1
|
Cruces L, de la Peña E, De Clercq P. Advances in the Integrated Pest Management of Quinoa ( Chenopodium quinoa Willd.): A Global Perspective. INSECTS 2024; 15:540. [PMID: 39057272 PMCID: PMC11276635 DOI: 10.3390/insects15070540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Since ancestral times, quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) has been cultivated in the Andean regions. Recently, this pseudocereal has received increasing international attention due to its beneficial properties, such as adaptation and resilience in the context of global change, and the nutritional value of the grains. As a result, its production areas have not only increased in the highlands of South America but have also expanded outside of its Andean origins, and the crop is currently produced worldwide. The key pests of quinoa in the Andean region are the gelechiid moths Eurysacca melanocampta and Eurysacca quinoae; in other parts of the world, new pest problems have recently been identified limiting quinoa production, including the gelechiid Scrobipalpa atripicella in North America and Europe and the agromyzid fly Amauromyza karli in North America. In this review, the status of quinoa pests in the world is presented, and different aspects of their integrated management are discussed, including sampling methodologies for pest monitoring, economic threshold levels, and various control strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Cruces
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agronomy, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Lima 12-056, Peru
| | - Eduardo de la Peña
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (E.d.l.P.); (P.D.C.)
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea “La Mayora” (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Estación Experimental “La Mayora”, Algarrobo-Costa, 29750 Malaga, Spain
| | - Patrick De Clercq
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (E.d.l.P.); (P.D.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Klinnert A, Barbosa AL, Catarino R, Fellmann T, Baldoni E, Beber C, Hristov J, Paracchini ML, Rega C, Weiss F, Witzke P, Rodriguez-Cerezo E. Landscape features support natural pest control and farm income when pesticide application is reduced. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5384. [PMID: 38918388 PMCID: PMC11199556 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48311-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Future trajectories of agricultural productivity need to incorporate environmental targets, including the reduction of pesticides use. Landscape features supporting natural pest control (LF-NPC) offer a nature-based solution that can serve as a partial substitute for synthetic pesticides, thereby supporting future productivity levels. Here, we introduce a novel approach to quantify the contribution of LF-NPC to agricultural yields and its associated economic value to crop production in a broad-scale context. Using the European Union as case study, we combine granular farm-level data, a spatially explicit map of LF-NPC potential, and a regional agro-economic supply and market model. The results reveal that farms located in areas characterized by higher LF-NPC potential experience lower productivity losses in a context of reduced synthetic pesticides use. Our analysis suggests that LF-NPC reduces yield gaps on average by four percentage points, and increases income by a similar magnitude. These results highlight the significance of LF-NPC for agricultural production and income, and provide a valuable reference point for farmers and policymakers aiming to successfully invest in landscape features to achieve pesticides reduction targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Klinnert
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, C/Inca Garcilaso 3, 41092, Seville, Spain.
| | - Ana Luisa Barbosa
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, C/Inca Garcilaso 3, 41092, Seville, Spain
| | - Rui Catarino
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Via Enrico Fermi 2749, 21027, Ispra, Italy
| | - Thomas Fellmann
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, C/Inca Garcilaso 3, 41092, Seville, Spain
| | - Edoardo Baldoni
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, C/Inca Garcilaso 3, 41092, Seville, Spain
| | - Caetano Beber
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, C/Inca Garcilaso 3, 41092, Seville, Spain
| | - Jordan Hristov
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, C/Inca Garcilaso 3, 41092, Seville, Spain
| | | | - Carlo Rega
- European Commission, Directorate General for Agriculture and Rural Development, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Franz Weiss
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Via Enrico Fermi 2749, 21027, Ispra, Italy
| | - Peter Witzke
- EuroCARE Bonn GmbH, Buntspechtweg 22, D-53123, Bonn, Germany
- Institute for Food and Resource Economics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang L, Wu H, He W, Lai G, Li J, Liu S, Zhou Q. Diversity of Parasitoid Wasps and Comparison of Sampling Strategies in Rice Fields Using Metabarcoding. INSECTS 2024; 15:228. [PMID: 38667358 PMCID: PMC11049895 DOI: 10.3390/insects15040228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
A comprehensive and precise evaluation of Arthropoda diversity in agricultural landscapes can enhance biological pest control strategies. We used Malaise traps and sweep nets to collect insects from three double-cropping paddy fields. DNA was extracted from the ethanol preservative of the Malaise traps and from tissue samples of selected parasitoid wasps. This was followed by amplification using DNA barcoding primers to prepare high-throughput sequencing libraries. We annotated a total of 4956 operational taxonomic units (OTUs), encompassing 174 genera and 32 families of parasitoid wasps. The ethanol filter method efficiently captured a wide range of information. However, the method has low resolution and may result in a reduced estimate of species abundance. Additional insect species were also identified in the parasitoid samples. This suggests that high throughput sequencing from adult parasitoid wasps can also detect host species, enabling a better understanding of host species and providing insights into food webs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Qiang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; (L.W.); (H.W.); (W.H.); (G.L.); (J.L.); (S.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liu J, Jin X, Lin J, Liang X, Zhang X, Zhou Y. Identification and characteristic analysis of semi-natural habitats in China's economically developed areas: New insights to inform cultivated land system ecological conservation. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 351:119804. [PMID: 38091730 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Identifying and characterizing semi-natural habitats (SNHs) are important to the ecological conservation of cultivated land systems and implementing China's ecological civilization strategy. This study revealed the concept and characteristics of SNHs in Chinese cultivated land systems regarding human activities, resource types, and spatial landscape patterns. The resource quantity, landscape quality, and spatial distribution of SNHs in Southern Jiangsu's cultivated land system were analyzed by constructing the identification model of "land use/land cover type-cultivated land use intensity-spatial landscape pattern". The results showed that the area of SNHs in Southern Jiangsu's cultivated land system was 25.35%, significantly influenced by cultivated land intensification and expansion. The higher the cultivated land use intensity, the lower the quantity of SNHs, and the proportion of SNHs in the intensive-use pattern was only 2.97%. 68.18% of the SNHs in Southern Jiangsu were water, and habitats for important species, such as woodland, grassland, wetlands, and bare land, were scarce. A small patch area, high landscape fragmentation, poor landscape richness and diversity, and low connectivity accompanied increased cultivated land use intensity. From the extensive to intensive utilization, the spatial spread of SNHs from low-value aggregation to high-value scatter areas, with hotspot areas of cultivated land use intensity and SNHs existing only in a small part of Nanjing and Changzhou. This study provides a scientific reference for the rehabilitation and restoration of SNHs in the context of the ecological transformation of land use. It promotes the sustainable intensification of cultivated land systems. It also provides new ideas for linking ecological and urban spaces to form a stable and systematic national ecological safety network.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingping Liu
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Qixia District, Nanjing, 210023, China; Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Exploitation and Protection, Ministry of Natural Resources, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Qixia District, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xiaobin Jin
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Qixia District, Nanjing, 210023, China; Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Exploitation and Protection, Ministry of Natural Resources, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Qixia District, Nanjing, 210023, China; Natural Resources Research Center, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Qixia 11 District, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Jinhuang Lin
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Qixia District, Nanjing, 210023, China; Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Exploitation and Protection, Ministry of Natural Resources, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Qixia District, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xinyuan Liang
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Qixia District, Nanjing, 210023, China; Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Exploitation and Protection, Ministry of Natural Resources, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Qixia District, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xiaolin Zhang
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Qixia District, Nanjing, 210023, China; Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Exploitation and Protection, Ministry of Natural Resources, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Qixia District, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yinkang Zhou
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Qixia District, Nanjing, 210023, China; Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Exploitation and Protection, Ministry of Natural Resources, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Qixia District, Nanjing, 210023, China; Natural Resources Research Center, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Qixia 11 District, Nanjing, 210023, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mei Z, Scheper J, Kleijn D. Arthropod predator identity and evenness jointly shape the delivery of pest control services. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024; 80:569-576. [PMID: 37732942 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maximizing the effectiveness of natural pest control requires a detailed understanding of how service delivery is affected by natural enemy community diversity and composition. Many studies have investigated the effects of natural enemy abundance and species richness on pest control. Studies examining the effects of evenness and species identity are fewer and have produced inconsistent results. Here we test the effects of arthropod predator community evenness and species identity on natural pest control by exposing aphid (Sitobion avenae) colonies in experimental cages to arthropod predator communities that had the same abundance and species richness but differed in evenness and dominant species. RESULTS We found that the identity of the most dominant species in the arthropod predator community predominantly drove the pest control efficiency. However, additional to the effects of species identity, we also found a causal positive relationship between the evenness of arthropod predator communities and the suppression of pest growth. CONCLUSION Our results provide support for the hypothesis that ecosystem service provision is generally a function of the abundance and efficiency of the most dominant species of the service-providing groups. This could partly explain why management practices aiming at promoting abundance of natural enemies often have mixed effects on pest control. Our results also demonstrate that diversity components such as evenness have important additional effects. However, in real-world ecosystems these effects may be obscured because evenness is generally confounded with abundance or species richness in natural enemy predator communities. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zulin Mei
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Scheper
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - David Kleijn
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Buonocore-Biancheri MJ, Wang X, Núñez-Campero SR, Suárez L, Schliserman P, Ponssa MD, Kirschbaum DS, Garcia FRM, Ovruski SM. The Population Dynamics and Parasitism Rates of Ceratitis capitata, Anastrepha fraterculus, and Drosophila suzukii in Non-Crop Hosts: Implications for the Management of Pest Fruit Flies. INSECTS 2024; 15:61. [PMID: 38249067 PMCID: PMC10817041 DOI: 10.3390/insects15010061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the seasonal dynamics inherent to non-crop host-fruit fly-parasitoid interactions is vitally important for implementing eco-friendly pest control strategies. This study assessed the abundance and seasonal infestation levels of three pest fly species, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann), Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura), as well as the related saprophytic drosophilids, and their natural parasitism in a disturbed wild habitat characterized by non-crop hosts in northwestern Argentina over 40 months. Juglans australis Griseb (walnut), Citrus aurantium L. (sour orange), Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindley (loquat), Prunus persica (L.) Batsch (peach), and Psydium guajava L. (guava) were sampled throughout their fruiting seasons. Fruits were collected from both the tree canopies and the ground. The most abundant puparia was A. fraterculus, followed by C. capitata and D. suzukii. Drosophila species from the D. melanogaster group were highly abundant only in fallen fruits. Spatiotemporal overlaps of different host fruit availability provided suitable sources for pest proliferation throughout the year. The populations of both invasive pests peaked from December to January, and were related to the highest ripe peach availability, whereas the A. fraterculus population peaked from February to April, overlapping with the guava fruiting period. The three pest fly species were parasitized mainly by three generalist resident parasitoids, which are potential biocontrol agents to use within an integrated pest management approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Josefina Buonocore-Biancheri
- Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos y Biotecnología (PROIMI-CONICET), División Control Biológico, Avda. Belgrano y Pje. Caseros, San Miguel de Tucumán T4001MVB, Argentina; (M.J.B.-B.); (M.D.P.); (S.M.O.)
| | - Xingeng Wang
- USDA-ARS Beneficial Insects Introduction Research Unit, Newark, DE 19713, USA
| | - Segundo Ricardo Núñez-Campero
- Centro Regional de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia Tecnológica de La Rioja (CRILAR-CONICET), Entre Ríos y Mendoza s/n, Anillaco, La Rioja 5301, Argentina;
- Departamento de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Instituto de Biología de la Conservación y Paleobiología, Universidad Nacional de La Rioja (UNLaR), Av. Luis M. de la Fuente s/n., La Rioja 5300, Argentina
| | - Lorena Suárez
- Dirección de Sanidad Vegetal, Animal y Alimentos de San Juan (DSVAA)-Gobierno de la Provincia de San Juan, CONICET, Nazario Benavides 8000 Oeste, Rivadavia, San Juan J5413ZAD, Argentina;
- CCT CONICET San Juan, Argentina Av. Libertador Gral. San Martín 1109, San Juan J5400AR, Argentina
| | - Pablo Schliserman
- Centro Regional De Energía y Ambiente para el Desarrollo Sustentable (CREAS), CONICET-UNCA, Prado 366, de Catamarca 4700 SFV, Argentina;
| | - Marcos Darío Ponssa
- Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos y Biotecnología (PROIMI-CONICET), División Control Biológico, Avda. Belgrano y Pje. Caseros, San Miguel de Tucumán T4001MVB, Argentina; (M.J.B.-B.); (M.D.P.); (S.M.O.)
| | - Daniel Santiago Kirschbaum
- INTA Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Famaillá, Tucumán Ruta Prov. 301, km 32, Famaillá 4132, Argentina;
- Cátedra Horticultura, Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Miguel de Tucumán 4000, Argentina
| | - Flávio Roberto Mello Garcia
- Departamento de Ecologia, Zoologia e Genética, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas 96000, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil;
| | - Sergio Marcelo Ovruski
- Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos y Biotecnología (PROIMI-CONICET), División Control Biológico, Avda. Belgrano y Pje. Caseros, San Miguel de Tucumán T4001MVB, Argentina; (M.J.B.-B.); (M.D.P.); (S.M.O.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Boetzl FA, Sponsler D, Albrecht M, Batáry P, Birkhofer K, Knapp M, Krauss J, Maas B, Martin EA, Sirami C, Sutter L, Bertrand C, Baillod AB, Bota G, Bretagnolle V, Brotons L, Frank T, Fusser M, Giralt D, González E, Hof AR, Luka H, Marrec R, Nash MA, Ng K, Plantegenest M, Poulin B, Siriwardena GM, Tscharntke T, Tschumi M, Vialatte A, Van Vooren L, Zubair-Anjum M, Entling MH, Steffan-Dewenter I, Schirmel J. Distance functions of carabids in crop fields depend on functional traits, crop type and adjacent habitat: a synthesis. Proc Biol Sci 2024; 291:20232383. [PMID: 38196355 PMCID: PMC10777163 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2023.2383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Natural pest and weed regulation are essential for agricultural production, but the spatial distribution of natural enemies within crop fields and its drivers are mostly unknown. Using 28 datasets comprising 1204 study sites across eight Western and Central European countries, we performed a quantitative synthesis of carabid richness, activity densities and functional traits in relation to field edges (i.e. distance functions). We show that distance functions of carabids strongly depend on carabid functional traits, crop type and, to a lesser extent, adjacent non-crop habitats. Richness of both carnivores and granivores, and activity densities of small and granivorous species decreased towards field interiors, whereas the densities of large species increased. We found strong distance decays in maize and vegetables whereas richness and densities remained more stable in cereals, oilseed crops and legumes. We conclude that carabid assemblages in agricultural landscapes are driven by the complex interplay of crop types, adjacent non-crop habitats and further landscape parameters with great potential for targeted agroecological management. In particular, our synthesis indicates that a higher edge-interior ratio can counter the distance decay of carabid richness per field and thus likely benefits natural pest and weed regulation, hence contributing to agricultural sustainability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian A. Boetzl
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala SE-750 07, Sweden
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg 97074 Germany
| | - Douglas Sponsler
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg 97074 Germany
| | - Matthias Albrecht
- Agroecology and Environment, Agroscope, Reckenholzstrasse 191, Zurich 8046, Switzerland
| | - Péter Batáry
- ‘Lendület’ Landscape and Conservation Ecology, Institute of Ecology and Botany, HUN-REN Centre for Ecological Research, 2163 Vácrátót, Alkotmány út 2-4, Hungary
| | - Klaus Birkhofer
- Department of Ecology, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Cottbus 03046, Germany
| | - Michal Knapp
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, Praha-Suchdol 165 00, Czech Republic
| | - Jochen Krauss
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg 97074 Germany
| | - Bea Maas
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, Division of Biodiversity Dynamics and Conservation, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Emily A. Martin
- Department of Animal Ecology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Clélia Sirami
- UMR Dynafor, INRAE, Toulouse University, 31326 Castanet Tolosan, France
- LTSER Zone Atelier « PYRÉNÉES GARONNE », 31320 Auzeville-Tolosane, France
| | - Louis Sutter
- Plant-Production Systems, Agroscope, Route des Eterpys 18, 1964 Conthey, Switzerland
| | - Colette Bertrand
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR EcoSys, 91120 Palaiseau, France
- INRAE, Institut Agro, ESA, UMR BAGAP, 35042 Rennes, France
| | - Aliette Bosem Baillod
- Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL), Ackerstrasse 113, Postfach, Frick 5070, Switzerland
| | - Gerard Bota
- Landscape Dynamics and Biodiversity Program, Forest Science and Technology Centre of Catalonia (CTFC), Crtra. Sant Llorenç de Morunys, km 2, 25280 Solsona, Spain
| | - Vincent Bretagnolle
- CEBC, UMR 7372, CNRS & La Rochelle Université, 79360 Villiers-en-Bois, France
- LTSER ‘Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sèvre’, CNRS, 79360 Villiers-en-Bois, France
| | - Lluís Brotons
- Landscape Dynamics and Biodiversity Program, Forest Science and Technology Centre of Catalonia (CTFC), Crtra. Sant Llorenç de Morunys, km 2, 25280 Solsona, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193, Spain
- CSIC, Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193, Spain
| | - Thomas Frank
- Institute of Zoology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna 1180, Austria
| | - Moritz Fusser
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, Ecosystem Analysis, University of Kaiserslautern-Landau, Fortstrasse 7, Landau 76829, Germany
| | - David Giralt
- Landscape Dynamics and Biodiversity Program, Forest Science and Technology Centre of Catalonia (CTFC), Crtra. Sant Llorenç de Morunys, km 2, 25280 Solsona, Spain
| | - Ezequiel González
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, Praha-Suchdol 165 00, Czech Republic
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Av. Velez Sarsfield 1611, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Anouschka R. Hof
- Wildlife Ecology and Conservation Group, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 3, 6708 PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Henryk Luka
- Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL), Ackerstrasse 113, Postfach, Frick 5070, Switzerland
| | - Ronan Marrec
- Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés (EDYSAN, UMR CNRS 7058), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Michael A. Nash
- Department of Ecology, Environment & Evolution, School of Life Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Katherina Ng
- Fenner School of Environment and Society, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | | | - Brigitte Poulin
- Tour du Valat Research Institute for the conservation of Mediterranean wetlands, Le Sambuc, 13200 Arles, France
| | | | - Teja Tscharntke
- Agroecology, Department of Crop Science, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Matthias Tschumi
- Agroecology and Environment, Agroscope, Reckenholzstrasse 191, Zurich 8046, Switzerland
- Swiss Ornithological Institute, Seerose 1, CH-6204 Sempach, Switzerland
| | - Aude Vialatte
- UMR Dynafor, INRAE, Toulouse University, 31326 Castanet Tolosan, France
- LTSER Zone Atelier « PYRÉNÉES GARONNE », 31320 Auzeville-Tolosane, France
| | - Laura Van Vooren
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Department of Forest and Water Management, Forest & Nature Lab, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, 9090 Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Muhammad Zubair-Anjum
- Department of Zoology & Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Martin H. Entling
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, Ecosystem Analysis, University of Kaiserslautern-Landau, Fortstrasse 7, Landau 76829, Germany
| | - Ingolf Steffan-Dewenter
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg 97074 Germany
| | - Jens Schirmel
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, Ecosystem Analysis, University of Kaiserslautern-Landau, Fortstrasse 7, Landau 76829, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Shi X, Ma C, Gustave W, Orr M, Sritongchuay T, Yuan Z, Wang M, Zhang X, Zhou Q, Huang Y, Luo A, Zhu C. Effects of arsenic and selenium pollution on wild bee communities in the agricultural landscapes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 907:168052. [PMID: 37898201 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Wild bees play crucial roles in pollinating numerous crops and fruits worldwide. However, these essential insect pollinators are threatened with decline due to a variety of stressors. Among stressors, relatively little work has been done on metalloid pollution. Laboratory experiments have shown that arsenic (As) and selenium (Se) can negatively impact on bees, it is unknown if these effects translate in real-world environments. To address this knowledge gap, wild bee communities were sampled from 18 smallholder farmlands in Kaihua County in Quzhou, Southeast China and As and Se concentrations in three bee species were measured (Xylocopa tranquebarorum, Eucera floralia, and Apis cerana). Analyses revealed that the large carpenter bee, X. tranquebarorum, exhibited significantly lower As and Se concentrations than the other two wild bee species. No significant correlations were found between As and Se concentrations in all three wild bee species. Interestingly, the proportion of semi-natural habitat was found to be significantly related to reduced Se concentration in wild bee bodies, though no such effect was observed for As. As pollution negatively impacted bee diversity but not abundance, whereas Se significantly impacted neither bee diversity nor abundance. Furthermore, both As and Se pollution had no significant effect on the abundance of small-bodied wild bees. Given the essential role of wild bees for pollination services, monitoring of As and Se pollution in wild bee bodies and their food resources (pollen and nectar) is recommended across agricultural and other potentially impacted systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Shi
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Changsheng Ma
- Longping Branch Graduate School, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Williamson Gustave
- School of Chemistry, Environmental & Life Sciences, University of the Bahamas, New Providence, Nassau, P.O. Box N-4912, Bahamas
| | - Michael Orr
- Entomologie, Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Tuanjit Sritongchuay
- Department of Computational Landscape Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; Nature Conservation and Landscape Ecology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Zhaofeng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Mei Wang
- Eurofins Technology Service (Suzhou) Co., Ltd., China
| | - Xiaokai Zhang
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Qingsong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yixin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Arong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Life Sciences/International College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Chaodong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Life Sciences/International College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Vilumets S, Kaasik R, Lof M, Kovács G, Holland J, Veromann E. Landscape complexity effects on Brassicogethes aeneus abundance and larval parasitism rate: a two-year field study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22373. [PMID: 38104176 PMCID: PMC10725428 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49690-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Global biodiversity has suffered a decline primarily attributed to landscape simplification and intensified agricultural practices. Agricultural environments, characterized by homogeneity and frequent disturbances, are often suboptimal habitats for various insect species. While agricultural fields do favour pests, they generally fail to provide suitable habitats for natural enemies. The inclusion of diverse supporting habitats, such as semi-natural habitats, grassy and woody field margins etc. surrounding agricultural fields, play a crucial role in fostering effective biodiversity conservation. Moreover, determining the influence of different adjacent habitat types is essential in elucidating their influence on pest abundance and parasitism rates. Our two-year field study focused on assessing the abundance of Brassicogethes aeneus and its parasitism rate. The findings revealed that the adjacent habitat type did not significantly increase pest abundance and the parasitism rate of B. aeneus larvae consistently stayed over the threshold for effective biological control throughout the fields. This was attributed to the high proportion (35 and 38% in the 2 study years) of semi-natural habitats within most of the 1 km radius study areas. While our study did not identify any specific adjacent habitat type or habitat within a 1 km radius that directly impacted B. aeneus abundance, it emphasises the intricate interplay between the pests, parasitism and the surrounding environment because the interactive effect of distance from the crop edge and habitat type had a significant influence on B. aeneus infestation levels but not on parasitism. Decision tree analysis suggests that > 18% semi-natural habitat is needed to ensure sufficient levels of parasitism for effective biological control. A comprehensive understanding of habitats that influence not only B. aeneus but also other pests is critical for the successful implementation of IPM strategies and conservation initiatives within the agricultural sector.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silva Vilumets
- Plant Health Chair, Estonian University of Life Science, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51006, Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Riina Kaasik
- Plant Health Chair, Estonian University of Life Science, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51006, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Marjolein Lof
- Environmental Systems Analysis Group, Wageningen University and Research, 6708PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Gabriella Kovács
- Plant Health Chair, Estonian University of Life Science, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51006, Tartu, Estonia
| | - John Holland
- Game and Wildlife Conservation Trust, Fordingbridge, Hampshire, SP6 1EF, UK
| | - Eve Veromann
- Plant Health Chair, Estonian University of Life Science, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51006, Tartu, Estonia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lin T, Guo Y, Hu J, Rao W, Wei H, Chen X, Yang G, Fan G. Toxicity risk assessment of flupyradifurone for the predatory pirate bug, Orius strigicollis (Poppius) (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae), a biological control agent of Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 267:115632. [PMID: 37890245 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae), commonly known as the Asian citrus psyllid, is a prominent citrus tree pest that serves as a vector for Asian huanglongbing (HLB). The substantial costs incurred by the citrus industry as a consequence of this disease have spurred considerable interest in the combined control of D. citri using insecticides and natural enemies. However, the successful implementation of such integrated pest management strategies is dependent on ensuring the compatibility of using natural enemies in the presence of insecticides. In this regard, we evaluated the lethal and sublethal effects of flupyradifurone on Orius strigicollis (Poppius) (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae), an important predatory biological control agent, in which we assessed the risk of exposure to flupyradifurone under both in- and off-field scenario. The median lethal rate (LR50) value of flupyradifurone against O. strigicollis (9.089 g a.i. ha-1), was found to be significantly lower than the maximum field recommended rate (MFRR, 170 g a.i. ha-1). Additionally, at 0.254 g a.i. ha-1, flupyradifurone was established to significantly prolong the developmental duration of O. strigicollis from the first to third instar nymphs. Although we detected no significant difference in the survival of immature O. strigicollis subjected to 0.064 g a.i. ha-1 and control treatments, survival was significantly lower in 0.127 and 0.254 g a.i. ha-1 treatments. Moreover, whereas there were no significant differences in adult longevity between the 0.127 g a.i. ha-1 and control treatments, we recorded a significant reduction in fecundity. Furthermore, there were reductions in peak life expectancy, reproductive value, finite rate of increase, intrinsic rate of increase, and net reproduction rate in response to exposure to increasing flupyradifurone rate. Additionally, at 0.127 g a.i. ha-1, the mean generation time was significantly longer than that under control conditions. Following simulated exposure to flupyradifurone for 100 days, population of O. strigicollis in the 0.064 g a.i. ha-1 and control treatments were found to be significantly larger than those exposed to 0.127 g a.i. ha-1. On the basis on LR50 evaluations, whereas the risk of exposure risk was unacceptable for O. strigicollis under in-field scenario, it remained acceptable off-field. Nonetheless, the sublethal effect of prolonged exposure to residual flupyradifurone could pose an unacceptable off-field risk to O. strigicollis (e.g., in adjacent habitats). Consequently, the effects of different flupyradifurone exposure scenarios on O. strigicollis should be thoroughly assessed, and reducing the dosage of flupyradifurone could be advantageous for the control of D. citri when combine with augmentative release of O. strigicollis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Lin
- Fujian Engineering Research Center for Green Pest Management, Fujian Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Integrated Management of Crop Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, China; Fuzhou Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pests of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fujian 350013, China; State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yaqing Guo
- Fujian Engineering Research Center for Green Pest Management, Fujian Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Integrated Management of Crop Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, China; Fuzhou Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pests of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fujian 350013, China
| | - Jinfeng Hu
- Fujian Engineering Research Center for Green Pest Management, Fujian Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Integrated Management of Crop Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, China; Fuzhou Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pests of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fujian 350013, China
| | - Wenhua Rao
- Fujian Engineering Research Center for Green Pest Management, Fujian Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Integrated Management of Crop Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, China; Fuzhou Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pests of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fujian 350013, China
| | - Hui Wei
- Fujian Engineering Research Center for Green Pest Management, Fujian Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Integrated Management of Crop Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, China; Fuzhou Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pests of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fujian 350013, China
| | - Xiaoyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Guang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Guocheng Fan
- Fujian Engineering Research Center for Green Pest Management, Fujian Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Integrated Management of Crop Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, China; Fuzhou Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pests of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fujian 350013, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Guenay-Greunke Y, Trager H, Bohan DA, Traugott M, Wallinger C. Consumer identity but not food availability affects carabid diet in cereal crops. JOURNAL OF PEST SCIENCE 2023; 97:281-296. [PMID: 38223748 PMCID: PMC10784395 DOI: 10.1007/s10340-023-01620-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Understanding trophic interactions in agroecosystems is crucial for harnessing ecosystem services such as pest control, thus enabling a reduction in pesticide use. Carabid beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) have the potential to regulate not only insect pests but also weed seeds and slugs. The aim of this study was to investigate the food choice of different carabid species in the experimental setting of a cereal field with varying seed and slug prey availability during the season. In addition to varying food availability, the effects of species identity and season on carabid food choice should also be closely examined. Therefore, the gut contents of 1,120 beetles of eight carabid species were screened for the DNA of plants, aphids, springtails, earthworms and slugs via diagnostic multiplex PCR and a nested metabarcoding approach for plant species identification. Plant DNA was detected far more often (72%) than the various animal prey types (less than 12.5% each). Within the plant detections, 80 weed species were identified in the metabarcoding, with Galinsoga parviflora/quadriradiata (Galinsoga spp.-quickweeds) as the most frequently detected species. Carabid food choice was driven by their species identity and seasonality, while no effect of increased availability of seeds and slugs on their food choice was detected. While weed seeds seem to be an important food source for carabids, their availability does not directly affect the carabid diet. The importance of consumer identity and seasonality highlight the need for a diverse carabid species community for resilient pest control services. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10340-023-01620-w.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasemin Guenay-Greunke
- Applied Animal Ecology, Department of Zoology, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Mountain Research, IGF, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Technikerstraße 21a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Harald Trager
- Applied Animal Ecology, Department of Zoology, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - David A. Bohan
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRAE, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Michael Traugott
- Applied Animal Ecology, Department of Zoology, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Corinna Wallinger
- Applied Animal Ecology, Department of Zoology, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Mountain Research, IGF, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Technikerstraße 21a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Uesugi R, Konishi-Furihata R, Tabuchi K, Yoshimura H, Shimoda T. Predacious Natural Enemies Associated With Suppression of Onion Thrips, Thrips tabaci (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), in Intercropped Onion-Barley Agroecosystems. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2023; 52:183-196. [PMID: 36843392 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvad014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The effects of two possible factors, prevention of pest immigration and enhancement of natural enemies, in suppressing onion thrips, Thrips tabaci L., were estimated in a small-scale experimental system of spring-planted onions intercropped with barley. The population dynamics of the thrips and their potential predatory natural enemies were investigated in four treatments: control (bare ground), insect net barrier, and onion-barley intercropping with or without trimming. We found that intercropping significantly suppressed onion thrips. It is unlikely that this effect was due to the prevention of thrip immigration because they seemed to move over the camouflage and/or physical barriers of the barley and the net barrier surrounding the onions easily. Intercropping with barley significantly increased hoverfly (Syrphidae) larvae numbers on onion leaves, and that of some groups of ground-dwelling predators such as large carnivorous ground beetles (Carabidae), ants (Formicidae), and wolf spiders (Lycosidae). We conclude that the suppression of thrips in this system was associated with the enhancement of hoverfly larvae abundance, mainly Sphaerophoria macrogaster (Thomson) (Syrphidae: Diptera) because they were observed together with thrips on onions and have been reported to predate thrips as well as aphids. Some hoverfly larvae on barley might move to nearby onions to search for new food sources and attack thrips.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryuji Uesugi
- Tohoku Agricultural Research Center, NARO, 4 Akahira, Shimo-kuriyagawa, Morioka, Iwate, 020-0198, Japan
| | - Ryoko Konishi-Furihata
- Tohoku Agricultural Research Center, NARO, 4 Akahira, Shimo-kuriyagawa, Morioka, Iwate, 020-0198, Japan
| | - Ken Tabuchi
- Tohoku Agricultural Research Center, NARO, 4 Akahira, Shimo-kuriyagawa, Morioka, Iwate, 020-0198, Japan
| | - Hideto Yoshimura
- Tohoku Agricultural Research Center, NARO, 4 Akahira, Shimo-kuriyagawa, Morioka, Iwate, 020-0198, Japan
| | - Takeshi Shimoda
- Tohoku Agricultural Research Center, NARO, 4 Akahira, Shimo-kuriyagawa, Morioka, Iwate, 020-0198, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Stathakis T, Economou L, Barda M, Angelioudakis T, Kati V, Karamaouna F. Potential of Hedgerows with Aromatic Plants as Reservoirs of Natural Enemies of Pests in Orange Orchards. INSECTS 2023; 14:391. [PMID: 37103206 PMCID: PMC10141982 DOI: 10.3390/insects14040391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the potential of hedgerows from Mediterranean aromatic plant species, i.e., oregano, rosemary, sage, and savory, in orange field margins to function as reservoirs of natural enemies of citrus pests was tested in comparison to the common management practice of bare soil or weed vegetation. Assessments were based on the abundance and diversity of parasitoid wasps, spiders, and insect predators in the field margins and on the orange trees for two growing seasons. Savory plants harbored more parasitoids compared to weed vegetation and the other aromatic plants (savory > organic rosemary > sage > oregano). Weed vegetation hosted more arachnid predators than the aromatic plants in their first year in the orchard, but this was reversed with their full growth in the following year (most abundant on rosemary). Oregano and sage favor insect predators. The similarity of the natural enemy communities on the field margins and on the orange trees increased with time, indicating the insects' movement from the field margins to the trees. The results support the use of the tested aromatic plant species in conservation practices for targeted groups of beneficial arthropods in orange orchards, also considering the exploitation of suitable wild flowering plants of the weed flora.
Collapse
|
14
|
Skellern MP, Clark SJ, Ferguson AW, Watts NP, Cook SM. Banker Plant Bonuses? The Benefits and Risks of Including Brassicas in Field Margins to Promote Conservation Biocontrol of Specialist Pests in Oilseed Rape. INSECTS 2023; 14:349. [PMID: 37103162 PMCID: PMC10145157 DOI: 10.3390/insects14040349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
European agri-environment schemes include the use of flower-rich field margins to promote on-farm biodiversity, but species mixtures rarely include Brassicaceae. As pests of oilseed rape (OSR; Brassica napus) and their parasitoids are mostly brassica specialists, including brassica 'banker plants' in the mixtures would help support these important biocontrol agents and improve pest control throughout the crop rotation. We assessed the potential of six brassicaceous plants (replicated plots grown in the field) to enhance populations of parasitoids of OSR pests whilst minimising proliferation of their pest hosts. Fodder radish (Raphanus sativus) facilitated high production of parasitoids of the pollen beetle pest (Brassicogethes aeneus) but may proliferate Ceutorhynchus weevil pests due to low parasitism. Turnip rape (B. rapa) and the B. rapa hybrid 'Tyfon' showed potential to perform a trap cropping function for pests, but their early flowering phenology resulted in B. aeneus larvae escaping parasitisation, potentially assisting proliferation of this pest. Forage rape B. napus exhibited similarly high B. aeneus parasitoid production characteristics to R. sativus but did not potentiate problems with other pests, indicating that it would be a favourable banker plant option. Careful selection of plants in field margin mixtures is therefore needed to maximise their benefits and ideally the whole crop pest-beneficial complex needs to be studied, as focus on a single major pest risks unintended consequences with other pest problems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew. P. Skellern
- Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK
- Limewood Science, The Paddock, Stainton by Langworth, Lincoln LN3 5BL, UK
| | | | | | - Nigel P. Watts
- Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Shi XY, Orr M, Luo A, Wang MQ, Guo P, Zhou QS, Niu Z, Qiao H, Zou Y, Zhu CD. Optimizing low-cost sampling of pollinator insects in oilseed rape fields. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2023.1155458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Insects are key pollinators to ecosystem function, but much work remains to determine the most cost-effective, reliable scheme to monitor them. Pan traps (PT) and flight interception traps (FIT) are two of the most popular insect sampling methods used. However, their relative sampling performance and cost is poorly known for agroecosystems in China. We conducted a study across 18 oilseed rape fields in smallholder farmland in Zhejiang, China using these two traps. Our results showed that a single FIT had a greater sampling efficiency (more individuals and higher species richness) than a single PT, but controlling for cost, four PTs (the cost for four PTs is close to one FIT) showed a greater sampling efficiency than FITs. PTs collected more small-bodied individuals while FITs and PTs did not significantly differ in terms of monitoring pollinator insects with large body size. When exploring whether semi-natural habitat embedded in the agricultural landscape affected these results, results from both trap types shows that semi-natural habitat had a significant positive impact on wild pollinator diversity and rarefied species richness. Future studies that examine the effects of agricultural landscape on the wild pollinator community should combine PTs with netting or other active methods for long-term wild pollinator monitoring strategies.
Collapse
|
16
|
de Paz V, Asís JD, Holzschuh A, Baños-Picón L. Effects of Traditional Orchard Abandonment and Landscape Context on the Beneficial Arthropod Community in a Mediterranean Agroecosystem. INSECTS 2023; 14:277. [PMID: 36975963 PMCID: PMC10056667 DOI: 10.3390/insects14030277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural abandonment is one of the main land-use changes in Europe, and its consequences on biodiversity are context- and taxa-dependent. While several studies have worked on this topic, few have focused on traditional orchards, especially in different landscapes and under a Mediterranean climate. In this context, we aimed to determine the effects of almond orchard abandonment on the communities of three groups of beneficial arthropods and the role of the landscape context in modulating these effects. Between February and September 2019, four samplings were carried out in twelve almond orchards (three abandoned and three traditional (active orchards under traditional agricultural management) located in simple landscapes as well as three abandoned and three traditional in complex landscapes). Abandoned and traditional almond orchards harbor different arthropod communities and diversity metrics that are strongly conditioned by seasonality. Abandoned orchards can favor pollinators and natural enemies, providing alternative resources in simple landscapes. However, the role that abandoned orchards play in simple landscapes disappears as the percentage of semi-natural habitats in the landscape increases. Our results show that landscape simplification, through the loss of semi-natural habitats, has negative consequences on arthropod biodiversity, even in traditional farming landscapes with small fields and high crop diversity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Víctor de Paz
- Departmento de Biología Animal, Ecología, Parasitología, Edafología y Química Agrícola, Facultad de Farmacia, Campus Miguel de Unamuno s/n, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (V.d.P.); (L.B.-P.)
| | - Josep D. Asís
- Departmento de Biología Animal, Ecología, Parasitología, Edafología y Química Agrícola, Facultad de Farmacia, Campus Miguel de Unamuno s/n, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (V.d.P.); (L.B.-P.)
| | - Andrea Holzschuh
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany;
| | - Laura Baños-Picón
- Departmento de Biología Animal, Ecología, Parasitología, Edafología y Química Agrícola, Facultad de Farmacia, Campus Miguel de Unamuno s/n, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (V.d.P.); (L.B.-P.)
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Salat-Moltó A, Caballero-López B, Pérez-Hidalgo N, Michelena JM, Ferrer Suay M, Guerrieri E, Blanco-Moreno JM. Not All Field Margins Are Equally Useful: Effects of the Vegetation Structure of Margins on Cereal Aphids and Their Natural Enemies. INSECTS 2023; 14:156. [PMID: 36835725 PMCID: PMC9961275 DOI: 10.3390/insects14020156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Differences in the semi-natural vegetation of field margins will affect the biological control services derived from the presence of these semi-natural habitats adjacent to fields. Of the plant functional traits that are most relevant for insects, plant life forms reflect different aspects of plant structure and functioning that can help predict the value of marginal vegetation for arthropods in agricultural systems. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the vegetation structure of field margins on cereal aphids and on some of their natural enemies (parasitoids, hoverflies and ladybugs) in terms of plant life forms. We characterized margin vegetation using the relative cover of each life form and sampled insects in crops along transects parallel to field margins. Our results show that in the studied areas, the abundance of natural enemies was greater near margins dominated by annual plants than in margins dominated by perennial plants. On the other hand, the abundances of aphids and parasitism rates were higher near margins dominated by perennial woody plants than near margins dominated by perennial herbaceous plants. By promoting specific life forms in existing margins, farmers can enhance the conservation biological control and relieve aphid pressure on their crops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agnès Salat-Moltó
- Agroecology Group, Botany and Mycology Unit, Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Berta Caballero-López
- Department of Arthropods, Natural Sciences Museum of Barcelona, Castell Dels Tres Dragons, Av. Picasso, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nicolás Pérez-Hidalgo
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology, C. Catedrático José Beltrán, University of Valencia CSIC, Paterna, 46980 Valencia, Spain
| | - José M. Michelena
- Department of Entomology and Pest Control, Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Mar Ferrer Suay
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Valencia, Campus de Burjassot-Paterna, Dr. Moliner 50, Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain
| | - Emilio Guerrieri
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy, 10135 Turin, Italy
- Department of Life Sciences, the Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK
| | - José M. Blanco-Moreno
- Agroecology Group, Botany and Mycology Unit, Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Alcalá Herrera R, García-Fuentes A, Ramos-Font ME, Fernández-Sierra ML, Ruano F. Vegetation Cover Management and Landscape Plant Species Composition Influence the Chrysopidae Community in the Olive Agroecosystem. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3255. [PMID: 36501295 PMCID: PMC9739066 DOI: 10.3390/plants11233255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Habitat manipulation through the promotion of semi-natural habitats such as cover and patch vegetation is a possible means of offsetting the negative impacts of the agricultural practices. A baseline situation is crucial before any successful habitat manipulation is attempted. We studied the effects that current vegetation cover management practices have on plant composition and the potential attraction that the plant families from the semi-natural habitats could have on the Chrysopidae community, a key pest control agent, in five olive farms in Granada (Spain). Vegetation cover was assessed using a point quadrat methodology in eight transects per farm. In addition, the patch vegetation was characterized with 60 transects using a line intercept methodology. The woody patch vegetation and olive tree canopies were vacuumed using a field aspirator to collect adult Chrysopidae. In the cover vegetation we observed great variability in both the richness and diversity of plant communities caused by the vegetation cover management techniques and the transect position (in the middle of the rows or beneath the tree canopy). The plant families with the greatest plant cover were the Asteraceae and Fabaceae, where Asteraceae was favoured by tillage and Fabaceae by grazing, while in the patch vegetation, the predominant families were the Rosaceae and Fagaceae. Our results indicate that the genus Chrysoperla was mostly correlated with the Plantaginaceae, Brassicaceae and Asteraceae plant families in the cover vegetation, and with the Caryophyllaceae and Rosaceae families in the patch vegetation. The genera Apertochrysa and Pseudomallada were associated with the families Malvaceae and Poaceae in the cover vegetation, and with the families Cupressaceae, Poaceae and Pinaceae in the patch vegetation. Our study shows to the farmers the possibilities of vegetation cover management to select plant families for the cover vegetation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Alcalá Herrera
- Department of Agronomy, University of Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Building C4 “Celestino Mutis”, 14014 Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Environmental Protection, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (EEZ-CSIC), C/Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio García-Fuentes
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Edificio B3, Universidad de Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas s/n, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - María Eugenia Ramos-Font
- Servicio de Evaluación, Restauración y Protección de Agrosistemas Mediterráneos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (EEZ-CSIC), C/Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Mª Luisa Fernández-Sierra
- Department of Environmental Protection, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (EEZ-CSIC), C/Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Francisca Ruano
- Department of Zoology, University of Granada, Campus de Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ferrante M, Lövei GL, Nunes R, Monjardino P, Lamelas-López L, Möller D, Soares AO, Borges PA. Gains and losses in ecosystem services and disservices after converting native forest to agricultural land on an oceanic island. Basic Appl Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2022.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
20
|
Dehnen-Schmutz K, Pescott OL, Booy O, Walker KJ. Integrating expert knowledge at regional and national scales improves impact assessments of non-native species. NEOBIOTA 2022. [DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.77.89448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Knowledge of the impacts of invasive species is important for their management, prioritisation of control efforts and policy decisions. We investigated how British and Irish botanical experts assessed impacts at smaller scales in areas where they were familiar with the flora. Experts were asked to select the 10 plants that they considered were having the largest impacts in their areas. They also scored the local impacts of 10 plant species that had been previously scored to have the highest impacts at the scale of Great Britain. Impacts were scored using the modified classification scheme of the EICAT framework (Environmental Impact Classification for Alien Taxa). A total of 782 species/score combinations were received, of which 123 were non-native plants in 86 recording areas. Impatiens glandulifera, Reynoutria japonica and Rhododendron ponticum were the three species considered to have the highest impacts across all regions. Four of the species included in the list of the 10 highest impact species in Great Britain were also in the top 10 of species reported in our study. Species in the higher impact categories had, on average, a wider distribution than species with impacts categorised at lower levels. The main habitat types affected were woodlands, followed by linear/boundary features and freshwater habitats. Thirty-nine native plant species were reported to be negatively affected. In comparison to the overall non-native flora of Britain and Ireland, the lifeform spectrum of the species reported was significantly different, with higher percentages of aquatic plants and trees, but a lower proportion of annuals. The study demonstrates the value of local knowledge and expertise in identifying invasive species with negative impacts on the environment. Local knowledge is useful to both confirm national assessments and to identify species and impacts on native species and habitats that may not have gained national attention.
Collapse
|
21
|
A Quantitative Survey of Effect of Semi-Natural Habitat Composition and Configuration on Landscape Heterogeneity in Arable Land System. LAND 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/land11071018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Arable land systems are complex ecosystems composed of cultivated land and semi-natural habitats. Retaining an appropriate proportion of semi-natural habitats in arable land systems is beneficial for enhancing landscape heterogeneity and biodiversity. However, it is unclear how many semi-natural habitats need to be retained in arable land systems to improve landscape heterogeneity. In this study, the land use data of four counties were used as the data source in the Lower Liaohe Plain, Liaoning Province, and Rao’s quadratic entropy index (Q) was used to quantitatively characterize the landscape heterogeneity. We aimed to explore the minimum proportion of semi-natural habitat required to maintain high landscape heterogeneity and determine the independent and interactive effects of semi-natural habitat composition and configuration on landscape heterogeneity. We found that (1) maintaining a 5% proportion of semi-natural habitats is the minimum threshold for achieving high landscape heterogeneity in arable land systems. Retaining a 10% share of semi-natural habitats is beneficial for both agricultural production and land ecology. (2) The combination of woodland, water and ditches was good for improving landscape heterogeneity. Connectivity in semi-natural habitats is critical to improving landscape heterogeneity. (3) The interaction of semi-natural habitat composition and configuration had a strong effect on landscape heterogeneity (53.1%). Semi-natural habitat configuration was found to be more important than composition for landscape heterogeneity. The role of semi-natural habitat composition and configuration in maintaining landscape heterogeneity and supporting the sustainability of land use therefore needs to be considered in arable land systems.
Collapse
|
22
|
Optimizing the Use of Basil as a Functional Plant for the Biological Control of Aphids by Chrysopa pallens (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) in Greenhouses. INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13060552. [PMID: 35735889 PMCID: PMC9225561 DOI: 10.3390/insects13060552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Functional plants can be deployed at the field, farm, and landscape scale, where they are beneficial to natural enemies, thus contributing to improved pest control. To explore how non-crop plants can augment the biological control of pests, this study aimed to assess how basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) (Lamiales: Lamiaceae), as a functional plant, affected the lacewing Chrysopa pallens (Rambur) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) in the laboratory and greenhouse. The results showed that in the presence of the target prey (peach aphid; Myzus persicae (Sulzer)), both the vegetative and flowering stages of basil enhanced C. pallens (early-age) fecundity and longevity as compared to a control treatment in the laboratory. Similarly, lacewing colonization patterns were modulated by the basil planting density and spatial arrangement in the greenhouse. Under high density intercrop basil arrangements, C. pallens colonization rates were the highest, the populations persisted longer in the crop, and the aphid numbers declined more rapidly. This work showed how basil enhanced the fitness attributes of a generalist predatory lacewing and benefitted aphid biological control in a short time. It can inform the development of economically sound management strategies to attain pest control with minimum inputs. Abstract Effective biological control agents that can provide sustainable pest control need to be researched in further detail; functional plants (or non-crop insectary plants), in particular, are garnering increased research interest. Much remains to be learned as to how non-crop plants can augment biological control in greenhouse systems. In this study, we combined laboratory and greenhouse assays to assess the extent to which basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) (Lamiales: Lamiaceae) affected the biological control of aphids by the predatory lacewing Chrysopa pallens (Rambur) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae). In the presence of the target prey (peach aphid; Myzus persicae (Sulzer)), both the vegetative and flowering stages of basil enhanced C. pallens longevity and (early-age) fecundity as compared to a control treatment. When basil plants were established near aphid infested eggplants (Solanum melongena L.), the C. pallens colonization rate improved by 72–92% in the short-term. Lacewing colonization patterns were modulated by the basil planting density and spatial arrangement (i.e., perimeter planting vs. intercropping). Under high density intercrop arrangements, C. pallens colonization rates were highest, its populations persisted longer in the crop, and the aphid numbers declined more rapidly. Our work shows how basil enhanced the key fitness attributes of a generalist predatory lacewing and benefitted aphid biological control in a greenhouse setting.
Collapse
|
23
|
Tougeron K, Couthouis E, Marrec R, Barascou L, Baudry J, Boussard H, Burel F, Couty A, Doury G, Francis C, Hecq F, Le Roux V, Pétillon J, Spicher F, Hance T, van Baaren J. Multi-scale approach to biodiversity proxies of biological control service in European farmlands. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 822:153569. [PMID: 35114245 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Intensive agriculture has profoundly altered biodiversity and trophic relationships in agricultural landscapes, leading to the deterioration of many ecosystem services such as pollination or biological control. Information on which spatio-temporal factors are simultaneously affecting crop pests and their natural enemies is required to improve conservation biological control practices. We conducted a study in 80 winter wheat crop fields distributed in three regions of North-western Europe (Brittany, Hauts-de-France and Wallonia), along intra-regional gradients of landscape complexity. Five taxa of major crop pests (aphids and slugs) and natural enemies (spiders, carabids, and parasitoids) were sampled three times a year, for two consecutive years. We analysed the influence of regional (meteorology), landscape (structure in both the years n and n-1) and local factors (hedge or grass strip field boundaries, and distance to boundary) on the abundance and species richness of crop-dwelling organisms, as proxies of the service/disservice they provide. Firstly, there was higher biocontrol potential in areas with mild winter climatic conditions. Secondly, natural enemy communities were less diverse and had lower abundances in landscapes with high crop and wooded continuities (sum of interconnected crop or wood surfaces), contrary to slugs and aphids. Finally, field boundaries with grass strips were more favourable to spiders and carabids than boundaries formed by hedges, while the opposite was found for crop pests, with the latter being less abundant towards the centre of the fields. We also revealed temporal modulation-and sometimes reversion-of the impact of local elements on crop biodiversity. To some extent, these results cause controversy because they show that hedgerows and woodlots should not be the unique cornerstones of agro-ecological landscape design strategies. We point out that combining woody and grassy habitats to take full advantage of the features and ecosystem services they both provide (biological pest control, windbreak effect, soil stabilization) may promote sustainable agricultural ecosystems. It may be possible to both reduce pest pressure and promote natural enemies by accounting for taxa-specific antagonistic responses to multi-scale environmental characteristics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kévin Tougeron
- Earth and Life Institute, Ecology and Biodiversity, Université catholique de Louvain, croix-du-Sud 4-5, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
| | - Eloïse Couthouis
- UMR 0980 BAGAP, INRAE, Institut Agro, ESA, 65 rue de St Brieuc, CS 84215, 35042 Rennes, France; Université de Rennes (UNIR), UMR 6553 ECOBIO, CNRS, 263 avenue du Général Leclerc, 35042 Rennes, France
| | - Ronan Marrec
- UMR 7058 EDYSAN "Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés", CNRS, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 1 rue des Louvels, 80037 Amiens, France
| | - Léna Barascou
- Université de Rennes (UNIR), UMR 6553 ECOBIO, CNRS, 263 avenue du Général Leclerc, 35042 Rennes, France
| | - Jacques Baudry
- UMR 0980 BAGAP, INRAE, Institut Agro, ESA, 65 rue de St Brieuc, CS 84215, 35042 Rennes, France
| | - Hugues Boussard
- UMR 0980 BAGAP, INRAE, Institut Agro, ESA, 65 rue de St Brieuc, CS 84215, 35042 Rennes, France
| | - Françoise Burel
- Université de Rennes (UNIR), UMR 6553 ECOBIO, CNRS, 263 avenue du Général Leclerc, 35042 Rennes, France
| | - Aude Couty
- UMR 7058 EDYSAN "Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés", CNRS, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 1 rue des Louvels, 80037 Amiens, France
| | - Géraldine Doury
- UMR 7058 EDYSAN "Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés", CNRS, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 1 rue des Louvels, 80037 Amiens, France
| | - Charlotte Francis
- Earth and Life Institute, Ecology and Biodiversity, Université catholique de Louvain, croix-du-Sud 4-5, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Florence Hecq
- Earth and Life Institute, Ecology and Biodiversity, Université catholique de Louvain, croix-du-Sud 4-5, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Vincent Le Roux
- UMR 7058 EDYSAN "Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés", CNRS, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 1 rue des Louvels, 80037 Amiens, France
| | - Julien Pétillon
- Université de Rennes (UNIR), UMR 6553 ECOBIO, CNRS, 263 avenue du Général Leclerc, 35042 Rennes, France
| | - Fabien Spicher
- UMR 7058 EDYSAN "Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés", CNRS, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 1 rue des Louvels, 80037 Amiens, France
| | - Thierry Hance
- Earth and Life Institute, Ecology and Biodiversity, Université catholique de Louvain, croix-du-Sud 4-5, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Joan van Baaren
- Université de Rennes (UNIR), UMR 6553 ECOBIO, CNRS, 263 avenue du Général Leclerc, 35042 Rennes, France
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Not only hedgerows, but also flower fields can enhance bat activity in intensively used agricultural landscapes. Basic Appl Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2022.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
25
|
Sowa G, Bednarska AJ, Ziółkowska E, Laskowski R. Homogeneity of agriculture landscape promotes insecticide resistance in the ground beetle Poecilus cupreus. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266453. [PMID: 35472211 PMCID: PMC9041758 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The intensification of agriculture leads to increased pesticide use and significant transformation from small fields towards large-scale monocultures. This may significantly affect populations of non-target arthropods (NTA). We aimed to assess whether the multigenerational exposure to plant protection products has resulted in the evolution of resistance to insecticides in the ground beetle Poecilus cupreus originating from different agricultural landscapes. Two contrasting landscapes were selected for the study, one dominated by small and another by large fields. Within each landscape the beetles were collected at nine sites representing range of canola coverage and a variety of habitat types. Part of the collected beetles, after acclimation to laboratory conditions, were tested for sensitivity to Proteus 110 OD-the most commonly used insecticide in the studied landscapes. The rest were bred in the laboratory for two consecutive generations, and part of the beetles from each generation were also tested for sensitivity to selected insecticide. We showed that the beetles inhabiting areas with medium and large share of canola located in the landscape dominated by large fields were less sensitive to the studied insecticide. The persistence of reduced sensitivity to Proteus 110 OD for two consecutive generations indicates that either the beetles have developed resistance to the insecticide or the chronic exposure to pesticides has led to the selection of more resistant individuals naturally present in the studied populations. No increased resistance was found in the beetles from more heterogeneous landscape dominated by small fields, in which spatio-temporal diversity of crops and abundance of small, linear off-crop landscape elements may provide shelter that allows NTAs to survive without developing any, presumably costly, resistance mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Sowa
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Elżbieta Ziółkowska
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Ryszard Laskowski
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Perennial Flowering Plants Sustain Natural Enemy Populations in Gobi Desert Oases of Southern Xinjiang, China. INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13050399. [PMID: 35621735 PMCID: PMC9145401 DOI: 10.3390/insects13050399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary Natural habitats are essential providers of biological conservation services. The crucial role of the Gobi Desert, a dominant landscape of desert-oasis ecosystems in natural predator conservation is poorly understood, especially in southern Xinjiang, China’s Tarim Basin, where the Gobi Desert is directly adjacent to farmland and characterized by extremely sparse vegetation and more severe climatic conditions. In this context, we investigated the floral composition of the Gobi Desert and gauged the identity, relative abundance, and temporal dynamics of predatory insects associated with the prevailing plant species. We also explored whether certain plant traits and herbivore abundance are related to either natural enemy identity or relative abundance. Our results demonstrate that perennial flowering plants, such as Apocynum pictum (Apocynaceae), Phragmites communis (Poaceae), Karelinia caspia (Asteraceae), and Tamarix ramosissima (Tamaricaceae), are the dominant species of vegetation community in the Gobi Desert, and could sustain diversified arthropod predators, i.e., ladybeetles, spiders, and other natural enemies. This work not only informs sustainable pest management initiatives, but also shows how non-crop habitats at the periphery of agricultural fields underpin ecological resilience under adverse climatic conditions. Abstract Natural habitats play crucial roles in biodiversity conservation and shape the delivery of ecosystem services in farming landscapes. By providing diverse resources to foraging natural enemies, they can equally enhance biological pest control. In this study, we described the plant community and foliage-dwelling invertebrate predators within non-crop habitats of the Gobi Desert oases in southern Xinjiang, China. We assessed whether plant-related variables (i.e., species identity, flowering status) and herbivore abundance affect natural enemy identity and abundance. A total of 18 plant species belonging to 18 genera and 10 families were commonly encountered, with Apocynum pictum (Apocynaceae), Phragmites communis (Poaceae), Karelinia caspia (Asteraceae), and Tamarix ramosissima (Tamaricaceae) as the dominant species. Certain plant species (P. communis) primarily provide shelter, while others offer (floral, non-floral) food resources or alternative prey. Predatory ladybeetles and spiders were routinely associated with these plants and foraged extensively within adjacent field crops. Plant traits and herbivore abundance explained up to 44% (3%–44%) variation in natural enemy community and exhibited consistent, year-round effects. Among all plant species, A. pictum consistently had a significantly higher abundance of resident natural enemies, except for August 2019. Our study underlines how perennial flowering plants, such as A. pictum, are essential to sustain natural enemy communities and related ecosystem services in arid settings. This work not only informs sustainable pest management initiatives but also shows how non-crop habitats at the periphery of agricultural fields underpin ecological resilience under adverse climatic conditions.
Collapse
|
27
|
Ecological Infrastructures May Enhance Lepidopterans Predation in Irrigated Mediterranean Farmland, Depending on Their Typology and the Predator Guild. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14073874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Ecological infrastructures (EIs) are considered relevant components in agricultural landscapes to support biodiversity and ecosystem services. We used the predatory attacks on lepidopteran dummies as a proxy to assess predation rates in the agricultural matrix and different EIs types according to their location and vegetation structure. We aimed at comparing the effect of different types of EI on the predation intensity in two intensively irrigated agricultural areas located in the Sorraia and Tagus river valleys in central Portugal. We hypothesized that: (1) the predation rate would be higher near EIs compared with the agricultural matrix, (2) the positive effect of EIs on predation rate would differ with their typologies, and (3) the EIs’ proximity and proportion in the surrounding landscape would have a positive effect on the predation rate in agricultural fields. The EI typologies influenced differently the predator groups and the overall predation rate. Major differences were observed for bird predation, being higher in woody EIs. A positive correlation between predation rate and EIs area of the surrounding landscape, as well as a negative correlation with the distance to the nearest riparian and woody EIs, was observed for birds. The observed dissimilarities in the predators’ response may be related to habitat differences and its functional connectivity. The overall monthly low predation rates are possibly related to the intensive agricultural system and the small area occupied by EIs.
Collapse
|
28
|
Ratsimba N, Therond O, Parry H, Monteil C, Vialatte A. Inconsistent responses of conservation biocontrol to landscape structure: new insights from a network-based review. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2022; 32:e2456. [PMID: 34520082 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Conservation biological control (CBC) has been an active research topic for the last two decades and is now one of the key ways being explored to develop agroecological production systems. Using broad concepts and indicators, recent reviews and meta-analyses have highlighted major inconsistencies in the responses of CBC to landscape structure, revealing their context-dependent nature. To decipher these relations, we reviewed the scientific literature (50 articles) using (1) an original ontology allowing us to navigate across the different terms and concepts used in this literature and (2) a network-based methodology to describe the scattering, completeness, and generalizability of scientific knowledge on CBC. An interactive version of this network is available online. Our results highlight the strong information scattering caused by the variety of indicators used to describe both landscape structure and CBC. We observe trade-offs between the use of coarse concepts classically used in meta-analysis (e.g., landscape complexity) and the non-convergence of results (ambiguity). The network analysis points out consistently less information ambiguity when considering sub-networks focused on trophic chains than in the full information network, without losing connectance. We suggest that effects of landscape structure may be different between trophic chains because of specific selection pressures associated with cropping systems. Our novel review procedure offers a relatively simple but powerful complementary approach to classical meta-analysis to explore ecological patterns. It highlights that crop trophic chain probably represents the adequate ecological unit to investigate the landscape-CBC relationship. Designing pest suppressive landscapes while favoring farmland biodiversity will imply considering multiple crop trophic chains responding differently to landscape structure. Therefore, we recommend assessing the level of CBC at both crop field and landscape scales to inform decisions on the best individual or collective strategy to adopt.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nirina Ratsimba
- DYNAFOR, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, F-31326, Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Olivier Therond
- Université de Lorraine, UMR LAE, INRAE, F-68000, Colmar, France
| | - Hazel Parry
- CSIRO, Brisbane, Queensland, 4001, Australia
| | - Claude Monteil
- DYNAFOR, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, F-31326, Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Aude Vialatte
- DYNAFOR, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, F-31326, Castanet Tolosan, France
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Teff-Seker Y, Segre H, Eizenberg E, Orenstein DE, Shwartz A. Factors influencing farmer and resident willingness to adopt an agri-environmental scheme in Israel. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 302:114066. [PMID: 34872183 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.114066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Providing for growing food demand while minimizing environmental degradation is a major contemporary environmental challenge. Agri-environmental schemes (AESs) are often promoted to meet this challenge by providing subsidies to farmers who adopt agri-environmental practices (AEPs). The success of these schemes depends on the ability to engage farmers, thus understanding farmers' perceptions about AEPs is pivotal. Yet, current knowledge is limited as most research explores farmer's attitudes towards existing AESs, often based on subsidies. We explored the attitudes of farmers and their communities towards five different AEPs, and towards a potential AES, in an area of intensive agriculture in Israel, where currently no AES are implemented. We conducted five focus group sessions with 41 farmers, 12 follow-up interviews, and a survey with 296 community members. Findings indicate that farmers' willingness to implement AEPs was driven by environmental, personal, and social considerations, particularly perceptions of "good farming" practices, such as community cohesiveness and maintaining control of one's field. Farmers' lack of trust in the government, and lack of personal or local experience with specific AEPs, are other major barriers for joining a potential AES. Farmers perceived financial compensation as a safety net, but placed social and cultural values on par with, or above, financial considerations for joining an AES. Farmers' communities demonstrated high support for implementing AEPs, indicating that communities could be an asset for AES development. Therefore, while incentives for many AESs are based primarily on monetary compensation, to achieve their desired long-term results they should also focus on farmer resilience, independence, knowledge creation, and socio-cultural capital development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yael Teff-Seker
- Faculty of Architecture and Town Planning, Technion - Israel Insitute of Technology, Technion City, 3200003, Haifa, Israel; Department of Sociology, College of Letters and Sciences, University of California, Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis 95616, CA, USA.
| | - Hila Segre
- Faculty of Architecture and Town Planning, Technion - Israel Insitute of Technology, Technion City, 3200003, Haifa, Israel; Nature Conservation and Plant Ecology Group, Wageningen University, PO Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Efrat Eizenberg
- Faculty of Architecture and Town Planning, Technion - Israel Insitute of Technology, Technion City, 3200003, Haifa, Israel
| | - Daniel E Orenstein
- Faculty of Architecture and Town Planning, Technion - Israel Insitute of Technology, Technion City, 3200003, Haifa, Israel
| | - Assaf Shwartz
- Faculty of Architecture and Town Planning, Technion - Israel Insitute of Technology, Technion City, 3200003, Haifa, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Conservation potential of semi-natural habitats for birds in intensively-used agricultural landscapes. J Nat Conserv 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnc.2021.126124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
31
|
Time since establishment drives bee and hoverfly diversity, abundance of crop-pollinating bees and aphidophagous hoverflies in perennial wildflower strips. Basic Appl Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2021.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
32
|
Ammann L, Bosem-Baillod A, Eckerter PW, Entling MH, Albrecht M, Herzog F. Comparing floral resource maps and land cover maps to predict predators and aphid suppression on field bean. LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY 2021; 37:431-441. [PMID: 35221524 PMCID: PMC8841323 DOI: 10.1007/s10980-021-01361-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Predatory insects contribute to the natural control of agricultural pests, but also use plant pollen or nectar as supplementary food resources. Resource maps have been proposed as an alternative to land cover maps for prediction of beneficial insects. OBJECTIVES We aimed at predicting the abundance of crop pest predating insects and the pest control service they provide with both, detailed flower resource maps and land cover maps. METHODS We selected 19 landscapes of 500 m radius and mapped them with both approaches. In the centres of the landscapes, aphid predators - hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae), ladybeetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) and lacewings (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) - were surveyed in experimentally established faba bean phytometers (Vicia faba L. Var. Sutton Dwarf) and their control of introduced black bean aphids (Aphis fabae Scop.) was recorded. RESULTS Landscapes with higher proportions of forest edge as derived from land cover maps supported higher abundance of aphid predators, and high densities of aphid predators reduced aphid infestation on faba bean. Floral resource maps did not significantly predict predator abundance or aphid control services. CONCLUSIONS Land cover maps allowed to relate landscape composition with predator abundance, showing positive effects of forest edges. Floral resource maps may have failed to better predict predators because other resources such as overwintering sites or alternative prey potentially play a more important role than floral resources. More research is needed to further improve our understanding of resource requirements beyond floral resource estimations and our understanding of their role for aphid predators at the landscape scale. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10980-021-01361-0.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lolita Ammann
- Agricultural Landscapes and Biodiversity, Agroscope, Reckenholzstrasse 191, 8046 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Aliette Bosem-Baillod
- Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL), Ackerstrasse 113, 5070 Frick, Switzerland
| | - Philipp W. Eckerter
- iES Landau, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstrasse 7, 76829 Landau (Pfalz), Germany
| | - Martin H. Entling
- iES Landau, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstrasse 7, 76829 Landau (Pfalz), Germany
| | - Matthias Albrecht
- Agricultural Landscapes and Biodiversity, Agroscope, Reckenholzstrasse 191, 8046 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Felix Herzog
- Agricultural Landscapes and Biodiversity, Agroscope, Reckenholzstrasse 191, 8046 Zürich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Messelink GJ, Lambion J, Janssen A, van Rijn PCJ. Biodiversity in and around Greenhouses: Benefits and Potential Risks for Pest Management. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12100933. [PMID: 34680702 PMCID: PMC8540207 DOI: 10.3390/insects12100933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The role of plant diversity near greenhouses is heavily debated because it may have both negative and positive effects on pest control inside greenhouses. In this review, we discuss these potential risks and benefits. Although there is the risk of an increased influx of some pests and of viruses transmitted by pests, we argue that biodiversity in the adjacent environment usually has limited effects on pest abundance in greenhouses in temperate climates, as most greenhouse pests in temperate climates are of exotic origin. The main benefit of increased biodiversity near greenhouses is the immigration of natural enemies that can suppress pests inside greenhouses. An open question is how this can be promoted by specific plant communities, plant characteristics, and habitats while minimising risks. Plant biodiversity inside greenhouses can also support biological control. We summarise general methods that growers can use to enhance pest control with functional biodiversity and suggest that it is particularly important to study how biodiversity inside and outside greenhouses can be linked to enhancement of biological pest control with both released and naturally occurring species of natural enemies. Abstract One of the ecosystem services of biodiversity is the contribution to pest control through conservation and stimulation of natural enemies. However, whether plant diversity around greenhouses is beneficial or a potential risk is heavily debated. In this review, we argue that most greenhouse pests in temperate climates are of exotic origin and infest greenhouses mainly through transportation of plant material. For indigenous pests, we discuss the potential ways in which plant diversity around greenhouses can facilitate or prevent pest migrations into greenhouses. As shown in several studies, an important benefit of increased plant diversity around greenhouses is the stimulation of indigenous natural enemies that migrate to greenhouses, where they suppress both indigenous and exotic pests. How this influx can be supported by specific plant communities, plant characteristics, and habitats while minimising risks of increasing greenhouse pest densities, virus transmission, or hyperparasitism needs further studies. It also requires a better understanding of the underlying processes that link biodiversity with pest management. Inside greenhouses, plant biodiversity can also support biological control. We summarise general methods that growers can use to enhance pest control with functional biodiversity and suggest that it is particularly important to study how biodiversity inside and outside greenhouses can be linked to enhancement of biological pest control with both released and naturally occurring species of natural enemies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gerben J. Messelink
- BU Greenhouse Horticulture, Wageningen Research, Violierenweg 1, 2665 MV Bleiswijk, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Correspondence:
| | - Jérôme Lambion
- Groupe de Recherche and Agriculture Biologique (GRAB), Maison de la Bio 255, Chemin de la Castelette, 84911 Avignon, France;
| | - Arne Janssen
- IBED, Department Evolutionary and Population Biology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (A.J.); (P.C.J.v.R.)
- Department of Entomology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Paul C. J. van Rijn
- IBED, Department Evolutionary and Population Biology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (A.J.); (P.C.J.v.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Raatz L, Pirhofer Walzl K, Müller MEH, Scherber C, Joshi J. Who is the culprit: Is pest infestation responsible for crop yield losses close to semi-natural habitats? Ecol Evol 2021; 11:13232-13246. [PMID: 34646465 PMCID: PMC8495789 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Semi-natural habitats (SNHs) are becoming increasingly scarce in modern agricultural landscapes. This may reduce natural ecosystem services such as pest control with its putatively positive effect on crop production. In agreement with other studies, we recently reported wheat yield reductions at field borders which were linked to the type of SNH and the distance to the border. In this experimental landscape-wide study, we asked whether these yield losses have a biotic origin while analyzing fungal seed and fungal leaf pathogens, herbivory of cereal leaf beetles, and weed cover as hypothesized mediators between SNHs and yield. We established experimental winter wheat plots of a single variety within conventionally managed wheat fields at fixed distances either to a hedgerow or to an in-field kettle hole. For each plot, we recorded the fungal infection rate on seeds, fungal infection and herbivory rates on leaves, and weed cover. Using several generalized linear mixed-effects models as well as a structural equation model, we tested the effects of SNHs at a field scale (SNH type and distance to SNH) and at a landscape scale (percentage and diversity of SNHs within a 1000-m radius). In the dry year of 2016, we detected one putative biotic culprit: Weed cover was negatively associated with yield values at a 1-m and 5-m distance from the field border with a SNH. None of the fungal and insect pests, however, significantly affected yield, neither solely nor depending on type of or distance to a SNH. However, the pest groups themselves responded differently to SNH at the field scale and at the landscape scale. Our findings highlight that crop losses at field borders may be caused by biotic culprits; however, their negative impact seems weak and is putatively reduced by conventional farming practices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Raatz
- Institute of Biochemistry and BiologyUniversität PotsdamUniversität PotsdamPotsdamGermany
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF) e.VMünchebergGermany
| | - Karin Pirhofer Walzl
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF) e.VMünchebergGermany
- Institute at Brown for Environment and SocietyBrown UniversityProvidenceRIUSA
- Berlin‐Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB)BerlinGermany
- Institute of BiologyFreie Universität BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Marina E. H. Müller
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF) e.VMünchebergGermany
- Berlin‐Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB)BerlinGermany
| | - Christoph Scherber
- Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig (ZFMK)Centre for Biodiversity MonitoringBonnGermany
| | - Jasmin Joshi
- Berlin‐Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB)BerlinGermany
- Institute for Landscape and Open SpaceEastern Switzerland University of Applied SciencesJona‐RapperswilSwitzerland
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Bowers C, Toews MD, Schmidt JM. Winter cover crops shape early‐season predator communities and trophic interactions. Ecosphere 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Carson Bowers
- Department of Entomology University of Georgia Tifton Georgia 31793 USA
| | - Michael D. Toews
- Department of Entomology University of Georgia Tifton Georgia 31793 USA
| | - Jason M. Schmidt
- Department of Entomology University of Georgia Tifton Georgia 31793 USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Janssen A, van Rijn PCJ. Pesticides do not significantly reduce arthropod pest densities in the presence of natural enemies. Ecol Lett 2021; 24:2010-2024. [PMID: 34160871 PMCID: PMC8453990 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Chemical pesticides remain the main agents for control of arthropod crop pests despite increased concern for their side effects. Although chemical pesticide applications generally result in short-term decreases of pest densities, densities can subsequently resurge to higher levels than before. Thus, pesticide effects on pest densities beyond a single pest generation may vary, but they have not been reviewed in a systematic manner. Using mathematical predator-prey models, we show that pest resurgence is expected when effective natural enemies are present, even when they are less sensitive to pesticides than the pest. Model simulations over multiple pest generations predict that pest resurgence due to pesticide applications will increase average pest densities throughout a growing season when effective natural enemies are present. We tested this prediction with a meta-analysis of published data of field experiments that compared effects of chemical control of arthropod plant pests in the presence and absence of natural enemies. This largely confirmed our prediction: overall, pesticide applications did not reduce pest densities significantly when natural enemies were present, which concerned the vast majority of cases. We also show that long-term pesticide effectiveness is underreported and suggest that pest control by natural enemies deserves more attention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arne Janssen
- Department of Evolutionary and Population Biology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Entomology, Federal University of Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Paul C J van Rijn
- Department of Evolutionary and Population Biology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Feit B, Blüthgen N, Daouti E, Straub C, Traugott M, Jonsson M. Landscape complexity promotes resilience of biological pest control to climate change. Proc Biol Sci 2021; 288:20210547. [PMID: 34034522 PMCID: PMC8150070 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2021.0547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased climate variability as a result of anthropogenic climate change can threaten the functioning of ecosystem services. However, diverse responses to climate change among species (response diversity) can provide ecosystems with resilience to this growing threat. Measuring and managing response diversity and resilience to global change are key ecological challenges. Here, we develop a novel index of climate resilience of ecosystem services, exemplified by the thermal resilience of predator communities providing biological pest control. Field assays revealed substantial differences in the temperature-dependent activity of predator species and indices of thermal resilience varied among predator communities occupying different fields. Predator assemblages with higher thermal resilience provided more stable pest control in microcosms where the temperature was experimentally varied, confirming that the index of thermal resilience developed here is linked to predator function. Importantly, complex landscapes containing a high number of non-crop habitat patches were more likely to contain predator communities with high thermal resilience. Thus, the conservation and restoration of non-crop habitats in agricultural landscapes-practices known to strengthen natural pest suppression under current conditions-will also confer resilience in ecosystem service provisioning to climate change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Feit
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 75751 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Nico Blüthgen
- Ecological Networks, Department of Biology, Technical University of Darmstadt, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Eirini Daouti
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 75751 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Cory Straub
- Department of Biology, Ursinus College, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Michael Traugott
- Mountain Agriculture Research Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Mattias Jonsson
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 75751 Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Nilsson L, Klatt BK, Smith HG. Effects of Flower-Enriched Ecological Focus Areas on Functional Diversity Across Scales. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.629124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ecological Focus Areas (EFAs) to benefit biodiversity became mandatory in intensively farmed landscapes after the reform of the European Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) in 2013. The implementation of EFAs as uncropped field margins has been criticized as ineffective but created a window of opportunity to test if augmenting them with annual flower strips can benefit biodiversity. In this study, we investigated if annual flower strips on EFAs benefited functional biodiversity in intensively farmed landscapes. To this end we established eleven annual flower strips with a seed mixture targeted for both natural enemies and pollinators, on areas were farmers had planned for EFAs. We determined effects on aphids and their natural enemies in cereal fields close to six of the flower strips, and for solitary bees and wasp close to and in the surroundings of all eleven flower strips. We found that annual flower strips benefited the abundance of hoverfly larvae and possibly also that of solitary bees. However, there were neither any significant effects on natural enemies (other than hoverfly larvae), nor any difference in natural pest control as shown by lack of differences in aphid numbers and parazitation rates. Abundances of solitary bees and wasps in the surrounding landscapes were unaffected, although there was a tendency for more solitary bee cells closer to the strips. We suggest that the critical issue leading to the mostly negative results is the lack of permanent structures to sustain populations of arthropods that in turn can benefit from annual flower strips. Hence, future agri-environmental policies need to carefully consider if and how annual agri-environmental measures should be implemented in intensively managed agricultural landscapes, e.g., by combining them with more permanent structures.
Collapse
|
39
|
Maas B, Brandl M, Hussain RI, Frank T, Zulka KP, Rabl D, Walcher R, Moser D. Functional traits driving pollinator and predator responses to newly established grassland strips in agricultural landscapes. J Appl Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bea Maas
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research University of Vienna Vienna Austria
- Institute of Zoology University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU) Vienna Austria
| | - Manuela Brandl
- Institute of Zoology University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU) Vienna Austria
| | - Raja Imran Hussain
- Institute of Zoology University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU) Vienna Austria
| | - Thomas Frank
- Institute of Zoology University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU) Vienna Austria
| | - Klaus Peter Zulka
- Team Biodiversity and Nature Conservation Environment Agency Austria Vienna Austria
- Unit for Integrative Zoology Department of Evolutionary Biology University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Dominik Rabl
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research University of Vienna Vienna Austria
- Institute of Zoology University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU) Vienna Austria
- Biocenter Field Station Fabrikschleichach University of Würzburg Rauhenebrach Germany
| | - Ronnie Walcher
- Institute of Zoology University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU) Vienna Austria
| | - Dietmar Moser
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Petit S, Deytieux V, Cordeau S. Landscape-scale approaches for enhancing biological pest control in agricultural systems. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2021; 193:75. [PMID: 33988768 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-020-08812-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decades, land management options have been investigated that aim at enhancing services to agriculture delivered by biodiversity and its associated biotic interactions. Such services can be promoted through land management strategies ranging from in-field single agricultural practices, long-term strategies compiling these agricultural practices at the crop rotation scale, to management strategies at the landscape scale. In this paper, we provide an overview of the land management options that can be implemented at multiple scales, with a specific focus on the provision of one service that is key in agriculture, i.e. pest control. We present existing knowledge and highlight current gaps and limitations in our understanding of pest control response to land management. Based on this analysis, we propose two promising and complementary research approaches that could help filling existing knowledge gaps and provide guidelines for designing landscapes for agroecological services: (1) landscape monitoring networks (LMN), based on long-term monitoring of ecological and managerial processes within sets of landscapes located in contrasted production contexts; (2) agroecological system experiments (ASE), which design and assess combinations of land management options at multiple embedded spatial scales.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Petit
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRAE, Univ. Bourgogne, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000, Dijon, France.
| | - Violaine Deytieux
- INRAE, UE115 Domaine Expérimental d'Epoisses, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Stéphane Cordeau
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRAE, Univ. Bourgogne, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000, Dijon, France
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Skarbek CJ, Ebeling A, Meyer ST, Schulze C, Sepperl A, Pufal G. Testing a highly replicable and standardized method to rapidly assess seed removal probabilities. Basic Appl Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2021.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
42
|
Johnson AC, Liu J, Reynolds O, Furlong MJ, Mo J, Rizvi S, Gurr GM. Conservation biological control research is strongly uneven across trophic levels and economic measures. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:2165-2169. [PMID: 33159375 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Conservation biological control suppresses pests by promoting established rather than inoculative or mass released natural enemies. Research in this approach has expanded rapidly this century but uptake remains limited. Why? Most of the 150 peer reviewed papers reporting field experiments include results on natural enemies and/or pests. Only a minority report effects on crop damage levels or yield, and very few consider economic consequences. This is despite evidence for potential benefits across this full spectrum of response variables. We argue that the limited scope of work to date constrains the development of a compelling evidence base to demonstrate the field effectiveness of conservation biological control, hampering its uptake so encourage researchers to include the assessment of economic impact in future studies of conservation biological control. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne C Johnson
- Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation (Charles Sturt University and New South Wales Department of Primary Industries), Orange, NSW, Australia
| | - Jian Liu
- Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation (Charles Sturt University and New South Wales Department of Primary Industries), Orange, NSW, Australia
| | - Olivia Reynolds
- Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation (Charles Sturt University and New South Wales Department of Primary Industries), Orange, NSW, Australia
- Cesar Pty Ltd, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, China
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Michael J Furlong
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Jianhua Mo
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Yanco, NSW, Australia
| | - Syed Rizvi
- Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation (Charles Sturt University and New South Wales Department of Primary Industries), Orange, NSW, Australia
- School of Agricultural and Wine Sciences, Faculty of Science, Charles Sturt University, Orange, NSW, Australia
| | - Geoff M Gurr
- Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation (Charles Sturt University and New South Wales Department of Primary Industries), Orange, NSW, Australia
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, China
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- School of Agricultural and Wine Sciences, Faculty of Science, Charles Sturt University, Orange, NSW, Australia
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Clem CS, Harmon-Threatt AN. Field Borders Provide Winter Refuge for Beneficial Predators and Parasitoids: A Case Study on Organic Farms. JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2021; 21:6272550. [PMID: 33964162 PMCID: PMC8106474 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/ieab027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Semi-natural field borders are frequently used in midwestern U.S. sustainable agriculture. These habitats are meant to help diversify otherwise monocultural landscapes and provision them with ecosystem services, including biological control. Predatory and parasitic arthropods (i.e., potential natural enemies) often flourish in these habitats and may move into crops to help control pests. However, detailed information on the capacity of semi-natural field borders for providing overwintering refuge for these arthropods is poorly understood. In this study, we used soil emergence tents to characterize potential natural enemy communities (i.e., predacious beetles, wasps, spiders, and other arthropods) overwintering in cultivated organic crop fields and adjacent field borders. We found a greater abundance, species richness, and unique community composition of predatory and parasitic arthropods in field borders compared to arable crop fields, which were generally poorly suited as overwintering habitat. Furthermore, potential natural enemies tended to be positively associated with forb cover and negatively associated with grass cover, suggesting that grassy field borders with less forb cover are less well-suited as winter refugia. These results demonstrate that semi-natural habitats like field borders may act as a source for many natural enemies on a year-to-year basis and are important for conserving arthropod diversity in agricultural landscapes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Scott Clem
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 320 Morrill Hall, 505 S. Goodwin Ave., Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Alexandra N Harmon-Threatt
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 320 Morrill Hall, 505 S. Goodwin Ave., Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Predation on Drosophila suzukii within Hedges in the Agricultural Landscape. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12040305. [PMID: 33808276 PMCID: PMC8067151 DOI: 10.3390/insects12040305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Drosophila suzukii is an invasive species that feeds and reproduces on various cultivated and wild fruits and moves between agricultural and semi-natural habitats, such as hedges and forest patches. These semi-natural habitats are known to harbor a diverse community of natural enemies of pests. When we exposed D. suzukii pupae in dry and humid hedges, we found that on average 44% of them were predated within four days. The most common predators in the hedges were earwigs, spiders, and ants. Using a molecular assay that detects the DNA of D. suzukii in the gut of predators, we could show that 3.4% of the sampled earwigs, 1.8% of the spiders, and one predatory bug had fed on D. suzukii. This small proportion may be due to methodological constraints. However, the overall predation rate helps to reduce D. suzukii populations, in particular in hedges that are scarce of host fruits. Abstract The invasive Drosophila suzukii feeds and reproduces on various cultivated and wild fruits and moves between agricultural and semi-natural habitats. Hedges in agricultural landscapes play a vital role in the population development of D. suzukii, but also harbor a diverse community of natural enemies. We investigated predation by repeatedly exposing cohorts of D. suzukii pupae between June and October in dry and humid hedges at five different locations in Switzerland. We sampled predator communities and analyzed their gut content for the presence of D. suzukii DNA based on the COI marker. On average, 44% of the exposed pupae were predated. Predation was higher in dry than humid hedges, but did not differ significantly between pupae exposed on the ground or on branches and among sampling periods. Earwigs, spiders, and ants were the dominant predators. Predator communities did not vary significantly between hedge types or sampling periods. DNA of D. suzukii was detected in 3.4% of the earwigs, 1.8% of the spiders, and in one predatory bug (1.6%). While the molecular gut content analysis detected only a small proportion of predators that had fed on D. suzukii, overall predation seemed sufficient to reduce D. suzukii populations, in particular in hedges that provide few host fruit resources.
Collapse
|
45
|
Boetzl FA, Krauss J, Heinze J, Hoffmann H, Juffa J, König S, Krimmer E, Prante M, Martin EA, Holzschuh A, Steffan-Dewenter I. A multitaxa assessment of the effectiveness of agri-environmental schemes for biodiversity management. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2016038118. [PMID: 33649216 PMCID: PMC7958248 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2016038118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Agri-environmental schemes (AES) aim to restore biodiversity and biodiversity-mediated ecosystem services in landscapes impoverished by modern agriculture. However, a systematic, empirical evaluation of different AES types across multiple taxa and functional groups is missing. Within one orthogonal design, we studied sown flowering AES types with different temporal continuity, size, and landscape context and used calcareous grasslands as seminatural reference habitat. We measured species richness of 12 taxonomic groups (vascular plants, cicadas, orthopterans, bees, butterflies, moths, hoverflies, flower visiting beetles, parasitoid wasps, carabid beetles, staphylinid beetles, and birds) representing 5 trophic levels. A total of 54,955 specimens were identified using traditional taxonomic methods, and bulk arthropod samples were identified through DNA metabarcoding, resulting in a total of 1,077 and 2,110 taxa, respectively. Species richness of most taxonomic groups, as well as multidiversity and richness of pollinators, increased with temporal continuity of AES types. Some groups responded to size and landscape context, but multidiversity and richness of pollinators and natural enemies were not affected. AES flowering fields supported different species assemblages than calcareous grasslands, but assemblages became more similar to those in seminatural grasslands with increasing temporal continuity. Our results indicate that AES flowering fields and seminatural grasslands function synergistically. Flowering fields support biodiversity even when they are relatively small and in landscapes with few remaining seminatural habitats. We therefore recommend a network of smaller, temporally continuous AES flowering fields of different ages, combined with permanent seminatural grasslands, to maximize benefits for biodiversity conservation and ecosystem service delivery in agricultural landscapes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian A Boetzl
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany;
| | - Jochen Krauss
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jonathan Heinze
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Hannes Hoffmann
- Department of Landscape Ecology, Institute for Natural Resource Conservation, University of Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Jan Juffa
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian König
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Elena Krimmer
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Maren Prante
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Emily A Martin
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Zoological Biodiversity, Institute of Geobotany, Leibniz University of Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Andrea Holzschuh
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ingolf Steffan-Dewenter
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Rowen EK, Tooker JF. Ground Predator Activity-Density and Predation Rates Are Weakly Supported by Dry-Stack Cow Manure and Wheat Cover Crops in No-Till Maize. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 50:46-57. [PMID: 33210703 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvaa136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Because it keeps land in production, conservation programs that focus on in-field habitat manipulations may help farmers better support predators than by building predator habitat around fields. We investigated two in-field habitat manipulations that benefit producers and soil quality: fertilizing with dry-stack cow manure and planting a wheat cover crop. We hypothesized that, compared with inorganic fertilizer and fallow plots, both treatments augment habitat and residue and support more small arthropods that can serve as alternative prey for larger predators. As a result, we expected manure and the cover crop to increase ground-active predators. In turn, these predators could provide biological control of pests. Each year in a 3-yr field experiment, we applied manure and in 2 yr planted a wheat cover crop. We found that both planting a cover crop and applying dry-stack manure increased the plant cover in May. In the last year, this translated to greater soil mite (Acari) density. At the end of the experiment, however, neither manure nor the wheat cover crop had increased residue on the soil surface. As a result, our treatments had inconsistent effects on predator activity-density, especially for carabids and spiders. We observed strong edge effects from neighboring grass alleys on carabid activity-density. Regardless of treatment, we observed high predation of sentinel prey. We conclude that even without cover crops or organic fertilizer, the stability of no-till maize and increased weeds in fallow treatments generate sufficient habitat complexity and alternative prey to support robust predator communities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth K Rowen
- Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
| | - John F Tooker
- Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Sustainable Management Methods of Orchard Insect Pests. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12010080. [PMID: 33477409 PMCID: PMC7830612 DOI: 10.3390/insects12010080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
48
|
Jeanneret P, Aviron S, Alignier A, Lavigne C, Helfenstein J, Herzog F, Kay S, Petit S. Agroecology landscapes. LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY 2021; 36:2235-2257. [PMID: 34219965 PMCID: PMC8233588 DOI: 10.1007/s10980-021-01248-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Agroecology combines agronomic and ecological concepts. It relies on the enhancement of biodiversity and related ecosystem services to support agricultural production. It is dependent on biological interactions for the design and management of agricultural systems in agricultural landscapes. OBJECTIVES We review the role of landscape ecology to understand and promote biodiversity, pest regulation and crop pollination for the designing of "agroecology landscapes". We illustrate the use of landscape ecological methods for supporting agroforestry systems as an example of agroecological development, and we propose pathways to implement agroecology at landscape scale. METHODS The state of the art of how landscape ecology contributes to agroecology development is summarized based on a literature review. RESULTS Agroecology requires thinking beyond the field scale to consider the positioning, quality and connectivity of fields and semi-natural habitats at larger spatial scales. The spatial and temporal organisation of semi-natural elements and the crop mosaic interact. Understanding this interaction is the pre-requisite for promoting patterns and mechanisms that foster biodiversity and ecosystem service provision. Promoting agroecological practices beyond individual farm borders can be rooted in a bottom-up approach from agroecological lighthouse farms to farm networks to amplify agroecology adoption at the landscape scale. CONCLUSIONS Achieving agricultural landscapes composed of fields and farms following agroecological management requires understanding of biodiversity patterns, biological interactions and mechanisms that determine and boost ecosystem functioning to improve services at landscape scale, involving farmers in a bottom-up and context-specific approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ph. Jeanneret
- Department of Agroecology and Environment, Agroscope, 8046 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - S. Aviron
- UMR BAGAP, INRAE - Institut Agro-Agrocampus Ouest - ESA, 35042 Rennes, France
| | - A. Alignier
- UMR BAGAP, INRAE - Institut Agro-Agrocampus Ouest - ESA, 35042 Rennes, France
| | | | - J. Helfenstein
- Department of Agroecology and Environment, Agroscope, 8046 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - F. Herzog
- Department of Agroecology and Environment, Agroscope, 8046 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - S. Kay
- Department of Agroecology and Environment, Agroscope, 8046 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - S. Petit
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRAE, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Tittonell P, Piñeiro G, Garibaldi LA, Dogliotti S, Olff H, Jobbagy EG. Agroecology in Large Scale Farming—A Research Agenda. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2020.584605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Agroecology promises a third way between common global agriculture tradeoffs such as food production and nature conservation, environmental sustainability and ecosystem services. However, most successful examples of mainstreaming agroecology come from smallholder, family agriculture, that represents only about 30% of the world agricultural area. Mainstreaming agroecology among large scale farmers is urgently needed, but it requires addressing specific questions in research, technology and policy development to support sustainable transitions. Here we take stock of the existing knowledge on some key aspects necessary to support agroecological transitions in large scale farming, considering two contrasting starting points: highly subsidized and heavily taxed agricultural contexts, represented here by the examples of Western Europe and temperate South America. We summarize existing knowledge and gaps around service crops, arthropod-mediated functions, landscape and watershed regulation, graze-based livestock, nature-inclusive landscapes, and policy mechanisms to support transitions. We propose a research agenda for agroecology in large scale farming organized in five domains: (i) Breeding for diversity, (ii) Scalable complexity, (iii) Managing cycles beyond fields and farms, (iv) Sharing the cultivated landscape, and (v) Co-innovation with farmers, value chains and policy makers. Agroecology may result in a renewed impetus in large scale farming, to attract the youth, foster clean technological innovation, and to promote a new generation of large-scale farmers that take pride in contributing to feeding the world while serving the planet and its people.
Collapse
|
50
|
An agro-environmental mowing regime favors the number of inflorescences and flower-visiting insects but not ground beetles of herbaceous boundaries of arable fields. Basic Appl Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2020.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
|