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Fischer C, Thomas D, Gurke R, Tegeder I. Brain region specific regulation of anandamide (down) and sphingosine-1-phosphate (up) in association with anxiety (AEA) and resilience (S1P) in a mouse model of chronic unpredictable mild stress. Pflugers Arch 2024:10.1007/s00424-024-03012-0. [PMID: 39177699 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-024-03012-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Chronic unpredictable and unavoidable stress is associated with mental health problems such as depression and anxiety, whereas cycles of stress and stress relief strengthen resilience. It has been suggested that increased breakdown of brain endocannabinoids (eCB) promotes a feeling of adversity. To assess the impact of stress on bioactive lipid homeostasis, we analyzed eCB, sphingolipids, and ceramides in seven brain regions and plasma in a mouse model of chronic unpredictable mild stress. Chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) was associated with low levels of anandamide in hippocampus and prefrontal cortex in association with indicators of anxiety (elevated plus maze). Oppositely, CUMS caused elevated levels of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P d18:1) and sphinganine-1-phosphate (S1P d18:0) in the midbrain and thalamus, which was associated with readouts of increased stress resilience, i.e., marble burying and struggling in the tail suspension tests. In the periphery, elevated plasma levels of ceramides revealed similarities with human major depression and suggested unfavorable effects of stress on metabolism, but plasma lipids were not associated with body weight, sucrose consumption, or behavioral features of depression or anxiety. The observed brain site-specific lipid changes suggest that the forebrain succumbs to adverse stress effects while the midbrain takes up defensive adjustments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Fischer
- Goethe-University Frankfurt, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Dominique Thomas
- Goethe-University Frankfurt, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (ITMP), Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Robert Gurke
- Goethe-University Frankfurt, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (ITMP), Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Irmgard Tegeder
- Goethe-University Frankfurt, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany.
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2
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Rahmati-Dehkordi F, Khanifar H, Najari N, Tamtaji Z, Talebi Taheri A, Aschner M, Shafiee Ardestani M, Mirzaei H, Dadgostar E, Nabavizadeh F, Tamtaji OR. Therapeutic Potential of Fingolimod on Psychological Symptoms and Cognitive Function in Neuropsychiatric and Neurological Disorders. Neurochem Res 2024:10.1007/s11064-024-04199-5. [PMID: 38918332 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-024-04199-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric and neurological disorders pose a significant global health burden, highlighting the need for innovative therapeutic approaches. Fingolimod (FTY720), a common drug to treat multiple sclerosis, has shown promising efficacy against various neuropsychiatric and neurological disorders. Fingolimod exerts its neuroprotective effects by targeting multiple cellular and molecular processes, such as apoptosis, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and autophagy. By modulating Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptor activity, a key regulator of immune cell trafficking and neuronal function, it also affects synaptic activity and strengthens memory formation. In the hippocampus, fingolimod decreases glutamate levels and increases GABA levels, suggesting a potential role in modulating synaptic transmission and neuronal excitability. Taken together, fingolimod has emerged as a promising neuroprotective agent for neuropsychiatric and neurological disorders. Its broad spectrum of cellular and molecular effects, including the modulation of apoptosis, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, autophagy, and synaptic plasticity, provides a comprehensive therapeutic approach for these debilitating conditions. Further research is warranted to fully elucidate the mechanisms of action of fingolimod and optimize its use in the treatment of neuropsychiatric and neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Rahmati-Dehkordi
- Electrophysiology Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hadi Khanifar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shahre-kord University of Medical Sciences, Shahre-kord, Iran
| | - Nazanin Najari
- Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zeinab Tamtaji
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Abdolkarim Talebi Taheri
- Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Mehdi Shafiee Ardestani
- Department of Radio Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Ehsan Dadgostar
- Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
- Student Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Nabavizadeh
- Electrophysiology Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Omid Reza Tamtaji
- Electrophysiology Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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3
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Magalhães DM, Stewart NA, Mampay M, Rolle SO, Hall CM, Moeendarbary E, Flint MS, Sebastião AM, Valente CA, Dymond MK, Sheridan GK. The sphingosine 1-phosphate analogue, FTY720, modulates the lipidomic signature of the mouse hippocampus. J Neurochem 2024; 168:1113-1142. [PMID: 38339785 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.16073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
The small-molecule drug, FTY720 (fingolimod), is a synthetic sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) analogue currently used to treat relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis in both adults and children. FTY720 can cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and, over time, accumulate in lipid-rich areas of the central nervous system (CNS) by incorporating into phospholipid membranes. FTY720 has been shown to enhance cell membrane fluidity, which can modulate the functions of glial cells and neuronal populations involved in regulating behaviour. Moreover, direct modulation of S1P receptor-mediated lipid signalling by FTY720 can impact homeostatic CNS physiology, including neurotransmitter release probability, the biophysical properties of synaptic membranes, ion channel and transmembrane receptor kinetics, and synaptic plasticity mechanisms. The aim of this study was to investigate how chronic FTY720 treatment alters the lipid composition of CNS tissue in adolescent mice at a key stage of brain maturation. We focused on the hippocampus, a brain region known to be important for learning, memory, and the processing of sensory and emotional stimuli. Using mass spectrometry-based lipidomics, we discovered that FTY720 increases the fatty acid chain length of hydroxy-phosphatidylcholine (PCOH) lipids in the mouse hippocampus. It also decreases PCOH monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and increases PCOH polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). A total of 99 lipid species were up-regulated in the mouse hippocampus following 3 weeks of oral FTY720 exposure, whereas only 3 lipid species were down-regulated. FTY720 also modulated anxiety-like behaviours in young mice but did not affect spatial learning or memory formation. Our study presents a comprehensive overview of the lipid classes and lipid species that are altered in the hippocampus following chronic FTY720 exposure and provides novel insight into cellular and molecular mechanisms that may underlie the therapeutic or adverse effects of FTY720 in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela M Magalhães
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Lisboa, Portugal
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK
| | | | - Myrthe Mampay
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK
| | - Sara O Rolle
- Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Chloe M Hall
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | - Emad Moeendarbary
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
- 199 Biotechnologies Ltd, London, UK
| | - Melanie S Flint
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK
| | - Ana M Sebastião
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cláudia A Valente
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Marcus K Dymond
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK
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Hörner M, Popp S, Branchu J, Stevanin G, Darios F, Klebe S, Groh J, Martini R. Clinically approved immunomodulators ameliorate behavioral changes in a mouse model of hereditary spastic paraplegia type 11. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1299554. [PMID: 38435059 PMCID: PMC10904495 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1299554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that neuroinflammation by the adaptive immune system acts as a robust and targetable disease amplifier in a mouse model of Spastic Paraplegia, type 11 (SPG11), a complicated form of Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia (HSP). While we identified an impact of neuroinflammation on distinct neuropathological changes and gait performance, neuropsychological features, typical and clinically highly relevant symptoms of complicated HSPs, were not addressed. Here we show that the corresponding SPG11 mouse model shows distinct behavioral abnormalities, particularly related to social behavior thus partially reflecting the neuropsychological changes in patients. We provide evidence that some behavioral abnormalities can be mitigated by genetic inactivation of the adaptive immune system. Translating this into a clinically applicable approach, we show that treatment with the established immunomodulators fingolimod or teriflunomide significantly attenuates distinct behavioral abnormalities, with the most striking effect on social behavior. This study links neuroinflammation to behavioral abnormalities in a mouse model of SPG11 and may thus pave the way for using immunomodulators as a treatment approach for SPG11 and possibly other complicated forms of HSP with neuropsychological involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Hörner
- Section of Developmental Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Division of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, Heidelberg University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sandy Popp
- Section of Developmental Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Center of Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- TSE Systems GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julien Branchu
- Institut du Cerveau – Paris Brain Institute, Inserm, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- EVerZom, Paris, France
| | - Giovanni Stevanin
- Institut du Cerveau – Paris Brain Institute, Inserm, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- INCIA, CNRS, EPHE, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Frédéric Darios
- Institut du Cerveau – Paris Brain Institute, Inserm, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Stephan Klebe
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Janos Groh
- Section of Developmental Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Rudolf Martini
- Section of Developmental Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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5
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Wencel PL, Blecharz-Klin K, Piechal A, Pyrzanowska J, Mirowska-Guzel D, Strosznajder RP. Fingolimod Modulates the Gene Expression of Proteins Engaged in Inflammation and Amyloid-Beta Metabolism and Improves Exploratory and Anxiety-Like Behavior in Obese Mice. Neurotherapeutics 2023; 20:1388-1404. [PMID: 37432552 PMCID: PMC10480137 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-023-01403-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is considered a risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus, which has become one of the most important health problems, and is also linked with memory and executive function decline. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive sphingolipid that regulates cell death/survival and the inflammatory response via its specific receptors (S1PRs). Since the role of S1P and S1PRs in obesity is rather obscure, we examined the effect of fingolimod (an S1PR modulator) on the expression profile of genes encoding S1PRs, sphingosine kinase 1 (Sphk1), proteins engaged in amyloid-beta (Aβ) generation (ADAM10, BACE1, PSEN2), GSK3β, proapoptotic Bax, and proinflammatory cytokines in the cortex and hippocampus of obese/prediabetic mouse brains. In addition, we observed behavioral changes. Our results revealed significantly elevated mRNA levels of Bace1, Psen2, Gsk3b, Sphk1, Bax, and proinflammatory cytokines, which were accompanied by downregulation of S1pr1 and sirtuin 1 in obese mice. Moreover, locomotor activity, spatially guided exploratory behavior, and object recognition were impaired. Simultaneously, fingolimod reversed alterations in the expressions of the cytokines, Bace1, Psen2, and Gsk3b that occurred in the brain, elevated S1pr3 mRNA levels, restored normal cognition-related behavior patterns, and exerted anxiolytic effects. The improvement in episodic and recognition memory observed in this animal model of obesity may suggest a beneficial effect of fingolimod on central nervous system function.
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Affiliation(s)
- P L Wencel
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research and Environmental Agents, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawinskiego St., 02106, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - K Blecharz-Klin
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology CePT, Medical University of Warsaw, 1B Banacha St., 02097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Piechal
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology CePT, Medical University of Warsaw, 1B Banacha St., 02097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - J Pyrzanowska
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology CePT, Medical University of Warsaw, 1B Banacha St., 02097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - D Mirowska-Guzel
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology CePT, Medical University of Warsaw, 1B Banacha St., 02097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - R P Strosznajder
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research and Environmental Agents, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawinskiego St., 02106, Warsaw, Poland
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Inhibition of Microglial GSK3β Activity Is Common to Different Kinds of Antidepressants: A Proposal for an In Vitro Screen to Detect Novel Antidepressant Principles. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030806. [PMID: 36979785 PMCID: PMC10045655 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression is a major public health concern. Unfortunately, the present antidepressants often are insufficiently effective, whilst the discovery of more effective antidepressants has been extremely sluggish. The objective of this review was to combine the literature on depression with the pharmacology of antidepressant compounds, in order to formulate a conceivable pathophysiological process, allowing proposals how to accelerate the discovery process. Risk factors for depression initiate an infection-like inflammation in the brain that involves activation microglial Toll-like receptors and glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β). GSK3β activity alters the balance between two competing transcription factors, the pro-inflammatory/pro-oxidative transcription factor NFκB and the neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative transcription factor NRF2. The antidepressant activity of tricyclic antidepressants is assumed to involve activation of GS-coupled microglial receptors, raising intracellular cAMP levels and activation of protein kinase A (PKA). PKA and similar kinases inhibit the enzyme activity of GSK3β. Experimental antidepressant principles, including cannabinoid receptor-2 activation, opioid μ receptor agonists, 5HT2 agonists, valproate, ketamine and electrical stimulation of the Vagus nerve, all activate microglial pathways that result in GSK3β-inhibition. An in vitro screen for NRF2-activation in microglial cells with TLR-activated GSK3β activity, might therefore lead to the detection of totally novel antidepressant principles with, hopefully, an improved therapeutic efficacy.
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7
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García-Gómez L, Castillo-Fernández I, Perez-Villalba A. In the pursuit of new social neurons. Neurogenesis and social behavior in mice: A systematic review. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1011657. [PMID: 36407114 PMCID: PMC9672322 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1011657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Social behaviors have become more relevant to our understanding of the human nervous system because relationships with our peers may require and modulate adult neurogenesis. Here, we review the pieces of evidence we have to date for the divergence of social behaviors in mice by modulation of adult neurogenesis or if social behaviors and the social environment can drive a change in neurogenic processes. Social recognition and memory are deeply affected by antimitotic drugs and irradiation, while NSC transgenic mice may run with lower levels of social discrimination. Interestingly, social living conditions can create a big impact on neurogenesis. Social isolation and social defeat reduce the number of new neurons, while social dominance and enrichment of the social environment increase their number. These new “social neurons” trigger functional modifications with amazing transgenerational effects. All of these suggest that we are facing two bidirectional intertwined variables, and the great challenge now is to understand the cellular and genetic mechanisms that allow this relationship to be used therapeutically.
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Ueno H, Takahashi Y, Murakami S, Wani K, Matsumoto Y, Okamoto M, Ishihara T. Fingolimod increases parvalbumin-positive neurons in adult mice. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2022; 13:96-106. [PMID: 36590091 PMCID: PMC9795291 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2022.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, it has been shown that central nervous system agents, such as antidepressants and antiepileptic drugs, reopen a critical period in mature animals. Fingolimod, which is used for the treatment of multiple sclerosis, also restores neuroplasticity. In this study, we investigated the effects of parvalbumin (PV)-positive neurons and perineuronal nets (PNN) on fingolimod administration with respect to neuroplasticity. Fingolimod was chronically administered intraperitoneally to mature mice. PV-positive neurons and PNN in the hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, and somatosensory cortex were analyzed. An increase in PV-positive neurons was observed in the hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, and somatosensory cortex of the fingolimod-treated mice. An increase in Wisteria floribunda agglutinin-positive PNN was confirmed in mice treated with fingolimod in the somatosensory cortex only. Fingolimod increased the density of PV-positive neurons in the brains of mature mice. The results indicate that fingolimod may change the critical period in mature animals.
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Key Words
- CNS, central nervous system
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- Fingolimod
- GAD67, anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase
- GFAP, glial fibrillary acidic protein
- Hippocampus
- IL, infralimbic cortex
- NIH, National Institutes of Health, PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- PL, prelimbic cortex
- PNN, perineuronal net
- PV neurons, parvalbumin-expressing interneurons
- Parvalbumin
- Perineuronal nets
- Prefrontal cortex
- Somatosensory cortex
- WFA, Wisteria floribunda agglutinin
- dAC, dorsal anterior cingulate cortex
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Ueno
- Department of Medical Technology, Kawasaki University of Medical Welfare, Kurashiki 701–0193, Japan,Correspondence to: Department of Medical Technology, Kawasaki University of Medical Welfare, 288 Matsushima, Kurashiki, Okayama 701–0193, Japan, 193.
| | - Yu Takahashi
- Department of Psychiatry, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki 701–0192, Japan
| | - Shinji Murakami
- Department of Psychiatry, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki 701–0192, Japan
| | - Kenta Wani
- Department of Psychiatry, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki 701–0192, Japan
| | - Yosuke Matsumoto
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700–8558, Japan
| | - Motoi Okamoto
- Department of Medical Technology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700–8558, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ishihara
- Department of Psychiatry, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki 701–0192, Japan
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9
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Orlando R, Ginerete RP, Cavalleri L, Aliperti V, Imbriglio T, Battaglia G, Zuena AR, Nicoletti F, Merlo Pich E, Collo G. Synergic action of L-acetylcarnitine and L-methylfolate in Mouse Models of Stress-Related Disorders and Human iPSC-Derived Dopaminergic Neurons. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:913210. [PMID: 35721218 PMCID: PMC9201783 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.913210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The epigenetic agents, L-acetylcarnitine (LAC) and L-methylfolate (MF) are putative candidates as add-on drugs in depression. We evaluated the effect of a combined treatment with LAC and MF in two different paradigms of chronic stress in mice and in human inducible pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) differentiated into dopaminergic neurons. Two groups of mice were exposed to chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) for 28 days or chronic restraint stress (CRS) for 21 day, and LAC (30 or 100 mg/kg) and/or MF (0.75 or 3 mg/kg) were administered i.p. once a day for 14 days, starting from the last week of stress. In both stress paradigms, LAC and MF acted synergistically in reducing the immobility time in the forced swim test and enhancing BDNF protein levels in the frontal cortex and hippocampus. In addition, LAC and MF acted synergistically in enhancing type-2 metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGlu2) protein levels in the hippocampus of mice exposed to CRS. Interestingly, CRS mice treated with MF showed an up-regulation of NFκB p65, which is a substrate for LAC-induced acetylation. We could also demonstrate a synergism between LAC and MF in cultured hiPSCs differentiated into dopamine neurons, by measuring dendrite length and number, and area of the cell soma after 3 days of drug exposure. These findings support the combined use of LAC and MF in the treatment of MDD and other stress-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosamaria Orlando
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Laura Cavalleri
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Vincenza Aliperti
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Battaglia
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Rita Zuena
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Nicoletti
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Ginetta Collo
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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10
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Tardo LM, McCreary M, Majeed H, Greenberg BM. Determining Prevalence of Depression and Covariates of Depression in a Cohort of Multiple Sclerosis Patients. J Cent Nerv Syst Dis 2022; 14:11795735221098143. [PMID: 35558003 PMCID: PMC9087231 DOI: 10.1177/11795735221098143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Depression is one of the most common symptoms experienced by multiple
sclerosis patients and may be secondary to the disease itself as well as
other variables such as age, disease severity and side effects of
treatment. Objective To determine if there is an association between disease modifying therapies
and depression rates based on PHQ9 scores in multiple sclerosis. Methods This was a retrospective chart review. Patients followed at the University of
Texas Southwestern Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology Clinic from 2017
to 2020 were included in this study. Patients’ most recent PHQ-9 scores were
used. The following data was extracted from patient charts: disease
modifying therapy, age, disease duration, gender, antidepressant use and
ambulatory status. Results Data from our study included 2611 individual PHQ-9 scores. The majority of
our patients were female and the mean age across all treatment groups was
50.37 years old. The median disease duration across all treatment groups was
12.74 years. Most patients in this cohort required no ambulatory assistance.
43.86% of patients were on antidepressants and use was correlated with a
higher PHQ9 score. The median PHQ 9 score across all treatment groups was 4
(Interquartile range = 7). Across treatment groups, patients on interferon
therapy had the lowest PHQ 9 scores with a median of 2. Conclusions Our study demonstrated that there were lower PHQ-9 scores among interferon
treatment group as compared to other disease modifying therapies and
non-treatment groups
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M. Tardo
- Department of Neurology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Morgan McCreary
- Department of Neurology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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11
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Ginerete RP, Mascio G, Liberatore F, Bucci D, Antenucci N, Di Pietro P, Cannella M, Imbriglio T, Notartomaso S, Nicoletti F, Bruno V, Battaglia G. Repeated episodes of transient reduction of oxygen exposure simulating aircraft cabin conditions enhance resilience to stress in mice. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 54:7109-7124. [PMID: 34655118 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Pilots and crew of domestic flights are exposed to transient periods of mild reductions of partial pressure of inspired oxygen each day, and this might have functional consequence on their performance in the long range. Here, we exposed mice to mild reductions of oxygen exposure (ROE) four times per day for 21 days by lowering oxygen partial pressure to levels corresponding to an altitude of about 2300 m, which is the quote of pressurization of the air cabin. Four groups of mice were studied: unstressed or stressed mice exposed to ROE or normoxic conditions. Mice were exposed to chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) for 28 days, and ROE was delivered in the last 21 days of CUS. In normoxic mice, CUS caused anhedonia in the sucrose preference test, anxiety-like behaviour in the open field test, learning impairment in the Morris water maze, reduced hippocampal neurogenesis, increased serum corticosterone levels and increased expression of depression-related genes (Pclo, Mthfr and Grm5) in the hippocampus. All these changes were reversed by ROE, which had little or no effect in unstressed mice. These findings suggest that ROE simulating air cabin conditions of domestic flights may enhance resilience to stress improving mood, anxiety and learning ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxana Paula Ginerete
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Neuropharmacology Unit, I.R.C.C.S. Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Giada Mascio
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Neuropharmacology Unit, I.R.C.C.S. Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Francesca Liberatore
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Neuropharmacology Unit, I.R.C.C.S. Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Domenico Bucci
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Neuropharmacology Unit, I.R.C.C.S. Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Nico Antenucci
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Di Pietro
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Neuropharmacology Unit, I.R.C.C.S. Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Milena Cannella
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Neuropharmacology Unit, I.R.C.C.S. Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Tiziana Imbriglio
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Neuropharmacology Unit, I.R.C.C.S. Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Serena Notartomaso
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Neuropharmacology Unit, I.R.C.C.S. Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Nicoletti
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Neuropharmacology Unit, I.R.C.C.S. Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Bruno
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Neuropharmacology Unit, I.R.C.C.S. Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Battaglia
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Neuropharmacology Unit, I.R.C.C.S. Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
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12
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Corbett B, Luz S, Sotuyo N, Pearson-Leary J, Moorthy GS, Zuppa AF, Bhatnagar S. FTY720 (Fingolimod), a modulator of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors, increases baseline hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal axis activity and alters behaviors relevant to affect and anxiety. Physiol Behav 2021; 240:113556. [PMID: 34390688 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
FTY720 (fingolimod) is an analog of sphingosine, a ubiquitous sphingolipid. Phosphorylated FTY720 (FTY720-P) non-selectively binds to sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors (S1PRs) and regulates multiple cellular processes including cell proliferation, inflammation, and vascular remodeling. We recently demonstrated that S1PR3 expression in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of rats promotes stress resilience and that S1PR3 expression in blood may serve as a biomarker for PTSD. Here we investigate the effects of FTY720 in regulating the stress response. We found that single and repeated intraperitoneal injections of FTY720 increased baseline plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and corticosterone concentrations. FTY720 reduced social anxiety- and despair-like behavior as assessed by increased social interaction time and reduced time spent immobile in the Porsolt forced swim test. In blood, FTY720 administration reduced lymphocyte and reticulocyte counts, but raised erythrocyte counts. FTY720 also reduced mRNA of angiopoietin 1, endothelin 1, plasminogen, TgfB2, Pdgfa, and Mmp2 in the medial prefrontal cortex, suggesting that FTY720 reduced vascular remodeling. The antidepressant-like and anxiolytic-like effects of FTY720 may be attributed to reduced vascular remodeling as increased stress-induced blood vessel density in the brain contributes to behavior associated with vulnerability in rats. Together, these results demonstrate that FTY720 regulates baseline HPA axis activity but reduces social anxiety and despair, providing further evidence that S1PRs are important and novel regulators of stress-related functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Corbett
- Center for Stress Neurobiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3615 CIvic Center Blvd, ARC Suite 402, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,19104-4399, USA
| | - Sandra Luz
- Center for Stress Neurobiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3615 CIvic Center Blvd, ARC Suite 402, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,19104-4399, USA
| | - Nathaniel Sotuyo
- Center for Stress Neurobiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3615 CIvic Center Blvd, ARC Suite 402, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,19104-4399, USA
| | - Jiah Pearson-Leary
- Center for Stress Neurobiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3615 CIvic Center Blvd, ARC Suite 402, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,19104-4399, USA
| | - Ganesh S Moorthy
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Athena F Zuppa
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Seema Bhatnagar
- Center for Stress Neurobiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3615 CIvic Center Blvd, ARC Suite 402, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,19104-4399, USA; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
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13
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Prowse N, Hayley S. Microglia and BDNF at the crossroads of stressor related disorders: Towards a unique trophic phenotype. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 131:135-163. [PMID: 34537262 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Stressors ranging from psychogenic/social to neurogenic/injury to systemic/microbial can impact microglial inflammatory processes, but less is known regarding their effects on trophic properties of microglia. Recent studies do suggest that microglia can modulate neuronal plasticity, possibly through brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). This is particularly important given the link between BDNF and neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative pathology. We posit that certain activated states of microglia play a role in maintaining the delicate balance of BDNF release onto neuronal synapses. This focused review will address how different "activators" influence the expression and release of microglial BDNF and address the question of tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) expression on microglia. We will then assess sex-based differences in microglial function and BDNF expression, and how microglia are involved in the stress response and related disorders such as depression. Drawing on research from a variety of other disorders, we will highlight challenges and opportunities for modulators that can shift microglia to a "trophic" phenotype with a view to potential therapeutics relevant for stressor-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Prowse
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada.
| | - Shawn Hayley
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada.
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14
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Kocovski P, Tabassum-Sheikh N, Marinis S, Dang PT, Hale MW, Orian JM. Immunomodulation Eliminates Inflammation in the Hippocampus in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis, but Does Not Ameliorate Anxiety-Like Behavior. Front Immunol 2021; 12:639650. [PMID: 34177891 PMCID: PMC8222726 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.639650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease targeting the central nervous system, characterized by an unpredictable disease course and a wide range of symptoms. Emotional and cognitive deficits are now recognized as primary disease manifestations and not simply the consequence of living with a chronic condition, raising questions regarding the efficacy of current therapeutics for these specific symptoms. Mechanisms underlying psychiatric sequelae in MS are believed to be similar to those underlying pathogenesis, that is mediated by cytokines and other inflammatory mediators. To gain insight into the pathogenesis of MS depression, we performed behavioral assays in the murine experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) MS model, in the presence or absence of immunomodulation using the drug FTY720, an analogue of the lipid signaling molecule sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P). Specifically, mice were challenged with the elevated plus maze (EPM) test, a validated experimental paradigm for rodent-specific anxiety-like behavior. FTY720 treatment failed to ameliorate anxiety-like symptoms, irrespective of dosage. On the other hand, it was effective in reducing inflammatory infiltration, microglial reactivity and levels of pro-inflammatory molecules in the hippocampus, confirming the anti-inflammatory capacity of treatment. To explore the absence of FTY720 effect on behavior, we confirmed expression of S1P receptors (S1PR) S1PR1, S1PR3 and S1PR5 in the hippocampus and mapped the dynamics of these receptors in response to drug treatment alone, or in combination with EAE induction. We identified a complex pattern of responses, differing between (1) receptors, (2) dosage and (3) hippocampal sub-field. FTY720 treatment in the absence of EAE resulted in overall downregulation of S1PR1 and S1PR3, while S1PR5 exhibited a dose-dependent upregulation. EAE induction alone resulted in overall downregulation of all three receptors. On the other hand, combined FTY720 and EAE showed generally no effect on S1PR1 and S1PR3 expression except for the fimbrium region, but strong upregulation of S1PR5 over the range of doses examined. These data illustrate a hitherto undescribed complexity of S1PR response to FTY720 in the hippocampus, independent of drug effect on effector immune cells, but simultaneously emphasize the need to explore novel treatment strategies to specifically address mood disorders in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pece Kocovski
- Department of Psychology and Counselling, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Nuzhat Tabassum-Sheikh
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science (LIMS), La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Stephanie Marinis
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science (LIMS), La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Phuc T. Dang
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science (LIMS), La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Matthew W. Hale
- Department of Psychology and Counselling, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jacqueline M. Orian
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science (LIMS), La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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15
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Burek DJ, Massaly N, Doering M, Zec A, Gaelen J, Morón JA. Long-term inflammatory pain does not impact exploratory behavior and stress coping strategies in mice. Pain 2021; 162:1705-1721. [PMID: 33433146 PMCID: PMC8119306 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Pain puts patients at risk for developing psychiatric conditions such as anxiety and depression. Preclinical mouse models of pain-induced affective behavior vary widely in methodology and results, impairing progress towards improved therapeutics. To systematically investigate the effect of long-term inflammatory pain on exploratory behavior and stress coping strategy, we assessed male C57BL/6J mice in the forced swim test (FST), elevated zero maze, and open field test at 4 and 6 weeks postinjection of Complete Freund's Adjuvant, while controlling for testing order and combination. Inflammatory pain did not induce a passive stress coping strategy in the FST and did not reduce exploratory behavior in the elevated zero maze or the open field test. Using systematic correlational analysis and composite behavioral scores, we found no consistent association among measures for mice with or without inflammatory pain. A meta-analysis of similar studies indicated a modest, significant effect of Complete Freund's Adjuvant on exploratory behavior, but not immobility in the FST, and high heterogeneity among effect sizes in all 3 paradigms. Given the urgency for understanding the mechanisms of pain comorbidities and identifying novel therapies, these findings support the reallocation of our limited resources away from such unreliable assays and toward motivated and naturalistic behaviors. Future studies in pain and psychiatric translational research may benefit by considering outcomes beyond binary categorization, quantifying the associations between multiple measured behaviors, and agnostically identifying subtle yet meaningful patterns in behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika J. Burek
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Washington University in St. Louis Pain Center, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Nicolas Massaly
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Washington University in St. Louis Pain Center, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Michelle Doering
- Bernard Becker Medical Library, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Azra Zec
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Washington University in St. Louis Pain Center, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Jordan Gaelen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Washington University in St. Louis Pain Center, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Jose A. Morón
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Washington University in St. Louis Pain Center, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
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16
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Di Menna L, Busceti CL, Ginerete RP, D'Errico G, Orlando R, Alborghetti M, Bruno V, Battaglia G, Fornai F, Leoni L, Rampioni G, Visca P, Monn JA, Nicoletti F. The bacterial quorum sensing molecule, 2-heptyl-3-hydroxy-4-quinolone (PQS), inhibits signal transduction mechanisms in brain tissue and is behaviorally active in mice. Pharmacol Res 2021; 170:105691. [PMID: 34044128 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Interkingdom communication between bacteria and host organisms is one of the most interesting research topics in biology. Quorum sensing molecules produced by Gram-negative bacteria, such as acylated homoserine lactones and quinolones, have been shown to interact with host cell receptors, stimulating innate immunity and bacterial clearance. To our knowledge, there is no evidence that these molecules influence CNS function. Here, we have found that low micromolar concentrations of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa quorum sensing autoinducer, 2-heptyl-3-hydroxy-4-quinolone (PQS), inhibited polyphosphoinositide hydrolysis in mouse brain slices, whereas four selected acylated homoserine lactones were inactive. PQS also inhibited forskolin-stimulated cAMP formation in brain slices. We therefore focused on PQS in our study. Biochemical effects of PQS were not mediated by the bitter taste receptors, T2R4 and T2R16. Interestingly, submicromolar concentrations of PQS could be detected in the serum and brain tissue of adult mice under normal conditions. Levels increased in five selected brain regions after single i.p. injection of PQS (10 mg/kg), peaked after 15 min, and returned back to normal between 1 and 4 h. Systemically administered PQS reduced spontaneous locomotor activity, increased the immobility time in the forced swim test, and largely attenuated motor response to the psychostimulant, methamphetamine. These findings offer the first demonstration that a quorum sensing molecule specifically produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa is centrally active and influences cell signaling and behavior. Quorum sensing autoinducers might represent new interkingdom signaling molecules between ecological communities of commensal, symbiotic, and pathogenic microorganisms and the host CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - R Orlando
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy; Department of Physiology and Phamacology, Sapienza University, Roma, Italy
| | - M Alborghetti
- Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University, Italy
| | - V Bruno
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy; Department of Physiology and Phamacology, Sapienza University, Roma, Italy
| | - G Battaglia
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy; Department of Physiology and Phamacology, Sapienza University, Roma, Italy
| | - F Fornai
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy; Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - L Leoni
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Roma, Italy
| | - G Rampioni
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Roma, Italy; Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - P Visca
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Roma, Italy; Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | | | - F Nicoletti
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy; Department of Physiology and Phamacology, Sapienza University, Roma, Italy.
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17
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Alborghetti M, Bellucci G, Gentile A, Calderoni C, Nicoletti F, Capra R, Salvetti M, Centonze D. Drugs used in the treatment of multiple sclerosis during COVID-19 pandemic: a critical viewpoint. Curr Neuropharmacol 2021; 20:107-125. [PMID: 33784961 PMCID: PMC9199540 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x19666210330094017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Since COVID-19 has emerged as a word public health problem, attention has been focused on how immune-suppressive drugs used for the treatment of autoimmune disorders influence the risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection and the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Here, we discuss the disease-modifying agents approved for the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) within this context. Interferon (IFN)-β1a and -1b, which display antiviral activity, could be protective in the early stage of COVID-19 infection, although SARS-CoV-2 may have developed resistance to IFNs. However, in the hyperinflammation stage, IFNs may become detrimental by facilitating macrophage invasion in the lung and other organs. Glatiramer acetate and its analogues should not interfere with the development of COVID-19 and may be considered safe. Teriflunomide, a first-line oral drug used in the treatment of relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS), may display antiviral activity by depleting cellular nucleotides necessary for viral replication. The other first-line drug, dimethyl fumarate, may afford protection against SARS-CoV-2 by activating the Nrf-2 pathway and reinforcing the cellular defenses against oxidative stress. Concern has been raised regarding the use of second-line treatments for MS during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, this concern is not always justified. For example, fingolimod might be highly beneficial during the hyperinflammatory stage of COVID-19 for a number of mechanisms, including the reinforcement of the endothelial barrier. Caution is suggested for the use of natalizumab, cladribine, alemtuzumab, and ocrelizumab, although MS disease recurrence after discontinuation of these drugs may overcome a potential risk for COVID-19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marika Alborghetti
- Departments of Neuroscience Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University Sapienza of Rome. Italy
| | - Gianmarco Bellucci
- Departments of Neuroscience Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University Sapienza of Rome. Italy
| | - Antonietta Gentile
- Synaptic Immunopathology Lab, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, 00166 Rome. Italy
| | - Chiara Calderoni
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology, University Sapienza of Rome. Italy
| | | | - Ruggero Capra
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, ASST Ospedali Civili, Brescia. Italy
| | - Marco Salvetti
- Departments of Neuroscience Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS),University Sapienza of Rome. Italy
| | - Diego Centonze
- Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome. Italy
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18
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Guo Y, Gan X, Zhou H, Zhou H, Pu S, Long X, Ren C, Feng T, Tang H. Fingolimod suppressed the chronic unpredictable mild stress-induced depressive-like behaviors via affecting microglial and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Life Sci 2020; 263:118582. [PMID: 33058911 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Depression is a common aspect of the modern lifestyle, and most patients are recalcitrant to the current antidepressants. Fingolimod (FTY720), a sphingosine analogue approved for the treatment of multiple sclerosis, has a significant neuroprotective effect on the central nervous system. The aim of this study was to determine the potential therapeutic effect of FTY720 on the behavior and cognitive function of rats exposed daily to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS), and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. The 42-day CUMS modeling induced depression-like behavior as indicated by the scores of sugar water preference, forced swimming, open field and Morris water maze tests. Mechanistically, CUMS caused significant damage to the hippocampal neurons, increased inflammation and oxidative stress, activated the NF-κB/NLRP3 axis, and skewed microglial polarization to the M1 phenotype. FTY720 not only alleviated neuronal damage and oxidative stress, but also improved the depression-like behavior and cognitive function of the rats. It also inhibited NF-κB activation and blocked NLRP3 inflammasome assembly by down-regulating NLRP3, ACS and caspase-1. Furthermore, FTY720 inhibited the microglial M1 polarization markers iNOS and CD16, and promoted the M2 markers Arg-1 and CD206. This in turn reduced the levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β, and increased that of IL-10 in the hippocampus. In conclusion, FTY720 protects hippocampal neurons from stress-induced damage and alleviates depressive symptoms by inhibiting neuroinflammation. Our study provides a theoretical basis for S1P receptor modulation in treating depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanxin Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Xiaohong Gan
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Houfeng Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Hongjing Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Shiyun Pu
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Xia Long
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Changyu Ren
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Tao Feng
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Hongmei Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.
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19
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De Simone R, Butera A, Armida M, Pezzola A, Boirivant M, Potenza RL, Ricceri L. Beneficial Effects of Fingolimod on Social Interaction, CNS and Peripheral Immune Response in the BTBR Mouse Model of Autism. Neuroscience 2020; 435:22-32. [PMID: 32229233 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by social communication deficits and repetitive/stereotyped behaviours. We evaluated the effects of a chronic treatment with the immunomodulator drug Fingolimod (FTY720 - a non-selective Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Receptor ligand) in an ASD model, the BTBR T+tf/J (BTBR) mouse strain. In adult BTBR males, chronic FTY720 treatment (4 weeks) increased social and vocal response during a male-female interaction and hippocampal expression of BDNF and Neuregulin 1, two trophic factors reduced in BTBR when compared to control C57 mice. FTY720 also re-established the expression of IL-1β and MnSOD in the hippocampus, whereas it did not modify IL-6 mRNA content. In addition to its central effect, FTY720 modulated the activation state of peripheral macrophages in the BTBR model, both in basal conditions and after stimulation with an immune challenge. Furthermore, IL-6 mRNA colonic content of BTBR mice, reduced when compared with C57 mice, was normalized by chronic treatment with FTY720. Our study, while indicating FTY720 as a tool to attenuate relevant alterations of the BTBR neurobehavioural phenotype, emphasizes the importance of gut mucosal immune evaluation as an additional target that deserve to be investigated in preclinical studies of anti-inflammatory therapeutic approaches in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta De Simone
- National Centre for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessia Butera
- National Centre for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Monica Armida
- National Centre for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Pezzola
- National Centre for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Monica Boirivant
- National Centre for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosa Luisa Potenza
- National Centre for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
| | - Laura Ricceri
- Centre for Behavioural Science and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
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20
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Grech LB, Butler E, Stuckey S, Hester R. Neuroprotective Benefits of Antidepressants in Multiple Sclerosis: Are We Missing the Mark? J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 2020; 31:289-297. [PMID: 30945589 DOI: 10.1176/appi.neuropsych.18070164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The potential of antidepressant medication to have a neuroprotective effect for people with multiple sclerosis (MS) has received increased interest in recent years. The possibility of antidepressants, particularly fluoxetine, for potential repurposing to treat primary progressive and secondary progressive MS is of interest as a result of the relative lack of disease-modifying medications for these subtypes. A number of animal studies have found positive results for a neuroprotective effect of antidepressant use in MS, with human studies showing mixed results. These human studies all have a significant limitation: they exclude people with moderate to severe depressive symptoms, a core symptom of MS beyond that of reactive depression. It is likely that reregulation of the common mechanisms in depression and MS, such as inflammation, serotonin, norepinephrine, glutamate and brain-derived neurotropic factor disruption, and hypothalamic-pituitary-thalamic axis dysregulation, are important to the neuroprotective value of antidepressant medication. Given that MS is known for its heterogeneity, the question might be less about whether antidepressant medication provides neuroprotective benefits to people with multiple sclerosis but for whom they provide benefits and whether we are designing studies that will detect a benefit. To answer these questions, studies must include people with MS and depressive symptoms as well as people with relapsing remitting and chronic subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa B Grech
- From the Department of Psychological Sciences, Swinburne University, Melbourne, Australia (Grech); the Department of Cancer Experiences Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia (Grech); the Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Australia (Grech, Hester); the Department of Neurology, Monash Health, Victoria, Australia (Butler); the Department of Imaging, Monash Health, Victoria, Australia (Stuckey); and the Department of Imaging, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash Health, Monash University, Victoria, Australia (Stuckey)
| | - Ernest Butler
- From the Department of Psychological Sciences, Swinburne University, Melbourne, Australia (Grech); the Department of Cancer Experiences Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia (Grech); the Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Australia (Grech, Hester); the Department of Neurology, Monash Health, Victoria, Australia (Butler); the Department of Imaging, Monash Health, Victoria, Australia (Stuckey); and the Department of Imaging, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash Health, Monash University, Victoria, Australia (Stuckey)
| | - Stephen Stuckey
- From the Department of Psychological Sciences, Swinburne University, Melbourne, Australia (Grech); the Department of Cancer Experiences Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia (Grech); the Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Australia (Grech, Hester); the Department of Neurology, Monash Health, Victoria, Australia (Butler); the Department of Imaging, Monash Health, Victoria, Australia (Stuckey); and the Department of Imaging, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash Health, Monash University, Victoria, Australia (Stuckey)
| | - Robert Hester
- From the Department of Psychological Sciences, Swinburne University, Melbourne, Australia (Grech); the Department of Cancer Experiences Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia (Grech); the Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Australia (Grech, Hester); the Department of Neurology, Monash Health, Victoria, Australia (Butler); the Department of Imaging, Monash Health, Victoria, Australia (Stuckey); and the Department of Imaging, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash Health, Monash University, Victoria, Australia (Stuckey)
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van Kruining D, Luo Q, van Echten-Deckert G, Mielke MM, Bowman A, Ellis S, Oliveira TG, Martinez-Martinez P. Sphingolipids as prognostic biomarkers of neurodegeneration, neuroinflammation, and psychiatric diseases and their emerging role in lipidomic investigation methods. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 159:232-244. [PMID: 32360155 PMCID: PMC7665829 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lipids play an important role in neurodegeneration, neuroinflammation, and psychiatric disorders and an imbalance in sphingolipid levels is associated with disease. Although early diagnosis and intervention of these disorders would clearly have favorable long-term outcomes, no diagnostic tests currently exist that can accurately identify people at risk. Reliable prognostic biomarkers that are easily accessible would be beneficial to determine therapy and treatment response in clinical trials. Recent advances in lipidomic investigation methods have greatly progressed the knowledge of sphingolipids in neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders over the past decades although more longitudinal studies are needed to understand its exact role in these disorders to be used as potential tools in the clinic. In this review, we give an overview of the current knowledge of sphingolipids in neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders and explore recent advances in investigation methods. Finally, the potential of sphingolipid metabolism products and signaling molecules as potential biomarkers for diagnosis, prognostic, or surrogate markers of treatment response is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daan van Kruining
- Division of Neuroscience, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine, and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Qian Luo
- Division of Neuroscience, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine, and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Gerhild van Echten-Deckert
- LIMES Institute for Membrane Biology and Lipid Biochemistry, Kekulé-Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michelle M Mielke
- Department of Health Sciences Research and Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| | - Andrew Bowman
- The Maastricht Multimodal Molecular Imaging Institute (M4I), Division of Imaging Mass Spectrometry, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Shane Ellis
- The Maastricht Multimodal Molecular Imaging Institute (M4I), Division of Imaging Mass Spectrometry, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Tiago Gil Oliveira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), ICVS/3B's, School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Pilar Martinez-Martinez
- Division of Neuroscience, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine, and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
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22
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Antidepressant mechanisms of venlafaxine involving increasing histone acetylation and modulating tyrosine hydroxylase and tryptophan hydroxylase expression in hippocampus of depressive rats. Neuroreport 2019; 30:255-261. [PMID: 30640193 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Venlafaxine (VEN) is a widely used antidepressant as a serotonin-reuptake and norepinephrine-reuptake inhibitor. It is used primarily in depression, especially with generalized anxiety disorder or chronic pain. This medicine is of interest because its mechanisms involved multiple aspects. In the current study, the antidepressant action of VEN was investigated by studying the histone acetylation and expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) in rats exposed to chronic unpredicted stress (CUS) for 28 days. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into a control group, VEN-treated control group, CUS group, and VEN-treated CUS group. VEN (23.4 mg/kg once daily) was administered to rats by intragastric gavage, whereas the same volume of vehicle was given to rats in the control and model groups. Rat behaviors, acetylated H3 at lysine 9 (acH3K9), acetylated H3 at lysine 14 (acH3K14), acetylated H4 at lysine 12 (acH4K12), histone deacetylase 5, and TH and TPH expression in the hippocampus were determined. Chronic VEN treatment significantly relieved the anxiety- and depression-like behaviors, prevented the increase of histone deacetylase 5 expression and decrease of acH3K9 level, and promoted TH and TPH protein expression in the hippocampus of CUS rats. The results suggest that the preventive antidepressant mechanism of VEN is partly involved in the blocking effects on histone de-acetylated modification and then increasing TH, TPH expression.
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Metzdorf J, Hobloss Z, Schlevogt S, Ayzenberg I, Stahlke S, Pedreiturria X, Haupeltshofer S, Gold R, Tönges L, Kleiter I. Fingolimod for Irradiation-Induced Neurodegeneration. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:699. [PMID: 31354410 PMCID: PMC6633210 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cranial irradiation is a common therapy for the treatment of brain tumors, but unfortunately patients suffer from side effects, particularly cognitive impairment, caused by neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory mechanisms. Finding a therapeutic agent protecting hippocampal neurons would be beneficial. Fingolimod (FTY720), a sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulator approved for multiple sclerosis, is an immunosuppressant and known to enhance proliferation and differentiation of neuronal precursor cells (NPCs). Objectives To investigate whether pre-treatment with FTY720 protects NPCs in vitro and in vivo from irradiation-induced damage. Methods Neuronal precursor cells were isolated from E13 C57BL/6 wildtype mice, treated at day 0 of differentiation with FTY720 and irradiated on day 6 with 1 Gy. NPCs were analyzed for markers of cell death (PI, caspase-3), proliferation (Ki67), and differentiation (DCX, βIII-tubulin). Adult C57BL/6 wildtype mice were treated with FTY720 (1 mg/kg) and received a single dose of 6 Gy cranial irradiation at day 7. Using immunohistochemistry, we analyzed DCX and BrdU as markers of neurogenesis and Iba1, GFAP, and CD3 to visualize inflammation in the dentate gyrus (DG) and the subventricular zone (SVZ). B6(Cg)-Tyrc-2J/J DCX-luc reporter mice were used for bioluminescence imaging to evaluate the effect of FTY720 on neurogenesis in the DG and the spinal cord of naïve mice. Results FTY720 protected NPCs against irradiation induced cell death in vitro. Treatment with FTY720 dose-dependently reduced the number of PI+ cells 24 and 96 h after irradiation without effecting proliferation or neuronal differentiation. In vivo treatment resulted in a significant survival of DCX+ neurons in the DG and the SVZ 4 weeks after irradiation as well as a slight increase of proliferating cells. FTY720 inhibited microglia activation 24 h after X-ray exposure in the DG, while astrocyte activation was unaffected and no lymphocyte infiltrations were found. In naïve mice, FTY720 treatment for 4 weeks had no effect on neurogenesis. Conclusion FTY720 treatment of NPCs prior to X-ray exposure and of mice prior to cranial irradiation is neuroprotective. No effects on neurogenesis were found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Metzdorf
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University, Bochum, Germany
| | - Zaynab Hobloss
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University, Bochum, Germany
| | - Sibylle Schlevogt
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University, Bochum, Germany
| | - Ilya Ayzenberg
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University, Bochum, Germany.,Department of Neurology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sarah Stahlke
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University, Bochum, Germany
| | | | | | - Ralf Gold
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University, Bochum, Germany
| | - Lars Tönges
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University, Bochum, Germany
| | - Ingo Kleiter
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University, Bochum, Germany.,Marianne-Strauß-Klinik, Behandlungszentrum Kempfenhausen für Multiple Sklerose Kranke, Berg, Germany
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24
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High dose of dexamethasone protects against EAE-induced motor deficits but impairs learning/memory in C57BL/6 mice. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6673. [PMID: 31040362 PMCID: PMC6491620 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43217-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune and neuroinflammatory disease characterized by demyelination of the Central Nervous System. Immune cells activation and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines play a crucial role in the disease modulation, decisively contributing to the neurodegeneration observed in MS and the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the widely used MS animal model. Synthetic glucocorticoids, commonly used to treat the MS attacks, have controversial effects on neuroinflammation and cognition. We sought to verify the influence of dexamethasone (DEX) on the EAE progression and on EAE-induced cognitive deficits. In myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein peptide (MOG35-55)-induced EAE female mice, treated once with DEX (50 mg/kg) or not, on the day of immunization, DEX decreased EAE-induced motor clinical scores, infiltrating cells in the spinal cord and delayed serum corticosterone peak. At the asymptomatic phase (8-day post-immunization), DEX did not protected from the EAE-induced memory consolidation deficits, which were accompanied by increased glucocorticoid receptor (GR) activity and decreased EGR-1 expression in the hippocampus. Blunting hippocampal GR genomic activation with DnGR vectors prevented DEX effects on EAE-induced memory impairment. These data suggest that, although DEX improves clinical signs, it decreases cognitive and memory capacity by diminishing neuronal activity and potentiating some aspects of neuroinflammation in EAE.
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25
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Mike EV, Makinde HM, Der E, Stock A, Gulinello M, Gadhvi GT, Winter DR, Cuda CM, Putterman C. Neuropsychiatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Is Dependent on Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Signaling. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2189. [PMID: 30319641 PMCID: PMC6168636 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
About 40% of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus experience diffuse neuropsychiatric manifestations, including impaired cognition and depression. Although the pathogenesis of diffuse neuropsychiatric SLE (NPSLE) is not fully understood, loss of brain barrier integrity, autoreactive antibodies, and pro-inflammatory cytokines are major contributors to disease development. Fingolimod, a sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptor modulator, prevents lymphocyte egress from lymphoid organs through functional antagonism of S1P receptors. In addition to reducing the circulation of autoreactive lymphocytes, fingolimod has direct neuroprotective effects such as preserving brain barrier integrity and decreasing pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion by astrocytes and microglia. Given these effects, we hypothesized that fingolimod would attenuate neurobehavioral deficits in MRL-lpr/lpr (MRL/lpr) mice, a validated neuropsychiatric lupus model. Fingolimod treatment was initiated after the onset of disease, and mice were assessed for alterations in cognitive function and emotionality. We found that fingolimod significantly attenuated spatial memory deficits and depression-like behavior in MRL/lpr mice. Immunofluorescent staining demonstrated a dramatic lessening of brain T cell and macrophage infiltration, and a significant reduction in cortical leakage of serum albumin, in fingolimod treated mice. Astrocytes and endothelial cells from treated mice exhibited reduced expression of inflammatory genes, while microglia showed differential regulation of key immune pathways. Notably, cytokine levels within the cortex and hippocampus were not appreciably decreased with fingolimod despite the improved neurobehavioral profile. Furthermore, despite a reduction in splenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, and circulating autoantibody titers, IgG deposition within the brain was unaffected by treatment. These findings suggest that fingolimod mediates attenuation of NPSLE through a mechanism that is not dependent on reduction of autoantibodies or cytokines, and highlight modulation of the S1P signaling pathway as a novel therapeutic target in lupus involving the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise V Mike
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Hadijat M Makinde
- Division of Rheumatology, Northwestern University School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Evan Der
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Ariel Stock
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Maria Gulinello
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience Animal Behavioral Core, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Gaurav T Gadhvi
- Division of Rheumatology, Northwestern University School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Deborah R Winter
- Division of Rheumatology, Northwestern University School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Carla M Cuda
- Division of Rheumatology, Northwestern University School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Chaim Putterman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States.,Division of Rheumatology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
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26
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Cheng Y, Desse S, Martinez A, Worthen RJ, Jope RS, Beurel E. TNFα disrupts blood brain barrier integrity to maintain prolonged depressive-like behavior in mice. Brain Behav Immun 2018; 69:556-567. [PMID: 29452218 PMCID: PMC5963697 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Recovery from major depressive disorder is difficult, particularly in patients who are refractory to antidepressant treatments. To examine factors that regulate recovery, we developed a prolonged learned helplessness depression model in mice. After the induction of learned helplessness, mice were separated into groups that recovered or did not recover within 4 weeks. Comparisons were made between groups in hippocampal proteins, inflammatory cytokines, and blood brain barrier (BBB) permeability. Compared with mice that recovered and control mice, non-recovered mice displaying prolonged learned helplessness had greater hippocampal activation of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3), higher levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), interleukin-17A, and interleukin-23, increased permeability of the blood brain barrier (BBB), and lower levels of the BBB tight junction proteins occludin, ZO1, and claudin-5. Treatment with the GSK3 inhibitor TDZD-8 reduced inflammatory cytokine levels, increased tight junction protein levels, and reversed impaired recovery from learned helplessness, demonstrating that prolonged learned helplessness is reversible and is maintained by abnormally active GSK3. In non-recovered mice with prolonged learned helpless, stimulation of sphingosine 1-phosphate receptors by Fingolimod or administration of the TNFα inhibitor etanercept repaired the BBB and reversed impaired recovery from prolonged learned helplessness. Thus, disrupted BBB integrity mediated in part by TNFα contributes to blocking recovery from prolonged learned helplessness depression-like behavior. Overall, this report describes a new model of prolonged depression-like behavior and demonstrates that stress-induced GSK3 activation contributes to disruption of BBB integrity mediated by inflammation, particularly TNFα, which contributes to impaired recovery from prolonged learned helplessness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyan Cheng
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136
| | - Sachi Desse
- Department of Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146
| | - Ana Martinez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas-CSIC, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ryan J. Worthen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136
| | - Richard S. Jope
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136,Corresponding author: Richard S. Jope, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1011 NW 15th Street, Gautier Building room 416, Miami, Florida 33136 USA, phone: 305-243-0262,
| | - Eleonore Beurel
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136
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Liu F, Wu J, Gong Y, Wang P, Zhu L, Tong L, Chen X, Ling Y, Huang C. Harmine produces antidepressant-like effects via restoration of astrocytic functions. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2017. [PMID: 28625859 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Depression is a world-wide disease with no effective therapeutic methods. Increasing evidence indicates that astrocytic pathology contributes to the formation of depression. In this study, we investigated the effects of harmine, a natural β-carboline alkaloid and potent hallucinogen, known to modulate astrocytic glutamate transporters, on chronic unpredictable stress (CUS)-induced depressive-like behaviors and astrocytic dysfunctions. Results showed that harmine treatment (10, 20mg/kg) protected the mice against the CUS-induced increases in the immobile time in the tail suspension test (TST) and forced swimming test (FST), and also reversed the reduction in sucrose intake in the sucrose preference experiment. Harmine treatment (20mg/kg) prevented the reductions in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) protein levels and hippocampal neurogenesis induced by CUS. In addition, harmine treatment (20mg/kg) increased the protein expression levels of glutamate transporter 1 (GLT-1) and prevented the CUS-induced decreases in glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) protein expressions in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, suggesting that restoration of astrocytic functions may be a potential mechanism underlying the antidepressant-like effects of harmine. This opinion was proved by the results that administration of mice with l-Alpha-Aminoadipic Acid (L-AAA), a gliotoxin specific for astrocytes, attenuated the antidepressant-like effects of harmine, and prevented the improvement effects of harmine on BDNF protein levels and hippocampal neurogenesis. These results provide further evidence to confirm that astrocytic dysfunction contributes critically to the development of depression and that harmine exerts antidepressant-like effects likely through restoration of astrocytic functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengguo Liu
- Department of Neurology, Danyang People's Hospital, #2 Xinmin Western Road, Danyang 212300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingjing Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, #118 Wansheng Street, Suzhou 215021, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Gong
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, #19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target of Jiangsu Province, #19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, #19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target of Jiangsu Province, #19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, First People's Hospital of Yancheng, Yulong Western Road, Yancheng 224006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lijuan Tong
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, #19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target of Jiangsu Province, #19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiangfan Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, #19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target of Jiangsu Province, #19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yong Ling
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, #19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target of Jiangsu Province, #19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chao Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, #19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target of Jiangsu Province, #19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China.
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Leo A, Citraro R, Amodio N, De Sarro C, Gallo Cantafio ME, Constanti A, De Sarro G, Russo E. Fingolimod Exerts only Temporary Antiepileptogenic Effects but Longer-Lasting Positive Effects on Behavior in the WAG/Rij Rat Absence Epilepsy Model. Neurotherapeutics 2017; 14:1134-1147. [PMID: 28653281 PMCID: PMC5722759 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-017-0550-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the major challenges in the epilepsy field is identifying disease-modifying drugs in order to prevent or delay spontaneous recurrent seizure onset or to cure already established epilepsy. It has been recently reported that fingolimod, currently approved for the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, has demonstrated antiepileptogenic effects in 2 different preclinical models of acquired epilepsy. However, to date, no data exist regarding the role of fingolimod against genetic epilepsy. Therefore, we have addressed this issue by studying the effects of fingolimod in Wistar Albino Glaxo/Rijswijk (WAG/Rij) rats, a well-established genetic model of absence epilepsy, epileptogenesis, and neuropsychiatric comorbidity. Our results have demonstrated that an early long-term treatment with fingolimod (1 mg/kg/day), started before absence seizure onset, has both antiepileptogenic and antidepressant-like effects in WAG/Rij rats. However, these effects were transitory, as 5 months after treatment discontinuation, both absence seizure and depressive like-behavior returned to control levels. Furthermore, a temporary reduction of mTOR signaling pathway activity, indicated by reduced phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin and phosphorylated p70S6k levels, and by increased phosphorylated Akt in WAG/Rij rats of 6 months of age accompanied the transitory antiepileptogenic effects of fingolimod. Surprisingly, fingolimod has demonstrated longer-lasting positive effects on cognitive decline in this strain. This effect was accompanied by an increased acetylation of lysine 8 of histone H4 (at both 6 and 10 months of age). In conclusion, our results support the antiepileptogenic effects of fingolimod. However, the antiepileptogenic effects were transitory. Moreover, fingolimod might also have a positive impact on animal behavior and particularly in protecting the development of memory decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Leo
- Science of Health Department, School of Medicine, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rita Citraro
- Science of Health Department, School of Medicine, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Nicola Amodio
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University and Translational Medical Oncology Unit, Salvatore Venuta University Campus, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Caterina De Sarro
- Science of Health Department, School of Medicine, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maria Eugenia Gallo Cantafio
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University and Translational Medical Oncology Unit, Salvatore Venuta University Campus, Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | - Giovambattista De Sarro
- Science of Health Department, School of Medicine, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Emilio Russo
- Science of Health Department, School of Medicine, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
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29
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Castrén E, Antila H. Neuronal plasticity and neurotrophic factors in drug responses. Mol Psychiatry 2017; 22:1085-1095. [PMID: 28397840 PMCID: PMC5510719 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2017.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neurotrophic factors, particularly brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and other members of the neurotrophin family, are central mediators of the activity-dependent plasticity through which environmental experiences, such as sensory information are translated into the structure and function of neuronal networks. Synthesis, release and action of BDNF is regulated by neuronal activity and BDNF in turn leads to trophic effects such as formation, stabilization and potentiation of synapses through its high-affinity TrkB receptors. Several clinically available drugs activate neurotrophin signaling and neuronal plasticity. In particular, antidepressant drugs rapidly activate TrkB signaling and gradually increase BDNF expression, and the behavioral effects of antidepressants are mediated by and dependent on BDNF signaling through TrkB at least in rodents. These findings indicate that antidepressants, widely used drugs, effectively act as TrkB activators. They further imply that neuronal plasticity is a central mechanism in the action of antidepressant drugs. Indeed, it was recently discovered that antidepressants reactivate a state of plasticity in the adult cerebral cortex that closely resembles the enhanced plasticity normally observed during postnatal critical periods. This state of induced plasticity, known as iPlasticity, allows environmental stimuli to beneficially reorganize networks abnormally wired during early life. iPlasticity has been observed in cortical as well as subcortical networks and is induced by several pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments. iPlasticity is a new pharmacological principle where drug treatment and rehabilitation cooperate; the drug acts permissively to enhance plasticity and rehabilitation provides activity to guide the appropriate wiring of the plastic network. Optimization of iPlastic drug treatment with novel means of rehabilitation may help improve the efficacy of available drug treatments and expand the use of currently existing drugs into new indications.
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Lei M, Shafique A, Shang K, Couttas TA, Zhao H, Don AS, Karl T. Contextual fear conditioning is enhanced in mice lacking functional sphingosine kinase 2. Behav Brain Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Cipriani R, Chara JC, Rodríguez-Antigüedad A, Matute C. Effects of FTY720 on brain neurogenic niches in vitro and after kainic acid-induced injury. J Neuroinflammation 2017; 14:147. [PMID: 28738875 PMCID: PMC5525223 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-017-0922-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background FTY720 (fingolimod, Gilenya™) is an oral, blood-brain barrier (BBB)-passing drug approved as immunomodulatory treatment for relapsing-remitting form of the multiple sclerosis (MS). In addition, FTY720 exerts several effects in the central nervous system (CNS), ranging from neuroprotection to reduction of neuroinflammation. However, the neurogenic and oligodendrogenic potential of FTY720 has been poorly investigated. In this study, we assessed the effect of FTY720 on the production of new neurons and oligodendrocytes from neural stem/precursor cells both in vitro and in vivo. Methods Neural stem cells (NSCs) derived from the young rat subventricular zone (SVZ) were exposed to FTY720 (10, 100 nM), and their differentiation into neurons and oligodendrocytes was measured using immunofluorescence for anti-β-III tubulin or CNPase (2′,3′-cyclic nucleotide 3′-phosphodiesterase) as markers of mature neurons or oligodendrocytes, respectively. In addition, intracerebroventricular (icv) administration of kainic acid (KA; 0.5 μg/2 μl) in Sprague-Dawley rats was used as an in vivo model of neuronal death and inflammation. FTY720 was applied icv (1 μg/2 μl), together with KA, plus intraperitoneally (ip; 1 mg/kg) 24 h before, and daily, until sacrifice 8 days after KA injection. To visualize cell proliferation in the hippocampus and in white matter regions, rats were administered 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU) 100 mg/kg, ip injected every 2 days. Immunohistochemical analyses were performed on rat brain slices to measure the production of new neuronal precursors (doublecortin/DCX+ cells) and new oligodendrocytes precursors (proteoglycan/NG2+ cells). Results In this study, we observed that FTY720 increased postnatal NSCs differentiation into both neurons and oligodendrocytes in vitro. In turn, in adult animals, FTY720 enhanced the percentage of BrdU+ cells coexpressing DCX marker, both in basal (FTY720 alone) and in neurodegenerative (FTY720 + KA) conditions. However, FTY720 had only a partial effect on proliferation and differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC) population in vivo. Conclusions FTY720 promotes neurogenesis and oligodendrogenesis in vitro under basal conditions. In addition, it increases the generation of neuroblasts and oligodendrocytes after excitotoxic brain injury. This suggests that FTY720 has the potential to activate the neurogenic niche and thus favour tissue repair after lesion. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12974-017-0922-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaela Cipriani
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red (CIBERNED), Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience and Departamento de Neurociencias, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), E-48940, Leioa, Spain.
| | - Juan Carlos Chara
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red (CIBERNED), Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience and Departamento de Neurociencias, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), E-48940, Leioa, Spain
| | | | - Carlos Matute
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red (CIBERNED), Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience and Departamento de Neurociencias, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), E-48940, Leioa, Spain
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Aripiprazole inhibits polyI:C-induced microglial activation possibly via TRPM7. Schizophr Res 2016; 178:35-43. [PMID: 27614570 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2016.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Viral infections during fetal and adolescent periods, as well as during the course of schizophrenia itself have been linked to the onset and/or relapse of a psychosis. We previously reported that the unique antipsychotic aripiprazole, a partial D2 agonist, inhibits the release of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α from interferon-γ-activated rodent microglial cells. Polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (polyI:C) has recently been used as a standard model of viral infections, and recent in vitro studies have shown that microglia are activated by polyI:C. Aripiprazole has been reported to ameliorate behavioral abnormalities in polyI:C-induced mice. To clarify the anti-inflammatory properties of aripiprazole, we investigated the effects of aripiprazole on polyI:C-induced microglial activation in a cellular model of murine microglial cells and possible surrogate cells for human microglia. PolyI:C treatment of murine microglial cells activated the production of TNF-α and enhanced the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, whereas aripiprazole inhibited these responses. In addition, polyI:C treatment of possible surrogate cells for human microglia markedly increased TNF-α mRNA expression in cells from three healthy volunteers. Aripiprazole inhibited this increase in cells from two individuals. PolyI:C consistently increased intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) in murine microglial cells by influx of extracellular Ca2+. We demonstrated that transient receptor potential in melastatin 7 (TRPM7) channels contributed to this polyI:C-induced increase in [Ca2+]i. Taken together, these data suggest that aripiprazole may be therapeutic for schizophrenia by reducing microglial inflammatory reactions, and TRPM7 may be a novel therapeutic target for schizophrenia. Further studies are needed to validate these findings.
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Nuclear Lipids in the Nervous System: What they do in Health and Disease. Neurochem Res 2016; 42:321-336. [PMID: 27766461 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-016-2085-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In the last 20 years it has been widely demonstrated that cell nucleus contains neutral and polar lipids localized in nuclear membranes, nucleoli, nuclear matrix and chromatin. Nuclear lipids may show specific organization forming nuclear lipid microdomains and have both structural and functional roles. Depending on their localization, nuclear lipids play different roles such as the regulation of nuclear membrane and nuclear matrix fluidity but they also can act as platforms for vitamin and hormone function, for active chromatin anchoring, and for the regulation of gene expression, DNA duplication and transcription. Crosstalk among different kinds of lipid signalling pathways influence the physiopathology of numerous cell types. In neural cells the nuclear lipids are involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, inflammation, migration and apoptosis. Abnormal metabolism of nuclear lipids might be closely associated with tumorigenesis and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer disease and Parkinson disease among others.
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Sun Y, Hong F, Zhang L, Feng L. The sphingosine-1-phosphate analogue, FTY-720, promotes the proliferation of embryonic neural stem cells, enhances hippocampal neurogenesis and learning and memory abilities in adult mice. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 173:2793-807. [PMID: 27429358 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2015] [Revised: 06/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Fingolimod (FTY-720) is the first oral therapeutic drug approved for the relapsing-remitting forms of multiple sclerosis. Neural stem cells (NSCs) are capable of continuous self-renewal and differentiation. The dentate gyrus of the hippocampus in the adult mammalian brain contains a population of NSCs and is one of the regions where neurogenesis takes place. FTY-720 has been shown to have neuroprotective effects in several model systems, so we investigated the direct effects of FTY-720 on NSCs and adult neurogenesis. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACHES We assessed the effects of FTY-720 on the proliferation and differentiation of cultured embryonic hippocampal NSCs using the 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine incorporation assay, the neurosphere formation assay and western blot analysis. Receptor selective agonists and antagonists were used to identify the mechanisms involved. Neurogenesis in the hippocampus of C57BL/6 mice was also assessed by immunohistochemistry. The Morris water maze and fear conditioning tests were used to detect the learning and memory abilities of mice. KEY RESULTS FTY-720 promoted the proliferation of embryonic hippocampal NSCs probably via the activation of ERK signalling, Gi/o proteins and S1P1 receptors. However, FTY-720 did not affect the differentiation of cultured hippocampal NSCs. In vivo, chronic treatment with FTY-720 promoted hippocampal neurogenesis in adult C57BL/6 mice and enhanced their learning and memory abilities. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our results suggest a new target for the activation of NSCs and provide an insight into the therapeutic effects of FTY-720 in neuropsychiatric disorders, neurodegenerative diseases and age-related cognitive decline where hippocampal neurogenesis is compromised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yili Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Hong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Linyin Feng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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de Bruin NMWJ, Schmitz K, Schiffmann S, Tafferner N, Schmidt M, Jordan H, Häußler A, Tegeder I, Geisslinger G, Parnham MJ. Multiple rodent models and behavioral measures reveal unexpected responses to FTY720 and DMF in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Behav Brain Res 2015; 300:160-74. [PMID: 26692368 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a widely-used rodent model for multiple sclerosis (MS), but a single model can hardly capture all features of MS. We investigated whether behavioral parameters in addition to clinical motor function scores could be used to assess treatment efficacy during score-free intervals in the relapsing-remitting EAE model in SJL/J mice. We studied the effects of the clinical reference compounds FTY720 (fingolimod, 0.5mg/kg/day) and dimethyl fumarate (DMF, 20-30 mg/kg/day) on clinical scores in several rodent EAE models in order to generate efficacy profiles. SJL/J mice with relapsing-remitting EAE were studied using behavioral tests, including rotarod, gait analysis, locomotor activity and grip strength. SJL/J mice were also examined according to Crawley's sociability and preference for social novelty test. Prophylactic treatment with FTY720 prevented clinical scores in three of the four EAE rodent models: Dark Agouti (DA) and Lewis rats and C57BL/6J mice. Neither prophylactic nor late-therapeutic treatment with FTY720 reduced clinical scores or reversed deficits in the rotarod test in SJL/J mice, but we observed effects on motor functions and sociability in the absence of clinical scores. Prophylactic treatment with FTY720 improved the gait of SJL/J mice whereas late-therapeutic treatment improved manifestations of reduced social (re)cognition or preference for social novelty. DMF was tested in three EAE models and did not improve clinical scores at the dose used. These data indicate that improvements in behavioral deficits can occur in absence of clinical scores, which indicate subtle drug effects and may have translational value for human MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- N M W J de Bruin
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Project Group Translational Medicine & Pharmacology TMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - K Schmitz
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - S Schiffmann
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Project Group Translational Medicine & Pharmacology TMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - N Tafferner
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Project Group Translational Medicine & Pharmacology TMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - M Schmidt
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Project Group Translational Medicine & Pharmacology TMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - H Jordan
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Project Group Translational Medicine & Pharmacology TMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - A Häußler
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - I Tegeder
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - G Geisslinger
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Project Group Translational Medicine & Pharmacology TMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - M J Parnham
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Project Group Translational Medicine & Pharmacology TMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Efstathopoulos P, Kourgiantaki A, Karali K, Sidiropoulou K, Margioris AN, Gravanis A, Charalampopoulos I. Fingolimod induces neurogenesis in adult mouse hippocampus and improves contextual fear memory. Transl Psychiatry 2015; 5:e685. [PMID: 26795749 PMCID: PMC5545691 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2015.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fingolimod (FTY720) was the first per os administered disease-modifying agent approved for the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. It is thought that fingolimod modulates the immune response by activating sphingosine-1 phosphate receptor type 1 (S1P1) on lymphocytes following its in vivo phosphorylation. In addition to its immune-related effects, there is evidence that fingolimod exerts several other effects in the central nervous system, including regulation of the proliferation, survival and differentiation of various cell types and their precursors. In the present study, we have investigated the effect of fingolimod on the production of new neurons in the adult mouse hippocampus and the association of this effect with the ability for pattern separation, an established adult neurogenesis-dependent memory function. Immunofluorescence analysis after chronic administration of a physiologic dose of fingolimod (0.3 mg kg(-1)) revealed a significant increase in both the proliferation and the survival of neural progenitors in the area of dentate gyrus of hippocampus, compared with control animals. These effects were replicated in vitro, in cultures of murine hippocampal neural stem/precursor cells that express S1P1 receptor, suggesting cell-autonomous actions. The effects of fingolimod on neurogenesis were correlated to enhanced ability for context discrimination after fear conditioning. Since impairment of adult hippocampal neurogenesis and memory is a common feature of many neuropsychiatric conditions, fingolimod treatment may be beneficial in therapeutic armamentarium of these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Efstathopoulos
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece,Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Foundation of Research & Technology-Hellas (IMBB-FORTH), Heraklion, Greece
| | - A Kourgiantaki
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece,Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Foundation of Research & Technology-Hellas (IMBB-FORTH), Heraklion, Greece
| | - K Karali
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece,Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Foundation of Research & Technology-Hellas (IMBB-FORTH), Heraklion, Greece
| | - K Sidiropoulou
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - A N Margioris
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - A Gravanis
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece,Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Foundation of Research & Technology-Hellas (IMBB-FORTH), Heraklion, Greece
| | - I Charalampopoulos
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Stavrakia Voutes, Heraklion, Crete, GR-71003, Greece. E-mail:
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