1
|
Carella A, Landi A, Bonomo M, Chiarella F, Centore R, Peluso A, Nejrotti S, Barra M. Asymmetrical Diketopyrrolopyrrole Derivatives with Improved Solubility and Balanced Charge Transport Properties. Molecules 2024; 29:2805. [PMID: 38930874 PMCID: PMC11207042 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29122805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) unit represents one of the building blocks more widely employed in the field of organic electronics; in most of the reported DPP-based small molecules, this unit represents the electron acceptor core symmetrically coupled to donor moieties, and the solubility is guaranteed by functionalizing lactamic nitrogens with long and branched alkyl tails. In this paper, we explored the possibility of modulating the solubility by realizing asymmetric DPP derivatives, where the molecular structure is extended in just one direction. Four novel derivatives have been prepared, characterized by a common dithyenil-DPP fragment and functionalized on one side by a thiophene unit linked to different auxiliary electron acceptor groups. As compared to previously reported symmetric analogs, the novel dyes showed an increased solubility in chloroform and proved to be soluble in THF as well. The novel dyes underwent a thorough optical and electrochemical characterization. Electronic properties were studied at the DFT levels. All the dyes were used as active layers in organic field effect transistors, showing balanced charge transport properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Carella
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Napoli ‘Federico II’, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant’Angelo, Via Cintia 21, 80126 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Landi
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (A.L.); (A.P.)
| | - Matteo Bonomo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy; (M.B.); (S.N.)
- Nanomaterials for Industry and Sustainability (NIS) Interdepartmental Centre, Via G. Quarello 15A, 10135 Torino, Italy
| | - Fabio Chiarella
- CNR-Institute for Superconductors, Innovative Materials, and Devices, Dipartimento di Fisica “Ettore Pancini”, P. le Tecchio, 80, 80125 Napoli, Italy; (F.C.); (M.B.)
| | - Roberto Centore
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Napoli ‘Federico II’, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant’Angelo, Via Cintia 21, 80126 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Andrea Peluso
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (A.L.); (A.P.)
| | - Stefano Nejrotti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy; (M.B.); (S.N.)
- Nanomaterials for Industry and Sustainability (NIS) Interdepartmental Centre, Via G. Quarello 15A, 10135 Torino, Italy
| | - Mario Barra
- CNR-Institute for Superconductors, Innovative Materials, and Devices, Dipartimento di Fisica “Ettore Pancini”, P. le Tecchio, 80, 80125 Napoli, Italy; (F.C.); (M.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ren S, Zhang W, Chen J, Yassar A. Theoretical and Experimental Study of Different Side Chains on 3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene and Diketopyrrolopyrrole-Derived Polymers: Towards Organic Transistors. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1099. [PMID: 38256172 PMCID: PMC10816275 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
In this research, two polymers of P1 and P2 based on monomers consisting of thiophene, 3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) and diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) are designed and obtained via Stille coupling polycondensation. The material shows excellent coplanarity and structural regularity due to the fine planarity of DPP itself and the weak non-covalent bonding interactions existing between the three units. Two different lengths of non-conjugated side chains are introduced and this has an effect on the intermolecular chain stacking, causing the film absorption to display different characteristic properties. On the other hand, the difference in the side chains does not have a significant effect on the thermal stability and the energy levels of the frontier orbitals of the materials, which is related to the fact that the materials both feature extremely high conjugation lengths and specific molecular compositions. Microscopic investigations targeting the side chains provide a contribution to the further design of organic semiconductor materials that meet device requirements. Tests based on organic transistors show a slight difference in conductivity between the two polymers, with P2 having better hole mobility than P1. This study highlights the importance of the impact of side chains on device performance, especially in the field of organic electronics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiwei Ren
- Advanced Materials Laboratory, Zhuhai-Fudan Innovation Institute, Guangdong-Macao in-Depth Cooperation Zone in Hengqin, Hengqin 519000, China;
| | - Wenqing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China;
| | - Jinyang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China;
| | - Abderrahim Yassar
- Laboratory of Physics of Interfaces and Thin Films, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lee H, Hwang JH, Song SH, Han H, Han S, Suh BL, Hur K, Kyhm J, Ahn J, Cho JH, Hwang DK, Lee E, Choi C, Lim JA. Chiroptical Synaptic Heterojunction Phototransistors Based on Self-Assembled Nanohelix of π-Conjugated Molecules for Direct Noise-Reduced Detection of Circularly Polarized Light. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2304039. [PMID: 37501319 PMCID: PMC10520648 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202304039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
High-performance chiroptical synaptic phototransistors are successfully demonstrated using heterojunctions composed of a self-assembled nanohelix of a π-conjugated molecule and a metal oxide semiconductor. To impart strong chiroptical activity to the device, a diketopyrrolopyrrole-based π-conjugated molecule decorated with chiral glutamic acid is newly synthesized; this molecule is capable of supramolecular self-assembly through noncovalent intermolecular interactions. In particular, nanohelix formed by intertwinded fibers with strong and stable chiroptical activity in a solid-film state are obtained through hydrogen-bonding-driven, gelation-assisted self-assembly. Phototransistors based on interfacial charge transfer at the heterojunction from the chiroptical nanohelix to the metal oxide semiconductor show excellent chiroptical detection with a high photocurrent dissymmetry factor of 1.97 and a high photoresponsivity of 218 A W-1 . The chiroptical phototransistor demonstrates photonic synapse-like, time-dependent photocurrent generation, along with persistent photoconductivity, which is attributed to the interfacial charge trapping. Through the advantage of synaptic functionality, a trained convolutional neural network successfully recognizes noise-reduced circularly polarized images of handwritten alphabetic characters with better than 89.7% accuracy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Lee
- Center for Opto‐Electronic Materials and DevicesKorea Institute of Science and TechnologySeoul02792Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringYonsei UniversitySeoul03722Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Ho Hwang
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringGwangju Institute of Science and TechnologyGwangju61005Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Ho Song
- Center for Opto‐Electronic Materials and DevicesKorea Institute of Science and TechnologySeoul02792Republic of Korea
| | - Hyemi Han
- Center for Opto‐Electronic Materials and DevicesKorea Institute of Science and TechnologySeoul02792Republic of Korea
| | - Seo‐Jung Han
- Chemical and Biological Integrative Research CenterKorea Institute of Science and TechnologySeoul02792Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio‐Medical Science and TechnologyKIST SchoolUniversity of Science and Technology of KoreaSeoul02792Republic of Korea
| | - Bong Lim Suh
- Extreme Materials Research CenterKorea Institute of Science and TechnologySeoul02792Republic of Korea
| | - Kahyun Hur
- Extreme Materials Research CenterKorea Institute of Science and TechnologySeoul02792Republic of Korea
| | - Jihoon Kyhm
- Technology Support CenterKorea Institute of Science and TechnologySeoul02792Republic of Korea
| | - Jongtae Ahn
- Center for Opto‐Electronic Materials and DevicesKorea Institute of Science and TechnologySeoul02792Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Ho Cho
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringYonsei UniversitySeoul03722Republic of Korea
| | - Do Kyung Hwang
- Center for Opto‐Electronic Materials and DevicesKorea Institute of Science and TechnologySeoul02792Republic of Korea
- KU‐KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and TechnologyKorea UniversitySeoul02841Republic of Korea
- Division of Nano and Information TechnologyKIST SchoolUniversity of Science and TechnologySeoul02792Republic of Korea
| | - Eunji Lee
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringGwangju Institute of Science and TechnologyGwangju61005Republic of Korea
| | - Changsoon Choi
- Center for Opto‐Electronic Materials and DevicesKorea Institute of Science and TechnologySeoul02792Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Ah Lim
- Center for Opto‐Electronic Materials and DevicesKorea Institute of Science and TechnologySeoul02792Republic of Korea
- Division of Nano and Information TechnologyKIST SchoolUniversity of Science and TechnologySeoul02792Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Fynbo C, Huss-Hansen MK, Bikondoa O, Gangadharappa C, da Silva Filho DA, Patil S, Knaapila M, Kjelstrup-Hansen J. Structural Study of Diketopyrrolopyrrole Derivative Thin Films: Influence of Deposition Method, Substrate Surface, and Aging. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:12099-12109. [PMID: 37587409 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c01378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
We report the morphology and microstructure of n-dialkyl side-chain-substituted thiophene DPP end-capped with phenyl groups (Ph-TDPP-Ph) thin films and compare the influence of deposition method and substrate surface using thermally oxidized Si and graphene substrates as well as monolayer graphene surfaces with an underlying self-assembled octadecyltrichlorosilane monolayer, complemented by an aging study of spin-coated films over a 2 weeks aging period. A distinct difference in morphology was observed between spin-coated and vacuum-deposited thin films, which formed a fiber-like morphology and a continuous layer of terraced grains, respectively. After an initial film evolution, all combinations of deposition method and substrate type result in well-ordered thin films with almost identical crystalline phases with slight variations in crystallinity and mosaicity. These findings point toward strong intermolecular forces dominating during growth, and the templating effect observed for other oligomer films formed on graphene is consequently ineffective for this material type. Upon aging of spin-coated films, a noticeable evolution involving two different morphologies and crystalline phases were observed. After several days, the thin film evolved into a more stable crystal phase and a fiber-like morphology. Moreover, slight variation in optical spectra were elucidated on the basis on density functional theory calculations. These results demonstrate that thin-film properties of DPP derivatives can be tailored by manipulating the film formation process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cecilie Fynbo
- NanoSYD, Mads Clausen Institute, University of Southern Denmark, 6400 Sønderborg, Denmark
| | - Mathias K Huss-Hansen
- NanoSYD, Mads Clausen Institute, University of Southern Denmark, 6400 Sønderborg, Denmark
| | - Oier Bikondoa
- XMaS UK CRG Beamline, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 09, France
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, CV4 7AL Coventry, U.K
| | | | - Demetrio Antonio da Silva Filho
- Grupo de Semicondutores Orgânicos, Instituto de Física, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Universidade de Brasília, CP 4478, Brasília 70919-970, DF, Brazil
| | - Satish Patil
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Matti Knaapila
- Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jakob Kjelstrup-Hansen
- NanoSYD, Mads Clausen Institute, University of Southern Denmark, 6400 Sønderborg, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Popli C, Jang Y, Misra R, D'Souza F. Charge Resonance and Photoinduced Charge Transfer in Bis( N, N-dimethylaminophenyl-tetracyanobutadiene)-diketopyrrolopyrrole Multimodular System. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:4286-4299. [PMID: 37133351 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c01528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Intervalence charge transfer (IVCT) or charge resonance is often observed in redox-active systems encompassed of two identical electroactive groups, where one of the groups is either oxidized or reduced and serves as a model system to improve our fundamental understanding of charge transfer. This property has been explored in the present study in a multimodular push-pull system carrying two N,N-dimethylaminophenyl-tetracyanobutadiene (DMA-TCBD) entities covalently linked to the opposite ends of bis(thiophenyl)diketopyrrolopyrrole (TDPP). Electrochemical or chemical reduction of one of the TCBDs promoted electron resonance between them, exhibiting an IVCT absorption peak in the near-infrared area. The comproportionation energy, -ΔGcom, and equilibrium constant, Kcom, evaluated from the split reduction peak were, respectively, 1.06 × 104 J/mol and 72.3 M-1. Excitation of the TDPP entity in the system promoted the thermodynamically feasible sequential charge transfer and separation of charges in benzonitrile, wherein the IVCT peak formed upon charge separation served as a signature peak in characterizing the product. Further, transient data analyzed using Global Target Analysis revealed the charge separation to take place in a ps time scale (k ∼ 1010 s-1) as a result of close positioning and strong electronic interaction between the entities. The significance of IVCT in probing excited-state processes is evidenced by the present study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charu Popli
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore 453552, India
| | - Youngwoo Jang
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, #305070, Denton, Texas 76203-5017, United States
| | - Rajneesh Misra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore 453552, India
| | - Francis D'Souza
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, #305070, Denton, Texas 76203-5017, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Trinh CK, Abdo NI. A Mini-Review: Intermolecular interactions of small molecules containing amide groups- based organic semiconductors and their applications†. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
|
7
|
Shaikh SA, Birajdar SS, Ambore SD, Puyad AL, Vijayanand P, Bhosale SV, Bhosale SV. A minireview on diketopyrrolopyrrole chemistry: Historical perspective and recent developments. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2022.100473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
|
8
|
Trinh CK, Choi JW, Tran TK, Ahmad Z, Lee JS. Intermolecular interactions of an isoindigo-based organic semiconductor with various crosslinkers through hydrogen bonding. RSC Adv 2022; 12:26400-26405. [PMID: 36275086 PMCID: PMC9479677 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra05190g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of crosslinkers, functioning via hydrogen bonding, on controlling the arrangement of molecules were investigated. The hole mobility of hydrogen-bonded organic materials displaying long-range order was significantly enhanced.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cuc Kim Trinh
- Chemical Engineering in Advanced Materials and Renewable Energy Research Group, School of Engineering and Technology, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Jin Woo Choi
- Department of Data Information and Physics, Kongju National University, 56 Gongjudaehak-ro, Gongju, Chungcheongnam-do 32588, Republic of Korea
| | - Thien Khanh Tran
- Chemical Engineering in Advanced Materials and Renewable Energy Research Group, School of Engineering and Technology, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Zubair Ahmad
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Suk Lee
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Khan F, Jang Y, Patil Y, Misra R, D'Souza F. Photoinduced Charge Separation Prompted Intervalence Charge Transfer in a Bis(thienyl)diketopyrrolopyrrole Bridged Donor‐TCBD Push‐Pull System. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202108293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Faizal Khan
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Indore 453552 India
| | - Youngwoo Jang
- Department of Chemistry University of North Texas 1155 Union Circle, #305070 Denton TX 76203-5017 USA
| | - Yuvraj Patil
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Indore 453552 India
| | - Rajneesh Misra
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Indore 453552 India
| | - Francis D'Souza
- Department of Chemistry University of North Texas 1155 Union Circle, #305070 Denton TX 76203-5017 USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Khan F, Jang Y, Patil Y, Misra R, D'Souza F. Photoinduced Charge Separation Prompted Intervalence Charge Transfer in a Bis(thienyl)diketopyrrolopyrrole Bridged Donor-TCBD Push-Pull System. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:20518-20527. [PMID: 34258866 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202108293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Intervalence charge transfer (IVCT), a phenomenon observed in molecular systems comprised of two redox centers differing in oxidation states by one unit, is reported in a novel, newly synthesized, multi-modular donor-acceptor system comprised of central bis(thienyl)diketopyrrolopyrrole (TDPP) hosting two phenothiazine-tetracyanobutadiene (PTZ-TCBD) entities on the opposite sides. One-electron reduction of TCBD promoted electron exchange between the two TCBD resulting in IVCT transition in the near-infrared region. The stabilization energy, -ΔGcom and comproportionation equilibrium constant, Kcom calculated from peak potentials of the split reduction waves were found to be 1.06×104 J mol-1 , and 72.3 M-1 , respectively. Further, the IVCT transition was also witnessed during the process of thermodynamically feasible electron transfer upon excitation of the TDPP entity in the system, and served as a diagnostic marker to characterize the electron transfer product. Subsequent transient absorption spectral studies and data analysis by Global and Target analyses revealed occurrence of ultrafast charge separation (kcs ≈1010 s-1 ) owing to the close proximity and good communication between the entities of the multi-modular donor-acceptor system. The role of central TDPP in promoting IVCT is borne out from the present investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faizal Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore, 453552, India
| | - Youngwoo Jang
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, #305070, Denton, TX, 76203-5017, USA
| | - Yuvraj Patil
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore, 453552, India
| | - Rajneesh Misra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore, 453552, India
| | - Francis D'Souza
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, #305070, Denton, TX, 76203-5017, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Papadopoulos I, Menon A, Plass F, Molina D, Harreiß C, Kahnt A, Spiecker E, Sastre-Santos Á, Guldi DM. Efficient charge-transfer from diketopyrrolopyrroles to single-walled carbon nanotubes. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:11544-11551. [PMID: 34184025 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr03105h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this contribution, the excited state charge-transfer interactions between single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and a variety of phenyl, 4-bromophenyl, and thiophene substituted diketopyrrolopyrroles (DPPs), is described. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and aberration corrected high resolution transmission electron microscopy (AC-HRTEM) corroborated the successful formation of DPP/SWCNTs. Steady-state absorption, fluorescence, and Raman spectroscopies all gave insights into the impact on their ground and excited states as well as on the nature of their electronic communication/interaction. Of great value was time-resolved transient absorption spectroscopy on the femto- and nanosecond time-scales; it assisted in deciphering the charge-transfer mechanism from the DPPs to the SWCNT and in analyzing the dynamics thereof with transfer efficiencies of up to 81%. Important confirmation for the one-electron oxidized DPPs came from pulse radiolysis assays with focus on establishing their spectral fingerprints. Our full-fledged work demonstrates that the successful preparation of stable DPP/SWCNTs represents an important step towards establishing them as a viable alternative to porphyrin-based systems in emerging applications such as solar energy conversion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilias Papadopoulos
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Arjun Menon
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Fabian Plass
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany. and Leibniz Institute of Surface Engineering (IOM), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Desiré Molina
- Área de Química Orgánica, Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Avda. de la Universidad s/n, 03203 Elche, Spain.
| | - Christina Harreiß
- Institute of Micro- and Nanostructure Research (IMN) & Center for Nanoanalysis and Electron Microscopy (CENEM) and Interdisciplinary Center for Nanostructured Films (IZNF), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Cauerstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Axel Kahnt
- Leibniz Institute of Surface Engineering (IOM), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Erdmann Spiecker
- Institute of Micro- and Nanostructure Research (IMN) & Center for Nanoanalysis and Electron Microscopy (CENEM) and Interdisciplinary Center for Nanostructured Films (IZNF), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Cauerstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ángela Sastre-Santos
- Área de Química Orgánica, Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Avda. de la Universidad s/n, 03203 Elche, Spain.
| | - Dirk M Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Li M, Leenaers PJ, Li J, Wienk MM, Janssen RAJ. Polymorphism of a semi-crystalline diketopyrrolopyrrole-terthiophene polymer. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021; 59:1285-1292. [PMID: 34223180 PMCID: PMC8246555 DOI: 10.1002/pol.20200673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Few semiconducting polymers are known that possess more than one semi-crystalline structure. Guidelines for rationalizing or creating polymorphism in these materials do not exist. Two different semi-crystalline polymorphs, β 1 and β 2, and an amorphous α phase have recently been identified for alternating diketopyrrolopyrrole-quaterthiophene copolymers (PDPP4T). The polymorphs differ structurally by the π-π stacking distance, and electronically by the optical bandgap and charge carrier mobility. Here we investigate the corresponding terthiophene (PDPP3T) derivatives, to study the effect of the relative orientation of adjacent DPP units on the polymorphism. In PDPP3T, the relative orientation of DPP units alternates along the chain, while in PDPP4T it is constant. We show that the two polymorphs, β 1 and β 2, can also be generated for a PDPP3T polymer in solution and thin film. Interestingly, compared to PDPP4T, more solvents can induce the two distinct semi-crystalline polymorphs for PDPP3T via a β 1 → α → β 2 polymorphic transition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices and Integrated Technology, Institute of MicroelectronicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems, Institute for Complex Molecular SystemsEindhoven University of TechnologyEindhovenThe Netherlands
- Dutch Institute For Fundamental Energy ResearchEindhovenThe Netherlands
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication EngineeringUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Pieter J. Leenaers
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems, Institute for Complex Molecular SystemsEindhoven University of TechnologyEindhovenThe Netherlands
| | - Junyu Li
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems, Institute for Complex Molecular SystemsEindhoven University of TechnologyEindhovenThe Netherlands
| | - Martijn M. Wienk
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems, Institute for Complex Molecular SystemsEindhoven University of TechnologyEindhovenThe Netherlands
| | - René A. J. Janssen
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems, Institute for Complex Molecular SystemsEindhoven University of TechnologyEindhovenThe Netherlands
- Dutch Institute For Fundamental Energy ResearchEindhovenThe Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Saes BW, Lutz M, Wienk MM, Meskers SCJ, Janssen RAJ. Tuning the Optical Characteristics of Diketopyrrolopyrrole Molecules in the Solid State by Alkyl Side Chains. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2020; 124:25229-25238. [PMID: 33244323 PMCID: PMC7682139 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.0c07334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The optical properties of two sets of donor-acceptor-donor molecules with terminal bithiophene donor units and a central diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) acceptor unit are studied. The two sets differ in the alkyl chains on the DPP, which are either branched at the α-carbon (3-pentyl) (1-4) or linear (n-hexyl) (5-8). Within each set, the molecules differ by the absence or presence of n-hexyl chains on the terminal thiophene rings in the 3', 4', or 5' positions. While in solution, the optical spectra differ only subtly; they differ dramatically in the solid state. In contrast to 5-8, 1-4 are nonplanar as a consequence of the sterically demanding 3-pentyl groups, which inhibit π-stacking of the DPP units. Using the crystal structures of 2 (brick layer stacking) and 6 (slipped stacking), we quantitatively explain the solid state absorption spectra. By computing the molecular transition charge density and solving the dispersion relation, the optical absorption of the molecules in the crystal is predicted and in agreement with experiments. For 2, a single resonance frequency is obtained, while for 6 two transitions are seen, with the lower-energy transition being less intense. The results demonstrate how subtle changes in substitution exert large effects in optical properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bart W.
H. Saes
- Molecular
Materials and Nanosystems & Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Lutz
- Utrecht
University, Crystal and Structural
Chemistry, Bijvoet Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn M. Wienk
- Molecular
Materials and Nanosystems & Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan C. J. Meskers
- Molecular
Materials and Nanosystems & Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - René A. J. Janssen
- Molecular
Materials and Nanosystems & Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Dutch
Institute for Fundamental Energy Research, 5612 AJ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Saes BWH, Wienk MM, Janssen RAJ. The Effect of α-Branched Side Chains on the Structural and Opto-Electronic Properties of Poly(Diketopyrrolopyrrole-alt-Terthiophene). Chemistry 2020; 26:14221-14228. [PMID: 32452575 PMCID: PMC7702133 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Introducing solubilizing α‐branched alkyl chains on a poly(diketopyrrolopyrrole‐alt‐terthiophene) results in a dramatic change of the structural, optical, and electronic properties compared to the isomeric polymer carrying β‐branched alkyl side chains. When branched at the α‐position the alkyl substituent creates a steric hindrance that reduces the tendency of the polymer to π–π stack and endows the material with a much higher solubility in common organic solvents. The wider π–π stacking and reduced tendency to crystallize, evidenced from grazing‐incidence wide‐angle X‐ray scattering, result in a wider optical band gap in the solid state. In solar cells with a fullerene acceptor, the α‐branched isomer affords a higher open‐circuit voltage, but an overall lower power conversion efficiency as a result of a too well‐mixed nanomorphology. Due its reduced π–π stacking, the α‐branched isomer fluoresces and affords near‐infrared light‐emitting diodes emitting at 820 nm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bart W H Saes
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems and Institute for, Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600, MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn M Wienk
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems and Institute for, Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600, MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - René A J Janssen
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems and Institute for, Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600, MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research, De Zaale 20, 5612, AJ, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Gońka E, Yang L, Steinbock R, Pesciaioli F, Kuniyil R, Ackermann L. π-Extended Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons by Sustainable Alkyne Annulations through Double C-H/N-H Activation. Chemistry 2019; 25:16246-16250. [PMID: 31820511 PMCID: PMC6973059 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The widespread applications of substituted diketopyrrolopyrroles (DPPs) call for the development of efficient methods for their modular assembly. Herein, we present a π-expansion strategy for polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) by C-H activation in a sustainable fashion. Thus, twofold C-H/N-H activations were accomplished by versatile ruthenium(II)carboxylate catalysis, providing step-economical access to diversely decorated fluorogenic DPPs that was merged with late-stage palladium-catalyzed C-H arylation on the thus-assembled DPP motif.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Gońka
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg-August-Universität GöttingenTammannstraße 237077GöttingenGermany
| | - Long Yang
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg-August-Universität GöttingenTammannstraße 237077GöttingenGermany
| | - Ralf Steinbock
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg-August-Universität GöttingenTammannstraße 237077GöttingenGermany
| | - Fabio Pesciaioli
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg-August-Universität GöttingenTammannstraße 237077GöttingenGermany
| | - Rositha Kuniyil
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg-August-Universität GöttingenTammannstraße 237077GöttingenGermany
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg-August-Universität GöttingenTammannstraße 237077GöttingenGermany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Yang Y, Liu Z, Zhang G, Zhang X, Zhang D. The Effects of Side Chains on the Charge Mobilities and Functionalities of Semiconducting Conjugated Polymers beyond Solubilities. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1903104. [PMID: 31483542 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201903104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Recent decades have witnessed the rapid development of semiconducting polymers in terms of high charge mobilities and applications in transistors. Significant efforts have been made to develop various conjugated frameworks and linkers. However, studies are increasingly demonstrating that the side chains of semiconducting polymers can significantly affect interchain packing, thin film crystallinity, and thus semiconducting performance. Ways to modify the side alkyl chains to improve the interchain packing order and charge mobilities for conjugated polymers are first discussed. It is shown that modifying the branching chains by moving the branching points away from the backbones can boost the charge mobilities, which can also be improved through partially replacing branching chains with linear ones. Second, the effects of side chains with heteroatoms and functional groups are discussed. The siloxane-terminated side chains are utilized to enhance the semiconducting properties. The fluorinated alkyl chains are beneficial for improving both charge mobility and air stability. Incorporating H bonding group side chains can improve thin film crystallinities and boost charge mobilities. Notably, incorporating functional groups (e.g., glycol, tetrathiafulvalene, and thymine) into side chains can improve the selectivity of field-effect transistor (FET)-based sensors, while photochromic group containing side chains in conjugated polymers result in photoresponsive semiconductors and optically tunable FETs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yizhou Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zitong Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Guanxin Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Xisha Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Deqing Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Synthesis of 2,5-Dibutyl-3,6-dimethyl-1 H,2 H,4 H,5 H-pyrrolo[3,4- c]pyrrole-1,4-dione: A Diketopyrrolopyrrole Scaffold for the Formation of Alkenyldiketopyrrolopyrrole Compounds. Org Lett 2019; 21:1973-1978. [PMID: 30860387 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This manuscript describes an unprecedented and efficient synthesis of a new DPP scaffold, 2,5-dibutyl-3,6-dimethyl-1 H,2 H,4 H,5 H-pyrrolo[3,4- c]pyrrole-1,4-dione (DMDPP), containing methyl groups at the 3,6-positions as a precursor to preparing 3,6-divinyl-substituted DPP compounds. Subsequently, following the synthesis of DMDPP, we performed an efficient and mild C-H functionalization of the methyl groups with a variety of aromatic aldehydes to synthesize the first examples of 3,6-divinyl-substituted DPP compounds in moderate to good yields.
Collapse
|
18
|
Xue N, Wei Y, Zhang G, Liu L, Zhang L. Influence of Backbone Chlorination on the Electronic Properties of Diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP)-Based Dimers. Chem Asian J 2019; 14:1050-1058. [PMID: 30802356 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201900142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Chlorination of π-conjugated backbones is garnering great interest because of fine-tuning electronic properties of conjugated materials for organic devices. Herein we report a synthesis of thiophene-based diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) dimers and their chlorinated counterparts by introducing a chlorine atom in the outer thiophene ring to investigate the influence of the chlorination on charge transport. The backbone chlorination lowers both the HOMO and the LUMO of the dimers and leads to a blue-shift of maximum absorption in compared to unsubstituted counterparts. X-ray analysis reveals that the chlorine atom prompts the outer thiophene ring out of the planarity of the backbone with a relatively large torsional angle. The chlorinated dimers exhibit slipped one-dimensional packing decorated with multiple intermolecular interactions, because of a combination of a negative inductive effect and a positive mesomeric effect of the halogen atom, which might facilitate charge transport within the oligomeric backbones. The mobility in the single-crystal OFET devices of the chlorinated dimers is up to 1.5 cm2 V-1 s-1 , which is two times higher than that of the non-chlorinated DPP dimers. Our results indicate that the chlorine atom plays a key role in directing non-covalent interactions to lock the slipped stacks, enabling electronic coupling between adjacent molecules for efficient charge transport. In addition, our results also demonstrate that these DPP dimers with straight n-octyl chains exhibit higher mobilities than the dimers with branched 2-ethylhexyl chains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Xue
- College of Energy, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China.,State Key Lab of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Wei
- College of Energy, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China.,State Key Lab of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Guowei Zhang
- College of Energy, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China.,State Key Lab of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Lele Liu
- College of Energy, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China.,State Key Lab of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- College of Energy, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China.,State Key Lab of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Raychev D, Seifert G, Sommer JU, Guskova O. A comparative analysis of symmetric diketopyrrolopyrrole-cored small conjugated molecules with aromatic flanks: From geometry to charge transport. J Comput Chem 2018; 39:2526-2538. [PMID: 30306613 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.25609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) derivatives are promising compounds for application in organic electronics. Here, we investigate several symmetrical N-unsubstituted and N-methyl substituted DPPs which differ in the heteroatom in the aromatic flanks. The conformational, electronic, and optical properties are characterized for single molecules in vacuum or a solvent. The intermolecular interactions are evaluated for interacting dimers. Here, a number of stacking geometries is tested, and dimers with mutual orientation of the molecules corresponding to the minimal binding energies are determined. The predicted charge carrier mobilities for stacks having minimal binding energies corroborate experimentally measured values. We conclude that DFT prediction of such stacks is a promising and computationally inexpensive approach to a rough estimation of transport properties. Additionally, the super-cell of the experimentally resolved crystal structure is used to study the dynamics and to compute the charge transport along the hopping pathways. We discuss obtained high mobilities and relate them to the symmetry of DPP core. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deyan Raychev
- Dresden Center for Computational Materials Science (DCMS), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, 01062, Germany.,Institute Theory of Polymers, Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Hohe Str. 6, Dresden, 01069, Germany
| | - Gotthard Seifert
- Dresden Center for Computational Materials Science (DCMS), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, 01062, Germany.,Theoretical Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01062, Germany
| | - Jens-Uwe Sommer
- Dresden Center for Computational Materials Science (DCMS), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, 01062, Germany.,Institute Theory of Polymers, Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Hohe Str. 6, Dresden, 01069, Germany.,Institute of Theoretical Physics, Technische Universität Dresden, Zellescher Weg 17, Dresden 01069, Germany
| | - Olga Guskova
- Dresden Center for Computational Materials Science (DCMS), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, 01062, Germany.,Institute Theory of Polymers, Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Hohe Str. 6, Dresden, 01069, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Cheng X, Ju X, Du H, Zhang Y, Zhao J, Xie Y. Synthesis and characterization of novel donor-acceptor type electrochromic polymers containing diketopyrrolopyrrole as an acceptor and propylenedioxythiophene or indacenodithiophene as a donor. RSC Adv 2018; 8:23119-23129. [PMID: 35540135 PMCID: PMC9081592 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra03570a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
A range of low band gap donor-acceptor conjugated polymers (P1-P3) with backbones composed of diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP), propylenedioxythiophene (ProDOT) and indacenodithiophene (IDT) units were designed and synthesized using the Stille coupling reaction. The optical, electrochemical and electrochromic properties of the resultant polymers were thoroughly characterized. These polymers showed exceptional solubility in common organic solvents and displayed thermal stability at a high temperature. The optical and electrochemical measurements revealed slight variations in the maximum absorptions and oxidation peaks depending on the intrinsic D-A ratio in each polymer, and narrow band gaps lower than 1.60 eV were found for these polymers. Upon oxidation, the polymer films exhibit distinct color changes (pale violet-red to dark gray for P1, rosy brown to silver for P2, atrovirens to light grey for P3) in the VIS and NIR regions. Moreover, the electrochromic switching studies indicated that these polymers have favorable switching properties, such as rapid response speed and high optical contrast and coloration efficiency, and are outstanding candidates for electrochromic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinfeng Cheng
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University Nanyang 473061 P. R. China
| | - Xiuping Ju
- Dongchang College, Liaocheng University Liaocheng 252059 P. R. China
| | - Hongmei Du
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, Liaocheng University Liaocheng 252059 P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, Liaocheng University Liaocheng 252059 P. R. China
| | - Jinsheng Zhao
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, Liaocheng University Liaocheng 252059 P. R. China
| | - Yu Xie
- College of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University Nanchang 330063 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Pickett A, Torkkeli M, Mukhopadhyay T, Puttaraju B, Laudari A, Lauritzen AE, Bikondoa O, Kjelstrup-Hansen J, Knaapila M, Patil S, Guha S. Correlating Charge Transport with Structure in Deconstructed Diketopyrrolopyrrole Oligomers: A Case Study of a Monomer in Field-Effect Transistors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:19844-19852. [PMID: 29771117 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b04711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Copolymers based on diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) cores have attracted a lot of attention because of their high p-type as well as n-type carrier mobilities in organic field-effect transistors (FETs) and high power conversion efficiencies in solar cell structures. We report the structural and charge transport properties of n-dialkyl side-chain-substituted thiophene DPP end-capped with a phenyl group (Ph-TDPP-Ph) monomer in FETs which were fabricated by vacuum deposition and solvent coating. Grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) from bottom-gate, bottom-contact FET architectures was measured with and without biasing. Ph-TDPP-Ph reveals a polymorphic structure with π-conjugated stacking direction oriented in-plane. The unit cell comprises either one monomer with a = 20.89 Å, b = 13.02 Å, c = 5.85 Å, α = 101.4°, β = 90.6°, and γ = 94.7° for one phase (TR1) or two monomers with a = 24.92 Å, b = 25.59 Å, c = 5.42 Å, α = 80.3°, β = 83.5°, and γ = 111.8° for the second phase (TR2). The TR2 phase thus signals a shift from a coplanar to herringbone orientation of the molecules. The device performance is sensitive to the ratio of the two triclinic phases found in the film. Some of the best FET performances with p-type carrier mobilities of 0.1 cm2/V s and an on/off ratio of 106 are for films that comprise mainly the TR1 phase. GIXRD from in operando FETs demonstrates the crystalline stability of Ph-TDPP-Ph.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alec Pickett
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , University of Missouri , Columbia , Missouri 65211 , United States
| | - Mika Torkkeli
- Department of Physics , Technical University of Denmark , 2800 Kongens Lyngby , Denmark
| | - Tushita Mukhopadhyay
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit , Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore 560012 , India
| | - Boregowda Puttaraju
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit , Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore 560012 , India
| | - Amrit Laudari
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , University of Missouri , Columbia , Missouri 65211 , United States
| | - Andreas E Lauritzen
- Department of Physics , Technical University of Denmark , 2800 Kongens Lyngby , Denmark
- Department of Physics , University of Oxford , OX13PU Oxford , U.K
| | - Oier Bikondoa
- Department of Physics , University of Warwick , Gibbet Hill Road , CV4 7AL Coventry , U.K
| | - Jakob Kjelstrup-Hansen
- NanoSYD, Mads Clausen Institute , University of Southern Denmark , 6400 Sønderborg , Denmark
| | - Matti Knaapila
- Department of Physics , Technical University of Denmark , 2800 Kongens Lyngby , Denmark
| | - Satish Patil
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit , Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore 560012 , India
| | - Suchismita Guha
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , University of Missouri , Columbia , Missouri 65211 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Draper ER, Dietrich B, Adams DJ. Self-assembly, self-sorting, and electronic properties of a diketopyrrolopyrrole hydrogelator. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 53:1864-1867. [PMID: 28111678 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc10083j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We show here the first example of a hydrogel formed from a symmetrically functionalised diketopyrrolopyrrole aromatic core. Gelation is triggered by change in pH. Not only does this gelator form aggregated, entangled structures at low pH, but it also forms worm-like micelles at high pH. The structures at high pH can be aligned using shear to provide conductive materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily R Draper
- School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, College of Science and Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
| | - Bart Dietrich
- School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, College of Science and Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
| | - Dave J Adams
- School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, College of Science and Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Chemical oxidative and solid state synthesis of low molecular weight polymers for organic field effect transistors. Chem Phys Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2018.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
24
|
Trinh CK, Lee HJ, Choi JW, Shaker M, Kim W, Lee JS. Molecular ordering of A(D–A′–D)2-based organic semiconductors through hydrogen bonding after simple cleavage of tert-butyloxycarbonyl protecting groups. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj04440b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Molecular ordering of organic semiconductors comprising a newly designed A(D–A′–D)2 system was achieved through hydrogen bonding after removal of tert-butyloxycarbonyl substituents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cuc Kim Trinh
- School of Materials Science & Engineering
- Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Energies (RISE)
- Heeger Center for Advanced Materials (HCAM)
- Advanced Photonics Research Institute (APRI)
- Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST)
| | - Hong-Joon Lee
- School of Materials Science & Engineering
- Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Energies (RISE)
- Heeger Center for Advanced Materials (HCAM)
- Advanced Photonics Research Institute (APRI)
- Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST)
| | - Jin Woo Choi
- School of Materials Science & Engineering
- Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Energies (RISE)
- Heeger Center for Advanced Materials (HCAM)
- Advanced Photonics Research Institute (APRI)
- Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST)
| | - Mohamed Shaker
- School of Materials Science & Engineering
- Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Energies (RISE)
- Heeger Center for Advanced Materials (HCAM)
- Advanced Photonics Research Institute (APRI)
- Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST)
| | - Wonbin Kim
- School of Materials Science & Engineering
- Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Energies (RISE)
- Heeger Center for Advanced Materials (HCAM)
- Advanced Photonics Research Institute (APRI)
- Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST)
| | - Jae-Suk Lee
- School of Materials Science & Engineering
- Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Energies (RISE)
- Heeger Center for Advanced Materials (HCAM)
- Advanced Photonics Research Institute (APRI)
- Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST)
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Roy P, Jha A, Yasarapudi VB, Ram T, Puttaraju B, Patil S, Dasgupta J. Ultrafast bridge planarization in donor-π-acceptor copolymers drives intramolecular charge transfer. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1716. [PMID: 29170455 PMCID: PMC5700982 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01928-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Donor-π-acceptor conjugated polymers form the material basis for high power conversion efficiencies in organic solar cells. Large dipole moment change upon photoexcitation via intramolecular charge transfer in donor-π-acceptor backbone is conjectured to facilitate efficient charge-carrier generation. However, the primary structural changes that drive ultrafast charge transfer step have remained elusive thereby limiting a rational structure-function correlation for such copolymers. Here we use structure-sensitive femtosecond stimulated Raman spectroscopy to demonstrate that π-bridge torsion forms the primary reaction coordinate for intramolecular charge transfer in donor-π-acceptor copolymers. Resonance-selective Raman snapshots of exciton relaxation reveal rich vibrational dynamics of the bridge modes associated with backbone planarization within 400 fs, leading to hot intramolecular charge transfer state formation while subsequent cooling dynamics of backbone-centric modes probe the charge transfer relaxation. Our work establishes a phenomenological gating role of bridge torsions in determining the fundamental timescale and energy of photogenerated carriers, and therefore opens up dynamics-based guidelines for fabricating energy-efficient organic photovoltaics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Palas Roy
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, 400005, India
| | - Ajay Jha
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, 400005, India
| | - Vineeth B Yasarapudi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, 400005, India
| | - Thulasi Ram
- Department of Nuclear and Atomic Physics, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, 400005, India
| | - Boregowda Puttaraju
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Satish Patil
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Jyotishman Dasgupta
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, 400005, India.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Chochos CL, Katsouras A, Drakopoulou S, Miskaki C, Krassas M, Tzourmpakis P, Kakavelakis G, Sprau C, Colsmann A, Squeo BM, Gregoriou VG, Kymakis E, Avgeropoulos A. Effects of alkyl side chains positioning and presence of fused aromatic units in the backbone of low-bandgap diketopyrrolopyrrole copolymers on the optoelectronic properties of organic solar cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.28901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christos L. Chochos
- Department of Materials Science Engineering; University of Ioannina; 45110 Greece
- Advent Technologies SA, Patras Science Park, Stadiou Street; Platani-Rio Patra Greece
| | - Athanasios Katsouras
- Department of Materials Science Engineering; University of Ioannina; 45110 Greece
| | - Sofia Drakopoulou
- Department of Materials Science Engineering; University of Ioannina; 45110 Greece
| | - Christina Miskaki
- Department of Materials Science Engineering; University of Ioannina; 45110 Greece
| | - Miron Krassas
- Center of Materials Technology and Photonics and Electrical Engineering Department, School of Applied Technology; Technological Educational Institute (TEI) of Crete; Heraklion 71004 Greece
| | - Pavlos Tzourmpakis
- Center of Materials Technology and Photonics and Electrical Engineering Department, School of Applied Technology; Technological Educational Institute (TEI) of Crete; Heraklion 71004 Greece
| | - George Kakavelakis
- Center of Materials Technology and Photonics and Electrical Engineering Department, School of Applied Technology; Technological Educational Institute (TEI) of Crete; Heraklion 71004 Greece
| | - Christian Sprau
- Light Technology Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 13; Karlsruhe 76131 Germany
| | - Alexander Colsmann
- Light Technology Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 13; Karlsruhe 76131 Germany
| | - Benedetta M. Squeo
- Advent Technologies SA, Patras Science Park, Stadiou Street; Platani-Rio Patra Greece
| | - Vasilis G. Gregoriou
- Advent Technologies SA, Patras Science Park, Stadiou Street; Platani-Rio Patra Greece
- National Hellenic Research Foundation (NHRF), 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue; Athens 11635 Greece
| | - Emmanuel Kymakis
- Center of Materials Technology and Photonics and Electrical Engineering Department, School of Applied Technology; Technological Educational Institute (TEI) of Crete; Heraklion 71004 Greece
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Mauck CM, Bae YJ, Chen M, Powers‐Riggs N, Wu Y, Wasielewski MR. Charge‐Transfer Character in a Covalent Diketopyrrolopyrrole Dimer: Implications for Singlet Fission. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.201700135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M. Mauck
- Department of Chemistry, Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208-3113 USA
| | - Youn Jue Bae
- Department of Chemistry, Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208-3113 USA
| | - Michelle Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208-3113 USA
| | - Natalia Powers‐Riggs
- Department of Chemistry, Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208-3113 USA
| | - Yi‐Lin Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208-3113 USA
| | - Michael R. Wasielewski
- Department of Chemistry, Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208-3113 USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Bura T, Beaupré S, Ibraikulov OA, Légaré MA, Quinn J, Lévêque P, Heiser T, Li Y, Leclerc N, Leclerc M. New Fluorinated Dithienyldiketopyrrolopyrrole Monomers and Polymers for Organic Electronics. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b01198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Bura
- Canada
Research Chair on Electroactive and Photoactive Polymers, Department
of Chemistry, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Serge Beaupré
- Canada
Research Chair on Electroactive and Photoactive Polymers, Department
of Chemistry, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Olzhas A. Ibraikulov
- Laboratoire
ICube, DESSP, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, 23 rue du Loess, Strasbourg 67037, France
| | - Marc-André Légaré
- Institut
für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg 97074, Germany
| | - Jesse Quinn
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Patrick Lévêque
- Laboratoire
ICube, DESSP, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, 23 rue du Loess, Strasbourg 67037, France
| | - Thomas Heiser
- Laboratoire
ICube, DESSP, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, 23 rue du Loess, Strasbourg 67037, France
| | - Yuning Li
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Nicolas Leclerc
- Institut
de Chimie et Procédés pour l’Énergie,
l’Environnement et la Santé, ICPEES, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Strasbourg 67087, France
| | - Mario Leclerc
- Canada
Research Chair on Electroactive and Photoactive Polymers, Department
of Chemistry, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec G1V 0A6, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Wakioka M, Takahashi R, Ichihara N, Ozawa F. Mixed-Ligand Approach to Palladium-Catalyzed Direct Arylation Polymerization: Highly Selective Synthesis of π-Conjugated Polymers with Diketopyrrolopyrrole Units. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b02679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Wakioka
- International Research Center
for Elements Science (IRCELS), Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Rina Takahashi
- International Research Center
for Elements Science (IRCELS), Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Nobuko Ichihara
- International Research Center
for Elements Science (IRCELS), Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Fumiyuki Ozawa
- International Research Center
for Elements Science (IRCELS), Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Nakamura T, Okazaki S, Arakawa N, Satou M, Endo M, Murata Y, Wakamiya A. Synthesis of Azole-fused Benzothiadiazoles as Key Units for Functional π-Conjugated Compounds. J PHOTOPOLYM SCI TEC 2017. [DOI: 10.2494/photopolymer.30.561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Motoi Satou
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University
| | - Masaru Endo
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Tang A, Zhan C, Yao J, Zhou E. Design of Diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP)-Based Small Molecules for Organic-Solar-Cell Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1600013. [PMID: 27859743 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201600013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
After the first report in 2008, diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP)-based small-molecule photovoltaic materials have been intensively explored. The power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) for the DPP-based small-molecule donors have been improved up to 8%. Furthermore, through judicious structure modification, DPP-based small molecules can also be converted into electron-acceptor materials, and, recently, some exciting progress has been achieved. The development of DPP-based photovoltaic small molecules is summarized here, and the photovoltaic performance is discussed in relation to structural modifications, such as the variations of donor-acceptor building blocks, alkyl substitutions, and the type of conjugated bridges, as well as end-capped groups. It is expected that the discussion will provide a guideline in the exploration of novel and promising DPP-containing photovoltaic small molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ailing Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Chuanlang Zhan
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Jiannian Yao
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Erjun Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Yangtze River Delta Academy of Nanotechnology and Industry Development Research, Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, 314000, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Sivakumar G, Sasikumar M, Rao VJ. Synthesis and Characterization of Diketopyrrolopyrrole‐based D‐π‐A‐π‐D Small Molecules for Organic Solar Cell Applications. J Heterocycl Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.2795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gangala Sivakumar
- Crop Protection Chemicals Division and AcSIRCSIR‐Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Hyderabad 500007 India
| | - Mayarambakam Sasikumar
- Crop Protection Chemicals Division and AcSIRCSIR‐Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Hyderabad 500007 India
| | - Vaidya Jayathirtha Rao
- Crop Protection Chemicals Division and AcSIRCSIR‐Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Hyderabad 500007 India
- Network Institutes for Solar Energy New Delhi India
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Mauck CM, Hartnett PE, Margulies EA, Ma L, Miller CE, Schatz GC, Marks TJ, Wasielewski MR. Singlet Fission via an Excimer-Like Intermediate in 3,6-Bis(thiophen-2-yl)diketopyrrolopyrrole Derivatives. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:11749-61. [PMID: 27547986 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b05627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Singlet fission (SF) in polycrystalline thin films of four 3,6-bis(thiophen-2-yl)diketopyrrolopyrrole (TDPP) chromophores with methyl (Me), n-hexyl (C6), triethylene glycol (TEG), and 2-ethylhexyl (EH) substituents at the 2,5-positions is found to involve an intermediate excimer-like state. The four different substituents yield four distinct intermolecular packing geometries, resulting in variable intermolecular charge transfer (CT) interactions in the solid. SF from the excimer state of Me, C6, TEG, and EH takes place in τSF = 22, 336, 195, and 1200 ps, respectively, to give triplet yields of 200%, 110%, 110%, and 70%, respectively. The transient spectra of the excimer-like state and its energetic proximity to the lowest excited singlet state in these derivatives suggests that this state may be the multiexciton (1)(T1T1) state that precedes formation of the uncorrelated triplet excitons. The excimer decay rates correlate well with the SF efficiencies and the degree of intermolecular donor-acceptor interactions resulting from π-stacking of the thiophene donor of one molecule with the DPP core acceptor in another molecule as observed in the crystal structures. Such interactions are found to also increase with the SF coupling energies, as calculated for each derivative. These structural and spectroscopic studies afford a better understanding of the electronic interactions that enhance SF in chromophores having strong intra- and intermolecular CT character.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M Mauck
- Department of Chemistry, Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, and Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Patrick E Hartnett
- Department of Chemistry, Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, and Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Eric A Margulies
- Department of Chemistry, Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, and Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Lin Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, and Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Claire E Miller
- Department of Chemistry, Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, and Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - George C Schatz
- Department of Chemistry, Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, and Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Tobin J Marks
- Department of Chemistry, Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, and Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Michael R Wasielewski
- Department of Chemistry, Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, and Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Punzi A, Nicoletta F, Marzano G, Fortuna CG, Dagar J, Brown TM, Farinola GM. Synthetic Routes to TEG-Substituted Diketopyrrolopyrrole-Based Low Band-Gap Polymers. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201600406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Punzi
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro; Via Orabona 4 70126 Bari Italy
| | - Francesca Nicoletta
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche; Università degli Studi di Catania; Viale A. Doria 6 95125 Catania Italy
| | - Giuseppe Marzano
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro; Via Orabona 4 70126 Bari Italy
| | - Cosimo G. Fortuna
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche; Università degli Studi di Catania; Viale A. Doria 6 95125 Catania Italy
| | - Janardan Dagar
- CHOSE (Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy); Dipartimento di Ingegneria Elettronica; Università degli studi Roma - Tor Vergata; Via del Politecnico 1 00133 Roma Italy
| | - Thomas M. Brown
- CHOSE (Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy); Dipartimento di Ingegneria Elettronica; Università degli studi Roma - Tor Vergata; Via del Politecnico 1 00133 Roma Italy
| | - Gianluca M. Farinola
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro; Via Orabona 4 70126 Bari Italy
- CNR-ICCOM Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organometallici; Dipartimento di Ingegneria Elettronica; Via Orabona 4 70126 Bari Italy
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Anand V, Ramachandran E, Dhamodharan R. Conjugated polymers with carbazole, fluorene, and ethylene dioxythiophene in the main chain and a pendant cyano group: Synthesis, photophysical, and electrochemical studies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.28160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Anand
- Department of Chemistry; IIT Madras; Chennai 600036 Tamil Nadu India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Punzi A, Maiorano E, Nicoletta F, Blasi D, Ardizzone A, Ventosa N, Ratera I, Veciana J, Farinola GM. 1,2,3-Triazole-Diketopyrrolopyrrole Derivatives with Tunable Solubility and Intermolecular Interactions. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201600120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
37
|
Kuwabara J, Takase N, Yasuda T, Kanbara T. Synthesis of conjugated polymers possessing diketopyrrolopyrrole units bearing phenyl, pyridyl, and thiazolyl groups by direct arylation polycondensation: Effects of aromatic groups in DPP on physical properties. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.28105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junpei Kuwabara
- Tsukuba Research Center for Interdisciplinary Materials Science (TIMS), Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba; 1-1-1 Tennodai Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8573 Japan
| | - Naoto Takase
- Tsukuba Research Center for Interdisciplinary Materials Science (TIMS), Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba; 1-1-1 Tennodai Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8573 Japan
| | - Takeshi Yasuda
- Organic Thin-Film Solar Cells Group; Photovoltaic Materials Unit, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS); 1-2-1 Sengen Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0047 Japan
| | - Takaki Kanbara
- Tsukuba Research Center for Interdisciplinary Materials Science (TIMS), Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba; 1-1-1 Tennodai Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8573 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Li Y, Moghe D, Patil S, Guha S, Ullrich CA. Visualisation of charge-transfer excitations in donor–acceptor molecules using the particle–hole map: a case study. Mol Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2015.1137642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yonghui Li
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Dhanashree Moghe
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Satish Patil
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Suchismita Guha
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Carsten A. Ullrich
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Li W, Hendriks KH, Wienk MM, Janssen RAJ. Diketopyrrolopyrrole Polymers for Organic Solar Cells. Acc Chem Res 2016; 49:78-85. [PMID: 26693798 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.5b00334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Conjugated polymers have been extensively studied for application in organic solar cells. In designing new polymers, particular attention has been given to tuning the absorption spectrum, molecular energy levels, crystallinity, and charge carrier mobility to enhance performance. As a result, the power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of solar cells based on conjugated polymers as electron donor and fullerene derivatives as electron acceptor have exceeded 10% in single-junction and 11% in multijunction devices. Despite these efforts, it is notoriously difficult to establish thorough structure-property relationships that will be required to further optimize existing high-performance polymers to their intrinsic limits. In this Account, we highlight progress on the development and our understanding of diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) based conjugated polymers for polymer solar cells. The DPP moiety is strongly electron withdrawing and its polar nature enhances the tendency of DPP-based polymers to crystallize. As a result, DPP-based conjugated polymers often exhibit an advantageously broad and tunable optical absorption, up to 1000 nm, and high mobilities for holes and electrons, which can result in high photocurrents and good fill factors in solar cells. Here we focus on the structural modifications applied to DPP polymers and rationalize and explain the relationships between chemical structure and organic photovoltaic performance. The DPP polymers can be tuned via their aromatic substituents, their alkyl side chains, and the nature of the π-conjugated segment linking the units along the polymer chain. We show that these building blocks work together in determining the molecular conformation, the optical properties, the charge carrier mobility, and the solubility of the polymer. We identify the latter as a decisive parameter for DPP-based organic solar cells because it regulates the diameter of the semicrystalline DPP polymer fibers that form in the photovoltaic blends with fullerenes via solution processing. The width of these fibers and the photon energy loss, defined as the energy difference between optical band gap and open-circuit voltage, together govern to a large extent the quantum efficiency for charge generation in these blends and thereby the power conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic devices. Lowering the photon energy loss and maintaining a high quantum yield for charge generation is identified as a major pathway to enhance the performance of organic solar cells. This can be achieved by controlling the structural purity of the materials and further control over morphology formation. We hope that this Account contributes to improved design strategies of DPP polymers that are required to realize new breakthroughs in organic solar cell performance in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Li
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of
Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- Molecular
Materials and Nanosystems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Koen H. Hendriks
- Molecular
Materials and Nanosystems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn M. Wienk
- Molecular
Materials and Nanosystems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research, De Zaale 20, 5612
AJ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - René A. J. Janssen
- Molecular
Materials and Nanosystems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research, De Zaale 20, 5612
AJ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Pop F, Lewis W, Amabilino DB. Solid state supramolecular structure of diketopyrrolopyrrole chromophores: correlating stacking geometry with visible light absorption. CrystEngComm 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ce02157c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
41
|
Namepetra A, Kitching E, Eftaiha AF, Hill IG, Welch GC. Understanding the morphology of solution processed fullerene-free small molecule bulk heterojunction blends. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:12476-85. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp01269h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The impact of processing conditions on the morphological characteristics of bulk-heterojunction molecular blends prepared from small molecules based on diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) and perylene-diimide (PDI) chromophores have been investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Namepetra
- Department of Physics
- Dalhousie University
- Halifax
- Canada B3H 4R2
- Department of Chemistry
| | | | - Ala'a F. Eftaiha
- Department of Chemistry
- The Hashemite University
- Zarqa 13115
- Jordan
| | - Ian G. Hill
- Department of Physics
- Dalhousie University
- Halifax
- Canada B3H 4R2
| | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Wang C, Qin Y, Sun Y, Guan YS, Xu W, Zhu D. Thiophene-Diketopyrrolopyrrole-Based Quinoidal Small Molecules as Solution-Processable and Air-Stable Organic Semiconductors: Tuning of the Length and Branching Position of the Alkyl Side Chain toward a High-Performance n-Channel Organic Field-Effect Transistor. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:15978-87. [PMID: 26134920 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b04082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
A series of thiophene-diketopyrrolopyrrole-based quinoidal small molecules (TDPPQ-2-TDPPQ-5) bearing branched alkyl chains with different side-chain lengths and varied branching positions are synthesized. Field-effect transistor (FET) measurement combined with thin-film characterization is utilized to systematically probe the influence of the side-chain length and branching position on the film microstructure, molecular packing, and, hence, charge-transport property. All of these TDPPQ derivatives show air-stable n-channel transporting behavior in spin-coated FET devices, which exhibit no significant decrease in mobility even after being stored in air for 2 months. Most notably, TDPPQ-3 exhibits an outstanding n-channel semiconducting property with electron mobilities up to 0.72 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1), which is an unprecedented value for spin-coated DPP-based n-type semiconducting small molecules. A balance of high crystallinity, satisfactory thickness uniformity and continuity, and strong intermolecular interaction accounts for the superior charge-transport characteristics of TDPPQ-3 films. Our study demonstrates that tuning the length and branching position of alkyl side chains of semiconducting molecules is a powerful strategy for achieving high FET performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- †Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- ‡University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yunke Qin
- †Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- ‡University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuanhui Sun
- †Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- ‡University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ying-Shi Guan
- †Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- ‡University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei Xu
- †Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Daoben Zhu
- †Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Tokoro Y, Sato H, Fukuzawa SI. Synthesis of π-Conjugated Polymers Containing Benzodipyrrole Moieties in the Main Chain through Cleavage of C-H Bonds in 1,4-Bis(acetylamino)benzene. ACS Macro Lett 2015; 4:689-692. [PMID: 35596488 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.5b00343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Rhodium-catalyzed copolymerization between 1,4-bis(acetylamino)benzene and diynes through C-H bond cleavage afforded π-conjugated polymers containing benzodipyrrole moieties. The polymers with substituted benzene units exhibited nearly the same absorption peaks and HOMO levels. Fluorenone and benzothiadiazole moieties can be also introduced as electron-acceptor units to the main chain by polymerization in tert-amyl alcohol and tetrahydropyran as mixed solvent, leading to absorption at longer wavelength.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuichiro Tokoro
- Department of Applied Chemistry,
Institute of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga,
Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-8551, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sato
- Department of Applied Chemistry,
Institute of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga,
Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-8551, Japan
| | - Shin-ichi Fukuzawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry,
Institute of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga,
Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-8551, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Fallon KJ, Wijeyasinghe N, Yaacobi-Gross N, Ashraf RS, Freeman DME, Palgrave RG, Al-Hashimi M, Marks TJ, McCulloch I, Anthopoulos TD, Bronstein H. A Nature-Inspired Conjugated Polymer for High Performance Transistors and Solar Cells. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b00542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kealan J. Fallon
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, Christopher Ingold Building, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K
| | | | - Nir Yaacobi-Gross
- Centre
for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Raja S. Ashraf
- Centre
for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - David M. E. Freeman
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, Christopher Ingold Building, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K
| | - Robert G. Palgrave
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, Christopher Ingold Building, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K
| | - Mohammed Al-Hashimi
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University at Qatar, P.O. Box 23874, Doha, Qatar
| | - Tobin J. Marks
- Department
of Chemistry, Materials Research Center, and Argonne-Northwestern
Solar Energy Research Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan
Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Iain McCulloch
- Centre
for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | | | - Hugo Bronstein
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, Christopher Ingold Building, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Low JZ, Neo WT, Ye Q, Ong WJ, Wong IHK, Lin TT, Xu J. Low band-gap diketopyrrolopyrrole-containing polymers for near infrared electrochromic and photovoltaic applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.27564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Zhaozhi Low
- lnstitute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR; 3 Research Link Singapore 117602 Singapore
| | - Wei Teng Neo
- lnstitute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR; 3 Research Link Singapore 117602 Singapore
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering; National University of Singapore; 28 Medical Drive Singapore 117456 Singapore
| | - Qun Ye
- lnstitute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR; 3 Research Link Singapore 117602 Singapore
| | - Wen Jie Ong
- lnstitute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR; 3 Research Link Singapore 117602 Singapore
| | - Ivy Hoi Ka Wong
- lnstitute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR; 3 Research Link Singapore 117602 Singapore
| | - Ting Ting Lin
- lnstitute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR; 3 Research Link Singapore 117602 Singapore
| | - Jianwei Xu
- lnstitute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR; 3 Research Link Singapore 117602 Singapore
- Department of Chemistry; National University of Singapore; 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543 Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Yang L, Yu Y, Gong Y, Li J, Ge F, Jiang L, Gao F, Dan Y. Systematic investigation of the synthesis and light-absorption broadening of a novel diketopyrrolopyrrole conjugated polymer of low and high molecular weight with thermo-labile groups. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py01086a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Removal of the thermo-labilet-Boc groups in a DPP-carbazole copolymer leads to the broadening of light-absorption and increased π–π stacking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Long Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China (Sichuan University)
- Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Yuyan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China (Sichuan University)
- Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Yulong Gong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing 400044
- China
| | - Jiarong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China (Sichuan University)
- Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Feijie Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China (Sichuan University)
- Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Long Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China (Sichuan University)
- Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Fang Gao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing 400044
- China
| | - Yi Dan
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China (Sichuan University)
- Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Goswami S, Winkel RW, Alarousu E, Ghiviriga I, Mohammed OF, Schanze KS. Photophysics of Organometallic Platinum(II) Derivatives of the Diketopyrrolopyrrole Chromophore. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:11735-43. [DOI: 10.1021/jp509987p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Subhadip Goswami
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Russell W. Winkel
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Erkki Alarousu
- Solar
and Photovoltaics Engineering Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ion Ghiviriga
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Omar F. Mohammed
- Solar
and Photovoltaics Engineering Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kirk S. Schanze
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Gora M, Krzywiec W, Mieczkowski J, Rodrigues Maia E, Louarn G, Zagorska M, Pron A. Alternating copolymers of diketopyrrolopyrrole or benzothiadiazole and alkoxy-substituted oligothiophenes: spectroscopic, electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical investigations. Electrochim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2014.07.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
49
|
Wang C, Zang Y, Qin Y, Zhang Q, Sun Y, Di C, Xu W, Zhu D. Thieno[3,2‐
b
]thiophene‐Diketopyrrolopyrrole‐Based Quinoidal Small Molecules: Synthesis, Characterization, Redox Behavior, and n‐Channel Organic Field‐Effect Transistors. Chemistry 2014; 20:13755-61. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201403037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190 (P.R. China), Fax: (+86) 10‐62569349
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049 (P.R. China)
| | - Yaping Zang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190 (P.R. China), Fax: (+86) 10‐62569349
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049 (P.R. China)
| | - Yunke Qin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190 (P.R. China), Fax: (+86) 10‐62569349
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049 (P.R. China)
| | - Qian Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190 (P.R. China), Fax: (+86) 10‐62569349
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049 (P.R. China)
| | - Yuanhui Sun
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190 (P.R. China), Fax: (+86) 10‐62569349
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049 (P.R. China)
| | - Chong‐an Di
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190 (P.R. China), Fax: (+86) 10‐62569349
| | - Wei Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190 (P.R. China), Fax: (+86) 10‐62569349
| | - Daoben Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190 (P.R. China), Fax: (+86) 10‐62569349
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Diketopyrrolopyrrole-based acceptor-acceptor conjugated polymers: The importance of comonomer on their charge transportation nature. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.27248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
|