1
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Keate RL, Tropp J, Collins CP, Ware HOT, Petty AJ, Ameer GA, Sun C, Rivnay J. 3D-Printed Electroactive Hydrogel Architectures with Sub-100 µm Resolution Promote Myoblast Viability. Macromol Biosci 2022; 22:e2200103. [PMID: 35596668 PMCID: PMC9879017 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202200103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
3D-printed hydrogel scaffolds functionalized with conductive polymers have demonstrated significant potential in regenerative applications for their structural tunability, physiochemical compatibility, and electroactivity. Controllably generating conductive hydrogels with fine features, however, has proven challenging. Here, micro-continuous liquid interface production (μCLIP) method is utilized to 3D print poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (pHEMA) hydrogels. With a unique in-situ polymerization approach, a sulfonated monomer is first incorporated into the hydrogel matrix and subsequently polymerized into a conjugated polyelectrolyte, poly(4-(2,3-dihydro-thieno[3,4-b][1,4]dioxin-2-ylmethoxy)-butane-1 sulfonic acid sodium salt (PEDOT-S). Rod structures are fabricated at different crosslinking levels to investigate PEDOT-S incorporation and its effect on bulk hydrogel electronic and mechanical properties. After demonstrating that PEDOT-S does not significantly compromise the structures of the bulk material, pHEMA scaffolds are fabricated via μCLIP with features smaller than 100 µm. Scaffold characterization confirms PEDOT-S incorporation bolstered conductivity while lowering overall modulus. Finally, C2C12 myoblasts are seeded on PEDOT-pHEMA structures to verify cytocompatibility and the potential of this material in future regenerative applications. PEDOT-pHEMA scaffolds promote increased cell viability relative to their non-conductive counterparts and differentially influence cell organization. Taken together, this study presents a promising new approach for fabricating complex conductive hydrogel structures for regenerative applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L. Keate
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA,Center for Advanced Regenerative Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA,Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Joshua Tropp
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA,Center for Advanced Regenerative Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA,Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Caralyn P. Collins
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Henry Oliver T. Ware
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Anthony J. Petty
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA,Center for Advanced Regenerative Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA,Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Guillermo A. Ameer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA,Center for Advanced Regenerative Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Cheng Sun
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Jonathan Rivnay
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA,Center for Advanced Regenerative Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA,Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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2
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Long S, Xie C, Lu X. Natural polymer‐based adhesive hydrogel for biomedical applications. BIOSURFACE AND BIOTRIBOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1049/bsb2.12036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Long
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials Ministry of Education School of Materials Science and Engineering Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu China
- Yibin Research Institute Southwest Jiaotong University Yibin China
| | - Chaoming Xie
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials Ministry of Education School of Materials Science and Engineering Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu China
- Yibin Research Institute Southwest Jiaotong University Yibin China
| | - Xiong Lu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials Ministry of Education School of Materials Science and Engineering Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu China
- Yibin Research Institute Southwest Jiaotong University Yibin China
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3
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Sano K, Kawamura R, Osada Y. Intelligent gels – artificial soft tissue for the next era. POLYM INT 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.6305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ken‐Ichi Sano
- Department of Applied Chemistry Nippon Institute of Technology Saitama Japan
| | - Ryuzo Kawamura
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Saitama University Saitama Japan
| | - Yoshihito Osada
- Nano Medical Engineering Laboratory, Riken, Wako Saitama Japan
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4
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Jordan RS, Frye J, Hernandez V, Prado I, Giglio A, Abbasizadeh N, Flores-Martinez M, Shirzad K, Xu B, Hill IM, Wang Y. 3D printed architected conducting polymer hydrogels. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:7258-7270. [PMID: 34105592 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb00877c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Conducting polymer hydrogels combine electrical conductivity and tunable water content, rendering them strong candidates for a range of applications including biosensors, cell culture platforms, and energy storage devices. However, these hydrogels are mechanically brittle and prone to damage, prohibiting their use in emerging applications involving dynamic movement and large mechanical deformation. Here, we demonstrate that applying the concept of architecture to conducting polymer hydrogels can circumvent these impediments. A stereolithography 3D printing method is developed to successfully fabricate such hydrogels in complex lattice structures. The resulting hydrogels exhibit elastic compressibility, high fracture strain, enhanced cycling stability, and damage-tolerant properties despite their chemical composition being identical to their brittle, solid counterparts. Furthermore, concentrating the deformation to the 3D geometry, rather than polymer microstructure, effectively decouples the mechanical and electrical properties of the hydrogel lattices from their intrinsic properties associated with their chemical composition. The confluence of these new physical properties for conducting polymer hydrogels opens broad opportunities for a myriad of dynamic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert S Jordan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Merced, USA.
| | - Jacob Frye
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Merced, USA.
| | - Victor Hernandez
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Merced, USA.
| | - Isabel Prado
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Merced, USA.
| | - Adrian Giglio
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Merced, USA
| | | | | | - Kiana Shirzad
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Merced, USA.
| | - Bohao Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Merced, USA.
| | - Ian M Hill
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Merced, USA.
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Merced, USA. and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of California, Merced, USA
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5
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Wei H, Lei M, Zhang P, Leng J, Zheng Z, Yu Y. Orthogonal photochemistry-assisted printing of 3D tough and stretchable conductive hydrogels. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2082. [PMID: 33828100 PMCID: PMC8027177 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21869-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
3D-printing tough conductive hydrogels (TCHs) with complex structures is still a challenging task in related fields due to their inherent contrasting multinetworks, uncontrollable and slow polymerization of conductive components. Here we report an orthogonal photochemistry-assisted printing (OPAP) strategy to make 3D TCHs in one-pot via the combination of rational visible-light-chemistry design and reliable extrusion printing technique. This orthogonal chemistry is rapid, controllable, and simultaneously achieve the photopolymerization of EDOT and phenol-coupling reaction, leading to the construction of tough hydrogels in a short time (tgel ~30 s). As-prepared TCHs are tough, conductive, stretchable, and anti-freezing. This template-free 3D printing can process TCHs to arbitrary structures during the fabrication process. To further demonstrate the merits of this simple OPAP strategy and TCHs, 3D-printed TCHs hydrogel arrays and helical lines, as proofs-of-concept, are made to assemble high-performance pressure sensors and a temperature-responsive actuator. It is anticipated that this one-pot rapid, controllable OPAP strategy opens new horizons to tough hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongqiu Wei
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ming Lei
- School of Astronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jinsong Leng
- Center for Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Zijian Zheng
- Institute of Textiles and Clothing & Research Institute for Smart Energy, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - You Yu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.
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6
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Markov A, Wördenweber R, Ichkitidze L, Gerasimenko A, Kurilova U, Suetina I, Mezentseva M, Offenhäusser A, Telyshev D. Biocompatible SWCNT Conductive Composites for Biomedical Applications. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E2492. [PMID: 33322503 PMCID: PMC7763503 DOI: 10.3390/nano10122492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The efficiency of devices for biomedical applications, including tissue engineering and neuronal stimulation, heavily depends on their biocompatibility and performance level. Therefore, it is important to find adequate materials that meet the necessary requirements such as (i) being intrinsically compatible with biological systems, (ii) providing a sufficient electronic conductivity that promotes efficient signal transduction, (iii) having "soft" mechanical properties comparable to biological structures, and (iv) being degradable in physiological solution. We have developed organic conducting biocompatible single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) composites based on bovine serum albumin, carboxymethylcellulose, and acrylic polymer and investigated their properties, which are relevant for biomedical applications. This includes ζ-potential measurements, conductivity analyses, and SEM micrographs, the latter providing a local analysis of SWCNT distribution in the base material. We observed the development of the electrical conductivity of the SWCNT composites exposed to 1 mM KCl electrolyte for 40 days, representing a high stability of the samples. The conductivity of samples reaches 1300 S/m for 0.45 wt.% nanotubes. Moreover, we demonstrated the biocompatibility of the composites via cultivating fibroblast cell culture. Finally, we showed that composite coating results in the longer lifespan of cells on the surface. Overall, the SWCNT-based conductive composites might be a promising material for extended biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr Markov
- Institute for Bionic Technologies and Engineering, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (L.I.); (A.G.); (D.T.)
| | - Roger Wördenweber
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, Bioelectronics (IBI-3), Research Center Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany; (R.W.); (A.O.)
| | - Levan Ichkitidze
- Institute for Bionic Technologies and Engineering, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (L.I.); (A.G.); (D.T.)
- Institute of Biomedical Systems, National Research University of Electronic Technology, Zelenograd, 124498 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Alexander Gerasimenko
- Institute for Bionic Technologies and Engineering, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (L.I.); (A.G.); (D.T.)
- Institute of Biomedical Systems, National Research University of Electronic Technology, Zelenograd, 124498 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Ulyana Kurilova
- Institute of Biomedical Systems, National Research University of Electronic Technology, Zelenograd, 124498 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Irina Suetina
- Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, N. F. Gamaleya National Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (I.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Marina Mezentseva
- Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, N. F. Gamaleya National Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (I.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Andreas Offenhäusser
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, Bioelectronics (IBI-3), Research Center Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany; (R.W.); (A.O.)
| | - Dmitry Telyshev
- Institute for Bionic Technologies and Engineering, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (L.I.); (A.G.); (D.T.)
- Institute of Biomedical Systems, National Research University of Electronic Technology, Zelenograd, 124498 Moscow, Russia;
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7
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Jafarigol E, Salehi MB, Mortaheb HR. Preparation and assessment of electro-conductive poly(acrylamide-co-acrylic acid) carboxymethyl cellulose/reduced graphene oxide hydrogel with high viscoelasticity. Chem Eng Res Des 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2020.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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8
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Panteli PA, Patrickios CS. Multiply Interpenetrating Polymer Networks: Preparation, Mechanical Properties, and Applications. Gels 2019; 5:E36. [PMID: 31288470 PMCID: PMC6787649 DOI: 10.3390/gels5030036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes work done on triply, or higher, interpenetrating polymer network materials prepared in order to widen the properties of double polymer network hydrogels (DN), doubly interpenetrating polymer networks with enhanced mechanical properties. The review will show that introduction of a third, or fourth, polymeric component in the DNs would further enhance the mechanical properties of the resulting materials, but may also introduce other useful functionalities, including electrical conductivity, low-friction coefficients, and (bio)degradability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panayiota A Panteli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, P. O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Costas S Patrickios
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, P. O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus.
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9
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Chakraborty P, Guterman T, Adadi N, Yadid M, Brosh T, Adler-Abramovich L, Dvir T, Gazit E. A Self-Healing, All-Organic, Conducting, Composite Peptide Hydrogel as Pressure Sensor and Electrogenic Cell Soft Substrate. ACS NANO 2019; 13:163-175. [PMID: 30588802 PMCID: PMC6420063 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b05067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Conducting polymer hydrogels (CPHs) emerge as excellent functional materials, as they harness the advantages of conducting polymers with the mechanical properties and continuous 3D nanostructures of hydrogels. This bicomponent organization results in soft, all-organic, conducting micro-/nanostructures with multifarious material applications. However, the application of CPHs as functional materials for biomedical applications is currently limited due to the necessity to combine the features of biocompatibility, self-healing, and fine-tuning of the mechanical properties. To overcome this issue, we choose to combine a protected dipeptide as the supramolecular gelator, owing to its intrinsic biocompatibility and excellent gelation ability, with the conductive polymer polyaniline (PAni), which was polymerized in situ. Thus, a two-component, all-organic, conducting hydrogel was formed. Spectroscopic evidence reveals the formation of the emeraldine salt form of PAni by intrinsic doping. The composite hydrogel is mechanically rigid with a very high storage modulus ( G') value of ∼2 MPa, and the rigidity was tuned by changing the peptide concentration. The hydrogel exhibits ohmic conductivity, pressure sensitivity, and, importantly, self-healing features. By virtue of its self-healing property, the polymeric nonmetallic hydrogel can reinstate its intrinsic conductivity when two of its macroscopically separated blocks are rejoined. High cell viability of cardiomyocytes grown on the composite hydrogel demonstrates its noncytotoxicity. These combined attributes of the hydrogel allowed its utilization for dynamic range pressure sensing and as a conductive interface for electrogenic cardiac cells. The composite hydrogel supports cardiomyocyte organization into a spontaneously contracting system. The composite hydrogel thus has considerable potential for various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyadarshi Chakraborty
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Tom Guterman
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Nofar Adadi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Moran Yadid
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Tamar Brosh
- Department of Oral Biology, The Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Lihi Adler-Abramovich
- Department of Oral Biology, The Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Tal Dvir
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Ehud Gazit
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
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10
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11
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Abstract
Hydrogels have emerged as a promising bioelectronic interfacing material. This review discusses the fundamentals and recent advances in hydrogel bioelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunwoo Yuk
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Cambridge
- USA
| | - Baoyang Lu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Cambridge
- USA
- School of Pharmacy
| | - Xuanhe Zhao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Cambridge
- USA
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
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12
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Zhu F, Lin J, Wu ZL, Qu S, Yin J, Qian J, Zheng Q. Tough and Conductive Hybrid Hydrogels Enabling Facile Patterning. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:13685-13692. [PMID: 29608271 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b01873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Conductive polymer hydrogels (CPHs) that combine the unique properties of hydrogels and electronic properties of conductors have shown their great potentials in wearable/implantable electronic devices, where materials with remarkable mechanical properties, high conductivity, and easy processability are demanding. Here, we have developed a new type of polyion complex/polyaniline (PIC/PAni) hybrid hydrogels that are tough, conductive, and can be facilely patterned. The incorporation of conductive phase (PAni) into PIC matrix through phytic acid resulted in hybrid gels with ∼65 wt % water; high conductivity while maintaining the key viscoelasticity of the tough matrix. The gel prepared from 1 M aniline (Ani) exhibited the breaking strain, fracture stress, tensile modulus, and electrical conductivity of 395%, 1.15 MPa, 5.31 MPa, and 0.7 S/m, respectively, superior to the most existing CPHs. The mechanical and electrical performance of PIC/PAni hybrid hydrogels exhibited pronounced rate-dependent and self-recovery behaviors. The hybrid gels can effectively detect subtle human motions as strain sensors. Alternating conductive/nonconductive patterns can be readily achieved by selective Ani polymerization using stencil masks. This facile patterning method based on PIC/PAni gels can be readily scaled up for fast fabrication of wavy gel circuits and multichannel sensor arrays, enabling real-time monitoring of the large-extent and large-area deformations with various sensitivities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jun Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Process and Equipment of Zhejiang Province, School of Mechanical Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310028 , China
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13
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A mechanically strong conductive hydrogel reinforced by diaminotriazine hydrogen bonding. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-017-1960-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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15
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Si Y, Wang L, Wang X, Tang N, Yu J, Ding B. Ultrahigh-Water-Content, Superelastic, and Shape-Memory Nanofiber-Assembled Hydrogels Exhibiting Pressure-Responsive Conductivity. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29. [PMID: 28417597 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201700339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
High-water-content hydrogels that are both mechanically robust and conductive could have wide applications in fields ranging from bioengineering and electronic devices to medicine; however, creating such materials has proven to be extremely challenging. This study presents a scalable methodology to prepare superelastic, cellular-structured nanofibrous hydrogels (NFHs) by combining alginate and flexible SiO2 nanofibers. This approach causes naturally abundant and sustainable alginate to assemble into 3D elastic bulk NFHs with tunable water content and desirable shapes on a large scale. The resultant NFHs exhibit the integrated properties of ultrahigh water content (99.8 wt%), complete recovery from 80% strain, zero Poisson's ratio, shape-memory behavior, injectability, and elastic-responsive conductivity, which can detect dynamic pressure in a wide range (>50 Pa) with robust sensitivity (0.24 kPa-1 ) and durability (100 cycles). The fabrication of such fascinating materials may provide new insights into the design and development of multifunctional hydrogels for various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Si
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Lihuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Xueqin Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Ning Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Jianyong Yu
- Nanofibers Research Center, Modern Textile Institute, Donghua University, Shanghai, 200051, China
| | - Bin Ding
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
- Nanofibers Research Center, Modern Textile Institute, Donghua University, Shanghai, 200051, China
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16
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Wu Q, Wei J, Xu B, Liu X, Wang H, Wang W, Wang Q, Liu W. A robust, highly stretchable supramolecular polymer conductive hydrogel with self-healability and thermo-processability. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41566. [PMID: 28134283 PMCID: PMC5278500 DOI: 10.1038/srep41566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dual amide hydrogen bond crosslinked and strengthened high strength supramolecular polymer conductive hydrogels were fabricated by simply in situ doping poly (N-acryloyl glycinamide-co-2-acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic) (PNAGA-PAMPS) hydrogels with PEDOT/PSS. The nonswellable conductive hydrogels in PBS demonstrated high mechanical performances-0.22-0.58 MPa tensile strength, 1.02-7.62 MPa compressive strength, and 817-1709% breaking strain. The doping of PEDOT/PSS could significantly improve the specific conductivities of the hydrogels. Cyclic heating and cooling could lead to reversible sol-gel transition and self-healability due to the dynamic breakup and reconstruction of hydrogen bonds. The mending hydrogels recovered not only the mechanical properties, but also conductivities very well. These supramolecular conductive hydrogels could be designed into arbitrary shapes with 3D printing technique, and further, printable electrode can be obtained by blending activated charcoal powder with PNAGA-PAMPS/PEDOT/PSS hydrogel under melting state. The fabricated supercapacitor via the conducting hydrogel electrodes possessed high capacitive performances. These cytocompatible conductive hydrogels have a great potential to be used as electro-active and electrical biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Junjie Wei
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Bing Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Xinhua Liu
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Hongbo Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Qigang Wang
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Wenguang Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
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17
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Sekitani T, Yokota T, Kuribara K, Kaltenbrunner M, Fukushima T, Inoue Y, Sekino M, Isoyama T, Abe Y, Onodera H, Someya T. Ultraflexible organic amplifier with biocompatible gel electrodes. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11425. [PMID: 27125910 PMCID: PMC5411732 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In vivo electronic monitoring systems are promising technology to obtain biosignals with high spatiotemporal resolution and sensitivity. Here we demonstrate the fabrication of a biocompatible highly conductive gel composite comprising multi-walled carbon nanotube-dispersed sheet with an aqueous hydrogel. This gel composite exhibits admittance of 100 mS cm−2 and maintains high admittance even in a low-frequency range. On implantation into a living hypodermal tissue for 4 weeks, it showed a small foreign-body reaction compared with widely used metal electrodes. Capitalizing on the multi-functional gel composite, we fabricated an ultrathin and mechanically flexible organic active matrix amplifier on a 1.2-μm-thick polyethylene-naphthalate film to amplify (amplification factor: ∼200) weak biosignals. The composite was integrated to the amplifier to realize a direct lead epicardial electrocardiography that is easily spread over an uneven heart tissue. Flexible electronics promise the opportunity to monitor biological activity via implanted devices. Here, the authors develop a biocompatible conductive carbon nanotube/gel composite and couple it with an ultrathin flexible amplifier, enabling in vivo measurement of epicardial electrocardiogram signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Sekitani
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.,The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Yokota
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Kazunori Kuribara
- Department of Applied Physics, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Martin Kaltenbrunner
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.,Soft Matter Physics, Linz Institute of Technology LIT, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstrasse 69, Linz 4040, Austria
| | - Takanori Fukushima
- Chemical Resource Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259R1-1, Nagatsuda, Midoriku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan
| | - Yusuke Inoue
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Masaki Sekino
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Takashi Isoyama
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yusuke Abe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Onodera
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.,Photon Science Center, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Takao Someya
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.,Department of Applied Physics, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.,Photon Science Center, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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18
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Yang B, Yao F, Hao T, Fang W, Ye L, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Li J, Wang C. Development of Electrically Conductive Double-Network Hydrogels via One-Step Facile Strategy for Cardiac Tissue Engineering. Adv Healthc Mater 2016; 5:474-88. [PMID: 26626543 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201500520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac tissue engineering is an effective method to treat the myocardial infarction. However, the lack of electrical conductivity of biomaterials limits their applications. In this work, a homogeneous electronically conductive double network (HEDN) hydrogel via one-step facile strategy is developed, consisting of a rigid/hydrophobic/conductive network of chemical crosslinked poly(thiophene-3-acetic acid) (PTAA) and a flexible/hydrophilic/biocompatible network of photo-crosslinking methacrylated aminated gelatin (MAAG). Results suggest that the swelling, mechanical, and conductive properties of HEDN hydrogel can be modulated via adjusting the ratio of PTAA network to MAAG network. HEDN hydrogel has Young's moduli ranging from 22.7 to 493.1 kPa, and its conductivity (≈10(-4) S cm(-1)) falls in the range of reported conductivities for native myocardium tissue. To assess their biological activity, the brown adipose-derived stem cells (BADSCs) are seeded on the surface of HEDN hydrogel with or without electrical stimulation. Our data show that the HEDN hydrogel can support the survival and proliferation of BADSCs, and that it can improve the cardiac differentiation efficiency of BADSCs and upregulate the expression of connexin 43. Moreover, electrical stimulation can further improve this effect. Overall, it is concluded that the HEDN hydrogel may represent an ideal scaffold for cardiac tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boguang Yang
- Department of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Tissue Engineering Research Center; Academy of Military Medical Sciences; Beijing 100850 China
- Department of Polymer Science and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of Ministry of Education; School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Tianjin University; No. 92, Weijin Road Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Fanglian Yao
- Department of Polymer Science and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of Ministry of Education; School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Tianjin University; No. 92, Weijin Road Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Tong Hao
- Department of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Tissue Engineering Research Center; Academy of Military Medical Sciences; Beijing 100850 China
| | - Wancai Fang
- Department of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Tissue Engineering Research Center; Academy of Military Medical Sciences; Beijing 100850 China
- Department of Polymer Science and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of Ministry of Education; School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Tianjin University; No. 92, Weijin Road Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Lei Ye
- Department of Polymer Science and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of Ministry of Education; School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Tianjin University; No. 92, Weijin Road Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Yabin Zhang
- Department of Polymer Science and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of Ministry of Education; School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Tianjin University; No. 92, Weijin Road Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Tissue Engineering Research Center; Academy of Military Medical Sciences; Beijing 100850 China
| | - Junjie Li
- Department of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Tissue Engineering Research Center; Academy of Military Medical Sciences; Beijing 100850 China
| | - Changyong Wang
- Department of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Tissue Engineering Research Center; Academy of Military Medical Sciences; Beijing 100850 China
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19
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Ding H, Zhong M, Kim YJ, Pholpabu P, Balasubramanian A, Hui CM, He H, Yang H, Matyjaszewski K, Bettinger CJ. Biologically derived soft conducting hydrogels using heparin-doped polymer networks. ACS NANO 2014; 8:4348-57. [PMID: 24738911 PMCID: PMC4046800 DOI: 10.1021/nn406019m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of flexible and stretchable electronic components expands the range of applications of electronic devices. Flexible devices are ideally suited for electronic biointerfaces because of mechanically permissive structures that conform to curvilinear structures found in native tissue. Most electronic materials used in these applications exhibit elastic moduli on the order of 0.1-1 MPa. However, many electronically excitable tissues exhibit elasticities in the range of 1-10 kPa, several orders of magnitude smaller than existing components used in flexible devices. This work describes the use of biologically derived heparins as scaffold materials for fabricating networks with hybrid electronic/ionic conductivity and ultracompliant mechanical properties. Photo-cross-linkable heparin-methacrylate hydrogels serve as templates to control the microstructure and doping of in situ polymerized polyaniline structures. Macroscopic heparin-doped polyaniline hydrogel dual networks exhibit impedances as low as Z = 4.17 Ω at 1 kHz and storage moduli of G' = 900 ± 100 Pa. The conductivity of heparin/polyaniline networks depends on the oxidation state and microstructure of secondary polyaniline networks. Furthermore, heparin/polyaniline networks support the attachment, proliferation, and differentiation of murine myoblasts without any surface treatments. Taken together, these results suggest that heparin/polyaniline hydrogel networks exhibit suitable physical properties as an electronically active biointerface material that can match the mechanical properties of soft tissues composed of excitable cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangjun Ding
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science & Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100083, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Mingjiang Zhong
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Young Jo Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Pitirat Pholpabu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Aditya Balasubramanian
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Chin Ming Hui
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Hongkun He
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Huai Yang
- School of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100187, People’s Republic of China
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Christopher John Bettinger
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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20
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Warren H, Gately RD, O'Brien P, Gorkin R, in het Panhuis M. Electrical conductivity, impedance, and percolation behavior of carbon nanofiber and carbon nanotube containing gellan gum hydrogels. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.23497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Holly Warren
- Soft Materials Group; School of Chemistry, University of Wollongong; Wollongong New South Wales 2522 Australia
| | - Reece D. Gately
- Soft Materials Group; School of Chemistry, University of Wollongong; Wollongong New South Wales 2522 Australia
| | - Patrick O'Brien
- Soft Materials Group; School of Chemistry, University of Wollongong; Wollongong New South Wales 2522 Australia
| | - Robert Gorkin
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute; ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, AIIM Facility, University of Wollongong; Wollongong New South Wales 2522 Australia
| | - Marc in het Panhuis
- Soft Materials Group; School of Chemistry, University of Wollongong; Wollongong New South Wales 2522 Australia
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute; ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, AIIM Facility, University of Wollongong; Wollongong New South Wales 2522 Australia
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21
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Zhao X. Multi-scale multi-mechanism design of tough hydrogels: building dissipation into stretchy networks. SOFT MATTER 2014; 10:672-87. [PMID: 24834901 PMCID: PMC4040255 DOI: 10.1039/c3sm52272e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 608] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
As swollen polymer networks in water, hydrogels are usually brittle. However, hydrogels with high toughness play critical roles in many plant and animal tissues as well as in diverse engineering applications. Here we review the intrinsic mechanisms of a wide variety of tough hydrogels developed over the past few decades. We show that tough hydrogels generally possess mechanisms to dissipate substantial mechanical energy but still maintain high elasticity under deformation. The integrations and interactions of different mechanisms for dissipating energy and maintaining elasticity are essential to the design of tough hydrogels. A matrix that combines various mechanisms is constructed for the first time to guide the design of next-generation tough hydrogels. We further highlight that a particularly promising strategy for the design is to implement multiple mechanisms across multiple length scales into nano-, micro-, meso-, and macro-structures of hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanhe Zhao
- Soft Active Materials Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA.
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23
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