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Montecino-Garrido H, Sepúlveda M, Méndez D, Monroy-Cárdenas M, Alfaro S, González-Avendaño M, Caballero J, Urra FA, Araya-Maturana R, Fuentes E. Assessing mitochondria-targeted acyl hydroquinones on the mitochondrial platelet function and cytotoxic activity: Role of the linker length. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 208:26-36. [PMID: 37516371 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The use of triphenylphosphonium cation (TPP+) linked to phenolic compounds by alkyl chains has a significant relevance as a mitochondrial delivery strategy in biomedicine because it affects mitochondrial bioenergetics in models of noncommunicable diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular-related conditions. Studies indicate that a long alkyl chain (10-12 carbon) increases the mitochondrial accumulation of TPP+-linked drugs. In contrast, other studies show that these compounds are consistently toxic to micromolar concentrations (as observed in platelets). In the present study, we evaluated the in vitro effect of three series of triphenylphosphonium-linked acyl hydroquinones derivates on the metabolism and function of human platelets using 3-9 carbons for the alkyl linker. Those were assessed to determine the role of the length of the alkyl chain linker on platelet toxicity. METHODS Human platelets were exposed in vitro to different concentrations (2-40 μM) of every compound; cellular viability, phosphatidylserine exposition, mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), intracellular calcium release, and intracellular ROS generation were assessed by flow cytometry. An in silico energetic profile was generated with Umbrella sampling molecular dynamics (MD). RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS There was an increase in cytotoxic activity directly related to the length of the acyl chain and lipophilicity, as seen by three techniques, and this was consistent with a decrease in ΔΨm. The in silico energetic profiles point out that the permeability of the mitochondrial membrane may be involved in the cytotoxicity of phosphonium salts. This information may be relevant for the design of new TPP+ -based drugs with a safe cardiovascular profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor Montecino-Garrido
- Thrombosis and Healthy Aging Research Center, MIBI: Interdisciplinary Group on Mitochondrial Targeting and Bioenergetics (ACT210097), Medical Technology School, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Magdalena Sepúlveda
- Thrombosis and Healthy Aging Research Center, MIBI: Interdisciplinary Group on Mitochondrial Targeting and Bioenergetics (ACT210097), Medical Technology School, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Diego Méndez
- Thrombosis and Healthy Aging Research Center, MIBI: Interdisciplinary Group on Mitochondrial Targeting and Bioenergetics (ACT210097), Medical Technology School, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Matías Monroy-Cárdenas
- Instituto de Química de Recursos Naturales, MIBI: Interdisciplinary Group on Mitochondrial Targeting and Bioenergetics, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Sergio Alfaro
- Centro de Bioinformática, Simulación y Modelado (CBSM), Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Talca, Talca, 3460000, Chile
| | - Mariela González-Avendaño
- Centro de Bioinformática, Simulación y Modelado (CBSM), Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Talca, Talca, 3460000, Chile
| | - Julio Caballero
- Centro de Bioinformática, Simulación y Modelado (CBSM), Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Talca, Talca, 3460000, Chile
| | - Félix A Urra
- Laboratory of Metabolic Plasticity and Bioenergetics, Program of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, MIBI: Interdisciplinary Group on Mitochondrial Targeting and Bioenergetics, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ramiro Araya-Maturana
- Instituto de Química de Recursos Naturales, MIBI: Interdisciplinary Group on Mitochondrial Targeting and Bioenergetics, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile.
| | - Eduardo Fuentes
- Thrombosis and Healthy Aging Research Center, MIBI: Interdisciplinary Group on Mitochondrial Targeting and Bioenergetics (ACT210097), Medical Technology School, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile.
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2
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Galetaki DM, Cai CL, Bhatia KS, Chin V, Aranda JV, Beharry KD. Biomarkers of growth and carbohydrate metabolism in neonatal rats supplemented with fish oil and/or antioxidants during intermittent hypoxia. Growth Horm IGF Res 2023; 68:101513. [PMID: 36427361 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2022.101513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Extremely low gestational age neonates (ELGANs) experience frequent intermittent hypoxia (IH) episodes during therapeutic oxygen. ELGANs exhibit poor postnatal growth requiring lipid supplementation. Lipids are targets of reactive oxygen species resulting in lipid peroxidation and cell death, particularly in preterm infants with compromised antioxidant systems. We tested the hypothesis that early supplementation with lipids and/or antioxidants promotes growth and influences biomarkers of carbohydrate metabolism in neonatal rats exposed to IH. DESIGN Newborn rats (n = 18/group) were exposed to brief hypoxia (12% O2) during hyperoxia (50% O2), or room air (RA), from birth (P0) to P14 during which they received daily oral supplementation with: 1) fish oil; 2) Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) in olive oil; 3) glutathione nanoparticles (nGSH); 4) fish oil+CoQ10; or 5) olive oil. At P21, plasma samples were assessed for glucose, insulin, glucokinase (GCK), glucagon, glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1, growth hormone (GH), corticosterone, and ghrelin. Liver was assessed for histopathology, apoptosis (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling, TUNEL stain), and GH, insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, GH binding protein (GHBP), and IGF binding protein (IGFBP)-3. RESULTS Neonatal IH resulted in decreased liver weight and liver/body weight ratios, as well as hepatocyte swelling, steatosis, and apoptosis, which were attenuated with fish oil, nGSH, and combined fish oil+CoQ10. IH also decreased plasma glucose, insulin, GCK, and ghrelin, but increased GLP-1. All treatments improved plasma glucose in IH, but insulin was higher with CoQ10 and nGSH only. Glucagon was increased with CoQ10, fish oil, and CoQ10 + fish oil, while corticosterone was higher with nGSH and CoQ10 + fish oil. IGF-I and IGFBP-3 were significantly higher in the liver with CoQ10 in IH, while deficits in GH were noted with CoQ10 and fish oil in RA and IH. Treatment with nGSH and combined CoQ10 + fish oil reduced IGF-I in RA and IH but increased IGFBP-3. CONCLUSIONS Neonatal IH impairs liver growth with significant hepatocyte damage. Of all supplements in IH, nGSH and combined fish oil+CoQ10 were most effective for preserving liver growth and carbohydrate metabolism. Data suggest that these supplements may improve poor postnatal organ and body growth; and metabolic dysfunction associated with neonatal IH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Despoina Myrsini Galetaki
- Department of Pediatrics, State University of New York, Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Charles L Cai
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, State University of New York, Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Kulsajan S Bhatia
- Department of Pediatrics, State University of New York, Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Vivian Chin
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, State University of New York, Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Jacob V Aranda
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, State University of New York, Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA; SUNY Eye Institute, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Kay D Beharry
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, State University of New York, Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA; SUNY Eye Institute, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
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Crowder JJ, Zeng Z, Novak AN, Alves NJ, Linnemann AK. Stabilization protects islet integrity during respirometry in the Oroboros Oxygraph-2K analyzer. Islets 2022; 14:128-138. [PMID: 35331085 PMCID: PMC8959522 DOI: 10.1080/19382014.2022.2054251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction of β-cells has been implicated as a contributor to diabetes pathogenesis, and efforts are ongoing to optimize analytical techniques that evaluate islet metabolism. High-resolution respirometry offers sensitive measurements of the respiratory effects of metabolic substrates and customizable manipulation of electron transport chain components, though the delicate nature of islets can pose challenges to conventional analyses. An affordable and reliable option for respirometry is the Oroboros Oxygraph-2 K system, which utilizes a stir bar to circulate reagents around cells. While this technique may be suitable for individual cells or mitochondria, the continual force exerted by the stir bar can have damaging effects on islet integrity. Herein, we demonstrate the protective benefits of a novel 3D-printed islet stabilization device and highlight the destructive effects of conventional Oxygraph analysis on islet integrity. Islet containment did not inhibit cellular responses to metabolic modulatory drugs, as indicated by robust fluctuations in oxygen consumption rates. The average size of wild-type mouse islets was significantly reduced following a standard Mito Stress Test within Oxygraph chambers, with a clear disruption in islet morphology and viability. Alternatively, containment of the islets within the interior chamber of the islet stabilization device yielded preservation of both islet morphology and increased cell viability/survival after respirometry analysis. Collectively, our study introduces a new and easily accessible tool to improve conventional Oxygraph respirometry of pancreatic islets by preserving natural islet structure and function throughout metabolic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin J. Crowder
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Ziqian Zeng
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Alissa N. Novak
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Nathan J. Alves
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Amelia K. Linnemann Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Amelia K. Linnemann
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Indiana Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- CONTACT Nathan J. Alves
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Salahi E, Amidi F, Zahiri Z, Aghahosseini M, Mashayekhi F, Amani Abkenari S, Hosseinishenatal S, Sobhani A. The effect of mitochondria-targeted antioxidant MitoQ10 on redox signaling pathway components in PCOS mouse model. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2021; 305:985-994. [PMID: 34633506 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-021-06230-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Considerable evidence suggests that mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress contribute to the pathogenesis of Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of mitochondria-targeted antioxidant, MitoQ10, on the redox signaling pathway's component in PCOS. METHOD We assessed TXNIP, TRX, and ASK1 expression in granulosa cells (GCs) of the DHEA-induced PCOS mouse model. Female BALB/c mice in five groups of Control, DHEA, and DHEA + MitoQ10 in three doses of 250, 500, and 750 μmol/L MitoQ10 were treated for 21 days. RESULTS Histological investigation showed a probable improvement in folliculogenesis; besides, ASK1 and TXNIP expression were significantly increased in GCs of the PCOS mouse F4Fmodel as compared to the control groups and decreased steadily in groups treated by MitoQ10. However, TRX expression showed a drop that was restored by MitoQ10 meaningfully (P ≤ 0.05). CONCLUSION The work presented herein suggests mitochondria-targeted antioxidant, MitoQ10, have modulating effects on folliculogenesis in the ovary and also on the redox signaling pathway in GCs of PCOS mouse model which may have potential to attenuate oxidative stress and its relative damages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elnaz Salahi
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Poursina ST, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fardin Amidi
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Poursina ST, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ziba Zahiri
- Reproductive Health Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Alzahra Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Science, Rasht, Iran
| | - Marziye Aghahosseini
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farhad Mashayekhi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - Showra Amani Abkenari
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Poursina ST, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shirzad Hosseinishenatal
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Poursina ST, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aligholi Sobhani
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Poursina ST, Tehran, Iran.
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Fink BD, Yu L, Coppey L, Obrosov A, Shevalye H, Kerns RJ, Yorek MA, Sivitz WI. Effect of mitoquinone on liver metabolism and steatosis in obese and diabetic rats. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2021; 9:e00701. [PMID: 33547885 PMCID: PMC7866483 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous work by ourselves and others showed that mitoquinone (mitoQ) reduced oxidative damage and prevented hepatic fat accumulation in mice made obese with high-fat (HF) feeding. Here we extended these studies to examine the effect of mitoQ on parameters affecting liver function in rats treated with HF to induce obesity and in rats treated with HF plus streptozotocin (STZ) to model a severe form of type 2 diabetes. In prior reported work, we found that mitoQ significantly improved glycemia based on glucose tolerance data in HF rats but not in the diabetic rats. Here we found only non-significant reductions in insulin and glucose measured in the fed state at sacrifice in the HF mice treated with mitoQ. Metabolomic data showed that mitoQ altered several hepatic metabolic pathways in HF-fed obese rats toward those observed in control normal chow-fed non-obese rats. However, mitoQ had little effect on pathways observed in the diabetic rats, wherein diabetes itself induced marked pathway aberrations. MitoQ did not alter respiration or membrane potential in isolated liver mitochondria. MitoQ reduced liver fat and liver hydroperoxide levels but did not improve liver function as marked by circulating levels of aspartate and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). In summary, our results for HF-fed rats are consistent with past findings in HF-fed mice indicating decreased liver lipid hydroperoxides (LPO) and improved glycemia. However, in contrast to the HF obese mice, mitoQ did not improve glycemia or reset perturbed metabolic pathways in the diabetic rats.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Blood Glucose/drug effects
- Cell Respiration/drug effects
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Diet, High-Fat
- Fatty Liver/blood
- Fatty Liver/metabolism
- Insulin/blood
- Lipid Metabolism/drug effects
- Liver/drug effects
- Liver/metabolism
- Male
- Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial/drug effects
- Metabolomics
- Mitochondria, Liver/drug effects
- Mitochondria, Liver/pathology
- Mitochondria, Liver/physiology
- Obesity/blood
- Obesity/metabolism
- Organophosphorus Compounds/pharmacology
- Oxidative Stress/drug effects
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Ubiquinone/analogs & derivatives
- Ubiquinone/pharmacology
- Rats
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian D. Fink
- Department of Internal Medicine/Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismUniversity of IowaThe Iowa City Veterans Affairs Medical CenterIowa CityIAUSA
| | - Liping Yu
- Department of BiochemistryNMR Core facilityUniversity of IowaIowa CityIAUSA
| | - Lawrence Coppey
- Department of Internal Medicine/Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismUniversity of IowaThe Iowa City Veterans Affairs Medical CenterIowa CityIAUSA
| | - Alexander Obrosov
- Department of Internal Medicine/Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismUniversity of IowaThe Iowa City Veterans Affairs Medical CenterIowa CityIAUSA
| | - Hanna Shevalye
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa CityIAUSA
| | - Robert J. Kerns
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental TherapeuticsUniversity of IowaIowa CityIAUSA
| | - Mark A. Yorek
- Department of Internal Medicine/Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismUniversity of IowaThe Iowa City Veterans Affairs Medical CenterIowa CityIAUSA
| | - William I. Sivitz
- Department of Internal Medicine/Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismUniversity of IowaThe Iowa City Veterans Affairs Medical CenterIowa CityIAUSA
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Kulkarni CA, Fink BD, Gibbs BE, Chheda PR, Wu M, Sivitz WI, Kerns RJ. A Novel Triphenylphosphonium Carrier to Target Mitochondria without Uncoupling Oxidative Phosphorylation. J Med Chem 2021; 64:662-676. [PMID: 33395531 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is an underlying pathology in numerous diseases. Delivery of diagnostic and therapeutic cargo directly into mitochondria is a powerful approach to study and treat these diseases. The triphenylphosphonium (TPP+) moiety is the most widely used mitochondriotropic carrier. However, studies have shown that TPP+ is not inert; TPP+ conjugates uncouple mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. To date, all efforts toward addressing this problem have focused on modifying lipophilicity of TPP+-linker-cargo conjugates to alter mitochondrial uptake, albeit with limited success. We show that structural modifications to the TPP+ phenyl rings that decrease electron density on the phosphorus atom can abrogate uncoupling activity as compared to the parent TPP+ moiety and prevent dissipation of mitochondrial membrane potential. These alterations of the TPP+ structure do not negatively affect the delivery of cargo to mitochondria. Results here identify the 4-CF3-phenyl TPP+ moiety as an inert mitochondria-targeting carrier to safely target pharmacophores and probes to mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaitanya A Kulkarni
- Division of Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Brian D Fink
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa and the Iowa City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, Iowa 52246, United States
| | - Bettine E Gibbs
- Division of Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Pratik R Chheda
- Division of Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Meng Wu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa and the Iowa City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, Iowa 52246, United States.,University of Iowa High Throughput Screening (UIHTS) Core, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - William I Sivitz
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa and the Iowa City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, Iowa 52246, United States
| | - Robert J Kerns
- Division of Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
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Yang K, Forman MR, Monahan PO, Graham BH, Chan AT, Zhang X, De Vivo I, Giovannucci EL, Tabung FK, Nan H. Insulinemic Potential of Lifestyle Is Inversely Associated with Leukocyte Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number in US White Adults. J Nutr 2020; 150:2156-2163. [PMID: 32492151 PMCID: PMC7398789 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poor lifestyles have been linked to insulin insensitivity/hyperinsulinemia, which may contribute to downstream changes such as inflammation and oxidative damage and the development of chronic diseases. As a biomarker of intracellular oxidative stress, leukocyte mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNA-CN) has been related to lifestyle factors including diet and weight. No epidemiologic study has examined the relation between combined insulinemic potential of lifestyle and mtDNA-CN. OBJECTIVES Our aim was to examine the association between Empirical Lifestyle Index for Hyperinsulinemia (ELIH) and leukocyte mtDNA-CN in US men and women. METHODS This cross-sectional analysis included 2835 white adults without cancers, diabetes, or cardiovascular disease at blood collection, including 2160 women from the Nurses' Health Study and 675 men from the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study. ELIH is an index based on plasma C-peptide that characterizes the insulinemic potential of lifestyle (diet, body weight, and physical activity). Relative mtDNA-CN in peripheral blood leukocytes was measured by qPCR-based assay. RESULTS We found a significant inverse association between ELIH and mtDNA-CN. In multivariable-adjusted linear models, absolute least squares means ± SDs of mtDNA-CN z score across ELIH quintiles in women were as follows: Q1: 0.14 ± 0.05; Q2: 0.04 ± 0.06; Q3: 0.008 ± 0.05; Q4: 0.01 ± 0.05; and Q5: -0.06 ± 0.05 (P-trend = 0.006). Means ± SDs in men were as follows: Q1: 0.25 ± 0.09; Q2: 0.23 ± 0.09; Q3: 0.07 ± 0.09; Q4: 0.02 ± 0.09; and Q5: -0.04 ± 0.09 (P-trend = 0.007). Means ± SDs in all participants were as follows: Q1: 0.16 ± 0.05; Q2: 0.07 ± 0.05; Q3: 0.01 ± 0.05; Q4: 0.01 ± 0.05; and Q5: -0.05 ± 0.05 (P-trend = 0.0004). CONCLUSIONS Hyperinsulinemic lifestyles (i.e., higher ELIH) were associated with lower leukocyte mtDNA-CN among subjects without major diseases, suggesting that the difference in lifestyle insulinemic potential may be related to excessive oxidative stress damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keming Yang
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Epidemiology, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Michele R Forman
- Department of Nutrition Science, College of Health and Human Science, Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Patrick O Monahan
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Medicine and Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Brett H Graham
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Andrew T Chan
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit and Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xuehong Zhang
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Immaculata De Vivo
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edward L Giovannucci
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fred K Tabung
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA,Address correspondence to FKT (e-mail: )
| | - Hongmei Nan
- Department of Epidemiology, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA,Department of Global Health, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA,IU Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA,Address correspondence to HN (e-mail: )
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8
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Liu S, Promes JA, Harata M, Mishra A, Stephens SB, Taylor EB, Burand AJ, Sivitz WI, Fink BD, Ankrum JA, Imai Y. Adipose Triglyceride Lipase Is a Key Lipase for the Mobilization of Lipid Droplets in Human β-Cells and Critical for the Maintenance of Syntaxin 1a Levels in β-Cells. Diabetes 2020; 69:1178-1192. [PMID: 32312867 PMCID: PMC7243295 DOI: 10.2337/db19-0951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are frequently increased when excessive lipid accumulation leads to cellular dysfunction. Distinct from mouse β-cells, LDs are prominent in human β-cells. However, the regulation of LD mobilization (lipolysis) in human β-cells remains unclear. We found that glucose increases lipolysis in nondiabetic human islets but not in islets in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), indicating dysregulation of lipolysis in T2D islets. Silencing adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) in human pseudoislets with shRNA targeting ATGL (shATGL) increased triglycerides (TGs) and the number and size of LDs, indicating that ATGL is the principal lipase in human β-cells. In shATGL pseudoislets, biphasic glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS), and insulin secretion to 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine and KCl were all reduced without altering oxygen consumption rate compared with scramble control. Like human islets, INS1 cells showed visible LDs, glucose-responsive lipolysis, and impairment of GSIS after ATGL silencing. ATGL-deficient INS1 cells and human pseudoislets showed reduced SNARE protein syntaxin 1a (STX1A), a key SNARE component. Proteasomal degradation of Stx1a was accelerated likely through reduced palmitoylation in ATGL-deficient INS1 cells. Therefore, ATGL is responsible for LD mobilization in human β-cells and supports insulin secretion by stabilizing STX1A. The dysregulated lipolysis may contribute to LD accumulation and β-cell dysfunction in T2D islets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siming Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Joseph A Promes
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Mikako Harata
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Akansha Mishra
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Samuel B Stephens
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Eric B Taylor
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Anthony J Burand
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - William I Sivitz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Brian D Fink
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - James A Ankrum
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Yumi Imai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
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9
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Fink B, Coppey L, Davidson E, Shevalye H, Obrosov A, Chheda PR, Kerns R, Sivitz W, Yorek M. Effect of mitoquinone (Mito-Q) on neuropathic endpoints in an obese and type 2 diabetic rat model. Free Radic Res 2020; 54:311-318. [PMID: 32326763 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2020.1754409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
This study sought to determine whether the addition of mitoquinone (Mito-Q) in the diet is an effective treatment for peripheral neuropathy in animal models of diet-induced obesity (pre-diabetes) and type 2 diabetes. Unlike other anti-oxidative stress compounds investigated as a treatment for peripheral neuropathy, Mito-Q specifically targets mitochondria. Although mito-Q has been shown to reduce oxidative stress generated by mitochondria there have been no studies performed of the effect of Mito-Q on peripheral neuropathy induced by diet-induced obesity or type 2 diabetes. Diet-induced obese (12 weeks after high fat diet) or type 2 diabetic rats (12 weeks of high fat diet and 4 weeks after the onset of hyperglycemia) were treated via the diet with Mito-Q (0.93 g/kg diet) for 12 weeks. Afterwards, glucose utilization, vascular reactivity of epineurial arterioles to acetylcholine and peripheral neuropathy related endpoints were examined. The addition of Mito-Q to the diets of obese and diabetic rats improved motor and/or sensory nerve conduction velocity, cornea and intraepidermal nerve fibre density, cornea sensitivity and thermal nociception. Surprisingly, treating obese and diabetic rats with Mito-Q did not improve glucose utilization or vascular reactivity by epineurial arterioles to acetylcholine. These studies imply that mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to peripheral neuropathy in animal models of pre-diabetes and late-stage type 2 diabetes. However, improvement in peripheral neuropathy following treatment with Mito-Q was not associated with improvement in glucose utilization or vascular reactivity of epineurial arterioles to acetylcholine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Fink
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Iowa City Health Care System, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Lawrence Coppey
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Eric Davidson
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Hanna Shevalye
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Alexander Obrosov
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | | | - Robert Kerns
- College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - William Sivitz
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Iowa City Health Care System, Iowa City, IA, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.,Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Mark Yorek
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Iowa City Health Care System, Iowa City, IA, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.,Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.,Veterans Affairs Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Visual Loss, Iowa City, IA, USA
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10
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Kaempferol protects mitochondria and alleviates damages against endotheliotoxicity induced by doxorubicin. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 126:110040. [PMID: 32145585 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Kaempferol (Kae), a flavonoid, has been found in fruits and other vegetables, possesses many biological activities. 14-3-3 protein exerts protection on various types of injured tissues and cells. Doxorubicin (Dox) causes excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, which induces endotheliotoxicity and cardiotoxicity. We hypothesized that Kae could protect vascular endothelium by regulating 14-3-3γ or related pathways against Dox toxicity. HUVECs were established Dox-toxic injury models. Kae's effects were assessed with many physiological, enzymatic, cellular, and molecular biological indexes. Our results showed that Dox-induced damage in HUVECs were reduced through Kae to promote the expression of total protein 14-3-3γ and mitochondrial Bcl-2, phosphorylate Bad, increase cell viability, NO content, DDAHⅡactivity, p-eNOS/eNOS ratio, and MMP levels, maintained NAD+/NADH and GSH/GSSG balance, and decrease LDH and caspase-3 activities, ADMA content, ROS generation, mPTP openness, and apoptosis. Kae's effects were abolished with pAD/14-3-3γ-shRNA downregulating 14-3-3γ expression, or ABT-737 inhibiting Bcl-2 activity. This study demonstrated that Kae protected the vascular endothelium against Dox-induced damage by regulating 14-3-3γ and ADMA/DDAHⅡ/eNOS/NO pathway, inhibiting oxidative stress, and improving mitochondrial function.
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11
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Tetramethylpyrazine Attenuates the Endotheliotoxicity and the Mitochondrial Dysfunction by Doxorubicin via 14-3-3 γ/Bcl-2. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:5820415. [PMID: 31885804 PMCID: PMC6914960 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5820415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (Dox) with cardiotoxicity and endotheliotoxicity limits its clinical application for cancer. The toxicitic mechanism involves excess ROS generation. 14-3-3s have the protective effects on various injured tissues and cells. Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) is an alkaloid extracted from the rhizome of Ligusticum wallichii and has multiple bioactivities. We hypothesize that TMP has the protective effects on vascular endothelium by upregulating 14-3-3γ. To test the hypothesis, Dox-induced endotheliotoxicity was used to establish vascular endothelium injury models in mice and human umbilical vein endothelial cells. The effects of TMP were assessed by determining thoracic aortic strips' endothelium-dependent dilation (EDD), as well as LDH, CK, caspase-3, SOD, CAT, GSH-Px activities and MDA level in serum, apoptotic rate, and histopathological changes of vascular tissue (in vivo). Also, cell viability, LDH and caspase-3 activities, ROS generation, levels of NAD+/NADH and GSH/GSSG, MMP, mPTP opening, and apoptotic rate were evaluated (in vitro). The expression of 14-3-3γ and Bcl-2, as well as phosphorylation of Bad (S112), were determined by Western blot. Our results showed that Dox-induced injury to vascular endothelium was decreased by TMP via upregulating 14-3-3γ expression in total protein and Bcl-2 expression in mitochondria, activating Bad (S112) phosphorylation, maintaining EDD, reducing LDH, CK, and caspase-3 activities, thereby causing a reduction in apoptotic rate, and histopathological changes of vascular endothelium (in vivo). Furthermore, TMP increased cell viability and MMP levels, maintained NAD+/NADH, GSH/GSSG balance, decreased LDH and caspase-3 activities, ROS generation, mPTP opening, and apoptotic rate (in vitro). However, the protective effects to vascular endothelium of TMP were significantly canceled by pAD/14-3-3γ-shRNA, an adenovirus that caused knockdown 14-3-3γ expression, or ABT-737, a specific Bcl-2 inhibitor. In conclusion, this study is the first to demonstrate that TMP protects the vascular endothelium against Dox-induced injury via upregulating 14-3-3γ expression, promoting translocation of Bcl-2 to the mitochondria, closing mPTP, maintaining MMP, inhibiting RIRR mechanism, suppressing oxidative stress, improving mitochondrial function, and alleviating Dox-induced endotheliotoxicity.
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12
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Roma LP, Jonas JC. Nutrient Metabolism, Subcellular Redox State, and Oxidative Stress in Pancreatic Islets and β-Cells. J Mol Biol 2019; 432:1461-1493. [PMID: 31634466 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2019.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Insulin-secreting pancreatic β-cells play a critical role in blood glucose homeostasis and the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in the context of insulin resistance. Based on data obtained at the whole cell level using poorly specific chemical probes, reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide have been proposed to contribute to the stimulation of insulin secretion by nutrients (positive role) and to the alterations of cell survival and secretory function in T2D (negative role). This raised the controversial hypothesis that any attempt to decrease β-cell oxidative stress and apoptosis in T2D would further impair insulin secretion. Over the last decade, the development of genetically-encoded redox probes that can be targeted to cellular compartments of interest and are specific of redox couples allowed the evaluation of short- and long-term effects of nutrients on β-cell redox changes at the subcellular level. The data indicated that the nutrient regulation of β-cell redox signaling and ROS toxicity is far more complex than previously thought and that the subcellular compartmentation of these processes cannot be neglected when evaluating the mechanisms of ROS production or the efficacy of antioxidant enzymes and antioxidant drugs under glucolipotoxic conditions and in T2D. In this review, we present what is currently known about the compartmentation of redox homeostatic systems and tools to investigate it. We then review data about the effects of nutrients on β-cell subcellular redox state under normal conditions and in the context of T2D and discuss challenges and opportunities in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia P Roma
- Universität des Saarlandes, Biophysics Department, Center for Human and Molecular Biology, Kirbergerstrasse Building 48, 66421, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Jean-Christophe Jonas
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Pole of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Avenue Hippocrate 55 (B1.55.06), B-1200 Brussels, Belgium.
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13
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Ježek P, Jabůrek M, Plecitá-Hlavatá L. Contribution of Oxidative Stress and Impaired Biogenesis of Pancreatic β-Cells to Type 2 Diabetes. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 31:722-751. [PMID: 30450940 PMCID: PMC6708273 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2018.7656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Type 2 diabetes development involves multiple changes in β-cells, related to the oxidative stress and impaired redox signaling, beginning frequently by sustained overfeeding due to the resulting lipotoxicity and glucotoxicity. Uncovering relationships among the dysregulated metabolism, impaired β-cell "well-being," biogenesis, or cross talk with peripheral insulin resistance is required for elucidation of type 2 diabetes etiology. Recent Advances: It has been recognized that the oxidative stress, lipotoxicity, and glucotoxicity cannot be separated from numerous other cell pathology events, such as the attempted compensation of β-cell for the increased insulin demand and dynamics of β-cell biogenesis and its "reversal" at dedifferentiation, that is, from the concomitantly decreasing islet β-cell mass (also due to transdifferentiation) and low-grade islet or systemic inflammation. Critical Issues: At prediabetes, the compensation responses of β-cells, attempting to delay the pathology progression-when exaggerated-set a new state, in which a self-checking redox signaling related to the expression of Ins gene expression is impaired. The resulting altered redox signaling, diminished insulin secretion responses to various secretagogues including glucose, may lead to excretion of cytokines or chemokines by β-cells or excretion of endosomes. They could substantiate putative stress signals to the periphery. Subsequent changes and lasting glucolipotoxicity promote islet inflammatory responses and further pathology spiral. Future Directions: Should bring an understanding of the β-cell self-checking and related redox signaling, including the putative stress signal to periphery. Strategies to cure or prevent type 2 diabetes could be based on the substitution of the "wrong" signal by the "correct" self-checking signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Ježek
- Department of Mitochondrial Physiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Jabůrek
- Department of Mitochondrial Physiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lydie Plecitá-Hlavatá
- Department of Mitochondrial Physiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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14
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Marín-Royo G, Rodríguez C, Le Pape A, Jurado-López R, Luaces M, Antequera A, Martínez-González J, Souza-Neto FV, Nieto ML, Martínez-Martínez E, Cachofeiro V. The role of mitochondrial oxidative stress in the metabolic alterations in diet-induced obesity in rats. FASEB J 2019; 33:12060-12072. [PMID: 31370681 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900347rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The impact of the mitochondria-targeted antioxidant MitoQ was evaluated in the metabolic alterations and the adipose tissue remodeling associated with obesity. Male Wistar rats were fed either a high-fat diet (HFD; 35% fat) or a standard diet (3.5% fat) for 7 wk and treated with MitoQ (200 µM). A proteomic analysis of visceral adipose tissue from patients with obesity and patients without obesity was performed. MitoQ partially prevented the increase in body weight, adiposity, homeostasis model assessment index, and adipose tissue remodeling in HFD rats. It also ameliorated protein level changes of factors involved in insulin signaling observed in adipose tissue of obese rats: reductions in adiponectin and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT 4) and increases in dipeptidylpeptidase 4, suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3), and insulin receptor substrate 1 phosphorylation. MitoQ prevented down-regulation of adiponectin and GLUT 4 and increases in SOCS3 levels in a TNF-α-induced insulin-resistant 3T3-L1 adipocyte model. MitoQ also ameliorated alterations in mitochondrial proteins observed in obese rats: increases in cyclophylin F and carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1A and reductions in mitofusin1, peroxiredoxin 4, and fumarate hydratase. The proteomic analysis of the visceral adipose tissue from patients with obesity show alterations in mitochondrial proteins similar to those observed in obese rats. Therefore, the data show the beneficial effect of MitoQ in the metabolic dysfunction induced by obesity.-Marín-Royo, G., Rodríguez, C., Le Pape, A., Jurado-López, R., Luaces, M., Antequera, A., Martínez-González, J., Souza-Neto, F. V., Nieto, M. L., Martínez-Martínez, E., Cachofeiro, V. The role of mitochondrial oxidative stress in the metabolic alterations in diet-induced obesity in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gema Marín-Royo
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Rodríguez
- Institut de Recerca del Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (IIB)-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,Ciber de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aliaume Le Pape
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Jurado-López
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Luaces
- Servicio de Cardiología, Instituto Cardiovascular, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfonso Antequera
- Surgery Department, St. Bernard's Hospital, Gibraltar, United Kingdom
| | - José Martínez-González
- Ciber de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Barcelona (IIBB) Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (IIB)-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco V Souza-Neto
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Luisa Nieto
- Ciber de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Ernesto Martínez-Martínez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain.,Ciber de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Victoria Cachofeiro
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain.,Ciber de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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15
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Biasutto L, Mattarei A, La Spina M, Azzolini M, Parrasia S, Szabò I, Zoratti M. Strategies to target bioactive molecules to subcellular compartments. Focus on natural compounds. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 181:111557. [PMID: 31374419 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.07.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Many potential pharmacological targets are present in multiple subcellular compartments and have different pathophysiological roles depending on location. In these cases, selective targeting of a drug to the relevant subcellular domain(s) may help to sharpen its impact by providing topological specificity, thus limiting side effects, and to concentrate the compound where needed, thus increasing its effectiveness. We review here the state of the art in precision subcellular delivery. The major approaches confer "homing" properties to the active principle via permanent or reversible (in pro-drug fashion) modifications, or through the use of special-design nanoparticles or liposomes to ferry a drug(s) cargo to its desired destination. An assortment of peptides, substituents with delocalized positive charges, custom-blended lipid mixtures, pH- or enzyme-sensitive groups provide the main tools of the trade. Mitochondria, lysosomes and the cell membrane may be mentioned as the fronts on which the most significant advances have been made. Most of the examples presented here have to do with targeting natural compounds - in particular polyphenols, known as pleiotropic agents - to one or the other subcellular compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Biasutto
- CNR Neuroscience Institute, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35121, Padova, Italy; Dept. Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35121, Padova, Italy.
| | - Andrea Mattarei
- Dept. Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 5, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Martina La Spina
- Dept. Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Michele Azzolini
- Dept. Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Sofia Parrasia
- Dept. Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Ildikò Szabò
- CNR Neuroscience Institute, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35121, Padova, Italy; Dept. Biology, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Mario Zoratti
- CNR Neuroscience Institute, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35121, Padova, Italy; Dept. Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35121, Padova, Italy
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16
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Multifunctional radical quenchers as potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of mitochondrial dysfunction. Future Med Chem 2019; 11:1605-1624. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2018-0481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with a wide range of human diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases, and is believed to cause or contribute to the etiology of these diseases. These disorders are frequently associated with increased levels of reactive oxygen species. One of the design strategies for therapeutic intervention involves the development of novel small molecules containing redox cores, which can scavenge reactive oxygen radicals and selectively block oxidative damage to the mitochondria. Presently, we describe recent research dealing with multifunctional radical quenchers as antioxidants able to scavenge reactive oxygen radicals. The review encompasses ubiquinone and tocopherol analogs, as well as novel pyri(mi)dinol derivatives, and their ability to function as protective agents in cellular models of mitochondrial diseases.
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17
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Potential of Mitochondria-Targeted Antioxidants to Prevent Oxidative Stress in Pancreatic β-cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:1826303. [PMID: 31249641 PMCID: PMC6556329 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1826303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic β-cells are vulnerable to oxidative stress due to their low content of redox buffers, such as glutathione, but possess a rich content of thioredoxin, peroxiredoxin, and other proteins capable of redox relay, transferring redox signaling. Consequently, it may be predicted that cytosolic antioxidants could interfere with the cytosolic redox signaling and should not be recommended for any potential therapy. In contrast, mitochondrial matrix-targeted antioxidants could prevent the primary oxidative stress arising from the primary superoxide sources within the mitochondrial matrix, such as at the flavin (IF) and ubiquinone (IQ) sites of superoxide formation within respiratory chain complex I and the outer ubiquinone site (IIIQ) of complex III. Therefore, using time-resolved confocal fluorescence monitoring with MitoSOX Red, we investigated various effects of mitochondria-targeted antioxidants in model pancreatic β-cells (insulinoma INS-1E cells) and pancreatic islets. Both SkQ1 (a mitochondria-targeted plastoquinone) and a suppressor of complex III site Q electron leak (S3QEL) prevented superoxide production released to the mitochondrial matrix in INS-1E cells with stimulatory glucose, where SkQ1 also exhibited an antioxidant role for UCP2-silenced cells. SkQ1 acted similarly at nonstimulatory glucose but not in UCP2-silenced cells. Thus, UCP2 can facilitate the antioxidant mechanism based on SkQ1+ fatty acid anion− pairing. The elevated superoxide formation induced by antimycin A was largely prevented by S3QEL, and that induced by rotenone was decreased by SkQ1 and S3QEL and slightly by S1QEL, acting at complex I site Q. Similar results were obtained with the MitoB probe, for the LC-MS-based assessment of the 4 hr accumulation of reactive oxygen species within the mitochondrial matrix but for isolated pancreatic islets. For 2 hr INS-1E incubations, some samples were influenced by the cell death during the experiment. Due to the frequent dependency of antioxidant effects on metabolic modes, we suggest a potential use of mitochondria-targeted antioxidants for the treatment of prediabetic states after cautious nutrition-controlled tests. Their targeted delivery might eventually attenuate the vicious spiral leading to type 2 diabetes.
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18
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Bond ST, Kim J, Calkin AC, Drew BG. The Antioxidant Moiety of MitoQ Imparts Minimal Metabolic Effects in Adipose Tissue of High Fat Fed Mice. Front Physiol 2019; 10:543. [PMID: 31139092 PMCID: PMC6517842 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with a diverse array of diseases ranging from dystrophy and heart failure to obesity and hepatosteatosis. One of the major biochemical consequences of impaired mitochondrial function is an accumulation of mitochondrial superoxide, or reactive oxygen species (ROS). Excessive ROS can be detrimental to cellular health and is proposed to underpin many mitochondrial diseases. Accordingly, much research has been committed to understanding ways to therapeutically prevent and reduce ROS accumulation. In white adipose tissue (WAT), ROS is associated with obesity and its subsequent complications, and thus reducing mitochondrial ROS may represent a novel strategy for treating obesity related disorders. One therapeutic approach employed to reduce ROS abundance is the mitochondrial-targeted coenzyme Q (MitoQ), which enables mitochondrial specific delivery of a CoQ10 antioxidant via its triphenylphosphonium bromide (TPP+) cation. Indeed, MitoQ has been successfully shown to accumulate at the outer mitochondrial membrane and prevent ROS accumulation in several tissues in vivo; however, the specific effects of MitoQ on adipose tissue metabolism in vivo have not been studied. Here we demonstrate that mice fed high-fat diet with concomitant administration of MitoQ, exhibit minimal metabolic benefit in adipose tissue. We also demonstrate that both MitoQ and its control agent dTPP+ had significant and equivalent effects on whole-body metabolism, suggesting that the dTPP+ cation rather than the antioxidant moiety, was responsible for these changes. These findings have important implications for future studies using MitoQ and other TPP+ compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon T Bond
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jisu Kim
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Anna C Calkin
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Brian G Drew
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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19
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Pinti MV, Fink GK, Hathaway QA, Durr AJ, Kunovac A, Hollander JM. Mitochondrial dysfunction in type 2 diabetes mellitus: an organ-based analysis. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2019; 316:E268-E285. [PMID: 30601700 PMCID: PMC6397358 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00314.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a systemic disease characterized by hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and organismic insulin resistance. This pathological shift in both circulating fuel levels and energy substrate utilization by central and peripheral tissues contributes to mitochondrial dysfunction across organ systems. The mitochondrion lies at the intersection of critical cellular pathways such as energy substrate metabolism, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and apoptosis. It is the disequilibrium of these processes in T2DM that results in downstream deficits in vital functions, including hepatocyte metabolism, cardiac output, skeletal muscle contraction, β-cell insulin production, and neuronal health. Although mitochondria are known to be susceptible to a variety of genetic and environmental insults, the accumulation of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations and mtDNA copy number depletion is helping to explain the prevalence of mitochondrial-related diseases such as T2DM. Recent work has uncovered novel mitochondrial biology implicated in disease progressions such as mtDNA heteroplasmy, noncoding RNA (ncRNA), epigenetic modification of the mitochondrial genome, and epitranscriptomic regulation of the mtDNA-encoded mitochondrial transcriptome. The goal of this review is to highlight mitochondrial dysfunction observed throughout major organ systems in the context of T2DM and to present new ideas for future research directions based on novel experimental and technological innovations in mitochondrial biology. Finally, the field of mitochondria-targeted therapeutics is discussed, with an emphasis on novel therapeutic strategies to restore mitochondrial homeostasis in the setting of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark V Pinti
- Division of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University School of Medicine , Morgantown, West Virginia
- Mitochondria, Metabolism, and Bioenergetics Working Group, West Virginia University School of Medicine , Morgantown, West Virginia
- West Virginia University School of Pharmacy , Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Garrett K Fink
- Division of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University School of Medicine , Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Quincy A Hathaway
- Division of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University School of Medicine , Morgantown, West Virginia
- Mitochondria, Metabolism, and Bioenergetics Working Group, West Virginia University School of Medicine , Morgantown, West Virginia
- Toxicology Working Group, West Virginia University School of Medicine , Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Andrya J Durr
- Division of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University School of Medicine , Morgantown, West Virginia
- Mitochondria, Metabolism, and Bioenergetics Working Group, West Virginia University School of Medicine , Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Amina Kunovac
- Division of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University School of Medicine , Morgantown, West Virginia
- Mitochondria, Metabolism, and Bioenergetics Working Group, West Virginia University School of Medicine , Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - John M Hollander
- Division of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University School of Medicine , Morgantown, West Virginia
- Mitochondria, Metabolism, and Bioenergetics Working Group, West Virginia University School of Medicine , Morgantown, West Virginia
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Szeto HH, Liu S. Cardiolipin-targeted peptides rejuvenate mitochondrial function, remodel mitochondria, and promote tissue regeneration during aging. Arch Biochem Biophys 2018; 660:137-148. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2018.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Revised: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Kono T, Tong X, Taleb S, Bone RN, Iida H, Lee CC, Sohn P, Gilon P, Roe MW, Evans-Molina C. Impaired Store-Operated Calcium Entry and STIM1 Loss Lead to Reduced Insulin Secretion and Increased Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in the Diabetic β-Cell. Diabetes 2018; 67:2293-2304. [PMID: 30131394 PMCID: PMC6198337 DOI: 10.2337/db17-1351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) is a dynamic process that leads to refilling of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ stores through reversible gating of plasma membrane Ca2+ channels by the ER Ca2+ sensor Stromal Interaction Molecule 1 (STIM1). Pathogenic reductions in β-cell ER Ca2+ have been observed in diabetes. However, a role for impaired SOCE in this phenotype has not been tested. We measured the expression of SOCE molecular components in human and rodent models of diabetes and found a specific reduction in STIM1 mRNA and protein levels in human islets from donors with type 2 diabetes (T2D), islets from hyperglycemic streptozotocin-treated mice, and INS-1 cells (rat insulinoma cells) treated with proinflammatory cytokines and palmitate. Pharmacologic SOCE inhibitors led to impaired islet Ca2+ oscillations and insulin secretion, and these effects were phenocopied by β-cell STIM1 deletion. STIM1 deletion also led to reduced ER Ca2+ storage and increased ER stress, whereas STIM1 gain of function rescued β-cell survival under proinflammatory conditions and improved insulin secretion in human islets from donors with T2D. Taken together, these data suggest that the loss of STIM1 and impaired SOCE contribute to ER Ca2+ dyshomeostasis under diabetic conditions, whereas efforts to restore SOCE-mediated Ca2+ transients may have the potential to improve β-cell health and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuyoshi Kono
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Xin Tong
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Solaema Taleb
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Robert N Bone
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Hitoshi Iida
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Chih-Chun Lee
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Paul Sohn
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Patrick Gilon
- Pôle d'endocrinologie, diabète et nutrition, Institut de recherche expérimentale et clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Michael W Roe
- Department of Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY
| | - Carmella Evans-Molina
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
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