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Xian F, Zhao C, Huang C, Bie J, Xu G. The potential role of CDC20 in tumorigenesis, cancer progression and therapy: A narrative review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e35038. [PMID: 37682144 PMCID: PMC10489547 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000035038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The cell division cycle 20 homologue (CDC20) is known to regulate the cell cycle. Many studies have suggested that dysregulation of CDC20 is associated with various pathological processes in malignant solid tumors, including tumorigenesis, progression, chemoradiotherapy resistance, and poor prognosis, providing a biomarker for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Some researchers have demonstrated that CDC20 also regulates apoptosis, immune microenvironment, and tumor angiogenesis. In this review, we have systematically summarized the biological functions of CDC20 in solid cancers. Furthermore, we briefly synthesized multiple medicines that inhibited CDC20. We anticipate that CDC20 will be a promising and effective biomarker and therapeutic target for the treatment of human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Xian
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Department of Oncology, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Caixia Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Chun Huang
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Bie
- Department of Oncology, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Guohui Xu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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2
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Yurttas AG, Okat Z, Elgun T, Cifci KU, Sevim AM, Gul A. Genetic deviation associated with photodynamic therapy in HeLa cell. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2023; 42:103346. [PMID: 36809810 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a method that is used in cancer treatment. The main therapeutic effect is the production of singlet oxygen (1O2). Phthalocyanines for PDT produce high singlet oxygen with absorbers of about 600-700 nm. AIM It is aimed to analyze cancer cell pathways by flow cytometry analysis and cancer-related genes with q-PCR device by applying phthalocyanine L1ZnPC, which we use as photosensitizer in photodynamic therapy, in HELA cell line. In this study, we investigate the molecular basis of L1ZnPC's anti-cancer activity. MATERIAL METHOD The cytotoxic effects of L1ZnPC, a phthalocyanine obtained from our previous study, in HELA cells were evaluated and it was determined that it led to a high rate of death as a result. The result of photodynamic therapy was analyzed using q-PCR. From the data received at the conclusion of this investigation, gene expression values were calculated, and expression levels were assessed using the 2-∆∆Ct method to examine the relative changes in these values. Cell death pathways were interpreted with the FLOW cytometer device. One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and the Tukey-Kramer Multiple Comparison Test with Post-hoc Test were used for the statistical analysis. CONCLUSION In our study, it was observed that HELA cancer cells underwent apoptosis at a rate of 80% with drug application plus photodynamic therapy by flow cytometry method. According to q-PCR results, CT values of eight out of eighty-four genes were found to be significant and their association with cancer was evaluated. L1ZnPC is a new phthalocyanine used in this study and our findings should be supported by further studies. For this reason, different analyses are needed to be performed with this drug in different cancer cell lines. In conclusion, according to our results, this drug looks promising but still needs to be analyzed through new studies. It is necessary to examine in detail which signaling pathways they use and their mechanism of action. For this, additional experiments are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asiye Gok Yurttas
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul Health and Technology University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Zehra Okat
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tugba Elgun
- Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Biruni University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kezban Ucar Cifci
- Division of Basic Sciences and Health, Hemp Research Institute, Yozgat Bozok University, Yozgat, Turkey; Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, University of Health Sciences, Turkey
| | - Altug Mert Sevim
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Gul
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
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3
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Sherman BE, Calderon E, Price RS. Characterizing the Role of Calcium Sensing Receptor in the Progression of Obesity-Mediated Aggressive Prostate Cancer Phenotype. Nutr Cancer 2023; 75:960-970. [PMID: 36786422 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2023.2176198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Obesity increases the risk of advanced prostate cancer (PCa). The calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) has been shown to be responsive to obesity-mediated cytokines and is upregulated in metastatic PCa. This study used a novel in vitro approach, involving the exposure of PCa cells to sera, from obese or normal weight males, and to CaSR inhibitor NPS-2143. Cell viability was determined using MTT assay. MMP-9 activity and invasion were assessed using zymography and invasion chambers, respectively. Microscopy was used to visualize EMT proteins. qRT-PCR and immunoblot analysis were used to quantify changes in genes and proteins important for tumorigenesis. Exposure to obese sera increased the proliferation, and the invasive capacity of PCa cells and de-localized epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers, which were attenuated with CaSR inhibition. Exposure to obese sera upregulated mRNA expression of PTHrP and protein expression of COX-2, IL-6, and CaSR. Inhibition of CaSR downregulated the mRNA expression of PTHrP and RANK, and protein expression of pERK and TNF-α. Obesity was shown to increase invasion and upregulate the expression of genes and proteins involved in PCa tumorigenesis. CaSR inhibition downregulated the expression of several of these factors. Thus, CaSR is a potentially important protein to target in obesity-mediated PCa progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blaine E Sherman
- School of Family and Consumer Sciences, Nutrition and Foods, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas, USA
| | - Enrique Calderon
- School of Family and Consumer Sciences, Nutrition and Foods, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas, USA
| | - Ramona S Price
- School of Family and Consumer Sciences, Nutrition and Foods, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas, USA
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4
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Xu H, Zhang J, Zheng X, Tan P, Xiong X, Yi X, Yang Y, Wang Y, Liao D, Li H, Wei Q, Ai J, Yang L. SR9009 inhibits lethal prostate cancer subtype 1 by regulating the LXRα/FOXM1 pathway independently of REV-ERBs. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:949. [PMID: 36357378 PMCID: PMC9649669 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05392-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Perturbations of the circadian clock are linked to multiple diseases, including cancers. Pharmacological activation of REV-ERB nuclear receptors, the core components of the circadian clock, has antitumor effects on various malignancies, while the impact of SR9009 on prostate cancer (PCa) remains unknown. Here, we found that SR9009 was specifically lethal to PCa cell lines but had no cytotoxic effect on prostate cells. SR9009 significantly inhibited colony formation, the cell cycle, and cell migration and promoted apoptosis in PCa cells. SR9009 treatment markedly inhibited prostate cancer subtype 1 (PCS1), the most lethal and aggressive PCa subtype, through FOXM1 pathway blockade, while it had no impacts on PCS2 and PCS3. Seven representative genes, including FOXM1, CENPA, CENPF, CDK1, CCNB1, CCNB2, and BIRC5, were identified as the shared genes involved in the FOXM1 pathway and PCS1. All of these genes were upregulated in PCa tissues, associated with worse clinicopathological outcomes and downregulated after SR9009 treatment. Nevertheless, knockdown or knockout of REV-ERB could not rescue the anticancer effect of SR9009 in PCa. Further analysis confirmed that it was LXRα rather than REV-ERBs which has been activated by SR9009. The expression levels of these seven genes were changed correspondingly after LXRα knockdown and SR9009 treatment. An in vivo study validated that SR9009 restrained tumor growth in 22RV1 xenograft models and inhibited FOXM1 and its targeted gene expression. In summary, SR9009 can serve as an effective treatment option for highly aggressive and lethal PCS1 tumors through mediating the LXRα/FOXM1 pathway independently of REV-ERBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Xu
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041 Chengdu, China ,grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041 Chengdu, China
| | - Jiapeng Zhang
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041 Chengdu, China ,grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041 Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaonan Zheng
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041 Chengdu, China ,grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041 Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Tan
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041 Chengdu, China ,grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041 Chengdu, China
| | - Xingyu Xiong
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041 Chengdu, China ,grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041 Chengdu, China
| | - Xianyanling Yi
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041 Chengdu, China ,grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041 Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Yang
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Animal Experimental Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041 Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Wang
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Research Core Facility, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041 Chengdu, China
| | - Dazhou Liao
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Research Core Facility, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041 Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Li
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041 Chengdu, China ,grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041 Chengdu, China
| | - Qiang Wei
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041 Chengdu, China ,grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041 Chengdu, China
| | - Jianzhong Ai
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041 Chengdu, China ,grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041 Chengdu, China
| | - Lu Yang
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041 Chengdu, China ,grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041 Chengdu, China
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Bruno S, Ghelli Luserna di Rorà A, Napolitano R, Soverini S, Martinelli G, Simonetti G. CDC20 in and out of mitosis: a prognostic factor and therapeutic target in hematological malignancies. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2022; 41:159. [PMID: 35490245 PMCID: PMC9055704 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02363-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell division cycle 20 homologue (CDC20) is a well-known regulator of cell cycle, as it controls the correct segregation of chromosomes during mitosis. Many studies have focused on the biological role of CDC20 in cancer development, as alterations of its functionality have been linked to genomic instability and evidence demonstrated that high CDC20 expression levels are associated with poor overall survival in solid cancers. More recently, novel CDC20 functions have been demonstrated or suggested, including the regulation of apoptosis and stemness properties and a correlation with immune cell infiltration. Here, we here summarize and discuss the role of CDC20 inside and outside mitosis, starting from its network of interacting proteins. In the last years, CDC20 has also attracted more interest in the blood cancer field, being overexpressed and showing an association with prognosis both in myeloid and lymphoid malignancies. Preclinical findings showed that selective CDC20 and APC/CCDC20/APC/CCDH1 inhibitors, namely Apcin and proTAME, are effective against lymphoma and multiple myeloma cells, resulting in mitotic arrest and apoptosis and synergizing with clinically-relevant drugs. The evidence and hypothesis presented in this review provide the input for further biological and chemical studies aiming to dissect novel potential CDC20 roles and targeting strategies in hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Bruno
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna and Institute of Hematology "L. e A. Seràgnoli", Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Ghelli Luserna di Rorà
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", via Piero Maroncelli 40, 47014, Meldola, FC, Italy.
| | - Roberta Napolitano
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", via Piero Maroncelli 40, 47014, Meldola, FC, Italy
| | - Simona Soverini
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna and Institute of Hematology "L. e A. Seràgnoli", Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Martinelli
- Scientific Directorate, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", via Piero Maroncelli 40, 47014, Meldola, FC, Italy
| | - Giorgia Simonetti
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", via Piero Maroncelli 40, 47014, Meldola, FC, Italy
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6
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Masato M, Miyata Y, Kurata H, Ito H, Mitsunari K, Asai A, Nakamura Y, Araki K, Mukae Y, Matsuda T, Harada J, Matsuo T, Ohba K, Sakai H. Oral administration of E-type prostanoid (EP) 1 receptor antagonist suppresses carcinogenesis and development of prostate cancer via upregulation of apoptosis in an animal model. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20279. [PMID: 34645904 PMCID: PMC8514456 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99694-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandin E2 plays an important role in carcinogenesis and malignant potential of prostate cancer (PC) cells by binding to its specific receptors, E-type prostanoid (EP) receptors. However, anti-carcinogenic effects of the EP receptor antagonist are unclear. In this study, we used a mouse model of PC. The mice were provided standard feed (control) or feed containing the EP1 receptor antagonist and were sacrificed at 10, 15, 30, and 52 weeks of age. Apoptosis was evaluated by immunohistochemical analysis using a cleaved caspase-3 assay. The incidence of cancer in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group at 15, 30, and 52 weeks of age. The percentage of poorly differentiated PC cells was significantly lower in the experimental group than in the control group at 30 and 52 weeks of age. The percentage of apoptotic cells in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group at 15, 30, and 52 weeks of age. These findings indicate that feeding with the addition of EP1 receptor antagonist delayed PC progression via the upregulation of apoptosis. We suggest that the EP1 receptor antagonist may be a novel chemopreventive agent for PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahito Masato
- Department of Urology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Yasuyoshi Miyata
- Department of Urology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan.
| | - Hiroki Kurata
- Department of Urology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Hidenori Ito
- Department of Urology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Kensuke Mitsunari
- Department of Urology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Akihiro Asai
- Department of Urology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Nakamura
- Department of Urology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Kyohei Araki
- Department of Urology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Yuta Mukae
- Department of Urology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Matsuda
- Department of Urology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Junki Harada
- Department of Urology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Matsuo
- Department of Urology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Kojiro Ohba
- Department of Urology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Hideki Sakai
- Department of Urology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
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Torcivia JP, Mazumder R. Scanning window analysis of non-coding regions within normal-tumor whole-genome sequence samples. Brief Bioinform 2021; 22:bbaa203. [PMID: 32940334 PMCID: PMC8138877 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbaa203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomics has benefited from an explosion in affordable high-throughput technology for whole-genome sequencing. The regulatory and functional aspects in non-coding regions may be an important contributor to oncogenesis. Whole-genome tumor-normal paired alignments were used to examine the non-coding regions in five cancer types and two races. Both a sliding window and a binning strategy were introduced to uncover areas of higher than expected variation for additional study. We show that the majority of cancer associated mutations in 154 whole-genome sequences covering breast invasive carcinoma, colon adenocarcinoma, kidney renal papillary cell carcinoma, lung adenocarcinoma and uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma cancers and two races are found outside of the coding region (4 432 885 in non-gene regions versus 1 412 731 in gene regions). A pan-cancer analysis found significantly mutated windows (292 to 3881 in count) demonstrating that there are significant numbers of large mutated regions in the non-coding genome. The 59 significantly mutated windows were found in all studied races and cancers. These offer 16 regions ripe for additional study within 12 different chromosomes-2, 4, 5, 7, 10, 11, 16, 18, 20, 21 and X. Many of these regions were found in centromeric locations. The X chromosome had the largest set of universal windows that cluster almost exclusively in Xq11.1-an area linked to chromosomal instability and oncogenesis. Large consecutive clusters (super windows) were found (19 to 114 in count) providing further evidence that large mutated regions in the genome are influencing cancer development. We show remarkable similarity in highly mutated non-coding regions across both cancer and race.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Torcivia
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - R Mazumder
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
- McCormick Genomic and Proteomic Center, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
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8
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Li FN, Zhang QY, Li O, Liu SL, Yang ZY, Pan LJ, Zhao C, Gong W, Shu YJ, Dong P. ESRRA promotes gastric cancer development by regulating the CDC25C/CDK1/CyclinB1 pathway via DSN1. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:1909-1924. [PMID: 34131395 PMCID: PMC8193261 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.57623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Estrogen-related receptor-α (ESRRA) is an orphan nuclear receptor, expressing at high level in exuberant metabolism organs and acting as transcription factor. High expression was found in many malignances but no research was done in gastric cancer (GC), where lipid metabolism disorder is common. Methods: Kaplan-Meier plot was utilized to find the relationship between ESRRA expression and patients' prognoses. The expression level of ESRRA was measured by real-time PCR. The protein expression levels were tested with western-blot and immunohistochemistry. Cell cycle and apoptosis was identified with flow cytometry. RNA-seq, bioinformatics analysis, dual-luciferase assay and ChIP assay were used to predict and validate ESRRA's target gene and binding motif. Animal models were also introduced in our study. Results: ESRRA expression is notably higher in GC cell lines and high ESRRA levels are correlated to poor prognoses. ESRRA silencing decreased GC cell viability, migration, and invasion capacities. Its downstream gene DSN1 was spotted by RNA-seq and confirmed by later bioinformatics analyses, dual-luciferase, and ChIP assays. Western-blot showed G2M arrest caused by ESRRA silencing was via CDC25C-CDK1-Cyclin B1 pathway. Conclusion: ESRRA/DSN1/CDC25C-CDK1-Cyclin B1 is of great importance in GC development. ESRRA could be a potential target as well as prognostic marker in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Nan Li
- Laboratory of General Surgery and Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai, China, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Qin-Yi Zhang
- Laboratory of General Surgery and Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai, China, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Ou Li
- Laboratory of General Surgery and Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai, China, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Shi-Lei Liu
- Laboratory of General Surgery and Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai, China, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zi-Yi Yang
- Laboratory of General Surgery and Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai, China, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Li-Jia Pan
- Laboratory of General Surgery and Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai, China, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Cheng Zhao
- Laboratory of General Surgery and Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai, China, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Wei Gong
- Laboratory of General Surgery and Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai, China, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yi-Jun Shu
- Laboratory of General Surgery and Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai, China, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Ping Dong
- Laboratory of General Surgery and Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai, China, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
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9
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Wang Y, Yin L. LINC00461 Promoted Endometrial Carcinoma Growth and Migration by Targeting MicroRNA-219-5p/Cyclooxygenase-2 Signaling Axis. Cell Transplant 2021; 30:963689721989616. [PMID: 33573388 PMCID: PMC7885031 DOI: 10.1177/0963689721989616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial carcinoma (EC) ranks as the most common female genital cancer in developed countries. Lately, more and more long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been identified as vital regulators in numerous physiological and pathological processes, including EC. However, the expression pattern and precise functions of different lncRNAs in EC remain unclear. In this study, we reported LINC00461 was upregulated in EC patient tissues and cell lines. In addition, LINC00461 knockdown could remarkably suppress cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, cell migration, and promote cell apoptosis in EC cells. We discovered LINC00461 could sponge microRNA-219-5p (miR-219-5p) and suppress its expression, thereby upregulating expression level of miR-219-5p’s target, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). In vivo animal models, LINC00461 knockdown inhibited tumor growth by increasing miR-219-5p level and reducing COX-2 expression, thus confirming LINC00461 functions as an oncogene in EC. In this study, a novel regulatory role of LINC00461/miR-219-5p/COX-2 axis was systematically investigated in context of EC, with the aim to provide promising intervention targets for EC therapy from bench to clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, 85024Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Lili Yin
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, 85024Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Province, PR China
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10
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Abstract
Obesity is associated with high-grade and advanced prostate cancer. While this association may be multi-factorial, studies suggest that obesity-induced inflammation may play a role in the progression of advanced prostate cancer. The microenvironment associated with obesity increases growth factors and pro-inflammatory cytokines which have been implicated mechanistically to promote invasion, metastasis, and androgen-independent growth. This review summarizes recent findings related to obesity-induced inflammation which may be the link to advanced prostate cancer. In addition, this review while introduce novel targets to mitigate prostate cancer metastasis to the bone. Specific emphasis will be placed on the role of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α, and IL-1β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armando Olivas
- Nutrition and Foods, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas, USA
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11
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Kushwaha B, Devi A, Maikhuri JP, Rajender S, Gupta G. Inflammation driven tumor-like signaling in prostatic epithelial cells by sexually transmitted Trichomonas vaginalis. Int J Urol 2020; 28:225-240. [PMID: 33251708 DOI: 10.1111/iju.14431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify the sequence of inflammation-driven signaling cascades and other molecular events that might cause tumor-like transformation of prostatic cells. METHODS Cytokine array analysis, Reactome and STRING analysis, immunoblotting, and immunocytochemistry were used to investigate the molecular mechanisms governing inflammation-driven adverse changes in human prostatic cells caused by the sexually transmitted infection, Trichomonas vaginalis, resulting in prostatitis, benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer. RESULTS Array analysis showed upregulation of 23 cytokines within 24 h of infection of human prostatic epithelial RWPE-1 cells with the parasite, in vitro. Reactome and STRING analysis of array data identified interleukin-6, interleukin-8, nuclear factor kappa B, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 and cyclooxygenase 2 as chief instigators of prostatic anomaly, which were found to be significantly upregulated by immunofluorescence and western blotting analyses. STRING further connected these instigators with macrophage migration inhibitory factor, PIM-1 and prostate-specific antigen; which was confirmed by their marked stimulation in infected prostatic cells by immunoblotting and immunocytochemistry. Upregulated proliferation markers, such as Ki67, proliferating cell nuclear antigen and B-cell lymphoma 2, suggested tumor-like signaling in infected RWPE-1 cells, which was further supported by downregulation of E-cadherin, upregulation of vimentin and activation of focal adhesion kinase. Prostate tumor DU145 cells were more sensitive to parasite invasion, and showed rapid upregulation with nuclear translocation of sensitive parameters, such as nuclear factor kappa B, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, and macrophage migration inhibitory factor. The migration of DU145 cells augmented when incubated in spent media from parasite-infected RWPE-1 cells. CONCLUSION The initiation of inflammation driven tumor-like cell signaling in parasite-infected human prostatic epithelial cells is apparent, with the prostate tumor (DU145) cells being more sensitive to T. vaginalis than normal (RWPE-1) prostatic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavana Kushwaha
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, India
| | - Archana Devi
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, India
| | - Jagdamba P Maikhuri
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Singh Rajender
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, India
| | - Gopal Gupta
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, India
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12
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Kim J, Noh MH, Hur DY, Kim B, Kim YS, Lee HK. Celecoxib upregulates ULBP-1 expression in lung cancer cells via the JNK/PI3K signaling pathway and increases susceptibility to natural killer cell cytotoxicity. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:279. [PMID: 33014157 PMCID: PMC7520723 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.12142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer has the highest cancer mortality rate in the world, and effective therapies are still required. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is highly expressed in numerous types of cancer, and is therefore considered a possible target of cancer treatment. Celecoxib, a selective COX-2 inhibitor, has binding pockets that interact with COX-2 and disrupt its enzymatic activities. In addition, celecoxib is able to affect cellular functions in a COX-2-independent manner. The present study aimed to investigate if celecoxib affected natural killer (NK) cell receptors and susceptibility to NK cell toxicity. For this purpose, PCR, immunoblotting, flow cytometry analysis and NK cell cytotoxicity assays were performed. The present study revealed that sublethal concentrations of celecoxib increased the expression levels of UL16-binding protein 1 (ULBP-1), a natural-killer group 2 member D (NKG2D) ligand, in lung cancer A549 and H460 cell lines. ULBP-1 mRNA and protein expression was induced in a dose- and time-dependent manner after celecoxib treatment. Expression levels of other NKG2D ligands, such as ULBP-2, ULBP-3, MHC class I-related chain A (MICA) and MICB did not change considerably compared to ULBP-1 in response to celecoxib treatment. Fluorescence microscopic images revealed abundant ULBP-1 in the cytoplasm after celecoxib treatment. Both JNK and PI3K may be involved in the induction of ULBP-1 expression after celecoxib treatment in A549 and H460 cells. In a NK cytotoxicity assay, celecoxib increased the sensitivity to NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity via interaction with ULBP-1 in lung cancer cells. Overall, the present results demonstrated that celecoxib treatment induced ULBP-1 expression in lung cancer cells, thereby increasing their susceptibility to NK cell cytotoxicity. These results suggest that the effects of conventional anticancer therapy may potentially be enhanced by using celecoxib, which targets COX-2, to enhance the sensitivity of lung cancer cells to NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayoung Kim
- Department of Medical Science, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, South Gyeongsang 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Hye Noh
- Department of Anatomy, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan 47396, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Young Hur
- Department of Anatomy, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan 47396, Republic of Korea
| | - Bomi Kim
- Department of Pathology, Inje University Haewoondae Paik Hospital, Busan 48108, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong Seok Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan 47396, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Kyung Lee
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University Pusan Paik Hospital, Busan 47396, Republic of Korea
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13
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Application of Anti-Inflammatory Agents in Prostate Cancer. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9082680. [PMID: 32824865 PMCID: PMC7464558 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9082680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is a major cause of human cancers. The environmental factors, such as microbiome, dietary components, and obesity, provoke chronic inflammation in the prostate, which promotes cancer development and progression. Crosstalk between immune cells and cancer cells enhances the secretion of intercellular signaling molecules, such as cytokines and chemokines, thereby orchestrating the generation of inflammatory microenvironment. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) play pivotal roles in inflammation-associated cancer by inhibiting effective anti-tumor immunity. Anti-inflammatory agents, such as aspirin, metformin, and statins, have potential application in chemoprevention of prostate cancer. Furthermore, pro-inflammatory immunity-targeted therapies may provide novel strategies to treat patients with cancer. Thus, anti-inflammatory agents are expected to suppress the “vicious cycle” created by immune and cancer cells and inhibit cancer progression. This review has explored the immune cells that facilitate prostate cancer development and progression, with particular focus on the application of anti-inflammatory agents for both chemoprevention and therapeutic approach in prostate cancer.
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14
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Liu Y, Zhang T, Li G, Li S, Li J, Zhao Q, Wu Q, Xu D, Hu X, Zhang L, Li Q, Zhang H, Liu B. Radiosensitivity enhancement by Co-NMS-mediated mitochondrial impairment in glioblastoma. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:9623-9634. [PMID: 32394470 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the radiosensitizing effects of Co-NMS, a derivative of nimesulide based on a cobalt carbonyl complex, on malignant glioma cells. In the zebrafish exposed to Co-NMS ranging from 5 to 20 μM, cell death and heat shock protein 70 expression in the brain and neurobehavioral performance were evaluated. Our data showed that Co-NMS at 5 μM did not cause the appreciable neurotoxicity, and thereby was given as a novel radiation sensitizer in further study. In the U251 cells, Co-NMS combined with irradiation treatment resulted in significant inhibition of cell growth and clonogenic capability as well as remarkable increases of G2/M arrest and apoptotic cell population compared to the irradiation alone treatment. This demonstrated that the Co-NMS administration exerted a strong potential of sensitizing effect on the irradiated cells. With regard to the tumor radiosensitization of Co-NMS, it could be primarily attributed to the Co-NMS-derived mitochondrial impairment, reflected by the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, the disruption of mitochondrial fusion and fission balance as well as redox homeostasis. Furthermore, the energy metabolism of the U251 cells was obviously suppressed by cotreatment with Co-NMS and irradiation through repressing mitochondrial function. Taken together, our findings suggested that Co-NMS could be a desirable drug to enhance the radiotherapeutic effects in glioblastoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Medical Physics Division, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,School of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Taofeng Zhang
- Institute of Radiochemistry, School of Nuclear Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Guo Li
- School/Hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Sirui Li
- School/Hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jili Li
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Quanyi Zhao
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qingfen Wu
- Medical Physics Division, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,School of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Xu
- Medical Physics Division, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,School of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoli Hu
- Medical Physics Division, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,School of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Luwei Zhang
- Medical Physics Division, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,School of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Medical Physics Division, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,School of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Medical Physics Division, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,School of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Liu
- School/Hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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15
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Li HN, Zheng WH, Du YY, Wang G, Dong ML, Yang ZF, Li XR. ZW10 interacting kinetochore protein may serve as a prognostic biomarker for human breast cancer: An integrated bioinformatics analysis. Oncol Lett 2020; 19:2163-2174. [PMID: 32194714 PMCID: PMC7039158 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
ZW10 interacting kinetochore protein (ZWINT) is an essential component for the mitotic spindle checkpoint and has been reported to be upregulated in numerous types of human cancer. Nonetheless, its role in breast cancer (BC) remains unclear. Herein, it was demonstrated that the expression of ZWINT was significantly higher in BC than in normal breast tissues, on the basis of integrated analysis of bioinformatics studies, cancer database analyses and immunohistochemical detection. Elevated ZWINT levels were associated with a number of clinicopathological characteristics in patients with BC. These characteristics include: i) Positive human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 expression; ii) triple-negative BC; iii) younger age; iv) basal-like subtype; and v) greater Scarff-Bloom-Richardson grades. Additionally, prognostic analysis indicated that shorter relapse-free survival, overall survival and metastatic relapse-free survival may be associated with high ZWINT expression. A total of 16 pathways associated with high ZWINT expression, including Myc targets V1/2, DNA repair and mitotic spindle pathways, were identified using Gene Set Enrichment Analysis. In addition, a positive correlation between cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) and ZWINT mRNA expression was identified by co-expression analysis. The present study suggested that ZWINT may serve as an effective prognostic biomarker for BC. In addition, ZWINT may be implicated in the CDK1-mediated initiation and progression of BC. However, further research is required to understand the role of ZWINT in BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Ning Li
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Hong Zheng
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Ying Du
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Ge Wang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Meng-Lu Dong
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Fang Yang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Xing-Rui Li
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
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16
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Mangosteen pericarp components alleviate progression of prostatic hyperplasia and mitochondrial dysfunction in rats. Sci Rep 2020; 10:322. [PMID: 31941927 PMCID: PMC6962454 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56970-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostatic hyperplasia, characterized by progressive hyperplasia of glandular and stromal tissues, is the most common proliferative abnormality of the prostate in aging men. A high-fat diet (HFD) usually is a major factor inducing oxidative stress, inflammation, and an abnormal state of the prostate. Mangosteen pericarp powder (MPP) has abundant xanthones which can be antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiproliferative agents. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to research whether MPP supplementation can affect the progression of prostatic hyperplasia. Twenty-four male F344 rats were randomly divided into four groups, including a control group (C), prostatic hyperplasia-induced group (P), prostatic hyperplasia-induced with low-dose MPP group (PL), and induced with high-dose MPP group (PH). The P, PL, and PH groups were given weekly intraperitoneal injections of 3,2′-dimethyl-4-aminobiphenyl (DMAB) at 25 mg/kg body weight for 10 weeks, and simultaneously fed an HFD for 24 weeks. Our findings first demonstrated that MPP consumption significantly decreased the prostate weight, serum testosterone and dihydrotestosterone concentrations, protein expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen, and malondialdehyde levels and ameliorated mitochondrial function in prostatic tissues. These results suggest that MPP supplementation could be used to attenuate the progression of prostatic hyperplasia.
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17
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Xu X, Hou J, Lv J, Huang Y, Pu J, Wang L. Overexpression of lncRNA GAS5 suppresses prostatic epithelial cell proliferation by regulating COX-2 in chronic non-bacterial prostatitis. Cell Cycle 2019; 18:923-931. [PMID: 30892130 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2019.1593644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic non-bacterial prostatitis (CNP) is a common urologic disease that is linked to the development of prostate cancer. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) GAS5 has been identified to mediate cell proliferation in prostate cancer, although its role in CNP is still unclear. Human prostate epithelial cell line RWPE-1 was induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to mimic CNP model in vitro. Real-time PCR was performed to determine the expression of GAS5 and COX-2, while western blotting was used to evaluate the protein expression of COX-2. The interaction between GAS5 and COX-2 was determined using RNA pull-down and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP). Cell proliferation was determined using MTT assay. The expression of GAS5 was decreased, while COX-2 was increased in prostatitis tissues and in LPS-induced RWPE-1 cells. The overexpression of GAS5 suppressed the protein level of COX-2, and inhibited cell proliferation of LPS-induced RWPE-1 cells and HPECs, which was rescued by the co-transfection with pcDNA-GAS5 and pcDNA-COX-2. GAS5 was confirmed to promote the ubiquitination of COX-2, and the in vivo GAS5-overexpressed CNP rat model decreased the motor scores, the volume of prostate tissues, the average number of inflammatory cells, prostatic proliferation, and COX-2 expression. Our findings revealed that overexpression of GAS5 inhibited cell proliferation via negatively regulating the expression of COX-2, thus alleviating the progression of CNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Xu
- a Department of Urology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University , Suzhou , Jiangsu , China
| | - Jianquan Hou
- b Reproductive Medicine Center , The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University , Suzhou , Jiangsu , China
| | - Jinxing Lv
- a Department of Urology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University , Suzhou , Jiangsu , China
| | - Yuhua Huang
- a Department of Urology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University , Suzhou , Jiangsu , China
| | - Jinxian Pu
- a Department of Urology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University , Suzhou , Jiangsu , China
| | - Liangliang Wang
- a Department of Urology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University , Suzhou , Jiangsu , China
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18
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Abstract
Many epidemiological studies revealed an association of dietary consumption of fatty acids and prostate cancer. Linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid and their derivatives such as arachidonic acid and eicosapentanoic acid are important polyunsaturated fatty acids in animal fats and in many vegetable oils. Their metabolism at the cellular level by enzymes such as lipoxygenases and cycloxygenases produces the group of eicosanoids molecules with many biological roles and activities in a variety of human diseases including cancer. In this review, we describe the biological activities of lipids with focus in eicosanoids and prostate cancer.
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19
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Sun C, Huang S, Ju W, Hou Y, Wang Z, Liu Y, Wu L, He X. Elevated DSN1 expression is associated with poor survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Hum Pathol 2018; 81:113-120. [PMID: 30136646 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2018.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Dosage suppressor of Nnf1 (DSN1) is a component of the kinetochore protein complex that is required for proper chromosome segregation. Some studies have explored that DSN1 is related to colorectal cancer progression. However, the role of DSN1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unknown. This study aimed to explore DSN1 expression in HCC tissues. We obtained data from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus to analyze DSN1 expression in HCC. DSN1 mRNA expression was assessed in 30 pairs of HCC samples via reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Immunohistochemical analysis of 95 HCC tissue specimens was performed to assess DSN1 expression and examine the clinicopathological characteristics of DSN1 in HCC. Results showed that DSN1 was upregulated in HCC tissues and was strongly associated with sex (P = .031), α-fetoprotein (P < .001), tumor size (P = .032), tumor nodule number (P = .028), cancer embolus (P = .011), and differentiation grade (P = .001). Moreover, Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional-hazards analyses indicated that high DSN1 expression was related to poor HCC patient survival and that DSN1 can serve as an independent prognostic factor for overall survival and disease-free survival. In conclusion, our findings indicate that DSN1 could serve as a novel prognostic biomarker for HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengjun Sun
- Organ Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Shanzhou Huang
- Organ Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Weiqiang Ju
- Organ Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yuchen Hou
- Organ Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Ziming Wang
- Organ Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Youjie Liu
- Basic Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Linwei Wu
- Organ Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Xiaoshun He
- Organ Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
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20
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Yuan W, Xie S, Wang M, Pan S, Huang X, Xiong M, Xiao RJ, Xiong J, Zhang QP, Shao L. Bioinformatic analysis of prognostic value of ZW10 interacting protein in lung cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:1683-1695. [PMID: 29615843 PMCID: PMC5870638 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s149012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background ZWINT is a crucial component of the mitotic checkpoint. However, its possible role in lung cancer is unclear. In this study, we determined its correlation with lung cancer. Methods Real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were used to determine 40 collected clinical lung cancer samples. Chi-square test was used to examine possible correlations between ZWINT expression and clinicopathological factors. The prognostic significance of mRNA expression of ZWINT in lung cancer was evaluated using the Kaplan–Meier plotter. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis were performed to determine whether ZWINT is an independent risk factor for overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) of lung cancer patients. Additionally, STRING database was used to analyze protein-protein interactions. Results In this study, we screened 13 GSE datasets and detected that ZWINT is highly expressed in multiple carcinomas including lung, melanoma, prostate, nasopharyngeal, gastric, pancreatic, colon, esophageal, ovarian, renal, breast and liver cancer. Real-time PCR and IHC results of collected clinical lung cancer samples confirmed that ZWINT is highly expressed in tumor tissues compared with adjacent non-tumor tissues. Additionally, high expression of ZWINT might predict poor OS and DFS in lung cancer patients. Moreover, disease stage and expression level of ZWINT were correlated with recurrence-free survival and OS in lung cancer. Analysis of protein-protein interaction based on STRING database gained 8 top genes which could interact with ZWINT, including PMF1, MIS12, DSN1, ZW10, BUB1, BUB1B, CASC5, NDC80, NSL1 and NUF2. Conclusion ZWINT is aberrantly highly expressed in lung tumor tissues and might be involved in the pathogenesis of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Yuan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University.,Department of Immunology, Basic School, Wuhan University
| | - Songping Xie
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Immunology, Basic School, Wuhan University
| | - Shan Pan
- Department of Immunology, Basic School, Wuhan University
| | - Xiaoxing Huang
- Department of Immunology, Basic School, Wuhan University
| | - Meng Xiong
- Department of Immunology, Basic School, Wuhan University
| | - Rui-Jing Xiao
- Department of Immunology, Basic School, Wuhan University
| | - Jie Xiong
- Department of Immunology, Basic School, Wuhan University
| | - Qiu-Ping Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Basic School, Wuhan University
| | - Liang Shao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University
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21
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Arthur R, Williams R, Garmo H, Holmberg L, Stattin P, Malmström H, Lambe M, Hammar N, Walldius G, Robinsson D, Jungner I, Van Hemelrijck M. Serum inflammatory markers in relation to prostate cancer severity and death in the Swedish AMORIS study. Int J Cancer 2018; 142:2254-2262. [PMID: 29322512 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is a well-documented driver of cancer development and progression. However, little is known about its role in prostate carcinogenesis. Thus, we examined the association of C-reactive protein (CRP), haptoglobin, albumin and white blood cells (WBC) with prostate cancer (PCa) severity (defined by PCa risk category and clinicopathological characteristics) and progression (defined by PCa death). We selected 8,471 Swedish men with newly diagnosed PCa who had exposure measurements taken approximately 14 years prior to diagnosis. We calculated odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the associations between the inflammatory markers and PCa severity using logistic regression, while Cox proportional hazard regression was used for the associations with overall and PCa death. Serum CRP levels were associated with increased odds of high risk and metastatic PCa, and high PSA levels (≥20 µg/L) (OR: 1.29; 95% CI: 1.06-1.56, 1.32; 1.05-1.65 and 1.51; 1.26-1.81, respectively). Similarly, higher haptoglobin levels were associated with increased odds of metastatic PCa, high PSA level and possibly high grade PCa (1.38; 1.10-1.74, 1.50; 1.17-1.93 and 1.25; 1.00-1.56, respectively). Albumin was positively associated with Gleason 4 + 3 tumour (1.38; 1.02-1.86) and overall death (HRunit increase in log : 1.60; 95% CI: 1.11-2.30), but inversely associated with high risk PCa and high PSA levels (≥20 µg/L) (0.71; 0.56-0.89 and 0.72; 0.5 9-0.90). WBC was associated with increased odds of T3-T4 PCa. Except for albumin, none of these markers were associated with PCa death or overall death. Systemic inflammation as early as 14 years prior to diagnosis may influence prostate cancer severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Arthur
- Division of Cancer Studies, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Translational Oncology & Urology Research (TOUR), London, United Kingdom.,Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - R Williams
- Division of Cancer Studies, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Translational Oncology & Urology Research (TOUR), London, United Kingdom
| | - H Garmo
- Division of Cancer Studies, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Translational Oncology & Urology Research (TOUR), London, United Kingdom.,Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - L Holmberg
- Division of Cancer Studies, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Translational Oncology & Urology Research (TOUR), London, United Kingdom
| | - P Stattin
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden.,Unit of Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - H Malmström
- Unit of Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Swedish Orphan Biovitrum, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Lambe
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - N Hammar
- Unit of Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Global Medicines Development, Medical Evidence & Observational Research, AstraZeneca, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - G Walldius
- Unit of Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - D Robinsson
- Department of Urology, Ryhov Hospital, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - I Jungner
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Karolinska Institutet and CALAB Research, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Van Hemelrijck
- Division of Cancer Studies, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Translational Oncology & Urology Research (TOUR), London, United Kingdom.,Unit of Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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22
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Wang R, Su C, Wang X, Fu Q, Gao X, Zhang C, Yang J, Yang X, Wei M. Global gene expression analysis combined with a genomics approach for the identification of signal transduction networks involved in postnatal mouse myocardial proliferation and development. Int J Mol Med 2017; 41:311-321. [PMID: 29115400 PMCID: PMC5746306 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian cardiomyocytes may permanently lose their ability to proliferate after birth. Therefore, studying the proliferation and growth arrest of cardiomyocytes during the postnatal period may enhance the current understanding regarding this molecular mechanism. The present study identified the differentially expressed genes in hearts obtained from 24 h-old mice, which contain proliferative cardiomyocytes; 7-day-old mice, in which the cardiomyocytes are undergoing a proliferative burst; and 10-week-old mice, which contain growth-arrested cardiomyocytes, using global gene expression analysis. Furthermore, myocardial proliferation and growth arrest were analyzed from numerous perspectives, including Gene Ontology annotation, cluster analysis, pathway enrichment and network construction. The results of a Gene Ontology analysis indicated that, with increasing age, enriched gene function was not only associated with cell cycle, cell division and mitosis, but was also associated with metabolic processes and protein synthesis. In the pathway analysis, 'cell cycle', proliferation pathways, such as the 'PI3K-AKT signaling pathway', and 'metabolic pathways' were well represented. Notably, the cluster analysis revealed that bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)1, BMP10, cyclin E2, E2F transcription factor 1 and insulin like growth factor 1 exhibited increased expression in hearts obtained from 7-day-old mice. In addition, the signal transduction pathway associated with the cell cycle was identified. The present study primarily focused on genes with altered expression, including downregulated anaphase promoting complex subunit 1, cell division cycle (CDC20), cyclin dependent kinase 1, MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor and CDC25C, and upregulated growth arrest and DNA damage inducible α in 10-week group, which may serve important roles in postnatal myocardial cell cycle arrest. In conclusion, these data may provide important information regarding myocardial proliferation and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoxin Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300070, P.R. China
| | - Chao Su
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, P.R. China
| | - Xinting Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Fu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300070, P.R. China
| | - Xingjie Gao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, P.R. China
| | - Chunyan Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, P.R. China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T5, Canada
| | - Xi Yang
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T5, Canada
| | - Minxin Wei
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300070, P.R. China
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23
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Saha SK, Lee SB, Won J, Choi HY, Kim K, Yang GM, Dayem AA, Cho SG. Correlation between Oxidative Stress, Nutrition, and Cancer Initiation. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E1544. [PMID: 28714931 PMCID: PMC5536032 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18071544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Inadequate or excessive nutrient consumption leads to oxidative stress, which may disrupt oxidative homeostasis, activate a cascade of molecular pathways, and alter the metabolic status of various tissues. Several foods and consumption patterns have been associated with various cancers and approximately 30-35% of the cancer cases are correlated with overnutrition or malnutrition. However, several contradictory studies are available regarding the association between diet and cancer risk, which remains to be elucidated. Concurrently, oxidative stress is a crucial factor for cancer progression and therapy. Nutritional oxidative stress may be induced by an imbalance between antioxidant defense and pro-oxidant load due to inadequate or excess nutrient supply. Oxidative stress is a physiological state where high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and free radicals are generated. Several signaling pathways associated with carcinogenesis can additionally control ROS generation and regulate ROS downstream mechanisms, which could have potential implications in anticancer research. Cancer initiation may be modulated by the nutrition-mediated elevation in ROS levels, which can stimulate cancer initiation by triggering DNA mutations, damage, and pro-oncogenic signaling. Therefore, in this review, we have provided an overview of the relationship between nutrition, oxidative stress, and cancer initiation, and evaluated the impact of nutrient-mediated regulation of antioxidant capability against cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subbroto Kumar Saha
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Incurable Disease Animal Model & Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Soo Bin Lee
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Incurable Disease Animal Model & Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Jihye Won
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Incurable Disease Animal Model & Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Hye Yeon Choi
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Incurable Disease Animal Model & Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Kyeongseok Kim
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Incurable Disease Animal Model & Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Gwang-Mo Yang
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Incurable Disease Animal Model & Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Ahmed Abdal Dayem
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Incurable Disease Animal Model & Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Ssang-Goo Cho
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Incurable Disease Animal Model & Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
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24
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Ko CJ, Lan SW, Lu YC, Cheng TS, Lai PF, Tsai CH, Hsu TW, Lin HY, Shyu HY, Wu SR, Lin HH, Hsiao PW, Chen CH, Huang HP, Lee MS. Inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2-mediated matriptase activation contributes to the suppression of prostate cancer cell motility and metastasis. Oncogene 2017; 36:4597-4609. [PMID: 28368394 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation plays an important role in cancer development and progression. Cyclooxygenases-2 (COX-2) is a key enzyme in generating prostaglandins causing inflammation, is often found to be overexpressed in prostate cancer (PCa) and is correlated with PCa cell invasion and metastasis. We aim to investigate the molecular mechanism of how COX-2 promotes PCa cell invasion and metastasis and to evaluate the effect of COX-2 inhibitors in a selected model of PCa progression. Our results showed that the expression of COX-2 and Interleukin 1β (IL-1β) was upregulated in highly invasive PCa cells and was correlated with the activated levels of membrane-anchored serine protease matriptase. The expression levels of COX-2 were increased and were correlated with matriptase levels in PCa specimens. Moreover, results showed that COX-2 overexpression or a COX-2 product Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) caused an increase in matriptase activation and PCa cell invasion, whereas COX-2 silencing antagonized matriptase activation and cell invasion. In addition, the inhibition of COX-2-mediated matriptase activation by Celebrex and sulindac sulfide suppressed the androgen-independent and COX2-overexpressing PCa PC-3 cell invasion, tumor growth and lung metastasis in an orthotopic xenograft model. Our results indicate that COX-2/matriptase signaling contributes to the invasion, tumor growth and metastasis of COX-2-overexpressing and androgen-independent PCa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- C-J Ko
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - S-W Lan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Y-C Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - T-S Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - P-F Lai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - C-H Tsai
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - T-W Hsu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - H-Y Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - H-Y Shyu
- Bureau of Investigation, Ministry of Justice, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - S-R Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - H-H Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - P-W Hsiao
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - C-H Chen
- Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - H-P Huang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - M-S Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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25
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Martinović-Weigelt D, Mehinto AC, Ankley GT, Berninger JP, Collette TW, Davis JM, Denslow ND, Durhan EJ, Eid E, Ekman DR, Jensen KM, Kahl MD, LaLone CA, Teng Q, Villeneuve DL. Derivation and Evaluation of Putative Adverse Outcome Pathways for the Effects of Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors on Reproductive Processes in Female Fish. Toxicol Sci 2017; 156:344-361. [PMID: 28201806 PMCID: PMC11017233 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfw257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors are ubiquitous in aquatic systems and have been detected in fish tissues. The exposure of fish to these pharmaceuticals is concerning because COX inhibitors disrupt the synthesis of prostaglandins (PGs), which modulate a variety of essential biological functions, including reproduction. In this study, we investigated the effects of well-characterized mammalian COX inhibitors on female fathead minnow reproductive health. Fish (n = 8) were exposed for 96 h to water containing indomethacin (IN; 100 µg/l), ibuprofen (IB; 200 µg/l) or celecoxib (CX; 20 µg/l), and evaluated for effects on liver metabolome and ovarian gene expression. Metabolomic profiles of IN, IB and CX were not significantly different from control or one another. Exposure to IB and CX resulted in differential expression of comparable numbers of genes (IB = 433, CX = 545). In contrast, 2558 genes were differentially expressed in IN-treated fish. Functional analyses (canonical pathway and gene set enrichment) indicated extensive effects of IN on PG synthesis pathway, oocyte meiosis, and several other processes consistent with physiological roles of PGs. Transcriptomic data were congruent with PG data; IN-reduced plasma PG F2α concentration, whereas IB and CX did not. Five putative AOPs were developed linking the assumed molecular initiating event of COX inhibition, with PG reduction and the adverse outcome of reproductive failure via reduction of: (1) ovulation, (2) reproductive behaviors mediated by exogenous or endogenous PGs, and (3) oocyte maturation in fish. These pathways were developed using, in part, empirical data from the present study and other publicly available data.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alvine C. Mehinto
- University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611
- Southern California Coastal Water Research Project, Costa Mesa, CA, 92626
| | - Gerald T. Ankley
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, Duluth, MN, 55804
| | - Jason P. Berninger
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, Duluth, MN, 55804
| | - Timothy W. Collette
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Ecosystems Research Division, Athens, GA, 30605
| | - John M. Davis
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Ecosystems Research Division, Athens, GA, 30605
| | | | - Elizabeth J. Durhan
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, Duluth, MN, 55804
| | - Evan Eid
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, Duluth, MN, 55804
| | - Drew R. Ekman
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Ecosystems Research Division, Athens, GA, 30605
| | - Kathleen M. Jensen
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, Duluth, MN, 55804
| | - Mike D. Kahl
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, Duluth, MN, 55804
| | - Carlie A. LaLone
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, Duluth, MN, 55804
| | - Quincy Teng
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Ecosystems Research Division, Athens, GA, 30605
| | - Daniel L. Villeneuve
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, Duluth, MN, 55804
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26
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Assessment of a prognostic model, PSA metrics and toxicities in metastatic castrate resistant prostate cancer using data from Project Data Sphere (PDS). PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170544. [PMID: 28151974 PMCID: PMC5289419 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prognostic models in metastatic castrate resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) may have clinical utility. Using data from PDS, we aimed to 1) validate a contemporary prognostic model (Templeton et al., 2014) 2) evaluate prognostic impact of concomitant medications and PSA decrease 3) evaluate factors associated with docetaxel toxicity. Methods We accessed data on 2,449 mCRPC patients in PDS. The existing model was validated with a continuous risk score, time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, and corresponding time-dependent Area under the Curve (tAUC). The prognostic effects of concomitant medications and PSA response were assessed by Cox proportional hazards models. One year tAUC was calculated for multivariable prognostic model optimized to our data. Conditional logistic regression models were used to assess associations with grade 3/4 adverse events (G3/4 AE) at baseline and after cycle 1 of treatment. Results Despite limitations of the PDS data set, the existing model was validated; one year AUC, was 0.68 (95% CI 95% CI, .66 to .71) to 0.78 (95%CI, .74 to .81) depending on the subset of datasets used. A new model was constructed with an AUC of .74 (.72 to .77). Concomitant medications low molecular weight heparin and warfarin were associated with poorer survival, Metformin and Cox2 inhibitors were associated with better outcome. PSA response was associated with survival, the effect of which was greatest early in follow-up. Age was associated with baseline risk of G3/4 AE. The odds of experiencing G3/4 AE later on in treatment were significantly greater for subjects who experienced a G3/4 AE in their first cycle (OR 3.53, 95% CI 2.53–4.91, p < .0001). Conclusion Despite heterogeneous data collection protocols, PDS provides access to large datasets for novel outcomes analysis. In this paper, we demonstrate its utility for validating existing models and novel model generation including the utility of concomitant medications in outcome analyses, as well as the effect of PSA response on survival and toxicity prediction.
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27
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Tong D, Liu Q, Liu G, Xu J, Lan W, Jiang Y, Xiao H, Zhang D, Jiang J. Metformin inhibits castration-induced EMT in prostate cancer by repressing COX2/PGE2/STAT3 axis. Cancer Lett 2016; 389:23-32. [PMID: 28043910 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Castration is the standard therapeutic treatment for advanced prostate cancer but with limited benefit due to the profound relapse and metastasis. Activation of inflammatory signaling pathway and initiation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) are closely related to drug resistance, tumor relapseas well as metastasis. In this study, we demonstrated that metformin is capable of inhibiting prostate cancer cell migration and invasion by repressing EMT evidenced by downregulating the mesenchymal markers N-cadherin, Vimentin, and Twist and upregulating the epithelium E-cadherin. These effects have also been observed in our animal model as well as prostate cancer patients. In addition, we showed the effects of metformin on the expression of genes involved in EMT through repressing the levels of COX2, PGE2 and phosphorylated STAT3. Furthermore, inactivating COX2 abolishes metformin's regulatory effects and exogenously administered PGE2 is capable of enhancing STAT3 phosphorylation and expression of EMT biomarker. We propose that metformin represses prostate cancer EMT and metastasis through targeting the COX2/PGE2/STAT3 axis. These findings suggest that metformin by itself or in combination with other anticancer drugs could be used as an anti-metastasis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dali Tong
- Department of Urology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, PR China
| | - Qiuli Liu
- Department of Urology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, PR China
| | - Gaolei Liu
- Department of Urology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, PR China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Urology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, PR China
| | - Weihua Lan
- Department of Urology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, PR China
| | - Yao Jiang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, PR China
| | - Hualiang Xiao
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, PR China
| | - Dianzheng Zhang
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19131, USA
| | - Jun Jiang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, PR China.
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28
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Kho PF, Fawcett J, Fritschi L, Risch H, Webb PM, Whiteman DC, Neale RE. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, statins, and pancreatic cancer risk: a population-based case-control study. Cancer Causes Control 2016; 27:1457-1464. [PMID: 27817122 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-016-0824-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Studies suggest that aspirin, other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and statins may reduce risk of some cancers. However, findings have been conflicting as to whether these agents reduce the risk of pancreatic cancer. METHODS We used data from the Queensland Pancreatic Cancer Study, a population-based case-control study. In total, 704 cases and 711 age- and sex-matched controls were recruited. Participants completed an interview in which they were asked about history of NSAID and statin use. We included 522 cases and 653 controls who had completed the medication section of the interview in this analysis. Unconditional multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate associations between medication use and pancreatic cancer. RESULTS We found no consistent evidence of an association between use of NSAIDs or statins and risk of pancreatic cancer. There was some suggestion of a protective effect in infrequent users of selective COX-2 inhibitors, but no association in more frequent users. We did not find evidence of protective effects in analyses stratified by sex, smoking status, time between diagnosis and interview, or presence/absence of metastases. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our results do support the hypothesis that use of NSAIDs or statins may reduce the odds of developing pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pik Fang Kho
- Population Health Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Herston, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jonathan Fawcett
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Lin Fritschi
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Harvey Risch
- School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Penelope M Webb
- Population Health Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Herston, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia.,School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - David C Whiteman
- Population Health Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Herston, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia.,School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Rachel E Neale
- Population Health Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Herston, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia. .,School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
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29
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Zhang J, Liang J, Huang J. Downregulated microRNA-26a modulates prostate cancer cell proliferation and apoptosis by targeting COX-2. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:3397-3402. [PMID: 27900011 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA-26a (miR-26a) is expressed at lower levels in prostate cancer cells compared with normal prostate cells. However, the regulatory mechanism of miR-26a in tumorigenesis and metastasis is not clear. In the present study, the expression profile of cellular miR-26a was analyzed by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The potential target of miR-26a was identified by luciferase assay and western blotting. Examination of miR-26a function was performed by transfection with miR-26a mimics and inhibitor. It was found that miR-26a expression was decreased in prostate cancer tissues and cell lines, with androgen-independent prostate cancer (AIPC) showing lower miR-26a expression compared with androgen-dependent prostate cancer (ADPC). Overexpression of miR-26a by transfecting miR-26a mimics could significantly enhance apoptosis, and this upregulation of apoptosis was triggered by cytochrome c oxidase subunit II inhibition. Furthermore, it was found that lower miR-26a density resulted in an evidently poor prognosis. Understanding the important roles of miR-26a in regulating cell apoptosis in human prostate cancer cells may aid the exploration of AIPC transformation mechanisms and contribute to the development of miRNA-based therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Urumqi General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Command of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000, P.R. China
| | - Jinghao Liang
- Department of Orthopedics, Urumqi General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Command of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000, P.R. China
| | - Jianguo Huang
- Department of Oncology, Urumqi General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Command of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000, P.R. China
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30
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Boss A, Bishop KS, Marlow G, Barnett MPG, Ferguson LR. Evidence to Support the Anti-Cancer Effect of Olive Leaf Extract and Future Directions. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8080513. [PMID: 27548217 PMCID: PMC4997426 DOI: 10.3390/nu8080513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The traditional Mediterranean diet (MD) is associated with long life and lower prevalence of cardiovascular disease and cancers. The main components of this diet include high intake of fruit, vegetables, red wine, extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) and fish, low intake of dairy and red meat. Olive oil has gained support as a key effector of health benefits and there is evidence that this relates to the polyphenol content. Olive leaf extract (OLE) contains a higher quantity and variety of polyphenols than those found in EVOO. There are also important structural differences between polyphenols from olive leaf and those from olive fruit that may improve the capacity of OLE to enhance health outcomes. Olive polyphenols have been claimed to play an important protective role in cancer and other inflammation-related diseases. Both inflammatory and cancer cell models have shown that olive leaf polyphenols are anti-inflammatory and protect against DNA damage initiated by free radicals. The various bioactive properties of olive leaf polyphenols are a plausible explanation for the inhibition of progression and development of cancers. The pathways and signaling cascades manipulated include the NF-κB inflammatory response and the oxidative stress response, but the effects of these bioactive components may also result from their action as a phytoestrogen. Due to the similar structure of the olive polyphenols to oestrogens, these have been hypothesized to interact with oestrogen receptors, thereby reducing the prevalence and progression of hormone related cancers. Evidence for the protective effect of olive polyphenols for cancer in humans remains anecdotal and clinical trials are required to substantiate these claims idea. This review aims to amalgamate the current literature regarding bioavailability and mechanisms involved in the potential anti-cancer action of olive leaf polyphenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Boss
- Discipline of Nutrition, FM & HS, University of Auckland Medical School, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
| | - Karen S Bishop
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, FM & HS, University of Auckland Medical School, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
| | - Gareth Marlow
- Discipline of Nutrition, FM & HS, University of Auckland Medical School, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
| | - Matthew P G Barnett
- Food Nutrition & Health Team, Food & Bio-based Products Group, AgResearch Limited, Grasslands Research Centre, Tennent Drive, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
| | - Lynnette R Ferguson
- Discipline of Nutrition, FM & HS, University of Auckland Medical School, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, FM & HS, University of Auckland Medical School, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
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31
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Jeong Y, Lee JL. Efficacy of metronomic oral cyclophosphamide with low dose dexamethasone and celecoxib in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Asia Pac J Clin Oncol 2016; 13:204-211. [DOI: 10.1111/ajco.12583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yumun Jeong
- Department of Medicine; Asan Medical Centre, University of Ulsan College of Medicine; Seoul South Korea
| | - Jae Lyun Lee
- Department of Medicine; Asan Medical Centre, University of Ulsan College of Medicine; Seoul South Korea
- Department of Oncology; Asan Medical Centre; University of Ulsan College of Medicine; Seoul South Korea
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Altered primary chromatin structures and their implications in cancer development. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2016; 39:195-210. [PMID: 27007278 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-016-0276-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer development is a complex process involving both genetic and epigenetic changes. Genetic changes in oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes are generally considered as primary causes, since these genes may directly regulate cellular growth. In addition, it has been found that changes in epigenetic factors, through mutation or altered gene expression, may contribute to cancer development. In the nucleus of eukaryotic cells DNA and histone proteins form a structure called chromatin which consists of nucleosomes that, like beads on a string, are aligned along the DNA strand. Modifications in chromatin structure are essential for cell type-specific activation or repression of gene transcription, as well as other processes such as DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosome segregation. Alterations in epigenetic factors involved in chromatin dynamics may accelerate cell cycle progression and, ultimately, result in malignant transformation. Abnormal expression of remodeler and modifier enzymes, as well as histone variants, may confer to cancer cells the ability to reprogram their genomes and to yield, maintain or exacerbate malignant hallmarks. At the end, genetic and epigenetic alterations that are encountered in cancer cells may culminate in chromatin changes that may, by altering the quantity and quality of gene expression, promote cancer development. METHODS During the last decade a vast number of studies has uncovered epigenetic abnormalities that are associated with the (anomalous) packaging and remodeling of chromatin in cancer genomes. In this review I will focus on recently published work dealing with alterations in the primary structure of chromatin resulting from imprecise arrangements of nucleosomes along DNA, and its functional implications for cancer development. CONCLUSIONS The primary chromatin structure is regulated by a variety of epigenetic mechanisms that may be deregulated through gene mutations and/or gene expression alterations. In recent years, it has become evident that changes in chromatin structure may coincide with the occurrence of cancer hallmarks. The functional interrelationships between such epigenetic alterations and cancer development are just becoming manifest and, therefore, the oncology community should continue to explore the molecular mechanisms governing the primary chromatin structure, both in normal and in cancer cells, in order to improve future approaches for cancer detection, prevention and therapy, as also for circumventing drug resistance.
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Cai H, Huang X, Xu S, Shen H, Zhang P, Huang Y, Jiang J, Sun Y, Jiang B, Wu X, Yao H, Xu J. Discovery of novel hybrids of diaryl-1,2,4-triazoles and caffeic acid as dual inhibitors of cyclooxygenase-2 and 5-lipoxygenase for cancer therapy. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 108:89-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Revised: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Dinwiddie MT, Terry PD, Whelan J, Patzer RE. Omega-3 Fatty Acid Consumption and Prostate Cancer: A Review of Exposure Measures and Results of Epidemiological Studies. J Am Coll Nutr 2015; 35:452-68. [PMID: 26595854 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2015.1032444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Animal studies have shown that dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3) may play a role in the development of prostate cancer, but the results of epidemiologic studies have been equivocal. Associations in humans may vary depending on study design, measurement methodology of fatty acid intake, intake ranges, and stage of cancer development. To address this, we identified 36 published studies through PubMed (Medline) from 1993 through 2013 on long-chain n-3s and prostate cancer. Exposure measurements included dietary assessment and biomarker levels. Associations for total, early, and late stage prostate cancer were examined by subgroup of study design and exposure measure type and by using forest plots to illustrate the relative strength of associations within each subgroup. We also tested for potential threshold effects by considering studies that included measurement cut-points that met intake levels recommended by the American Heart Association. We found no consistent evidence supporting a role of n-3s in either the causation or prevention of prostate cancer at any stage or grade. Results did not vary appreciably by study design, exposure measurement, intake level, or stage of cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul D Terry
- a Department of Public Health.,c University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee ; Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Medical Center , Knoxville , Tennessee
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Sun L, Wei X, Liu X, Zhou D, Hu F, Zeng Y, Sun Y, Luo S, Zhang Y, Yi XP. Expression of prostaglandin E2 and EP receptors in human papillary thyroid carcinoma. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:4689-97. [PMID: 26511970 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4316-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present study is to determine the role of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and downstream EP receptors in the development of human papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). A total of 90 thyroid specimens excised from patients undergoing total or subtotal thyroidectomy in the Department of General Surgery, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, China, from August 2013 to September 2014, were analyzed. The quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemical analyses were employed to examine the messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression, respectively. The expressions and significances of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1), PGE2, and EP receptors in PTC and nodular goiter were investigated. The COX-2 mRNA and protein expression level significantly increased in the PTC tissues than in the paired noncarcinoma tissues adjacent to the PTC or nodular goiter tissues. The mPGES-1 protein expression was also significantly upregulated in the PTC tissues. All the four subtypes of EP receptors (EP1-4) could express in the thyroid tissues, while only the EP4 mRNA and protein levels significantly increased in the PTC tissues. The local production of PGE2 had a higher-level expression in the PTC tissues than in the noncarcinoma thyroid tissues adjacent to the PTC lesion and the benign nodular goiter tissues. The induction of PGE2 biosynthesis as well as the overexpression of EP4 in PTC suggested that this pathway might play an important role in the carcinogenesis and progression of PTC. These observations raise the possibility that pharmacological inhibition of mPGES-1 and/or EP4 may hold therapeutic promise in this common cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liao Sun
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xiaohong Wei
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Xueting Liu
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Danli Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Fang Hu
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Yingjuan Zeng
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Shunkui Luo
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Xian Ping Yi
- Department of Pathology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China
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Macciò A, Gramignano G, Madeddu C. A Multitargeted Treatment Approach for Anemia and Cachexia in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. J Pain Symptom Manage 2015; 50:e1-4. [PMID: 26004402 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2015.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Revised: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Macciò
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, A. Businco Hospital, Regional Referral Center for Cancer Diseases, Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Giulia Gramignano
- Division of Medical Oncology, N.S. di Bonaria Hospital, San Gavino, Italy
| | - Clelia Madeddu
- Department of Medical Sciences "Mario Aresu", University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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Targeting Cdc20 as a novel cancer therapeutic strategy. Pharmacol Ther 2015; 151:141-51. [PMID: 25850036 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2015.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The Anaphase Promoting Complex (APC, also called APC/C) regulates cell cycle progression by forming two closely related, but functionally distinct E3 ubiquitin ligase sub-complexes, APC(Cdc20) and APC(Cdh1), respectively. Emerging evidence has begun to reveal that Cdc20 and Cdh1 have opposing functions in tumorigenesis. Specifically, Cdh1 functions largely as a tumor suppressor, whereas Cdc20 exhibits an oncogenic function, suggesting that Cdc20 could be a promising therapeutic target for combating human cancer. However, the exact underlying molecular mechanisms accounting for their differences in tumorigenesis remain largely unknown. Therefore, in this review, we summarize the downstream substrates of Cdc20 and the critical functions of Cdc20 in cell cycle progression, apoptosis, ciliary disassembly and brain development. Moreover, we briefly describe the upstream regulators of Cdc20 and the oncogenic role of Cdc20 in a variety of human malignancies. Furthermore, we summarize multiple pharmacological Cdc20 inhibitors including TAME and Apcin, and their potential clinical benefits. Taken together, development of specific Cdc20 inhibitors could be a novel strategy for the treatment of human cancers with elevated Cdc20 expression.
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XU PEIYUAN, CAI FEI, LIU XIAOFEI, GUO LELE. Sesamin inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced proliferation and invasion through the p38-MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways in prostate cancer cells. Oncol Rep 2015; 33:3117-23. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.3888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Wu Q, Chen YF, Fu J, You QH, Wang SM, Huang X, Feng XJ, Zhang SH. Short hairpin RNA-mediated down-regulation of CENP-A attenuates the aggressive phenotype of lung adenocarcinoma cells. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2014; 37:399-407. [PMID: 25228009 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-014-0199-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deregulation of centromere protein (CENP)-A, a centromere-specific histone variant, has in the past been linked to cancer initiation and progression. Additionally, our previous work has shown that CENP-A upregulation predicts a poor overall survival in patients with lung adenocarcinoma. The aim of this study was to uncover the biological role of CENP-A in lung adenocarcinoma growth and invasion, including its underlying molecular mechanisms. METHODS CENP-A expression was knocked down in human lung adenocarcinoma A549 and PC-9 cells using a short hairpin RNA (shRNA) technology. Subsequently, the effects of this knock down on the proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle progression, colony formation, migration, invasion and tumorigenicity were assessed. Additionally, Western blot analyses were performed to examine concomitant expression changes in key proteins involved in cell cycle regulation and apoptosis. RESULTS We found that shRNA-mediated knock down of CENP-A significantly inhibited the in vitro proliferation and colony formation of A549 and PC-9 cells as compared to control shRNA-transfected cells. In addition, CENP-A down-regulation was found to induce G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, and to inhibit the in vitro migration and invasion of A549 and PC-9 cells. Down-regulation of CENP-A was also found to significantly suppress the in vivo growth of xenografted A549 cells. At the protein level, we found that the expression of p21, p27, CHK2 and Bax was markedly increased and that the expression of CCNG1, Skp2, Cks1 and Bcl-2 was markedly decreased in CENP-A down-regulated cells. CONCLUSION Based on our results we conclude that down-regulation of CENP-A may attenuate the aggressive phenotype of lung adenocarcinoma cells. As such, CENP-A may serve as a promising therapeutic target for lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Guangxing Hospital, Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China,
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