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Christie DRH, Sharpley CF, Bitsika V. A Systematic Review of the Association between Psychological Resilience and Improved Psychosocial Outcomes in Prostate Cancer Patients. Could Resilience Training Have a Potential Role? World J Mens Health 2024; 42:42.e39. [PMID: 38606864 DOI: 10.5534/wjmh.230319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE A high incidence of psychosocial problems in prostate cancer patients has been reported including anxiety, depression and distress. These can add to the patients' disease burden and have been associated with unfavorable cancer treatment outcomes. Interventions designed to address them have found limited success, but psychological resilience (PR) training has never been formally tested. The measurement of PR in prostate cancer patients has been described and has been associated with more favorable psychosocial outcomes in these patients but it has never been systematically reviewed. The aim of this study was to conduct the first systematic review of those studies that have measured it using standardized scales and to determine the potential for resilience training to help overcome the significant psychosocial problems faced by prostate cancer patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS We searched the literature to identify articles that measured PR among prostate cancer patients. RESULTS Of 384 articles identified by the search criteria, there were 19 studies suitable for inclusion regarding 5,417 patients. The most commonly-used scale was the original Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, or an abbreviated version of it. Possible scores range from 0 to 100, mean scores from these studies ranged from 72.9 to 87.1 (standard deviations varied between 13.2 and 16.3). PR was consistently associated with improved psychological outcomes including depression, anxiety and distress, although these were measured with a wide variety of methods making it difficult to quantify the effects. There was also evidence of PR mediating the physical effects of prostate cancer and treatment including urinary symptoms, fatigue and insomnia. CONCLUSIONS As resilience training has been successful in other cancer settings, it seems likely that it could improve the significant adverse psychosocial outcomes that have been reported in prostate cancer patients and trials designed to objectively test it should be encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Robert Harry Christie
- GenesisCare, Tugun, Australia
- Brain-Behaviour Research Group, University of New England, Armidale, Australia.
| | | | - Vicki Bitsika
- Brain-Behaviour Research Group, University of New England, Armidale, Australia
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Jiang C, Xing J, Sanders A, Chidester K, Shi M, Perimbeti S, Deng L, Chatta GS, Gopalakrishnan D. Psychological Distress, Emergency Room Utilization, and Mortality Risk Among US Adults With History of Prostate Cancer. JCO Oncol Pract 2024; 20:509-516. [PMID: 38290084 DOI: 10.1200/op.23.00524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Adults with a history of prostate cancer experience several physical and mental stressors. However, limited information is available about the prevalence of psychological distress in this population and its association with clinical outcomes in a nationally representative sample. METHODS We identified adults with history of prostate cancer from a nationally representative cohort (2000-2018 US National Health Interview Survey) and its linked mortality files through December 31, 2019. The six-item Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6) was used to assess psychological distress. The associations between psychological distress severity, emergency room (ER) usage, and mortality risk were estimated using multivariable logistic and Cox proportional hazards models, which were both adjusted for age, survey year, race/ethnicity, region, education, health insurance, comorbidities, functional limitations, and time since cancer diagnosis. RESULTS Among the 3,451 adults with history of prostate cancer surveyed, 96 (2.4%), 434 (11.3%), and 2,921 (86.3%) reported severe, moderate, or low/no mental distress, respectively. During the 12 months preceding the survey, 812 (22.8%) adults with history of prostate cancer visited the ER. After a median follow-up of 81 months, 937 (25.5%) deaths occurred. Compared with participants with low/no mental distress, those with severe mental distress reported the highest utilization of the ER (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.57 [95% CI, 1.51 to 4.37]) and exhibited the highest all-cause mortality (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.83 [95% CI, 1.29 to 2.60]), followed by those with moderate mental distress (ER use aOR, 1.76 [95% CI, 1.29 to 2.42]; all-cause mortality aHR, 1.22 [95% CI, 0.92 to 1.62]). CONCLUSION Among US adults with history of prostate cancer, psychological distress was associated with increased ER use and mortality risk. Notably, severe psychological distress was correlated with the highest rates of ER visits and mortality risk. However, given the retrospective nature of this study, uncontrolled confounding variables need to be considered when interpreting the findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changchuan Jiang
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Jiazhang Xing
- Department of Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Alexandra Sanders
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
| | - Kaitlin Chidester
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
| | - Molin Shi
- Department of Psychiatry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Stuthi Perimbeti
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA
| | - Lei Deng
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Gurkamal S Chatta
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
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Torres Irizarry VM, Paster IC, Ogbuji V, Gomez DM, Mccormick K, Chipollini J. Improving Quality of Life and Psychosocial Health for Penile Cancer Survivors: A Narrative Review. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1309. [PMID: 38610987 PMCID: PMC11010998 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16071309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Treatment of penile cancer (PC) focuses on organ preservation, employing various surgical and non-surgical approaches. These interventions may lead to disfigurement, impacting patients' functional outcomes and psychosocial well-being. We reviewed studies related to penile health and PC up to February 2024, limited to studies published in English. Studies employing health-related quality of life (HRQoL) assessments have identified a detrimental association between aggressive treatment and overall health status, physical functioning, and relationships. In contrast, organ-sparing demonstrates improved measures related to HRQoL and sexual function. Assessment through validated questionnaires reveals diverse voiding outcomes, and varying impacts on QoL and sexual activity, emphasizing the necessity for multidisciplinary personalized care. Studies highlight substantial variations in sexual function, with patients reporting adaptations, reduced satisfaction, and concerns about body image and sexual well-being. Furthermore, unmet needs include challenges in patient-clinician communication, obtaining information, and accessing psychosocial support. Patient experiences underscore the importance of timely diagnosis, treatment access, and addressing psychological consequences. Organ-sparing approaches have higher QoL preservation and sexual function. Individualized support, including sexual therapy, support groups, and family counseling, is essential for post-treatment rehabilitation. Timely diagnosis and comprehensive care are paramount in addressing the multifaceted impact of PC on patients and families.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vanessa Ogbuji
- College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; (V.O.); (D.M.G.); (K.M.); (J.C.)
| | - D’Andre Marquez Gomez
- College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; (V.O.); (D.M.G.); (K.M.); (J.C.)
| | - Kyle Mccormick
- College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; (V.O.); (D.M.G.); (K.M.); (J.C.)
| | - Juan Chipollini
- College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; (V.O.); (D.M.G.); (K.M.); (J.C.)
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Jiang C, Xing J, Sanders A, Chidester K, Shi M, Perimbeti S, Deng L, Chatta GS, Gopalakrishnan D. Psychological Distress, Emergency Room Utilization, and Mortality Risk Among US Adults With History of Prostate Cancer. JCO Oncol Pract 2024. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1200/op.23.00524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Adults with a history of prostate cancer experience several physical and mental stressors. However, limited information is available about the prevalence of psychological distress in this population and its association with clinical outcomes in a nationally representative sample. METHODS We identified adults with history of prostate cancer from a nationally representative cohort (2000-2018 US National Health Interview Survey) and its linked mortality files through December 31, 2019. The six-item Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6) was used to assess psychological distress. The associations between psychological distress severity, emergency room (ER) usage, and mortality risk were estimated using multivariable logistic and Cox proportional hazards models, which were both adjusted for age, survey year, race/ethnicity, region, education, health insurance, comorbidities, functional limitations, and time since cancer diagnosis. RESULTS Among the 3,451 adults with history of prostate cancer surveyed, 96 (2.4%), 434 (11.3%), and 2,921 (86.3%) reported severe, moderate, or low/no mental distress, respectively. During the 12 months preceding the survey, 812 (22.8%) adults with history of prostate cancer visited the ER. After a median follow-up of 81 months, 937 (25.5%) deaths occurred. Compared with participants with low/no mental distress, those with severe mental distress reported the highest utilization of the ER (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.57 [95% CI, 1.51 to 4.37]) and exhibited the highest all-cause mortality (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.83 [95% CI, 1.29 to 2.60]), followed by those with moderate mental distress (ER use aOR, 1.76 [95% CI, 1.29 to 2.42]; all-cause mortality aHR, 1.22 [95% CI, 0.92 to 1.62]). CONCLUSION Among US adults with history of prostate cancer, psychological distress was associated with increased ER use and mortality risk. Notably, severe psychological distress was correlated with the highest rates of ER visits and mortality risk. However, given the retrospective nature of this study, uncontrolled confounding variables need to be considered when interpreting the findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changchuan Jiang
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Jiazhang Xing
- Department of Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Alexandra Sanders
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
| | - Kaitlin Chidester
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
| | - Molin Shi
- Department of Psychiatry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Stuthi Perimbeti
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA
| | - Lei Deng
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Gurkamal S. Chatta
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
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Chien CH, Pang ST, Chuang CK, Liu KL, Wu CT, Yu KJ, Huang XY, Lin PH. Exploring psychological resilience and demoralisation in prostate cancer survivors. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 2022; 31:e13759. [PMID: 36271629 DOI: 10.1111/ecc.13759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate psychological resilience and demoralisation and their predictors and mediators in prostate cancer survivors (PCSs). METHODS A cross-sectional research design was used. PCSs (N = 122; mean time since diagnosis = 54.79 months, range in 13 years and 2 months) were recruited using convenience sampling at the outpatient department of a hospital in Taiwan. Data collection was conducted using self-report structured questionnaires, including one for demographic and disease characteristics, the Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite, Cancer Survivors' Self-Efficacy Scale, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale and the Demoralisation Scale. RESULTS In PCSs, a lower most-recent level of prostate-specific antigen and higher cancer-specific self-efficacy were associated with better psychological resilience. Further, fewer hormonal, bowel and urinary symptoms and bother; higher cancer-specific self-efficacy; and better psychological resilience were associated with less demoralisation. Cancer-specific self-efficacy was a mediator for the relationship between urinary symptoms and bother and demoralisation, while psychological resilience mediated the relationship between cancer-specific self-efficacy and demoralisation. CONCLUSIONS The results reveal that cancer-specific self-efficacy is a protective factor against demoralisation and increases psychological resilience in PCSs. Better psychological resilience and fewer physical symptoms and bother are associated with less demoralisation in PCSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching Hui Chien
- College of Nursing, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - See Tong Pang
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Cheng Keng Chuang
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Kuan Lin Liu
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Keelung, Keelung City, Taiwan
| | - Chun Te Wu
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Kai Jie Yu
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.,Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Xuan Yi Huang
- College of Nursing, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Po Hung Lin
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
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Owens OL, Dawson RM, Thomas T. Development of the Prostate Cancer Treatment Decision Framework: A Context-Specific Expansion of the Risk-as-Feelings Hypothesis. Cancer Nurs 2021; 44:E467-E475. [PMID: 33332918 PMCID: PMC8609530 DOI: 10.1097/ncc.0000000000000918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over the past 2 decades, numerous decision-making interventions have been developed to guide the prostate cancer (PrCA) treatment choices of patients and families. These interventions are often supported by economic decision frameworks, which do not account for the role of emotions in treatment decisions. In some instances, emotion-driven decisions can override an individual's cognitive evaluation of a decision, leading to unfavorable outcomes such as decision regret. OBJECTIVES To produce a Prostate Cancer Treatment Decision Framework based on the Risk-as-Feelings Hypothesis. METHODS The authors reviewed seminal research in emotion and decision-making in an effort to create a context-specific decision framework. RESULTS Five variables, not germane to the Risk-as-Feelings Hypothesis, play prominent roles in PrCA decision-making including age, spirituality, family support, healthcare provider communication, and perception of treatment outcomes. While family support only affects decision outcomes by influencing emotion and cognitive evaluation of a PrCA decision, age, spirituality, and healthcare provider communication can have direct effects on an individual's perception of treatment outcomes. CONCLUSIONS The Prostate Cancer Treatment Decision Framework combines new variables with older models to explain the PrCA treatment decision-making process and elucidate relationships affecting treatment outcomes and survivors' perceptions of these outcomes. The core premise of this model can be applied to other high-risk health decisions. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Healthcare providers have the greatest influence on PrCA treatment decision-making. Using a shared decision-making approach, providers should take into account a patient's personal characteristics and values, in addition to clinical presentation, to help patients with treatment decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otis L Owens
- Author Affiliations: College of Social Work (Dr Owens) and College of Nursing (Dr Dawson), University of South Carolina, Columbia; and Department of Health Sciences, College of Health and Behavioral Studies, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Virginia (Dr Thomas)
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Gillis C, Ilie G, Mason R, Bailly G, Lawen J, Bowes D, Patil N, Wilke D, Rutledge RDH, Bell D, Rendon R. Personality Traits and Urinary Symptoms Are Associated with Mental Health Distress in Patients with a Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer. Curr Oncol 2021; 28:2993-3002. [PMID: 34436028 PMCID: PMC8395397 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol28040262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE With a prolonged natural history compared with many other cancers, prostate cancer patients have high rates of mental illness over the duration of their treatment. Here, we examine the relationship between personality and mental health distress in a sample of prostate cancer patients. METHODS This study was conducted in the Canadian Maritime provinces, where a cohort of 189 men with prostate cancer were invited to complete a quality-of-life online survey between May 2017 and December 2019. The presence or absence of screening positive for mental health illness was the primary outcome and was assessed using Kessler's 10-item scale (K10). Urinary symptoms were assessed using the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS). The ten-item personality inventory (TIPI) assessed extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability (or neuroticism), and openness to experiences. A multivariate logistic regression model was created to examine the association between personality, urinary symptoms, and mental health distress, while controlling for time from diagnosis, treatment type, age, and multimorbidity. RESULTS Screening positive for mental illness (18.0%) was associated with personality traits of low levels of emotional stability (OR = 0.07, 95% CI: 0.03-0.20) and moderate to severe urinary problems (OR = 5.21, 95% CI: 1.94-14.05)). There was no identified association between treatment received for prostate cancer and personality type. CONCLUSION Screening for mental health illness in this population may help reduce morbidity associated with cancer treatment, as well as identify patients who may be at risk of mental health distress and could benefit from individualized mental health support services. These findings suggest that multidisciplinary care is essential for the management of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Gillis
- Department of Urology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; (C.G.); (R.M.); (G.B.); (J.L.); (D.B.); (R.R.)
| | - Gabriela Ilie
- Department of Urology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; (C.G.); (R.M.); (G.B.); (J.L.); (D.B.); (R.R.)
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; (D.B.); (N.P.); (D.W.); (R.D.H.R.)
| | - Ross Mason
- Department of Urology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; (C.G.); (R.M.); (G.B.); (J.L.); (D.B.); (R.R.)
| | - Gregory Bailly
- Department of Urology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; (C.G.); (R.M.); (G.B.); (J.L.); (D.B.); (R.R.)
| | - Joseph Lawen
- Department of Urology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; (C.G.); (R.M.); (G.B.); (J.L.); (D.B.); (R.R.)
| | - David Bowes
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; (D.B.); (N.P.); (D.W.); (R.D.H.R.)
| | - Nikhilesh Patil
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; (D.B.); (N.P.); (D.W.); (R.D.H.R.)
| | - Derek Wilke
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; (D.B.); (N.P.); (D.W.); (R.D.H.R.)
| | - Robert David Harold Rutledge
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; (D.B.); (N.P.); (D.W.); (R.D.H.R.)
| | - David Bell
- Department of Urology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; (C.G.); (R.M.); (G.B.); (J.L.); (D.B.); (R.R.)
| | - Ricardo Rendon
- Department of Urology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; (C.G.); (R.M.); (G.B.); (J.L.); (D.B.); (R.R.)
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Zahid N, Zahid W, Khalid W, Azam I, Ikram M, Hassan A, Iftikar H, Bhamani SS, Jabbar AA, Akhtar S, Siddiqui MI, Awan MS, Asad N, Ahmad K. Resilience and its associated factors in head and neck cancer patients in Pakistan: an analytical cross-sectional study. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:888. [PMID: 34344346 PMCID: PMC8330007 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08624-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The study aimed to assess resilience and its associated factors in head and neck cancer patients, post-treatment in a low middle income country (LMIC) such as Pakistan. METHODS An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2019 to May 2020 among head and neck cancer patients aged at least 18 years at the largest private tertiary care hospital, in Karachi, Pakistan. Information regarding their resilience scores was collected through Wagnild and Young's Resilience scale that comprises of 14 items (RS-14). Moreover, depression and anxiety were also assessed via Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and social support was assessed by Enriched Social Support Instrument (ESSI). RESULTS The data was analyzed by linear regression modeling. Unadjusted and adjusted beta coefficients with 95% CI were reported. A total of 250 head and neck cancer patients were recruited, 79% of them were males. Mean age of the patients was 51.59 years with 93% having high social support and only 8% having severe depression and 3% having severe anxiety. After adjusting for the covariates in multivariable analysis resilience was associated with severe depression (- 17[- 20.98,-12.93]) or borderline depression (- 4[- 8.41,-0.39]), severe anxiety (- 11 [- 17.88,-4.18]), low social support (- 6[- 9.62,-1.71]), having family members of > 6 in the household (- 2[- 4.31,-0.29), smokeless tobacco users post- treatment (10[5.79, 14.45]), and those who underwent tracheotomy (- 4[- 7.67,-0.21]). There was a significant interaction between education and role in the family (decision maker). CONCLUSION In Pakistan, a South Asian LMIC, collectivist culture prevails, family ties are greatly promoted thus resilience and social support is highly prevalent in head and neck cancer patients resulting in lower prevalence of depression and anxiety. Our study highlights that higher resilience is prevalent among small families less than six members, as the welfare of the individual is prioritized over multiple needs of the family. Formal Education and role in household/decision making power are effect modifiers in our study, demonstrating its protective effect on the mental health of head and neck cancer patients. High resilience scores were reported among current smokeless tobacco users as compared to quitters post treatment. Resilience-building interventions should be formulated to aid head and neck cancer patients to cope with the disease and its sequel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nida Zahid
- Department of Surgery, Aga Khan University Hospital, Stadium Road, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan
| | - Wajeeha Zahid
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University Hospital, Stadium Road, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan.
| | - Wardah Khalid
- Department of Surgery, Aga Khan University Hospital, Stadium Road, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan
| | - Iqbal Azam
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University Hospital, Stadium Road, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan
| | - Mubasher Ikram
- Department of Surgery, Aga Khan University Hospital, Stadium Road, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan
| | - Aneesa Hassan
- Department of Surgery, Aga Khan University Hospital, Stadium Road, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan
| | - Haissan Iftikar
- Department of Surgery, Aga Khan University Hospital, Stadium Road, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan
| | - Shireen Shehzad Bhamani
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Aga Khan University Hospital, Stadium Road, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan
| | - Adnan Abdul Jabbar
- Department of Oncology, Aga Khan University Hospital, Stadium Road, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan
| | - Shabbir Akhtar
- Department of Surgery, Aga Khan University Hospital, Stadium Road, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan
| | | | - Mohammad Sohail Awan
- Department of Surgery, Aga Khan University Hospital, Stadium Road, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan
| | - Nargis Asad
- Department of Psychiatry, Aga Khan University Hospital, Stadium Road, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan
| | - Khabir Ahmad
- Department of Surgery, Aga Khan University Hospital, Stadium Road, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan
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Nazari N, Zekiy AO, Feng LS, Griffiths MD. Psychometric Validation of the Persian Version of the COVID-19-Related Psychological Distress Scale and Association with COVID-19 Fear, COVID-19 Anxiety, Optimism, and Lack of Resilience. Int J Ment Health Addict 2021; 20:2665-2680. [PMID: 34007255 PMCID: PMC8121017 DOI: 10.1007/s11469-021-00540-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The outbreak of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) has resulted in a global health crisis. The COVID-19 pandemic has caused psychological distress, both in infected and uninfected individuals. The present study evaluated the validity and factor structure of the COVID-19-Related Psychological Distress Scale (CORPDS) among the general public of the Persian-speaking population. The original version of the CORPDS was translated and back-translated into Persian, followed by a pilot study. A total sample (n = 623) completed an online survey including the CORPDS, Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S), Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS), Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10), Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R), and Brief Resilience Scale (BRS). The Persian CORPDS had very good internal consistency and moderate test-retest reliability after 4 weeks. Maximum likelihood confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted to test construct validity (χ2/df = 2.39, CFI = 0.95, SRMR = 0.046, PCLOSE = 0.67 > 0.05, RMSEA = 0.047, 90% CI [0.038, 0.056]). Measurement invariance was performed across gender, including configural invariance, metric invariance, scalar invariance, and error variance invariance, and yielded further support for the two-factor structure of the CORPDS. The CORPDS correlated with the score on the K10 (r = 0.46, p < 0.01, 95% CI [0.43, 0.48]), CAS (r = 0.43, p < 0.01, 95% CI [0.37, 0.45]), FCV-19S (r = 0.29, p < 0.01, 95% CI [0.27, 0.32]), LOT-R (r = - 0.19, p < 0.01, 95% CI [- 0.15, - 0.24]) and BRS (r = - 0.56, p < 0.01, 95% CI [- 0.50, - 0.61]). Resilience was associated with lower psychological distress (β = - 0.54, SE = 0.05, p < 0.001). The findings provide evidence that CORPDS is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing psychological distress generated by COVID-19 among a healthy Persian-speaking population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabi Nazari
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Angelina Olegovna Zekiy
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Lin-Sen Feng
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, (The People’s Hospital of Yuxi City), Yuxi, Yunnan China
| | - Mark D. Griffiths
- International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Division, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
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Köther AK, Alpers GW, Büdenbender B, Lenhart M, Michel MS, Kriegmair MC. Predicting decisional conflict: Anxiety and depression in shared decision making. PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING 2021; 104:1229-1236. [PMID: 33248869 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2020.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Emotional distress can be a potential barrier to shared decision making (SDM), yet affect is typically not systematically assessed in medical consultation. We examined whether urological patients report anxiety or depression prior to a consultation and if emotional distress predicts decisional conflict thereafter. METHODS We recruited a large sample of urological outpatients (N = 397) with a range of different diagnoses (42 % oncological). Prior to a medical consultation, patients filled in questionnaires, including the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. After the consultation, patients completed the Decisional Conflict Scale. We scored the rate of anxiety and depression in our sample and conducted multiple regression analysis to examine if emotional distress before the consultation predicts decisional conflict thereafter. RESULTS About a quarter of patients reported values at or above cut-off for clinically relevant emotional distress. Emotional distress significantly predicted a higher degree of decisional conflict. There were no differences in emotional distress between patients with and without uro-oncological diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS Emotional distress is common in urology patients - oncological as well as non-oncological. It predicts decisional conflict after physician consultation. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Emotional distress should be systematically assessed in clinical consultations. This may improve the process and outcome of SDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja K Köther
- Chair of Clinical and Biological Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Germany
| | - Georg W Alpers
- Chair of Clinical and Biological Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Björn Büdenbender
- Chair of Clinical and Biological Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Maurice S Michel
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
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11
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Coping strategies in active and inactive men with prostate cancer: a qualitative study. J Cancer Surviv 2021; 16:421-431. [PMID: 33835392 PMCID: PMC8964636 DOI: 10.1007/s11764-021-01037-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Prostate cancer can result in a shift in the way men perceive their masculinity. Despite the interest in exercise as a treatment strategy to address masculinity concerns, there is insufficient information about how perceptions may differ in active and inactive men. The aim of this study was to explore how exercise might influence self-perceptions of masculinity in men across the exercise continuum (from active to inactive) and in men receiving different forms of treatment for their prostate cancer, including androgen deprivation therapy. METHODS Individual, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 men. Ten men met aerobic and/or resistance guidelines and were considered active, while five men, considered inactive, reached neither guideline. This study used a grounded theory approach to data analysis, examining masculinity issues in active men and compared them to inactive men. RESULTS Redefining masculinity emerged as an overarching theme. Subthemes were the various coping strategies men used to redefining masculinity and directly related to their exercise habits. Coping subthemes included re-establishing control, tapping into competition, remaining socially connected, rationalization, and acceptance. CONCLUSIONS In the active men, dominant coping strategies achieved from exercise included control through active participation, acceptance, competition, and leadership. In inactive men, control was observed with knowledge-seeking behaviors, rationalization, and acceptance. IMPLICATIONS FOR CANCER SURVIVORS A tailored approach to exercise counseling based upon specific masculine traits and motivations could lead to improved exercise engagement.
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12
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Bowie J, Brunckhorst O, Stewart R, Dasgupta P, Ahmed K. A systematic review of tools used to assess body image, masculinity and self-esteem in men with prostate cancer. Psychooncology 2020; 29:1761-1771. [PMID: 33345371 DOI: 10.1002/pon.5518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Masculinity, body image and self-esteem are important interlinked factors affecting prostate cancer (PCa) patients' quality of life. The aim of this systematic review was to identify and evaluate all tools measuring these domains in men with PCa. METHODS This review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines with a priori protocol registered. Pubmed, Embase, Medline and Psychinfo were searched from inception to May 2020. Studies using a predefined tool which measured any body image, self-esteem or masculinity construct in men with PCa were included, as well as validation studies of these. Reliability, validity and responsiveness of tools identified were objectively evaluated against the COSMIN taxonomy of measurement properties. RESULTS From 1416 records screened, a final 46 studies consisting of 17 different tools were included in the systematic review. Seven tools were identified assessing body image, nine masculinity and one self-esteem, varying widely in their number of items, possible responses and domains assessed. Most tools had evaluated internal consistency through Cronbach's alpha analysis; however, structural and discriminative validity, and responsiveness were lacking for many. Additionally, only one tool identified was specifically developed and evaluated in patients with PCa: The Masculinity in Chronic Disease Inventory. CONCLUSIONS Numerous tools have been used for the measurement of body image, masculinity and self-esteem in men with PCa. However, few were developed specifically for these patients. More research is therefore needed to ascertain specific factors affecting these outcomes in PCa patients, so valid, reliable and clinically relevant tools can be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Bowie
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, King's Health Partners, London, UK
| | - Oliver Brunckhorst
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, King's Health Partners, London, UK
| | - Robert Stewart
- King's College London Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK
- NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Prokar Dasgupta
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, King's Health Partners, London, UK
| | - Kamran Ahmed
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, King's Health Partners, London, UK
- Department of Urology, King's College Hospital, London, UK
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13
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Groarke A, Curtis R, Skelton J, Groarke JM. Quality of life and adjustment in men with prostate cancer: Interplay of stress, threat and resilience. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239469. [PMID: 32941547 PMCID: PMC7498057 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer can generate many challenges which impact on adjustment, so understanding the psychosocial factors which contribute to individual vulnerability to poor adaptation warrants further investigation. This study investigates stress and masculine identity threat as predictors of quality of life and emotional adjustment in men with localized prostate cancer and the role of resilience as a potential protective psychological factor. METHODS Participants were invited to complete a survey study via online prostate cancer forums. Participants were 204 men ranging in age from 44-88 years (M = 65.24±7.51) and who were diagnosed with early localized prostate cancer within the previous five years. Measures used included the Perceived Stress Scale, Cancer-Related Masculine Threat Scale and the Conor-Davidson Resilience Scale. Using a cross-sectional online survey design, the extent to which perceived stress, masculine threat and psychological resilience are associated with quality of life, positive and negative affect and distress was assessed. RESULTS Hierarchical regression analysis demonstrated that perceived stress accounted for 26%-44% of variance on quality of life and adjustment indices, with high stress associated with low mood and poor quality of life. Low masculine threat and high resilience predicted better quality of life and emotional adjustment accounting for between 1-7% of the variance. Resilience moderated the relationship between stress and distress and mediated the association between masculine threat and distress and negative affect. CONCLUSION Perceived stress was the most powerful predictor in the model and findings suggest it contributes significantly to functional and affective status in survivors of prostate cancer. Psychological resilience is a protective factor which buffers the negative effect of stress and masculine identity threat on emotional adjustment. Findings indicate that men should be screened as part of the diagnostic and treatment process for high perceived stress and low resilience to identify those at risk for poor adjustment during survivorship.
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Affiliation(s)
- AnnMarie Groarke
- School of Psychology, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Ruth Curtis
- School of Psychology, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Jean Skelton
- School of Psychology, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Jenny M. Groarke
- Centre for Improving Health-Related Quality of Life, School of Psychology, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
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14
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Sharpley CF, Christie DRH, Bitsika V. Depression and prostate cancer: implications for urologists and oncologists. Nat Rev Urol 2020; 17:571-585. [PMID: 32733038 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-020-0354-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Many patients with prostate cancer experience severe levels of depression, which can negatively affect their treatment and disease course. Some prostate cancer treatments can increase the severity of a patient's depression, for example, by increasing anhedonia and erectile dysfunction. Depression is often thought of as a unitary phenomenon, but multiple subtypes can be distinguished. This variety of manifestations challenges the successful application of universal antidepressant treatment options and argues for a multi-symptom assessment process that considers a patient's disease burden and their particular form of depression. Inclusion of screening and detailed diagnosis of depression can be argued to be part of good practice, and clinicians are urged to consider when and how this might be accomplished within their urological practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher F Sharpley
- Brain-Behaviour Research Group, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - David R H Christie
- Brain-Behaviour Research Group, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia.,Genesiscare, John Flynn Private Hospital, Tugun, Queensland, Australia
| | - Vicki Bitsika
- Brain-Behaviour Research Group, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia
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15
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Paterson C, Roberts C, Toohey K, McKie A. Prostate Cancer Prehabilitation and the Importance of Multimodal Interventions for Person-centred Care and Recovery. Semin Oncol Nurs 2020; 36:151048. [PMID: 32709485 DOI: 10.1016/j.soncn.2020.151048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer globally. Cancer prehabilitation is defined as a process on the continuum of care that occurs between the time of a cancer diagnosis and the beginning of acute treatment. This article will discuss the importance of prostate cancer prehabilitation interventions in optimising physical and psychological recovery to enhance person-centred care. DATA SOURCES Electronic databases including CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsychINFO, Scopus, professional websites, and grey literature were searched using Google Scholar. CONCLUSION Prehabilitation in cancer care aims to enhance perioperative care and recovery. An emerging field of research suggests that the preoperative period may be physically and psychologically salient to introduce modifiable self-management behaviours to optimise overall recovery. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE Prostate cancer specialist nurses provide the hub of person-centred care across the entire cancer care continuum embedded within the multidisciplinary team. Individually tailored interventions such as exercise and pelvic floor muscle training programmes, nutritional advice, anxiety and depression reduction, and sexual well-being interventions should be considered in the prehabilitation phase of the cancer care continuum.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Paterson
- School of Nursing, Midwifery, and Public Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia; ACT Health and the Canberra Health Services, Canberra ACT, Australia; Prehabilitation, Activity, Cancer, Exercise and Survivorship (PACES) Research group, University of Canberra, Canberra ACT, Australia.
| | - C Roberts
- School of Nursing, Midwifery, and Public Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia; Prehabilitation, Activity, Cancer, Exercise and Survivorship (PACES) Research group, University of Canberra, Canberra ACT, Australia
| | - K Toohey
- ACT Health and the Canberra Health Services, Canberra ACT, Australia; Prehabilitation, Activity, Cancer, Exercise and Survivorship (PACES) Research group, University of Canberra, Canberra ACT, Australia; Discipline of Sport and Exercise Science, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - A McKie
- School of Nursing, Midwifery, and Public Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia; School of Nursing, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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16
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Okoro FO, Song L, Auten B, Whitaker-Brown C, Cornelius J. African-American survivors of prostate cancer: a meta-synthesis of qualitative studies. J Cancer Surviv 2020; 15:40-53. [PMID: 32666419 DOI: 10.1007/s11764-020-00909-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to systematically review the current literature on the post-treatment survivorship experiences of African-American men with prostate cancer by exploring qualitative studies to gain a deep understanding of their survivorship experiences. METHOD We searched five databases for studies published from 2008 to 2018. We identified ten relevant qualitative studies, conducted a meta-synthesis using Noblit and Hare's meta-ethnography approach, and evaluated their quality appraisal using the validated Critical Appraisal Skills Program. RESULTS This review generated a total of four main themes and nine subthemes. The Four main themes included coping strategy, psychophysical impact, health system influence, and socioeconomic impact. Spirituality, healthy behaviors, supportive care of spouse/family/friends and non-communicating/reticent were subthemes identified in the coping strategy theme; physical well-being and sexuality and masculinity were subthemes in the psychophysical impact theme; healthcare provider interaction and treatment decision-making were subthemes identified in the health system influence theme, and health insurance status was the subtheme in the socioeconomic impact theme. CONCLUSION Our findings reveal that the experiences of African-American prostate cancer survivors are complex and multidimensional. IMPLICATIONS FOR CANCER SURVIVORS This review highlights the need for further studies with African-American prostate cancer survivors, precisely identify their needs and plan a culturally appropriate intervention to meet those needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Osita Okoro
- School of Nursing, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, 28223, USA.
| | - Lixin Song
- School of Nursing, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, UNC-CH, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Beth Auten
- J. Murrey Atkins Library, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | | | - Judy Cornelius
- School of Nursing, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, 28223, USA
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17
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Fiano RM, Merrick GS, Innes KE, Mattes MD, LeMasters TJ, Shen C, Sambamoorthi U. Associations of multimorbidity and patient-reported experiences of care with conservative management among elderly patients with localized prostate cancer. Cancer Med 2020; 9:6051-6061. [PMID: 32628817 PMCID: PMC7433828 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many elderly localized prostate cancer patients could benefit from conservative management (CM). This retrospective cohort study examined the associations of patient‐reported access to care and multimorbidity on CM use patterns among Medicare Fee‐for‐Service (FFS) beneficiaries with localized prostate cancer. Methods We used linked Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results cancer Registry, Medicare Claims, and the Medicare Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (MCAHPS) survey files. We identified FFS Medicare Beneficiaries (age ≥ 66; continuous enrollment in Parts A & B) with incident localized prostate cancer from 2003 to 2013 and a completed MCAHPS survey measuring patient‐reported experiences of care within 24 months after diagnosis (n = 496). We used multivariable models to examine MCAHPS measures (getting needed care, timeliness of care, and doctor communication) and multimorbidity on CM use. Results Localized prostate cancer patients with multimorbidity were less likely to use CM (adjusted odds ratio (AOR)=0.42 (0.27‐ 0.66), P < .001); those with higher scores on timeliness of care (AOR = 1.21 (1.09, 1.35), P < .001), higher education attainment (3.21 = AOR (1.50,6.89), P = .003), and impaired mental health status (4.32 = AOR (1.86, 10.1) P < .001) were more likely to use CM. Conclusion(s) Patient‐reported experience with timely care was significantly and positively associated with CM use. Multimorbidity was significantly and inversely associated with CM use. Addressing specific modifiable barriers to timely care along the cancer continuum for elderly localized prostate cancer patients with limited life expectancy could reduce the adverse effects of overtreatment on health outcomes and costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M Fiano
- Wheeling Hospital, Urologic Research Institute, Schiffler Cancer Center, Wheeling, WV, USA.,West Virginia Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Gregory S Merrick
- Wheeling Hospital, Urologic Research Institute, Schiffler Cancer Center, Wheeling, WV, USA
| | - Kim E Innes
- Department of Epidemiology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Malcolm D Mattes
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Traci J LeMasters
- West Virginia University School of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Systems & Policy, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Chan Shen
- Penn State Health Milton S Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Usha Sambamoorthi
- West Virginia University School of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Systems & Policy, Morgantown, WV, USA
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18
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Dräger DL. Wirksamkeit und Sicherheit des psychosozialen Screenings und des psychoonkologischen Unterstützungsbedarfs von Krebspatienten. Urologe A 2020; 59:718-722. [DOI: 10.1007/s00120-020-01214-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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19
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Luo D, Eicher M, White K. Individual resilience in adult cancer care: A concept analysis. Int J Nurs Stud 2020; 102:103467. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2019.103467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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20
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Marek RJ, Markey CH, Porcerelli JH. Assessment of Personality and Psychopathology in Healthcare Settings: Introduction to the Special Section. J Pers Assess 2020; 102:149-152. [PMID: 31961752 DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2020.1713140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Healthcare in the United States has increasingly benefited from the adoption of multidisciplinary providers. Many multidisciplinary teams include psychologists who often conduct psychological and personality assessments in their practice. This special section highlights areas of personality and psychological assessment in applied healthcare contexts. Nghiem and colleagues review the psychometric performance of various personality and psychopathology instruments and provide recommendations for the assessment of solid organ transplant evaluations. Gottschling and colleagues present a culturally adapted screener for anxiety-related symptoms in geriatric adults that can easily be administered in various healthcare settings. Perry and colleagues provide a rationale and method for including a brief personality assessment for patients with cancer. McCord presents a broadband screener, the Multidimensional Behavioral Health Screen (MBHS), that assesses 9 components of psychopathology. Mitchell and colleagues provide evidence for using the MBHS in primary care clinics as an alternative to the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. This special section provides evidence-based information regarding personality and psychological assessments that will likely be useful in varied healthcare contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Marek
- College of Human Sciences and Humanities, University of Houston-Clear Lake
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21
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Abstract
This research was done to find if using maximum likelihood could reduce the Interactive Optimism Scale-Garcia to a new valid and reliable shorter version. There were 502 adults: 263 women and 239 men (Mage = 34.67, SD = 12.27). It was used in confirmatory factor analysis. A four-item scale is obtained, having excellent goodness of fit: [χ2/df = .609, GFI (Jöreskog and Sörbom's Goodness-of-Fit Index) = .999, NFI (Normed Fit Index) = .999, CFI (Bentler's Comparative Fit Index) = 1.000, RMSEA (Steiger-Lind root mean square error of approximation) = .000 (90% CI = .0001, .077); SRMR (standardized root mean square residual) = .007], as well as factorial invariance across sexes; the scale has good internal consistency (ω = .869, α = .858, ordinal α = .906). Brief Interactive Optimism Scale-G correlates significantly with self-esteem (r = .779, p < . 01, 95% CI [.816, .736]), depression (r = -.810, p < .01, 95% CI [.843, .772]), and psychopathy (r = -.670, p < . 01, 95% CI [.723, .611]). In conclusion, Brief Interactive Optimism Scale-G is a good option for measuring optimism in Mexicans.
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22
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Zahid N, Khalid W, Ahmad K, Bhamani SS, Azam I, Asad N, Jabbar AA, Khan M, Enam A. Resilience and quality of life (QoL) of head and neck cancer and brain tumour survivors in Pakistan: an analytical cross-sectional study protocol. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e029084. [PMID: 31542743 PMCID: PMC6756343 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-029084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer is a devastating disease and has detrimental effects on the quality of life (QoL) of cancer survivors and interferes with their treatment compliance. The aim of the study is to assess resilience and QoL among cancer survivors and to evaluate the important factors affecting their resilience and QoL, with respect to the Pakistani cultural context. METHOD AND ANALYSIS A cross-sectional study will be conducted at a tertiary care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan. A minimum sample size of 250 head and neck cancers and 250 brain tumour survivors with 10% inflation for non-response rate will be required. The SD of QoL and resilience will range from 16.5 to 40.8 for head and neck cancer, and 12.7 to 34.1 for brain tumour, at 5% level of significance, with 2.5 precision. QoL will be assessed by European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) QLQ-C30, EORTC QLQ-H&N35 and EORTC QLQ-BN20 and resilience will be evaluated by Wagnild and Young's 14-item scale. Mean±SD will be reported for resilience and QoL scores. Unadjusted and adjusted β-coefficients, with 95% CI, will be reported by using multiple linear regression analysis. Correlation analysis will also be performed using Pearson or Spearman rank correlation coefficients. A p value of <0.05 will be considered significant. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethical approval has been obtained from the Aga Khan University Pakistan's Ethical Review Committee. Written informed consent will be taken from the participants by trained research assistants. A trained psychologist will provide on-spot counselling to the participants and those identified with severe depression will be referred to a psychiatrist. The study materials will be kept under lock and key and the electronic data base will be password protected and will only be accessed by the research team. The study findings will be disseminated through publications conferences and workshops and research briefs. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER Clinicaltrials.gov registry (NCT03466762).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nida Zahid
- Department of Surgery, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Wardah Khalid
- Department of Surgery, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Khabir Ahmad
- Department of Surgery, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Iqbal Azam
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Nargis Asad
- Department of Psychiatry, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Mumtaz Khan
- Department of Surgery, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Ather Enam
- Department of Surgery, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
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23
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Perry LM, Hoerger M, Molix LA, Duberstein PR. A Validation Study of the Mini-IPIP Five-Factor Personality Scale in Adults With Cancer. J Pers Assess 2019; 102:153-163. [PMID: 31403328 DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2019.1644341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The Mini International Personality Item Pool (Mini-IPIP) is a brief measure of the Five-Factor Model of personality with documented validity in healthy samples of adults and could be useful for assessing personality in patient populations such as individuals with cancer. The purpose of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Mini-IPIP in 2 samples of adults with cancer. A sample of 369 (Sample 1) and a sample of 459 (Sample 2) adults with cancer completed an online survey including the Mini-IPIP. To assess criterion validity, Sample 2 completed measures of emotional distress. Analyses included internal consistency (Samples 1 and 2), confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs; Samples 1 and 2), and correlations and a structural regression model to examine the associations between the 5 personality factors and emotional distress (Sample 2 only). Results showed that the Mini-IPIP demonstrated levels of internal consistency and CFA model fit that were similar to previous validation studies conducted in the general population. Consistent with prior research and theory, this study also found that personality factors measured by the Mini-IPIP were associated with measures of emotional distress in Sample 2. These findings suggest the potential utility of the Mini-IPIP in both research and clinical settings involving individuals with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Hoerger
- Department of Psychology, Tulane University.,Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Tulane University
| | | | - Paul R Duberstein
- Department of Health Behavior, Society and Policy, Rutgers School of Public Health
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24
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Rönningås U, Fransson P, Holm M, Wennman-Larsen A. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and distress: - a cross-sectional nationwide survey in men with prostate cancer in Sweden. BMC Urol 2019; 19:66. [PMID: 31299962 PMCID: PMC6626380 DOI: 10.1186/s12894-019-0493-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The prostate-specific antigen (PSA) -value is often used during the prostate cancer trajectory as a marker of progression or response to treatment. Concerns about PSA-values are often expressed by patients in clinical situations. Today there is a lack of larger studies that have investigated the association between PSA-value and distress. The aim was to investigate the association between PSA-values and distress adjusted for sociodemographic factors, hormonal therapy and quality of life (QoL), among men with prostate cancer. Methods In this cross-sectional survey of 3165 men with prostate cancer, members of the Swedish Prostate Cancer Federation, answered questions about sociodemographic factors, PSA, distress, QoL and treatments. Descriptive statistics, and bivariate and multivariable analyses were performed. The result was presented based on four PSA-value groups: 0–19, 20–99, 100–999, and ≥ 1000 ng/ml. Results Of the men, 53% experienced distress. An association between distress and PSA-values was found where higher PSA-values were associated with higher OR:s for experiencing distress in the different PSA-groups: 0–19 ng/ml (ref 1), 20–99 ng/ml (OR 1.25, 95% CI 1.01–1.55), 100–999 ng/ml (OR 1.47, 95% CI 1.12–1.94), ≥1000 ng/ml (OR 1.77, 95% CI 1.11–2.85). These associations were adjusted for sociodemographic factors and hormonal therapy. In the multivariable analyses, beside PSA-values, higher levels of distress were associated with being without partner or hormonal therapy. When adding QoL in the multivariable analysis, the association between PSA and distress did not remain significant. Conclusion These results indicate that the PSA-values are associated with distress, especially for those with higher values. However, to be able to support these men, continued research is needed to gain more knowledge about the mechanisms behind the association between emotional distress and PSA-values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrika Rönningås
- Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Department of Oncology, Sundsvall County Hospital, 851 86, Sundsvall, Sweden. .,Department of Nursing Science, Sophiahemmet University, 114 86, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Per Fransson
- Department of Nursing, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden.,Cancercentrum, Norrlands University Hospital, 901 85, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Maja Holm
- Department of Nursing Science, Sophiahemmet University, 114 86, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Agneta Wennman-Larsen
- Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Nursing Science, Sophiahemmet University, 114 86, Stockholm, Sweden
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Heo J, Noh OK, Chun M, Oh YT, Kim L. Psychological distress among prostate cancer survivors in South Korea: A nationwide population-based, longitudinal study. Asia Pac J Clin Oncol 2019; 16:e125-e130. [PMID: 31069946 DOI: 10.1111/ajco.13160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM This time-dependent study aimed to analyze the prevalence of psychological distress in prostate cancer survivors by using claims data in South Korea. METHODS In a nationwide cohort, 32 005 patients were identified who were diagnosed with prostate cancer between January 2010 and December 2014. We referred the diagnostic codes of mental disorders as psychological distress. We categorized the prevalence of psychological distress based on age and specific times before and after the cancer diagnosis. RESULTS The median age at diagnosis of prostate cancer was 70 years. Among 32 005 patients, 3074 (9.6%) were diagnosed at least once with a mental disorder between 1 year before the cancer diagnosis and the last follow-up. Among the first diagnoses of each patient, the common mental disorders were anxiety (39.1%) and depression (33.0%). In the total cohort, there were 54 666 claims for mental disorders and over 48.0% (26 256) were for depression. The frequency of psychological distress peaked just before cancer diagnosis. Anxiety was frequent before diagnosis of prostate cancer, whereas depression was frequent after diagnosis. Although stress reaction/adjustment disorders were relatively high in the younger group, depression was relatively high in the elderly group. CONCLUSION Psychological distress in prostate cancer survivors showed different patterns of prevalence between before and after cancer diagnosis, as well as between age groups. Timely diagnosis and intervention for mental health could promote quality of life for prostate cancer survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaesung Heo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - O Kyu Noh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Informatics, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea.,Office of Biostatistics, Ajou Research Institute for Innovation Medicine, Ajou University Medical Center, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Mison Chun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Taek Oh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Logyoung Kim
- Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Acevedo‐Ibarra JN, Juárez‐García DM, Espinoza‐Velazco A, Buenaventura‐Cisneros S. Cognitive Behavioral Stress Management intervention in Mexican colorectal cancer patients: Pilot study. Psychooncology 2019; 28:1445-1452. [DOI: 10.1002/pon.5094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Noemí Acevedo‐Ibarra
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Faculty of Psychology Monterrey México
- UMAE Hospital de Especialidades No. 25Centro Médico Nacional del Noreste, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Department of Oncology Monterrey México
| | | | - Absalón Espinoza‐Velazco
- UMAE Hospital de Especialidades No. 25Centro Médico Nacional del Noreste, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Department of Oncology Monterrey México
| | - Sergio Buenaventura‐Cisneros
- UMAE Hospital de Especialidades No. 25Centro Médico Nacional del Noreste, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Department of Oncology Monterrey México
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Groarke A, Curtis R, Walsh DMJ, Sullivan FJ. What predicts emotional response in men awaiting prostate biopsy? BMC Urol 2018; 18:27. [PMID: 29699543 PMCID: PMC5922026 DOI: 10.1186/s12894-018-0340-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Incidence of prostate cancer is increasing as opportunistic screening becomes widespread and life expectancy rises. Despite screening availability, research reveals conflicting results on medical outcomes, for example, disease specific mortality. However the gold standard in early diagnosis of potentially curable organ confined prostate cancer is transrectal ultrasound-guided systematic prostate biopsy (TRUS-BX). While focus has been given to medical sequalae there is a paucity of research on the psychological impact of biopsy. Awaiting biopsy may be inherently stressful but no studies to date, have assessed men’s perception of stress and its impact on emotional response. This study, therefore, examines the role of stress and also personal resources namely, self-efficacy and sense of coherence in emotional adjustment in men awaiting a prostate biopsy. Methods Men attending a Rapid Access Prostate Cancer Clinic for a transrectal prostate biopsy (N = 114) participated in the study. They completed self report questionnaires on perceived stress (PSS), generalised self-efficacy (GSES), and sense of coherence (SOC). Adjustment was measured by the Profile of Mood States (POMS-B) which assesses tension, depression, anger, fatigue, confusion and vigour. Results Hierarchical regression analyses demonstrated that the set of predictors accounted for 17%–34% of variance across six mood states and predicted 46% of total mood disturbance. Perceived stress explained variance on all domains (11%–26%) with high stress linked to poor functioning. Conclusion Perceived stress was the strongest and most consistent predictor of emotional adjustment. This is an important finding as stress appraisal has not been examined previously in this context and suggests that stress management is an important target to enhance emotional wellbeing of men attending for a prostate biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- AnnMarie Groarke
- School of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.
| | - Ruth Curtis
- School of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Deirdre M J Walsh
- School of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Francis J Sullivan
- Prostate Cancer Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
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Perry LM, Hoerger M, Silberstein J, Sartor O, Duberstein P. Understanding the distressed prostate cancer patient: Role of personality. Psychooncology 2018; 27:810-816. [PMID: 29125208 PMCID: PMC6626617 DOI: 10.1002/pon.4579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the relationship between personality and emotional distress in prostate cancer. Neuroticism and introversion were hypothesized to be associated with clinically significant symptoms of emotional distress, including depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation. METHODS Men with a history of prostate cancer (n = 212) completed an NIH-funded cross-sectional study using well-validated measures of personality, depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation. Covariates were age, education, time since diagnosis, comorbidity, and presence of metastases. RESULTS Emotional distress was reported by 37% of participants, including depression (23%), anxiety (15%), and suicidal ideation (10%). As hypothesized, men who were more neurotic were more likely to report emotional distress (44.5% vs 26.9%; OR = 2.78, P = .004), depression (31.9% vs 11.8%; OR = 4.23, P = .001), and suicidal ideation (29.4% vs 9.7%; OR = 4.15, P = .001). Introverts were more likely to report emotional distress (45.2% vs 28.7%; OR = 2.32, P = .012) and depression (30.8% vs 15.7%; OR = 2.57, P = .014). Men with metastases were more likely to report emotional distress (51.7% vs 31.2%; OR = 4.56, P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Neuroticism and introversion were associated with clinically significant emotional distress in men with prostate cancer. Findings suggest that, in the context of treatment for prostate cancer, patient distress reflects disease characteristics (eg, metastases presence) as well as stable personality traits. Implications for clinical care are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Hoerger
- Tulane University, New Orleans, LA
- Tulane Cancer Center, New Orleans, LA
| | | | - Oliver Sartor
- Tulane University, New Orleans, LA
- Tulane Cancer Center, New Orleans, LA
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Montel S, Clark K, Loscalzo M. Elevated distress, race/ethnicity age, education, income, and type of cancer: It is complicated. Psychooncology 2017; 27:1334-1337. [DOI: 10.1002/pon.4594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastien Montel
- Sheri & Les Biller Patient and Family Resource Center; Department of Supportive Medicine; City of Hope, Duarte CA USA
| | - Karen Clark
- Sheri & Les Biller Patient and Family Resource Center; Department of Supportive Medicine; City of Hope, Duarte CA USA
| | - Matthew Loscalzo
- Sheri & Les Biller Patient and Family Resource Center; Department of Supportive Medicine; City of Hope, Duarte CA USA
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The impact of prostate cancer diagnosis and treatment decision-making on health-related quality of life before treatment onset. Support Care Cancer 2017; 26:1297-1304. [PMID: 29127529 PMCID: PMC5847026 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-017-3953-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Objective The objective of this study is to test if patients’ health-related quality of life (HRQoL) declines after prostate biopsy to detect Pca, and after subsequent treatment decision-making in case Pca is confirmed, and to test whether personality state and traits are associated with these potential changes in HRQoL. Methods Patients who were scheduled for prostate biopsy to detect Pca (N = 377) filled out a baseline questionnaire about HRQoL (EORTC QLQ-C30 and PR25), “big five” personality traits (BFI-10), optimism (LOT-r), and self-efficacy (Decision Self-efficacy Scale) (t0). Patients with confirmed Pca (N = 126) filled out a follow-up questionnaire on HRQoL within 2 weeks after treatment was chosen but had not yet started (t1). Results HRQoL declined between t0 and t1, reflected in impaired role and cognitive functioning, and elevated fatigue, constipation, and prostate-specific symptoms. Sexual activity and functioning improved. Baseline HRQoL scores were unrelated to the selection of a particular treatment, but for patients who chose a curative treatment, post-decision HRQoL showed a greater decline compared to patients who chose active surveillance. Optimism was associated with HRQoL at baseline; decisional self-efficacy was positively associated with HRQoL at follow-up. No associations between HRQoL and the “big five” personality traits were found. Conclusion Patients who have undergone prostate biopsy and treatment decision-making for Pca experience a decline in HRQoL. Choosing treatment with a curative intent was associated with greater decline in HRQoL. Interventions aimed at optimism and decision self-efficacy could be helpful to reduce HRQoL impairment around the time of prostate biopsy and treatment decision-making.
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31
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Spendelow JS, Eli Joubert H, Lee H, Fairhurst BR. Coping and adjustment in men with prostate cancer: a systematic review of qualitative studies. J Cancer Surviv 2017; 12:155-168. [PMID: 29063497 PMCID: PMC5884891 DOI: 10.1007/s11764-017-0654-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common forms of cancer amongst males. Men’s coping responses are an important determinant of functioning and adjustment to this disease. Previous qualitative research exists in this area, but the current review sought to systematically review and summarise these studies. Methods A systematic review was conducted to identify studies concerned with men’s coping strategies in their attempts to live with PCa. A search of relevant electronic databases was conducted to identify studies that met inclusion criteria for this review. Methodological quality assessment was also undertaken for each included study. Results One hundred twenty-one publications were identified for initial screening, and 18 studies were included in the review. A total of five coping strategy categories or ‘meta-themes’ were identified across included studies. These categories were labelled ‘avoidance, minimisation, and withdrawal’, ‘directing cognition and attention’, ‘reframing masculinity and seeking support’, ‘retain pre-illness identity and lifestyle’, and ‘symptom/side-effect management’. Conclusions A range of coping strategies were reported by men with PCa. Some of these strategies appear to be partially influenced by gender roles and masculinities. Coping meta-themes reported in this review have also been found in other research on men’s coping. Strategies relating to flexible interpretation of gender roles/masculinities may be a particularly relevant category of coping responses due to the hypothesised beneficial impact of flexibility on psychological well-being. Implications for cancer survivors PCa survivors utilise a range of coping strategies, and the types of strategies used may have implications for men’s well-being. The ability to be flexible in both coping responses used, and in the view of oneself as a man may be particularly important skills in meeting the challenges associated with this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - H Eli Joubert
- School of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Haymond Lee
- School of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK
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Schou-Bredal I, Heir T, Skogstad L, Bonsaksen T, Lerdal A, Grimholt T, Ekeberg Ø. Population-based norms of the Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R). Int J Clin Health Psychol 2017; 17:216-224. [PMID: 30487897 PMCID: PMC6220921 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijchp.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/Objective: The most common used instrument to measure optimism, both in psychological and medical research, is the Life Orientation Test- Revised (LOT-R). A multi-countries study using the future item from the LOT-R, found that level of optimism varied between countries. The provision of population-based norms is necessary, since norms enable the application of the LOT-R in individual diagnosis to compare individuals or special patient groups' scores with reference data. Method: A representative population based survey was conducted in 2014-2015. Norwegian aged 18-94 years (N = 1,792) completed questionnaires assessing sociodemographic, optimism and health and quality of life. Results: The mean age was 53.2 (SD = 16.6) and 53% were women. Mean LOT-R score was 17.2 (SD 3.0). There were marginal age and no gender differences. Although optimism was associated with sociodemographic variables, these were considered negligible due to small effect size. Norm data are given for the entire population. Optimism was associated with better health and quality of life. Conclusions: This study provides age and gender specific norm values from a representative sample of the Norwegian population. The normative data may be used in comparisons of optimism between individuals or between different samples of patients or sub-groups of people.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Laila Skogstad
- Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Norway
| | - Tore Bonsaksen
- Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Science, Norway
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Apenteng BA, Hansen AR, Opoku ST, Mase WA. Racial Disparities in Emotional Distress Among Cancer Survivors: Insights from the Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS). JOURNAL OF CANCER EDUCATION : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR CANCER EDUCATION 2017; 32:556-565. [PMID: 26801510 DOI: 10.1007/s13187-016-0984-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of race, cancer history, and their interaction on emotional distress among a nationally representative sample of US adults. Data utilized for this analysis were obtained from the first, second, and fourth iterations of the fourth cycle of the Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS). The study sample included 3959, 3630, and 3677 respondents for the years 2011, 2012, and 2014, respectively, for a total sample size of 11,266. A multivariable ordered logistic regression model was used to assess the relationship between emotional distress, race, and cancer history. The effect of cancer history on emotional distress was found to be moderated by race. Specifically, emotional distress was significantly higher among African American cancer survivors. Factors found to be protective against emotional distress included healthy lifestyle, older age, and higher income. Factors associated with high levels of emotional distress included poor general health status, low self-efficacy, and being female. The authors recommend the design, advancement, and implementation of evidence-based culturally sensitive interventions aimed at effectively screening and managing psychological distress symptoms, particularly among African American long-term cancer survivor patient populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettye A Apenteng
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health, Georgia Southern University, P.O. Box 8015, Statesboro, GA, 30460, USA
| | - Andrew R Hansen
- Department of Community Health Behavior and Education, Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health, Georgia Southern University, P.O. Box 8015, Statesboro, GA, 30460, USA.
| | - Samuel T Opoku
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health, Georgia Southern University, P.O. Box 8015, Statesboro, GA, 30460, USA
| | - William A Mase
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health, Georgia Southern University, P.O. Box 8015, Statesboro, GA, 30460, USA
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Dräger DL, Harke NN, Sievert KD, Protzel C, Hakenberg OW. [Psychosocial stress in patients with prostate cancer : Experiences by using psychooncological screening questionnaires]. Urologe A 2017; 56:1445-1449. [PMID: 28766004 DOI: 10.1007/s00120-017-0458-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer is the most common malignancy in men and accounts for most surgical procedures in uro-oncology. Stressful sequelae of radical prostatectomy are incontinence and erectile dysfunction. Hormone ablation and radiation therapy are also known stressors. Mental stress has a low prevalence compared to other tumor entities. It is highly probable that there is an underexpression of verbally reported emotional experiences. Therefore, a low-threshold access to psycho-oncological services and accurate identification of patients with mental comorbidities is important. The aim of this study was to identify the distress level with clarification of the stress in patients with prostate cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Prospective evaluation of prostate cancer patients (n = 81, mean age 69 years) with regard to stress level, stress factors and the need for care using the Distress Thermometer, a standardized ultrashort stress-screening questionnaire. RESULTS The mean stress level was 4.4 points. In total, 56% of patients indicated a stress level ≥5, i. e. a clinically relevant psychological burden was indicated. Main stressors were sexual problems (35%), reduced mobility (30%), pain (27.5%), tingling paresthesia (26%) and worries (26%). CONCLUSION The psychological burden of prostate cancer patients is not as high as in other solid organ malignancies. However, some patients have a significantly increased psychosocial stress level. Identifying this subgroup and clarifying the correlation with specific stress and risk factors are important tasks of clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- D L Dräger
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Urologie, Universitätsmedizin Rostock, Schillingallee 35, 18057, Rostock, Deutschland.
| | - N N Harke
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Urologie, Universitätsmedizin Rostock, Schillingallee 35, 18057, Rostock, Deutschland
| | - K-D Sievert
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Urologie, Universitätsmedizin Rostock, Schillingallee 35, 18057, Rostock, Deutschland
| | - C Protzel
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Urologie, Universitätsmedizin Rostock, Schillingallee 35, 18057, Rostock, Deutschland
| | - O W Hakenberg
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Urologie, Universitätsmedizin Rostock, Schillingallee 35, 18057, Rostock, Deutschland
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Differences in distress severity among oncology patients treated by a consultation–liaison service. A five-year survey in Germany. THE EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpsy.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Imm KR, Williams F, Housten AJ, Colditz GA, Drake BF, Gilbert KL, Yang L. African American prostate cancer survivorship: Exploring the role of social support in quality of life after radical prostatectomy. J Psychosoc Oncol 2017; 35:409-423. [PMID: 28398149 PMCID: PMC5683844 DOI: 10.1080/07347332.2017.1294641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: The aim of this study was to explore the African American prostate cancer survivorship experience following radical prostatectomy and factors contributing to quality of life during survival. Design: African American men who were part of a larger prostate cancer cohort were invited to participate in a focus group. Eighteen open-ended questions were designed by the study team and an experienced moderator to elicit participants' survivorship experiences. Results: Twelve men consented to participate in the study. Emergent themes included views of prostate cancer in the African American community, perceptions of normalcy, emotional side effects following radical prostatectomy, and social support involvement and impact during recovery. Conclusions: Previous findings suggest that African American men may experience more distress than Caucasian men when facing typical prostate cancer side effects. Traditional masculine role norms and negative perceptions of “disease disclosure” in the African American community could be contributing to the distress reported by some in this study. Strengthening social support systems by promoting more prosocial coping and help-seeking behaviors early in the survivorship journey may help bypass the detrimental health effects associated with masculine role identification, resulting in improved quality of life throughout the lengthy survival period anticipated for these men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kellie R Imm
- a Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery , Washington University School of Medicine , Saint Louis , MO , USA
| | - Faustine Williams
- a Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery , Washington University School of Medicine , Saint Louis , MO , USA.,b Department of Health Services Management and Policy , East Tennessee State University , Johnson City , TN , USA
| | - Ashley J Housten
- a Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery , Washington University School of Medicine , Saint Louis , MO , USA.,c Division of Cancer Prevention & Population Sciences, Department of Health Services Research , University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Graham A Colditz
- a Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery , Washington University School of Medicine , Saint Louis , MO , USA.,d Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center , Saint Louis , MO , USA
| | - Bettina F Drake
- a Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery , Washington University School of Medicine , Saint Louis , MO , USA.,d Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center , Saint Louis , MO , USA
| | - Keon L Gilbert
- e Department of Behavioral Science and Health Education , Saint Louis University , Saint Louis , MO , USA
| | - Lin Yang
- a Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery , Washington University School of Medicine , Saint Louis , MO , USA.,f Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health , Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
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Trudel-Fitzgerald C, Savard J, Slim LM, Roy RC, Flett GL, Hewitt PL, Ivers H. The relationship of perfectionism with psychological symptoms in cancer patients and the contributing role of hyperarousability and coping. Psychol Health 2017; 32:381-401. [PMID: 28097876 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2016.1273354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Significant levels of anxiety, depression and insomnia symptoms are found in cancer patients. Perfectionism, arousability and coping have been associated with these psychological symptoms in the general population but their role among cancer patients remains to be assessed. This study examined the longitudinal relationships between perfectionism and psychological symptoms (anxiety, depression, insomnia), and the intermediate role of the arousability trait and coping strategies. DESIGN Participants (N = 853) completed the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale, the Coping with Health Injuries and Problems questionnaire and the Arousal Predisposition Scale at the perioperative period (T1), and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and the Insomnia Severity Index two months later (T2). RESULTS Higher levels of perfectionism (T1) were correlated with greater symptoms of anxiety, depression and insomnia (T2). Moderated mediation models indicated that arousability contributed to the association of perfectionism with all symptoms, with stronger associations found in men than in women. Coping was a significant pathway between perfectionism and anxiety, with associations of a comparable magnitude across sexes. CONCLUSION If these results are replicated by future longitudinal studies, they would suggest that perfectionist cancer patients are at a higher risk of experiencing psychological symptoms, partly through their hyperarousability and the coping strategies they use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Trudel-Fitzgerald
- a School of Psychology , Université Laval , Québec , Canada.,b Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval , Québec , Canada.,c Université Laval Cancer Research Center , Québec , Canada
| | - Josée Savard
- a School of Psychology , Université Laval , Québec , Canada.,b Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval , Québec , Canada.,c Université Laval Cancer Research Center , Québec , Canada
| | - Lisa-Maria Slim
- a School of Psychology , Université Laval , Québec , Canada.,b Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval , Québec , Canada.,c Université Laval Cancer Research Center , Québec , Canada
| | - Renée-Claude Roy
- a School of Psychology , Université Laval , Québec , Canada.,b Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval , Québec , Canada.,c Université Laval Cancer Research Center , Québec , Canada
| | - Gordon L Flett
- d Faculty of Health, Department of Psychology , York University , Toronto , Canada
| | - Paul L Hewitt
- e Department of Psychology , University of British Columbia , Vancouver , Canada
| | - Hans Ivers
- a School of Psychology , Université Laval , Québec , Canada.,b Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval , Québec , Canada.,c Université Laval Cancer Research Center , Québec , Canada
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Orom H, Underwood W, Cheng Z, Homish DL, Scott I. Relationships as Medicine: Quality of the Physician-Patient Relationship Determines Physician Influence on Treatment Recommendation Adherence. Health Serv Res 2016; 53:580-596. [PMID: 27981559 DOI: 10.1111/1475-6773.12629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether quality of physician-patient relationships influences uptake of physician treatment recommendations in men with clinically localized prostate cancer (PCa). STUDY SETTING Data were collected July 2010 to August 2014 at two cancer centers and three community facilities. STUDY DESIGN Analyses were prospective and cross-sectional. We modeled associations between quality of the patient-physician relationship and influence of physician recommendations on treatment choice using generalized estimating equations (GEE). DATA COLLECTION Data were collected via survey and medical record abstraction. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Participants (N = 1166) were 14.7 percent minority; 37.1 percent had low-, 47.5 percent had intermediate-, and 15.4 percent had high-risk PCa. Those reporting a better physician-patient relationship perceived that their physician's treatment recommendation was more influential (RR = 1.05, 95 percent CI = 1.04-1.05, p < .001) and were more likely to choose the recommended treatment (OR = 2.92, 95 percent CI = 2.39, 3.58, p < .001). A pattern of interactions emerged indicating that quality of the physician-patient relationship was more strongly associated with influence of recommendations for more, versus less aggressive treatment in those with low-risk, but not intermediate-risk disease. CONCLUSIONS Prioritizing quality of the physician-patient relationship through training, practice change, and patient feedback may increase adherence. However, strategies need to align with efforts to reduce physician recommendations for inefficacious treatments to prevent overtreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Orom
- Department of Community Health and Health Behavior, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY
| | - Willie Underwood
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY
| | - Zinan Cheng
- Touro College of Osteopathic Medicine, Middletown, NY
| | - D Lynn Homish
- Department of Community Health and Health Behavior, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY
| | - I'Yanna Scott
- Department of Community Health and Health Behavior, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY
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Orom H, Underwood W, Biddle C. Emotional Distress Increases the Likelihood of Undergoing Surgery among Men with Localized Prostate Cancer. J Urol 2016; 197:350-355. [PMID: 27506694 DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2016.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We determined whether among men with clinically localized prostate cancer, particularly men with low risk disease, greater emotional distress increases the likelihood of undergoing surgery vs radiation or active surveillance. MATERIALS AND METHODS Participants were 1,531 patients recruited from 2 academic and 3 community facilities (nonHispanic white 83%, nonHispanic black 11% and Hispanic 6%; low risk 36%, intermediate risk 49% and high risk 15%; choice of active surveillance 24%, radiation 27% and surgery 48%). Emotional distress was assessed shortly after diagnosis and after men made a treatment decision with the Distress Thermometer. We used multinomial logistic regression with robust standard errors to test if emotional distress at either point predicted treatment choice in the sample as a whole and after stratifying by D'Amico risk score. RESULTS In the sample as a whole the participants who were more emotionally distressed at diagnosis were more likely to choose surgery over active surveillance (RRR 1.07; 95% CI 1.01, 1.14; p=0.02). Men who were more distressed close to the time they made a treatment choice were more likely to have chosen surgery over active surveillance (RRR 1.16; 95% CI 1.09, 1.24; p <0.001) or surgery over radiation (RRR 1.12; 95% CI 1.05, 1.19; p=0.001). This pattern was also found in men with low risk disease. CONCLUSIONS Emotional distress may motivate men with low risk prostate cancer to choose more aggressive treatment. Addressing emotional distress before and during treatment decision making may reduce a barrier to the uptake of active surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Orom
- University at Buffalo (CB), Buffalo, New York; Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York.
| | - Willie Underwood
- University at Buffalo (CB), Buffalo, New York; Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Caitlin Biddle
- University at Buffalo (CB), Buffalo, New York; Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
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Ernstmann N, Weissbach L, Herden J, Winter N, Ansmann L. Patient-physician communication and health-related quality of life of patients with localised prostate cancer undergoing radical prostatectomy - a longitudinal multilevel analysis. BJU Int 2016; 119:396-405. [PMID: 27037732 DOI: 10.1111/bju.13495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine whether patient-physician communication is associated with health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in a sample of patients with localised prostate cancer undergoing radical prostatectomy (RP). PATIENTS AND METHODS HAROW (Hormonal therapy, Active Surveillance, Radiation, Operation, Watchful Waiting) is a prospective, observational study designed to collect data of the different treatment options for newly diagnosed patients with localised prostate cancer under real-life conditions. At 6-months intervals, clinical data (D'Amico risk categories, Charlson comorbidity index), aspects of patient-provider communication (standardised psychosocial-care instrument for patients' assessment of communication; Cologne Patient Questionnaire), and HRQoL (European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire) were assessed. Data were analysed by longitudinal multilevel analysis. RESULTS Completed questionnaires for 1772 patients undergoing a RP were analysed over a 3-year follow-up period. Patients rated the patient-provider communication generally high with slight variations over the course of treatment (3.2-3.8). The HRQoL of the patients varied substantial over time and between the reported subscales (global HRQoL 71.1-77.2; physical functioning 89.1-92.1; role functioning 81.0-88.1; emotional functioning 74.4-84.0; cognitive functioning 84.3-87.7; social functioning (77.7-84.0). The longitudinal multilevel models showed significant associations between patient-provider communication in terms of devotion, support and shared decision-making, and functional aspects of HRQoL. CONCLUSION Patient-provider communication is a valuable resource to support patients with prostate cancer coping with the disease and to improve their HRQoL. Future interventions should be designed especially for urologists to enhance their awareness for the importance of communication and the relationship with their patients with prostate cancer for treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Ernstmann
- Center for Health Communication and Health Services Research, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, Germany, Bonn
| | | | - Jan Herden
- Department of Urology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Nicola Winter
- Department of Urology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lena Ansmann
- Institute for Medical Sociology, Health Services Research and Rehabilitation Science (IMVR), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Avvenuti G, Baiardini I, Giardini A. Optimism's Explicative Role for Chronic Diseases. Front Psychol 2016; 7:295. [PMID: 26973582 PMCID: PMC4773598 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing interest about dispositional optimism's role in health status and its positive modulating effect on health outcomes has led to a remarkable scientific production in the last decade. To date lot is known for which diseases optimism is relevant, instead much less is known about how optimism interacts with other factors, both biological and psychological, in determining health status. The aim of this mini review is to explore the literature derived from clinical and experimental research assessing the associations between dispositional optimism and health status. Dispositional optimism can be considered as facet of personality that is cognitive in nature which holds the global expectation that the future will be plenty of good events. Optimists view desired goals as obtainable, so they often confront adversities in active manners resulting in perseverance and increased goal attainment. Only studies that explicitly included optimism and health outcomes, as measurable variables, and that reported a clear association between them have been reviewed. Cancer, cardiovascular disease, respiratory failure, and aging with multimorbidity were considered. Among the possible explicative hypotheses, two seem to best describe results: optimism may have a direct effect on the neuroendocrine system and on immune responses, and it may have an indirect effect on health outcomes by promoting protective health behaviors, adaptive coping strategies and enhancing positive mood. The research on optimism and health status has already shed light on important mechanisms regarding chronic diseases' management, however, further studies are needed to deepen the knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Avvenuti
- Psychology Unit, Scientific Institute of Montescano, Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Montescano, Italy
| | - Ilaria Baiardini
- Allergy and Respiratory Diseases Clinic, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa - IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST Genova, Italy
| | - Anna Giardini
- Psychology Unit, Scientific Institute of Montescano, Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Montescano, Italy
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