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Katsoula A, Vasileiadis S, Sapountzi M, Karpouzas DG. The response of soil and phyllosphere microbial communities to repeated application of the fungicide iprodione: accelerated biodegradation or toxicity? FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2020; 96:5813261. [PMID: 32221586 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiaa056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pesticides interact with microorganisms in various ways with the outcome being negative or positive for the soil microbiota. Pesticides' effects on soil microorganisms have been studied extensively in soil but not in other pesticides-exposed microbial habitats like the phyllosphere. We tested the hypothesis that soil and phyllosphere support distinct microbial communities, but exhibit a similar response (accelerated biodegradation or toxicity) to repeated exposure to the fungicide iprodione. Pepper plants received four repeated foliage or soil applications of iprodione, which accelerated its degradation in soil (DT50_1st = 1.23 and DT50_4th = 0.48 days) and on plant leaves (DT50_1st > 365 and DT50_4th = 5.95 days). The composition of the epiphytic and soil bacterial and fungal communities, determined by amplicon sequencing, was significantly altered by iprodione. The archaeal epiphytic and soil communities responded differently; the former showed no response to iprodione. Three iprodione-degrading Paenarthrobacter strains were isolated from soil and phyllosphere. They hydrolyzed iprodione to 3,5-dichloraniline via the formation of 3,5-dichlorophenyl-carboxiamide and 3,5-dichlorophenylurea-acetate, a pathway shared by other soil-derived arthrobacters implying a phylogenetic specialization in iprodione biotransformation. Our results suggest that iprodione-repeated application could affect soil and epiphytic microbial communities with implications for the homeostasis of the plant-soil system and agricultural production.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Katsoula
- Laboratory of Plant and Environmental Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Viopolis 41500, Larissa, Greece
| | - S Vasileiadis
- Laboratory of Plant and Environmental Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Viopolis 41500, Larissa, Greece
| | - M Sapountzi
- Laboratory of Plant and Environmental Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Viopolis 41500, Larissa, Greece
| | - Dimitrios G Karpouzas
- Laboratory of Plant and Environmental Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Viopolis 41500, Larissa, Greece
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Campos M, Perruchon C, Karas PA, Karavasilis D, Diez MC, Karpouzas DG. Bioaugmentation and rhizosphere-assisted biodegradation as strategies for optimization of the dissipation capacity of biobeds. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2017; 187:103-110. [PMID: 27886583 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Biobeds are on-farm biodepuration systems whose efficiency rely on their high pesticide biodegradation capacity. We evaluated two optimization strategies, bioaugmentation and/or rhizosphere-assisted biodegradation, to maximize the dissipation capacity of biobeds. Iprodione was used as a model pesticide. Its dissipation and metabolism was determined in a biobed packing material inoculated with an iprodione-degrading Arthrobacter strain C1 (bioaugmentation, treatments B+C1) and/or seeded with ryegrass (rhizosphere-assisted biodegradation, treatments B+P). The impact of those strategies on the activity and composition of the microbial community was determined. Bioaugmentation accelerated the dissipation of iprodione which was further enhanced in the bioaugmented, rhizosphere-assisted treatment (treatment B+P+C1, Half-life (DT50) = 3.4 d), compared to the non-bioaugmented, non rhizosphere-assisted control (DT50 = 9.5 d, treatment B). Bioaugmentation resulted in the earlier formation of intermediate formation of metabolites I (3,5-dichlorophenyl-carboxamide), II (3,5-dichlorophenylurea acetate) and 3,5-dichloroaniline (3,5-DCA). The latter was further dissipated by the indigenous microbial community. Acid phosphatase (AP) and β-glucosidase (GLU) were temporarily stimulated in rhizosphere-assisted treatments, whereas a stimulation of the fluorescein diacetate (FDA) hydrolytic activity in the bioaugmented treatments coincided with the hydrolysis of iprodione. q-PCR showed that changes in the abundance of alpha-proteobacteria and firmicutes was driven by the presence of rhizosphere while bioaugmentation had no significant effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Campos
- Biotechnological Research Center Applied to the Environment (CIBAMA), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - C Perruchon
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Viopolis 41500, Greece
| | - P A Karas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Viopolis 41500, Greece
| | - D Karavasilis
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Viopolis 41500, Greece
| | - M C Diez
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad de La Frontera, Chile
| | - D G Karpouzas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Viopolis 41500, Greece.
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Campos M, Karas PS, Perruchon C, Papadopoulou ES, Christou V, Menkissoglou-Spiroudi U, Diez MC, Karpouzas DG. Novel insights into the metabolic pathway of iprodione by soil bacteria. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:152-163. [PMID: 27704380 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7682-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Microbial degradation constitutes the key soil dissipation process for iprodione. We recently isolated a consortium, composed of an Arthrobacter sp. strain C1 and an Achromobacter sp. strain C2, that was able to convert iprodione to 3,5-dichloroaniline (3,5-DCA). However, the formation of metabolic intermediates and the role of the strains on iprodione metabolism remain unknown. We examined the degradation of iprodione and its suspected metabolic intermediates, 3,5-dichlorophenyl-carboxamide (metabolite I) and 3,5-dichlorophenylurea-acetate (metabolite II), by strains C1 and C2 and their combination under selective (MSM) and nutrient-rich conditions (LB). Bacterial growth during degradation of the tested compounds was determined by qPCR. Strain C1 rapidly degraded iprodione (DT50 = 2.3 h) and metabolite II (DT50 = 2.9 h) in MSM suggesting utilization of isopropylamine, transiently formed by hydrolysis of iprodione, and glycine liberated during hydrolysis of metabolite II, as C and N sources. In contrast, strain C1 degraded metabolite I only in LB and growth kinetics suggested the involvement of a detoxification process. Strain C2 was able to transform iprodione and its metabolites only in LB. Strain C1 degraded vinclozolin, a structural analog of iprodione, and partially propanil, but not procymidone and phenylureas indicating a structure-dependent specificity related to the substituents of the carboxamide moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Campos
- Centre of Environmental Biotechnology, BIOREN, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 41221, Larissa, Greece
| | - Panagiotis S Karas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 41221, Larissa, Greece
| | - C Perruchon
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 41221, Larissa, Greece
| | | | - Vasiliki Christou
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 41221, Larissa, Greece
| | - Urania Menkissoglou-Spiroudi
- Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, School of Agriculture, Pesticide Science Laboratory, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Maria Christina Diez
- Centre of Environmental Biotechnology, BIOREN, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Dimitrios G Karpouzas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 41221, Larissa, Greece.
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Liu H, Liu D, Shen Z, Sun M, Zhou Z, Wang P. Chiral Separation and Enantioselective Degradation of Vinclozolin in Soils. Chirality 2014; 26:155-9. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.22284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Revised: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- Department of Applied Chemistry; China Agricultural University; Beijing China
| | - Donghui Liu
- Department of Applied Chemistry; China Agricultural University; Beijing China
| | - Zhigang Shen
- Department of Applied Chemistry; China Agricultural University; Beijing China
| | - Mingjing Sun
- Department of Applied Chemistry; China Agricultural University; Beijing China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhou
- Department of Applied Chemistry; China Agricultural University; Beijing China
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Lauga B, Girardin N, Karama S, Le Ménach K, Budzinski H, Duran R. Removal of alachlor in anoxic soil slurries and related alteration of the active communities. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 20:1089-1105. [PMID: 22723250 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-012-0999-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2012] [Accepted: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Despite the implication of anaerobic soil communities in important functions related to C and N biogeochemical cycles, their responses to pesticides are rarely assessed. This study focused on the impact of alachlor, a chloroacetanilide herbicide, on two agricultural soils differing in their land use (fallow and corn-cultivated) in order to investigate the potential adaptation of anaerobic or facultative anaerobic soil microorganisms from fields with long history of herbicide use. The experiment was performed by developing slurries in anoxic conditions over 47 days. Changes in the community structure assessed through terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of 16S rRNA genes clearly showed a shift in the bacterial community of the cultivated soil, whereas the modification of the microbial community of the fallow soil was delayed. In addition, the analysis of alachlor degradation capacities of the two anaerobic communities indicated that 99 % of alachlor was removed in anoxic slurries of cultivated soil. Both these results suggested the preexistence of microorganisms in the cultivated soil able to respond promptly to the pesticide exposure. The composition of the anaerobic active community determined by 16S rRNA transcript analysis was mainly composed of strictly anaerobic Clostridia and the facultative anaerobe Bacilli classes. Some genera, described for their role in herbicide biodegradation were active in alachlor-treated slurries, whereas others were no longer detected. Finally, this study highlights, when triggered, the important diversity of the anaerobic community in soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Béatrice Lauga
- Equipe Environnement et Microbiologie, UMR-CNRS-IPREM 5254, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, IBEAS, BP 1155, 64013 Pau Cedex, France.
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Karanasios E, Papadi-Psyllou A, Karpouzas DG, Tsiropoulos NG. Optimization of biomixture composition and water management for maximum pesticide dissipation in peat-free biobeds. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2012; 41:1787-1795. [PMID: 23128736 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2012.0093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Biomixture composition and water management are key factors controlling biobeds performance. Although compost-biomixtures (BXs) possess high degradation efficiency, their low water-holding capacity compared with peat-biomixtures (OBX) limits their use. Thus, appropriate water management is required to optimize their performance. The dissipation capacity of selected BXs compared with OBXs was assessed in a column study under two water managements not differing in their total water load but in the intensity and frequency of water addition. Results showed that the less frequent application of large water volumes (water management scenario I) facilitated pesticide leaching (0.001-10.4% of initially applied), compared with the frequent application of low water volumes (water management scenario II) where leaching losses were always <1%. Water management affected differently the dissipation performance of substrates: OBX outperformed BXs under water management scenario I, whereas the grape marc compost-biomixture (BX1) was superior at water management scenario II. Substitution of grape marc compost (C1) with olive leaves compost (C2) or of straw with corn cobs or grape stalks reduced the dissipation capacity of BX1. Mass balance analysis revealed that the high dissipation capacity of OBX was mostly attributable to its high ability to retain rather than degrade pesticides, whereas the exact opposite was seen for BX1. Overall, our findings suggest that BXs-biobeds could treat large wastewater volumes under appropriate water management that extends the contact period between pesticides and BXs, thus exploiting their high biodegradation capacity.
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Karanasios E, Tsiropoulos NG, Karpouzas DG, Ehaliotis C. Degradation and adsorption of pesticides in compost-based biomixtures as potential substrates for biobeds in southern Europe. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:9147-9156. [PMID: 20666446 DOI: 10.1021/jf1011853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Biobeds have been used in northern Europe for minimizing point source contamination of water resources by pesticides. However, little is known regarding their use in southern Europe where edaphoclimatic conditions and agriculture practices significantly differ. A first step toward their adaptation in southern Europe is the use of low-cost and easily available substrates as biomixture components. This study investigated the possibility of replacing peat with agricultural composts in the biomixture. Five composts from local substrates including olive leaves, cotton crop residues, cotton seeds, spent mushroom substrate, and commercial sea wrack were mixed with topsoil and straw (1:1:2). Degradation of a mixture of pesticides (dimethoate, indoxacarb, buprofezin, terbuthylazine, metribuzin, metalaxyl-M, iprodione, azoxystrobin) at two dose rates was tested in the compost biomixtures (BX), in corresponding peat biomixtures (OBX), and in soil. Adsorption-desorption of selected pesticides were also studied. Pesticide residues were determined by gas chromatography with nitrogen-phosphorus detector, except indoxacarb, which was determined with a microelectron capture detector. Overall, BX degraded the studied pesticides at rates markedly higher than those observed in soil and OBX, in which the slowest degradation rates were evident. Overall, the olive leaf compost biomixture showed the highest degradation capacity. Adsorption studies showed that OBX and BX had higher adsorption affinity compared to soil. Desorption experiments revealed that pesticide adsorption in biomixtures was not entirely reversible. The results suggest that substitution of peat with local composts will lead to optimization of the biobed system for use in Mediterranean countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos Karanasios
- Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Fytokou Street, Nea Ionia-Volos 38446, Greece
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Karanasios E, Tsiropoulos NG, Karpouzas DG, Menkissoglu-Spiroudi U. Novel biomixtures based on local Mediterranean lignocellulosic materials: evaluation for use in biobed systems. CHEMOSPHERE 2010; 80:914-921. [PMID: 20594578 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2010] [Revised: 06/01/2010] [Accepted: 06/03/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The composition of biomixtures strongly affect the efficacy of biobeds. Typically, biomixture consists of peat (or compost), straw (STR) and topsoil (1:2:1 by volume). Straw guarantees a continuous supply of nutrients and high microbial activity. However, in south Europe other lignocellulosic materials including sunflower crop residues (SFR), olive leaves, grape stalks (GS), orange peels, corn cobs (CC) and spent mushroom substrate (SMS) are also readily available at no cost. Their potential utilization in biomixtures instead of STR was tested in pesticide degradation and adsorption studies. The microbial activity in these biomixtures was also assessed. The GS-biomixture was the most efficient in pesticide degradation, while CC- and SFR-biomixtures showed comparable degrading efficacy with the STR-biomixture. The SMS-biomixture was also highly efficient in degrading the pesticide mixture with degradation rates being correlated with the proportion of SMS in the biomixture. Microbial respiration was positively correlated with the degradation rates of metalaxyl, azoxystrobin and chlorpyrifos, compared to phenoloxidase which showed no correlation. Biomixtures containing alternative lignocellulosic materials showed a higher adsorption affinity for terbuthylazine and metribuzin compared to the STR-biomixture. We provide first evidence that STR can be substituted in biomixtures by other lignocellulosic materials which are readily available in south Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos Karanasios
- Department of Agriculture, Crop Production & Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, 38446 Nea Ionia - Volos, Greece
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Lin Y, He Z, Rosskopf EN, Conn KL, Powell CA, Lazarovits G. A Nylon Membrane Bag Assay for Determination of the Effect of Chemicals on Soilborne Plant Pathogens in Soil. PLANT DISEASE 2010; 94:201-206. [PMID: 30754264 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-94-2-0201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A new nylon membrane bag (NMB) assay was developed for studies to determine the effect of chemicals added to soil on survival of soilborne plant pathogens. The rapid and effective assay can be used to study organisms for which there are no selective media or for which a selective medium is expensive or difficult to prepare. This assay consists of placing pathogens inside a bag made of small-pore (0.22-μm) nylon filtration membrane, which is placed in soil and later retrieved to determine survival of the pathogens on nonselective media. Chemicals but not other microorganisms can enter the bag from the soil. Using this assay, Streptomyces scabies, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici race 3, and Ralstonia solanacearum were successfully recovered from soil after 72 h as demonstrated by growth on a semiselective Streptomyces medium (S. scabies) or nonselective potato dextrose agar medium (F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici race 3 and R. solanacearum) with minimal microbial contamination. Addition of acetic acid (200 mM) to soil killed 100% of S. scabies. SPK (a mixture of organic chemicals) at a concentration of 1,500 mg kg-1 of soil killed 83.3% of F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici race 3 culture plugs, 100% of F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici race 3 spores, and 97.2% of R. solanacearum cells. SPK at 1,000 mg kg-1 of soil killed 50% of F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici race 3 culture plugs, 68.2% of F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici race 3 spores, and 12% of R. solanacearum. Benlate (500 to 1,500 mg kg-1 of soil) did not kill the culture plugs of F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici race 3 but reduced the growth rate of F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici race 3. Benlate (500, 1,000, and 1,500 mg kg-1 of soil) reduced F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici race 3 spore germination by 39.4, 49.3, and 50.4%, respectively. Streptomycin sulfate (1,500, 800, 400, and 200 mg kg-1 of soil) caused 75.3, 21, 11.9, and 0.9% mortality, respectively, of R. solanacearum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youjian Lin
- Indian River Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Fort Pierce 34945 and Plant Protection College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Zhenli He
- Indian River Research and Education Center, University of Florida
| | - Erin N Rosskopf
- United States Horticultural Research Laboratory, Fort Pierce, FL 34945
| | - Kenneth L Conn
- Southern Crop Protection and Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, Ontario N5V 4T3, Canada
| | - Charles A Powell
- Indian River Research and Education Center, University of Florida
| | - George Lazarovits
- Southern Crop Protection and Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada
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Komárek M, Čadková E, Chrastný V, Bordas F, Bollinger JC. Contamination of vineyard soils with fungicides: a review of environmental and toxicological aspects. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2010; 36:138-151. [PMID: 19913914 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2009.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 323] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2009] [Revised: 10/06/2009] [Accepted: 10/16/2009] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The contamination of agricultural soils with inorganic (Cu-based) and organic pesticides (including their residues) presents a major environmental and toxicological concern. This review summarizes available studies published on the contamination of vineyard soils throughout the world with Cu-based and synthetic organic fungicides. It focuses on the behavior of these contaminants in vineyard soils and the associated environmental and toxicological risks. The concentrations of Cu in soils exceed the legislative limits valid in the EU in the vast majority of the studied vineyards. Regarding the environmental and toxicological hazards associated with the extensive use of fungicides, the choice of fungicides should be performed carefully according to the physico-chemical properties of the soils and climatic and hydrogeological characteristics of the vine-growing regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Komárek
- Department of Agro-Environmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 21, Prague 6, Czech Republic; Groupement de Recherche Eau, Sol, Environnement (GRESE), Université de Limoges, 123, Av. Albert Thomas, 87060, Limoges, France.
| | - Eva Čadková
- Department of Agro-Environmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 21, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Vladislav Chrastný
- Czech Geological Survey, Geologická 6, 152 00, Prague 5, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - François Bordas
- Groupement de Recherche Eau, Sol, Environnement (GRESE), Université de Limoges, 123, Av. Albert Thomas, 87060, Limoges, France
| | - Jean-Claude Bollinger
- Groupement de Recherche Eau, Sol, Environnement (GRESE), Université de Limoges, 123, Av. Albert Thomas, 87060, Limoges, France
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Triky-Dotan S, Austerweil M, Steiner B, Peretz-Alon Y, Katan J, Gamliel A. Accelerated degradation of metam-sodium in soil and consequences for root-disease management. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2009; 99:362-368. [PMID: 19271977 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-99-4-0362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We studied the development of accelerated degradation (AD) of methyl isothiocyanate (MITC) following repeated applications of its parent compound, metam-sodium (MS). Laboratory studies and four sets of field experiments were conducted during 2002-04 in three commercial fields in Israel. Repeated applications of MS to the three soils in the laboratory under controlled conditions demonstrated AD of MITC in some soils. In a peanut field, MS significantly reduced the incidence of Pythium pod rot and improved pod quality after a single application but its effectiveness was greatly reduced after two applications. In a second experiment, MS was significantly effective after a single application in controlling Verticillium wilt in potato but its efficacy diminished after three consecutive applications. In an additional experiment, fumigation with MS following single or double applications was more effective in reducing Verticillium wilt severity of potato compared with triple applications. Soils which did not develop AD of MITC were also recorded. Preplant MS fumigation of melon fields was effective at reducing sudden wilt following a single and two consecutive applications. Our study shows that development of AD of MITC might occur following repeated applications of MS in commercial fields. The data on MITC dissipation in soil following repeated MS applications under controlled conditions indicate the chemical's potential loss of activity under regular agricultural practices and the need for a management strategy to prevent such a development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shachaf Triky-Dotan
- Laboratory for Pest Management Research, Institute of Agricultural Engineering, ARO, The Volcani Center, P.O. Box 6, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
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Villedieu JC, Calmon M, Calmon JP. Mechanisms of dicarboximide ring opening in aqueous media: Procymidone, vinclozolin and chlozolinate. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ps.2780410206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Charnay MP, Fournier JC. Study of the relation between carbofuran degradation and microbial or physicochemical characteristics of some french soils. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ps.2780400307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Slade EA, Fullerton RA, Stewart A, Young H. Degradation of the dicarboximide fungicides iprodione, vinclozolin and procymidone in Patumahoe clay loam soil, New Zealand. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ps.2780350114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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15
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Martin C, Davet P, Véga D, Coste C. Field effectiveness and biodegradation of cyclic imides in lettuce field soils. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ps.2780320405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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16
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Tal A, Rubin B, Katan J, Aharonson N. Accelerated degradation of thiocarbamate herbicides in Israeli soils following repeated use of vernolate. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ps.2780250404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Walker A. Enhanced degradation of iprodione and vinclozolin in soil: A simple colorimetric test for identification of rapid-degrading soils. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ps.2780210309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Strömqvist J, Jarvis N. Sorption, degradation and leaching of the fungicide iprodione in a golf green under Scandinavian conditions: measurements, modelling and risk assessment. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2005; 61:1168-78. [PMID: 16082718 DOI: 10.1002/ps.1101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In cold climates, fungicides are used on golf greens to prevent snow mould causing serious damage to the turf. However, fungicide residues have been detected in runoff from golf courses, which may lead to restrictions on use. There is therefore an urgent need to improve understanding of the processes affecting leaching of fungicides from turfgrass systems to allow identification of green construction and management practices that minimize environmental impacts. In this study we monitored the leaching of the fungicide iprodione in a putting green. Sorption and degradation of iprodione was measured in batch and incubation experiments, and the simulation model MACRO was used as a risk assessment tool. Degradation of iprodione was bi-phasic, with a rapid initial phase (half-life 17 h) caused by enhanced biodegradation. Degradation rates slowed considerably after 5 days, with half-lives of up to 38 days. Sorption of iprodione was linear, with a K(oc) value of ca 400 cm(3) g(-1). MACRO reasonably accurately matched measured drainflows and concentrations of iprodione in soil and drainflow. However, peak concentrations in drainage were underestimated, which was attributed to preferential finger flow due to water repellency. The results also showed the importance of the organic matter content in the green root zone in reducing leaching. It was concluded that, with 'reasonable worst-case' use, losses of iprodione from greens can occur at concentrations exceeding water quality limits for aquatic ecosystems. Snow mould problems should be tackled by adopting green root zone mixes that minimize leaching and 'best management practices' that would avoid the need for intensive prophylactic use of fungicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Strömqvist
- Department of Soil Sciences, SLU, Box 7014, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
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Leistra M, Matser AM. Adsorption, transformation, and bioavailability of the fungicides carbendazim and iprodione in soil, alone and in combination. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2004; 39:1-17. [PMID: 15022737 DOI: 10.1081/pfc-120027435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
When studying the effect of mixtures of toxic substances on soil organisms, attention must be paid to peculiarities in exposure to mixtures as opposed to that of single toxicants. The fungicides carbendazim and iprodione compete in the adsorption to soil. The presence of iprodione reduced the adsorption of carbendazim by 30%, while carbendazim reduced the adsorption of iprodione by 70%. Iprodione had little effect on the transformation rate of carbendazim in soil. However, carbendazim retarded the transformation of iprodione in soil by 26%. The concentration of the fungicides in pore water was found to be substantially higher for mixtures than when a fungicide alone was present in the soil. The effect of the additional fungicide on the concentration is especially apparent in the period following the first 1 to 2 weeks of the incubation. The inclusion of copper in the mixture has little additional effect on the concentration of the fungicides in pore water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minze Leistra
- Alterra Green World Research, Wageningen University and Research Center, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Hao J, Subbarao KV, Koike ST. Effects of Broccoli Rotation on Lettuce Drop Caused by Sclerotinia minor and on the Population Density of Sclerotia in Soil. PLANT DISEASE 2003; 87:159-166. [PMID: 30812921 DOI: 10.1094/pdis.2003.87.2.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Field experiments were conducted at Spence Road site and at the Hartnell College East Campus site in Salinas, CA, to determine the effects of crop rotation with broccoli or a fallow period on lettuce drop caused by Sclerotinia minor and the density of pathogen sclerotia in the soil. Treatments at the Spence Road site with low inoculum density (<7 sclerotia per 100 cm3 of soil) distributed randomly included: successive crops of lettuce (LLL), lettuce rotated with broccoli (LBL), and lettuce followed by a fallow period (LFL). Treatments at the Hartnell site with high inoculum density (>7 sclerotia per 100 cm3 of soil) distributed uniformly included: continuous lettuce (LLLL), broccoli-lettuce-broccoli-lettuce (BLBL), broccoli-broccoli-lettuce-lettuce (BBLL), and fallow-lettuce-fallow-lettuce (FLFL). At the Spence Road site, continuous lettuce did not increase lettuce drop incidence for at least 2 years, although an increase in soilborne sclerotia was observed annually but was below the threshold at which a correlation between inoculum density and disease incidence is observed. Rotation with broccoli resulted in small reductions in disease incidence only in the first year. The density of sclerotia was lowest in the LFL treatment, and the highest in the LLL. At the Hartnell site, rotation with broccoli significantly reduced both sclerotia and lettuce drop incidence. The number of broccoli crops rather than the sequence of lettuce rotations with broccoli was critical for reducing the numbers of S. minor sclerotia in soil. Fallowing after a lettuce crop resulted in marginal reductions in sclerotia and lettuce drop incidence. Viability of recovered sclerotia was not significantly different between treatments, although differences between seasons were detected. Results suggest that rotations with broccoli can be a practical lettuce drop management strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Hao
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, c/o United States Agricultural Research Station, Salinas, CA 93905
| | - Krishna V Subbarao
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, c/o United States Agricultural Research Station, Salinas, CA 93905
| | - Steven T Koike
- University of California Cooperative Extension, Salinas 93901
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Walker A, Jurado-Exposito M, Bending GD, Smith VJ. Spatial variability in the degradation rate of isoproturon in soil. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2001; 111:407-415. [PMID: 11202745 DOI: 10.1016/s0269-7491(00)00092-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Thirty samples of soil were taken at 50-m intersections on a grid pattern over an area of 250 x 200 m within a single field with nominally uniform soil characteristics. Incubations of isoproturon (3-(4-isopropylphenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea) under standard conditions (15 degrees C; -33 kPa soil water potential) indicated considerable variation in degradation rate of the herbicide, with the time to 50% loss (DT50) varying from 6.5 to 30 days. The kinetics of degradation also varied between the sub-samples of soil. In many of them, there was an exponential decline in isoproturon residues; in others, exponential loss was followed by more rapid rates of decline; in a few soil samples, rapid rates of loss began shortly after the start of the incubations. In more detailed studies with soils from a smaller number of sub-sites (20), measurements were again made of isoproturon degradation rate, and the soils were analysed for organic matter content, pH, and nutrient status (N, P, K). Measurements were also made of isoproturon adsorption by the soils and of soil microbial biomass. Patterns of microbial metabolism were assessed using 95 substrates in Biolog GN plates. Soils showing rapid biodegradation were generally of higher pH and contained more available potassium than those showing slower degradation rates. They also had a larger microbial biomass and greater microbial metabolic diversity as determined by substrate utilisation on Biolog GN plates. The implications of the results for the efficacy and environmental behaviour of isoproturon are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Walker
- Soil and Environment Sciences Department, Horticulture Research International, Wellesbourne, Warwick CV35 9EF, UK.
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Mitchell JA, Cain RB. Rapid Onset of the Accelerated Degradation of Dicarboximide Fungicides in a UK Soil with a Long History of Agrochemical Exclusion. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-9063(199609)48:1<1::aid-ps445>3.0.co;2-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Cain RB, Mitchell JA. Enhanced Degradation of the Fungicide Vinclozolin: Isolation and Characterisation of a Responsible Organism. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-9063(199609)48:1<13::aid-ps446>3.0.co;2-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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