
- European Center for Peace and Development, University for Peace in the United Nation established in Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Yehuda Shoenfeld
- Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, 5265601 Tel-Hashomer, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Valot B, Rognon B, Prenel A, Baraquin A, Knapp J, Anelli M, Richou C, Bresson-Hadni S, Grenouillet F, Wang J, Vuitton DA, Gottstein B, Millon L. Screening of antigenic vesicular fluid proteins of Echinococcus multilocularis as potential viability biomarkers to monitor drug response in alveolar echinococcosis patients. Proteomics Clin Appl 2017; 11. [PMID: 28697272 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201700010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The only drugs available to treat alveolar echinococcosis (AE) are mostly parasitostatic and in many cases prescribed for life. Decision criteria for discontinuation rely on the absence of parasitic viability. The aim of the present study is to search for candidate proteins that may exhibit good potential as biomarkers for viability. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Sixteen serum samples (five healthy controls, 11 patients with AE), are used. AE-patients are classified into three groups "Cured" (n = 2), "ABZ-responders" (n = 4) and "ABZ-nonresponders" (n = 5). Immunoreactive proteins from vesicular fluid (VF) are identified and quantified by LC-MS/MS analysis after immunoprecipitation (IP) using all 16 serum samples. RESULTS Shotgun analysis of VF lead to the identification of 107 E. multilocularis proteins. Comparative proteomics reveal nine proteins more abundant in IP eluates from ABZ-nonresponder patients (cathepsin b, prosaposin a preprotein, actin modulator protein, fucosidase alpha L1 tissue, gluthatione-S-tranferase, beta galactosidase, elongation factor 2, H17g protein tegumental antigen, and NiemannPick C2 protein). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Detection of antibodies against these proteins by ELISA could be helpful to monitor the course of alveolar echinococcosis under albendazole (ABZ) treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoît Valot
- UMR/CNRS 6249 Chrono-Environnement, University of Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Bénédicte Rognon
- UMR/CNRS 6249 Chrono-Environnement, University of Franche-Comté, Besançon, France.,Parasitology-Mycology Department, University Hospital of Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - Anais Prenel
- UMR/CNRS 6249 Chrono-Environnement, University of Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Alice Baraquin
- UMR/CNRS 6249 Chrono-Environnement, University of Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Jenny Knapp
- UMR/CNRS 6249 Chrono-Environnement, University of Franche-Comté, Besançon, France.,Parasitology-Mycology Department, University Hospital of Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - Mathilde Anelli
- UMR/CNRS 6249 Chrono-Environnement, University of Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Carine Richou
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Prevention and Treatment of Echinococcosis, and French National Reference Centre for Alveolar Echinococcosis, University Hospital of Besançon, Besançon, France.,Hepatology Department, University Hospital of Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - Solange Bresson-Hadni
- Parasitology-Mycology Department, University Hospital of Besançon, Besançon, France.,WHO Collaborating Centre for Prevention and Treatment of Echinococcosis, and French National Reference Centre for Alveolar Echinococcosis, University Hospital of Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - Frederic Grenouillet
- UMR/CNRS 6249 Chrono-Environnement, University of Franche-Comté, Besançon, France.,Parasitology-Mycology Department, University Hospital of Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - Junhua Wang
- Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute of Parasitology, University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland
| | - Dominique Angèle Vuitton
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Prevention and Treatment of Echinococcosis, and French National Reference Centre for Alveolar Echinococcosis, University Hospital of Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - Bruno Gottstein
- Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute of Parasitology, University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland
| | - Laurence Millon
- UMR/CNRS 6249 Chrono-Environnement, University of Franche-Comté, Besançon, France.,Parasitology-Mycology Department, University Hospital of Besançon, Besançon, France
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Pan W, Hao WT, Shen YJ, Li XY, Wang YJ, Sun FF, Yin JH, Zhang J, Tang RX, Cao JP, Zheng KY. The excretory-secretory products of Echinococcus granulosus protoscoleces directly regulate the differentiation of B10, B17 and Th17 cells. Parasit Vectors 2017; 10:348. [PMID: 28732522 PMCID: PMC5520350 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-017-2263-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Excretory-secretory products (ESPs) released by helminths are well-known to regulate T cell responses in the host. However, their direct influence in the differentiation of naïve T cells, and especially B cells, remains largely unknown. This study investigated the effects of Echinococcus granulosus protoscoleces ESPs (EgPSC-ESPs) on the differentiation of IL-10-producing B cells (B10), IL-17A-producing B cells (B17) and Th17 cells. Methods BALB/c mice injected with EgPSC were used to evaluate the in vivo profiles of B10, B17 and Th17 cells. In vitro purified CD19+ B and naïve CD4+ T cells were cultured in the presence of native, heat-inactivated or periodate-treated EgPSC-ESPs, and the differentiation of these cell subsets were compared. Results In contrast to the control group, infected mice showed higher frequencies of B10, B17 and Th17 cells, and higher levels of IL-10 and IL-17A in the sera. Interestingly, B17 cells were first identified to express CD19+CD1dhigh. In vitro, B cells cultured with native ESPs exhibited a higher percentage of B10 cells but lower percentage of B17 and Th17 cells compared to the PBS group. Moreover, the relative expression of IL-10 and IL-17A mRNA were consistent with the altered frequencies. However, ESPs subjected to heat-inactivation or periodate treatment exhibited an inverse effect on the induction of these cell subsets. Conclusions Our findings indicate that ESPs released by EgPSC can directly regulate the differentiation of B10, B17 and Th17 cells, which appear to be heat-labile and carbohydrate-dependent. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-017-2263-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism; Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China.,National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Ting Hao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism; Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yu-Juan Shen
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang-Yang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism; Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yan-Juan Wang
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Fen-Fen Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism; Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jian-Hai Yin
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Ren-Xian Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism; Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jian-Ping Cao
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China.
| | - Kui-Yang Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism; Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China.
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46
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Zeghir-Bouteldja R, Polomé A, Bousbata S, Touil-Boukoffa C. Comparative proteome profiling of hydatid fluid from Algerian patients reveals cyst location-related variation in Echinococcus granulosus. Acta Trop 2017; 171:199-206. [PMID: 28412048 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Human cystic echinococcosis, an endemic zoonosis in Algeria, is caused by larvae of the cestode Echinococcus granulosus. Parasitic modulation of the immune response allows E. granulosus to persist in intermediate hosts. Previous in vitro and in vivo immunological studies have shown differences in host immune responses according to the status and location of the hydatid cysts in the body. In this study, a proteomic analysis of human hydatid fluids was performed to identify the proteins in hydatid cyst fluids. Hydatid fluid was obtained after cystic surgical removal from three patients with these cysts. The study was conducted on fertile hydatid fluids from lungs, vertebra, and infertile paravertebral fluids. Comparisons of the protein compositions of these fluids revealed differences in their protein profiles. These differences are probably related to the cyst location and fertility status of the parasite. Notably, our analysis identified new proteins from the parasite and human host. The identification of host proteins in hydatid fluids indicates that the hydatid walls are permeable allowing a high protein exchange rate between the metacestode and the affected tissue. Interestingly, our study also revealed that parasite antigenic protein expression variations reflect the differences observed in host immunostimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razika Zeghir-Bouteldja
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Team 'Cytokines and NO Synthases' Faculty of Biological Science University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene, USTHB, PB 32 El-Alia, Algiers 16111, Algeria; Department of Biological Science, Akli Mohand Oulhadj University, Bouira, Algeria.
| | - Andy Polomé
- Proteomic Platform, Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium.
| | - Sabrina Bousbata
- Proteomic Platform, Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium.
| | - Chafia Touil-Boukoffa
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Team 'Cytokines and NO Synthases' Faculty of Biological Science University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene, USTHB, PB 32 El-Alia, Algiers 16111, Algeria.
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Monteiro KM, Lorenzatto KR, de Lima JC, Dos Santos GB, Förster S, Paludo GP, Carvalho PC, Brehm K, Ferreira HB. Comparative proteomics of hydatid fluids from two Echinococcus multilocularis isolates. J Proteomics 2017; 162:40-51. [PMID: 28442449 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2017.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The hydatid fluid (HF) that fills Echinococcus multilocularis metacestode vesicles is a complex mixture of proteins from both parasite and host origin. Here, a LC-MS/MS approach was used to compare the HF composition of E. multilocularis H95 and G8065 isolates (EmH95 and EmG8065, respectively), which present differences in terms of growth and fertility. Overall, 446 unique proteins were identified, 392 of which (88%) were from parasite origin and 54 from culture medium. At least 256 of parasite proteins were sample exclusive, and 82 of the 136 shared proteins presented differential abundance between E. multilocularis isolates. The parasite's protein repertoires in EmH95 and EmG8065 HF samples presented qualitative and quantitative differences involving antigens, signaling proteins, proteolytic enzymes, protease inhibitors and chaperones, highlighting intraspecific singularities that could be correlated to biological features of each isolate. The repertoire of medium proteins found in the HF was also differential between isolates, and the relevance of the HF exogenous protein content for the parasite's biology is discussed. The repertoires of identified proteins also provided potential molecular markers for important biological features, such as parasite growth rate and fertility, as well potential protein targets for the development of novel diagnostic and treatment strategies for alveolar echinococcosis. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE E. multilocularis metacestode infection of mammal hosts involve complex interactions mediated by excretory/secretory (ES) products. The hydatid fluid (HF) that fills the E. multilocularis metacestode vesicles contains complex repertoires of parasite ES products and host proteins that mediate important molecular interactions determinant for parasite survival and development, and, consequently, to the infection outcome. HF has been also extensively reported as the main source of proteins for the immunodiagnosis of echinococcosis. The performed proteomic analysis provided a comprehensive profiling of the HF protein composition of two E. multilocularis isolates. This allowed us to identify proteins of both parasite and exogenous (medium) origin, many of which present significant differential abundances between parasite isolates and may correlate to their differential biological features, including fertility and growth rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina M Monteiro
- Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural e Funcional, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Instituto de Biociências, Centro de Biotecnologia, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Karina R Lorenzatto
- Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural e Funcional, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Biotecnologia, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Jeferson C de Lima
- Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural e Funcional, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Biotecnologia, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Guilherme B Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Cestódeos, Centro de Biotecnologia, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Biotecnologia, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Sabine Förster
- University of Würzburg, Institute of Hygiene and Microbiology, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Gabriela P Paludo
- Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural e Funcional, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Biotecnologia, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Paulo C Carvalho
- Laboratório de Proteômica e Engenharia de Proteínas, Instituto Carlos Chagas, FIOCRUZ, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Klaus Brehm
- University of Würzburg, Institute of Hygiene and Microbiology, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Henrique B Ferreira
- Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural e Funcional, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Instituto de Biociências, Centro de Biotecnologia, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Siles-Lucas M, Sánchez-Ovejero C, González-Sánchez M, González E, Falcón-Pérez JM, Boufana B, Fratini F, Casulli A, Manzano-Román R. Isolation and characterization of exosomes derived from fertile sheep hydatid cysts. Vet Parasitol 2017; 236:22-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2017.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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49
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Zheng Y. Proteomic analysis of Taenia ovis metacestodes by high performance liquid chromatography-coupled tandem mass spectrometry. Vet Parasitol 2017; 236:113-116. [PMID: 28288753 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2017.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Taenia ovis metacestodes reside in the muscle of sheep and goats, and may cause great economic loss due to condemnation of carcasses if not effectively controlled. Although advances have been made in the control of T. ovis infection, our knowledge of T. ovis biology is limited. Herein the protein profiling of T. ovis metacestodes was determined by liquid chromatography-linked tandem mass spectrometry. A total of 966 proteins were identified and 25.1% (188/748) were annotated to be associated with metabolic pathways. Consistently, GO analysis returned a metabolic process (16.27%) as one of two main biological process terms. Moreover, it was found that 24 proteins, including very low-density lipoprotein receptor, enolase, paramyosin and endophilin B1, were abundant in T. ovis metacestodes. These proteins may be associated with motility, metabolism, signaling, stress, drug resistance and immune responses. Furthermore, comparative analysis of 5 cestodes revealed the presence of Taenia-specific enolases. These data provide clues for better understanding of T. ovis biology, which is informative for effective control of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Lanzhou 730046, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China.
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50
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Brehm K, Koziol U. Echinococcus-Host Interactions at Cellular and Molecular Levels. ADVANCES IN PARASITOLOGY 2017; 95:147-212. [PMID: 28131363 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apar.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The potentially lethal zoonotic diseases alveolar and cystic echinococcosis are caused by the metacestode larval stages of the tapeworms Echinococcus multilocularis and Echinococcus granulosus, respectively. In both cases, metacestode growth and proliferation occurs within the inner organs of mammalian hosts, which is associated with complex molecular host-parasite interactions that regulate nutrient uptake by the parasite as well as metacestode persistence and development. Using in vitro cultivation systems for parasite larvae, and informed by recently released, comprehensive genome and transcriptome data for both parasites, these molecular host-parasite interactions have been subject to significant research during recent years. In this review, we discuss progress in this field, with emphasis on parasite development and proliferation. We review host-parasite interaction mechanisms that occur early during an infection, when the invading oncosphere stage undergoes a metamorphosis towards the metacestode, and outline the decisive role of parasite stem cells during this process. We also discuss special features of metacestode morphology, and how this parasite stage takes up nutrients from the host, utilizing newly evolved or expanded gene families. We comprehensively review mechanisms of host-parasite cross-communication via evolutionarily conserved signalling systems and how the parasite signalling systems might be exploited for the development of novel chemotherapeutics. Finally, we point to an urgent need for the development of functional genomic techniques in this parasite, which will be imperative for hypothesis-driven analyses into Echinococcus stem cell biology, developmental mechanisms and immunomodulatory activities, which are all highly relevant for the development of anti-infective measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Brehm
- University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - U Koziol
- University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
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