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Haji Ali S, Osmaniye D, Sağlık BN, Levent S, Özkay Y, Kaplancıklı ZA. Design, Synthesis, Investigation, and Biological Activity Assessments of (4-Substituted-Phenyl)- N-(3-morpholinopropyl)-3-phenylthiazol-2(3 H)-imine Derivatives as Antifungal Agents. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:39326-39343. [PMID: 39346840 PMCID: PMC11425616 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
In this study, a series of novel thiazol-2(3H)-imine (2a-2j) were designed, synthesized, and characterized by means of 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and HRMS spectral analyses. In vitro antifungal activity was performed using a modified EUCAST protocol. Two of the synthesized compounds (2d and 2e) showed activity against Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis. Compound 2e showed activity against C. parapsilosis (MIC50 = 1.23 μg/mL) for 48 h. This value is very similar to ketoconazole. The dynamic analysis of the potential compounds 2d and 2e revealed notable stability while interacting with the 14α-demethylase enzyme substrate. The absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) studies of the candidate compound showed acceptable ADME parameter data and verified their drug-likeness characteristics. According to the results of this study, compound 4-(4-fluorophenyl)-N-(3-morpholinopropyl)-3-phenylthiazol-2(3H)-imine (2e) and its derivatives as 14α-demethylase inhibitors can be used as a new antifungal for further structural improvements and additional research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sazan Haji Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil 44000, Iraq
- Graduate Education Institute, Anadolu University, Eskişehir 26470, Turkey
| | - Derya Osmaniye
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry,
Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir 26470, Turkey
- Central Research Laboratory,
Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir 26470, Turkey
| | - Begüm Nurpelin Sağlık
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry,
Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir 26470, Turkey
- Central Research Laboratory,
Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir 26470, Turkey
| | - Serkan Levent
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry,
Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir 26470, Turkey
- Central Research Laboratory,
Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir 26470, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Özkay
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry,
Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir 26470, Turkey
- Central Research Laboratory,
Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir 26470, Turkey
| | - Zafer Asım Kaplancıklı
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry,
Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir 26470, Turkey
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2
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Mondal H. Halogen and Chalcogen Activation by Nucleophilic Catalysis. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202402261. [PMID: 39039960 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202402261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
The high utility of halogenated organic compounds has prompted the development of numerous transformations that install the carbon-halogen motif. Halogen functionalities, deemed as "functional and functionalizable" molecules due to their capacity to modulate diverse internal properties, constitute a pivotal strategy in drug discovery and development. Traditional routes to these building blocks have commonly involved multiple steps, harsh reaction conditions, and the use of stoichiometric and/or toxic reagents. With the emergence of solid halogen carriers such as N-halosuccinimides, and halohydantoins as popular sources of halonium ions, the past decade has witnessed enormous growth in the development of new catalytic strategies for halofunctionalization. This review aims to provide a nuanced perspective on nucleophilic activators and their roles in halogen activation. It will highlight critical discoveries in effecting racemic and asymmetric variants of these reactions, driven by the development of new catalysts, activation modes, and improved understanding of chemical reactivity and reaction kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haripriyo Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
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3
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Zheng J, Zhang S, Luo W, Yang Q, Qin R, Tang B, Zhang Y, Xia X, Luo X, Mai B, Yu Y. Tracing semi-quantitatively the absorption and removal of organic pollutants in human hair based on secondary ion mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 477:135278. [PMID: 39047566 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Human hair has become a promising non-invasive matrix in assessing exposure to environmental organic pollutants (OPs). However, exogenous contaminants, which were absorbed into the hair via sweat, sebum, and air particles/dust, could contribute to OP levels in hair and interfere with the precise exposure assessment. So far, the microscopic mechanisms underlying the absorption of exogenous OPs into hair remain inadequately understood. This study focused on the in-situ investigation of the diffusion processes of exogenous OPs into the hair structure using secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) and isotopic tracer techniques. Results showed that the relative signal intensities of deuterium-labeled tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCPP), 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OH-Pry), and bisphenol A (BPA) in the hair cortex were notably elevated after a 6-hour exposure. Diffusion coefficients of contaminants were related to their molecular weight, and absorption volumes to their water solubility and molecular structures. Exposure duration and solvent influenced the rate of diffusion and absorption volumes. The distribution of deuterium-labeled molecules in exposed hair samples after washing with two different solvents (acetone or water) was similar to that before washing. Our findings revealed the diffusion of OPs in hair cross-sections, indicating exogenous contributions to contaminants that are biologically incorporated into the hair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zheng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, Research Group of Emerging Contaminants, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, PR China
| | - Shiyi Zhang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, Research Group of Emerging Contaminants, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, PR China.
| | - Weikeng Luo
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, Research Group of Emerging Contaminants, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, PR China.
| | - Qing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Isotope Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China
| | - Ruixin Qin
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, Research Group of Emerging Contaminants, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Bin Tang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, Research Group of Emerging Contaminants, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, PR China
| | - Yanqiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Isotope Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China
| | - Xiaoping Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Isotope Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Xiaojun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Bixian Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Yunjiang Yu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, Research Group of Emerging Contaminants, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, PR China
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4
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Kachore A, Aggarwal V, Bala E, Singh H, Guleria S, Sharma S, Pathan S, Saima, Selvaraj M, Assiri MA, Kumar Verma P. Recent Advances in Direct Regioselective C-H Chlorination at Aromatic and Aliphatic. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202400391. [PMID: 38825568 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202400391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Direct installation of key functionalities in a molecule through C-H bond activation is one of the thrust areas as well as challenging task in organic synthesis. Particularly, introduction of chlorine in a molecule imparts additional benefits for further functionalizations as well as improves the electronic behaviour such as lipophilicity and polarity towards drug development process. The chlorinated molecules have also been established as efficient biologically relevant scaffolds. Current manuscript has been focused on the direct installation of the chlorine atom at various aromatic and aliphatic positions to produce functional molecules. The key highlight of the manuscript belongs to the site selectivity (regioselectivity) for the installation of chlorine functionality. Manuscript describes the advanced methods developed for the direct C-H chlorination reactions and further simplified for the chlorination reactions at various positions including aromatic (o-, m-, and p-), benzylic, heteroaromatic, and aliphatic positions. Directing groups (DGs) and the coordination with the catalyst is the key for the enhancement of regioselectivities during direct C-H chlorination reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Kachore
- School of Advanced Chemical Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, 173229, Solan, H.P., India
| | - Varun Aggarwal
- School of Advanced Chemical Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, 173229, Solan, H.P., India
| | - Ekta Bala
- School of Advanced Chemical Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, 173229, Solan, H.P., India
| | - Hemant Singh
- School of Advanced Chemical Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, 173229, Solan, H.P., India
| | - Saksham Guleria
- School of Advanced Chemical Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, 173229, Solan, H.P., India
| | - Sakshi Sharma
- School of Advanced Chemical Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, 173229, Solan, H.P., India
| | - Sameer Pathan
- School of Advanced Chemical Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, 173229, Solan, H.P., India
| | - Saima
- School of Advanced Chemical Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, 173229, Solan, H.P., India
| | - Manickam Selvaraj
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, PO Box 9004, 61413, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- Research Centre for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, PO Box 9004, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A Assiri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, PO Box 9004, 61413, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- Research Centre for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, PO Box 9004, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Praveen Kumar Verma
- School of Advanced Chemical Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, 173229, Solan, H.P., India
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, SIMATS, Saveetha University, 600077, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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5
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de Sousa Cutrim TA, Barcelos FF, Meireles LM, Rodrigues Gazolla PA, Almeida Lima ÂM, Teixeira RR, Moreira LC, de Queiroz VT, Almeida Barbosa LC, Bezerra Morais PA, do Nascimento CJ, Junker J, Costa AV, Fronza M, Scherer R. Design, synthesis, docking studies and bioactivity evaluation of 1,2,3-triazole eugenol derivatives. Future Med Chem 2024:1-15. [PMID: 39157870 DOI: 10.1080/17568919.2024.2385292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim: The design, synthesis, docking studies and evaluation of the in vitro antifungal and cytotoxic properties of eugenol (EUG) containing 1,2,3-triazole derivatives are reported. Most of the derivatives have not been reported.Materials & methods: The EUG derivatives were synthesized, molecular docked and tested for their antifungal activity.Results: The compounds showed potent antifungal activity against Trichophyton rubrum, associated with dermatophytosis. Compounds 2a and 2i exhibited promising results, with 2a being four-times more potent than EUG. The binding mode prediction was similar to itraconazole in the lanosterol-14-α-demethylase wild-type and G73E mutant binding sites. Additionally, the pharmacokinetic profile prediction suggests good gastrointestinal absorption and potential oral administration.Conclusion: Compound 2a is a promising antifungal agent against dermatophytosis caused by T. rubrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Antonio de Sousa Cutrim
- Universidade de Vila Velha, Departamento de Farmácia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Av. Comissário José Dantas de Melo, 21, Vila Velha, Espírito Santo State, 29102-770, Brazil
| | - Fernando Fontes Barcelos
- Universidade de Vila Velha, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia Vegetal, Av. Comissário José Dantas de Melo, 21, Vila Velha, Espírito Santo State, 29102-770, Brazil
| | - Leandra Martins Meireles
- Universidade de Vila Velha, Departamento de Farmácia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Av. Comissário José Dantas de Melo, 21, Vila Velha, Espírito Santo State, 29102-770, Brazil
| | - Poliana Aparecida Rodrigues Gazolla
- Departamento de Química e Física, Grupo de Pesquisa de Estudos Aplicados em Produtos Naturais e Síntese Orgânica (GEAPS), Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Alto Universitário, s/n, Alegre, Espírito Santo State, 29500-000, Brazil
| | - Ângela Maria Almeida Lima
- Departamento de Química e Física, Grupo de Pesquisa de Estudos Aplicados em Produtos Naturais e Síntese Orgânica (GEAPS), Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Alto Universitário, s/n, Alegre, Espírito Santo State, 29500-000, Brazil
| | - Róbson Ricardo Teixeira
- Departamento de Química, Grupo de Síntese e Pesquisa de Compostos Bioativos (GSPCB), Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. P.H. Rolfs, s/nViçosa, Minas Gerais State, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Luiza Carvalheira Moreira
- Departamento de Química, Grupo de Síntese e Pesquisa de Compostos Bioativos (GSPCB), Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. P.H. Rolfs, s/nViçosa, Minas Gerais State, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Vagner Tebaldi de Queiroz
- Departamento de Química e Física, Grupo de Pesquisa de Estudos Aplicados em Produtos Naturais e Síntese Orgânica (GEAPS), Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Alto Universitário, s/n, Alegre, Espírito Santo State, 29500-000, Brazil
| | - Luiz Cláudio Almeida Barbosa
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antonio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais State, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Pedro Alves Bezerra Morais
- Departamento de Química e Física, Grupo de Pesquisa de Estudos Aplicados em Produtos Naturais e Síntese Orgânica (GEAPS), Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Alto Universitário, s/n, Alegre, Espírito Santo State, 29500-000, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Jorge do Nascimento
- Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Av. Pauster, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro State, 22290-240, Brazil
| | - Jochen Junker
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Brasil, 4365, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro State, 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Adilson Vidal Costa
- Departamento de Química e Física, Grupo de Pesquisa de Estudos Aplicados em Produtos Naturais e Síntese Orgânica (GEAPS), Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Alto Universitário, s/n, Alegre, Espírito Santo State, 29500-000, Brazil
| | - Marcio Fronza
- Universidade de Vila Velha, Departamento de Farmácia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Av. Comissário José Dantas de Melo, 21, Vila Velha, Espírito Santo State, 29102-770, Brazil
- Universidade de Vila Velha, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia Vegetal, Av. Comissário José Dantas de Melo, 21, Vila Velha, Espírito Santo State, 29102-770, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Scherer
- Universidade de Vila Velha, Departamento de Farmácia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Av. Comissário José Dantas de Melo, 21, Vila Velha, Espírito Santo State, 29102-770, Brazil
- Universidade de Vila Velha, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia Vegetal, Av. Comissário José Dantas de Melo, 21, Vila Velha, Espírito Santo State, 29102-770, Brazil
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6
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Lewis JC. Identifying and Engineering Flavin Dependent Halogenases for Selective Biocatalysis. Acc Chem Res 2024; 57:2067-2079. [PMID: 39038085 PMCID: PMC11309780 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.4c00172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
ConspectusOrganohalogen compounds are extensively used as building blocks, intermediates, pharmaceuticals, and agrochemicals due to their unique chemical and biological properties. Installing halogen substituents, however, frequently requires functionalized starting materials and multistep functional group interconversion. Several classes of halogenases evolved in nature to enable halogenation of a different classes of substrates; for example, site-selective halogenation of electron rich aromatic compounds is catalyzed by flavin-dependent halogenases (FDHs). Mechanistic studies have shown that these enzymes use FADH2 to reduce O2 to water with concomitant oxidation of X- to HOX (X = Cl, Br, I). This species travels through a tunnel within the enzyme to access the FDH active site. Here, it is believed to interact with an active site lysine proximal to bound substrate, enabling electrophilic halogenation with selectivity imparted via molecular recognition, rather than directing groups or strong electronic activation.The unique selectivity of FDHs led to several early biocatalysis efforts, preparative halogenation was rare, and the hallmark catalyst-controlled selectivity of FDHs did not translate to non-native substrates. FDH engineering was limited to site-directed mutagenesis, which resulted in modest changes in site-selectivity or substrate preference. To address these limitations, we optimized expression conditions for the FDH RebH and its cognate flavin reductase (FRed), RebF. We then showed that RebH could be used for preparative halogenation of non-native substrates with catalyst-controlled selectivity. We reported the first examples in which the stability, substrate scope, and site selectivity of a FDH were improved to synthetically useful levels via directed evolution. X-ray crystal structures of evolved FDHs and reversion mutations showed that random mutations throughout the RebH structure were critical to achieving high levels of activity and selectivity on diverse aromatic substrates, and these data were used in combination with molecular dynamics simulations to develop predictive model for FDH selectivity. Finally, we used family wide genome mining to identify a diverse set of FDHs with novel substrate scope and complementary regioselectivity on large, three-dimensionally complex compounds.The diversity of our evolved and mined FDHs allowed us to pursue synthetic applications beyond simple aromatic halogenation. For example, we established that FDHs catalyze enantioselective reactions involving desymmetrization, atroposelective halogenation, and halocyclization. These results highlight the ability of FDH active sites to tolerate different substrate topologies. This utility was further expanded by our recent studies on the single component FDH/FRed, AetF. While we were initially drawn to AetF because it does not require a separate FRed, we found that it halogenates substrates that are not halogenated efficiently or at all by other FDHs and provides high enantioselectivity for reactions that could only be achieved using RebH variants after extensive mutagenesis. Perhaps most notably, AetF catalyzes site-selective aromatic iodination and enantioselective iodoetherification. Together, these studies highlight the origins of FDH engineering, the utility and limitations of the enzymes developed to date, and the promise of FDHs for an ever-expanding range of biocatalytic halogenation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared C Lewis
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
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7
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Tang J, Li S, Fu Y, Su Z, Xu J, Xue W, Zheng X, Li R, Chen H, Fu H. Radical meta-C-H Halogenation of Azines via N-Benzyl Activation Strategy. Org Lett 2024; 26:5899-5904. [PMID: 38984739 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Regioselective halogenation of six-membered N-heteroarenes is crucial for precise functional derivatization. We present a meta-selective halogenation method for pyridines, quinolines, and isoquinolines via electrophilic halogen radical addition utilizing an N-benzyl activation strategy. This method achieves C3- and C5-dihalogenation in pyridines, C3- and C6-dihalogenation in quinolines, and C3-monohalogenation in isoquinolines. The feasibility and potential applications of this method were validated through scale-up reactions and the bromination of quinoline derivatives with biomolecular fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Tang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Shun Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Yihua Fu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Zhishan Su
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Jiaqi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Weichao Xue
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Xueli Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Ruixiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Hua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Haiyan Fu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
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8
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Rasmussen C, Hoffman D. Fingerprinting Organofluorine Molecules via Position-Specific Isotope Analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 39023375 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c02250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Organofluorine substances are found in a wide range of materials and solvents commonly used in industry and homes, as well as pharmaceuticals and pesticides. In the environment, organofluorine molecules are now recognized as an important class of anthropogenic pollutants. Fingerprinting organofluorine compounds via their carbon isotope ratios (13C/12C) is crucial for correlating molecules with their source. Here we apply a 19F nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) technique to obtain the first position-specific carbon isotope ratios for a diverse set of organofluorine molecules. In contrast to traditional isotope ratio mass spectrometry, the 19F NMR method provides 13C/12C isotope ratios at each carbon position where a C-F bond is present, and does not require fragmentation or combustion to CO2, overcoming challenges posed by the robust C-F covalent bonds. The method was validated with 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol, and applied to analyze heptafluorobutanoic acid, 5-fluorouracil and fipronil. Results reveal distinct intramolecular carbon isotope distributions, enabling differentiation of chemically identical molecules. Notably, the NMR method accurately analyzes carbon isotopes within target molecules despite impurities. Potential applications include the detection of counterfeit products and drugs, and ultimately pollution tracking in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Rasmussen
- Institute for Geophysics, The University of Texas at Austin, J. J. Pickle Research Campus, 10601 Exploration Way, Austin, Texas 78758, United States
| | - David Hoffman
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, 100 East 24th Street, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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9
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Singh H, Inaththappulige SINH, Tak RK, Giri R. α-Bromoacetate as a Mild and Safe Brominating Agent in the Light-Driven Vicinal Dibromination of Unactivated Alkenes and Alkynes. Org Lett 2024; 26:5478-5481. [PMID: 38917275 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Light-induced vicinal dibromination of unactivated alkenes and alkynes has been demonstrated by using methyl α-bromoacetate as a mild brominating agent. A near-visible light (370 nm) light-emitting diode (LED) mediates this simple dibromination reaction under mild conditions with the inexpensive and nontoxic α-bromoacetate. The reaction proceeds well with both terminal and internal alkenes and alkynes and those contained in N/O-heterocycles, indicating its versatility in synthesizing dibrominated organic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshvardhan Singh
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | | | - Raj K Tak
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Ramesh Giri
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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10
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Jeschke P. Recent developments in fluorine-containing pesticides. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024; 80:3065-3087. [PMID: 38073050 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
To ensure ongoing sustainability, the modern agrochemical industry is faced with enormous challenges. These arise from provision of high-quality food to increasing water use and environmental impact as well as a growing world population. The loss of previous agrochemicals due to consumer perception, changing grower needs and ever-changing regulatory requirements is higher than the number of active ingredients that are being introduced into the crop protection market. Therefore, the development of novel agrochemicals is essential to provide improved efficacy and environmental profiles. In this context, the introduction of fluorine atoms and fluorine-containing motifs into a molecule is an important method to influence its physicochemical properties. These include, for example, small difluoro- and trifluoromethyl, or trifluoromethoxy groups at aryl or heterocyclic aryl moieties but also fragments like 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxycarbonyl, trifluoromethylsulfonyl, trifluoroacetyl, as well as the so far unusal rest like heptafluoro-iso-propyl. This review gives an overview of recent developments of fluorine-containing pesticides launched over the past 7 years and describes a selection of current fluorine-containing development candidates. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Jeschke
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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11
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Chaudhari SB, Kumar A, Mankar VH, Banerjee S, Kumar D, Mubarak NM, Dehghani MH. Diverse role, structural trends, and applications of fluorinated sulphonamide compounds in agrochemical and pharmaceutical fields. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32434. [PMID: 38975170 PMCID: PMC11226812 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Our knowledge of fluorine's unique and complex properties has significantly increased over the past 20 years. Consequently, more sophisticated and innovative techniques have emerged to incorporate this feature into the design of potential drug candidates. In recent years, researchers have become interested in synthesizing fluoro-sulphonamide compounds to discover new chemical entities with distinct and unexpected physical, chemical, and biological characteristics. The fluorinated sulphonamide molecules have shown significant biomedical importance. Their potential is not limited to biomedical applications but also includes crop protection. The discovery of novel fluorine and Sulfur compounds has highlighted their importance in the chemical sector, particularly in the agrochemical and medicinal fields. Recently, several fluorinated sulphonamide derivatives have been developed and frequently used by agriculturalists to produce food for the growing global population. These molecules have also exhibited their potential in health by inhibiting various human diseases. In today's world, it is crucial to have a steady supply of innovative pharmaceutical and agrochemical molecules that are highly effective, less harmful to the environment, and affordable. This review summarizes the available information on the activity of Fluorine and Sulphonamide compounds, which have proven active in pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals with excellent environmental and human health approaches. Moreover, it focuses on the current literature on the chemical structures, the application of fluorinated sulphonamide compounds against various pathological conditions, and their effectiveness in crop protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shankar B. Chaudhari
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering and Physical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, Punjab, India
| | - Anupam Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering and Bio Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, Punjab, India
| | - Viraj H. Mankar
- Department of Chemistry, Queensland University of Technology Brisbane, Australia
| | - Shaibal Banerjee
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Defence Institute of Advanced Technology, (DU), Girinagar, Pune 411025, India
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering and Physical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, Punjab, India
| | - Nabisab Mujawar Mubarak
- Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Bandar Seri Begawan, BE1410, Brunei Darussalam
- Department of Biosciences, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, India
| | - Mohammad Hadi Dehghani
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Center for Solid Waste Research, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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12
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Chen C, Lei Q, Geng W, Wang D, Gan X. Discovery of Novel Pyridazine Herbicides Targeting Phytoene Desaturase with Scaffold Hopping. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:12425-12433. [PMID: 38781442 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c09350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Phytoene desaturase (PDS) is a critical functional enzyme in blocking ζ-carotene biosynthesis and is one of the bleaching herbicide targets. At present, norflurazon (NRF) is the only commercial pyridazine herbicide targeting PDS. Therefore, developing new and diverse pyridazine herbicides targeting PDS is urgently required. In this study, diflufenican (BF) was used as the lead compound, and a scaffold-hopping strategy was employed to design and synthesize some pyridazine derivatives based on the action mode of BF and PDS. The preemergence herbicidal activity tests revealed that compound 6-chloro-N-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-3-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)pyridazine-4-carboxamide (B1) with 2,4-diF substitution in the benzeneamino ring showed 100% inhibition rates against the roots and stems of Echinochloa crus-galli and Portulaca oleracea at 100 μg/mL, superior to the inhibition rates of BF. Meanwhile, compound B1 demonstrated excellent postemergence herbicidal activity against broadleaf weeds, which was similar to that of BF (inhibition rate of 100%) but superior to that of NRF. This indicated that 6-Cl in the pyridazine ring is the key group for postemergence herbicidal activity. In addition, compound B1 could induce downregulation of PDS gene expression, 15-cis-phytoene accumulation, and Y(II) deficiency and prevent photosynthesis. Therefore, B1 can be considered as a promising candidate for developing high-efficiency PDS inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, PR China
| | - Qiong Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, PR China
| | - Wang Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, PR China
| | - Daoping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, PR China
| | - Xiuhai Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, PR China
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13
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Jiang Y, Yao M, Feng J, Niu H, Qiao B, Li B, Wang B, Xiao W, Dong M, Yuan Y. Molecular Insights into Converting Hydroxide Adenosyltransferase into Halogenase. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:12685-12695. [PMID: 38771136 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c02581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Halogenation plays a unique role in the design of agrochemicals. Enzymatic halogenation reactions have attracted great attention due to their excellent specificity and mild reaction conditions. S-adenosyl-l-methionine (SAM)-dependent halogenases mediate the nucleophilic attack of halide ions (X-) to SAM to produce 5'-XDA. However, only 11 SAM-dependent fluorinases and 3 chlorinases have been reported, highlighting the desire for additional halogenases. SAM-dependent hydroxide adenosyltransferase (HATase) has a similar reaction mechanism as halogenases but uses water as a substrate instead of halide ions. Here, we explored a HATase from the thermophile Thermotoga maritima MSB8 and transformed it into a halogenase. We identified a key dyad W8L/V71T for the halogenation reaction. We also obtained the best performing mutants for each halogenation reaction: M1, M2 and M4 for Cl-, Br- and I-, respectively. The M4 mutant retained the thermostability of HATase in the iodination reaction at 80 °C, which surpasses the natural halogenase SalL. QM/MM revealed that these mutants bind halide ions with more suitable angles for nucleophilic attack of C5' of SAM, thus conferring halogenation capabilities. Our work achieved the halide ion specificity of halogenases and generated thermostable halogenases for the first time, which provides new opportunities to expand the halogenase repertoire from hydroxylase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixun Jiang
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Frontier Research Institute for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Mingdong Yao
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Frontier Research Institute for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jianqiang Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Haoran Niu
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Bin Qiao
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Bingzhi Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Frontier Research Institute for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Binju Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Wenhai Xiao
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Frontier Research Institute for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Georgia Tech Shenzhen Institute, Tianjin University, Shenzhen 518071, China
| | - Min Dong
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yingjin Yuan
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Frontier Research Institute for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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14
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Gad MA, Bakry MMS, Tolba EFM, Alkhaibari AM, Mashlawi AM, Thabet MA, Al-Taifi EA, Bakhite EA. Exploration of Some Heterocyclic Compounds Containing Trifluoromethylpyridine Scaffold as Insecticides Toward Aphis gossypii Insects. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202400451. [PMID: 38556464 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202400451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Five types of heterocyclic compounds containing trifloromethylpyridine scaffold namely; 3-cyano-2-(N-phenyl)carbamoylmethylthio-6-(thiophen-2-yl)-4-trifluoromethyl-pyridine (6a), thieno[2,3-b]pyridines 3-5 and 7a-c, pyrido[3',2':4,5]thieno[3,2-d] pyrimidines 8-13 and 15a-c, pyrido[3',2':4,5]thieno[3,2-d][1,2,3]triazines 16a,b, and 9-(thiophen-2-yl)-7-(trifluoromethyl) pyrido [3',2':4,5]thieno[2,3-e][1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidine (14) were synthesized in excellent yields and very pure state. The structures of these compounds were confirmed by elemental and spectral analyses. Most of the synthesized compounds were evaluated as insecticidal agents toward Aphis gossypii insects and promising results obtained. Among all tested compounds, only 6, 7a, 7c and 15c being the most potent compounds against nymphs and adults of Aphis gossypii and their activities are nearly to that of acetamiprid as a reference. The effect of 6a compounds 7a, 7c and 15c on the Aphis digestive system from histological point of view was also included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Gad
- Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Center, 12619, Giza, Egypt
| | - Moustafa M S Bakry
- Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Center, 12619, Giza, Egypt
| | - Eman F M Tolba
- Plant Protection Dept., Faculty of Agricultural, New valley University, 72511, New valley, Egypt
| | - Abeer M Alkhaibari
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abadi M Mashlawi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Jazan University, 82817, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marwa A Thabet
- Department Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516, Egypt
| | - Elham A Al-Taifi
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Sana'a University, 11503, Sana's, Yemen
| | - Etify A Bakhite
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516, Egypt
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15
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Chen S, Yang Z, Sun W, Tian K, Sun P, Wu J. TMV-CP based rational design and discovery of α-Amide phosphate derivatives as anti plant viral agents. Bioorg Chem 2024; 147:107415. [PMID: 38701597 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
The tobacco mosaic virus coat protein (TMV-CP) is indispensable for the virus's replication, movement and transmission, as well as for the host plant's immune system to recognize it. It constitutes the outermost layer of the virus particle, and serves as an essential component of the virus structure. TMV-CP is essential for initiating and extending viral assembly, playing a crucial role in the self-assembly process of Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV). This research employed TMV-CP as a primary target for virtual screening, from which a library of 43,417 compounds was sourced and SH-05 was chosen as the lead compound. Consequently, a series of α-amide phosphate derivatives were designed and synthesized, exhibiting remarkable anti-TMV efficacy. The synthesized compounds were found to be beneficial in treating TMV, with compound 3g displaying a slightly better curative effect than Ningnanmycin (NNM) (EC50 = 304.54 µg/mL) at an EC50 of 291.9 µg/mL. Additionally, 3g exhibited comparable inactivation activity (EC50 = 63.2 µg/mL) to NNM (EC50 = 67.5 µg/mL) and similar protective activity (EC50 = 228.9 µg/mL) to NNM (EC50 = 219.7 µg/mL). Microscale thermal analysis revealed that the binding of 3g (Kd = 4.5 ± 1.9 µM) to TMV-CP showed the same level with NNM (Kd = 5.5 ± 2.6 µM). Results from transmission electron microscopy indicated that 3g could disrupt the structure of TMV virus particles. The toxicity prediction indicated that 3g was low toxicity. Molecular docking showed that 3g interacted with TMV-CP through hydrogen bond, attractive charge interaction and π-Cation interaction. This research provided a novel α-amide phosphate structure target TMV-CP, which may help the discovery of new anti-TMV agents in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunhong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide; Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Zhaokai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide; Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Wei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide; Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Kuan Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide; Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Ping Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide; Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Jian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide; Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China.
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16
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Budiman YP, Perutz RN, Steel PG, Radius U, Marder TB. Applications of Transition Metal-Catalyzed ortho-Fluorine-Directed C-H Functionalization of (Poly)fluoroarenes in Organic Synthesis. Chem Rev 2024; 124:4822-4862. [PMID: 38564710 PMCID: PMC11046440 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The synthesis of organic compounds efficiently via fewer steps but in higher yields is desirable as this reduces energy and reagent use, waste production, and thus environmental impact as well as cost. The reactivity of C-H bonds ortho to fluorine substituents in (poly)fluoroarenes with metal centers is enhanced relative to meta and para positions. Thus, direct C-H functionalization of (poly)fluoroarenes without prefunctionalization is becoming a significant area of research in organic chemistry. Novel and selective methodologies to functionalize (poly)fluorinated arenes by taking advantage of the reactivity of C-H bonds ortho to C-F bonds are continuously being developed. This review summarizes the reasons for the enhanced reactivity and the consequent developments in the synthesis of valuable (poly)fluoroarene-containing organic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudha P. Budiman
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, 45363 Sumedang, Indonesia
| | - Robin N. Perutz
- Department
of Chemistry, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, U.K.
| | - Patrick G. Steel
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Durham, Science
Laboratories, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, U.K.
| | - Udo Radius
- Institute
for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität
Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Todd B. Marder
- Institute
for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität
Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg Germany
- Institute
for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg Germany
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17
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Budiman YP, Putra MH, Ramadhan MR, Hannifah R, Luz C, Ghafara IZ, Rustaman R, Ernawati EE, Mayanti T, Groß A, Radius U, Marder TB. Pd-Catalyzed Oxidative C-H Arylation of (Poly)fluoroarenes with Aryl Pinacol Boronates and Experimental and Theoretical Studies of its Reaction Mechanism. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202400094. [PMID: 38412058 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202400094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
We report the synergistic combination of Pd(OAc)2 and Ag2O for the oxidative C-H arylation of (poly)fluoroarenes with aryl pinacol boronates (Ar-Bpin) in DMF as the solvent. This procedure can be conducted easily in air, and without using additional ligands, to afford the fluorinated unsymmetrical biaryl products in up to 98 % yield. Experimental studies suggest that the formation of [PdL2(C6F5)2] in DMF as coordinating solvent does not take place under the reaction conditions as it is stable to reductive elimination and thus would deactivate the catalyst. Thus, the intermediate [Pd(DMF)2(ArF)(Ar)] must be formed selectively to give desired arylation products. DFT calculations predict a low barrier (5.87 kcal/mol) for the concerted metalation deprotonation (CMD) process between C6F5H and the Pd(II) species formed after transmetalation between the Pd(II)X2 complex and aryl-Bpin which forms a Pd-Arrich species. Thus a Pd(Arrich)(Arpoor) complex is generated selectively which undergoes reductive elimination to generate the unsymmetrical biaryl product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudha P Budiman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, 45363, Sumedang, Indonesia
| | | | - Muhammad R Ramadhan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, 45363, Sumedang, Indonesia
| | - Raiza Hannifah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, 45363, Sumedang, Indonesia
| | - Christian Luz
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ilham Z Ghafara
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, 45363, Sumedang, Indonesia
| | - Rustaman Rustaman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, 45363, Sumedang, Indonesia
| | - Engela E Ernawati
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, 45363, Sumedang, Indonesia
| | - Tri Mayanti
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, 45363, Sumedang, Indonesia
| | - Axel Groß
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Ulm University, 89081, Ulm, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU), Electrochemical Energy Storage, 89069, Ulm, Germany
| | - Udo Radius
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Todd B Marder
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
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18
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Reed KB, Brooks SM, Wells J, Blake KJ, Zhao M, Placido K, d'Oelsnitz S, Trivedi A, Gadhiyar S, Alper HS. A modular and synthetic biosynthesis platform for de novo production of diverse halogenated tryptophan-derived molecules. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3188. [PMID: 38609402 PMCID: PMC11015028 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47387-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Halogen-containing molecules are ubiquitous in modern society and present unique chemical possibilities. As a whole, de novo fermentation and synthetic pathway construction for these molecules remain relatively underexplored and could unlock molecules with exciting new applications in industries ranging from textiles to agrochemicals to pharmaceuticals. Here, we report a mix-and-match co-culture platform to de novo generate a large array of halogenated tryptophan derivatives in Escherichia coli from glucose. First, we engineer E. coli to produce between 300 and 700 mg/L of six different halogenated tryptophan precursors. Second, we harness the native promiscuity of multiple downstream enzymes to access unexplored regions of metabolism. Finally, through modular co-culture fermentations, we demonstrate a plug-and-play bioproduction platform, culminating in the generation of 26 distinct halogenated molecules produced de novo including precursors to prodrugs 4-chloro- and 4-bromo-kynurenine and new-to-nature halogenated beta carbolines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin B Reed
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 200 E Dean Keeton St. Stop C0400, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Sierra M Brooks
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 200 E Dean Keeton St. Stop C0400, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Jordan Wells
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 200 E Dean Keeton St. Stop C0400, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Kristin J Blake
- Mass Spectrometry Facility, Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 E 24th Street, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Minye Zhao
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 200 E Dean Keeton St. Stop C0400, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Kira Placido
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 200 E Dean Keeton St. Stop C0400, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Simon d'Oelsnitz
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, 2500 Speedway Avenue, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Adit Trivedi
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 200 E Dean Keeton St. Stop C0400, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Shruti Gadhiyar
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 200 E Dean Keeton St. Stop C0400, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Hal S Alper
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 200 E Dean Keeton St. Stop C0400, Austin, TX, USA.
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, 2500 Speedway Avenue, Austin, TX, USA.
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19
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Liu HY, Qian F, Zhang HM, Gui Q, Wang YW, Wang P. Tri-enzyme fusion of tryptophan halogenase achieves a concise strategy for coenzyme self-sufficiency and the continuous halogenation of L-tryptophan. Biotechnol J 2024; 19:e2300557. [PMID: 38581092 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202300557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
The halogenase-based catalysis is one of the most environmentally friendly methods for the synthesis of halogenated products, among which flavin-dependent halogenases (FDHs) have attracted great interest as one of the most promising biocatalysts due to the remarkable site-selectivity and wide substrate range. However, the complexity of constructing the NAD+-NADH-FAD-FADH2 bicoenzyme cycle system has affected the engineering applications of FDHs. In this work, a coenzyme self-sufficient tri-enzyme fusion was constructed and successfully applied to the continuous halogenation of L-tryptophan. SpFDH was firstly identified derived from Streptomyces pratensis, a highly selective halogenase capable of generating 6-chloro-tryptophan from tryptophan. Then, using gene fusion technology, SpFDH was fused with glucose dehydrogenase (GDH) and flavin reductase (FR) to form a tri-enzyme fusion, which increased the yield by 1.46-fold and making the coenzymes self-sufficient. For more efficient halogenation of L-tryptophan, a continuous halogenation bioprocess of L-tryptophan was developed by immobilizing the tri-enzyme fusion and attaching it to a continuous catalytic device, which resulted in a reaction yield of 97.6% after 12 h reaction. An FDH from S. pratensis was successfully applied in the halogenation and our study provides a concise strategy for the preparation of halogenated tryptophan mediated by multienzyme cascade catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Yu Liu
- Key Laboratory for Green Pharmaceutical Technologies and Related Equipment of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Feng Qian
- Key Laboratory for Green Pharmaceutical Technologies and Related Equipment of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Min Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Green Pharmaceutical Technologies and Related Equipment of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Qian Gui
- Key Laboratory for Green Pharmaceutical Technologies and Related Equipment of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yao-Wu Wang
- Key Laboratory for Green Pharmaceutical Technologies and Related Equipment of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Pu Wang
- Key Laboratory for Green Pharmaceutical Technologies and Related Equipment of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P.R. China
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20
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Jiang Y, Kim A, Olive C, Lewis JC. Selective C-H Halogenation of Alkenes and Alkynes Using Flavin-Dependent Halogenases. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202317860. [PMID: 38280216 PMCID: PMC10947852 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202317860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Single component flavin-dependent halogenases (FDHs) possess both flavin reductase and FDH activity in a single enzyme. We recently reported that the single component FDH AetF catalyzes site-selective bromination and iodination of a variety of aromatic substrates and enantioselective bromolactonization and iodoetherification of styrenes bearing pendant carboxylic acid or alcohol substituents. Given this inherent reactivity and selectivity, we explored the utility of AetF as catalyst for alkene and alkyne C-H halogenation. We find that AetF catalyzes halogenation of a range of 1,1-disubstituted styrenes, often with high stereoselectivity. Despite the utility of haloalkenes for cross-coupling and other applications, accessing these compounds in a stereoselective manner typically requires functional group interconversion processes, and selective halogenation of 1,1'-disubstituted olefins remains rare. We also establish that AetF and homologues of this enzyme can halogenate terminal alkynes. Mutagenesis studies and deuterium kinetic isotope effects are used to support a mechanistic proposal involving covalent catalysis for halogenation of unactivated alkynes by AetF homologues. These findings expand the scope of FDH catalysis and continue to show the unique utility of single component FDHs for biocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhua Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Ahram Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Cahmlo Olive
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Jared C. Lewis
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
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21
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Huang Z, Liu D, Chen S, Ren J, Gao C, Li Z, Fan A, Lin W. Brominated Depsidones with Antibacterial Effects from a Deep-Sea-Derived Fungus Spiromastix sp. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:78. [PMID: 38393049 PMCID: PMC10890614 DOI: 10.3390/md22020078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Eleven new brominated depsidones, namely spiromastixones U-Z5 (1-11) along with five known analogues (12-16), were isolated from a deep-sea-derived fungus Spiromastix sp. through the addition of sodium bromide during fermentation. Their structures were elucidated by extensive analysis of the spectroscopic data including high-resolution MS and 1D and 2D NMR data. Compounds 6-10 and 16 exhibited significant inhibition against Gram-positive bacteria including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VRE) with MIC values ranging from 0.5 to 2.0 μM. Particularly, tribrominated 7 displayed the strongest activity against MRSA and VRE with a MIC of 0.5 and 1.0 μM, respectively, suggesting its potential for further development as a new antibacterial agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zequan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (Z.H.); (D.L.); (S.C.)
- Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China;
| | - Dong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (Z.H.); (D.L.); (S.C.)
| | - Shang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (Z.H.); (D.L.); (S.C.)
| | - Jinwei Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;
| | - Chenghai Gao
- Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China;
| | - Zhiyong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China;
| | - Aili Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (Z.H.); (D.L.); (S.C.)
| | - Wenhan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (Z.H.); (D.L.); (S.C.)
- Ningbo Institute of Marine Medicine, Peking University, Ningbo 315832, China
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22
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Zhang Y, Teng BH, Wu XF. Copper-catalyzed trichloromethylative carbonylation of ethylene. Chem Sci 2024; 15:1418-1423. [PMID: 38274060 PMCID: PMC10806816 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05530b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Difunctionalization of alkenes is an efficient strategy for the synthesis of complex compounds from readily available starting materials. Herein, we developed a copper-catalyzed visible-light-mediated trichloromethylative carbonylation of ethylene by employing commercially available CCl4 and CO as trichloromethyl and carbonyl sources, respectively. With this protocol, various nucleophiles including amines, phenols, and alcohols can be rapidly transformed into β-trichloromethyl carboxylic acid derivatives with good functional-group tolerance. Bis-vinylated γ-trichloromethyl amides can also be obtained by adjusting the pressure of carbon monoxide and ethylene. In addition, this photocatalytic system can be successfully applied in the late-stage functionalization of bioactive molecules and pharmaceutical derivatives as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youcan Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science Shanghai 201620 China
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences 116023 Dalian Liaoning China
| | - Bing-Hong Teng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University 850 Huanghe Road Dalian 116029 China
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences 116023 Dalian Liaoning China
| | - Xiao-Feng Wu
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences 116023 Dalian Liaoning China
- Leibniz-Institut Für Katalyse e.V. Albert-Einstein-Straβe 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
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23
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Shukla G, Singh M, Kumar Yadav A, Shankar Singh M. Aromatic C(sp 2 )-H Functionalization by Consecutive Paired Electrolysis: Dibromination of Aryl Amines with Dibromoethane at Room Temperature. Chemistry 2023:e202303179. [PMID: 38078727 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we disclose a facile and efficient electrochemical method for the dibromination of aryl amines by double functionalization of aromatic C(sp2 )-H (both para and ortho) under metal- and external oxidant-free conditions at room temperature for the first time. The reaction is demonstrated using 1,2-dibromoethane to dibrominate a wide range of N-substituted aryl amines in a simple setup with C(+)/Pt(-) electrodes under mild reaction conditions. This transformation proceeds smoothly with a broad substrate scope affording the valuable and versatile N-substituted 2,4-dibromoanilines in moderate to excellent yields with high regioselectivity. In this paired electrolysis, cathodic reduction of 1,2-DBE followed by anodic oxidation generates bromonium intermediates, which then couple with anilines to furnish the dibrominated products. It represents a distinctive approach to challenging redox-neutral reactions. The versatility of the electrochemical ortho-, para-dibromination was reflected by unique regioselectivities for challenging aryl amines and gram-scale electrosynthesis without the use of a stoichiometric oxidant or an activating agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Shukla
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Malkeet Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Anup Kumar Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Maya Shankar Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
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24
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Vennelakanti V, Li GL, Kulik HJ. Why Nonheme Iron Halogenases Do Not Fluorinate C-H Bonds: A Computational Investigation. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:19758-19770. [PMID: 37972340 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c03215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Selective halogenation is necessary for a range of fine chemical applications, including the development of therapeutic drugs. While synthetic processes to achieve C-H halogenation require harsh conditions, enzymes such as nonheme iron halogenases carry out some types of C-H halogenation, i.e., chlorination or bromination, with ease, while others, i.e., fluorination, have never been observed in natural or engineered nonheme iron enzymes. Using density functional theory and correlated wave function theory, we investigate the differences in structural and energetic preferences of the smaller fluoride and the larger chloride or bromide intermediates throughout the catalytic cycle. Although we find that the energetics of rate-limiting hydrogen atom transfer are not strongly impacted by fluoride substitution, the higher barriers observed during the radical rebound reaction for fluoride relative to chloride and bromide contribute to the difficulty of C-H fluorination. We also investigate the possibility of isomerization playing a role in differences in reaction selectivity, and our calculations reveal crucial differences in terms of isomer energetics of the key ferryl intermediate between fluoride and chloride/bromide intermediates. While formation of monodentate isomers believed to be involved in selective catalysis is shown for chloride and bromide intermediates, we find that formation of the fluoride monodentate intermediate is not possible in our calculations, which lack additional stabilizing interactions with the greater protein environment. Furthermore, the shorter Fe-F bonds are found to increase isomerization reaction barriers, suggesting that incorporation of residues that form a halogen bond with F and elongate Fe-F bonds could make selective C-H fluorination possible in nonheme iron halogenases. Our work highlights the differences between the fluoride and chloride/bromide intermediates and suggests potential steps toward engineering nonheme iron halogenases to enable selective C-H fluorination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vyshnavi Vennelakanti
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Grace L Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Heather J Kulik
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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25
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Zhu F, Li Z, Wu XF. Nickel-Catalyzed Aminofluoroalkylative Cyclization of Styrenes with Ethyl Fluoroacetate and Anilines toward Fluoro-γ-Lactams. Org Lett 2023; 25:8535-8539. [PMID: 37985463 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
A novel method for the nickel-catalyzed multicomponent aminofluoroalkylation/cyclization of styrenes with ethyl fluoroacetate and anilines has been developed. This protocol provides general and efficient access to a diverse range of fluoro-γ-lactams from simple and readily available starting materials. Control experiments prove the involvement of radical intermediates and excluded the presence of 2-fluoro-N-phenylacetamide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengxiang Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Ziyan Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Wu
- Institution Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V., Rostock 18059, Germany
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26
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Meanwell NA. Applications of Bioisosteres in the Design of Biologically Active Compounds. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:18087-18122. [PMID: 36961953 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c00765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The design of bioisosteres represents a creative and productive approach to improve a molecule, including by enhancing potency, addressing pharmacokinetic challenges, reducing off-target liabilities, and productively modulating physicochemical properties. Bioisosterism is a principle exploited in the design of bioactive compounds of interest to both medicinal and agricultural chemists, and in this review, we provide a synopsis of applications where this kind of molecular editing has proved to be advantageous in molecule optimization. The examples selected for discussion focus on bioisosteres of carboxylic acids, applications of fluorine and fluorinated motifs in compound design, some applications of the sulfoximine functionality, the design of bioisosteres of drug-H2O complexes, and the design of bioisosteres of the phenyl ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A Meanwell
- The Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, 3805 Old Easton Rd, Doylestown, Pennsylvania 18902, United States
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27
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Festa AA, Storozhenko OA, Voskressensky LG, Van der Eycken EV. Visible light-mediated halogenation of organic compounds. Chem Soc Rev 2023. [PMID: 37975853 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00366c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The use of visible light and photoredox catalysis emerged as a powerful and sustainable tool for organic synthesis, showing high value for distinctly different ways of bond creation. Halogenated compounds are the cornerstone of contemporary organic synthesis: it is almost impossible to develop a route towards a pharmaceutical reagent, agrochemical, natural product, etc. without the involvement of halogen-containing intermediates. Moreover, the halogenated derivatives as final products became indispensable for drug discovery and materials science. The idea of this review is to understand and summarise the impact of visible light-promoted chemistry on halogenation and halofunctionalisation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey A Festa
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya st. 6, Moscow, 117198, Russian Federation.
| | - Olga A Storozhenko
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya st. 6, Moscow, 117198, Russian Federation.
| | - Leonid G Voskressensky
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya st. 6, Moscow, 117198, Russian Federation.
| | - Erik V Van der Eycken
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya st. 6, Moscow, 117198, Russian Federation.
- Laboratory for Organic & Microwave-Assisted Chemistry (LOMAC), Department of Chemistry, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium
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28
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Magwaza NM, More GK, Gildenhuys S, Mphahlele MJ. In Vitro α-Glucosidase and α-Amylase Inhibition, Cytotoxicity and Free Radical Scavenging Profiling of the 6-Halogeno and Mixed 6,8-Dihalogenated 2-Aryl-4-methyl-1,2-dihydroquinazoline 3-Oxides. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1971. [PMID: 38001824 PMCID: PMC10669220 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12111971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Series of the 6-bromo/iodo substituted 2-aryl-4-methyl-1,2-dihydroquinazoline-3-oxides and their mixed 6,8-dihalogenated (Br/I and I/Br) derivatives were evaluated for inhibitory properties against α-glucosidase and/or α-amylase activities and for cytotoxicity against breast (MCF-7) and lung (A549) cancer cell lines. The 6-bromo-2-phenyl substituted 3a and its corresponding 6-bromo-8-iodo-2-phenyl-substituted derivative 3i exhibited dual activity against α-glucosidase (IC50 = 1.08 ± 0.02 μM and 1.01 ± 0.05 μM, respectively) and α-amylase (IC50 = 5.33 ± 0.01 μM and 1.18 ± 0.06 μM, respectively) compared to acarbose (IC50 = 4.40 ± 0.05 μM and 2.92 ± 0.02 μM, respectively). The 6-iodo-2-(4-fluorophenyl)-substituted derivative 3f, on the other hand, exhibited strong activity against α-amylase and significant inhibitory effect against α-glucosidase with IC50 values of 0.64 ± 0.01 μM and 9.27 ± 0.02 μM, respectively. Compounds 3c, 3l and 3p exhibited the highest activity against α-glucosidase with IC50 values of 1.04 ± 0.03, 0.92 ± 0.01 and 0.78 ± 0.05 μM, respectively. Moderate cytotoxicity against the MCF-7 and A549 cell lines was observed for these compounds compared to the anticancer drugs doxorubicin (IC50 = 0.25 ± 0.05 μM and 0.36 ± 0.07 μM, respectively) and gefitinib (IC50 = 0.19 ± 0.04 μM and 0.25 ± 0.03 μM, respectively), and their IC50 values are in the range of 10.38 ± 0.08-25.48 ± 0.08 μM and 11.39 ± 0.12-20.00 ± 0.05 μM, respectively. The test compounds generally exhibited moderate to strong antioxidant capabilities, as demonstrated via robust free radical scavenging activity assays, viz., DPPH and NO. The potential of selected derivatives to inhibit superoxide dismutase (SOD) was also investigated via enzymatic assay in vitro. Molecular docking revealed the N-O moiety as essential to facilitate electrostatic interactions of the test compounds with the protein residues in the active site of α-glucosidase and α-amylase. The presence of bromine and/or iodine atoms resulted in increased hydrophobic (alkyl and/or π-alkyl) interactions and therefore increased inhibitory effect against both enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nontokozo M. Magwaza
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Private Bag X06, Florida 1710, South Africa;
| | - Garland K. More
- College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences Laboratories, University of South Africa, Private Bag X06, Florida 1710, South Africa;
| | - Samantha Gildenhuys
- Department of Life & Consumer Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Private Bag X06, Florida 1710, South Africa;
| | - Malose J. Mphahlele
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Private Bag X06, Florida 1710, South Africa;
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29
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Kuehner C, Hill AG, Harris CF, Owens CA, Bacsa J, Soper JD. Catalytic C-H Trifluoromethylation of Arenes and Heteroarenes via Visible Light Photoexcitation of a Co(III)-CF 3 Complex. ACS Catal 2023; 13:13607-13617. [PMID: 37881792 PMCID: PMC10594583 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.3c03832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
A cobalt photocatalyst for direct trifluoromethylation of (hetero)arene C(sp2)-H bonds is described and shown to operate via visible light activation of a Co-CF3 intermediate, which functions as a combined chromophore and organometallic reaction center. Chemical oxidations of previously reported (OCO)Co complexes containing a redox-active [OCO] pincer ligand afford a Co-CF3 complex two oxidation states above Co(II). Computational and spectroscopic studies are consistent with formulation of the product as [(OCO•)CoIII(CF3)(THF)(OTf)] (II) containing an open-shell [OCO•]1- radical ligand bound to a S = 0 Co(III) center. II is thermodynamically stable, but exposure to blue (440 nm) light induces Co-CF3 bond homolysis and release of •CF3, which is trapped by radical acceptors including TEMPO•, (hetero)arenes, or the radical [OCO•] ligand in II. The latter comprises a competitive degradation pathway, which is overcome under catalytic conditions by using excess substrate. Accordingly, generation of II from the reaction of [(OCO)CoIIL] (III) (L = THF, MeCN) with Umemoto's dibenzothiophenium trifluoromethylating reagent (1) followed by photolytic Co-CF3 bond activation completes a photoredox catalytic cycle for C-H (hetero)arene trifluoromethylation utilizing visible light. Electronic structure and photophysical studies, including time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) calculations, suggest that Co-CF3 bond homolysis at II occurs via an ligand-to-metal charge-transfer (LMCT) (OCO0)CoII(CF3) state, revealing ligand redox activity as a critical design feature and establishing design principles for the use of base metal chromophores for selectivity in photoredox bond activations occurring via free radical intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher
S. Kuehner
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute
of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - Andrew G. Hill
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute
of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - Caleb F. Harris
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute
of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - Christian A. Owens
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute
of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - John Bacsa
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute
of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
- X-ray
Crystallography Center, Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Jake D. Soper
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute
of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
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30
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Gao W, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Huang Y, Wang C, Liang Q, Yu Z, Fan R, Tang L, Fan Z. CoMFA Directed Molecular Design for Significantly Improving Fungicidal Activity of Novel [1,2,4]-Triazolo-[3,4- b][1,3,4]-thiadizoles. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:14125-14136. [PMID: 37750514 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c02444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Target based molecular design via the aid of computation is one of the most efficient methods in the discovery of novel pesticides. Here, a combination of the comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) and molecular docking was applied for discovery of potent fungicidal [1,2,4]-triazolo-[3,4-b][1,3,4]-thiadiazoles. Bioassay results indicated that the synthesized target compounds 3a, 3b, and 3c exhibited good activity against Alternaria solani, Botrytis cinerea, Cercospora arachidicola, Fusarium graminearum, Physalospora piricola, Rhizoctonia solani, and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum with an EC50 value falling between 0.64 and 16.10 μg/mL. Specially, 3c displayed excellent fungicidal activity against C. arachidicola and R. solani, which was 5 times more potent than the lead YZK-C22. The enzymatic inhibition assay and fluorescence quenching analysis with R. solani pyruvate kinase (RsPK) showed a weaker binding affinity between RsPK and 3a, 3b, or 3c. Transcriptomic analyses showed that 3c exerted its fungicidal activity by disrupting steroid biosynthesis and ribosome biogenesis in eukaryotes. These findings support that 3c is a promising fungicide candidate, and a fine modification from a lead may lead to a totally different mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, No. 94, Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Jin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, No. 94, Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Yue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, No. 94, Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Yuting Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, No. 94, Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Conglin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, No. 94, Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Qiming Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, No. 94, Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Zecong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, No. 94, Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Ruihang Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, No. 94, Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Liangfu Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, No. 94, Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Zhijin Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, No. 94, Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
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Zhang A, Yang J, Tao K, Hou T, Jin H. Novel aromatic carboxamide potentially targeting fungal succinate dehydrogenase: Design, synthesis, biological activities and molecular dynamics simulation studies. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:3700-3711. [PMID: 37184297 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (SDHIs) emerging in fungicide markets are widely used in crop protection. Currently, the structural modification focusing on a structurally diverse 'core' moiety (aryl) of SDHIs is being gradually identified as one of the innovative strategies for developing novel, highly effective and low resistant fungicides. RESULTS By optimization of lead compound SCU2028, 30 novel aromatic carboxamides Ia-o and IIa-o without a pyrazol group were designed, synthesized and characterized by 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR and high resolution mass spectrum (HRMS). In vitro antifungal activities showed that most of the compounds Ia-o and IIa-o exhibited good antifungal activities against Rhizoctonia solani. Among them, compounds Ic and IIc (EC50 = 0.02 mg/L), with the 2-chloro-3-pyridyl moiety, and compounds Io (EC50 = 0.03 mg/L) and IIo (EC50 = 0.02 mg/L), with the 4-methyl-2-trifluoromethylthiazolyl moiety, all exhibited the equivalent antifungal activities against R. solani with compound SCU2028 (EC50 = 0.03 mg/L) and bixafen (EC50 = 0.04 mg/L). Additionally, in pot tests, compound IIc (EC50 = 3.63 mg/L) also had higher antifungal activity against R. solani than compound SCU2028 (EC50 = 7.63 mg/L). Furthermore, in vitro inhibitory activity against fungal SDH showed the inhibitory ability of compound IIc was equivalent with that of compound SCU2028, and molecular dynamics simulation of the SDH-compound IIc complex suggested that compound IIc could strongly bind to and interact with the binding site of SDH. CONCLUSION Novel aromatic carboxamides without a pyrazol group have potential as a class of SDHIs, and the strategy of replacing the pyrazol group with another aryl in the 'core' moiety might offer an alternative option in discovery of SDHI fungicides. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aigui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Yang
- Institute of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Tao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Taiping Hou
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Jin
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
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32
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Zhao P, Wang W, Gulder T. Hypervalent Fluoro-iodane-Triggered Semipinacol Rearrangements: Synthesis of α-Fluoro Ketones. Org Lett 2023; 25:6560-6565. [PMID: 37615672 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Hypervalent fluoro-λ3-iodanes have emerged as versatile reagents that provide unusual fluorination selectivities under mild reaction conditions. Here, we report on adding a semipinacol rearrangement, fluorination, and aryl migration cascade reaction of styrene derivatives. Thus, various cyclopentanones became accessible in up to 96% yield, all bearing tertiary C,F-carbon centers adjacent to the ketone group. Such fluorinated structural motifs are difficult to build with previously established methods. Preliminary experiments on enantioselective processes validated that asymmetric transformations are likewise feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyuan Zhao
- Biomimetic Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 29, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wanying Wang
- Biomimetic Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Tanja Gulder
- Biomimetic Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 29, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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33
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Béke F, Csenki JT, Novák Z. Fluoroalkylations and Fluoroalkenylations with Iodonium Salts. CHEM REC 2023; 23:e202300083. [PMID: 37129578 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis and applications of fluoroalkyl and fluoroalkenyliodonium salts are summarized in this account article, focusing preferably to the reagents designed in our laboratory in the last decade. Among these reagents trifluoroethyl(aryl)iodonium salts have been used most frequently to build carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bonds in simple nucleophilic substitutions and through transition metal catalyzed coupling reactions. Iodonium salts equipped with unsaturated fluorinated function showed diverse reactivity due to their electron deficient character, and these molecular motifs enable cycloadditions and nucleophilic additions to prepare fluorinated carbo- and heterocyclic molecules. Beyond the overview of existing transformations, with the presented collection, we aim to inspire future developments of iodonium reagents and their application in organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferenc Béke
- Catalysis and Organic Synthesis Research Group, Institute of Chemistry., Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter stny. 1/a, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - János T Csenki
- Catalysis and Organic Synthesis Research Group, Institute of Chemistry., Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter stny. 1/a, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Novák
- Catalysis and Organic Synthesis Research Group, Institute of Chemistry., Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter stny. 1/a, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
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Bonnefoy C, Panossian A, Hanquet G, Leroux FR, Toulgoat F, Billard T. Comprehensive Study and Development of a Metal-Free and Mild Nucleophilic Trifluoromethoxylation. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301513. [PMID: 37278564 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Among the general interest in fluorinated compounds, trifluoromethoxylated molecules play a specific role. However, despite this interest, the development of efficient reagents to perform trifluoromethoxylation reactions remains a challenge. Here, 2,4-dinitro-trifluoromethoxybenzene (DNTFB) is used as a trifluoromethoxylating reagent to perform nucleophilic substitution under mild metal-free conditions with different leaving groups, including direct dehydroxytrifluoromethoxylation. A mechanistic study rationalized the reaction and subsequently proposed only three reaction conditions, depending on the reactivity of the starting substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémence Bonnefoy
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry (ICBMS - UMR CNRS 5246), Univ Lyon, CNRS, Université Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, 1 rue Victor Grignard, 69622, Lyon, France
| | - Armen Panossian
- Université de Strasbourg, Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, UMR 7042-LIMA, ECPM, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Gilles Hanquet
- Université de Strasbourg, Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, UMR 7042-LIMA, ECPM, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Frédéric R Leroux
- Université de Strasbourg, Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, UMR 7042-LIMA, ECPM, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Fabien Toulgoat
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry (ICBMS - UMR CNRS 5246), Univ Lyon, CNRS, Université Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, 1 rue Victor Grignard, 69622, Lyon, France
- CPE Lyon, Campus LyonTech-La Doua, 43 Bd du 11 novembre 1918, 69616, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Thierry Billard
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry (ICBMS - UMR CNRS 5246), Univ Lyon, CNRS, Université Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, 1 rue Victor Grignard, 69622, Lyon, France
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Volchkov I, Powell BV, Zatolochnaya OV, Leung JC, Pennino S, Wu L, Gonnella NC, Bhaskararao B, Kozlowski MC, Reeves JT. Practical Synthesis of Terminal Vinyl Fluorides. J Org Chem 2023; 88:10881-10904. [PMID: 37441763 PMCID: PMC10530197 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of di- and trisubstituted vinyl fluorides with high isomeric purity remains a challenge for organic synthesis. While many methods exist to access these compounds, the separation of the desired isomer from the minor isomer and/or starting materials often is difficult. Herein, we report a practical method to access di- and trisubstituted vinyl fluorides via a selective Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons olefination/hydrolysis, which provides crystalline 2-fluoroacrylic acids in high (>98%) E-isomeric purity. A subsequent silver-catalyzed stereoretentive decarboxylation provides the title substances with high isomeric purity and without the need for tedious chromatography to remove the minor isomer. The process was amenable to a variety of aldehydes and ketones and provided a diverse array of di- and trisubstituted vinyl fluorides. The sequence was applied to the synthesis of antibacterial and anti-inflammatory compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Volchkov
- Departments of Chemical Development and Material and Analytical Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, United States
| | - Brent V. Powell
- Departments of Chemical Development and Material and Analytical Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, United States
| | - Olga V. Zatolochnaya
- Departments of Chemical Development and Material and Analytical Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, United States
| | - Joyce C. Leung
- Departments of Chemical Development and Material and Analytical Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, United States
| | - Scott Pennino
- Departments of Chemical Development and Material and Analytical Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, United States
| | - Lifen Wu
- Departments of Chemical Development and Material and Analytical Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, United States
| | - Nina C. Gonnella
- Departments of Chemical Development and Material and Analytical Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, United States
| | - Bangaru Bhaskararao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Marisa C. Kozlowski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Jonathan T. Reeves
- Departments of Chemical Development and Material and Analytical Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, United States
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Jiang Y, Lewis JC. Asymmetric catalysis by flavin-dependent halogenases. Chirality 2023; 35:452-460. [PMID: 36916449 PMCID: PMC11301518 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
In nature, flavin-dependent halogenases (FDHs) catalyze site-selective chlorination and bromination of aromatic natural products. This ability has led to extensive efforts to engineer FDHs for selective chlorination, bromination, and iodination of electron rich aromatic compounds. On the other hand, FDHs are unique among halogenases and haloperoxidases that exhibit catalyst-controlled site selectivity in that no examples of enantioselective FDH catalysis in natural product biosynthesis have been characterized. Over the past several years, our group has established that FDHs can catalyze enantioselective reactions involving desymmetrization, atroposelective halogenation, and halocyclization. Achieving high activity and selectivity for these reactions has required extensive mutagenesis and mitigation of problems resulting from hypohalous acid generated during FDH catalysis. The single-component flavin reductase/FDH AetF is unique among the wild type enzyme we have studied in that it provides high activity and selectivity toward several asymmetric transformations. These results highlight the ability of FDH active sites to tolerate different substrate topologies and suggest that they could be useful for a broad range of oxidative halogenations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhua Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Jared C Lewis
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
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37
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Shi L, Zhang P, Xu J, Wu X, Pan X, He L, Dong F, Zheng Y. Systematic assessment of cyflumetofen toxicity in soil-earthworm (Eisenia fetida) microcosms. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 452:131300. [PMID: 37002996 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Cyflumetofen was widely applied in agriculture with its excellent acaricidal effect. However, the impact of cyflumetofen on the soil non-target organism earthworm (Eisenia fetida) is unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the bioaccumulation of cyflumetofen in soil-earthworm systems and the ecotoxicity of earthworms. The highest concentration of cyflumetofen enriched by earthworms was found on the 7th day. Long-term exposure of earthworms to the cyflumetofen (10 mg/kg) could suppress protein content and increases Malondialdehyde content leading to severe peroxidation. Transcriptome sequencing analysis demonstrated that catalase and superoxide-dismutase activities were significantly activated while genes involved in related signaling pathways were significantly upregulated. In terms of detoxification metabolic pathways, high concentrations of cyflumetofen stimulated the number of Differentially-Expressed-Genes involved in the detoxification pathway of the metabolism of glutathione. Identification of three detoxification genes (LOC100376457, LOC114329378, and JGIBGZA-33J12) had synergistic detoxification. Additionally, cyflumetofen promoted disease-related signaling pathways leading to higher disease risk, affecting the transmembrane capacity and cell membrane composition, ultimately causing cytotoxicity. Superoxide-Dismutase in oxidative stress enzyme activity contributed more to detoxification. Carboxylesterase and glutathione-S-transferase activation play a major detoxification role in high-concentration treatment. Altogether, these results contribute to a better understanding of toxicity and defense mechanisms involved in long-term cyflumetofen exposure in earthworms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Xiaohu Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Xinglu Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Lin He
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Fengshou Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Yongquan Zheng
- College of Plant Health and Medicine of Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, PR China.
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38
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Qin Y, Qi L, Zhen X, Wang X, Chai H, Ma X, Jiang X, Cai X, Zhu W. Different Performances of BF 3, BCl 3, and BBr 3 in Hypervalent Iodine-Catalyzed Halogenations. J Org Chem 2023; 88:4359-4371. [PMID: 36939669 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
Herein, hypervalent iodine-catalyzed halogenation of aryl-activated alkenes using BX3 (X = Cl, Br) as the halogen source and activating reagents was reported. Various halogenated 1,3-oxazine/2-oxazoline derivatives were obtained in good-to-high yields. Using BF3 resulted in different substitute sites from BBr3 and BCl3 of the products, indicating different reactive intermediates and reaction pathways. The reaction underwent a "ligand coupling/oxidative addition/intermolecular nucleophilic attack/1,2-aryl migration/reductive elimination/intramolecular nucleophilic attack" cascade when BF3 was applied as the halogen source, while 1,2-aryl migration has "disappeared" when the halogen source was BBr3 or BCl3. Possible catalytic cycles were proposed, and DFT calculations were conducted to demonstrate the differences among BX3 (X = F, Cl, Br) in the hypervalent iodine-catalyzed halogenations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Qin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Liang Qi
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Xiang Zhen
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xueqing Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Hongli Chai
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xingyu Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xianxing Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaoqing Cai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Weiwei Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Luo L, Ou Y, Zhang Q, Gan X. Discovery of 1,2,4-Oxadiazole Derivatives Containing Haloalkyl as Potential Acetylcholine Receptor Nematicides. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:5773. [PMID: 36982843 PMCID: PMC10058719 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant-parasitic nematodes pose a serious threat to crops and cause substantial financial losses due to control difficulties. Tioxazafen (3-phenyl-5-thiophen-2-yl-1,2,4-oxadiazole) is a novel broad-spectrum nematicide developed by the Monsanto Company, which shows good prevention effects on many kinds of nematodes. To discover compounds with high nematocidal activities, 48 derivatives of 1,2,4-oxadiazole were obtained by introducing haloalkyl at the 5-position of tioxazafen, and their nematocidal activities were systematically evaluated. The bioassays revealed that most of 1,2,4-oxadiazole derivatives showed remarkable nematocidal activities against Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, Aphelenchoides besseyi, and Ditylenchus dipsaci. Notably, compound A1 showed excellent nematocidal activity against B. xylophilus with LC50 values of 2.4 μg/mL, which was superior to that of avermectin (335.5 μg/mL), tioxazafen (>300 μg/mL), and fosthiazate (436.9 μg/mL). The transcriptome and enzyme activity results indicate that the nematocidal activity of compound A1 was mainly related to the compound which affected the acetylcholine receptor of B. xylophilus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Xiuhai Gan
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
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40
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Barcelos FF, Alves TA, Gazolla PAR, Teixeira RR, Queiroz VTDE, Praça-Fontes MM, Morais PAB, Fonseca VR, Romão W, Lacerda Júnior V, Scherer R, Costa AV. Synthesis of novel glycerol-fluorinated triazole derivatives and evaluation of their phytotoxic and cytogenotoxic activities. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2023; 95:e20211102. [PMID: 36946806 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202320211102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The control of weeds in agriculture is mainly conducted with the use of synthetic herbicides. However, environmental and human health concerns and increased resistance of weeds to existing herbicides have increased the pressure on researchers to find new active ingredients for weed control which present low toxicity to non-target organisms, are environmentally safe, and can be applied at low concentrations. It is herein described the synthesis of glycerol-fluorinated triazole derivatives and evaluation of their phytotoxic and cytogenotoxic activities. Starting from glycerol, ten fluorinated triazole derivatives were prepared in four steps. The assessment of them on Lactuca sativa revealed that they present effects on phytotoxic and cytogenotoxic parameters with different degrees of efficiency. The compounds 4a, 4b, 4d, 4e, 4i, and 4j have pre-emergent inhibition behavior, while all the investigated compounds showed post emergent effect. Mechanism of action as clastogenic, aneugenic, and epigenetic were observed in the lettuce root meristematic cells, with alterations as stick chromosome, bridge, delay, c-metaphase, and loss. It is believed that glycerol-fluorinated triazole derivatives possess a scaffold that can be explored towards the development of new chemicals for the control of weed species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando F Barcelos
- Universidade Vila Velha, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia Vegetal, Rua José Dantas de Melo, 21, Boa Vista, 29102-770 Vila Velha, ES, Brazil
| | - Thammyres A Alves
- Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Departamento de Biologia, Alto Universitário, s/n, Guararema, 29500-000 Alegre, ES, Brazil
| | - Poliana A R Gazolla
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Departamento de Química, Av. P.H. Rolfs, s/n, 36570-900 Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Róbson Ricardo Teixeira
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Departamento de Química, Av. P.H. Rolfs, s/n, 36570-900 Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Vagner T DE Queiroz
- Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Departamento de Química e Física, Alto Universitário, s/n, Guararema, 29500-000 Alegre, ES, Brazil
| | - Milene M Praça-Fontes
- Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Departamento de Biologia, Alto Universitário, s/n, Guararema, 29500-000 Alegre, ES, Brazil
| | - Pedro A B Morais
- Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Departamento de Química e Física, Alto Universitário, s/n, Guararema, 29500-000 Alegre, ES, Brazil
| | - Victor R Fonseca
- Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Laboratório de Petroleômica e Forense, Departamento de Química, Av. Fernando Ferrari, 514, 29075-910 Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Wanderson Romão
- Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Laboratório de Petroleômica e Forense, Departamento de Química, Av. Fernando Ferrari, 514, 29075-910 Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Valdemar Lacerda Júnior
- Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Laboratório de Petroleômica e Forense, Departamento de Química, Av. Fernando Ferrari, 514, 29075-910 Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Scherer
- Universidade Vila Velha, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Rua José Dantas de Melo, 21, Boa Vista, 29102-770 Vila Velha, ES, Brazil
| | - Adilson V Costa
- Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Departamento de Química e Física, Alto Universitário, s/n, Guararema, 29500-000 Alegre, ES, Brazil
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Pan X, Talavera M, Braun T. Efficient hydrostannation of fluorinated alkenes. J Fluor Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2023.110116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
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Gao H, Hu L, Hu Y, Lv X, Wu YB, Lu G. Weak Electrostatic Interactions with Bisphosphine Ligands Facilitate Reductive Elimination of PhCF 3 from Pd(II) Complexes. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202201219. [PMID: 36583310 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202201219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The origins of ligand effects on PhCF3 reductive elimination from PdII complexes were computationally investigated by using energy decomposition analysis. The results indicate weak electrostatic interactions between ligands and Ph-Pd-CF3 lead to small barriers of PhCF3 reductive elimination. Two major factors affecting the electrostatic interactions are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Lingfei Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Yanlei Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Xiangying Lv
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Yan-Bo Wu
- Key Lab for Materials of Energy Conversion and Storage of Shanxi Province and, Key Lab of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, China
| | - Gang Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
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Mesquita AF, Gonçalves FJM, Gonçalves AMM. The Lethal and Sub-Lethal Effects of Fluorinated and Copper-Based Pesticides-A Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3706. [PMID: 36834400 PMCID: PMC9963512 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, pollution levels have increased, mainly as a result of the intensive anthropogenic activities such industrial development, intensive agricultural practices, among others. The impact of metals and organic contaminants is, nowadays, a great concern to the scientific and political communities. Copper compounds are the main sold pesticides in Europe, as well as herbicides, including glyphosate. Diphenyl ethers are the second ones most sold. Glyphosate and copper compounds are intensively studied, but the opposite is seen in the case of diphenyl ethers, including fluorinated pesticides (e.g., oxyfluorfen). Some research has been performed to increase the knowledge about these contaminants, daily inputted on the aquatic systems and with dangerous effects at physical and biochemical levels on the organisms. A wide range of biomarkers (e.g., growth, survival, reproductive success, enzymatic activity, lipid metabolism) has been applied to determine the potential effects in many species. This review intends to: (a) perform a compilation of the knowledge in previous research about the action mode of organic (fluorinated-based herbicide) and inorganic (copper-based pesticides) contaminants; (b) carry out an information survey about the lethal and sub-lethal effects of the fluorinated-based pesticides, namely the oxyfluorfen and the copper-based pesticides, on aquatic species from different trophic levels, according to in vitro and in vivo studies; (c) understand the impact of oxyfluorfen and copper-based pesticides, considering their effects reported in in vitro studies and, simultaneously, the authorized concentrations by legal organizations and the effective concentrations of each pollutant found in the environment. The literature analyzed revealed noxious effects of Cu and oxyfluorfen to aquatic organisms, including freshwater and marine species, even when exposed to the reference as well as to environmental concentrations, thus highlighting the importance of more monitoring and ecotoxicological studies, to chemical pollutants and different species from different ecological niches, to sustain and improve the legislation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia F. Mesquita
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | | | - Ana M. M. Gonçalves
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- University of Coimbra, MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET—Aquatic Research Network, Department of Life Sciences, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
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Zhou A, Li XX, Sun D, Cao X, Wu Z, Chen H, Zhao Y, Nam W, Wang Y. Theoretical investigation on the elusive structure-activity relationship of bioinspired high-valence nickel-halogen complexes in oxidative fluorination reactions. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:1977-1988. [PMID: 36691931 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt03212k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Very recently, bioinspired high-valence metal-halogen complexes have been proven to be competent oxidants in the C-H bond activation and heteroatom dihalogenation reactions. However, the structure-activity relationship of such active species and the reaction mechanisms of oxidations mediated by these oxidants are still elusive. In this study, density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed to systematically study the oxidizing ability of the high-valence NiIII-X (X = F and Cl) complexes Et4N[NiIII(Cl/F)(L)], (1Cl/F, Et = ethyl, L = N,N'-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-2,6-pyridinedicarboxamide), such as the reaction mechanism of fluorination of 1,4-cyclohexadiene (CHD) by 1F in the presence of AgF and the reaction mechanism of difluorination of triphenyl phosphine (PPh3) by 1F. All calculated results fit well with the experiments and present new mechanistic findings. The C-H bond activation by the high-valence nickel(III)-halogen complexes was found to proceed via a hydrogen-atom transfer (HAT) mechanism by analysis of the molecular orbitals of the transition states. C-H bond activation by 1F takes a Ni-F-H angle of ca. 180°, whereas that by 1Cl takes an angle of ca. 120° on the transition states. These results indicate that the exchange-enhanced reactivity is responsible for the dramatic oxidative difference between these two oxidants. The role of AgF in C-H fluorination of CHD by 1F is proposed to act as a Lewis acid adduct, AgF-binding Ni(III)-fluorine complex 1F-Ag-F, which acts both as an oxidant in C-H bond activation and as a fluorine donor in the fluorination step. A cooperative oxidation mechanism involving two 1F oxidants was proposed for the difluorination of PPh3 by 1F. These theoretical findings will enrich the knowledge of high-valence metal-halogen chemistry and play a positive role in the rational design of new catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anran Zhou
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China. .,Qian Xuesen Collaborative Research Center of Astrochemistry and Space Life Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Xiao-Xi Li
- Institute of Molecular Science and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Dongru Sun
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China. .,Qian Xuesen Collaborative Research Center of Astrochemistry and Space Life Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Xuanyu Cao
- Qian Xuesen Collaborative Research Center of Astrochemistry and Space Life Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Zhimin Wu
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China. .,Qian Xuesen Collaborative Research Center of Astrochemistry and Space Life Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Huanhuan Chen
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China. .,Qian Xuesen Collaborative Research Center of Astrochemistry and Space Life Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Yufen Zhao
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China. .,Qian Xuesen Collaborative Research Center of Astrochemistry and Space Life Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Wonwoo Nam
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea.
| | - Yong Wang
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China. .,Qian Xuesen Collaborative Research Center of Astrochemistry and Space Life Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
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Alves Bezerra Morais P, Britto KB, Messias E, de Andrade P, Werner E, Costa AV, Lacerda V, Pinheiro CJG, de Paula H, Borges WDS. Synthesis and Phytotoxic Evaluation of Isatin Derivatives Supported by 3D-QSAR Study. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:255-266. [PMID: 36583683 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c06500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Concerned about weed infestation, a major threat to food production and herbicide resistance that interferes in the mechanism of action of the main herbicides, we have synthesized eight isatin derivatives using the "Click Chemistry" approach through copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloadditions (CuAAC). Sixteen isatin derivatives were evaluated for their phytotoxic activity against the seed culture of the model plants, Lactuca sativa and Allium cepa. Six of them showed phytotoxic activity similar to the positive control, trifluralin. Hypocotyl length measurement analysis in L. sativa revealed that triazole derivative 8 is more active than trifluralin. For A. cepa, root length measurement analyses revealed that 3, 10, 14, 16, and 17 were similar to the positive control trifluralin. Three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) model construction using the acetolactate synthase (ALS) crystallographic structure displayed pki values of predicted inhibitory activity and contour maps revealing sterically bulky groups for 11, the CF3 group in ortho, and for 17, Br in ortho, favoring the inhibitory ALS activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Alves Bezerra Morais
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agroquímica, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 29500000Alegre, ES, Brazil
| | - Karolinni B Britto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 29075910Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Evandro Messias
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agroquímica, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 29500000Alegre, ES, Brazil
| | - Peterson de Andrade
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, ManchesterM1 7DN, U.K
| | - Elias Werner
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 29075-910Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Adilson Vidal Costa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agroquímica, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 29500000Alegre, ES, Brazil
| | - Valdemar Lacerda
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 29075910Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | | | - Heberth de Paula
- Centro de Ciências Exatas, Naturais e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 29500000Alegre, ES, Brazil
| | - Warley de Souza Borges
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 29075910Vitória, ES, Brazil
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Sindhe H, Saiyed N, Kamble A, Mounika Reddy M, Singh A, Sharma S. Catalytic and Chemodivergent Synthesis of 1-Substituted 9 H-Pyrrolo[1,2- a]indoles via Annulation of β-CF 3 Enones with 3-Substituted Indoles. J Org Chem 2023; 88:230-244. [PMID: 36503232 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chemodivergent reactions are more advantageous in organic synthesis that yield diversely functionalized scaffolds from common starting materials. Herein, we report an efficient metal-free chemodivergent protocol for the synthesis of 1-substituted 9H-pyrrolo[1,2-a]indole derivatives in the presence of catalytic amounts of Lewis acid/Brønsted acid conditions using 3-substituted indoles and β-trifluoromethyl-α,β-unsaturated ketones. Fine-tuning of the catalyst and solvent system in the reaction conditions deliver the trifluoromethyl, trifluoroethylcarboxylate, or carboxylic acid substituents on the C1-position of 9H-pyrrolo[1,2-a]indole derivatives in situ. It is postulated that the solvent and LA/BA catalyst interaction was found to be crucial for the catalytic C-F activation in these transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haritha Sindhe
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Nehanaz Saiyed
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Akshay Kamble
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Malladi Mounika Reddy
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Amardeep Singh
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Satyasheel Sharma
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
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Lowe PT, O'Hagan D. 4'-Fluoro-nucleosides and nucleotides: from nucleocidin to an emerging class of therapeutics. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:248-276. [PMID: 36472161 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00762b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The history and development of 4'-fluoro-nucleosides is discussed in this review. This is a class of nucleosides which have their origin in the discovery of the rare fluorine containing natural product nucleocidin. Nucleocidin contains a fluorine atom located at the 4'-position of its ribose ring. From its early isolation as an unexpected natural product, to its total synthesis and bioactivity assessment, nucleocidin has played a role in inspiring the exploration of 4'-fluoro-nucleosides as a privileged motif for nucleoside-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip T Lowe
- School of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences Research Centre, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9ST, UK.
| | - David O'Hagan
- School of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences Research Centre, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9ST, UK.
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Novel fluorinated pyrazole-based heterocycles scaffold: cytotoxicity, in silico studies and molecular modelling targeting double mutant EGFR L858R/T790M as antiproliferative and apoptotic agents. Med Chem Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-022-03004-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), also known as hepatoma, is the most prevalent type of primary liver cancer. It begins in the hepatocytes, the liver’s major cell type. Cancer that began in another region of the body but has spread to the liver is known as secondary cancer of life; several still unmet demands for better, less toxic therapy to treat this malignant tumor. Several novel pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine derivatives were synthesized as part of our goal to develop promising anticancer drugs. All the synthesized hybrids have been screened for their cytotoxicity effect against three cancer cell lines which are; HepG-2, HCT-116, and MCF-7. The liver cancer cells were found to be the most sensitive to the effect of the new molecules. A subsequent set of in vitro biological evaluation studies has been conducted on the most promising derivatives to identify their effect on such a cancer type. In HepG-2 cells, four derivatives (8a, 8b, 10c, and 11b) demonstrated good anticancer activity. The most efficacious compounds were 8b and 10c, which had IC50 values of 2.36 ± 0.14 and 1.14 ± 0.063 μM, respectively, higher than the reference medication Imatinib. The latter’s putative molecular effect has been investigated further by looking at its influence on the cell cycle, EGFR, and specific apoptotic and anti-apoptotic markers in HepG-2 cells. These findings indicated that 8b and 10c could trigger apoptosis by upregulating BAX and caspase-3 and cell cycle at the Pre-G1 and G2-M stages. The compounds 8b and 10c showed high potency for EGFR with IC50 equal to 0.098 and 0.079 μM, respectively. Compound 10c had the most effective inhibitory activity for EGFR L858R-TK with IC50 (36.79 nM). Additionally, in silico ADMET and docking studies were done for the most active hits, representing good results.
Graphical Abstract
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Magnoli K, Carranza CS, Aluffi ME, Benito N, Magnoli CE, Barberis CL. Survey of organochlorine-tolerant culturable mycota from contaminated soils, and 2,4-D removal ability of Penicillium species in synthetic wastewater. Fungal Biol 2023; 127:891-899. [PMID: 36746561 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2022.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Agrochemical wastewater, which is produced by the extensive use of herbicides, has become a serious environmental pollutant. In this study, culturable mycota were isolated from soils contaminated with herbicides 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetic acid (MCPA), and their ability to tolerate and remove 2,4-D was assessed. The mycota were isolated on solid medium supplemented with 10 mmol L-1 of MCPA or 2,4-D. Tolerance and removal assays were performed in synthetic wastewater, and removal was quantified by HPLC-UV and MS/MS. Fusarium spp., Aspergillus spp., and Penicillium spp. were the most frequently isolated genera. Six Penicillium strains were able to tolerate up to 25 mmol L-1 of 2,4-D. Within this group, two P. crustosum strains (RCP4 and RCP13) degraded more than 50% of the 2,4-D in the medium during the first 7 days of incubation. Removal percentages reached 54% for RCP4 and 75% for RCP13 after 14 days. These two strains, therefore, could potentially be considered for the design of bioaugmentation strategies aimed at reducing contamination by 2,4-D in wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Magnoli
- Instituto de Investigación en Micología y Micotoxicología (IMICO-CONICET), Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional Nº 36 Km 601, 5800, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina; Fellowship of CONICET, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Soledad Carranza
- Instituto de Investigación en Micología y Micotoxicología (IMICO-CONICET), Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional Nº 36 Km 601, 5800, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Melisa Eglé Aluffi
- Instituto de Investigación en Micología y Micotoxicología (IMICO-CONICET), Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional Nº 36 Km 601, 5800, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina; Fellowship of CONICET, Argentina
| | - Nicolás Benito
- Instituto de Investigación en Micología y Micotoxicología (IMICO-CONICET), Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional Nº 36 Km 601, 5800, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina; Fellowship of CONICET, Argentina
| | - Carina Elizabeth Magnoli
- Instituto de Investigación en Micología y Micotoxicología (IMICO-CONICET), Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional Nº 36 Km 601, 5800, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina; Member of the Research Career of CONICET, Argentina
| | - Carla Lorena Barberis
- Instituto de Investigación en Micología y Micotoxicología (IMICO-CONICET), Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional Nº 36 Km 601, 5800, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina; Member of the Research Career of CONICET, Argentina.
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Dai A, Zheng Z, Huang Y, Yu L, Wang Z, Jian Wu. Hydrazone modification of non-food natural product sclareolide as potential agents for plant disease. Heliyon 2022; 8:e12391. [PMID: 36636204 PMCID: PMC9830171 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant diseases and their drug resistance pose a serious threat to agricultural production. One way to solve this problem is to discover new and efficient botanical pesticides. Herein, a series of novel hydrazide-hydrazone-containing sesquiterpenoid derivatives were synthesized by simply modifying the structure of the non-food natural product sclareolide. The biological activity results illustrated that compared to ningnanmycin (39.2 μg/mL), compound Z28 had the highest antiviral activity against tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), and the concentration for 50% of maximal effect (EC50) of its inactivation activity was 38.7 μg/mL, followed by compound Z14 (40.6 μg/mL). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) demonstrated that TMVs treated with compounds Z14 and Z28 were broken into rods of different lengths, and their external morphology was fragmented or even severely fragmented. Autodocking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations indicated that compound Z28 had a strong affinity for tobacco mosaic virus coat protein (TMV-CP), with a higher binding energy of -8.25 kcal/mol compared to ningnanmycin (-6.79 kcal/mol). The preliminary mechanism revealed that compound Z28 can achieve an antiviral effect by targeting TMV-CP, rendering TMV unable to self-assemble and replicate, and might be a candidate for a novel plant antiviral agent. Furthermore, the curative and protective activities of compound Z22 (EC50 = 16.1 μg/mL) against rice bacterial blight were 51.3% and 50.8%, respectively. Its control effect was better than that of bismerthiazol (BT) and thiadiazole copper (TC), compound Z22 that can be optimized as an active molecule.
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