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Castiglioni L, Gelosa P, Muluhie M, Mercuriali B, Rzemieniec J, Gotti M, Fiordaliso F, Busca G, Sironi L. Fenofibrate reduces cardiac remodeling by mitochondrial dynamics preservation in a renovascular model of cardiac hypertrophy. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 978:176767. [PMID: 38909934 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Fenofibrate, a PPAR-α agonist clinically used to lower serum lipid levels, reduces cardiac remodeling and improves cardiac function. However, its mechanism of action is not completely elucidated. In this study we examined the effect of fenofibrate on mitochondria in a rat model of renovascular hypertension, focusing on mediators controlling mitochondrial dynamics and autophagy. Rats with two-kidney one-clip (2K1C) hypertension were treated with fenofibrate 150 mg/kg/day (2K1C-FFB) or vehicle (2K1C-VEH) for 8 weeks. Systolic blood pressure and cardiac functional were in-vivo assessed, while cardiomyocyte size and protein expression of mediators of cardiac hypertrophy and mitochondrial dynamics were ex-vivo examined by histological and Western blot analyses. Fenofibrate treatment counteracted the development of hypertension and the increase of left ventricular mass, relative wall thickness and cross-sectional area of cardiomyocytes. Furthermore, fenofibrate re-balanced the expression Mfn2, Drp1 and Parkin, regulators of fusion, fission, mitophagy respectively. Regarding autophagy, the LC3-II/LC3-I ratio was increased in 2K1C-VEH and 2K1C-FFB, whereas the autophagy was increased only in 2K1C-FFB. In cultured H9C2 cardiomyoblasts, fenofibrate reversed the Ang II-induced mRNA up-regulation of hypertrophy markers Nppa and Myh7, accumulation of reactive oxygen species and depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane exerting protection mediated by up-regulation of the Uncoupling protein 2. Our results indicate that fenofibrate acts directly on cardiomyocytes and counteracts the pressure overload-induced cardiac maladaptive remodeling. This study reveals a so far hidden mechanism involving mitochondrial dynamics in the beneficial effects of fenofibrate, support its repurposing for the treatment of cardiac hypertrophy and provide new potential targets for its pharmacological function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Castiglioni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Gelosa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Majeda Muluhie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Joanna Rzemieniec
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Gotti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Fiordaliso
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Busca
- Azienda "Polo Veterinario di Lodi", University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Luigi Sironi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
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Owesny P, Grune T. The link between obesity and aging - insights into cardiac energy metabolism. Mech Ageing Dev 2023; 216:111870. [PMID: 37689316 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2023.111870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and aging are well-established risk factors for a range of diseases, including cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. Given the escalating prevalence of obesity, the aging population, and the subsequent increase in cardiovascular diseases, it is crucial to investigate the underlying mechanisms involved. Both aging and obesity have profound effects on the energy metabolism through various mechanisms, including metabolic inflexibility, altered substrate utilization for energy production, deregulated nutrient sensing, and mitochondrial dysfunction. In this review, we aim to present and discuss the hypothesis that obesity, due to its similarity in changes observed in the aging heart, may accelerate the process of cardiac aging and exacerbate the clinical outcomes of elderly individuals with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Owesny
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tilman Grune
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany.
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3
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Elezaby A, Dexheimer R, Sallam K. Cardiovascular effects of immunosuppression agents. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:981838. [PMID: 36211586 PMCID: PMC9534182 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.981838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunosuppressive medications are widely used to treat patients with neoplasms, autoimmune conditions and solid organ transplants. Key drug classes, namely calcineurin inhibitors, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors, and purine synthesis inhibitors, have direct effects on the structure and function of the heart and vascular system. In the heart, immunosuppressive agents modulate cardiac hypertrophy, mitochondrial function, and arrhythmia risk, while in vasculature, they influence vessel remodeling, circulating lipids, and blood pressure. The aim of this review is to present the preclinical and clinical literature examining the cardiovascular effects of immunosuppressive agents, with a specific focus on cyclosporine, tacrolimus, sirolimus, everolimus, mycophenolate, and azathioprine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aly Elezaby
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Ryan Dexheimer
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Karim Sallam
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Karim Sallam
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Adoga JO, Channa ML, Nadar A. Type-2 diabetic rat heart: The effect of kolaviron on mTOR-1, P70S60K, PKC-α, NF-kB, SOD-2, NRF-2, eNOS, AKT-1, ACE, and P38 MAPK gene expression profile. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 148:112736. [PMID: 35202911 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been established that genetic factors partially contribute to type-2 diabetes and vascular disease development. This study determined the effect of kolaviron on the expression profile of genes associated with the insulin signaling pathway and involved in regulating glucose and lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, inflammation, vascular functions, pro-survival and the apoptosis pathway in the heart of type-2 diabetic rats. After induction and confirmation of type-2 diabetes seven days after, the rats were treated with kolaviron for twenty-eight days before being euthanized. Organs were harvested and stored at - 80 °C in a biofreezer. Total RNA was extracted from the ventricle, reverse transcribed to cDNA followed by a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analysis of the expression of mTOR-1, P70S60K, PKC-α, NF-kB, SOD-2, NRF-2, eNOS, AKT-1, ACE, p38 MAPK and the reference gene (GAPDH), after which they were normalized/standardized. The results show an increase in the relative mRNA expression of mTOR/P70S60K/PKCα /P38MAPK/NF-KB/ACE and a decrease in the relative mRNA expression of NRF2/SOD/AKT/eNOS in the heart of the diabetic rats. Nevertheless, kolaviron modulated the expression profile of these genes, which suggest a therapeutic effect and target for vascular dysfunction and complications in type-2 diabetes through the activation of the NRF-2/AKT-1/eNOS signaling pathway and suppression of the NF-kB/PKC signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey O Adoga
- Department of Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4001, South Africa.
| | - Mahendra L Channa
- Department of Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Anand Nadar
- Department of Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4001, South Africa
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Deißler A, Della Penna A, van Geffen C, Gonzalez-Menendez I, Quintanilla-Martinez L, Günther A, Schneiderhan-Marra N, Hartl D, Nürnberg B, Königsrainer A, Kolahian S, Quante M. Rapamycin delays allograft rejection in obese graft recipients through induction of myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Immunol Lett 2021; 236:1-11. [PMID: 34015361 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2021.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Obesity has become a relevant problem in transplantation medicine with steadily increasing numbers of obese graft recipients. However, the effect of immunomodulatory drugs on transplant-related outcomes among obese patients are unknown. Therefore, we evaluated the impact of rapamycin on allograft rejection and alloimmune response in a murine model of diet-induced obesity and fully-mismatched skin transplantation. Rapamycin significantly delayed allograft rejection in obese recipient mice compared to treated lean mice (14.5 days vs. 10.7 days, p = 0.005). Treatment with rapamycin increased frequencies of monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (M-MDSCs), augmented the immunosuppressive activity of M-MDSCs on T cells through indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase pathway and shifted CD4+T cells towards regulatory T cells in obese graft recipients. In summary, our results demonstrate that rapamycin delays allograft rejection in obese graft recipients by enhancing suppressive immune cell function and shifting immune cell subsets towards anti-inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Deißler
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andrea Della Penna
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Chiel van Geffen
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Irene Gonzalez-Menendez
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology and Comprehensive Cancer Center Tübingen, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Leticia Quintanilla-Martinez
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology and Comprehensive Cancer Center Tübingen, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anna Günther
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | | | - Dominik Hartl
- Department of Pediatrics I, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bernd Nürnberg
- Department of Pharmacology, Experimental Therapy & Toxicology and Interfaculty Center of Pharmacogenomics & Drug Research (IZePhA), University Hospitals and Clinics, Eberhard-Karls University Tübingen, Germany
| | - Alfred Königsrainer
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Saeed Kolahian
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Molecular Diagnostics, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany; Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Germany.
| | - Markus Quante
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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Behl T, Sehgal A, Bala R, Chadha S. Understanding the molecular mechanisms and role of autophagy in obesity. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:2881-2895. [PMID: 33797660 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06298-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Vital for growth, proliferation, subsistence, and thermogenesis, autophagy is the biological cascade, which confers defence against aging and various pathologies. Current research has demonstrated de novo activity of autophagy in stimulation of biological events. There exists a significant association between autophagy activation and obesity, encompassing expansion of adipocytes which facilitates β cell activity. The main objective of the manuscript is to enumerate intrinsic role of autophagy in obesity and associated complications. The peer review articles published till date were searched using medical databases like PubMed and MEDLINE for research, primarily in English language. Obesity is characterized by adipocytic hypertrophy and hyperplasia, which leads to imbalance of lipid absorption, free fatty acid release, and mitochondrial activity. Detailed evaluation of obesity progression is necessary for its treatment and related comorbidities. Data collected in regard to etiological sustaining of obesity, has revealed hypothesized energy misbalance and neuro-humoral dysfunction, which is stimulated by autophagy. Autophagy regulates chief salvaging events for protein clustering, excessive triglycerides, and impaired mitochondria which is accompanied by oxidative and genotoxic stress in mammals. Autophagy is a homeostatic event, which regulates biological process by eliminating lethal cells and reprocessing physiological constituents, comprising of proteins and fat. Unquestionably, autophagy impairment is involved in metabolic syndromes, like obesity. According to an individual's metabolic outline, autophagy activation is essential for metabolism and activity of the adipose tissue and to retard metabolic syndrome i.e. obesity. The manuscript summarizes the perception of current knowledge on autophagy stimulation and its effect on the obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India.
| | - Aayush Sehgal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Rajni Bala
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Swati Chadha
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
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Li Y, Zheng N, Ding X. Mitophagy Disequilibrium, a Prominent Pathological Mechanism in Metabolic Heart Diseases. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2021; 14:4631-4640. [PMID: 34858041 PMCID: PMC8629916 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s336882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
With overall food intake among the general population as high as ever, metabolic syndrome (MetS) has become a global epidemic and is responsible for many serious life-threatening diseases, especially heart failure. In multiple metabolic disorders, maintaining a dynamic balance of mitochondrial number and function is necessary to prevent the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which has been proved to be one of the important mechanisms of cardiomyocyte injury due to the mismatching of oxygen consumption and mitochondrial population and finally to heart failure. Mitophagy is a process that eliminates damaged or redundant mitochondria. It is mediated by a series of signaling molecules, including PINK, parkin, BINP3, FUNDC1, CTSD, Drp1, Rab9 and mTOR. Meanwhile, increasing evidence also showed that the interaction between ferroptosis and mitophagy interfered with mitochondrial homeostasis. This review will focus on these essential molecules and pathways of mitophagy and cell homeostasis affected by hypoxia and other stimuli in metabolic heart diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhao Li
- The First Clinical College, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ningning Zheng
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xudong Ding
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Xudong Ding Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, 110004, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +8618940257698 Email
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Alleviation of salt-induced exacerbation of cardiac, renal, and visceral fat pathology in rats with metabolic syndrome by surgical removal of subcutaneous fat. Nutr Diabetes 2020; 10:28. [PMID: 32778644 PMCID: PMC7417575 DOI: 10.1038/s41387-020-00132-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Evidence suggests that visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) should be considered as distinct types of white fat. Although VAT plays a key role in metabolic syndrome (MetS), the role of subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) has been unclear. DahlS.Z-Leprfa/Leprfa (DS/obese) rats, an animal model of MetS, develop adipocyte hypertrophy and inflammation to similar extents in SAT and VAT. We have now investigated the effects of salt loading and SAT removal on cardiac, renal, and VAT pathology in DS/obese rats. METHODS DS/obese rats were subjected to surgical removal of inguinal SAT or sham surgery at 8 weeks of age. They were provided with a 0.3% NaCl solution as drinking water or water alone for 4 weeks from 9 weeks of age. RESULTS Salt loading exacerbated hypertension, insulin resistance, as well as left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy, inflammation, fibrosis, and diastolic dysfunction in DS/obese rats. It also reduced both SAT and VAT mass but aggravated inflammation only in VAT. Although SAT removal did not affect LV hypertrophy in salt-loaded DS/obese rats, it attenuated hypertension, insulin resistance, and LV injury as well as restored fat mass and alleviated inflammation and the downregulation of adiponectin gene expression in VAT. In addition, whereas salt loading worsened renal injury as well as upregulated the expression of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system-related genes in the kidney, these effects were suppressed by removal of SAT. CONCLUSIONS SAT removal attenuated salt-induced exacerbation of MetS and LV and renal pathology in DS/obese rats. These beneficial effects of SAT removal are likely attributable, at least in part, to inhibition of both VAT and systemic inflammation.
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Role of the Nox4/AMPK/mTOR signaling axe in adipose inflammation-induced kidney injury. Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 134:403-417. [PMID: 32095833 DOI: 10.1042/cs20190584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease is one of the most serious complications of diabetes worldwide and is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease. While research has primarily focused on hyperglycemia as a key player in the pathophysiology of diabetic complications, recently, increasing evidence have underlined the role of adipose inflammation in modulating the development and/or progression of diabetic kidney disease. This review focuses on how adipose inflammation contribute to diabetic kidney disease. Furthermore, it discusses in detail the underlying mechanisms of adipose inflammation, including pro-inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress, and AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway and critically describes their role in diabetic kidney disease. This in-depth understanding of adipose inflammation and its impact on diabetic kidney disease highlights the need for novel interventions in the treatment of diabetic complications.
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Oxidative-Antioxidant Imbalance and Impaired Glucose Metabolism in Schizophrenia. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10030384. [PMID: 32121669 PMCID: PMC7175146 DOI: 10.3390/biom10030384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental disorder featuring chronic, complex neuropsychiatric features. The etiology and pathogenesis of schizophrenia are not fully understood. Oxidative-antioxidant imbalance is a potential determinant of schizophrenia. Oxidative, nitrosative, or sulfuric damage to enzymes of glycolysis and tricarboxylic acid cycle, as well as calcium transport and ATP biosynthesis might cause impaired bioenergetics function in the brain. This could explain the initial symptoms, such as the first psychotic episode and mild cognitive impairment. Another concept of the etiopathogenesis of schizophrenia is associated with impaired glucose metabolism and insulin resistance with the activation of the mTOR mitochondrial pathway, which may contribute to impaired neuronal development. Consequently, cognitive processes requiring ATP are compromised and dysfunctions in synaptic transmission lead to neuronal death, preceding changes in key brain areas. This review summarizes the role and mutual interactions of oxidative damage and impaired glucose metabolism as key factors affecting metabolic complications in schizophrenia. These observations may be a premise for novel potential therapeutic targets that will delay not only the onset of first symptoms but also the progression of schizophrenia and its complications.
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Paczkowska-Abdulsalam M, Niemira M, Bielska A, Szałkowska A, Raczkowska BA, Junttila S, Gyenesei A, Adamska-Patruno E, Maliszewska K, Citko A, Szczerbiński Ł, Krętowski A. Evaluation of Transcriptomic Regulations behind Metabolic Syndrome in Obese and Lean Subjects. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041455. [PMID: 32093387 PMCID: PMC7073064 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple mechanisms have been suggested to confer to the pathophysiology of metabolic syndrome (MetS), however despite great interest from the scientific community, the exact contribution of each of MetS risk factors still remains unclear. The present study aimed to investigate molecular signatures in peripheral blood of individuals affected by MetS and different degrees of obesity. Metabolic health of 1204 individuals from 1000PLUS cohort was assessed, and 32 subjects were recruited to four study groups: MetS lean, MetS obese, “healthy obese”, and healthy lean. Whole-blood transcriptome next generation sequencing with functional data analysis were carried out. MetS obese and MetS lean study participants showed the upregulation of genes involved in inflammation and coagulation processes: granulocyte adhesion and diapedesis (p < 0.0001, p = 0.0063), prothrombin activation pathway (p = 0.0032, p = 0.0091), coagulation system (p = 0.0010, p = 0.0155). The results for “healthy obese” indicate enrichment in molecules associated with protein synthesis (p < 0.0001), mitochondrial dysfunction (p < 0.0001), and oxidative phosphorylation (p < 0.0001). Our results suggest that MetS is related to the state of inflammation and vascular system changes independent of excess body weight. Furthermore, “healthy obese”, despite not fulfilling the criteria for MetS diagnosis, seems to display an intermediate state with a lower degree of metabolic abnormalities, before they proceed to a full blown MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Paczkowska-Abdulsalam
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Białystok, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Białystok, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-85-831-81-59
| | - Magdalena Niemira
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Białystok, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Białystok, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Bielska
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Białystok, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Białystok, Poland
| | - Anna Szałkowska
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Białystok, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Białystok, Poland
| | - Beata Anna Raczkowska
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Białystok, Poland
| | - Sini Junttila
- Vienna Biocenter Core Facilities, Dr.-Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Attila Gyenesei
- Vienna Biocenter Core Facilities, Dr.-Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Edyta Adamska-Patruno
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Białystok, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Białystok, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Maliszewska
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Białystok, Poland
| | - Anna Citko
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Białystok, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Białystok, Poland
| | - Łukasz Szczerbiński
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Białystok, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Białystok, Poland
| | - Adam Krętowski
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Białystok, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Białystok, Poland
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Białystok, Poland
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Kurdi A, Roth L, Van der Veken B, Van Dam D, De Deyn PP, De Doncker M, Neels H, De Meyer GR, Martinet W. Everolimus depletes plaque macrophages, abolishes intraplaque neovascularization and improves survival in mice with advanced atherosclerosis. Vascul Pharmacol 2019; 113:70-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Abstract
Obesity poses a severe threat to human health, including the increased prevalence of hypertension, insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus, cancer, inflammation, sleep apnoea and other chronic diseases. Current therapies focus mainly on suppressing caloric intake, but the efficacy of this approach remains poor. A better understanding of the pathophysiology of obesity will be essential for the management of obesity and its complications. Knowledge gained over the past three decades regarding the aetiological mechanisms underpinning obesity has provided a framework that emphasizes energy imbalance and neurohormonal dysregulation, which are tightly regulated by autophagy. Accordingly, there is an emerging interest in the role of autophagy, a conserved homeostatic process for cellular quality control through the disposal and recycling of cellular components, in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis and organ function by selectively ridding cells of potentially toxic proteins, lipids and organelles. Indeed, defects in autophagy homeostasis are implicated in metabolic disorders, including obesity, insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus and atherosclerosis. In this Review, the alterations in autophagy that occur in response to nutrient stress, and how these changes alter the course of obesogenesis and obesity-related complications, are discussed. The potential of pharmacological modulation of autophagy for the management of obesity is also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingmei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Fudan University Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai, China.
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY, USA.
| | - James R Sowers
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Jun Ren
- Department of Cardiology, Fudan University Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai, China.
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY, USA.
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Uchinaka A, Azuma N, Mizumoto H, Nakano S, Minamiya M, Yoneda M, Aoyama K, Komatsu Y, Yamada Y, Murohara T, Nagata K. Anti-inflammatory effects of heat-killed Lactobacillus plantarum L-137 on cardiac and adipose tissue in rats with metabolic syndrome. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8156. [PMID: 29802339 PMCID: PMC5970162 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26588-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of heat-killed Lactobacillus plantarum L-137 (HK L-137) on chronic inflammation associated with metabolic disorders have remained unknown. We examined the effects of HK L-137 on cardiac and adipose tissue pathophysiology in DahlS.Z-Leprfa/Leprfa (DS/obese) rats as a model of metabolic syndrome. DS/obese rats were treated orally with HK L-137 (2 or 75 mg kg−1 day−1) from 9 to 13 weeks of age. HK L-137 attenuated left ventricular (LV) inflammation and fibrosis as well as adipocyte hypertrophy, inflammation, and up-regulation of sterol regulatory element–binding protein–1c (SREBP-1c) gene expression in visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue, without affecting body weight gain or hypertension. The low dose of HK L-137 also ameliorated LV diastolic dysfunction, the increase in subcutaneous fat mass, and insulin resistance as well as attenuated the down-regulation of Akt phosphorylation in visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue, and the elevation of the circulating interleukin-6 concentration. Furthermore, the proportion of regulatory T (Treg) cells among CD4+ T cells in the spleen was increased by HK L-137. These results suggest that the anti-inflammatory effects of HK L-137 on the heart and adipose tissue are related, at least partly, to suppression of systemic inflammation associated with an increase in splenic Treg cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Uchinaka
- Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Naoki Azuma
- Department of Medical Technology, Nagoya University School of Health Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hisashi Mizumoto
- Department of Medical Technology, Nagoya University School of Health Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shiho Nakano
- Department of Medical Technology, Nagoya University School of Health Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Moeko Minamiya
- Department of Medical Technology, Nagoya University School of Health Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mamoru Yoneda
- Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Aoyama
- Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuki Komatsu
- Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Yamada
- Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Toyoaki Murohara
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kohzo Nagata
- Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
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Uchinaka A, Yoneda M, Yamada Y, Murohara T, Nagata K. Effects of mTOR inhibition on cardiac and adipose tissue pathology and glucose metabolism in rats with metabolic syndrome. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2017; 5. [PMID: 28805979 PMCID: PMC5684863 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a regulator of metabolism and is implicated in pathological conditions such as obesity and diabetes. We aimed to investigate the role of mTOR in obesity. A new animal model of metabolic syndrome (MetS), named DahlS.Z-Leprfa /Leprfa (DS/obese) rats was established previously in our laboratory. In this study, we used this model to evaluate the effects of mTOR inhibition on cardiac and adipose tissue pathology and glucose metabolism. DS/obese rats were treated with the mTOR inhibitor, everolimus, (0.83 mg/kg per day, per os) for 4 weeks at 9 weeks of age. Age-matched homozygous lean (DahlS.Z-Lepr+ /Lepr+ or DS/lean) littermates of DS/obese rats were used as controls. Treatment with everolimus ameliorated hypertension, left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy and fibrosis, and LV diastolic dysfunction, and attenuated cardiac oxidative stress and inflammation in DS/obese rats, but had no effect on these parameters in DS/lean rats. Treatment with everolimus reduced Akt Thr308 phosphorylation in the heart of DS/obese rats. It also alleviated obesity, hyperphagia, adipocyte hypertrophy, and adipose tissue inflammation in DS/obese rats. Everolimus treatment exacerbated glucose intolerance, but did not affect Akt phosphorylation levels in the fat or liver in these rats. Pancreatic β-cell mass was increased in DS/obese rats compared with that in DS/lean rats and this effect was attenuated by everolimus. Activation of mTOR signaling contributes to the pathophysiology of MetS and its associated complications. And mTOR inhibition with everolimus ameliorated obesity as well as cardiac and adipose tissue pathology, but exacerbated glucose metabolism in rats with MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Uchinaka
- Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mamoru Yoneda
- Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Yamada
- Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Toyoaki Murohara
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kohzo Nagata
- Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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