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Severo M, Ventriglio A, Bhugra D, Petito A. Psychobiological screening among patients affected by prostate cancer: Identification of potential psychobiological markers. Ind Psychiatry J 2023; 32:S273-S276. [PMID: 38370936 PMCID: PMC10871439 DOI: 10.4103/ipj.ipj_212_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a common oncological disease of old age with the highest rates of incidence among males older than 65 years old. Diagnosis and treatment may be associated with the onset of adjustment, depressive, and anxiety disorders. The comorbidity with depression and anxiety may lead to a higher risk of suicide, and mortality as well as lower adherence to medical treatments and adverse functional outcomes in patients affected by urologic cancers. The role of genetic vulnerability and pre-morbid personality in predicting the development of mental disorders during cancer disease is debated. For instance, some genetic polymorphisms of the serotonin transporter-related promoter region (5-HTTLPR polymorphism) are associated with higher vulnerability for mental disorders as well as personality traits of neuroticism; both factors are potentially useful for identifying risk of depressive and anxious symptoms among cancer patients. This communication proposes the development of individualized psychobiological approaches to identify possible 'psychobiological' markers associated with the risk of mental disorders in prostate cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melania Severo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
- Department of Humanistic Studies, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Antonio Ventriglio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Dinesh Bhugra
- Emeritus Professor of Mental Health and Cultural Diversity, King's College, London, UK
| | - Annamaria Petito
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
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2
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Mapping genetic variability in mature miRNAs and miRNA binding sites in prostate cancer. J Hum Genet 2021; 66:1127-1137. [PMID: 34099864 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-021-00934-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate diverse cancer hallmarks through sequence-specific regulation of gene expression, so genetic variability in their seed sequences or target sites could be responsible for cancer initiation or progression. While several efforts have been made to predict the locations of single nucleotide variants (SNVs) at miRNA target sites and associate them with cancer risk and susceptibility, there have been few direct assessments of SNVs in both mature miRNAs and their target sites to assess their impact on miRNA function in cancers. Using genome-wide target capture of miRNAs and miRNA-binding sites followed by deep sequencing in prostate cancer cell lines, here we identified prostate cancer-specific SNVs in mature miRNAs and their target binding sites. SNV rs9860655 in the mature sequence of miR-570 was not present in benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) tissue or cell lines but was detectable in clinical prostate cancer tissue samples and adjacent normal tissue. SLC45A3 (prostein), a putative oncogene target of miR-1178, was highly upregulated in PC3 cells harboring an miR-1178 seed sequence SNV. Finally, systematic assessment of losses and gains of miRNA targets through 3'UTR SNVs revealed SNV-associated changes in target oncogene and tumor suppressor gene expression that might be associated with prostate carcinogenesis. Further work is required to systematically assess the functional effects of miRNA SNVs.
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3
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Oliveira AI, Xavier-Magalhães A, Moreira-Barbosa C, Magalhães H, Henrique R, Jerónimo C, Costa BM. Influence of HOTAIR rs920778 and rs12826786 genetic variants on prostate cancer risk and progression-free survival. Biomark Med 2018; 12:257-264. [DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2017-0258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: Evaluate the impact of the single nucleotide polymorphisms rs920778 and rs12826786 in the long noncoding RNA HOTAIR in the susceptibility and prognosis of prostate cancer (PCa) patients. Patients & methods: HOTAIR single nucleotide polymorphisms were genotyped by restriction fragment length polymorphism in 151 PCa cases and 180 cancer-free controls. Odds ratio, 95% CIs and prognostic significance were calculated. Results: Our data showed no statistically significant associations between HOTAIR polymorphic variants in rs920778 and rs12826786 and PCa susceptibility. However, the CC genotype in rs12826786 was significantly associated with shorter biochemical recurrence-free survival in pT3-stage PCa patients. Conclusion: Our results indicate that HOTAIR rs12826786 CC genotype may be an independent prognostic biomarker in a particular subset of PCa tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Isabel Oliveira
- Life & Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Ana Xavier-Magalhães
- Life & Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Catarina Moreira-Barbosa
- Cancer Biology & Epigenetics Group – Research Center CI-IPOP, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Hugo Magalhães
- Life & Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Rui Henrique
- Cancer Biology & Epigenetics Group – Research Center CI-IPOP, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology & Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar – University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto, Portugal
| | - Carmen Jerónimo
- Cancer Biology & Epigenetics Group – Research Center CI-IPOP, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology & Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar – University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Bruno M Costa
- Life & Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
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4
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Joyce BT, Zheng Y, Zhang Z, Liu L, Kocherginsky M, Murphy R, Achenbach CJ, Musa J, Wehbe F, Just A, Shen J, Vokonas P, Schwartz J, Baccarelli AA, Hou L. miRNA-Processing Gene Methylation and Cancer Risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2018; 27:550-557. [PMID: 29475968 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-17-0849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Dysregulation of miRNA and methylation levels are epigenetic hallmarks of cancer, potentially linked via miRNA-processing genes. Studies have found genetic alterations to miRNA-processing genes in cancer cells and human population studies. Our objective was to prospectively examine changes in DNA methylation of miRNA-processing genes and their associations with cancer risk.Methods: We examined cohort data from the Department of Veterans' Affairs Normative Aging Study. Participants were assessed every 3 to 5 years starting in 1999 through 2013 including questionnaires, medical record review, and blood collection. Blood from 686 consenting participants was analyzed using the Illumina 450K BeadChip array to measure methylation at CpG sites throughout the genome. We selected 19 genes based on a literature review, with 519 corresponding CpG sites. We then used Cox proportional hazards models to examine associations with cancer incidence, and generalized estimating equations to examine associations with cancer prevalence. Associations at false discovery rate < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.Results: Methylation of three CpGs (DROSHA: cg23230564, TNRC6B: cg06751583, and TNRC6B: cg21034183) was prospectively associated with time to cancer development (positively for cg06751583, inversely for cg23230564 and cg21034183), whereas methylation of one CpG site (DROSHA: cg16131300) was positively associated with cancer prevalence.Conclusions: DNA methylation of DROSHA, a key miRNA-processing gene, and TNRC6B may play a role in early carcinogenesis.Impact: Changes in miRNA processing may exert multiple effects on cancer development, including protecting against it via altered global miRNAs, and may be a useful early detection biomarker of cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 27(5); 550-7. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian T Joyce
- Center for Population Epigenetics, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.
| | - Yinan Zheng
- Center for Population Epigenetics, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.,Institute for Public Health and Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Zhou Zhang
- Center for Population Epigenetics, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Lei Liu
- Center for Population Epigenetics, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.,Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Masha Kocherginsky
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Robert Murphy
- Center for Global Health, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Chad J Achenbach
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jonah Musa
- Center for Global Health, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.,Health Sciences Integrated Program, Center for Healthcare Studies, Institute of Public Health and Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria
| | - Firas Wehbe
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Allan Just
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Jincheng Shen
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Pantel Vokonas
- VA Normative Aging Study, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System and the Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Joel Schwartz
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andrea A Baccarelli
- Departments of Epidemiology and Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York
| | - Lifang Hou
- Center for Population Epigenetics, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.,Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
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5
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Diehl SR, Kuo F, Hart TC. Interleukin 1 genetic tests provide no support for reduction of preventive dental care. J Am Dent Assoc 2016; 146:164-173.e4. [PMID: 25726343 DOI: 10.1016/j.adaj.2014.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been proposed that the PST and PerioPredict genetic tests that are based on polymorphisms in interleukin 1 (IL-1) genes identify a subset of patients who experience fewer tooth extractions if provided with 2 annual preventive visits. Economic analyses indicate rationing preventive care to only "high-risk" genotypes, smokers, patients with diabetes, or combinations of these risk factors would reduce the cost of dental care by $4.8 billion annually in the United States. METHODS Data presented in the study that claimed clinical utility for the PST and PerioPredict tests were obtained for reanalysis using logistic regression to assess whether the PST genetic test, smoking, diabetes, or number of preventive visits were risk factors for tooth extraction during a span of 16 years. Consistency of risk classification by the PST (version 1) and PerioPredict (version 2) genetic tests was evaluated in different ethnic groups from the 1000 Genomes database. RESULTS Multivariate analyses revealed association of tooth extraction with diabetes (P < .0001), smoking (P < .0001), and number of preventive visits (P = .004), but no support for the PST genetic test (P = .96) nor indication that the benefit of 2 preventive visits was affected by this genetic test (P = .58). Classification of risk was highly inconsistent between the PST (version 1) and PerioPredict (version 2) genetic tests. CONCLUSIONS Two annual preventive visits were supported as beneficial for all patients, and there was no evidence that the IL-1 PST genetic test has any effect on tooth extraction risk or influences the benefits of 2 annual preventive visits. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS Neither IL-1 PST nor PerioPredict genetic tests are useful for rationing preventive dental care. Further research is needed to identify genetic biomarkers with robust clinical validity and clinical utility to effectively personalize the practice of dentistry.
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Reis ST, Viana NI, Leite KRM, Diogenes E, Antunes AA, Iscaife A, Nesrallah AJ, Passerotti CC, Srougi V, Pontes-Junior J, Salles ME, Nahas WC, Srougi M. Role of Genetic Polymorphisms in the Development and Prognosis of Sporadic and Familial Prostate Cancer. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166380. [PMID: 27906997 PMCID: PMC5132395 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Backgrounds Our aim was to evaluate the role of 20 genetic polymorphisms in the development and prognosis of sporadic and familial PC. A case-control study of 185 patients who underwent radical prostatectomy from 1997 to 2011. These patients were divided into two groups based on their family history. Gleason grade, PSA value and pathological TNM 2002 stage were used as prognostic factors. Blood samples from 70 men without PC were used as controls. The SNPs were genotyped using a TaqMan® SNP Genotyping Assay Kit. Results Considering susceptibility, the polymorphic allele in the SNP rs2660753 on chromosome 3 was significantly more prevalent in controls (p = 0.01). For familial clustering, the polymorphic homozygote genotype of the SNP rs7931342 was five times more frequent in patients with familial PC compared to sporadic PC (p = 0.01). Regarding the SNP 1447295, the polymorphic homozygote genotype was more prevalent in patients with organ-confined PC (p = 0.05), and most importantly, the polymorphic allele occurred more frequently in patients without biochemical recurrence (p = 0.01). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed a median biochemical recurrence free survival of 124.2 compared to 85.6 months for patients with the wild-type allele (p = 0.007). Conclusion Our findings provide the evidence for the association of 20 recently highlighted SNPs and their susceptibility, familial clustering, staging, Gleason score and biochemical recurrence of PC. We believe that the association between these SNPs and PC may contribute to the development of alternative tools that can facilitate the early detection and prognosis of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina T Reis
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation (LIM55), Urology Department, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nayara I Viana
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation (LIM55), Urology Department, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Katia R M Leite
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation (LIM55), Urology Department, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Erico Diogenes
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation (LIM55), Urology Department, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alberto A Antunes
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation (LIM55), Urology Department, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Iscaife
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation (LIM55), Urology Department, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriano J Nesrallah
- Uro-Oncology Group, Urology Department, University of Sao Paulo Medical School and Institute of Cancer Estate of Sao Paulo (ICESP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlo C Passerotti
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation (LIM55), Urology Department, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Victor Srougi
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation (LIM55), Urology Department, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Pontes-Junior
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation (LIM55), Urology Department, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Uro-Oncology Group, Urology Department, University of Sao Paulo Medical School and Institute of Cancer Estate of Sao Paulo (ICESP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mary Ellen Salles
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation (LIM55), Urology Department, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - William C Nahas
- Uro-Oncology Group, Urology Department, University of Sao Paulo Medical School and Institute of Cancer Estate of Sao Paulo (ICESP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Miguel Srougi
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation (LIM55), Urology Department, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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7
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Samuel G, Isbell A, Ogbonna O, Iftikhar H, Sakruti S, Atanda A, Manchandani RP. Rare Paravertebral and Skull Base Metastases in Prostate Cancer. Case Rep Oncol 2016; 9:738-746. [PMID: 27920711 PMCID: PMC5126650 DOI: 10.1159/000452327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed visceral cancer in the United States. A majority of cases exhibit an insidious course and nonaggressive tumor behavior. Prostate cancer can manifest as lesions which remain localized, regionally invading or metastasize to lymph nodes, bones, and lungs. Here, we report a unique case of metastatic prostate cancer to the right upper mediastinum, presenting as a paravertebral mass within 2 years of initial tissue diagnosis. Paravertebral spread has not been described for prostate cancer, and herein, we discuss the clinical presentation, diagnostic workup, and possible therapeutic options available in light of the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gbeminiyi Samuel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Howard University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Amir Isbell
- Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Onyekachi Ogbonna
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Howard University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Hasan Iftikhar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Howard University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Susmita Sakruti
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Howard University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Adebayo Atanda
- Department of Internal Medicine, Howard University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Raj P. Manchandani
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Howard University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
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8
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Jiang X, Zhang M, Bai XY, Li S, Wu H. Association between 17q25.3-rs6465657 polymorphism and prostate cancer susceptibility: a meta-analysis based on 19 studies. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:4491-503. [PMID: 27524905 PMCID: PMC4966688 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s104775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Genome-wide association studies have identified rs6465657 polymorphism at chromosome 17q25.3 as a new prostate cancer (PCa) susceptibility locus in people of European descent. However, subsequent replication studies have yielded inconsistent results among different ethnicities. In this study, a comprehensive meta-analysis was conducted to systematically evaluate the relationship between rs6465657 polymorphism and PCa risk. Methods All the articles involved were identified from PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, EBSCO databases, and Google Scholar before December 2015. The odds ratios (ORs) with corresponding 95% confidence internals (95% CIs) were pooled under the allele model. Fourteen eligible articles with 19 studies were finally included. Results In the overall population, the 17q25.3-rs6465657C allele was found to be significantly associated with increased risk of PCa compared to the T allele (OR =1.097; 95% CI: 1.061–1.134; P<0.001). In the subgroup analysis stratified by ethnicity, significantly increased risk was found in the Caucasian population (OR =1.120; 95% CI: 1.078–1.162; P<0.001), while the difference of OR did not reach the statistical significance in the Asian or African-American population. The analyses of sensitivity indicated the robust stability of the results, and the Begg’s and Egger’s test indicated that no publication bias existed. Conclusion The current meta-analysis suggested that the 17q25.3-rs6465657 polymorphism could be associated with PCa susceptibility, especially in the Caucasians, while this association might be different in other ethnicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Jiang
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine & Pharmacy, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, People's Republic of China; Department of Gastroenterology, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital Affiliated of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Haerbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yan Bai
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine & Pharmacy, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - Shujing Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine & Pharmacy, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - Huijian Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine & Pharmacy, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, People's Republic of China
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9
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Bishop KS, Han DY, Karunasinghe N, Goudie M, Masters JG, Ferguson LR. An examination of clinical differences between carriers and non-carriers of chromosome 8q24 risk alleles in a New Zealand Caucasian population with prostate cancer. PeerJ 2016; 4:e1731. [PMID: 26966665 PMCID: PMC4782686 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Prostate cancer makes up approximately 15% of all cancers diagnosed in men in developed nations and approximately 4% of cases in developing nations. Although it is clear that prostate cancer has a genetic component and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) can contribute to prostate cancer risk, detecting associations is difficult in multi-factorial diseases, as environmental and lifestyle factors also play a role. In this study, specific clinical characteristics, environmental factors and genetic risk factors were assessed for interaction with prostate cancer. Methods. A total of 489 prostate cancer cases and 427 healthy controls were genotyped for SNPs found on chromosome 8q24 and a genetic risk score was calculated. In addition the SNPs were tested for an association with a number of clinical and environmental factors. Results. Age and tobacco use were positively associated, whilst alcohol consumption was negatively associated with prostate cancer risk. The following SNPs found on chromosome 8q24 were statistically significantly associated with prostate cancer: rs10086908, rs16901979; rs1447295and rs4242382. No association between Gleason score and smoking status, or between Gleason score and genotype were detected. Conclusion. A genetic risk score was calculated based on the 15 SNPs tested and found to be significantly associated with prostate cancer risk. Smoking significantly contributed to the risk of developing prostate cancer, and this risk was further increased by the presence of four SNPs in the 8q24 chromosomal region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen S Bishop
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand
| | - Dug Yeo Han
- Nutrigenomics New Zealand, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Nishi Karunasinghe
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand
| | - Megan Goudie
- Urology Department, Auckland District Health Board , Auckland , New Zealand
| | - Jonathan G Masters
- Urology Department, Auckland District Health Board , Auckland , New Zealand
| | - Lynnette R Ferguson
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Nutrigenomics New Zealand, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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10
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Winchester DA, Till C, Goodman PJ, Tangen CM, Santella RM, Johnson-Pais TL, Leach RJ, Xu J, Zheng SL, Thompson IM, Lucia MS, Lippmann SM, Parnes HL, Dluzniewski PJ, Isaacs WB, De Marzo AM, Drake CG, Platz EA. Variation in genes involved in the immune response and prostate cancer risk in the placebo arm of the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial. Prostate 2015; 75:1403-18. [PMID: 26047319 PMCID: PMC4536102 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously found that inflammation in benign prostate tissue is associated with an increased odds of prostate cancer, especially higher-grade disease. Since part of this link may be due to genetics, we evaluated the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in immune response genes and prostate cancer in the placebo arm of the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial. METHODS We genotyped 16 candidate SNPs in IL1β, IL2, IL4, IL6, IL8, IL10, IL12(p40), IFNG, MSR1, RNASEL, TLR4, and TNFA and seven tagSNPs in IL10 in 881 prostate cancer cases and 848 controls negative for cancer on an end-of-study biopsy. Cases and controls were non-Hispanic white and frequency matched on age and family history. We classified cases as lower (Gleason sum <7; N = 674) and higher (7-10; N = 172) grade, and used logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) adjusting for age and family history. RESULTS The minor allele (C) of rs3212227 in IL12(p40) was associated with an increased risk of total (log additive: OR = 1.30, 95%CI 1.10-1.53; P-trend = 0.0017) and lower-grade (OR = 1.36, 95%CI 1.15-1.62; P-trend = 0.0004) prostate cancer. The minor allele (A) of rs4073 in IL8 was possibly associated with a decreased risk of higher-grade (OR = 0.81, 95%CI 0.64-1.02; P-trend = 0.07), but not total disease. None of the other candidates was associated with risk. The minor alleles of IL10 tagSNPs rs1800890 (A; OR = 0.87, 95%CI: 0.75-0.99; P-trend = 0.04) and rs3021094 (C; OR = 1.31, 95%CI 1.03-1.66, P-trend = 0.03) were associated with risk; the latter also with lower- (P-trend = 0.04) and possibly higher- (P-trend = 0.06) grade disease. These patterns were similar among men with PSA <2 ng/ml at biopsy. CONCLUSION Variation in some immune response genes may be associated with prostate cancer risk. These associations were not fully explained by PSA-associated detection bias. Our findings generally support the role of inflammation in the etiology of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyelle A. Winchester
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Cathee Till
- SWOG Statistical Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Phyllis J. Goodman
- SWOG Statistical Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Catherine M. Tangen
- SWOG Statistical Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Regina M. Santella
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Teresa L. Johnson-Pais
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Health Sciences Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
| | - Robin J. Leach
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Health Sciences Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
| | - Jianfeng Xu
- Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University Health System, Evanston, IL
| | - S. Lilly Zheng
- Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University Health System, Evanston, IL
- Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Ian M. Thompson
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Health Sciences Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
| | - M. Scott Lucia
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Scott M. Lippmann
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Howard L. Parnes
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD
| | - Paul J. Dluzniewski
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - William B. Isaacs
- James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD
| | - Angelo M. De Marzo
- James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Charles G. Drake
- James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Elizabeth A. Platz
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
- James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD
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11
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Dluzniewski PJ, Xu J, Ruczinski I, Isaacs WB, Platz EA. Polymorphisms influencing prostate-specific antigen concentration may bias genome-wide association studies on prostate cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2014; 24:88-93. [PMID: 25352524 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-14-0863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have produced weak (OR = 1.1-1.5) but significant associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and prostate cancer. However, these associations may be explained by detection bias caused by SNPs influencing PSA concentration. Thus, in a simulation study, we quantified the extent of bias in the association between a SNP and prostate cancer when the SNP influences PSA concentration. METHODS We generated 2,000 replicate cohorts of 20,000 men using real-world estimates of prostate cancer risk, prevalence of carrying ≥1 minor allele, PSA concentration, and the influence of a SNP on PSA concentration. We modeled risk ratios (RR) of 1.00, 1.25, and 1.50 for the association between carrying ≥1 minor allele and prostate cancer. We calculated mean betas from the replicate cohorts and quantified bias under each scenario. RESULTS Assuming no association between a SNP and prostate cancer, the estimated mean bias in betas ranged from 0.02 to 0.10 for ln PSA being 0.05 to 0.20 ng/mL higher in minor allele carriers; the mean biased RRs ranged from 1.03 to 1.11. Assuming true RRs = 1.25 and 1.50, the biased RRs were as large as 1.39 and 1.67, respectively. CONCLUSION Estimates of the association between SNPs and prostate cancer can be biased to the magnitude observed in published GWAS, possibly resulting in type I error. However, large associations (RR > 1.10) may not fully be explained by this bias. IMPACT The influence of SNPs on PSA concentration should be considered when interpreting results from GWAS on prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Dluzniewski
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jianfeng Xu
- Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina. Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Ingo Ruczinski
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - William B Isaacs
- Department of Urology and the James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland. Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Elizabeth A Platz
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland. Department of Urology and the James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland. Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland.
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12
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Grin B, Loeb S, Roehl K, Cooper PR, Catalona WJ, Helfand BT. A rare 8q24 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) predisposes North American men to prostate cancer and possibly more aggressive disease. BJU Int 2014; 115:101-5. [PMID: 24952954 DOI: 10.1111/bju.12847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the frequency of a novel prostate cancer-associated single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), rs188140481, in a North American population and to evaluate the clinical significance of this variant including annotated prostatectomy pathology. PATIENTS/SUBJECTS AND METHODS We examined the frequency of the minor allele at rs188140481 in 4299 North American men including 1979 men with prostate cancer and 2320 healthy volunteers. We compared the clinicopathological features of prostate cancer between carriers and non-carriers of the SNP. RESULTS The rs188140481[A] SNP was present in 1.6% of the cohort; it was significantly more likely to be carried by men with prostate cancer than healthy controls (odds ratio 3.14; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.85-5.35). After adjusting for age and PSA levels, carriers were found to be 6.73-fold (95% CI 1.69-26.76) more likely to develop prostate cancer than non-carriers. Age at diagnosis, frequency of a positive family history of prostate cancer, and biochemical recurrence rates were similar between SNP carriers and non-carriers. Patients with the SNP had a proportionately higher frequency of stage ≥T2c disease (29.5% vs 20.1%; P = 0.13), Gleason ≥8 tumours (13.3% vs 6.5%; P = 0.10), and extracapsular extension (28.9% vs 18.8%; P = 0.12) compared with non-carriers. CONCLUSIONS rs188140481[A] is a rare SNP that confers greater risk of prostate cancer compared with SNPs identified by genome-wide association studies. Because of its low frequency, larger studies are needed to validate the prognostic significance of this locus, and associations with adverse pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Grin
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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13
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López-Abente G, Aragonés N, Pérez-Gómez B, Pollán M, García-Pérez J, Ramis R, Fernández-Navarro P. Time trends in municipal distribution patterns of cancer mortality in Spain. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:535. [PMID: 25060700 PMCID: PMC4124154 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND New disease mapping techniques widely used in small-area studies enable disease distribution patterns to be identified and have become extremely popular in the field of public health. This paper reports on trends in the geographical mortality patterns of the most frequent cancers in Spain, over a period of 20 years. METHODS We studied the municipal spatial pattern of stomach, colorectal, lung, breast, prostate and urinary bladder cancer mortality in Spain across four quinquennia, spanning the period 1989-2008. Case data were broken down by town (8073 municipalities), period and sex. Expected cases for each town were calculated using reference rates for each five-year period. For map plotting purposes, smoothed municipal relative risks were calculated using the conditional autoregressive model proposed by Besag, York and Mollié, with independent data for each quinquennium. We evaluated the presence of spatial patterns in maps on the basis of models, calculating the variance in relative risk corresponding to the structured spatial component and the unstructured component, as well as the proportion of variance explained by the structured spatial component. RESULTS The mortality patterns observed for stomach, colorectal and lung cancer were maintained over the 20 years covered by the study. Prostate cancer and the tumours studied in women showed no defined spatial pattern, with the single exception of stomach cancer. The trend in spatial fractional variance indicated the possibility of a change in the spatial pattern in breast, bladder and colorectal cancer in women during the last five-year period. The paper goes on to discuss ways in which spatio-temporal data are depicted in the case of cancer, and review the risk factors that may possibly influence the respective tumours' spatial patterns. CONCLUSION In men, the marked geographical patterns of stomach, colorectal, lung and bladder cancer remained stable over time. Breast, colorectal and bladder cancer in women show signs of the possible appearance of a spatial pattern in Spain and should therefore be monitored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo López-Abente
- />Environmental and Cancer Epidemiology Unit, National Centre for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Avda, Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- />Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria Aragonés
- />Environmental and Cancer Epidemiology Unit, National Centre for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Avda, Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- />Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Pérez-Gómez
- />Environmental and Cancer Epidemiology Unit, National Centre for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Avda, Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- />Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Pollán
- />Environmental and Cancer Epidemiology Unit, National Centre for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Avda, Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- />Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier García-Pérez
- />Environmental and Cancer Epidemiology Unit, National Centre for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Avda, Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- />Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rebeca Ramis
- />Environmental and Cancer Epidemiology Unit, National Centre for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Avda, Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- />Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Fernández-Navarro
- />Environmental and Cancer Epidemiology Unit, National Centre for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Avda, Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- />Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
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14
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Neslund-Dudas C, Levin AM, Beebe-Dimmer JL, Bock CH, Nock NL, Rundle A, Jankowski M, Krajenta R, Dou QP, Mitra B, Tang D, Rebbeck TR, Rybicki BA. Gene-environment interactions between JAZF1 and occupational and household lead exposure in prostate cancer among African American men. Cancer Causes Control 2014; 25:869-79. [PMID: 24801046 PMCID: PMC4267567 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-014-0387-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2012] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE A single nucleotide polymorphism, rs10486567, in JAZF1 has consistently been associated with increased risk of prostate cancer. The physical interaction of zinc finger proteins, such as JAZF1, with heavy metals may play a role in carcinogenesis. This study assessed potential gene-environment statistical interactions (G×E) between rs10486567 and heavy metals in prostate cancer. METHODS In a case-only study of 228 African American prostate cancer cases, G×E between rs10486567 and sources of cadmium and lead (Pb) were assessed. Unconditional logistic regression was used to estimate interaction odds ratios (IORs), and generalized estimating equations were used for models containing nested data. Case-control validation of IORs was performed, using 82 controls frequency matched to cases on age-race. RESULTS Among cases, a potential G×E interaction was observed between rs10486567 CC genotype and living in a Census tract with a high proportion of housing built before 1950, a proxy for household Pb exposure, when compared to CT or TT carriers (OR 1.81; 95% CI 1.04-3.16; p = 0.036). A stronger G×E interaction was observed when both housing and occupational Pb exposure were taken into account (OR 2.62; 95% CI 1.03-6.68; p = 0.04). Case-control stratified analyses showed the odds of being a CC carrier were higher in cases compared to controls among men living in areas with older housing (OR 2.03; CI 0.99-4.19; p = 0.05) or having high occupational Pb exposure (OR 2.50; CI 1.01-6.18; p = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS In African American men, the association between JAZF1 rs10486567 and prostate cancer may be modified by exposure to heavy metals such as Pb.
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15
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Walsh AL, Tuzova AV, Bolton EM, Lynch TH, Perry AS. Long noncoding RNAs and prostate carcinogenesis: the missing 'linc'? Trends Mol Med 2014; 20:428-36. [PMID: 24836411 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2014.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Revised: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are rapidly becoming essential pieces in the cancer puzzle. Our understanding of their functional capabilities is in its infancy. One certain fact, however, is that their molecular interactions extend beyond chromatin complexes into diverse biological processes. In prostate cancer, aberrant expression of lncRNAs is associated with disease progression. Overexpression of oncogenic lncRNAs promotes tumor-cell proliferation and metastasis through chromatin looping and distal engagement with the androgen receptor, antisense gene regulation, alternative splicing, and impeding DNA repair. Several lncRNAs, such as prostate cancer antigen 3 (PCA3), prostate cancer gene expression marker 1 (PCGEM1), and prostate cancer associated ncRNA transcript 1 (PCAT1), are highly prostate-specific, posing as attractive biomarkers. Herein we review the mechanisms of action of lncRNAs in prostate carcinogenesis and their potential clinical utility for disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna L Walsh
- Prostate Molecular Oncology Research Group, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Urology, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Alexandra V Tuzova
- Prostate Molecular Oncology Research Group, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eva M Bolton
- Prostate Molecular Oncology Research Group, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Urology, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Thomas H Lynch
- Prostate Molecular Oncology Research Group, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Urology, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Antoinette S Perry
- Prostate Molecular Oncology Research Group, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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16
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Bensen JT, Xu Z, McKeigue PM, Smith GJ, Fontham ET, Mohler JL, Taylor JA. Admixture mapping of prostate cancer in African Americans participating in the North Carolina-Louisiana Prostate Cancer Project (PCaP). Prostate 2014; 74:1-9. [PMID: 24037755 PMCID: PMC3934014 DOI: 10.1002/pros.22722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few genetic risk factors have been uncovered that contribute specifically to the racial disparity in prostate cancer (CaP) observed in African Americans (AA). With the advent of ancestry informative marker (AIM) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) panels and powerful genetic strategies such as mapping by admixture linkage disequilibrium (MALD) it is possible to discover genes that underlie ethnic variation in disease risk. METHODS One thousand one hundred thirty AA CaP cases enrolled in the North Carolina-Louisiana Prostate Cancer Project (PCaP) were genotyped using a 1,509 AIM SNP panel. MALD was performed using ADMIXMAP to test for linkage between CaP risk and ancestry estimates at each AIM SNP. RESULTS The largest increase of African ancestry was observed at marker rs12543473 (P = 0.0011), located on chromosome 8q24.21, and the greatest excess of European ancestry was observed at marker rs10768140 (P = 0.0004) at chromosome 11p13. CONCLUSIONS The study confirmed the 8q24 risk loci and identified a novel genomic region on 11p13 that is associated with CaP risk. These findings should be replicated in larger AA populations and combined with fine mapping data to further refine the novel 11p13 CaP risk loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeannette T. Bensen
- Department of Epidemiology University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7435
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7435
| | - Zongli Xu
- Epidemiology Branch National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
| | - Paul M. McKeigue
- Center for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Tevoit Place, Edinburgh , United Kingdom
| | - Gary J. Smith
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263
| | - Elizabeth T.H. Fontham
- School of Public Health, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112
| | - James L. Mohler
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7435
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7435
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263
- Department of Urology, University of Buffalo School of Medicine and Biotechnology, Buffalo, New York, 14214
| | - Jack A. Taylor
- Epidemiology Branch National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
- Laboratory of Molecular Carcinogenesis, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
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Debiais-Delpech C, Godet J, Pedretti N, Bernard FX, Irani J, Cathelineau X, Cussenot O, Fromont G. Expression patterns of candidate susceptibility genes HNF1β and CtBP2 in prostate cancer: association with tumor progression. Urol Oncol 2013; 32:426-32. [PMID: 24332637 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2013.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Revised: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Genome-wide association studies have identified variants at multiple loci associated with prostate cancer (PCa) risk. Some of these loci include candidate susceptibility genes, such as MSMB, HNF1β, and C-terminal-binding protein (CtBP2). Except for MSMB, the clinicopathological significance of these genes has not been investigated. We therefore aimed to analyze their expression in PCa tissues, in relation with tumor progression and aggressiveness. METHODS AND MATERIALS Protein expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays containing samples from normal prostate (NL, n = 91), high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN, n = 61), clinically localized PCa (CLC, n = 434), PCa metastases (M, n = 28), and castration-resistant PCa (CRC, n = 49). Moreover, mRNA expression for each marker was assessed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, on 53 frozen samples of NL, CLC, and CRC. RESULTS These genes were differentially expressed at the different stages of PCa natural history. MSMB expression decreased with disease development and progression. In contrast, nuclear HNF1β and CtBP2 staining significantly increased in the CRC and M groups when compared with CLC, together with the transcripts levels. In patients with CLC, HNF1β and CtBP2 nuclear expressions were strongly associated with cancer cell proliferation. After adjusting for the Gleason score and the pathological stage, none of the candidate genes was significantly predictive of recurrence after radical prostatectomy. In patients with CRC, CtBP2 nuclear staining was associated with shorter overall survival. CONCLUSIONS The decrease of MSMB expression during tumor progression strongly supports its role as a tumor-suppressor gene. Although its functions remain to be clarified in PCa cells, HNF1β and CtBP2 are associated with cancer cell proliferation, tumor progression, and castration-resistant disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julie Godet
- Department of Pathology, CHU-Universite de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | | | | | - Jacques Irani
- Department of Urology, CHU-Universite de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | | | - Olivier Cussenot
- Centre d'etude et de Recherche sur les Pathologies Prostatique (CeRePP), Hospital Tenon, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Gaelle Fromont
- Department of Pathology, CHU-Universite de Poitiers, Poitiers, France; Centre d'etude et de Recherche sur les Pathologies Prostatique (CeRePP), Hospital Tenon, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.
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Variation in HNF1B and Obesity May Influence Prostate Cancer Risk in African American Men: A Pilot Study. Prostate Cancer 2013; 2013:384594. [PMID: 24386569 PMCID: PMC3872424 DOI: 10.1155/2013/384594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Revised: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. Prostate cancer (PCa) racial disparity is multifactorial, involving biological, sociocultural, and lifestyle determinants. We investigated the association between selected potentially functional polymorphisms (SNPs) and prostate cancer (PCa) risk in Black (AAM) and White (EAM) men. We further explored if these associations varied by the body mass index (BMI) and height. Methods. Age-matched DNA samples from 259 AAM and 269 EAM were genotyped for 10 candidate SNPs in 7 genes using the TaqMan allelic differentiation analysis. The dominant, recessive, and additive age-adjusted unconditional logistic regression models were fitted. Results. Three SNPs showed statistically significant associations with PCa risk: in AAM, HNF1B rs7501939 (OR = 2.42, P = 0.0046) and rs4430796 (OR = 0.57, P = 0.0383); in EAM, CTBP2 rs4962416 (OR = 1.52, P = 0.0384). In addition, high BMI in AAM (OR = 1.06, P = 0.022) and height in EAM (OR = 0.92, P = 0.0434) showed significant associations. Interestingly, HNF1B rs7501939 was associated with PCa exclusively in obese AAM (OR = 2.14, P = 0.0103). Conclusion. Our results suggest that variation in the HNF1B may influence PCa risk in obese AAM.
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San Francisco IF, Rojas PA, Torres-Estay V, Smalley S, Cerda-Infante J, Montecinos VP, Hurtado C, Godoy AS. Association of RNASEL and 8q24 variants with the presence and aggressiveness of hereditary and sporadic prostate cancer in a Hispanic population. J Cell Mol Med 2013; 18:125-33. [PMID: 24224612 PMCID: PMC3916124 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
To study the association between the polymorphisms Arg462Gln and Asp541Glu from the RNASEL gene (1q25), and the polymorphisms rs620861, rs1447295, rs6983267, rs7837328 from the chromosome 8q24 with the risk of presenting prostate cancer (PCa) and its clinical characteristics in a Hispanic (Chilean) population. The study was performed on 21 control patients and 83 patients diagnosed with PCa. Polymorphisms were analysed from blood samples through real-time PCR by using TaqMan probes, and the genetic analysis was performed with the SNPStats program. Also, a comparison was performed between clinical characteristics of PCa and the presence of the different polymorphism genotypes by using the Minitab software. There was a significant association between the genotype G/G from the polymorphism rs6983267 with an overall increased risk of PCa, in patients both with or without family history of PCa (OR = 4.47, 95% CI = 1.05-18.94, P = 0.034 and OR = 3.57, 95% CI = 0.96-13.35, P = 0.037, respectively). Regarding clinical parameters, patients carrying the genotype C/C from the polymorphism Asp541Glu had significantly higher prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels than patients carrying the other genotypes (P = 0.034). Moreover, patients with the genotype G/G of rs6983267 had higher PSA levels (P = 0.024). The polymorphism rs6983267 from region 3 of the chromosome 8q24 appears to be a prominent risk factor for PCa and a biomarker for cancer aggressiveness in the group of patients who presented higher levels of PSA at the time of diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio F San Francisco
- Departamento de Urología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To explore several serum and genetic-based biomarkers that may prove useful in following men being managed with active surveillance for localized prostate cancer by predicting those that either have the potential to develop, or already harbor occult high grade disease. RECENT FINDINGS There is increasing evidence that serum biomarkers human Kallikrein 2, early prostate cancer antigen, urokinase-type plasminogen activator/urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor, transforming growth factor-β1 and interleukin-6/interleukin-6 receptor and genetic biomarkers BRCA1 and BRCA2, Phosphatase and tensin homolog, cellular myelocytomatosis oncogene and NKX3.1 may predict for aggressive high grade disease and are identifiable early in prostate carcinogenesis. SUMMARY One of the barriers of widespread adoption of active surveillance for low risk, localized prostate cancer is the concern that some patients may harbor occult high-risk disease at diagnosis, or develop more aggressive/noncurable disease not detected by our current well established prognostic factors. This review examines several serum and genetic-based biomarkers that appear to be of value in localized prostate cancer, unlike the vast majority of more established prostate cancer biomarkers that have been validated in far more advanced disease. Although the biomarkers discussed show exciting promise, their clinical utility is unknown, and their role in the active surveillance scenario needs further study.
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21
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Chen R, Ren S, Sun Y. Genome-wide association studies on prostate cancer: the end or the beginning? Protein Cell 2013; 4:677-86. [PMID: 23982739 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-013-3055-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most frequently diagnosed malignancy in men. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) has been highly successful in discovering susceptibility loci for prostate cancer. Currently, more than twenty GWAS have identified more than fifty common variants associated with susceptibility with PCa. Yet with the increase in loci, voices from the scientific society are calling for more. In this review, we summarize current findings, discuss the common problems troubling current studies and shed light upon possible breakthroughs in the future. GWAS is the beginning of something wonderful. Although we are quite near the end of the beginning, post-GWAS studies are just taking off and future studies are needed extensively. It is believed that in the future GWAS information will be helpful to build a comprehensive system intergraded with PCa prevention, diagnosis, molecular classification, personalized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Chen
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Shancheng Ren
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yinghao Sun
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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Edwards TL, Michels KA, Hartmann KE, Edwards DRV. BET1L and TNRC6B associate with uterine fibroid risk among European Americans. Hum Genet 2013; 132:943-53. [PMID: 23604678 PMCID: PMC3715562 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-013-1306-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Uterine fibroid (UFs) affect 77 % of women by menopause and account for $9.4 billion in healthcare costs each year. Although UFs are heritable, genetic risk is poorly understood. The first genome-wide association study (GWAS) of UFs was recently performed in a Japanese population, with reported genome-wide significance for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across three chromosomal regions. We tested these SNPs for association with UFs in US cohorts. Women were enrolled in the Right from the Start (RFTS) cohort and the BioVU DNA repository. UF status in both cohorts was determined by pelvic imaging. We tested 65 candidate and haplotype-tagging SNPs for association with UFs presence using logistic regression in RFTS and the top three GWAS-associated SNPs in BioVU. We also combined association results from both cohorts using meta-analysis. 1,086 European American (EA) cases and 1,549 controls were examined. Two SNP associations replicated [blocked early in transport 1 homolog (BET1L) rs2280543, RFTS-BioVU meta-odds ratio (OR) = 0.67 95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.38-0.96, Q = 0.70, I = 0, p = 6.9 × 10⁻³; trinucleotide repeat containing 6B (TNRC6B) rs12484776, RFTS-BioVU meta-OR = 1.21, 95 % CI 1.07-1.35, Q = 0.24, I = 28.37, p = 8.7 × 10⁻³). Meta-analyses combining evidence from RFTS, BioVU, and prior GWAS showed little heterogeneity in effect sizes across studies, with meta-p values between 7.45 × 10⁻⁸ and 3.89 × 10⁻⁹, which were stronger than prior GWAS and supported associations observed for all previously identified loci. These data suggest common variants increase risk for UF in both EA and Japanese populations. However, further research is needed to assess the role of these genes across other racial groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd L. Edwards
- Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
- Institute for Medicine and Public Health, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
- Center for Human Genetics Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Kara A. Michels
- Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
- Institute for Medicine and Public Health, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Katherine E. Hartmann
- Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
- Institute for Medicine and Public Health, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
- Center for Human Genetics Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Digna R. Velez Edwards
- Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
- Institute for Medicine and Public Health, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
- Center for Human Genetics Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
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Common variants at 8q24 are associated with prostate cancer risk in Serbian population. Pathol Oncol Res 2013; 19:559-69. [PMID: 23532531 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-013-9617-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown correlation between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at 8q24 and prostate cancer (PCa) risk. This study aimed to evaluate possible association between genotypes and alleles of 8q24 polymorphisms (rs1447295, rs4242382, rs6983267, rs7017300, and rs7837688) and PCa risk and progression. 150 patients with PCa, 150 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and 100 healthy controls selected from the general population were recruited for this study. SNPs were genotyped by using PCR-RFLP analysis. There was a significant positive association between the A allele of the SNP rs4242382 and PCa risk [PCa vs. BPH comparison, P = 0.014 for the best-fitting dominant model; odds ratio (OR) =1.98; 95 % confidence interval (95%CI) 1.14-3.43]. We found evidence (P = 0.0064) of association between PCa risk and rs7017300 (heterozygote OR = 1.60; 95%CI 0.95-2.69) when comparing genotype distributions in PCa and BPH patients. The association between T allele rs7837688 and PCa risk was determined in PCa vs. BPH comparison with the best-fitting model of inheritance being log-additive (P = 0.0033; OR = 2.14, 95%CI 1.27-3.61). Odds ratio for carriers of rs6983267 TT genotype under recessive model of association with PCa was found to be 0.36 (PCa vs. control comparison, P = 0.0029; 95%CI 0.19-0.71). For rs1447295, deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was observed in BPH patients and controls. We found no association between parameters of PCa progression and five 8q24 SNPs. Locus 8q24 harbors genetic variants associated with PCa risk in Serbian population.
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Scardino PT. Prostate cancer: improving PSA testing by adjusting for genetic background. Nat Rev Urol 2013; 10:190-2. [PMID: 23419491 DOI: 10.1038/nrurol.2013.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Bensen JT, Xu Z, Smith GJ, Mohler JL, Fontham ET, Taylor JA. Genetic polymorphism and prostate cancer aggressiveness: a case-only study of 1,536 GWAS and candidate SNPs in African-Americans and European-Americans. Prostate 2013; 73:11-22. [PMID: 22549899 PMCID: PMC3480543 DOI: 10.1002/pros.22532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2012] [Accepted: 04/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome-wide association studies have established a number of replicated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for susceptibility to prostate cancer (CaP), but it is unclear whether these susceptibility SNPs are also associated with disease aggressiveness. This study evaluates whether such replication SNPs or other candidate SNPs are associated with CaP aggressiveness in African-American (AA) and European-American (EA) men. METHODS A 1,536 SNP panel which included 34 genome-wide association study (GWAS) replication SNPs, 38 flanking SNPs, a set of ancestry informative markers, and SNPs in candidate genes and other areas was genotyped in 1,060 AA and 1,087 EA men with incident CaP from the North Carolina-Louisiana Prostate Cancer Project (PCaP). Tests for association were conducted using ordinal logistic regression with a log-additive genotype model and a 3-category CaP aggressiveness variable. RESULTS Four GWAS replication SNPs (rs2660753, rs13254738, rs10090154, rs2735839) and seven flanking SNPs were associated with CaP aggressiveness (P < 0.05) in three genomic regions: One at 3p12 (EA), seven at 8q24 (5 AA, 2 EA), and three at 19q13 at the kallilkrein-related peptidase 3 (KLK3) locus (two AA, one AA and EA). The KLK3 SNPs also were associated with serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels in AA (P < 0.001) but not in EA. A number of the other SNPs showed some evidence of association but none met study-wide significance levels after adjusting for multiple comparisons. CONCLUSIONS Some replicated GWAS susceptibility SNPs may play a role in CaP aggressiveness. However, like susceptibility, these associations are not consistent between racial groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeannette T. Bensen
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7435
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7435
| | - Zongli Xu
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
| | - Gary J. Smith
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263
| | - James L. Mohler
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7435
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263
- Department of Urology, University of Buffalo School of Medicine and Biotechnology, Buffalo, New York, 14214
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7435
| | - Elizabeth T.H. Fontham
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Public Health, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112
| | - Jack A. Taylor
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
- Laboratory of Molecular Carcinogenesis, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
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Abstract
Screening for prostate cancer is a controversial topic within the field of urology. The US Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial did not demonstrate any difference in prostate-cancer-related mortality rates between men screened annually rather than on an 'opportunistic' basis. However, in the world's largest trial to date--the European Randomised Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer--screening every 2-4 years was associated with a 21% reduction in prostate-cancer-related mortality rate after 11 years. Citing the uncertain ratio between potential harm and potential benefit, the US Preventive Services Task Force recently recommended against serum PSA screening. Although this ratio has yet to be elucidated, PSA testing--and early tumour detection--is undoubtedly beneficial for some individuals. Instead of adopting a 'one size fits all' approach, physicians are likely to perform personalized risk assessment to minimize the risk of negative consequences, such as anxiety, unnecessary testing and biopsies, overdiagnosis, and overtreatment. The PSA test needs to be combined with other predictive factors or be used in a more thoughtful way to identify men at risk of symptomatic or life-threatening cancer, without overdiagnosing indolent disease. A risk-adapted approach is needed, whereby PSA testing is tailored to individual risk.
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Abstract
The discovery of numerous noncoding RNA (ncRNA) transcripts in species from yeast to mammals has dramatically altered our understanding of cell biology, especially the biology of diseases such as cancer. In humans, the identification of abundant long ncRNA (lncRNA) >200 bp has catalyzed their characterization as critical components of cancer biology. Recently, roles for lncRNAs as drivers of tumor suppressive and oncogenic functions have appeared in prevalent cancer types, such as breast and prostate cancer. In this review, we highlight the emerging impact of ncRNAs in cancer research, with a particular focus on the mechanisms and functions of lncRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R Prensner
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Prensner JR, Rubin MA, Wei JT, Chinnaiyan AM. Beyond PSA: the next generation of prostate cancer biomarkers. Sci Transl Med 2012; 4:127rv3. [PMID: 22461644 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3003180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 332] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Since the introduction of serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening 25 years ago, prostate cancer diagnosis and management have been guided by this biomarker. Yet, PSA has proven controversial as a screening assay owing to several inherent limitations. The next wave of prostate cancer biomarkers has emerged, introducing new assays in serum and urine that may supplement or, in time, replace PSA because of their higher cancer specificity. This expanding universe of biomarkers has been facilitated, in large part, by new genomic technologies that have enabled an unbiased look at cancer biology. Such efforts have produced several notable success stories that involve rapidly moving biomarkers from the bench to the clinic. However, biomarker research has centered on disease diagnostics, rather than prognosis and prediction, which would address disease management. The development of biomarkers to stratify risk of prostate cancer aggressiveness at the time of screening remains the greatest unmet clinical need in prostate cancer. We review the current state of prostate cancer biomarker research, including the PSA revolution, its impact on early cancer detection, the recent advances in biomarker discovery, and the future efforts that promise to improve clinical management of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R Prensner
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Takatsuno Y, Mimori K, Yamamoto K, Sato T, Niida A, Inoue H, Imoto S, Kawano S, Yamaguchi R, Toh H, Iinuma H, Ishimaru S, Ishii H, Suzuki S, Tokudome S, Watanabe M, Tanaka JI, Kudo SE, Mochizuki H, Kusunoki M, Yamada K, Shimada Y, Moriya Y, Miyano S, Sugihara K, Mori M. The rs6983267 SNP is associated with MYC transcription efficiency, which promotes progression and worsens prognosis of colorectal cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2012; 20:1395-402. [PMID: 22976378 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-012-2657-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The oncogenic single nucleotide polymorphism rs6983267, located on 8q24.21, may affect copy number aberrations and/or expression profiles in colorectal cancer (CRC). We investigated the role of this single nucleotide polymorphism in the clinical outcome of CRC. METHODS Array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) and oligomicroarrays were performed on cancer cells from 157 primary CRC tissues. Expression profiles were analyzed by means of extraction expression module (EEM) analyses. Mutations in TP53, KRAS, and BRAF and microsatellite instability were also examined in 107 of the 157 cases. RESULTS aCGH analysis revealed two clusters; more frequent genomic copy number alteration (CNA) was observed in the 89 cases in cluster B than in the 18 cases in cluster A. The average CNA was higher in samples containing the major allele (GT/TT) of rs6983267 than in those containing the minor allele (GG). Additionally, MYC expression was the highest in samples containing the GG allele (n = 18), followed by the GT and TT alleles (n = 41 and 48, respectively). EEM analysis revealed dominant up-regulation of MYC in samples containing the minor allele. Moreover, the presence of the minor allele in a MYC-positive, CNA-negative context predicted a poorer prognosis than the presence of the major allele in a MYC-negative, CNA-positive context in CRC. CONCLUSIONS The presence of the minor allele of rs6983267 at 8q24.21 worsened the prognosis of CRC through up-regulation of MYC transcription. Furthermore, progression of CRC may require global CNA in the presence of the major allele and with lack of MYC transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Takatsuno
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Beppu, Japan
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Larkin SET, Townsend PA. ASSOCIATION OF COMMON VARIATIONS OF 8q24 WITH THE RISK OF PROSTATE CANCER IN KOREANS AND A REVIEW OF THE ASIAN POPULATION. BJU Int 2012; 110:E326. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.2012.11236.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Akbari MR, Trachtenberg J, Lee J, Tam S, Bristow R, Loblaw A, Narod SA, Nam RK. Association Between Germline HOXB13 G84E Mutation and Risk of Prostate Cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2012; 104:1260-2. [DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djs288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Analysis of prostate cancer association with four single-nucleotide polymorphisms from genome-wide studies and serum phyto-estrogen concentrations. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2012; 15:365-8. [DOI: 10.1038/pcan.2012.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Joung JY, Park S, Yoon H, Lee SJ, Park WS, Seo HK, Chung J, Kim SY, Hong SH, Lee YS, Kim J, Lee KH. Association of common variations of 8q24 with the risk of prostate cancer in Koreans and a review of the Asian population. BJU Int 2012; 110:E318-25. [PMID: 22583965 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.2012.11211.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED What's known on the subject? and What does the study add? The association between subjects with the genetic variation of 8q24 and the risk of development of prostate cancer in Korean men was found. As a result of haplotype analysis, [AGC] and [CTA] carriers showed a significant association with prostate cancer risk. This is clinically meaningful as an initial study on genetic susceptibility to prostate cancer in Korean men and the first report of 8q24 haplotypes in an Asian population. OBJECTIVE To determine the association between genetic variation of 8q24 with prostate cancer risk in Korean men. PATIENTS AND METHODS With a hospital-based case-control study design, we enrolled 194 patients with prostate cancer and 169 healthy controls from visitors for cancer screening. DNA samples were obtained from peripheral blood for the analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Three SNPs of 8q24, including rs16901979, rs6983267, and rs1447295, were genotyped on cases and controls. RESULTS The subjects with the rs1447295 CA or AA genotype had a higher risk of prostate cancer than the CC genotype. The A allele at SNP rs1447295 was associated with the incidence of prostate cancer. The rs16901979 CA genotype carriers had a higher risk of prostate cancer than the CC genotype. Individuals with the [AGC] and [CTA] haplotypes had a significantly increased risk of prostate cancer compared with the [CTC] haplotype ([AGC] with adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.79; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.09-2.96; P = 0.022; [CTA] with adjusted OR 5.17; 95% CI 2.40-11.15; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The genetic variation of 8q24 is associated with the risk of prostate cancer in Korean men. Individuals with the [AGC] and [CTA] haplotypes had a significant association with prostate cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Y Joung
- Center for Prostate Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
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Portela P, Jobim LF, Salim PH, Koff WJ, Wilson TJ, Jobim MR, Schwartsmann G, Roesler R, Jobim M. Analysis of KIR gene frequencies and HLA class I genotypes in prostate cancer and control group. Int J Immunogenet 2012; 39:423-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-313x.2012.01115.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Batra J, Lose F, Chambers S, Gardiner RA, Aitken J, Yaxley J, Clements JA, Spurdle AB. A replication study examining novel common single nucleotide polymorphisms identified through a prostate cancer genome-wide association study in a Japanese population. Am J Epidemiol 2011; 174:1391-5. [PMID: 22085625 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwr271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Five novel prostate cancer risk loci were identified in a recent genome-wide association study (GWAS) of Japanese persons (Takata et al., Nat Genet. 2010;42(9):751-754). Those authors proposed that apart from population-specific linkage disequilibrium patterns, limitations of GWAS single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) prioritization and/or study design could explain the lack of identification of these loci in GWAS previously conducted among Caucasians. Thus, the authors undertook a replication study in 1,357 prostate cancer patients and 1,403 healthy Australian males of European descent (2004-2008). The rs12653946 SNP at 5p15 was found to be significantly associated with prostate cancer risk (odds ratio = 1.20, 95% confidence interval: 1.07, 1.34; P = 0.002). On the basis of linkage disequilibrium calculations, the rs12653946 SNP represents an independent locus, distinct from the previously identified TERT-CLPTM1L cancer nexus region. Further, analysis from AceView (Thierry-Mieg and Thierry-Mieg, Genome Biol. 2006;7(suppl 1):S12) indicated that rs12653946 falls within the intron of a testis-expressed gene strongly predicted to translate a conceptual 8.1-kilodalton protein named tojy.aApr07. The authors' findings suggest that follow-up of apparently ethnicity-specific risk associations are warranted in order to highlight risk-associated loci for experimental studies and for incorporation into future risk prediction models for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyotsna Batra
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, Queensland 4059, Australia.
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Kimura T. East meets West: ethnic differences in prostate cancer epidemiology between East Asians and Caucasians. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CANCER 2011; 31:421-9. [PMID: 22085526 PMCID: PMC3777503 DOI: 10.5732/cjc.011.10324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most prevalent cancer in males in Western countries. The reported incidence in Asia is much lower than that in African Americans and European Caucasians. Although the lack of systematic prostate cancer screening system in Asian countries explains part of the difference, this alone cannot fully explain the lower incidence in Asian immigrants in the United States and west-European countries compared to the black and non-Hispanic white in those countries, nor the somewhat better prognosis in Asian immigrants with prostate cancer in the United States. Soy food consumption, more popular in Asian populations, is associated with a 25% to 30% reduced risk of prostate cancer. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is the only established and routinely implemented clinical biomarker for prostate cancer detection and disease status. Other biomarkers, such as urinary prostate cancer antigen 3 RNA, may increase accuracy of prostate cancer screening compared to PSA alone. Several susceptible loci have been identified in genetic linkage analyses in populations of countries in the West, and approximately 30 genetic polymorphisms have been reported to modestly increase the prostate cancer risk in genome-wide association studies. Most of the identified polymorphisms are reproducible regardless of ethnicity. Somatic mutations in the genomes of prostate tumors have been repeatedly reported to include deletion and gain of the 8p and 8q chromosomal regions, respectively; epigenetic gene silencing of glutathione S-transferase Pi (GSTP1); as well as mutations in androgen receptor gene. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying carcinogenesis, aggressiveness, and prognosis of prostate cancer remain largely unknown. Gene-gene and/or gene-environment interactions still need to be learned. In this review, the differences in PSA screening practice, reported incidence and prognosis of prostate cancer, and genetic factors between the populations in East and West factors are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Kimura
- Epidemiology, Janssen Pharmaceutical K.K., Tokyo 101-0065, Japan.
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Papanikolopoulou A, Landt O, Ntoumas K, Bolomitis S, Tyritzis SI, Constantinides C, Drakoulis N. The multi-cancer marker, rs6983267, located at region 3 of chromosome 8q24, is associated with prostate cancer in Greek patients but does not contribute to the aggressiveness of the disease. Clin Chem Lab Med 2011; 50:379-85. [PMID: 22070222 DOI: 10.1515/cclm.2011.778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2011] [Accepted: 10/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, several polymorphisms located on human chromosome 8q24 were found to be associated with prostate cancer risk with different frequency and incidence among the investigated populations. The authors conducted a prostate cancer case-control study in the Greek population to evaluate the association of the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs6983267, located at region 3 of chromosome 8q24, with this type of cancer. METHODS Samples of total blood from 86 patients with histologically confirmed prostate cancer and 99 healthy individuals were genotyped using real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage, Gleason score and levels of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) at diagnosis were included in the analysis. RESULTS A highly significant association (odds ratio=2.84 and p-value=0.002) was found between rs6983267 and prostate cancer in the Greek population. The sensitivity, specificity, negative and positive predictive values of the presence of G allele for the discrimination between patients and controls were 81.40%, 39.4%, 53.9% and 70.9%, respectively. A lower proportion of homozygotes was found in patients with PSA level <4 ng/mL compared to those with PSA level more than 4 ng/mL (p=0.019). None of the other clinical factors nor the aggressiveness of the disease were found to be significantly associated with rs6983267 genotype. CONCLUSIONS The SNP rs6983267 is an established marker for a range of cancers. In prostate cancer, it indicates an enhanced risk for carriers to develop the disease in general. In our study it showed no association with aggressive forms or familial and early-onset prostate cancer families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amalia Papanikolopoulou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Cooper PR, McGuire BB, Helfand BT, Loeb S, Hu Q, Catalona WJ. Prostate cancer risk alleles and their associations with other malignancies. Urology 2011; 78:970.e15-20. [PMID: 21820706 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2011.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2011] [Revised: 05/23/2011] [Accepted: 05/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether certain risk alleles are responsible for the relationship between prostate cancer (CaP) and other malignancies. CaP has been associated with other common malignancies. Recently, numerous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been associated with CaP susceptibility. METHODS We genotyped 1121 patients with CaP for 36 risk alleles known to be significantly associated with CaP susceptibility and determined their relationships to other malignancies in CaP probands and their first-degree relatives. RESULTS The most common other malignancies in the CaP probands were nonmelanoma skin cancer (13.6%), leukemia (7.3%), melanoma (3.9%), non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (0.7%), colorectal cancer (0.6%), and multiple myeloma (0.3%). Among the probands, a significantly increased frequency of leukemia was found in the carriers of SNP rs2736098 (5p15, P = .03) and melanoma in the carriers of either SNP rs1512268 (8p21, P = .006) or SNP rs5759167 (22q13, P = .02). Multiple myeloma was more common in carriers of SNP rs9364554 (6q25, P = .02). The probands who were carriers of SNP rs16901979 (8q24) were significantly more likely to report a family history of melanoma (P = .03), and the probands with a family history of multiple myeloma and non-Hodgkin's disease were significantly more likely to be carriers of SNP rs12621278 (2q31, P = .04) and rs6465657 (7q21, P = .02), respectively. CONCLUSION Certain alleles associated with CaP susceptibility might be associated with an increased or a decreased risk of other malignancies in CaP probands and their first-degree relatives. Additional studies are warranted to examine the underlying mechanisms of these SNPs in CaP and other malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip R Cooper
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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Ishak MB, Giri VN. A systematic review of replication studies of prostate cancer susceptibility genetic variants in high-risk men originally identified from genome-wide association studies. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2011; 20:1599-610. [PMID: 21715604 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-11-0312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several prostate cancer genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified risk-associated genetic variants primarily in populations of European descent. Less is known about the association of these variants in high-risk populations, including men of African descent and men with a family history of prostate cancer. This article provides a detailed review of published studies of prostate cancer-associated genetic variants originally identified in GWAS and replicated in high-risk populations. METHODS Articles replicating GWAS findings (National Human Genome Research Institute GWAS database) were identified by searching PubMed and relevant data were extracted. RESULTS Eleven replication studies were eligible for inclusion in this review. Of more than 30 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) identified in prostate cancer GWAS, 19 SNPs (63%) were replicated in men of African descent and 10 SNPs (33%) were replicated in men with familial and/or hereditary prostate cancer (FPC/HPC). The majority of SNPs were located at the 8q24 region with modest effect sizes (OR 1.11-2.63 in African American men and OR 1.3-2.51 in men with FPC). All replicated SNPs at 8q24 among men of African descent were within or near regions 2 and 3. CONCLUSIONS This systematic review revealed several GWAS markers with replicated associations with prostate cancer in men of African descent and men with FPC/HPC. The 8q24 region continues to be the most implicated in prostate cancer risk. These replication data support ongoing study of clinical utility and potential function of these prostate cancer-associated variants in high-risk men. IMPACT The replicated SNPs presented in this review hold promise for personalizing risk assessment for prostate cancer for high-risk men upon further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam B Ishak
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Spurdle AB, Thompson DJ, Ahmed S, Ferguson K, Healey CS, O'Mara T, Walker LC, Montgomery SB, Dermitzakis ET, Fahey P, Montgomery GW, Webb PM, Fasching PA, Beckmann MW, Ekici AB, Hein A, Lambrechts D, Coenegrachts L, Vergote I, Amant F, Salvesen HB, Trovik J, Njolstad TS, Helland H, Scott RJ, Ashton K, Proietto T, Otton G, Tomlinson I, Gorman M, Howarth K, Hodgson S, Garcia-Closas M, Wentzensen N, Yang H, Chanock S, Hall P, Czene K, Liu J, Li J, Shu XO, Zheng W, Long J, Xiang YB, Shah M, Morrison J, Michailidou K, Pharoah PD, Dunning AM, Easton DF. Genome-wide association study identifies a common variant associated with risk of endometrial cancer. Nat Genet 2011; 43:451-4. [PMID: 21499250 PMCID: PMC3770523 DOI: 10.1038/ng.812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2010] [Accepted: 03/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Endometrial cancer is the most common malignancy of the female genital tract in developed countries. To identify genetic variants associated with endometrial cancer risk, we performed a genome-wide association study involving 1,265 individuals with endometrial cancer (cases) from Australia and the UK and 5,190 controls from the Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium. We compared genotype frequencies in cases and controls for 519,655 SNPs. Forty seven SNPs that showed evidence of association with endometrial cancer in stage 1 were genotyped in 3,957 additional cases and 6,886 controls. We identified an endometrial cancer susceptibility locus close to HNF1B at 17q12 (rs4430796, P = 7.1 × 10(-10)) that is also associated with risk of prostate cancer and is inversely associated with risk of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda B Spurdle
- Division of Genetics and Population Health, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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Kote-Jarai Z, Amin Al Olama A, Leongamornlert D, Tymrakiewicz M, Saunders E, Guy M, Giles GG, Severi G, Southey M, Hopper JL, Sit KC, Harris JM, Batra J, Spurdle AB, Clements JA, Hamdy F, Neal D, Donovan J, Muir K, Pharoah PDP, Chanock SJ, Brown N, Benlloch S, Castro E, Mahmud N, O'Brien L, Hall A, Sawyer E, Wilkinson R, Easton DF, Eeles RA. Identification of a novel prostate cancer susceptibility variant in the KLK3 gene transcript. Hum Genet 2011; 129:687-94. [PMID: 21465221 PMCID: PMC3092928 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-011-0981-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2011] [Accepted: 03/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified more than 30 prostate cancer (PrCa) susceptibility loci. One of these (rs2735839) is located close to a plausible candidate susceptibility gene, KLK3, which encodes prostate-specific antigen (PSA). PSA is widely used as a biomarker for PrCa detection and disease monitoring. To refine the association between PrCa and variants in this region, we used genotyping data from a two-stage GWAS using samples from the UK and Australia, and the Cancer Genetic Markers of Susceptibility (CGEMS) study. Genotypes were imputed for 197 and 312 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from HapMap2 and the 1000 Genome Project, respectively. The most significant association with PrCa was with a previously unidentified SNP, rs17632542 (combined P = 3.9 × 10−22). This association was confirmed by direct genotyping in three stages of the UK/Australian GWAS, involving 10,405 cases and 10,681 controls (combined P = 1.9 × 10−34). rs17632542 is also shown to be associated with PSA levels and it is a non-synonymous coding SNP (Ile179Thr) in KLK3. Using molecular dynamic simulation, we showed evidence that this variant has the potential to introduce alterations in the protein or affect RNA splicing. We propose that rs17632542 may directly influence PrCa risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Kote-Jarai
- The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, UK.
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43
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Egan KM, Thompson RC, Nabors LB, Olson JJ, Brat DJ, Larocca RV, Brem S, Moots PL, Madden MH, Browning JE, Ann Chen Y. Cancer susceptibility variants and the risk of adult glioma in a US case-control study. J Neurooncol 2011; 104:535-42. [PMID: 21203894 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-010-0506-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2010] [Accepted: 12/13/2010] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Malignant gliomas are the most common and deadly brain tumors. Although their etiology remains elusive, recent studies have narrowed the search for genetic loci that influence risk. We examined variants implicated in recent cancer genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for associations with glioma risk in a US case-control study. Cases were identified from neurosurgical and neuro-oncology clinics at major academic centers in the Southeastern US. Controls were identified from the community or were friends or other associates of cases. We examined a total of 191 susceptibility variants in genes identified in published cancer GWAS including glioma. A total of 639 glioma cases and 649 controls, all Caucasian, were included in analysis. Cases were enrolled a median of 1 month following diagnosis. Among glioma GWAS-identified variants, we detected associations in CDKN2B, RTEL1, TERT and PHLDB1, whereas we did not find overall associations for CCDC26. Results showed clear heterogeneity according to histologic subtypes of glioma, with TERT and RTEL variants a feature of astrocytic tumors and glioblastoma (GBM), CCDC26 and PHLDB1 variants a feature of astrocytic and oligodendroglial tumors, and CDKN2B variants most prominent in GBM. No examined variant in other cancer GWAS was found to be related to risk after adjustment for multiple comparisons. These results suggest that GWAS-identified SNPs in glioma mark different molecular etiologies in glioma. Stratification by broad histological subgroups may shed light on molecular mechanisms and assist in the discovery of novel loci in future studies of genetic susceptibility variants in glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen M Egan
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
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Yuan Y, Ferguson LR. Nutrigenetics and Prostate Cancer: 2011 and Beyond. JOURNAL OF NUTRIGENETICS AND NUTRIGENOMICS 2011; 4:121-36. [DOI: 10.1159/000327902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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