1
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Liao J, Qiu J, Lin Y, Li Z. The application of hydrogels for enamel remineralization. Heliyon 2024; 10:e33574. [PMID: 39040369 PMCID: PMC11261051 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Enamel is composed of numerous uniformly wide, well-oriented hydroxyapatite crystals. It possesses an acellular structure that cannot be repaired after undergoing damage. Therefore, remineralization after enamel defects has become a focal point of research. Hydrogels, which are materials with three-dimensional structures derived from cross-linking polymers, have garnered significant attention in recent studies. Their exceptional properties make them valuable in the application of enamel remineralization. In this review, we summarize the structure and formation of enamel, present the design considerations of hydrogels for enamel remineralization, explore diverse hydrogels types in this context, and finally, shed light on the potential future applications in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Liao
- School of Stomatology, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, 330000, Nanchang, China
- The Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Jiangxi Province, China
- Jiangxi Province Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, China
| | - Junhong Qiu
- School of Stomatology, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, 330000, Nanchang, China
- The Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Jiangxi Province, China
- Jiangxi Province Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, China
| | - Yanfang Lin
- School of Stomatology, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, 330000, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhihua Li
- School of Stomatology, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, 330000, Nanchang, China
- The Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Jiangxi Province, China
- Jiangxi Province Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, China
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2
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Hümpfer N, Thielhorn R, Ewers H. Expanding boundaries - a cell biologist's guide to expansion microscopy. J Cell Sci 2024; 137:jcs260765. [PMID: 38629499 PMCID: PMC11058692 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Expansion microscopy (ExM) is a revolutionary novel approach to increase resolution in light microscopy. In contrast to super-resolution microscopy methods that rely on sophisticated technological advances, including novel instrumentation, ExM instead is entirely based on sample preparation. In ExM, labeled target molecules in fixed cells are anchored in a hydrogel, which is then physically enlarged by osmotic swelling. The isotropic swelling of the hydrogel pulls the labels apart from one another, and their relative organization can thus be resolved using conventional microscopes even if it was below the diffraction limit of light beforehand. As ExM can additionally benefit from the technical resolution enhancements achieved by super-resolution microscopy, it can reach into the nanometer range of resolution with an astoundingly low degree of error induced by distortion during the physical expansion process. Because the underlying chemistry is well understood and the technique is based on a relatively simple procedure, ExM is easily reproducible in non-expert laboratories and has quickly been adopted to address an ever-expanding spectrum of problems across the life sciences. In this Review, we provide an overview of this rapidly expanding new field, summarize the most important insights gained so far and attempt to offer an outlook on future developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja Hümpfer
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ria Thielhorn
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Helge Ewers
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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3
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Park HH, Choi AA, Xu K. Size-Dependent Suppression of Molecular Diffusivity in Expandable Hydrogels: A Single-Molecule Study. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:3333-3339. [PMID: 37011131 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c00761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
By repurposing the recently popularized expansion microscopy to control the meshwork size of hydrogels, we examine the size-dependent suppression of molecular diffusivity in the resultant tuned hydrogel nanomatrices over a wide range of polymer fractions of ∼0.14-7 wt %. With our recently developed single-molecule displacement/diffusivity mapping (SMdM) microscopy methods, we thus show that with a fixed meshwork size, larger molecules exhibit more impeded diffusion and that, for the same molecule, diffusion is progressively more suppressed as the meshwork size is reduced; this effect is more prominent for the larger molecules. Moreover, we show that the meshwork-induced obstruction of diffusion is uncoupled from the suppression of diffusion due to increased solution viscosities. Thus, the two mechanisms, respectively, being diffuser-size-dependent and independent, may separately scale down molecular diffusivity to produce the final diffusion slowdown in complex systems like the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha H Park
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Alexander A Choi
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Ke Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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4
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Wen G, Leen V, Rohand T, Sauer M, Hofkens J. Current Progress in Expansion Microscopy: Chemical Strategies and Applications. Chem Rev 2023; 123:3299-3323. [PMID: 36881995 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Expansion microscopy (ExM) is a newly developed super-resolution technique, allowing visualization of biological targets at nanoscale resolution on conventional fluorescence microscopes. Since its introduction in 2015, many efforts have been dedicated to broaden its application range or increase the resolution that can be achieved. As a consequence, recent years have witnessed remarkable advances in ExM. This review summarizes recent progress in ExM, with the focus on the chemical aspects of the method, from chemistries for biomolecule grafting to polymer synthesis and the impact on biological analysis. The combination of ExM with other microscopy techniques, in search of additional resolution improvement, is also discussed. In addition, we compare pre- and postexpansion labeling strategies and discuss the impact of fixation methods on ultrastructure preservation. We conclude this review with a perspective on existing challenges and future directions. We believe that this review will provide a comprehensive understanding of ExM and facilitate its usage and further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wen
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Leuven 3001, Belgium
| | - Volker Leen
- Chrometra Scientific, Kortenaken 3470, Belgium
| | - Taoufik Rohand
- Laboratory of Analytical and Molecular Chemistry, Faculty Polydisciplinaire of Safi, University Cadi Ayyad Marrakech, BP 4162, 46000 Safi, Morocco
| | - Markus Sauer
- Department of Biotechnology & Biophysics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Johan Hofkens
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Leuven 3001, Belgium
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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5
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Truckenbrodt
- Convergent Research, E11 Bio. 1600 Harbor Bay Parkway, Alameda, California94502, United States
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6
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Wang W, Chan YH, Kwon S, Tandukar J, Gao R. Nanoscale fluorescence imaging of biological ultrastructure via molecular anchoring and physical expansion. NANO CONVERGENCE 2022; 9:30. [PMID: 35810234 PMCID: PMC9271151 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-022-00318-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Nanoscale imaging of biological samples can provide rich morphological and mechanistic information about biological functions and dysfunctions at the subcellular and molecular level. Expansion microscopy (ExM) is a recently developed nanoscale fluorescence imaging method that takes advantage of physical enlargement of biological samples. In ExM, preserved cells and tissues are embedded in a swellable hydrogel, to which the molecules and fluorescent tags in the samples are anchored. When the hydrogel swells several-fold, the effective resolution of the sample images can be improved accordingly via physical separation of the retained molecules and fluorescent tags. In this review, we focus on the early conception and development of ExM from a biochemical and materials perspective. We first examine the general workflow as well as the numerous variations of ExM developed to retain and visualize a broad range of biomolecules, such as proteins, nucleic acids, and membranous structures. We then describe a number of inherent challenges facing ExM, including those associated with expansion isotropy and labeling density, as well as the ongoing effort to address these limitations. Finally, we discuss the prospect and possibility of pushing the resolution and accuracy of ExM to the single-molecule scale and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yat Ho Chan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - SoYoung Kwon
- Department of Biomedical and Health Information Sciences, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jamuna Tandukar
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ruixuan Gao
- Department of Chemistry, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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7
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Gao Y, Chai NKK, Garakani N, Datta SS, Cho HJ. Scaling laws to predict humidity-induced swelling and stiffness in hydrogels. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:9893-9900. [PMID: 34605524 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm01186c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
From pasta to biological tissues to contact lenses, gel and gel-like materials inherently soften as they swell with water. In dry, low-relative-humidity environments, these materials stiffen as they de-swell with water. Here, we use semi-dilute polymer theory to develop a simple power-law relationship between hydrogel elastic modulus and swelling. From this relationship, we predict hydrogel stiffness or swelling at arbitrary relative humidities. Our close predictions of properties of hydrogels across three different polymer mesh families at varying crosslinking densities and relative humidities demonstrate the validity and generality of our understanding. This predictive capability enables more rapid material discovery and selection for hydrogel applications in varying humidity environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Gao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA.
| | - Nicholas K K Chai
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA.
| | - Negin Garakani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA.
| | - Sujit S Datta
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
| | - H Jeremy Cho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA.
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8
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Tetra-gel enables superior accuracy in combined super-resolution imaging and expansion microscopy. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16944. [PMID: 34417516 PMCID: PMC8379153 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96258-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The accuracy of expansion microscopy (ExM) depends on the structural preservation of samples embedded in a hydrogel. However, it has been unknown to what extent gel embedding alters the molecular positions of individual labeled sites. Here, we quantified the accuracy of gel embedding by using stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM) to image DNA origami with well-defined structures. We found that embedding in hydrogels based on polyacrylamide, the most widely used chemistry in ExM, resulted in random displacements of labeled sites with a standard deviation of ~ 16 nm. In contrast, we found that embedding in tetra-gel, a hydrogel that does not depend on free-radical chain-growth polymerization, preserved labeled sites with a standard deviation of less than 5 nm. By combining tetra-gel ExM with STORM, we were able to resolve 11-nm structural features without the loss in accuracy seen with polyacrylamide gels. Our study thus provides direct measurements of the single-molecule distortions resulting from hydrogel embedding, and presents a way to improve super-resolution microscopy through combination with tetra-gel ExM.
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9
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Gallagher BR, Zhao Y. Expansion microscopy: A powerful nanoscale imaging tool for neuroscientists. Neurobiol Dis 2021; 154:105362. [PMID: 33813047 PMCID: PMC8600979 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the biggest unsolved questions in neuroscience is how molecules and neuronal circuitry create behaviors, and how their misregulation or dysfunction results in neurological disease. Light microscopy is a vital tool for the study of neural molecules and circuits. However, the fundamental optical diffraction limit precludes the use of conventional light microscopy for sufficient characterization of critical signaling compartments and nanoscopic organizations of synapse-associated molecules. We have witnessed rapid development of super-resolution microscopy methods that circumvent the resolution limit by controlling the number of emitting molecules in specific imaging volumes and allow highly resolved imaging in the 10-100 nm range. Most recently, Expansion Microscopy (ExM) emerged as an alternative solution to overcome the diffraction limit by physically magnifying biological specimens, including nervous systems. Here, we discuss how ExM works in general and currently available ExM methods. We then review ExM imaging in a wide range of nervous systems, including Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila, zebrafish, mouse, and human, and their applications to synaptic imaging, neuronal tracing, and the study of neurological disease. Finally, we provide our prospects for expansion microscopy as a powerful nanoscale imaging tool in the neurosciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan R Gallagher
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yongxin Zhao
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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10
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Valuev IL, Vanchugova LV, Gorshkova MY, Sivov NA, Valuev LI. Structure of Hydrogels and Activity of Proteins Immobilized in Them. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES B 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1560090421040114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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11
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Zhang C, Kang JS, Asano SM, Gao R, Boyden ES. Expansion Microscopy for Beginners: Visualizing Microtubules in Expanded Cultured HeLa Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 92:e96. [PMID: 32497404 PMCID: PMC7286065 DOI: 10.1002/cpns.96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Expansion microscopy (ExM) is a technique that physically expands preserved cells and tissues before microscope imaging, so that conventional diffraction-limited microscopes can perform nanoscale-resolution imaging. In ExM, biomolecules or their markers are linked to a dense, swellable gel network synthesized throughout a specimen. Mechanical homogenization of the sample (e.g., by protease digestion) and the addition of water enable isotropic swelling of the gel, so that the relative positions of biomolecules are preserved. We previously presented ExM protocols for analyzing proteins and RNAs in cells and tissues. Here we describe a cookbook-style ExM protocol for expanding cultured HeLa cells with immunostained microtubules, aimed to help newcomers familiarize themselves with the experimental setups and skills required to successfully perform ExM. Our aim is to help beginners, or students in a wet-lab classroom setting, learn all the key steps of ExM. © 2020 The Authors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhang
- Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts.,McGovern Institute, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Jeong Seuk Kang
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Shoh M Asano
- Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts.,McGovern Institute, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Current address, Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Ruixuan Gao
- Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts.,McGovern Institute, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Edward S Boyden
- Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts.,McGovern Institute, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Department of Biological Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Koch Institute for Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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12
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Gao R, Yu CCJ, Gao L, Piatkevich KD, Neve RL, Munro JB, Upadhyayula S, Boyden ES. A highly homogeneous polymer composed of tetrahedron-like monomers for high-isotropy expansion microscopy. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 16:698-707. [PMID: 33782587 PMCID: PMC8197733 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-021-00875-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Expansion microscopy (ExM) physically magnifies biological specimens to enable nanoscale-resolution imaging using conventional microscopes. Current ExM methods permeate specimens with free-radical-chain-growth-polymerized polyacrylate hydrogels, whose network structure limits the local isotropy of expansion as well as the preservation of morphology and shape at the nanoscale. Here we report that ExM is possible using hydrogels that have a more homogeneous network structure, assembled via non-radical terminal linking of tetrahedral monomers. As with earlier forms of ExM, such 'tetra-gel'-embedded specimens can be iteratively expanded for greater physical magnification. Iterative tetra-gel expansion of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) virions by ~10× in linear dimension results in a median spatial error of 9.2 nm for localizing the viral envelope layer, rather than 14.3 nm from earlier versions of ExM. Moreover, tetra-gel-based expansion better preserves the virion spherical shape. Thus, tetra-gels may support ExM with reduced spatial errors and improved local isotropy, pointing the way towards single-biomolecule accuracy ExM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixuan Gao
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Media Arts and Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - Chih-Chieh Jay Yu
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Media Arts and Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Linyi Gao
- Media Arts and Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kiryl D Piatkevich
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Media Arts and Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Rachael L Neve
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - James B Munro
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Srigokul Upadhyayula
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Advanced Bioimaging Center, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Edward S Boyden
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Media Arts and Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Biological Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- MIT Center for Neurobiological Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Koch Institute, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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13
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Culebras M, Barrett A, Pishnamazi M, Walker GM, Collins MN. Wood-Derived Hydrogels as a Platform for Drug-Release Systems. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2021; 9:2515-2522. [PMID: 34306837 PMCID: PMC8296679 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.0c08022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Wood (cellulose and lignin)-based hydrogels were successfully produced as platforms for drug-release systems. Viscoelastic and cross-linking behaviors of precursor solutions were tuned to produce highly porous hydrogel architectures via freeze-drying. Pore sizes in the range of 100-160 μm were obtained. Varying lignin molecular structure played a key role in tailoring swelling and mechanical performance of these gels with organosolv-type lignin showing optimum properties due to its propensity for intermolecular cross-linking, achieving a compressive modulus around 11 kPa. Paracetamol was selected as a standard drug for release tests and its release rate was improved with the presence of lignin (50% more compared to pure cellulose hydrogels). This was attributed to a reduction in molecular interactions between paracetamol and cellulose. These results highlight the potential for the valorization of lignin as a platform for drug-release systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Culebras
- Stokes
Laboratories, School of Engineering, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Plassy Technological Park, Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - Anthony Barrett
- Stokes
Laboratories, School of Engineering, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Plassy Technological Park, Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - Mahboubeh Pishnamazi
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, Bernal Institute, Synthesis and Solid State
Pharmaceutical Centre (SSPC), University
of Limerick, Plassy Technological
Park, Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - Gavin Michael Walker
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, Bernal Institute, Synthesis and Solid State
Pharmaceutical Centre (SSPC), University
of Limerick, Plassy Technological
Park, Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - Maurice N. Collins
- Stokes
Laboratories, School of Engineering, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Plassy Technological Park, Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland
- Health
Research Institute, University of Limerick, Plassy Technological Park, Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland
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14
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Shin S, Li M, Wu X, Saha A, Bae J. Role of soft-gel substrates on bouncing-merging transition in drop impact on a liquid film. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:571-579. [PMID: 33185222 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm01675f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Liquid droplets impacting on liquid films is common in many industrial and natural processes. It is crucial to understand the impact of droplets on a liquid film resting on soft deformable substrates in some of the applications including 3D printing of engineering structures, prosthetic implants and tissue engineering. By recognizing the practical relevance of soft-substrates, we present an experimental investigation to assess the role of deformable substrates on bouncing-to-merging transition in droplet impact on the liquid film. First, we prepared polyacrylamide (PAAm) soft-gel substrates with various "softness" (i.e., Young's modulus) by modulating the concentration of a crosslinker, N,N-methylene-bis-acrylamide (BIS). We found that the Young's modulus of PAAm initially increases with the concentration of crosslinker, and subsequently becomes almost constant due to inhomogeneity of crosslinking. Next, through the experiments of droplet impact on the liquid film resting on soft substrates with different Young's moduli, we observe that the early merging and corresponding bouncing-to-merging transitional boundaries remain unaffected by the "softness" since such merging occurs further away from the substrate. However, the late merging, which appears during the retraction process of the deformed droplet, occurs relatively close to the substrate, and hence is found to be significantly affected by its "softness". A scaling analysis is presented to quantify the role of change in Young's modulus of the substrate on late merging, which is supported by the experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyoung Shin
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. and Chemical Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Minghao Li
- Material Science and Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Xian Wu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Abhishek Saha
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Jinhye Bae
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. and Chemical Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA and Material Science and Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA and Sustainable Power and Energy Center (SPEC), University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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15
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Hybrid Acrylated Chitosan and Thiolated Pectin Cross-Linked Hydrogels with Tunable Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13020266. [PMID: 33466959 PMCID: PMC7830417 DOI: 10.3390/polym13020266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We developed and characterized a new hydrogel system based on the physical and chemical interactions of pectin partially modified with thiol groups and chitosan modified with acrylate end groups. Gelation occurred at high pectin thiol ratios, indicating that a low acrylated chitosan concentration in the hydrogel had a profound effect on the cross-linking. Turbidity, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and free thiol determination analyses were performed to determine the relationships of the different bonds inside the gel. At low pH values below the pKa of chitosan, more electrostatic interactions were formed between opposite charges, but at high pH values, the Michael-type addition reaction between acrylate and thiol took place, creating harder hydrogels. Swelling experiments and Young’s modulus measurements were performed to study the structure and properties of the resultant hydrogels. The nanostructure was examined using small-angle X-ray scattering. The texture profile analysis showed a unique property of hydrogel adhesiveness. By implementing changes in the preparation procedure, we controlled the hydrogel properties. This hybrid hydrogel system can be a good candidate for a wide range of biomedical applications, such as a mucosal biomimetic surface for mucoadhesive testing.
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16
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Wang C, Deitrick K, Seo J, Cheng Z, Zacharia NS, Weiss RA, Vogt BD. Manipulating the Mechanical Response of Hydrophobically Cross-Linked Hydrogels with Ionic Associations. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Akron, 250 South Forge Street, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Katherine Deitrick
- Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Akron, 250 South Forge Street, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Junyoung Seo
- Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Akron, 250 South Forge Street, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Ziwei Cheng
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Catalysis Center for Energy Innovation, University of Delaware, 221 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Nicole S. Zacharia
- Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Akron, 250 South Forge Street, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - R. A. Weiss
- Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Akron, 250 South Forge Street, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Bryan D. Vogt
- Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Akron, 250 South Forge Street, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
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17
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Huth S, Sindt S, Selhuber-Unkel C. Automated analysis of soft hydrogel microindentation: Impact of various indentation parameters on the measurement of Young's modulus. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0220281. [PMID: 31374079 PMCID: PMC6677382 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Measurements of Young's moduli are mostly evaluated using strong assumptions, such as sample homogeneity and isotropy. At the same time, descriptions of measurement parameters often lack detailed specifications. Many of these assumptions are, for soft hydrogels especially, not completely valid and the complexity of hydrogel microindentation demands more sophisticated experimental procedures in order to describe their elastic properties more accurately. We created an algorithm that automates indentation data analysis as a basis for the evaluation of large data sets with consideration of the influence of indentation depth on the measured Young's modulus. The algorithm automatically determines the Young's modulus in indentation regions where it becomes independent of the indentation depth and furthermore minimizes the error from fitting an elastic model to the data. This approach is independent of the chosen elastic fitting model and indentation device. With this, we are able to evaluate large amounts of indentation curves recorded on many different sample positions and can therefore apply statistical methods to overcome deviations due to sample inhomogeneities. To prove the applicability of our algorithm, we carried out a systematic analysis of how the indentation speed, indenter size and sample thickness affect the determination of Young's modulus from atomic force microscope (AFM) indentation curves on polyacrylamide (PAAm) samples. We chose the Hertz model as the elastic fitting model for this proof of principle of our algorithm and found that all of these parameters influence the measured Young's moduli to a certain extent. Hence, it is essential to clearly state the experimental parameters used in microindentation experiments to ensure reproducibility and comparability of data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Huth
- Institute of Materials Science, Biocompatible Nanomaterials, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sandra Sindt
- Institute of Materials Science, Biocompatible Nanomaterials, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
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18
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Jang ES, Kamcev J, Kobayashi K, Yan N, Sujanani R, Talley SJ, Moore RB, Paul DR, Freeman BD. Effect of Water Content on Sodium Chloride Sorption in Cross-Linked Cation Exchange Membranes. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b02550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eui-Soung Jang
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Materials Institute, Center for Energy and Environmental Resources, and Center for Research in Water Resources, The University of Texas at Austin, 10100 Burnet Road, Bldg. 133 − CEER Austin, Texas 78758, United States
| | - Jovan Kamcev
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Materials Institute, Center for Energy and Environmental Resources, and Center for Research in Water Resources, The University of Texas at Austin, 10100 Burnet Road, Bldg. 133 − CEER Austin, Texas 78758, United States
| | - Kentaro Kobayashi
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Materials Institute, Center for Energy and Environmental Resources, and Center for Research in Water Resources, The University of Texas at Austin, 10100 Burnet Road, Bldg. 133 − CEER Austin, Texas 78758, United States
| | - Ni Yan
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Materials Institute, Center for Energy and Environmental Resources, and Center for Research in Water Resources, The University of Texas at Austin, 10100 Burnet Road, Bldg. 133 − CEER Austin, Texas 78758, United States
| | - Rahul Sujanani
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Materials Institute, Center for Energy and Environmental Resources, and Center for Research in Water Resources, The University of Texas at Austin, 10100 Burnet Road, Bldg. 133 − CEER Austin, Texas 78758, United States
| | - Samantha J. Talley
- Department of Chemistry, Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Robert B. Moore
- Department of Chemistry, Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Donald R. Paul
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Materials Institute, Center for Energy and Environmental Resources, and Center for Research in Water Resources, The University of Texas at Austin, 10100 Burnet Road, Bldg. 133 − CEER Austin, Texas 78758, United States
| | - Benny D. Freeman
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Materials Institute, Center for Energy and Environmental Resources, and Center for Research in Water Resources, The University of Texas at Austin, 10100 Burnet Road, Bldg. 133 − CEER Austin, Texas 78758, United States
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19
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Wassie AT, Zhao Y, Boyden ES. Expansion microscopy: principles and uses in biological research. Nat Methods 2018; 16:33-41. [PMID: 30573813 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-018-0219-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Many biological investigations require 3D imaging of cells or tissues with nanoscale spatial resolution. We recently discovered that preserved biological specimens can be physically expanded in an isotropic fashion through a chemical process. Expansion microscopy (ExM) allows nanoscale imaging of biological specimens with conventional microscopes, decrowds biomolecules in support of signal amplification and multiplexed readout chemistries, and makes specimens transparent. We review the principles of how ExM works, advances in the technology made by our group and others, and its applications throughout biology and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmamaw T Wassie
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,McGovern Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yongxin Zhao
- Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Edward S Boyden
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA. .,Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA. .,McGovern Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA. .,Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA. .,Koch Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA. .,Center for Neurobiological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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20
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Asano SM, Gao R, Wassie AT, Tillberg P, Chen F, Boyden ES. Expansion Microscopy: Protocols for Imaging Proteins and RNA in Cells and Tissues. CURRENT PROTOCOLS IN CELL BIOLOGY 2018; 80:e56. [PMID: 30070431 PMCID: PMC6158110 DOI: 10.1002/cpcb.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Expansion microscopy (ExM) is a recently developed technique that enables nanoscale-resolution imaging of preserved cells and tissues on conventional diffraction-limited microscopes via isotropic physical expansion of the specimens before imaging. In ExM, biomolecules and/or fluorescent labels in the specimen are linked to a dense, expandable polymer matrix synthesized evenly throughout the specimen, which undergoes 3-dimensional expansion by ∼4.5 fold linearly when immersed in water. Since our first report, versions of ExM optimized for visualization of proteins, RNA, and other biomolecules have emerged. Here we describe best-practice, step-by-step ExM protocols for performing analysis of proteins (protein retention ExM, or proExM) as well as RNAs (expansion fluorescence in situ hybridization, or ExFISH), using chemicals and hardware found in a typical biology lab. Furthermore, a detailed protocol for handling and mounting expanded samples and for imaging them with confocal and light-sheet microscopes is provided. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoh M. Asano
- Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- McGovern Institute, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ruixuan Gao
- Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- McGovern Institute, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Asmamaw T. Wassie
- Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- McGovern Institute, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Fei Chen
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Edward S. Boyden
- Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- McGovern Institute, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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21
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Alon S, Huynh GH, Boyden ES. Expansion microscopy: enabling single cell analysis in intact biological systems. FEBS J 2018; 286:1482-1494. [PMID: 29938896 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
There is a need for single cell analysis methods that enable the identification and localization of different kinds of biomolecules throughout cells and intact tissues, thereby allowing characterization and classification of individual cells and their relationships to each other within intact systems. Expansion microscopy (ExM) is a technology that physically magnifies tissues in an isotropic way, thereby achieving super-resolution microscopy on diffraction-limited microscopes, enabling rapid image acquisition and large field of view. As a result, ExM is well-positioned to integrate molecular content and cellular morphology, with the spatial precision sufficient to resolve individual biological building blocks, and the scale and accessibility required to deploy over extended 3-D objects like tissues and organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahar Alon
- Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA.,McGovern Institute, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Grace H Huynh
- Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA.,McGovern Institute, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Microsoft Research, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Edward S Boyden
- Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA.,McGovern Institute, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Biological Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Koch Institute, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
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22
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Zadok I, Srebnik S. Coarse-Grained Simulation of Protein-Imprinted Hydrogels. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:7091-7101. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b03774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Israel Zadok
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Simcha Srebnik
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
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23
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Morariu S, Bercea M, Brunchi CE. Influence of Laponite RD on the properties of poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogels. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.46661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simona Morariu
- ″Petru Poni″ Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41-A Grigore Ghica Voda Alley; Iasi 700487 Romania
| | - Maria Bercea
- ″Petru Poni″ Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41-A Grigore Ghica Voda Alley; Iasi 700487 Romania
| | - Cristina-Eliza Brunchi
- ″Petru Poni″ Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41-A Grigore Ghica Voda Alley; Iasi 700487 Romania
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24
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Karagiannis ED, Boyden ES. Expansion microscopy: development and neuroscience applications. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2018; 50:56-63. [PMID: 29316506 PMCID: PMC5984670 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2017.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Many neuroscience questions center around understanding how the molecules and wiring in neural circuits mechanistically yield behavioral functions, or go awry in disease states. However, mapping the molecules and wiring of neurons across the large scales of neural circuits has posed a great challenge. We recently developed expansion microscopy (ExM), a process in which we physically magnify biological specimens such as brain circuits. We synthesize throughout preserved brain specimens a dense, even mesh of a swellable polymer such as sodium polyacrylate, anchoring key biomolecules such as proteins and nucleic acids to the polymer. After mechanical homogenization of the specimen-polymer composite, we add water, and the polymer swells, pulling biomolecules apart. Due to the larger separation between molecules, ordinary microscopes can then perform nanoscale resolution imaging. We here review the ExM technology as well as applications to the mapping of synapses, cells, and circuits, including deployment in species such as Drosophila, mouse, non-human primate, and human.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Edward S Boyden
- MIT Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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25
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Karimineghlani P, Palanisamy A, Sukhishvili SA. Self-Healing Phase Change Salogels with Tunable Gelation Temperature. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:14786-14795. [PMID: 29633618 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b03080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Chemically cross-linked polymer matrices have demonstrated strong potential for shape stabilization of molten phase change materials (PCM). However, they are not designed to be fillable and removable from a heat exchange module for an easy replacement with new PCM matrices and lack self-healing capability. Here, a new category of shapeable, self-healing gels, "salogels", is introduced. The salogels reversibly disassemble in a high-salinity environment of a fluid inorganic PCM [lithium nitrate trihydrate (LNH)], at a preprogrammed temperature. LNH was employed as a high latent heat PCM and simultaneously as a solvent, which supported the formation of a network of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) chains via physical cross-linking through poly(amidoamine) dendrimers of various generations. The existence of hydrogen bonding and the importance of low-hydration state of PVA for the efficient gelation were experimentally confirmed. The thermal behavior of PCM salogels was highly reversible and repeatable during multiple heating/cooling cycles. Importantly, the gel-sol transition temperature could be precisely controlled within a range of temperature above LNH's melting point by the choice of dendrimer generation and their concentration. Shape stabilization and self-healing properties of the salogels, taken together with tunability of their temperature-induced fluidization make these materials attractive for thermal energy storage applications that require on-demand removal and replacement of used inorganic PCM salt hydrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvin Karimineghlani
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Texas A&M University , 3003 TAMU, 209 Reed McDonald , College Station , Texas 77843-3003 , United States
| | - Anbazhagan Palanisamy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Texas A&M University , 3003 TAMU, 209 Reed McDonald , College Station , Texas 77843-3003 , United States
| | - Svetlana A Sukhishvili
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Texas A&M University , 3003 TAMU, 209 Reed McDonald , College Station , Texas 77843-3003 , United States
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26
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Controlled cross-linking strategy for formation of hydrogels, microgels and nanogels. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-018-2061-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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27
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Maestri CA, Abrami M, Hazan S, Chistè E, Golan Y, Rohrer J, Bernkop-Schnürch A, Grassi M, Scarpa M, Bettotti P. Role of sonication pre-treatment and cation valence in the sol-gel transition of nano-cellulose suspensions. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11129. [PMID: 28894262 PMCID: PMC5593908 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11649-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sol-gel transition of carboxylated cellulose nanocrystals has been investigated using rheology, SAXS, NMR and optical spectroscopies to unveil the distinctive roles of ultrasound treatments and addition of various cations. Besides cellulose fiber fragmentation, sonication treatment induces fast gelling of the solution. The gelation is independent of the addition of cations, while the final rheological properties are highly influenced by the type, concentration and sequence of the operations since the cations must be added prior to sonication to produce stiff gels. The gel elastic modulus was found to increase proportionally to the ionic charge rather than the cationic size. In cases where ions were added after sonication, SAXS analysis of the Na+ hydrogel and Ca2+ hydrogel indicated the presence of structurally ordered domains in which water is confined, and 1H-NMR investigation showed the dynamics of water exchange within the hydrogels. Conversely, separated phases containing essentially free water were characteristic of the hydrogels obtained by sonication after Ca2+ addition, confirming that this ion induces irreversible fiber aggregation. The rheological properties of the hydrogels depend on the duration of the ultrasound treatments, enabling the design of programmed materials with tailored energy dissipation response.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Maestri
- Nanoscience Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 14, 38123, Povo (TN), Italy
| | - M Abrami
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, Piazzale Europa 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - S Hazan
- Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale, Science and Technology, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, 84105, Israel
| | - E Chistè
- Nanoscience Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 14, 38123, Povo (TN), Italy
| | - Y Golan
- Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale, Science and Technology, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, 84105, Israel
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, 84105, Israel
| | - J Rohrer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - A Bernkop-Schnürch
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - M Grassi
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, Piazzale Europa 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - M Scarpa
- Nanoscience Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 14, 38123, Povo (TN), Italy
| | - P Bettotti
- Nanoscience Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 14, 38123, Povo (TN), Italy.
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28
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Diffusion of rigid nanoparticles in crowded polymer-network hydrogels: dominance of segmental density over crosslinking density. Colloid Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-017-4069-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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29
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Kisley L, Miller KA, Guin D, Kong X, Gruebele M, Leckband DE. Direct Imaging of Protein Stability and Folding Kinetics in Hydrogels. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:21606-21617. [PMID: 28553706 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b01371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We apply fast relaxation imaging (FReI) as a novel technique for investigating the folding stability and dynamics of proteins within polyacrylamide hydrogels, which have diverse and widespread uses in biotechnology. FReI detects protein unfolding in situ by imaging changes in fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) after temperature jump perturbations. Unlike bulk measurements, diffraction-limited epifluorescence imaging combined with fast temperature perturbations reveals the impact of local environment effects on protein-biomaterial compatibility. Our experiments investigated a crowding sensor protein (CrH2) and phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK), which undergoes cooperative unfolding. The crowding sensor quantifies the confinement effect of the cross-linked hydrogel: the 4% polyacrylamide hydrogel is similar to aqueous solution (no confinement), while the 10% hydrogel is strongly confining. FRAP measurements and protein concentration gradients in the 4% and 10% hydrogels further support this observation. PGK reveals that noncovalent interactions of the protein with the polymer surface are more important than confinement for determining protein properties in the gel: the mere presence of hydrogel increases protein stability, speeds up folding relaxation, and promotes irreversible binding to the polymer even at the solution-gel interface, whereas the difference between the 4% and the 10% hydrogels is negligible despite their large difference in confinement. The imaging capabilities of FReI, demonstrated to be diffraction limited, further revealed spatially homogeneous protein unfolding across the hydrogels at 500 nm length scales and revealed differences in protein properties at the gel-solution boundary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Kisley
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, ‡Department of Chemistry, §Department of Biochemistry, ∥Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and ⊥Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Kali A Miller
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, ‡Department of Chemistry, §Department of Biochemistry, ∥Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and ⊥Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Drishti Guin
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, ‡Department of Chemistry, §Department of Biochemistry, ∥Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and ⊥Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Xinyu Kong
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, ‡Department of Chemistry, §Department of Biochemistry, ∥Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and ⊥Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Martin Gruebele
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, ‡Department of Chemistry, §Department of Biochemistry, ∥Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and ⊥Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Deborah E Leckband
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, ‡Department of Chemistry, §Department of Biochemistry, ∥Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and ⊥Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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30
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Abstract
Expansion microscopy (ExM) is a recently invented technology that uses swellable charged polymers, synthesized densely and with appropriate topology throughout a preserved biological specimen, to physically magnify the specimen 100-fold in volume, or more, in an isotropic fashion. ExM enables nanoscale resolution imaging of preserved samples on inexpensive, fast, conventional microscopes. How does ExM work? How good is its performance? How do you get going on using it? In this Q&A, we provide the answers to these and other questions about this new and rapidly spreading toolbox.
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31
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Cellular compatibility of nanocomposite scaffolds based on hydroxyapatite entrapped in cellulose network for bone repair. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 75:385-392. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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32
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Parrish E, Caporizzo MA, Composto RJ. Network confinement and heterogeneity slows nanoparticle diffusion in polymer gels. J Chem Phys 2017; 146:203318. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4978054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Emmabeth Parrish
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6272, USA
| | - Matthew A. Caporizzo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6272, USA
| | - Russell J. Composto
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6272, USA
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33
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Goswami SK, McAdam CJ, Hanton LR, Moratti SC. Hyperelastic Tough Gels through Macrocross-Linking. Macromol Rapid Commun 2017; 38. [PMID: 28489301 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201700103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The wet and soft nature of hydrogels makes them useful as a mimic for biological tissues, and in uses such as actuators and drug delivery vehicles. For many applications the mechanical performance of the gel is critical, but gels are notoriously weak and prone to fracture. Free radical polymerization is a very powerful technique allowing for fine spatial and temporal control of polymerization, but also allows for the use of a wide range of monomers and mixtures. In this work, it is demonstrated that extremely tough and extensible hydrogels can be readily produced through simple radical polymerization of acrylamide or acrylic acid with a poly(ethylene oxide) macrocross-linker. These gels, with a water content of 85%, are extremely elastic with an extension much more than 15 000% at 9 MPa true stress. They can be compressed over 98% at a stress of 17 MPa. They are notch-insensitive, and the usual trouser tear test does not work because the tear simply does not propagate. This highly extensible nature seems to be related to very long chain lengths between cross-links and efficient incorporation of chains into the network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailesh K Goswami
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | | | - Lyall R Hanton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - Stephen C Moratti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
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34
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Zhang YS, Santiago GTD, Alvarez MM, Schiff SJ, Boyden ES, Khademhosseini A. Expansion Mini-Microscopy: An Enabling Alternative in Point-of-Care Diagnostics. CURRENT OPINION IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2017; 1:45-53. [PMID: 29062977 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Diagnostics play a significant role in health care. In the developing world and low-resource regions the utility for point-of-care (POC) diagnostics becomes even greater. This need has long been recognized, and diagnostic technology has seen tremendous progress with the development of portable instrumentation such as miniature imagers featuring low complexity and cost. However, such inexpensive devices have not been able to achieve a resolution sufficient for POC detection of pathogens at very small scales, such as single-cell parasites, bacteria, fungi, and viruses. To this end, expansion microscopy (ExM) is a recently developed technique that, by physically expanding preserved biological specimens through a chemical process, enables super-resolution imaging on conventional microscopes and improves imaging resolution of a given microscope without the need to modify the existing microscope hardware. Here we review recent advances in ExM and portable imagers, respectively, and discuss the rational combination of the two technologies, that we term expansion mini-microscopy (ExMM). In ExMM, the physical expansion of a biological sample followed by imaging on a mini-microscope achieves a resolution as high as that attainable by conventional high-end microscopes imaging non-expanded samples, at significant reduction in cost. We believe that this newly developed ExMM technique is likely to find widespread applications in POC diagnostics in resource-limited and remote regions by expanded-scale imaging of biological specimens that are otherwise not resolvable using low-cost imagers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Shrike Zhang
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston 02139, MA, USA.,Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge 02139, MA, USA.,Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston 02115, MA, USA
| | - Grissel Trujillo-de Santiago
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston 02139, MA, USA.,Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge 02139, MA, USA.,Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Tecnológico de Monterrey at Monterrey, CP 64849, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
| | - Mario Moisés Alvarez
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston 02139, MA, USA.,Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge 02139, MA, USA.,Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Tecnológico de Monterrey at Monterrey, CP 64849, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
| | - Steven J Schiff
- Center for Neural Engineering, Departements of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Neurosurgery, and Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, 16802, PA, USA
| | - Edward S Boyden
- Media Lab, MIT, Cambridge 02139, MA, USA.,Department of Biological Engineering, MIT, Cambridge 02139, MA, USA.,McGovern Institute, MIT, Cambridge 02139, MA, USA.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge 02139, MA, USA.,Center for Neurobiological Engineering, MIT, Cambridge 02139, MA, USA
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston 02139, MA, USA.,Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge 02139, MA, USA.,Department of Bioindustrial Technologies, College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea.,Department of Physics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21569, Saudi Arabia
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35
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36
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Álvarez-González B, Zhang S, Gómez-González M, Meili R, Firtel RA, Lasheras JC, Del Álamo JC. Two-Layer Elastographic 3-D Traction Force Microscopy. Sci Rep 2017; 7:39315. [PMID: 28074837 PMCID: PMC5225457 DOI: 10.1038/srep39315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular traction force microscopy (TFM) requires knowledge of the mechanical properties of the substratum where the cells adhere to calculate cell-generated forces from measurements of substratum deformation. Polymer-based hydrogels are broadly used for TFM due to their linearly elastic behavior in the range of measured deformations. However, the calculated stresses, particularly their spatial patterns, can be highly sensitive to the substratum's Poisson's ratio. We present two-layer elastographic TFM (2LETFM), a method that allows for simultaneously measuring the Poisson's ratio of the substratum while also determining the cell-generated forces. The new method exploits the analytical solution of the elastostatic equation and deformation measurements from two layers of the substratum. We perform an in silico analysis of 2LETFM concluding that this technique is robust with respect to TFM experimental parameters, and remains accurate even for noisy measurement data. We also provide experimental proof of principle of 2LETFM by simultaneously measuring the stresses exerted by migrating Physarum amoeboae on the surface of polyacrylamide substrata, and the Poisson's ratio of the substrata. The 2LETFM method could be generalized to concurrently determine the mechanical properties and cell-generated forces in more physiologically relevant extracellular environments, opening new possibilities to study cell-matrix interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Begoña Álvarez-González
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego.,Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineeing, University of California, San Diego
| | - Shun Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineeing, University of California, San Diego
| | - Manuel Gómez-González
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineeing, University of California, San Diego
| | - Ruedi Meili
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego.,Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineeing, University of California, San Diego
| | - Richard A Firtel
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego
| | - Juan C Lasheras
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineeing, University of California, San Diego.,Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego.,Center for Medical Devices and Instrumentation, Institute for Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego
| | - Juan C Del Álamo
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineeing, University of California, San Diego.,Center for Medical Devices and Instrumentation, Institute for Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego
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37
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Abstract
Polymer-network gels often display nano- to microstructural inhomogeneity; this article reviews multiple types of origin of this structural feature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Seiffert
- Institute of Physical Chemistry
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz
- D-55128 Mainz
- Germany
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38
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Norioka C, Kawamura A, Miyata T. Mechanical and responsive properties of temperature-responsive gels prepared via atom transfer radical polymerization. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py01323j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Temperature-responsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) gels were prepared via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), and their mechanical and responsive properties were investigated from the viewpoint of their network homogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chisa Norioka
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Engineering
- Kansai University
- Suita
- Japan
| | - Akifumi Kawamura
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Engineering
- Kansai University
- Suita
- Japan
- Organization for Research and Development of Innovative Science and Technology
| | - Takashi Miyata
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Engineering
- Kansai University
- Suita
- Japan
- Organization for Research and Development of Innovative Science and Technology
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39
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Hara K, Fujiwara S, Fujii T, Yoshioka S, Hidaka Y, Okabe H. Attempts to capturing ppb-level elements from sea water with hydrogels. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR ENERGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pnucene.2015.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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40
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Denisin AK, Pruitt BL. Tuning the Range of Polyacrylamide Gel Stiffness for Mechanobiology Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:21893-21902. [PMID: 26816386 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b09344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Adjusting the acrylamide monomer and cross-linker content in polyacrylamide gels controls the hydrogel stiffness, yet the reported elastic modulus for the same formulations varies widely and these discrepancies are frequently attributed to different measurement methods. Few studies exist that examine stiffness trends across monomer and cross-linker concentrations using the same characterization platform. In this work, we use Atomic Force Microscopy and analyze force-distance curves to derive the elastic modulus of polyacrylamide hydrogels. We find that gel elastic modulus increases with increasing cross-link concentration until an inflection point, after which gel stiffness decreases with increasing cross-linking. This behavior arises because of the formation of highly cross-linked clusters, which add inhomogeneity and heterogeneity to the network structure, causing the global network to soften even under high cross-linking conditions. We identify these inflection points for three different total polymer formulations. When we alter gelation kinetics by using a low polymerization temperature, we find that gels are stiffer when polymerized at 4 °C compared to room temperature, indicating a complex relationship between gel structure, elasticity, and network formation. We also investigate how gel stiffness changes during storage over 10 days and find that specific gel formulations undergo significant stiffening (1.55 ± 0.13), which may be explained by differences in gel swelling resulting from initial polymerization parameters. Taken together, our study emphasizes the importance of polyacrylamide formulation, polymerization temperature, gelation time, and storage duration in defining the structural and mechanical properties of the polyacrylamide hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra K Denisin
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University , 443 Via Ortega, Shriram Center, Room 119, Stanford, California 94305-4125, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University , Building 530 440 Escondido Mall, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Beth L Pruitt
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University , Building 530 440 Escondido Mall, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University , 265 Campus Drive Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine , 279 Campus Drive, Beckman Center, Room B100A, Stanford, California 94305-5345, United States
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41
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Gräfe D, Zschoche S, Appelhans D, Voit B. Tetra-sensitive graft copolymer gels with high volume changes. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra01857b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
For the preparation of multi-responsive graft copolymer gels for hydrogel-based microsystem technologies, a poly(4-vinylbenzoic acid) macromonomer was prepared in a three-step synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Gräfe
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e. V
- 01069 Dresden
- Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden
- Chair of Organic Chemistry of Polymers
| | - S. Zschoche
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e. V
- 01069 Dresden
- Germany
| | - D. Appelhans
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e. V
- 01069 Dresden
- Germany
| | - B. Voit
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e. V
- 01069 Dresden
- Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden
- Chair of Organic Chemistry of Polymers
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42
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Zahoranová A, Kroneková Z, Zahoran M, Chorvát D, Janigová I, Kronek J. Poly(2-oxazoline) hydrogels crosslinked with aliphatic bis(2-oxazoline)s: Properties, cytotoxicity, and cell cultivation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.28009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Zahoranová
- Polymer Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences; Dúbravská Cesta 9, 845 41 Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Kroneková
- Polymer Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences; Dúbravská Cesta 9, 845 41 Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Miroslav Zahoran
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics; Comenius University; Mlynská Dolina, 842 48 Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Dušan Chorvát
- International Laser Center; Ilkovičova 3, 841 04 Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Ivica Janigová
- Polymer Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences; Dúbravská Cesta 9, 845 41 Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Juraj Kronek
- Polymer Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences; Dúbravská Cesta 9, 845 41 Bratislava Slovakia
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43
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Mandal A, Chakrabarty D. Characterization of nanocellulose reinforced semi-interpenetrating polymer network of poly(vinyl alcohol) & polyacrylamide composite films. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 134:240-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.07.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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44
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Ali W, Gebert B, Hennecke T, Graf K, Ulbricht M, Gutmann JS. Design of Thermally Responsive Polymeric Hydrogels for Brackish Water Desalination: Effect of Architecture on Swelling, Deswelling, and Salt Rejection. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:15696-15706. [PMID: 26090770 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b03878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we explore the ability of utilizing hydrogels synthesized from a temperature-sensitive polymer and a polyelectrolyte to desalinate salt water by means of reversible thermally induced absorption and desorption. Thus, the influence of the macromolecular architecture on the swelling/deswelling behavior for such hydrogels was investigated by tailor-made network structures. To this end, a series of chemically cross-linked polymeric hydrogels were synthesized via free radical-initiated copolymerization of sodium acrylate (SA) with the thermoresponsive comonomer N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) by realizing different structural types. In particular, two different polyNIPAAm macromonomers, either with one acrylate function at the chain end or with additional acrylate functions as side groups were synthesized by controlled polymerization and subsequent polymer-analogous reaction and then used as building blocks. The rheological behaviors of hydrogels and their estimated mesh sizes are discussed. The performance of the hydrogels in terms of swelling and deswelling in both deionized water (DI) and brackish water (2 g/L NaCl) was measured as a function of cross-linking degree and particle size. The salt content could be reduced by 23% in one cycle by using the best performing material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wael Ali
- †Physikalische Chemie and CENIDE (Center for Nanointegration), Universität Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 2, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Beate Gebert
- ‡Deutsches Textilforschungszentrum Nord-West e. V., Adlerstrasse 1, 47798 Krefeld, Germany
| | - Tobias Hennecke
- §Technische Chemie II and CENIDE (Center for Nanointegration), Universität Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 5, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Karlheinz Graf
- †Physikalische Chemie and CENIDE (Center for Nanointegration), Universität Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 2, 45141 Essen, Germany
- ⊥Physikalische Chemie, Hochschule Niederrhein, Adlerstrasse 32, 47798 Krefeld, Germany
| | - Mathias Ulbricht
- §Technische Chemie II and CENIDE (Center for Nanointegration), Universität Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 5, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Jochen S Gutmann
- †Physikalische Chemie and CENIDE (Center for Nanointegration), Universität Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 2, 45141 Essen, Germany
- ‡Deutsches Textilforschungszentrum Nord-West e. V., Adlerstrasse 1, 47798 Krefeld, Germany
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45
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Ventura I, Bianco-Peled H. Small-angle X-ray scattering study on pectin–chitosan mixed solutions and thermoreversible gels. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 123:122-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2014] [Revised: 12/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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46
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Nishi K, Asai H, Fujii K, Han YS, Kim TH, Sakai T, Shibayama M. Small-Angle Neutron Scattering Study on Defect-Controlled Polymer Networks. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma402590n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kengo Nishi
- Institute
for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - Hanako Asai
- Frontier
Fiber Technology and Science, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Fukui, 3-9-1 Bukyo, Fukui, Fukui, 910-8507, Japan
| | - Kenta Fujii
- Institute
for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - Young-Soo Han
- Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon, 1045 Daedeok-daero, Yuseong-gu, 305-353, Korea
| | - Tae-Hwan Kim
- Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon, 1045 Daedeok-daero, Yuseong-gu, 305-353, Korea
| | - Takamasa Sakai
- Department
of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Shibayama
- Institute
for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
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47
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Ventura I, Jammal J, Bianco-Peled H. Insights into the nanostructure of low-methoxyl pectin–calcium gels. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 97:650-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.05.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2013] [Revised: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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48
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Kondo S, Sakurai H, Chung UI, Sakai T. Mechanical Properties of Polymer Gels with Bimodal Distribution in Strand Length. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma401533z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Kondo
- Department of Bioengineering, School
of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo
113-8656, Japan
| | - Hayato Sakurai
- Department of Bioengineering, School
of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo
113-8656, Japan
| | - Ung-il Chung
- Department of Bioengineering, School
of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo
113-8656, Japan
| | - Takamasa Sakai
- Department of Bioengineering, School
of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo
113-8656, Japan
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49
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Xin H, Saricilar SZ, Brown HR, Whitten PG, Spinks GM. Effect of First Network Topology on the Toughness of Double Network Hydrogels. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma400892g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hai Xin
- ARC Centre
of Excellence in
Electromaterials Science and Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Innovation Campus, Squires
Way, North Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Sureyya Zengin Saricilar
- ARC Centre
of Excellence in
Electromaterials Science and Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Innovation Campus, Squires
Way, North Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
- School of Mechanical, Materials
and Mechatronic Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Hugh R. Brown
- ARC Centre
of Excellence in
Electromaterials Science and Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Innovation Campus, Squires
Way, North Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
- School of Mechanical, Materials
and Mechatronic Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Philip G. Whitten
- School of Mechanical, Materials
and Mechatronic Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Geoffrey M. Spinks
- ARC Centre
of Excellence in
Electromaterials Science and Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Innovation Campus, Squires
Way, North Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
- School of Mechanical, Materials
and Mechatronic Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
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50
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Kondo S, Chung UI, Sakai T. Effect of prepolymer architecture on the network structure formed by AB-type crosslink-coupling. Polym J 2013. [DOI: 10.1038/pj.2013.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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