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Bagautdinova D, Bylund CL, Forthun LF, Miller CA, Hamel LM, Fisher CL. Helping adolescents and young adults (AYA) with cancer manage identity distress: Enhancing clinician-AYA patient communication to promote identity development. PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING 2024; 128:108372. [PMID: 39029282 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2024.108372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A cancer diagnosis during adolescence and young adulthood (AYA) disrupts AYAs' identity formation, a critical task for healthy development, and contributes to psychological distress called identity distress. Clinical communication is central to promoting AYAs' healthy identity development. We sought to identify aspects of clinician-diagnosed AYA communication that can promote AYAs' identity development and potentially buffer them from distress. METHODS In-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted with two groups (AYA oncology clinicians and diagnosed AYAs). Transcripts were thematically analyzed to capture communication that clinicians and AYAs perceive promotes AYAs' identity development and buffers related distress. RESULTS Fourteen diagnosed AYAs and 7 clinicians identified three clinician- or AYA-led communication approaches and associated strategies that they perceive can buffer identity distress and promote identity development: 1) clinicians' using person-centered communication (e.g., empathic communication); 2) promoting AYAs' control/self-management of care (e.g., not dictating AYAs' behavior); and 3) prioritizing/seeing the person behind the patient (e.g., knowing the AYA as a person). CONCLUSION/PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Both AYA oncology clinicians and diagnosed AYAs can communicate in ways that protect AYAs' identity development and related psychological well-being. Findings can be implemented into targeted communication skills interventions to teach health-promoting behavior and augment AYAs' psychosocial oncology care.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carma L Bylund
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA.
| | - Larry F Forthun
- Department of Family, Youth and Community Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA.
| | - Carrie A Miller
- Department of Public Relations, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA.
| | - Lauren M Hamel
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University/ Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, USA.
| | - Carla L Fisher
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA.
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Ochoa CY, Cho J, Miller KA, Baezconde-Garbanati L, Chan RY, Farias AJ, Milam JE. Hispanic/Latinos and non-Hispanic whites' childhood cancer survivors and parents: a dyadic analysis of coping resources and mental health. J Cancer Surviv 2024; 18:996-1005. [PMID: 36853581 PMCID: PMC10460832 DOI: 10.1007/s11764-023-01339-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE While limited, dyadic research demonstrates the interdependent relationship between the health and adjustment after treatment between cancer survivors and caregivers. We examined interrelationships between coping resources and mental health among childhood cancer survivors (CCS)-parent dyads. METHODS One hundred sixty CCS-parent dyads from the Project Forward pilot study completed validated questions assessing social support, religiosity, spirituality, depressive symptoms, and perceived stress. Bidirectional associations were identified with path analysis utilizing the actor-partner interdependence model (APIM). We used a multigroup approach to test for the moderating effects by Hispanic ethnicity on these relationships. RESULTS Mean age of CCS was 20 years old, 51% female, 30% diagnosed with leukemia, and mean of 7 years from diagnosis. The mean age of parents was 49 years old and 89% were mothers. For both CCS and parents, perceived social support was inversely associated with their depressive symptoms and perceived stress (e.g., actor effects). Parents' social support was not significantly associated with CCS's depressive symptoms and stress. However, higher perceived social support by the CCS was inversely associated with parents' depressive symptoms (β = - 0.202, p < 0.01) and perceived stress (β = - 0.164, p < 0.05) (e.g., partner effects). Additional actor effects were observed between spirituality, religiosity, and depressive systems when we explored the moderating effects of Hispanic ethnicity. CONCLUSION Partner effects of social support among CCS-parent dyads may influence psychological distress. IMPLICATION FOR CANCER SURVIVORS Our findings on parent-child associations between social support and psychosocial well-being imply that survivorship care can be enhanced when the social support needs of both survivors and their parents are addressed together.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol Y Ochoa
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, N. Soto Street, 3rdFloor, Room 312-30, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA.
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - Junhan Cho
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, N. Soto Street, 3rdFloor, Room 312-30, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA
| | - Kimberly A Miller
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, N. Soto Street, 3rdFloor, Room 312-30, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA
| | - Lourdes Baezconde-Garbanati
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, N. Soto Street, 3rdFloor, Room 312-30, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA
| | - Randall Y Chan
- Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Albert J Farias
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, N. Soto Street, 3rdFloor, Room 312-30, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA
| | - Joel E Milam
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
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Villinger K, Berli C, Scholz U. App-based interventions to improve cancer outcomes rely on informational support from professionals: a systematic review. Health Psychol Rev 2024:1-23. [PMID: 38755755 DOI: 10.1080/17437199.2024.2349617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
The importance of social support for cancer patients is well-established, and mobile applications hold promise for implementation. This systematic review examines app-based interventions with social support components for cancer patients, investigating the use of different support functions from different sources and the impact on cancer-related symptoms and psychological outcomes. A systematic search across five databases (EMBASE, Scopus, PsycINFO, PubMed, Web of Science) yielded 449 records, of which 17 studies (12 controlled designs) were included. Two independent reviewers extracted data and assessed study quality, revealing a high risk of bias across studies. Social support was implemented through different app functions, including contact/chat functions (n = 9), automatic alerts based on app input (n = 6) and discussion forums (n = 5). Social support predominantly focused on informational support (n = 17), mostly from healthcare professionals. Emotional support was less common (n = 7). Results indicated some promising intervention effects for pain, fatigue, nausea/vomiting, insomnia, constipation and overall symptom distress, but heterogeneous effects for health-related quality of life. Overall, results were mixed, but indicate that mobile apps incorporating social support may hold promise for cancer patients. However, future studies should focus on measuring and reporting social support as an intervention mechanism to systematically investigate its specific impact and improve effectiveness.HighlightsApps for cancer patients predominantly include informational social supportEmotional social support is substantially less frequently includedApps focus on formal support sources like healthcare professionalsFirst results are somewhat promising for improving cancer-related symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Corina Berli
- Institute of Psychology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Urte Scholz
- Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Truong LQ, Luong TB, Khanh HTT. Examining the association between coping strategies and perceived social support among Vietnamese infertile women undergoing IVF treatment. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2024:1-14. [PMID: 38697127 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2024.2345273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to examine the association between coping strategies and perceived social support among women diagnosed with infertility and undergoing IVF treatment. A total of 383 Vietnamese women were invited to participate in this study. Participants completed a questionnaire consisting of The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, the Copenhagen Multi-centre Psychosocial Infertility coping scales and the Fertility Problem Inventory, and other relevant questions. The results reveal that coping strategies significantly predict some specific types of perceived social supports among women undergoing IVF treatment. Specifically, passive-avoidance coping (PAC) and active-avoidance coping (AAC) predicts a decrease in receiving support from family and friends, whereas active-confronting coping (ACC) predicts an increase in receiving support from these two sources of support. Women who demonstrate increased meaning-based coping (MBC) received all three sources of support including family, friends, and significant others support. Despite some limitations, this study is useful in understanding how coping strategies among women undergoing IVF treatment affects the social support received in the Vietnamese social context. It also emphasizes the importance of psychological support for women facing IVF treatment distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lam Quang Truong
- Faculty of Psychology, Vietnam National University, University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thuy Bich Luong
- Faculty of Sociology, Vietnam National University, University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Ha Truong Thi Khanh
- Faculty of Psychology, Vietnam National University, University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Hanoi, Vietnam
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Sepahvand F, Valizadeh F, Karami K, Abdolkarimi B, Ghasemi F. Falling and rising in the vortex of cancer: children's adaptation with cancer: a qualitative study. BMC Psychol 2024; 12:221. [PMID: 38650048 PMCID: PMC11036699 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-024-01722-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer is a considerable health problem worldwide and the second leading cause of death in children. It has many physical, psychological, and social consequences for children and their families. The ability to adapt to cancer plays a vital role in the recovery and quality of life of affected children. This study aimed to explain the adaptation of children with cancer to their disease. METHODS This qualitative study adopted the directed content analysis approach based on the Roy nursing model. The participants were nine children with cancer aged 6-18 years old, five family members, four nurses, one doctor, one teacher, and two charity association members, recruited by purposive sampling method. The information was collected via individual semi-structured interviews, a focus group discussion, and field notes. The data were analyzed simultaneously with data collection using the Elo and Kyngäs method. The study rigor was ensured based on the Guba and Lincoln criteria. FINDINGS Of the four categories of physical challenges, fragile self-concept, the difficulty of role transition, and disruption of the path to independence, the theme of Falling and rising in the cancer vortex was abstracted. CONCLUSION Based on the Roy model, the children in the present study were at the compensatory level of adaptation. This research demonstrates that the adaptation of children being treated for cancer is fragile and not constant. With each hospitalization and exacerbation of the disease, they made efforts to adapt to their disease using regulatory and cognitive subsystems. Paying attention to different stimulants and the effects of support systems on physical challenges, fragile self-concept, difficult role transition, and disruption of the path to independence for each child, as well as providing individualized care for these children, can help their adaptation to and healthy transition from the vortex of cancer. The Roy adaptation model was helpful and efficient for elucidating the adaptation of children with cancer. Providing care for children by healthcare specialists, especially nurses, should be theory-based and individualized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Sepahvand
- Student Research Committee, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Valizadeh
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.
- Department of Pediatrics Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.
| | - Kimia Karami
- Department of Pediatrics Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Babak Abdolkarimi
- Pediatrics Oncologist-Hematologist, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ghasemi
- Department of Pediatrics Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
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Merz S, Friedrich M, Brock H, Leuteritz K, Geue K, Richter D, Mehnert-Theuerkauf A, Sender A. Changes and predictors of social support in adolescent and young adult cancer survivors-Results of a 7-year longitudinal study. Psychooncology 2024; 33:e6282. [PMID: 38282213 DOI: 10.1002/pon.6282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE As social support has been shown to have beneficial effects on coping with cancer, our study aims to close the research gap on perceived social support in adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer survivors. METHODS AYAs evaluated their perceived positive social support (PS) and detrimental interactions (DI) by completing the Illness-Specific Social Support Scale (ISSS-8) upon completion of acute treatment (t1) as well as 1 year (t2) and 7 years (t6) later. Temporal changes of social support were examined. Sociodemographic, psychological and medical factors were investigated as predictors for PS and DI by using mixed effects models. RESULTS We analyzed data from 319 cancer survivors (74.9% women). At baseline, survivors reported an average score of 13.73 (SD = 2.52) for PS and 3.92 (SD = 2.85) for DI. Average perceived PS changed over time, while DI remained stable. Males, AYAs without a partner and AYAs with clinically meaningful anxiety or depression levels reported fewer PS. Higher effort to cope with the disease and clinically significant anxiety and depression levels were associated with more perceived DI. CONCLUSIONS Existing social networks and perceived social support should be evaluated regularly in AYA-cancer survivorship. The identification and discussion of mental health of AYAs should also be a standard component in survivor consultations both during treatment and follow-up care, as elevated depression and anxiety levels were associated with fewer PS and more perceived DI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Merz
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Comprehensive Cancer Center Central Germany (CCCG), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael Friedrich
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Comprehensive Cancer Center Central Germany (CCCG), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hannah Brock
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Comprehensive Cancer Center Central Germany (CCCG), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Katja Leuteritz
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Comprehensive Cancer Center Central Germany (CCCG), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kristina Geue
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Comprehensive Cancer Center Central Germany (CCCG), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Diana Richter
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Comprehensive Cancer Center Central Germany (CCCG), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anja Mehnert-Theuerkauf
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Comprehensive Cancer Center Central Germany (CCCG), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Annekathrin Sender
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Comprehensive Cancer Center Central Germany (CCCG), Leipzig, Germany
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Ochoa-Dominguez CY, Chan RY, Cervantes L, Banegas MP, Miller KA. Social support experiences of hispanic/latino parents of childhood cancer survivors in a safety-net hospital: a qualitative study. J Psychosoc Oncol 2023; 42:398-411. [PMID: 37787073 PMCID: PMC10987392 DOI: 10.1080/07347332.2023.2259365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe the social support experiences of Hispanic/Latino parents while caregiving for childhood cancer survivors. RESEARCH APPROACH Semi-structured one-on-one interviews were conducted among 15 caregivers from a safety-net hospital in Los Angeles. A thematic analysis approach was used to analyze data. FINDINGS The positive influence of social support throughout their caregiving experience included (1) sharing information-enhanced knowledge, (2) receiving comfort and encouragement, (3) receiving tangible assistance reducing the caregiving burden, and (4) enhancing caregiving empowerment/self-efficacy. Sub-themes regarding the lack of social support included (1) being a single parent and (2) family and friends withdrawing after the child's cancer diagnosis. CONCLUSION We found Hispanic/Latino parents strongly value social support as it enables them to have essential resources that support caregiving for their child and themselves. Efforts should ensure that caregivers are routinely screened to identify their supportive needs so that support services for caregivers can be optimized and tailored, as those with a lack of social support may experience excessive caregiver burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol Y. Ochoa-Dominguez
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Randall Y. Chan
- Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lissette Cervantes
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hospital Medicine, LAC+USC Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Matthew P. Banegas
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Kimberly A. Miller
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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8
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Hanghøj S, Bentsen L, Hjerming M, Simonsen AB, Thycosen M, Bergmann MB, Godiksen DØ, Pappot H. Experiences of Peer Communities in a Cancer Smartphone App Among Adolescents and Young Adults With Cancer. Semin Oncol Nurs 2023; 39:151408. [PMID: 37045644 DOI: 10.1016/j.soncn.2023.151408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with cancer have identified connection to online communities of same-age peers to be essential for psycho-social support. In this study, the aim was to explore AYAs with cancers' and AYA cancer survivors' use of the Kræftværket cancer app's social forum and experiences of peer communities in the forum. Differences due to gender and treatment status were investigated. DATA SOURCES In all, 85 AYAs aged 15-29 were recruited: 46 on and 39 off cancer treatment. The use of the social forum was assessed by a questionnaire, which were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and telephone interviews were analyzed thematically by the Framework Method. CONCLUSION Some AYAs assessed the social forum to be more valuable at time of diagnosis, while others experienced meaningful peer-support after cancer. Women were more active and diligent users than men. The following themes were found: 1) Common understanding of each other's challenges; 2) Other AYAs' stories increase the feeling of comfort but can also be difficult to accommodate; 3) A temporary and unwanted community; and 4) The interaction is personal but quickly stalls. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE The results are relevant to the development of AYA cancer apps, with a view to strengthening peer-to-peer relationships. Although the use of the Kræftværket app was temporary, it presented a meaningful community for AYAs with cancer. The community feeling reduced loneliness and increased the sense of togetherness. The app met AYAs' needs and wishes for peer-to-peer age-appropriate cancer support, which can be implemented and provided by nurses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Signe Hanghøj
- Department of Oncology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Line Bentsen
- Department of Oncology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maiken Hjerming
- Department of Hematology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Marianne Thycosen
- Department of Oncology, OUH, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | | | | | - Helle Pappot
- Department of Oncology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Liu H, Tan Q, Mai H. Stress-Buffering Effects of Social Support on Tourism Employees during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Moderated Mediation Model. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2342. [PMID: 36767707 PMCID: PMC9915072 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Since the beginning of 2020, China's tourism industry has been severely impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, and domestic tourism revenues have plummeted. Tourism employees have faced reduced working hours, job instability, shut down, and unemployment. In the context of the normalization of epidemic prevention, the tourism industry is recovering slowly and uncertainly, and many tourism employees face increasing employment stress. To investigate the relationship between social support and employment stress among tourism employees, 308 tourism employees were surveyed, and the mediating role of positive coping styles and the moderating role of psychological resilience were examined using structural equation modeling. The results revealed three key findings: social support significantly and negatively influenced the employment stress of tourism employees; positive coping styles significantly mediated the relationship between social support and employment stress among tourism employees; and psychological resilience moderated the relationship between social support and employment stress among tourism employees, as well as moderating the relationship between social support and positive coping style. The current findings help to deepen the understanding of the relationship between social support and employment stress, and they have important implications for alleviating the employment stress of tourism employees in the context of the pandemic.
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10
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Christensen ME, Haahr A, Olsen PR, Rose HK, Norlyk A. Walking a tightrope – as a next-of-kin to an adolescent or young adult with cancer facing eating difficulties. Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being 2022; 17:2121029. [PMID: 36073734 PMCID: PMC9467545 DOI: 10.1080/17482631.2022.2121029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Eating difficulties cause reduced food intake and poor quality of life among adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with cancer. Therefore, next-of-kin eating support is crucial. The purpose of this study was to explore the lived experiences of being close to AYAs with cancer in the context of eating when they are at home between high-emetogenic chemotherapy (HEC) sessions. Method In-depth interviews were conducted with 12 next-of-kin to AYAs (15–29 years old) with oncological or haematological diseases, treated with HEC. Van Manen’s hermeneutic-phenomenological approach guided the design. Results The essential meaning of the next-of-kin experiences is reflected in the overarching theme “Utilizing meals as an action-opportunity” consisting of two subthemes: ’Being on constant alert’ and “Walking a tightrope to maintain usual everyday life.” Conclusions Findings revealed that utilizing meals as an action-opportunity towards AYAs’ food intake involved existential feelings including fear of losing their loved ones. Next-of-kin experienced that providing support through and with food was their only avenue of action. However, this sparked feelings of frustration and powerlessness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Ernst Christensen
- Research Unit for Nursing and Health Care, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Research Centre for Health and Welfare Technology, Program for Rehabilitation, via University College, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anita Haahr
- Research Unit for Nursing and Health Care, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Research Centre for Health and Welfare Technology, Program for Rehabilitation, via University College, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Pia Riis Olsen
- Department of Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Hanne Krogh Rose
- Department of Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Annelise Norlyk
- Research Unit for Nursing and Health Care, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Health and Nursing Science, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Agder, Grimstad, Norway
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11
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Kehoe L, Sanapala C, DiGiovanni G, Yousefi-Nooraie R, Yilmaz S, Bauer J, Loh KP, Norton S, Duberstein P, Kamen C, Gilmore N, Gudina A, Kleckner A, Mohile S, Epstein RM. Older adults with advanced cancer are selective in sharing and seeking information with social networks. PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING 2022; 105:3116-3122. [PMID: 35717349 PMCID: PMC9724683 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2022.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about how older adults (OA) with advanced cancer interact with social network members (NM), and the nature of communication. This qualitative study aimed to characterize the processes by which OAs with cancer engage with NMs regarding their illness. METHODS OAs 65 + with advanced cancer and considering treatment (n = 29) and NMs (n = 18) underwent semi-structured interviews asking 1) about their illness understanding; 2) to identify NMs with whom OAs discuss health-related matters; and 3) to describe the content, process, and impact of those illness-related conversations. Three coders analyzed transcribed interviews. Codes were categorized and emergent themes were identified to generate hypotheses. RESULTS OAs seek NMs with medical backgrounds for cancer-related information and NMs with personal experience of a serious illness for emotional support. Patients characterize geographical location, frequency of communication, and length of NM relationship as factors that influence the nature of support the NM provides. Additionally, differences emerged between OA and NM perspectives on the depth of conversations and decision-making. CONCLUSIONS A better characterization of how OAs' seek and share information and support may improve medical communication, disease understanding, and support goals-concordant care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Kehoe
- James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA; Division of Supportive Care in Cancer, Department of Surgery, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | - Chandrika Sanapala
- James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | - Grace DiGiovanni
- James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | - Reza Yousefi-Nooraie
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | - Sule Yilmaz
- James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | - Jessica Bauer
- James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | - Kah Poh Loh
- James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | - Sally Norton
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA; School of Nursing, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | - Paul Duberstein
- Department of Health Behavior, Society and Policy, Rutgers University School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
| | - Charles Kamen
- James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA; Division of Supportive Care in Cancer, Department of Surgery, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | - Nikesha Gilmore
- James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA; Division of Supportive Care in Cancer, Department of Surgery, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | - Abdi Gudina
- James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | - Amber Kleckner
- School of Nursing, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Supriya Mohile
- James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | - Ronald M Epstein
- James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA; Department of Family Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA.
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Kalomo EN, Shamrova D, Jun JS, Kaddu MN, Kalb A. Risk and protective factors for depressive symptoms among the youth living with HIV in Namibia. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF AIDS RESEARCH : AJAR 2022; 21:65-76. [PMID: 35361060 DOI: 10.2989/16085906.2022.2041054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND : Namibia has one of the highest HIV prevalence rates among young people living with HIV and AIDS. The study of mental well-being among this vulnerable population is emerging as an important area of public health research. METHODS : This study examined how gender, social support, food insecurity, HIV-related stigma, HIV treatment adherence and HIV transmission knowledge are related to depressive symptoms among young people living with HIV in rural northern Namibia. Data were collected from 188 participants from the Zambezi region. RESULTS : The hierarchical regression analysis revealed that being a female infected with HIV, having perceived food insecurity, experiencing more HIV-related stigma and having low levels of social support can exacerbate the severity of depressive symptoms in this sample of Namibian youth. DISCUSSION : Our findings point to the need to expand social support interventions, enhance socio-economic programmes and reduce HIV-related stigma among young people living with HIV, especially those residing in rural, HIV endemic, resource-limited communities in developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dasha Shamrova
- School of Social Work, Wichita State University, Wichita, USA
| | - Jung Sim Jun
- Department of Sociology, Anthropology, and Social Work, Kansas State University, Manhattan, USA
| | | | - Amy Kalb
- School of Social Work, Wichita State University, Wichita, USA
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13
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Azarbarzin M, Ghamary L, Nabi Foodani M, Sadeghi N. Relationship between perception of family and friends' support and psychosocial adaptation in adolescents suffering from cancer. JOURNAL OF NURSING AND MIDWIFERY SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/jnms.jnms_61_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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14
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EL-Awad U, Reinelt T, Braig J, Nilles H, Kerkhoff D, Schmees P, Rueth JE, Fathi A, Vasileva M, Petermann F, Eschenbeck H, Lohaus A. Polytraumatization in young male refugees from the Middle East and its association with internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2021; 15:75. [PMID: 34920749 PMCID: PMC8684214 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-021-00428-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Young Middle Eastern male refugees are currently among the most vulnerable groups in Europe. Most of them have experienced potentially traumatic events (PTEs) such as rape, torture, or violent assaults. Compared to their peers, young refugees suffer more from internalizing and externalizing symptoms, especially when unaccompanied. Little is known about the cumulative impact of experiencing different types of PTEs on mental health outcomes (polytraumatization) of young male refugees from the Middle East. We investigated (1) whether there is a dose-response relationship between multiple PTE types experienced and mental health outcomes, (2) whether individual types of PTEs are particularly important, and (3) to what extent these are differentially associated with mental health outcomes among unaccompanied or accompanied peers. METHODS In total, 151 young Middle Eastern male refugees in Germany (Mage = 16.81 years, SDage = 2.01) answered questionnaires on PTEs, mental health, and post-migration stress. RESULTS Hierarchical regression analyses revealed, while controlling for age, duration of stay, unaccompanied status, and post-migration stress, (1) a dose-effect between PTE types on both internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Moreover, (2) regarding internalizing symptoms, violent family separation and experiencing life-threatening medical problems were particularly crucial. The latter was driven by unaccompanied refugees, who also reported higher levels of substance use. CONCLUSIONS The results extend findings from the literature and suggest that not only may greater polytraumatization be related to greater depression among refugees, but also to a range of other mental health outcomes from the internalizing and externalizing symptom domains. Furthermore, the results highlight the mental health risks that unaccompanied and accompanied refugee adolescents face after exposure to PTEs, and provide information for practitioners as well as researchers about event types that may be particularly relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usama EL-Awad
- grid.7491.b0000 0001 0944 9128Faculty of Psychology and Sports Sciences, University of Bielefeld, P.O. Box 10 01 31, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany ,grid.7704.40000 0001 2297 4381Center for Clinical Psychology and Rehabilitation, University of Bremen, Grazer Str. 6, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Tilman Reinelt
- grid.7400.30000 0004 1937 0650University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Johanna Braig
- grid.460114.6Department of Educational Psychology and Health Psychology, University of Education Schwäbisch Gmünd, Oberbettringer Str. 200, 73525 Schwäbisch Gmünd, Germany
| | - Hannah Nilles
- grid.7491.b0000 0001 0944 9128Faculty of Psychology and Sports Sciences, University of Bielefeld, P.O. Box 10 01 31, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Denise Kerkhoff
- grid.7491.b0000 0001 0944 9128Faculty of Psychology and Sports Sciences, University of Bielefeld, P.O. Box 10 01 31, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Pia Schmees
- grid.460114.6Department of Educational Psychology and Health Psychology, University of Education Schwäbisch Gmünd, Oberbettringer Str. 200, 73525 Schwäbisch Gmünd, Germany
| | - Jana-Elisa Rueth
- grid.7491.b0000 0001 0944 9128Faculty of Psychology and Sports Sciences, University of Bielefeld, P.O. Box 10 01 31, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Atefeh Fathi
- Center for Psychosomatic Psychotherapeutic Rehabilitation, Luisenklinik, Paulinenstraße 21, 70178 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Mira Vasileva
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XChild and Community Wellbeing Unit, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, 207 Bouverie St, Carlton, VIC 3053 Australia
| | - Franz Petermann
- grid.7704.40000 0001 2297 4381Center for Clinical Psychology and Rehabilitation, University of Bremen, Grazer Str. 6, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Heike Eschenbeck
- grid.460114.6Department of Educational Psychology and Health Psychology, University of Education Schwäbisch Gmünd, Oberbettringer Str. 200, 73525 Schwäbisch Gmünd, Germany
| | - Arnold Lohaus
- grid.7491.b0000 0001 0944 9128Faculty of Psychology and Sports Sciences, University of Bielefeld, P.O. Box 10 01 31, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany
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Beghean R, Coffey L. "You either sink or you swim, and you're better off swimming": A qualitative study exploring the self-management experiences of soft tissue sarcoma survivors. Eur J Oncol Nurs 2021; 55:102062. [PMID: 34775165 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejon.2021.102062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To qualitatively explore the consequences of soft tissue sarcoma and its treatment experienced by survivors, the self-management strategies they use to deal with these consequences, and any factors that may act as barriers or facilitators to their self-management. METHODS Semi-structured interviews were conducted with seven soft tissue sarcoma survivors who had completed their primary treatment. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed and thematically analysed. RESULTS Physical, psychological and social consequences of soft tissue sarcoma and its treatment were identified, with side-effects, physical restrictions, body image issues, fear of recurrence, feeling depressed, familial relationships and sexual activity being the most frequently reported. Nine different types of self-management strategy encompassing eighteen specific strategies were identified, including cognitive strategies, lifestyle changes and utilisation of resources. Personal, social and environmental facilitators of self-management were identified; being in a relationship, being at an appropriate life stage, and having support from family, friends and medical staff were most commonly reported. Finally, personal and environmental barriers to self-management included the adaptation period, ongoing complications, rareness of sarcoma and poor patient-healthcare provider communication. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study suggest that soft tissue sarcoma survivors, especially those who are younger and experience physical limitations, may find the immediate post-treatment period particularly challenging and may benefit from nurse-led self-management support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahela Beghean
- Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Laura Coffey
- Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland.
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Love, joy and necessity - A phenomenological study of food and meals in adolescents and young adults with cancer receiving high-emetogenic chemotherapy. Eur J Oncol Nurs 2021; 54:102020. [PMID: 34496305 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejon.2021.102020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study explored how the phenomenon of meals appeared in the interrelationship between adolescents and young adults (AYAs) receiving high-emetogenic chemotherapy, their next of kin and health professionals in the clinical setting. METHOD Data were collected by 140 h of participant observation conducted to gain insights into the nature of how meals appeared in the interrelationship between 12 AYAs (age 15-29 years), their next-of-kin and health professionals. The AYAs were patients with oncological and haematological diseases recruited from three university hospital departments. Data analysis was guided by van Manen's hermeneutic-phenomenological approach. RESULTS The essential meaning of the phenomenon may be characterized by the overarching theme; 'Seeking the joy of meals in the shadow of treatment' and the following three themes: 'Meals as a necessary evil' (AYAs); 'Meals as a matter of love' (next-of-kin); and 'Meals in the shadow of medical treatment' (health professionals). CONCLUSIONS Meals is a multi-facetted and complex phenomenon that has different meanings to AYAs, next-of-kin and health professionals. To the AYAs, meals emerged as a necessary evil in connection with which urges to eat occurred as glimpses of desire. Prominent feelings of powerlessness and food as love were highlighted by the next-of-kin, whereas food and meals appeared secondary to treatment for health professionals, reflecting the traditional biomedical paradigm. The findings revealed that adopting a holistic approach to AYAs concerning meals can have the potential to increase their food intake.
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Niu Z, Bhurosy T, Heckman C. Cancer Survivors' Emotional Well-being: Roles of Internet Information Seeking, Patient-centered Communication, and Social Support. JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2021; 26:514-522. [PMID: 34435927 DOI: 10.1080/10810730.2021.1966685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cancer survivors' emotional well-being is an integral part of their overall health and may influence their recovery and survival. The current study used the 2018 Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS) 5 Cycle 2 (N = 593) to evaluate the determinants of cancer survivors' emotional well-being. Internet cancer information seeking, social support, patient-centered communication, cancer beliefs, and self-efficacy to take care of one's health were examined as factors to be associated with cancer survivors' emotional well-being using structural equation modeling. Social support, cancer beliefs, and self-efficacy to take care of one's health were found to be significantly associated with emotional well-being among cancer survivors. Cancer beliefs mediated the associations of cancer information seeking using the Internet, social support, and patient-centered communication with cancer survivors' emotional well-being while health self-efficacy mediated the associations of social support and patient-centered communication with cancer survivors' emotional well-being. It is important for health practitioners to focus on improving social support, self-efficacy for managing health, and cancer-related beliefs in order to enhance the emotional well-being of cancer survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaomeng Niu
- Population Science, Rutgers Cancer Institute Of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Trishnee Bhurosy
- Population Science, Rutgers Cancer Institute Of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Carolyn Heckman
- Population Science, Rutgers Cancer Institute Of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
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Brown MC, Haste A, Araújo-Soares V, Skinner R, Sharp L. Identifying and exploring the self-management strategies used by childhood cancer survivors. J Cancer Surviv 2021; 15:344-357. [PMID: 33156449 PMCID: PMC7966631 DOI: 10.1007/s11764-020-00935-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Childhood cancer survivors (CCSs) are at increased risk of chronic health problems. Effective self-management could help CCSs cope with the challenges that accompany survivorship and reduce their risk of developing further health problems. There is little evidence about the extent to which CCSs engage with self-management and the specific strategies they use. This study aimed to identify and explore the strategies that CCSs use to manage the consequences of cancer. METHODS Twenty-four CCSs were recruited via follow-up clinics. Participants completed a semi-structured interview which was audio-recorded and transcribed. Directed content analysis was used to identify self-reported self-management strategies and categorise them into main self-management types. RESULTS CCSs reported 118 specific self-management strategies which fell under 20 main self-management strategy types. All CCSs reported using several main self-management strategy types and specific self-management strategies. Main strategy types used by all CCSs were "adopting a healthy lifestyle", "self-motivating", "using support", "reasoned decision-making" and "creating a healthy environment". The most common specific self-management strategies were "receiving family support" (n = 20) and "attending follow-up and screening appointments" (n = 20). CONCLUSIONS This is the first study which has enabled CCSs to self-report the numerous strategies they employ to look after their health and well-being, contributing to a more comprehensive picture of self-management in CCSs. IMPLICATIONS FOR CANCER SURVIVORS These findings may increase healthcare professionals' awareness of the many ways in which CCSs manage their health and is a valuable first step in the development of a supported self-management intervention for CCSs in follow-up care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morven C Brown
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Sir James Spence Institute, Royal Victoria Infirmary, NE1 4LP,, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
| | - Anna Haste
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Sir James Spence Institute, Royal Victoria Infirmary, NE1 4LP,, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- School of Social Sciences, Humanities and Law, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - Vera Araújo-Soares
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Sir James Spence Institute, Royal Victoria Infirmary, NE1 4LP,, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Roderick Skinner
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Linda Sharp
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Sir James Spence Institute, Royal Victoria Infirmary, NE1 4LP,, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Ingersgaard MV, Fridh MK, Thorsteinsson T, Adamsen L, Schmiegelow K, Baekgaard Larsen H. A qualitative study of adolescent cancer survivors perspectives on social support from healthy peers - A RESPECT study. J Adv Nurs 2021; 77:1911-1920. [PMID: 33470450 DOI: 10.1111/jan.14732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescents' psychosocial development is generally influenced by their peers. Those facing hospital-based cancer treatment are particularly challenged as they are isolated from their social network and lack sufficient coping resources. AIM This study explores the adolescent cancer survivor's perceptions and experiences with healthy classmate socialization support efforts via hospital co-admittance, from diagnosis to reinstatement in school, as an intervention of the RESPECT (REhabilitation including Social and Physical Activity and Education in Children and Teenagers with cancer) Study. DESIGN A phenomenological, descriptive study. METHODS Using variation sampling, 14 adolescents (aged 14-19), who completed the RESPECT intervention (April 2016-July 2017), participated in qualitative, in-depth, semi-structured interviews that were thematically analysed. FINDINGS Four themes emerged: (a) Ambassadors as liaison persons; (b) Ambassadors as promoters of normalization and identity continuity; (c) Ambassadors as 'behind the scenes' friends; and (d) feelings of vulnerability and inferiority. Ambassadors reinstated a sense of normalcy in the adolescents' daily life. They supported identity construction and served as liaison persons who buffered loneliness and social isolation as well as bridging a continued sense of belonging to one's school peer network. In contrast with other peers, ambassadors understood cancer-related issues, knowledge which they partially gained witnessing the impact of treatment-related side effects on their hospitalized classmates. However, the consequence of this trade-off was an asymmetry in their relationship, with the adolescents requiring a certain level of safeguard from their ambassadors to maintain equal power in the relationship. CONCLUSION The ambassadors enhanced the adolescents' ability to cope with their altered social position during treatment and to psychosocially reinstate it on their return to school. IMPACT Future interventions should offer opportunities for healthy peers to be educated in what it means to live with cancer. Future programs to sustain socialization in adolescents with cancer should involve healthy peers for the entirety of the treatment period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Vie Ingersgaard
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital (Rigshospitalet), Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin Kaj Fridh
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital (Rigshospitalet), Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Troels Thorsteinsson
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital (Rigshospitalet), Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lis Adamsen
- Department of Public Health and Faculty of Health Sciences, The University Hospitals Centre for Nursing and Care Research (UCSF), Copenhagen University Hospital (Rigshospitalet), Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kjeld Schmiegelow
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital (Rigshospitalet), Copenhagen, Denmark.,Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hanne Baekgaard Larsen
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital (Rigshospitalet), Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Public Health and Faculty of Health Sciences, The University Hospitals Centre for Nursing and Care Research (UCSF), Copenhagen University Hospital (Rigshospitalet), Copenhagen, Denmark
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Fladeboe KM, Walker AJ, Rosenberg AR, Katz LF. Relationships Between Adolescents with Cancer and Healthy Peers: A Qualitative Study. J Adolesc Young Adult Oncol 2020; 10:555-561. [PMID: 33164615 DOI: 10.1089/jayao.2020.0133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Despite the developmental relevance and role in social support, research on relationships between adolescents with cancer and healthy peers is limited. To address this gap, we aimed to describe adolescents' perceptions of their friendships during the 1st year following a cancer diagnosis, including relationship changes, factors that promote/inhibit relationships, and definitions and experiences of peer support. Methods: Eligible adolescents were 12-20 years old, <1 year of a new cancer diagnosis, and English speaking. Participants completed 1:1 semistructured interviews that were analyzed using inductive content analysis. Results: Fourteen adolescents enrolled and completed interviews (mean [M]age = 14.8, standard deviation [SD] = 1.8; M = 6.3 months postdiagnosis, SD = 3.2 months). Domains included (1) shifting relationships, (2) staying connected, (3) making it hard to stay close, and (4) showing me they care. Relationship changes were positive and negative, and many described a process of recognizing true friends. Staying connected with peers through communication, technology, and feeling up to date promoted closeness, while distance, treatment-related restrictions, and friends' discomfort were hindrances. Adolescents defined supportive friends as those who were there for them, checked in often, and gave them gifts. Conclusion: Despite relationship changes, adolescents with cancer desire connection with peers during treatment and perceive that healthy peers provide valuable support. Supporting connectedness to healthy peers during treatment may be a promising future direction to mitigate social disruption and promote well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn M Fladeboe
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Amy J Walker
- Department of Child, Family, and Population Health Nursing, University of Washington School of Nursing, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Abby R Rosenberg
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Stenmarker M, Enskär K, Björk M, Pinkava M, Rolander B, Golsäter M. Childhood Cancer Survivors: Self-Reported Quality of Life during and after the Cancer Trajectory. Asia Pac J Oncol Nurs 2020; 7:336-345. [PMID: 33062828 PMCID: PMC7529025 DOI: 10.4103/apjon.apjon_22_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This cross-sectional study aimed to present how the unique cancer experience in childhood influences young adults' quality of life (QOL). Methods Qualitative and quantitative methods were used to code and analyze a study-specific questionnaire (133 items). These data are presented in accordance with a conceptual QOL/health-related QOL model. Results The participants included 34 women and 28 men (n = 62) diagnosed with solid tumors/lymphoma in the period 1983-2003, who had been treated at the same childhood cancer center in Sweden. The current mean age was 28.7 years (range: 18-45, standard deviation [SD]: 6.3, median value: 28.5), the mean age at diagnosis was 12.9 years (range: 8-17, SD: 2.3, median value: 13), and the mean time elapsed since treatment was 15.7 years (range: 4-28, SD: 2.4, median value: 15). The response rate was 65%. Higher levels of psychological maturity were reported by women versus men (P = 0.01) and by survivors diagnosed with cancer during adolescence versus school age (P = 0.04). Male participants reported lower levels of physical limitations (P = 0.03) and emotional distress when being of treatment and in contact with health care services (P = 0.04). The strongest factor influencing QOL during therapy was parental support (97%), while the strongest factors after therapy were to live a life similar to peers (82%) and to be satisfied with one's life situation (81%). During treatment, limitations influencing QOL were related to lack of school support (2%), and after treatment, to deteriorated relationships with siblings (5%). Conclusions Life-threatening diseases at young ages have long-term psychosocial effects with ambiguous results at multiple levels. To capture these experiences, we recommend clinical studies that are based on conceptual clarifying frameworks and adopt a quantitative and qualitative research approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaretha Stenmarker
- Department of Pediatrics, Institution for Clinical Sciences, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karin Enskär
- Department of Care Science, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Maria Björk
- Department of Nursing, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Mirka Pinkava
- Department of Pediatrics, Södra Älvsborg Hospital, Borås, Sweden
| | - Bo Rolander
- Department of Behavioral Science and Social Work, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Marie Golsäter
- Department of Nursing, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
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DeNysschen CA, Panek-Shirley LM, Zimmerman B. Exercise with Nutrition Education to Improve Quality of Life of Adolescent and Young Adult Cancer Survivors: A Pilot Study. J Adolesc Young Adult Oncol 2020; 10:454-461. [PMID: 32936030 DOI: 10.1089/jayao.2020.0116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Most evidence for the relationship between physical activity, nutrition education, and late effects from cancer treatment come from cross-sectional studies. The purpose of this pilot study was to determine if 8 weeks of exercise and nutrition education in adolescent and young adult (AYA) survivors positively affects fatigue, quality of life, health-related fitness, and dietary intake. Methods: The exercise program targeted improvement in multiple areas of health-related fitness. A Registered Dietitian conducted nutrition education sessions with goal setting. To encourage activity, social engagement, and support, participants connected to a study-specific group. Fatigue and QoL (FACIT, PedsQL Teen, and Young Adult), health-related fitness (cardiovascular endurance, flexibility, muscular strength and endurance, anthropometrics), nutrition knowledge, and dietary intake assessments were conducted at weeks 1 and 10. Participant perceptions of strengths and weaknesses within the program were assessed after program completion. Results: Twenty four (16.6 ± 2.8 years) AYA cancer survivors began and completed the program. Problems with fatigue (PedsQL Teen and Young Adult) significantly improved along with decreased perceived barriers to exercise. Participants significantly improved cardiovascular endurance, flexibility, and muscular strength and endurance. Trying to make healthy nutrition choices, understanding how to read nutrition labels, and identifying a saturated fat significantly improved without a significant change in dietary intake. Participants' favorite program components related to exercise and social support. Conclusion: In view of the short- and long-term impacts of cancer diagnosis, treatment, and survivorship, as well as the benefits of physical activity on these factors, exercise programs with social support should be considered adjuvant therapy among AYA cancer survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol A DeNysschen
- Buffalo State College State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA.,Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
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Shin H, Bartlett R, De Gagne JC. Integrative Literature Review on Psychological Distress and Coping Strategies Among Survivors of Adolescent Cancer. Oncol Nurs Forum 2020; 47:E131-E148. [PMID: 32830805 DOI: 10.1188/20.onf.e131-e148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION Cancer survivors, particularly those diagnosed in adolescence, are faced with physical, mental, and emotional stressors associated with the disease and its treatment. These stressors add to the demand placed on survivors' already taxed coping skills. This article reviews the literature on psychological distress experienced by survivors diagnosed with cancer during adolescence and the coping strategies they employed. LITERATURE SEARCH Three electronic databases (CINAHL®, PsycINFO®, PubMed®) were searched, and 19 studies were selected. Garrard's matrix method guided this integrative review. DATA EVALUATION Gough's weight of evidence framework was used to evaluate each study. SYNTHESIS Analysis revealed important findings about the types of coping strategies used by adolescents during and after cancer treatment and the impact of each on levels of psychological distress. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Healthcare providers, who regularly assess for negative thoughts and unmet needs among survivors, may identify symptoms of psychological distress, intervene early, and facilitate better outcomes for their patients. Patient-centered interventions aimed at coping with psychological distress are most helpful.
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van Deuren S, van Dulmen-den Broeder E, Boonstra A, Gielissen M, Blijlevens N, Loonen J, Knoop H. Fatigue-Related Cognitive-Behavioral Factors in Survivors of Childhood Cancer: Comparison with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and Survivors of Adult-Onset Cancer. J Adolesc Young Adult Oncol 2020; 10:92-99. [PMID: 32857640 DOI: 10.1089/jayao.2020.0094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Cancer-related fatigue is a burdensome late effect of cancer treatment. A pilot study showed the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) in fatigued survivors of childhood cancer (CCS). The aim of this study is to investigate whether the six cognitive-behavioral factors that are addressed during CBT differ in CCS compared with patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) and survivors of adult-onset cancer (ACS). Levels of self-esteem, optimism, and depressive symptoms, variables that are also related to fatigue, were also compared between groups. Methods: Retrospective analyses were performed on 34 CCS (ages 11-42 years), 102 patients with CFS, and 95 ACS who were referred for evaluation of severe fatigue. Fatigue severity, possible cognitive-behavioral fatigue maintaining factors, depressive symptoms, self-esteem, and optimism were assessed using questionnaires and actigraphy. Results: No significant differences were found in the factors coping with the experience of having had cancer, fear of cancer recurrence, physical activity, and in levels of self-esteem and optimism. CCS attributed their fatigue significantly more often to psychosocial causes and reported fewer problems in sleep/rest compared with patients with CFS. Compared with ACS, CCS reported significantly more social support, more problems in sleep/rest, and more depressive symptoms. Conclusions: There is substantial overlap in cognitive-behavioral factors that can maintain fatigue between CCS and CFS patients or ACS. Also differences were found regarding attribution of fatigue, the sleep/rest pattern, social support, and depressive symptoms that might have clinical implications when CBT for fatigue is provided to CCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia van Deuren
- Radboudumc Center of Expertise for Cancer Survivorship, Department of Hematology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Eline van Dulmen-den Broeder
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, VU University, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Amilie Boonstra
- Radboudumc Center of Expertise for Cancer Survivorship, Department of Hematology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Nicole Blijlevens
- Department of Hematology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline Loonen
- Radboudumc Center of Expertise for Cancer Survivorship, Department of Hematology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Knoop
- Department of Medical Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Expert Center for Chronic Fatigue, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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25
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McDonnell GA, Pope AW, Ford JS. Associations Among Perceived Parent and Peer Support, Self-Esteem, and Cancer-Related Worry in Adolescent and Young Adult Cancer Survivors. J Adolesc Young Adult Oncol 2020; 10:209-216. [PMID: 32833557 DOI: 10.1089/jayao.2020.0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Cancer-related worry is common among adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer survivors, and is associated with adverse psychosocial outcomes. Thus, it is crucial to identify possible modifiable covariates of cancer-related worry to aid in developing targeted interventions. This study aimed to explore the cross-sectional associations between cancer-related worry and potential covariates (i.e., perceived parental support, perceived peer support, self-esteem). Methods: One hundred fifty-two survivors between the ages of 15 and 25 who had been diagnosed with cancer between the ages of 14 and 21 completed the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, the Self-Perception Profile for Adolescents, and a measure of cancer-related worry. Relationships among variables were assessed through structural equation modeling. Results: The model showed good fit [χ2(13) = 13.26, p = 0.43; comparative fit index = 0.997; root mean square error of approximation = 0.01 (90% confidence interval = 0.00-0.08); standardized root mean square residual = 0.04]; however, not all associations were in expected directions. Higher perceived parent and peer support were each significantly associated with lower self-esteem, which, in turn, was significantly associated with higher cancer-related worry. There was no direct association between support variables and cancer-related worry. Conclusion: These findings, which contradict existing theory about self-esteem development in healthy AYAs and prior research about the association between support and self-esteem in children and adolescents with cancer, suggest complex, and likely reciprocal, relationships among perceived support, cancer-related worry, and self-esteem in AYA cancer survivors. Support interventions involving peers with cancer and cognitive behavioral interventions targeting parent and peer relationships, self-esteem, and cancer-related worry may be beneficial in fostering AYA cancer survivors' psychosocial development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glynnis A McDonnell
- Center for Healthcare Delivery Science, Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware, USA
| | - Alice W Pope
- Department of Psychology, St. John's University, Queens, New York, USA
| | - Jennifer S Ford
- Department of Psychology, Hunter College and The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
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26
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Igler EC, Sejkora EK, Austin JE, Davies WH. Friendship changes following a friend's school absence after serious illness or injury. J Child Health Care 2020; 24:233-245. [PMID: 31146538 DOI: 10.1177/1367493519853437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Social support is vital in helping adolescents cope following a serious illness or injury, though it is not known how their healthy peers react to potential changes in the nature of their friendships during this time. In this questionnaire-based study, emerging adults in the community indicated whether they had an experience with a friend's serious illness during adolescence and responded to structured and open-ended questions about their experience. Participants reported diminished contact with friends following diagnosis, such as decreased frequency of visits and communication. Participants most commonly cited logistical issues, such as transportation, and their friend's emotional and/or physical functioning as barriers to staying connected. Friends reported a mixture of positive and negative experiences associated with a friend's illness. The communication barriers highlighted provide a potential focus for intervention. Results suggest positive communication promotion with healthy friends may be an important path to enhance social support after a serious illness diagnosis or injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva C Igler
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Ellen Kd Sejkora
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Jillian E Austin
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - W Hobart Davies
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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27
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The Role of Social Support in Adolescent/Young Adults Coping with Cancer Treatment. CHILDREN-BASEL 2019; 7:children7010002. [PMID: 31877952 PMCID: PMC7022818 DOI: 10.3390/children7010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Adolescents/young-adult (AYA) cancer patients are a psychosocially at-risk group as they are often less well-studied than other age cancer cohorts. Therefore, they experience disparities in access to developmentally informed treatment. Social support has been determined as an important aspect of AYAs’ cancer experience, but additional research was needed to describe specific behaviors AYAs found helpful and to explore how AYAs seek opportunities for additional support. As part of a larger qualitative study, study aims were to determine how AYAs (ages 15–26) cope during cancer treatment and examine how social support interacts with individual AYA coping. Participants included 10 AYA cancer patients undergoing treatment (mean age = 18.9 years) and 10 parents (mean age = 45.6 years). Descriptively, participants scored within the normal to high range on measures of hope, depression/anxiety/stress, quality of life, and social support. Participants completed semi-structured, audio-recorded interviews that were transcribed and coded as generated. Qualitative analysis was guided by principles of grounded theory and utilized the constant comparative approach. Themes within social support groups included presence, distraction, positive attitude, and maintaining AYA autonomy, communication, and advocacy. Results suggest social supports provide additional coping resources for AYAs with cancer through supplementing individual coping strategies. Future directions/implications for intervention/treatment are discussed.
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28
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Domlyn AM, Jiang Y, Harrison S, Qiao S, Li X. Stigma and psychosocial wellbeing among children affected by parental HIV in China. AIDS Care 2019; 32:500-507. [PMID: 31690083 DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2019.1687834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Parental HIV infection presents unique psychosocial challenges for families. Affected children are vulnerable to stigma-related distress from a parent's HIV status and are more likely to experience symptoms of depression and low self-esteem than unaffected peers. This study examined whether HIV-related stigma predicted poorer mental health among children affected by parental HIV and whether psychosocial assets mediated this relationship. METHODS A sample of 790 children (ages 6-17) affected by parental HIV in Henan, China reported on HIV-related stigma, social support, emotional regulation, future outlook, and mental health symptoms. Structural equation modeling was used to examine the direct and indirect effects of stigma on mental health. RESULTS Results indicated that stigma was associated with psychosocial resources, which in turn were associated with mental health symptoms. The indirect pathways from stigma to mental health symptoms through psychosocial resources were consistent across age and gender. CONCLUSION The experience of HIV-related stigma was associated with poorer overall mental health among children affected by parental HIV in China. Children's psychosocial resources, including social support, emotional regulation, and future outlook, mediated the relationship between HIV-related stigma and mental health symptoms. Future interventions may wish to target these modifiable aspects of wellbeing to improve social and behavioral outcomes in this vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel M Domlyn
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.,South Carolina SmartState Center for Healthcare Quality, Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Yanping Jiang
- South Carolina SmartState Center for Healthcare Quality, Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Sayward Harrison
- South Carolina SmartState Center for Healthcare Quality, Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Shan Qiao
- South Carolina SmartState Center for Healthcare Quality, Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Xiaoming Li
- South Carolina SmartState Center for Healthcare Quality, Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
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Kaluarachchi T, McDonald F, Patterson P, Newton-John TRO. Being a teenager and cancer patient: What do adolescents and young adults with cancer find valuable and challenging with their friends and cancer peers? J Psychosoc Oncol 2019; 38:195-209. [PMID: 31608828 DOI: 10.1080/07347332.2019.1672847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: This study examined Adolescent and Young Adult (AYA) cancer patients' experiences with friends and cancer friends (peers) throughout their cancer journey.Research approach: Qualitative, thematic analysis.Participants: Twelve AYA diagnosed with cancer, treated within the past five years.Methodological approach: Individual semi-structured interviews, focusing on friend and peer experiences pre-/post-diagnosis, during and after treatment.Findings: Overarching themes of 'valued' vs. 'challenging' aspects with friends and peers.Interpretation: Friend and peer relationships were both valuable, but in different ways. Friends provided general support and helped AYA feel like a normal teenager, while peers provided targeted support and helped AYA feel like a normal teenager with cancer. Peers had an intimate understanding of cancer, whereas poor understanding by friends led to further challenges such as avoidance and being dismissive. Peer relations were notably challenged by a premature confrontation with mortality. Friendships evolved and changed throughout the cancer journey.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fiona McDonald
- Research, Evaluation & Social Policy, CanTeen Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | - Pandora Patterson
- Research, Evaluation & Social Policy, CanTeen Australia, Sydney, Australia
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30
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Hauken MA, Grue M, Dyregrov A. “It's been a life‐changing experience!” A qualitative study of young adult cancer survivors’ experiences of the coexistence of negative and positive outcomes after cancer treatment. Scand J Psychol 2019; 60:577-584. [DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- May A. Hauken
- Center for Crisis Psychology Faculty of Psychology University of Bergen Norway
| | - Marthe Grue
- Center for Crisis Psychology Faculty of Psychology University of Bergen Norway
| | - Atle Dyregrov
- Center for Crisis Psychology Faculty of Psychology University of Bergen Norway
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31
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Impact of brain tumor and its treatment on the physical and psychological well-being, and quality of life amongst pediatric brain tumor survivors. Eur J Oncol Nurs 2019; 41:104-109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejon.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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32
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Comparing the Impact of Cancer and Treatment-Related Effects on Psychological Well-being and Quality of Life Between Hong Kong Survivors of Childhood Solid Tumors and Leukemia. Cancer Nurs 2019; 43:446-454. [PMID: 31361673 DOI: 10.1097/ncc.0000000000000736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence shows that survivors of solid tumors have a lower survival rate and shorter disease-free survival time than survivors of leukemia. However, the psychological well-being and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of these 2 groups of cancer survivors have not been compared. OBJECTIVE To examine and compare the impact of cancer and treatment-related effects on psychological well-being and HRQOL between survivors of childhood solid tumors and leukemia. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study involving 65 Hong Kong survivors of solid tumors and 70 survivors of leukemia aged 8 to 18 years who had their medical follow-up in a pediatric outpatient clinic. Participants' depressive symptoms, self-esteem, and HRQOL were assessed. Twenty-two survivors of childhood solid tumors and 15 survivors of childhood leukemia were then selected for semistructured interviews. RESULTS Survivors of childhood solid tumors reported significantly higher mean scores for depressive symptoms, and lower mean self-esteem and HRQOL scores than survivors of childhood leukemia. Qualitative data revealed that survivors of childhood solid tumors faced more challenges in their daily life than survivors of childhood leukemia. CONCLUSIONS Survivors of childhood solid tumors reported poorer psychological well-being and HRQOL than survivors of childhood leukemia. This vulnerable group warrants more attention and support. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE It is vital for healthcare professionals to understand the impact of cancer and treatment-related effects in the context of different types of cancer. This will facilitate development and evaluation of appropriate psychological interventions to promote psychological well-being and HRQOL among childhood cancer survivors.
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33
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Pars H, Çavuşoğlu H. [Examining the Psychological Resilience of Adolescents with Leukemia: A Comparative Study]. Florence Nightingale Hemsire Derg 2019; 27:104-118. [PMID: 34267966 PMCID: PMC8127600 DOI: 10.26650/fnjn18024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM This descriptive and comparative research was conducted to determine the level of psychological resilience of adolescents diagnosed with leukemia. METHOD The sample research group comprised of eighty adolescents in the 15-18 age group who have leukemia in pediatric hematology outpatient clinics. The sample comparison group comprised of eighty healthy adolescents in the 15-18 age group who were students from years 9, 10, 11, and 12th in a high school. Data was collected using a socio-demographic questionnaire and the California Healthy Kids Survey Resilience and Youth Development Module High School Questionnaire form. The Mann-Whitney U Test, Kruskal Wallis variance analysis, homogeneity test (Levene), and Ki kare Test were used to evaluate the data. RESULTS It was seen that there were no significant differences between the psychological resilience of adolescents with leukemia and healthy adolescents (p>0.05) Females were observed to have higher levels of psychological resilience than males in the research group. A lower level of psychological resilience was identified in adolescents from the research group who did not receive psychological support during the illness compared with those who received psychological support (p<0.05). The sub-factor point average of caring relationships and high expectations at school were higher in the research group, whereas the sub-factor point average of goals and aspirations were higher in the healthy adolescents (p<0.05). CONCLUSION As a result, it was suggested that preventive mental health services should be planned and implemented to develop resilience levels and protective relationships provided by the school, friends, family and society should be supported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatice Pars
- Hacettepe Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi, Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Hemşireliği Anabilim Dalı, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Hicran Çavuşoğlu
- Hacettepe Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi, Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Hemşireliği Anabilim Dalı, Ankara, Türkiye
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34
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Hauken MA, Larsen TMB. Young adult cancer patients' experiences of private social network support during cancer treatment. J Clin Nurs 2019; 28:2953-2965. [PMID: 31017320 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.14899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To explore young adult cancer patients' experiences of support from their private social network during cancer treatment. BACKGROUND Cancer treatment in young adulthood (aged 18-35 years) can be distressing. Social support is crucial for health and well-being, especially for young people and in times of crisis. Research indicates that young cancer patients experience a lack of social network support, but little is known about the types of private social network support available during cancer treatment. DESIGN Qualitative study with interpretive descriptive design. METHODS Twenty young adult cancer patients with different cancer diagnoses were interviewed retrospectively using a semi-structured interview guideline. Data were analysed using systematic text condensation. The COREQ checklist for qualitative research was followed. RESULTS "From independence to dependence" was identified as a bridging theme, which was elaborated by four sub-themes: (1) "My partner was my rock-or not"; (2) "My family stood by me-or not"; (3) "My friends supported me-or not"; and (4) "I lacked young adult cancer peers-or not." CONCLUSION The patients' major sources of private social network support were their partners and close family members. Only a few friends supported them during cancer treatment, and most lacked peer support. The type of social network support they received varied, and not all support was perceived as helpful. Helpful network support was experienced as being unconditional and given with empathy and without prompting. Patients without sufficient support from a partner or family members seem to be especially vulnerable. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE Nurses play a crucial role in educating young adult cancer patients about the importance of social support and helping them to map their social network and being explicit when requesting support. Nurses should inform patients' networks about both helpful and unhelpful support and should facilitate interaction between patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- May Aa Hauken
- Center for Crisis Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Torill M B Larsen
- Department of Health Promotion and Development, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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35
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Zhou E, Qiao Z, Cheng Y, Zhou J, Wang W, Zhao M, Qiu X, Wang L, Song X, Zhao E, Wang R, Zhao X, Yang Y, Yang X. Factors associated with depression among HIV/AIDS children in China. Int J Ment Health Syst 2019; 13:10. [PMID: 30828360 PMCID: PMC6381654 DOI: 10.1186/s13033-019-0263-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Depression in HIV/AIDS children not only worsens the progression and outcome of illness, but also impacts their quality of life, having a negative influence on society. The present study was conducted from a psychosocial perspective, considering children’s social desirability, cognitive emotion regulation, and perceived social support to identify the factors influencing depression in HIV-infected children in China. Methods Participants were 155 children aged 8–18 years who were eligible to participate in this study assessing depression and associated risk factors using the Children’s Depression Inventory, Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, and Children’s Social Desirability scale. Hierarchical linear regression analysis was conducted to model the effects of social desirability, perceived social support, and cognitive emotion regulation on depression in HIV/AIDS children. Results Statistically significant linear relationships were found among social desirability, perceived social support, partial dimensions of cognitive emotion regulation, and children’s depression scores. Perceived social support, planning and positive reappraisal were negatively related to the depression. Conversely, social desirability, catastrophizing and other-blame were positively associated with the depression. Linear regression analysis indicated that children’s social desirability, perceived social support, and one dimension of cognitive emotion regulation (catastrophizing) were found to significantly predict depression. Conclusions Psychosocial factors have an important influence on the depression experienced by HIV-infected children. Interventions from personal subjective psychosocial to reduce depression in HIV-infected children in China are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enpeng Zhou
- 1Psychology Department of the Public Health Institute of Harbin Medical University, No. 157, Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081 Heilongjiang Province China
| | - Zhengxue Qiao
- 1Psychology Department of the Public Health Institute of Harbin Medical University, No. 157, Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081 Heilongjiang Province China
| | - Yuewu Cheng
- Shangcai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhumadian, Henan China
| | - Jiawei Zhou
- 1Psychology Department of the Public Health Institute of Harbin Medical University, No. 157, Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081 Heilongjiang Province China
| | - Wenbo Wang
- 1Psychology Department of the Public Health Institute of Harbin Medical University, No. 157, Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081 Heilongjiang Province China
| | - Mingzhe Zhao
- 1Psychology Department of the Public Health Institute of Harbin Medical University, No. 157, Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081 Heilongjiang Province China
| | - Xiaohui Qiu
- 1Psychology Department of the Public Health Institute of Harbin Medical University, No. 157, Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081 Heilongjiang Province China
| | - Lin Wang
- 1Psychology Department of the Public Health Institute of Harbin Medical University, No. 157, Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081 Heilongjiang Province China
| | - Xuejia Song
- 1Psychology Department of the Public Health Institute of Harbin Medical University, No. 157, Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081 Heilongjiang Province China
| | - Erying Zhao
- 1Psychology Department of the Public Health Institute of Harbin Medical University, No. 157, Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081 Heilongjiang Province China
| | - Ruopeng Wang
- 1Psychology Department of the Public Health Institute of Harbin Medical University, No. 157, Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081 Heilongjiang Province China
| | - Xueyan Zhao
- 1Psychology Department of the Public Health Institute of Harbin Medical University, No. 157, Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081 Heilongjiang Province China
| | - Yanjie Yang
- 1Psychology Department of the Public Health Institute of Harbin Medical University, No. 157, Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081 Heilongjiang Province China
| | - Xiuxian Yang
- 1Psychology Department of the Public Health Institute of Harbin Medical University, No. 157, Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081 Heilongjiang Province China
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36
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Assessing structure and characteristics of social networks among cancer survivors: impact on general health. Support Care Cancer 2019; 27:3045-3051. [DOI: 10.1007/s00520-018-4620-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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37
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Mirzaian B, Heydari Fard J, Hoseini S. Cognitive performance and social support in patients under maintenance therapy. JOURNAL OF NURSING AND MIDWIFERY SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/jnms.jnms_8_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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38
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Palmer Kelly E, Agne JL, Meara A, Pawlik TM. Reciprocity within patient-physician and patient-spouse/caregiver dyads: insights into patient-centered care. Support Care Cancer 2018; 27:1237-1244. [DOI: 10.1007/s00520-018-4482-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Molina Y. A conceptual model of social networks and mechanisms of cancer mortality, and potential strategies to improve survival: an invited commentary. Transl Behav Med 2018; 8:643-648. [PMID: 30016525 DOI: 10.1093/tbm/iby076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In this article, the importance of social factors for cancer survivorship has been theoretically considered and empirically studied. This commentary and Kroenke's narrative review highlight how social network theory and methods may innovatively expand this substantive body of work. First, we add to a new understanding of cancer survivorship through: (a) discussing the delineation and differences between multiple social factors of interest across existing conceptual models; (b) characterizing their relationships to each other and to cancer survivorship through a social network lens; and (c) overall, sharing terminology and strengthening connections within this diverse body of literature. Second, we note opportunities for future research in terms of (a) simultaneous measurement of multiple social factors at different levels and (b) adaptation of designs to leverage and measure the theorized mechanisms. This commentary describes how incorporation of social network research can optimize research, practice, and policy contributions regarding cancer survival and survivorship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamilé Molina
- School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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40
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Yeung NCY, Zhang Y, Ji L, Lu G, Lu Q. Guilt among husband caregivers of Chinese women with breast cancer: The roles of male gender-role norm, caregiving burden and coping processes. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 2018; 27:e12872. [PMID: 29956873 DOI: 10.1111/ecc.12872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Caregiver guilt (i.e., feeling of inadequacy in providing care to patients) is commonly experienced and studied among husbands of breast cancer survivors in Western countries. However, little is known about the psychosocial correlates of caregiver guilt in their Chinese counterparts. A total of 176 husbands of Chinese breast cancer survivors completed a cross-sectional survey in Weifang, Shandong province, China. As expected, hierarchical regression results showed that higher caregiving burden was associated with higher levels of caregiver guilt. However, for those who had stronger endorsement of the "Masculinity strength" gender-role norm, higher seeking social support from spouse was associated with higher guilt; for those with higher levels of marital satisfaction, higher protective buffering (i.e., hiding of concerns and negative emotions to protect others) was associated with lower caregiver guilt. Western assumptions on the harm of protective buffering and the benefits of support seeking as well as related supportive evidence among Western populations do not directly apply to the Chinese culture, which should be brought awareness to research and practice. Practitioners should consider the cultural background of the caregivers and should not simply encourage support seeking and discourage protective buffering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson C Y Yeung
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yiwei Zhang
- Department of Medical Nursing, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Lili Ji
- Department of Medical Nursing, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Guohua Lu
- Department of Medical Nursing, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Qian Lu
- Department of Health Disparities Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
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41
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Janin MMH, Ellis SJ, Wakefield CE, Fardell JE. Talking About Cancer Among Adolescent and Young Adult Cancer Patients and Survivors: A Systematic Review. J Adolesc Young Adult Oncol 2018; 7:515-524. [PMID: 29851370 DOI: 10.1089/jayao.2017.0131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Communication plays an essential role in social relationships. Yet it is unclear how young cancer patients and survivors communicate with peers, and whether this contributes to increased rates of social difficulties. We aimed to analyze how childhood cancer patients and survivors communicate about their cancer with family and peers. We systematically searched Medline, Embase and PsycINFO for peer-reviewed studies on cancer-related communication among patients and survivors (any cancer, <25 years at diagnosis). We screened 309 articles, and included 6 qualitative studies. Studies were assessed using a standardized quality assessment tool. Participants were adolescents and young adults, 16-34 years of age at the time of study. Included studies related to different forms of cancer-related communication, benefits, and challenges. We found that cancer-related communication was an individual, complex process, addressing medical, existential, and emotional aspects of cancer. Communication occurred on a spectrum with variation in who information was shared with, as well as differences in the frequency at which information was shared, and the amount and type of information shared. Communication often occurred at uncertain or significant times for participants, or was initiated by others. Communicating about cancer yielded benefits as a coping strategy, prompted social support, and appeared central to significant relationships. Barriers to communication, including fear of stigma and poor peer reactions, hindered willingness to disclose. The number of studies analyzing this topic was limited. Communicating about cancer is a significant yet complex process for young patients and survivors. Further research is needed to complement the existing literature and to establish the evidence base for the development of future effective interventions promoting social and communication skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine Marie Hortense Janin
- 1 Kids Cancer Center, Sydney Children's Hospital , Randwick, Australia .,2 School of Women's and Children's Health, Discipline of Pediatrics, UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales , Sydney, Australia
| | - Sarah Jane Ellis
- 1 Kids Cancer Center, Sydney Children's Hospital , Randwick, Australia .,2 School of Women's and Children's Health, Discipline of Pediatrics, UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales , Sydney, Australia
| | - Claire Elizabeth Wakefield
- 1 Kids Cancer Center, Sydney Children's Hospital , Randwick, Australia .,2 School of Women's and Children's Health, Discipline of Pediatrics, UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales , Sydney, Australia
| | - Joanna Elizabeth Fardell
- 1 Kids Cancer Center, Sydney Children's Hospital , Randwick, Australia .,2 School of Women's and Children's Health, Discipline of Pediatrics, UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales , Sydney, Australia
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42
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Katz LF, Fladeboe K, Lavi I, King K, Kawamura J, Friedman D, Compas B, Breiger D, Lengua L, Gurtovenko K, Stettler N. Trajectories of marital, parent-child, and sibling conflict during pediatric cancer treatment. Health Psychol 2018; 37:736-745. [PMID: 29809021 DOI: 10.1037/hea0000620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The stress of having a child with cancer can impact the quality of relationships within the family. The current study describes the longitudinal trajectory of marital, parent-child, and sibling conflict beginning around the time of diagnosis through the first year of treatment. We examined the average level of marital, parent-child, and sibling conflict at each monthly time point in the first year of treatment; the proportion of families that fall into the distressed range of marital, parent-child, and sibling conflict at each time point; the typical trajectory of conflict during the first year of treatment and whether there are differences in trajectories across families. METHOD A total of 160 families of children newly diagnosed with cancer (Mage = 5.6 years; range = 2-18 years) participated in a short-term prospective longitudinal study. Primary caregivers provided monthly reports of marital, parent-child, and sibling conflict. RESULTS Using multilevel modeling (MLM), most families showed stability in quality of family relationships, although considerable between-family variability was observed. For married couples, 25-36% of couples were in the distressed range at one time point over the first year of treatment. For married couples, more distress occurred at earlier months, particularly month 3. For parent-child and sibling dyads, the most difficult time periods were during later months. CONCLUSION Implications for development of interventions that target at-risk family relationships are discussed. Identifying processes that predict between-family variability in trajectories of family relationships is an important next step, particularly for the marital relationship. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Iris Lavi
- School of Social Work, University of Haifa
| | - Kevin King
- School of Social Work, University of Haifa
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43
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Huang IC, Jones CM, Brinkman TM, Hudson MM, Srivastava DK, Li Y, Robison LL, Krull KR. Development of the functional social network index for adolescent and young adult cancer survivors. Cancer 2018. [PMID: 29517807 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.31278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To the authors' knowledge, social network status in adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer survivors has not been adequately studied to date. The authors developed and validated a functional social network index (FSNI) for AYA survivors, and compared its performance with that of 2 traditional indices (density and betweenness centrality). METHODS A total of 102 AYA survivors and 102 noncancer controls who were matched for age, sex, and race were recruited from an Internet panel. Each participant reported relationships with up to 25 close friends and/or relatives. The authors developed a FSNI with reported marital status, contact frequency with friends/relatives, available resources for emotional and tangible support, and available resources for physical activity and weight management advice. Linear regression was used to analyze associations between the FSNI and cancer diagnoses, treatments, and coping skills. RESULTS Based on the FSNI, survivors were found to have more available resources for emotional support (beta [b] = 3.02; P = .003), tangible support (b = 4.17; P<.001), physical activity advice (b = 3.94; P<.001), and weight management advice (b = 4.10; P<.001) compared with noncancer controls. Survivors of lymphoma had the largest FSNI, whereas survivors of central nervous system malignancies had the smallest (b = 2.77; P = .02). A higher FSNI was associated with better coping skills: less denial (b = 0.10; P = .01), using emotional support (b = 0.08; P = .04), using instrumental support (b = 0.12; P<.001), less behavioral disengagement (b = 0.08; P = .04), venting of emotions (b = 0.10; P = .004), positive reframing (b = 0.12; P = .003), planning for the future (b = 0.08; P = .03), and religious engagement (b = 0.16; P<.001). Density and betweenness centrality indices demonstrated neither significant differences in social networks between cancer survivors and controls (all P values >.05) nor significant associations with coping skills (all P values >.05). CONCLUSIONS The FSNI appears to provide a better social network assessment for AYA cancer survivors than traditional indices. Cancer 2018;124:2220-7. © 2018 American Cancer Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Chan Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Conor M Jones
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Tara M Brinkman
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee.,Department of Psychology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Melissa M Hudson
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee.,Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - D Kumar Srivastava
- Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Yuelin Li
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Leslie L Robison
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Kevin R Krull
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee.,Department of Psychology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
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44
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McDonnell GA, Shuk E, Ford JS. A qualitative study of adolescent and young adult cancer survivors' perceptions of family and peer support. J Health Psychol 2018; 25:713-726. [PMID: 29687735 DOI: 10.1177/1359105318769366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This qualitative study examined adolescent and young adult survivors' perceptions of support from family and peers. A total of 26 survivors, aged 16-24 years, who had been diagnosed with cancer between the ages of 14 and 18, participated in semi-structured interviews. Three themes emerged for support: practical support, emotional support, and new sense of closeness. For lack of support, two themes emerged: absence during treatment and lack of understanding about appearance changes. These findings emphasize the perceived importance of family and peer support throughout adolescent and young adults' cancer trajectories and indicate a need for interventions to help adolescent and young adult develop and maintain support networks throughout treatment and survivorship.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elyse Shuk
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, USA
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45
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Assessing the relationships among spiritual social support, stress, and anxiety: Does extraversion also play a role in the coping process? CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-017-9764-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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46
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Vanclooster S, Bilsen J, Peremans L, Van der Werff Ten Bosch J, Laureys G, Willems E, Genin S, Van Bogaert P, Paquier P, Jansen A. Attending school after treatment for a brain tumor: Experiences of children and key figures. J Health Psychol 2017; 24:1436-1447. [DOI: 10.1177/1359105317733534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Reintegration into school is a milestone for childhood brain tumor survivors, as well as for their parents, teachers, and healthcare providers. We explored their experiences following the school re-entry by conducting semi-structured interviews. Thematic analysis resulted in four main themes: “school performance,” “psychosocial well-being,” “support and approach,” and “communication and collaboration.” Children were pleased to return to school despite confrontation with adverse outcomes. Parents, teachers, and healthcare providers identified current and future concerns and challenges, as well as opportunities for academic and personal development. Their experiences highlight the importance of coordinated and systematic follow-up in close collaboration with healthcare providers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Vanclooster
- Mental Health and Wellbeing Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Johan Bilsen
- Mental Health and Wellbeing Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lieve Peremans
- Mental Health and Wellbeing Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Primary and Interdisciplinary Care, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Geneviève Laureys
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Elsie Willems
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sophie Genin
- Department of Neuropsychology, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Patrick Van Bogaert
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Philippe Paquier
- Department of Neurology, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Neurolinguistics, Center for Linguistics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Unit of Translational Neurosciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiteit Antwerpen, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Anna Jansen
- Mental Health and Wellbeing Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, UZ Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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47
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Kay JS, Juth V, Silver RC, Sender LS. Support and conflict in relationships and psychological health in adolescents and young adults with cancer. J Health Psychol 2017; 24:502-517. [PMID: 28810372 DOI: 10.1177/1359105316676629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Perceived support and conflict between adolescents and young adults with cancer and their primary caregivers, other family, close friends, and medical staff were examined in relation to adolescents and young adults' psychological health. Adolescents and young adults ( n = 115, 51% male, ages 12-24 years, M (standard deviation) = 16.07 (2.29)) in outpatient cancer treatment perceived more support and conflict within familial relationships than other relationships. Among familial relationships, perceived support and conflict were associated with psychological health; within other relationships, only support was associated with psychological health. Interactions among family were most strongly correlated with psychological distress; interactions with friends were stronger correlates of posttraumatic stress symptoms, positive affect, and posttraumatic growth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Leonard S Sender
- 1 University of California, Irvine, USA.,2 Children's Hospital of Orange County, USA
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48
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Lie NEK, Larsen TMB, Hauken MA. Coping with changes and uncertainty: A qualitative study of young adult cancer patients' challenges and coping strategies during treatment. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 2017; 27:e12743. [PMID: 28758705 DOI: 10.1111/ecc.12743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Young adult cancer patients (YACPs), aged 18-35 years when diagnosed with cancer, are in a vulnerable transitioning period from adolescence to adulthood, where cancer adds a tremendous burden. However, YACPs' challenges and coping strategies are under-researched. The objective of this study was to explore what challenges YACP experience during their treatment, and what coping strategies they applied to them. We conducted a qualitative study with a phenomenological-hermeneutic design, including retrospective, semi-structured interviews of 16 YACPs who had undergone cancer treatment. Data were analysed using thematic analysis and interpreted applying the Cognitive Activation Theory of Stress (CATS). We found "coping with changes and uncertainty" as overarching topic for YACPs' challenges, particularly related to five themes, including (1) receiving the diagnosis, (2) encountering the healthcare system, (3) living with cancer, (4) dealing with the impact of the treatment and (5) reactions from the social network. YACPs' coping strategies applied to these challenges varied broadly and ranged from maladaptive strategies, such as neglecting the situation, to conducive emotional or instrumental approaches to manage their challenges. The findings call for age-specific needs assessments, information and support for YACPs, and their families in order to facilitate YACPs' coping during their treatment.
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49
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Kavas MV. How to Increase the Quality of a Suffering Experience: Lessons Derived From the Diary Narratives of a Dying Adolescent Girl. OMEGA-JOURNAL OF DEATH AND DYING 2017; 76:256-295. [DOI: 10.1177/0030222817694667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Personal narratives are assumed to be primary sources of the essential meaning of lived experiences of dying. In this study, I analyzed the personal diary of Miraç Fidan, a terminally ill adolescent with advanced cancer who kept a diary until her death at the age of 15. Miraç’s Diary, also published as a book, was subjected to hermeneutic phenomenological narrative analysis. Inferences were drawn regarding the following basic elements: (a) The dynamics in which Miraç lived and (2) her perceptions of herself, her immediate environment, and her experiences. Suffering seems to be the main experience dominating Miraç’s life, which I examined with regard to two dimensions: suffering caused by inevitable factors and suffering caused by preventable/changeable factors. The results suggest that if various causes among contextual factors are neutralized, then the quality of the existential experience determined by the inevitable factors would increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Volkan Kavas
- Department of History of Medicine and Ethics, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Turkey
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50
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Parental Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms as Predictors of Psychosocial Problems in Children Treated for Cancer. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:ijerph13080812. [PMID: 27529259 PMCID: PMC4997498 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13080812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explore the association between psychosocial functioning of children treated for cancer and that of their parents. Factors associated with psychosocial functioning were also examined. The present study was a cross-sectional survey of 33 mothers and one father (mean age: 37.9), each of whom had a child that had been treated for cancer. The participants answered a package of questionnaires consisting of the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), the Parent Experience of Child Illness (PECI), and the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Information about the children's illnesses was collected from medical records. The CBCL total problems T score was correlated with the parental IES-R total scores. Intensity of treatment independently predicted the variance of parental long-term uncertainty. In conclusion, psychosocial problems of children with cancer were associated with parental post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). Provision of early, adequate support to parents who are vulnerable to PTSS will help not only the parents, but also their children with cancer.
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