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Chibli LA, de Lima BR, Carneiro AM, Figueiró HC, Cicek SS, Spiegler V, Funari CS. Toward a More Sustainable Sample Preparation in Phytochemistry: Case Studies in Four Subclasses of Alkaloids. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2024; 87:470-479. [PMID: 38381880 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.3c01048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
The fact that alkaloids are bases has been the most explored chemical feature of their extraction and purification procedures. The main drawback of these procedures is that they employ undesirable chemicals, with HCl and CH2Cl2 probably being the most commonly employed chemicals in their subsequent steps. This work tested the hypothesis that advantages in recovery efficiency support this common practice. Experiments were conducted in three laboratories, monitoring the alkaloids harmine (1), boldine (2), vincamine (3), and mescaline (4) extracted from Banisteriopsis caapi, Peumus boldus, Vinca minor, and Trichocereus macrogonus var. pachanoi, respectively. The research demonstrated that HCl could be replaced with citric acid (CA) without loss or even better extraction performance. The recommended EtOAc could completely replace CH2Cl2 in three out of four study cases and partially in the fourth case without harming the extraction efficiency. In addition, the alternative solvents tert-amyl methyl ether (TAME) and n-butyl acetate (BuOAc) could enhance the extraction of alkaloids. These results might incentivize natural products laboratories to consider sustainability more routinely, thus being closer to current practices in the pharmaceutical industry, which has been replacing solvents and processes with greener ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Apolinário Chibli
- Green Biotech Network, School of Agricultural Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 18610-034 Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Bruna Ribeiro de Lima
- Green Biotech Network, School of Agricultural Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 18610-034 Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Ariadne Magalhães Carneiro
- Green Biotech Network, School of Agricultural Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 18610-034 Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Harley Cardoso Figueiró
- Green Biotech Network, School of Agricultural Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 18610-034 Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Serhat Sezai Cicek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Kiel University, Gutenbergstrase 76, 24118 Kiel, Germany
- Department of Biotechnology, Hamburg University of Applied Sciences, Ulmentliet 20, 21033 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Verena Spiegler
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Cristiano Soleo Funari
- Green Biotech Network, School of Agricultural Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 18610-034 Botucatu, Brazil
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Ma JT, Xia S, Zhang BK, Luo F, Guo L, Yang Y, Gong H, Yan M. The pharmacology and mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine in promoting liver regeneration: A new therapeutic option. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 116:154893. [PMID: 37236047 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The liver is renowned for its remarkable regenerative capacity to restore its structure, size and function after various types of liver injury. However, in patients with end-stage liver disease, the regenerative capacity is inhibited and liver transplantation is the only option. Considering the limitations of liver transplantation, promoting liver regeneration is suggested as a new therapeutic strategy for liver disease. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has a long history of preventing and treating various liver diseases, and some of them have been proven to be effective in promoting liver regeneration, suggesting the therapeutic potential in liver diseases. PURPOSE This review aims to summarize the molecular mechanisms of liver regeneration and the pro-regenerative activity and mechanism of TCM formulas, extracts and active ingredients. METHODS We conducted a systematic search in PubMed, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library databases using "TCM", "liver regeneration" or their synonyms as keywords, and classified and summarized the retrieved literature. The PRISMA guidelines were followed. RESULTS Forty-one research articles met the themes of this review and previous critical studies were also reviewed to provide essential background information. Current evidences indicate that various TCM formulas, extracts and active ingredients have the effect on stimulating liver regeneration through modulating JAK/STAT, Hippo, PI3K/Akt and other signaling pathways. Besides, the mechanisms of liver regeneration, the limitation of existing studies and the application prospect of TCM to promote liver regeneration are also outlined and discussed in this review. CONCLUSION This review supports TCM as new potential therapeutic options for promoting liver regeneration and repair of the failing liver, although extensive pharmacokinetic and toxicological studies, as well as elaborate clinical trials, are still needed to demonstrate safety and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Ting Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China; International Research Center for Precision Medicine, Transformative Technology and Software Services, Changsha, China
| | - Shuang Xia
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China; International Research Center for Precision Medicine, Transformative Technology and Software Services, Changsha, China
| | - Bi-Kui Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China; International Research Center for Precision Medicine, Transformative Technology and Software Services, Changsha, China
| | - Fen Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China; International Research Center for Precision Medicine, Transformative Technology and Software Services, Changsha, China
| | - Lin Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China; International Research Center for Precision Medicine, Transformative Technology and Software Services, Changsha, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China; International Research Center for Precision Medicine, Transformative Technology and Software Services, Changsha, China
| | - Hui Gong
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China; International Research Center for Precision Medicine, Transformative Technology and Software Services, Changsha, China.
| | - Miao Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China; International Research Center for Precision Medicine, Transformative Technology and Software Services, Changsha, China.
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Shuker E, Farhood M, Al-Qudaihi G, Fouad D. Potential Effects of Boldine on Oxidative Stress, Apoptosis, and Inflammatory Changes Induced by the Methylprednisolone Hepatotoxicity in Male Wistar Rats. Dose Response 2022; 20:15593258221082877. [PMID: 35360456 PMCID: PMC8961387 DOI: 10.1177/15593258221082877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Synthetic glucocorticoid therapeutic agent methylprednisolone (MPL), when used for an extended period of time at high dose, promotes the development of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced liver toxicity. This study investigated the role of boldine, a natural antioxidant with anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory properties, against MPL-induced hepatoxicity in male Wistar rats. Methods 120 rats were divided into eight equal groups: G1 (control), G2, 3, and 4 (rats orally administered 5, 10, and 50 mg boldine/kg b.w./day; respectively, for 28 days), G5 (rats intramuscularly injected with 100 mg MPL/kg b.w. only on the last three days), G6, 7, and 8 (rats administered boldine + MPL). After the last MPL injection, rats were sacrificed at intervals of 1, 24, and 48 h. Results There was a significant decrease in WBCs, RBCs count, and HGB levels, as well as an increase in PLT count, ALT, AST, TG, and LDL levels, and a decrease in HDL level in serum. Oxidative stress markers levels increased at all times, and gene expression of antioxidant enzymes increased at 24h. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that cytochrome c levels significantly increased after MPL treatment. The COMET assay revealed detectable DNA lesions. There was no immune reactivity of IL-6 expressions as an inflammatory response marker. Conclusions Oral administration of boldine has a modulatory protective, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic effect against free radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esraa Shuker
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manal Farhood
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghofran Al-Qudaihi
- Environmental Health Program, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dalia Fouad
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, EinHelwan, Egypt
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Otero C, Miranda-Rojas S, Llancalahuén FM, Fuentes JA, Atala C, González-Silva G, Verdugo D, Sierra-Rosales P, Moreno A, Gordillo-Fuenzalida F. Biochemical characterization of Peumus boldus fruits: Insights of its antioxidant properties through a theoretical approach. Food Chem 2022; 370:131012. [PMID: 34500293 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Peumus boldus is an endemic tree species from Chile whose leaves have been the focus of study for decades given that their infusions are reported to relieve rheumatic symptoms, headache, dyspepsia, urinary tract inflammation, and symptoms of other illnesses. These health properties have been studied mainly using leaves and bark, then it is relevant to know more about these properties in different parts of the plant. Considering the importance of P. boldus fruits in the diet of some rural populations, we analyzed their properties to explore its impact on the Chilean population health. Liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry analysis confirmed the presence of alkaloids such as boldine, although aporphine N-methyl-laurotetanine was the most abundant. In addition, flavonoids catechin, chrysin and quercetin were also found in the extract. Cytotoxicity and anti-inflammatory activities of the fruit extract were invitro tested by using a murine macrophage cell model, observing that a diluted fraction of the extract was not cytotoxic, but showed anti-inflammatory activity, which is likely attributed to antioxidants activities. By means of quantum chemical calculations, we calculated the redox potential of the respective alkaloids and flavonoids found in the extract. Results suggest a synergistic effect between alkaloids and flavonoids, where boldine and N-methyl-laurotetanine showed similar antioxidant properties. Finally, we present a description of the oxidation mechanisms for both groups of molecules which will sustain P. boldus fruit biological properties, in order to give this kind of fruits scientific value focusing on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Otero
- Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andres Bello, República 252, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sebastián Miranda-Rojas
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello, Av. República 275, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe M Llancalahuén
- Laboratorio de Patofisiología Integrativa, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370186, Chile; Núcleo Milenio de Enfermedades Asociadas a Canales Iónicos (MiNICAD), Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Juan A Fuentes
- Laboratorio de Genética y Patogénesis Bacteriana, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristian Atala
- Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Campus Curauma, Avenida Universidad 330, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Gloria González-Silva
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Aplicada, Centro de Biotecnología de los Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Católica del Maule, Avda. San Miguel 3605, Talca, Chile
| | - Diego Verdugo
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Aplicada, Centro de Biotecnología de los Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Católica del Maule, Avda. San Miguel 3605, Talca, Chile
| | - Paulina Sierra-Rosales
- Programa Institucional de Fomento a la Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación, Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Ignacio Valdivieso 2409, P.O Box 8940577, San Joaquín, Santiago, Chile
| | - Adrián Moreno
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andres Bello, República 217, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe Gordillo-Fuenzalida
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Aplicada, Centro de Biotecnología de los Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Católica del Maule, Avda. San Miguel 3605, Talca, Chile.
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Lanuza F, Zamora-Ros R, Petermann-Rocha F, Martínez-Sanguinetti MA, Troncoso-Pantoja C, Labraña AM, Leiva-Ordoñez AM, Nazar G, Ramírez-Alarcón K, Ulloa N, Lasserre-Laso N, Parra-Soto S, Martorell M, Villagrán M, Garcia-Diaz DF, Andrés-Lacueva C, Celis-Morales C. Advances in Polyphenol Research from Chile: A Literature Review. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2021.2009508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F Lanuza
- Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomics Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, Food Technology Reference Net (XaRTA), Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA), Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Epidemiología Cardiovascular y Nutricional (EPICYN), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - R Zamora-Ros
- Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomics Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, Food Technology Reference Net (XaRTA), Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA), Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - F Petermann-Rocha
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - C Troncoso-Pantoja
- Centro de Investigación en Educación y Desarrollo (CIEDE-UCSC), Departamento de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - AM Labraña
- Departamento de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - AM Leiva-Ordoñez
- Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - G Nazar
- Departamento de Psicología, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, y Centro de Vida Saludable. Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - K Ramírez-Alarcón
- Departamento de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - N Ulloa
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, Facultad de Farmacia, y Centro de Vida Saludable, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - N Lasserre-Laso
- Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Santo Tomás, Los Ángeles, Chile
| | - S Parra-Soto
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - M Martorell
- Departamento de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - M Villagrán
- Department of Basic Science, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - DF Garcia-Diaz
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Chile, Independencia, 1027 Santiago, Chile
| | - C Andrés-Lacueva
- Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomics Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, Food Technology Reference Net (XaRTA), Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA), Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Celis-Morales
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Centro de Investigación en Fisiología del Ejercicio (CIFE), Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
- Laboratorio de Rendimiento Humano, Grupo de Estudio en Educación, Actividad Física y Salud (GEEAFyS), Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
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The use of herbal medicines and conventional drugs by individuals with cerebral palsy and the risk of interactions. J Herb Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2021.100500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Boeing T, Mariano LNB, Dos Santos AC, Tolentino B, Vargas AC, de Souza P, Nesello LAN, da Silva LM. Gastroprotective effect of the alkaloid boldine: Involvement of non-protein sulfhydryl groups, prostanoids and reduction on oxidative stress. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 327:109166. [PMID: 32531310 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Boldine is the main alkaloid of Peumus boldus Molina, widely used in the traditional medicine for the treatment of digestive disorders. It is a compound with excellent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties already described. Despite the widespread use of P. boldus for digestive disorders treatment, the gastroprotective effect of Boldine remains unknown. Considering the need for new approaches to treat gastric ulcers with fewer side effects than current therapy, this study aimed to investigate the gastroprotective effect of Boldine in mice, as well as the mechanisms underlying this effect. The gastroprotective effect of Boldine was evaluated on gastric ulcer induced by 60% ethanol/0.3 M HCl or indomethacin (100 mg/kg) in mice. Histological analysis and the mucin-like glycoprotein content were evaluated in ethanol-ulcerated tissue, as well as, oxidative stress and inflammatory parameters. The mechanisms involved in the effect of Boldine were evaluated by pretreating mice with NEM (a sulfhydryl group chelator, 10 mg/kg, i.p.), l-NAME (a non-selective nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, 70 mg/kg, i.p.), yohimbine (an alpha-adrenergic receptor antagonist, 2 mg/kg, i.p.) and indomethacin (a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, 10 mg/kg, i.p.). In addition, the in vitro effect of Boldine on H+/K+-ATPase activity was determined. Boldine was able to protect gastric mucosa against the damage induced by ethanol/HCl and indomethacin, as evidenced by reduced lesion area and histological analysis. Moreover, the alkaloid reduced oxidative stress and inflammatory mediators in ethanol-ulcerated tissue, beyond has increased mucin-like glycoprotein amount. Finally, Boldine effect is dependent on non-protein sulfhydryl groups and prostanoids but does not involve the inhibition of H+/K + -ATPase activity, being a promising natural resource for gastric ulcer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaise Boeing
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences (PPGCF), Nucleus of Chemical-Pharmaceutical Investigations (NIQFAR), University of Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí, SC, Brazil.
| | - Luisa Natália Bolda Mariano
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences (PPGCF), Nucleus of Chemical-Pharmaceutical Investigations (NIQFAR), University of Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí, SC, Brazil
| | - Ana Caroline Dos Santos
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences (PPGCF), Nucleus of Chemical-Pharmaceutical Investigations (NIQFAR), University of Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí, SC, Brazil
| | - Bianca Tolentino
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences (PPGCF), Nucleus of Chemical-Pharmaceutical Investigations (NIQFAR), University of Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí, SC, Brazil
| | - Angela Cadorin Vargas
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences (PPGCF), Nucleus of Chemical-Pharmaceutical Investigations (NIQFAR), University of Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí, SC, Brazil
| | - Priscila de Souza
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences (PPGCF), Nucleus of Chemical-Pharmaceutical Investigations (NIQFAR), University of Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí, SC, Brazil
| | - Luciane Angela Nottar Nesello
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences (PPGCF), Nucleus of Chemical-Pharmaceutical Investigations (NIQFAR), University of Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí, SC, Brazil
| | - Luísa Mota da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences (PPGCF), Nucleus of Chemical-Pharmaceutical Investigations (NIQFAR), University of Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí, SC, Brazil
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Torres-Vega J, Gómez-Alonso S, Pérez-Navarro J, Pastene-Navarrete E. Green Extraction of Alkaloids and Polyphenols from Peumus boldus Leaves with Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents and Profiling by HPLC-PDA-IT-MS/MS and HPLC-QTOF-MS/MS. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9020242. [PMID: 32069868 PMCID: PMC7076633 DOI: 10.3390/plants9020242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Peumus boldus Mol., is a Chilean medicinal tree used for gastrointestinal and liver diseases. Such medicinal properties are associated with the presence of bioactive flavonoids and aporphine alkaloids. In this study, a new green and efficient extraction method used seven natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) as extraction media. The extraction efficiency of these NADES was assessed, determining the contents of boldine and total phenolic compounds (TPC). Chemical profiling of P. boldus was done by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to photo diode array detector and electrospray ion-trap mass spectrometry (HPLC-PDA-ESI-IT/MS) and electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight high-resolution mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS). Among the NADES tested, NADES4 (choline chloride-lactic acid) and NADES6 (proline-oxalic acid) enable better extraction of boldine with 0.427 ± 0.018 and 2.362 ± 0.055 mg of boldine g-1 of plant, respectively. Extraction of boldine with NADES4 and NADES6 was more efficient than extractions performed with methanol and water. On the other hand, the highest TPC were obtained using NADES6, 179.442 ± 3.79 mg of gallic acid equivalents (GAE g-1). Moreover, TPC in extracts obtained with methanol does not show significant differences with NADES6. The HPLC-PAD-MS/MS analysis enable the tentative identification of 9 alkaloids and 22 phenolic compounds. The results of this study demonstrate that NADES are a promising green extraction media to extract P. boldus bioactive compounds and could be a valuable alternative to classic organic solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeniffer Torres-Vega
- Pharmacognosy laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Unidad de Desarrollo Tecnológico (UDT), University of Concepción, Concepción 4191996, Chile;
| | - Sergio Gómez-Alonso
- Regional Institute for Applied Scientific Research, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Castilla-La Mancha, 10, 1307 Ciudad Real, Spain; (S.G.-A.); (J.P.-N.)
| | - José Pérez-Navarro
- Regional Institute for Applied Scientific Research, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Castilla-La Mancha, 10, 1307 Ciudad Real, Spain; (S.G.-A.); (J.P.-N.)
| | - Edgar Pastene-Navarrete
- Pharmacognosy laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Unidad de Desarrollo Tecnológico (UDT), University of Concepción, Concepción 4191996, Chile;
- Laboratorio de Síntesis y Biotransformación de Productos Naturales, Dpto. Ciencias Básicas, Universidad del Bio-Bio, Chillan 3780000, Chile
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +56-422463156
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Abo Ghanima MM, Bin-Jumah M, Abdel-Moneim AME, Khafaga AF, Abd El-Hack ME, Allam AA, El-Kasrawy NI. Impacts of Strain Variation on Response to Heat Stress and Boldo Extract Supplementation to Broiler Chickens. Animals (Basel) 2019; 10:ani10010024. [PMID: 31877662 PMCID: PMC7023343 DOI: 10.3390/ani10010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary One of the common approaches to alleviating heat-stress in poultry is nutritional manipulation using herbal extracts or their derivatives to maintain the health, welfare, and performance of birds. The present study investigated the protective effect of boldo leaf extract against the harmful effects of cyclic heat stress in two broiler strains (Arbor Acres; AA and Avian-48; AV). Administration of boldo in drinking water was able to restore growth and health traits to nearly normal values. Generally, AA chicks were better able to withstand heat stress and were also more likely to utilize boldo extract than AV chicks. The use of boldo leaf extract in poultry production can assist in mitigating the effect of heat stress, improving the antioxidant defense system, and increasing productivity and profitability. Abstract There is increasing interest in the use of natural antioxidant supplements in poultry diets as protection against the adverse effects of heat stress. The potential protective effect of boldo (Peumus boldus molina) leaf extract, which have antioxidant activity, were investigated against the harmful effects of heat stress in two broiler strains. Arbor Acres (AA) and Avian-48 (AV) chicks were divided into thermoneutral (TN) and heat stress (HS) groups and treated with 1 g boldo leaf extract/4 L drinking water during the heat stress period. HS reduced growth performance in both strains. The phagocytic index, phagocytic activity, and eosinophil and lymphocytes counts were significantly elevated in TN and HS AV birds but not altered in AA birds. Boldo extract treatment partially eliminated the previous negative impacts of heat stress. AA chicks were better able to withstand HS than AV chicks. Serum concentrations of total lipids and cholesterol were reduced in HS birds of both strains. Malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase levels were elevated but restored with the administration of boldo leaf extract in HS birds of both strains. Economic parameters were negatively affected by HS but restored to values close to those of the control group in boldo-treated HS birds. In conclusion, the administration of boldo leaf extract in drinking water was effective in neutralizing the harmful effects of heat stress on growth performance, blood indices, and economic parameters and improved the antioxidant defense system in heat-stressed birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud M. Abo Ghanima
- Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt; (M.M.A.G.)
| | - May Bin-Jumah
- Biology Department, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, BO. Box 24428, Saudi Arabia;
| | | | - Asmaa F. Khafaga
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina 22758, Egypt;
| | - Mohamed E. Abd El-Hack
- Department of Poultry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
- Correspondence:
| | - Ahmed A. Allam
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-suef University, Beni-suef, 65211 Egypt;
| | - Nagwa I. El-Kasrawy
- Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt; (M.M.A.G.)
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Nie X, Wei J, Hao Y, Tao J, Li Y, Liu M, Xu B, Li B. Consistent Biomarkers and Related Pathogenesis Underlying Asthma Revealed by Systems Biology Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20164037. [PMID: 31430856 PMCID: PMC6720652 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20164037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a common chronic airway disease worldwide. Due to its clinical and genetic heterogeneity, the cellular and molecular processes in asthma are highly complex and relatively unknown. To discover novel biomarkers and the molecular mechanisms underlying asthma, several studies have been conducted by focusing on gene expression patterns in epithelium through microarray analysis. However, few robust specific biomarkers were identified and some inconsistent results were observed. Therefore, it is imperative to conduct a robust analysis to solve these problems. Herein, an integrated gene expression analysis of ten independent, publicly available microarray data of bronchial epithelial cells from 348 asthmatic patients and 208 healthy controls was performed. As a result, 78 up- and 75 down-regulated genes were identified in bronchial epithelium of asthmatics. Comprehensive functional enrichment and pathway analysis revealed that response to chemical stimulus, extracellular region, pathways in cancer, and arachidonic acid metabolism were the four most significantly enriched terms. In the protein-protein interaction network, three main communities associated with cytoskeleton, response to lipid, and regulation of response to stimulus were established, and the most highly ranked 6 hub genes (up-regulated CD44, KRT6A, CEACAM5, SERPINB2, and down-regulated LTF and MUC5B) were identified and should be considered as new biomarkers. Pathway cross-talk analysis highlights that signaling pathways mediated by IL-4/13 and transcription factor HIF-1α and FOXA1 play crucial roles in the pathogenesis of asthma. Interestingly, three chemicals, polyphenol catechin, antibiotic lomefloxacin, and natural alkaloid boldine, were predicted and may be potential drugs for asthma treatment. Taken together, our findings shed new light on the common molecular pathogenesis mechanisms of asthma and provide theoretical support for further clinical therapeutic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiner Nie
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Jinyi Wei
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Youjin Hao
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Jingxin Tao
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Yinghong Li
- School of Biological Information, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China
| | - Mingwei Liu
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400046, China
| | - Boying Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Bo Li
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China.
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Cassels BK, Fuentes-Barros G, Castro-Saavedra S. Boldo, Its Secondary Metabolites and their Derivatives. CURRENT TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/2215083804666181113112928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Boldo leaves (Boldo folium, from Peumus boldus Mol.) are very frequently used as a medicinal herb in Chile and are exported to many countries to be used in teas or as extracts included in herbal remedies, primarily as an aid to digestion and as a mild sedative. Scientific support for these uses is scanty, and boldine, an alkaloid viewed as characteristic of the tree and present in high concentration in the bark, is extracted by specialized companies and sold as the supposed main active constituent. Consequently, boldine has been the subject of a considerable number of research papers, while some of the other alkaloids present to a greater extent in the leaves have been relatively neglected except when found in large amounts in other species. These studies range from assays of antioxidant activity to anti-inflammatory, antineoplastic and other medical applications. The essential oil, usually containing a large percentage of the toxic ascaridole, was once used as a vermifuge and is now regarded with caution, but is still of interest as a possible natural insecticide, fungicide, antiparasitic and herbicide. The last decade has seen an explosive increase in papers pointing to possible uses of boldo and its constituents. This review attempts to bring these publications together in a comprehensive way with the purpose of stimulating and orienting further research into the useful properties of this Chilean endemic tree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce K. Cassels
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Boldine Improves Kidney Damage in the Goldblatt 2K1C Model Avoiding the Increase in TGF-β. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19071864. [PMID: 29941815 PMCID: PMC6073111 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19071864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Boldine, a major aporphine alkaloid found in the Chilean boldo tree, is a potent antioxidant. Oxidative stress plays a detrimental role in the pathogenesis of kidney damage in renovascular hypertension (RVH). The activation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is crucial to the development and progression of hypertensive renal damage and TGF-β is closely associated with the activation of RAS. In the present study, we assessed the effect of boldine on the progression of kidney disease using the 2K1C hypertension model and identifying mediators in the RAS, such as TGF-β, that could be modulated by this alkaloid. Toward this hypothesis, rats (n = 5/group) were treated with boldine (50 mg/kg/day, gavage) for six weeks after 2K1C surgery (pressure ≥ 180 mmHg). Kidney function was evaluated by measuring of proteinuria/creatininuria ratio (U prot/U Crea), oxidative stress (OS) by measuring thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). The evolution of systolic blood pressure (SBP) was followed weekly. Alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and Col III were used as markers of kidney damage; ED-1 and osteopontin (OPN) were used as markers of inflammation. We also explored the effect in RAS mediators, such as ACE-1 and TGF-β. Boldine treatment reduced the UProt/UCrea ratio, plasma TBARS, and slightly reduced SBP in 2K1C hypertensive rats, producing no effect in control animals. In 2K1C rats treated with boldine the levels of α-SMA, Col III, ED-1, and OPN were lower when compared to 2K1C rats. Boldine prevented the increase in ACE-1 and TGF-β in 2K1C rats, suggesting that boldine reduces kidney damage. These results suggest that boldine could potentially be used as a nutraceutic.
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13
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Peumus boldus attenuates copper-induced toxicity in Drosophila melanogaster. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 97:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.09.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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14
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Santoro D, Ahrens K, Vesny R, Navarro C, Gatto H, Marsella R. Evaluation of the in vitro effect of Boldo and Meadowsweet plant extracts on the expression of antimicrobial peptides and inflammatory markers in canine keratinocytes. Res Vet Sci 2017; 115:255-262. [PMID: 28549300 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2017.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Dogs with allergies are prone to skin infections and treatments/preventatives to boost innate immune-defenses are beneficial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Boldo and Meadowsweet extracts on the expression of β-defensins (cBD), cathelicidin (cCath), and pro-inflammatory cytokines in canine keratinocyte. This study had two phases. Phase I evaluated mRNA expression of cBD103 and cCath, and secretion of cCath, IL-8 and TNF-α by keratinocytes harvested from healthy (n=5) and atopic (n=5) age-matched beagles exposed to Boldo (2% to 0.2%) and Meadowsweet (1% to 0.2%) extracts. Phase II focused on atopic keratinocytes (n=14) exposed to 0.2% Boldo, 0.2% Meadowsweet, and a mixture of 0.1% of both extracts. Phase I: cBD103 mRNA (all concentrations) and TNF-α secretion (2% Boldo) were increased in atopic compared with healthy keratinocytes. In atopic keratinocytes, cBD103 was increased after exposure to 1.5% and 0.2% Boldo. In healthy keratinocytes, 1% and 0.2% Meadowsweet, and 2% Boldo increased and decreased IL-8 secretion, respectively. In atopic keratinocytes, IL-8 increased after exposure to 1% and 0.4% Meadowsweet extract. Phase II: cBD103 mRNA increased after exposure to 0.2% Meadowsweet and to 0.1% mixture. cCath was increased after 0.2% Boldo, but decreased after 0.2% Meadowsweet or the 0.1% mixture. TNF-α secretion was decreased after 0.2% Boldo. It is concluded that low concentrations of both extracts and their combination may have some effects on cCath and cBD103 without stimulating an inflammatory response. However, more studies are needed to clarify the effects of these extracts on the local immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Santoro
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - Kim Ahrens
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ryan Vesny
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | - Hugues Gatto
- Unlicensed Products Development Unit, Virbac, Carros, France
| | - Rosanna Marsella
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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15
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Pedro Z, Benjamín R, Marcela M, Haroldo M, Patricio G, Ociel M. Biological and antioxidant activity of Gunnera tinctoria (Nalca). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.5897/jmpr2017.6376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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16
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CERMANOVA J, PRASNICKA A, DOLEZELOVA E, ROZKYDALOVA L, HROCH M, CHLÁDEK J, TOMSIK P, KLOETING I, MICUDA S. Pharmacokinetics of Boldine in Control and Mrp2-Deficient Rats. Physiol Res 2016; 65:S489-S497. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to describe the currently poorly understood pharmacokinetics (PK) of boldine in control rats (LW, Lewis rats), and Mrp2 transporter-deficient rats (TR-). Animals from the LW and TR- groups underwent a bolus dose study with 10 mg/kg of boldine applied either orally or intravenously in order to evaluate the major PK parameters. The TR- rats demonstrated significantly reduced total clearance with prolonged biological half-life (LW 12±4.6 versus TR- 20±4.4 min), decreased volume of distribution (LW 3.2±0.4 l/kg versus TR- 2.4±0.4 l/kg) and reduced bioavailability (LW 7 % versus TR- 4.5 %). Another set of LW and TR- rats were used for a clearance study with continuous intravenous administration of boldine. The LW rats showed that biliary and renal clearance formed less than 2 % of the total clearance of boldine. The treatment of samples with β glucuronidase showed at least a 38 % contribution of conjugation reactions to the overall clearance of boldine. The TR- rats demonstrated reduced biliary clearance of boldine and its conjugates, which was partly compensated by their increased renal clearance. In conclusion, this study presents the PK parameters of boldine and shows the importance of the Mrp2 transporter and conjugation reactions in the elimination of the compound.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - S. MICUDA
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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Figueiredo MBGDA, Santana VRD, Nardelli MJ, Nogueira MDS, Azevedo DX, Santana DPA, Figueiredo AGDA, Duarte ÍX, Albuquerque Junior RLCD, Lima SO. The effect of the aqueous extract Peumus boldus on the proliferation of hepatocytes and liver function in rats submitted to expanded hepatectomy. Acta Cir Bras 2016; 31:608-614. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-865020160090000006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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18
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ZAGOROVA M, PRASNICKA A, KADOVA Z, DOLEZELOVA E, KAZDOVA L, CERMANOVA J, ROZKYDALOVA L, HROCH M, MOKRY J, MICUDA S. Boldine Attenuates Cholestasis Associated With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Hereditary Hypertriglyceridemic Rats Fed by High-Sucrose Diet. Physiol Res 2015; 64:S467-76. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to clarify the effect of high sucrose diet (HSD) on bile formation (BF) in rats with hereditary hypertriglyceridemia (HHTg). Potentially positive effects were studied for boldine, a natural choleretic agent. Administration of HSD to HHTg rats led to increased triglyceride deposition in the liver. HSD reduced BF as a consequence of decreased biliary secretion of bile acids (BA) and glutathione. Responsible mechanism was down-regulation of hepatic transporters for BA and glutathione, Bsep and Mrp2, respectively. Moreover, gene expressions of transporters for other constituents of bile, namely Abcg5/8 for cholesterol, Abcb4 for phospholipids, and Oatp1a4 for xenobiotics, were also reduced by HSD. Boldine partially attenuated cholestatic effect of HSD by promotion of biliary secretion of BA through up-regulation of Bsep and Ntcp, and by increase in biliary secretion of glutathione as a consequence of its increased hepatic disposition. This study demonstrates mechanisms of impaired BF during nonalcoholic fatty liver disease induced by HSD. Altered function of responsible transporters suggests also potential for changes in kinetics of drugs, which may complicate pharmacotherapy in subjects with high intake of sucrose, and with fatty liver disease. Sucrose induced alterations in BF may be alleviated by administration of boldine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - S. MICUDA
- Department of Pharmacology, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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Oxaliplatin analogues with carboxy derivatives of boldine with enhanced antioxidant activity. Bioinorg Chem Appl 2015; 2015:920143. [PMID: 25814916 PMCID: PMC4359857 DOI: 10.1155/2015/920143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A new oxaliplatin analog [Pt(dach)(L5)] (1) was synthesized and characterized as a continuation of a study of the previously reported [Pt(dach)(L6)] (2), where dach = (1R,2R)-diaminocyclohexane, L5 = 3-carboxyboldine, and L6 = 3-carboxypredicentrine. Compounds 1 and 2 exhibited a substantially enhanced antioxidant activity compared to oxaliplatin (130 and 30 times for 1 and 13 and 4 times for 2 using the DPPH and FRAP assays, resp.). In addition, 1 and 2 exhibited cytotoxic activity in the same range as oxaliplatin toward the two human tumor cell lines (MCF-7 and HT-29) studied and two to four times lower activity in the human colon nontumor cell line (CCD-841). Preadministration of L5 or L6 to the colon tumor (HT-29) and the colon nontumor (CCD-841) cell lines prior to oxaliplatin addition increased the viability of the nontumor cell line to a greater extent than that of the tumor cell line.
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20
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Cermanova J, Kadova Z, Zagorova M, Hroch M, Tomsik P, Nachtigal P, Kudlackova Z, Pavek P, Dubecka M, Ceckova M, Staud F, Laho T, Micuda S. Boldine enhances bile production in rats via osmotic and farnesoid X receptor dependent mechanisms. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2015; 285:12-22. [PMID: 25771127 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2015.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Revised: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Boldine, the major alkaloid from the Chilean Boldo tree, is used in traditional medicine to support bile production, but evidence to support this function is controversial. We analyzed the choleretic potential of boldine, including its molecular background. The acute- and long-term effects of boldine were evaluated in rats either during intravenous infusion or after 28-day oral treatment. Infusion of boldine instantly increased the bile flow 1.4-fold in healthy rats as well as in animals with Mrp2 deficiency or ethinylestradiol induced cholestasis. This effect was not associated with a corresponding increase in bile acid or glutathione biliary excretion, indicating that the effect is not related to stimulation of either bile acid dependent or independent mechanisms of bile formation and points to the osmotic activity of boldine itself. We subsequently analyzed bile production under conditions of changing biliary excretion of boldine after bolus intravenous administration and found strong correlations between both parameters. HPLC analysis showed that bile concentrations of boldine above 10 μM were required for induction of choleresis. Importantly, long-term pretreatment, when the bile collection study was performed 24-h after the last administration of boldine, also accelerated bile formation despite undetectable levels of the compound in bile. The effect paralleled upregulation of the Bsep transporter and increased biliary clearance of its substrates, bile acids. We consequently confirmed the ability of boldine to stimulate the Bsep transcriptional regulator, FXR receptor. In conclusion, our study clarified the mechanisms and circumstances surrounding the choleretic activity of boldine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolana Cermanova
- Department of Pharmacology, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Kadova
- Department of Pharmacology, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; Deparment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Zagorova
- Department of Pharmacology, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Milos Hroch
- Department of Pharmacology, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; Department of Medical Biochemistry, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Tomsik
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Nachtigal
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenka Kudlackova
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Pavek
- Deparment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Dubecka
- Deparment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Ceckova
- Deparment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Frantisek Staud
- Deparment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Laho
- Department of Pharmacology, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Stanislav Micuda
- Department of Pharmacology, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
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21
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Effect of extraction conditions on total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of pretreated wild Peumus boldus leaves from Chile. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2013.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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22
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Pastene E, Parada V, Avello M, Ruiz A, García A. Catechin-based Procyanidins from Peumus boldus
Mol. Aqueous Extract Inhibit Helicobacter pylori
Urease and Adherence to Adenocarcinoma Gastric Cells. Phytother Res 2014; 28:1637-45. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Revised: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Pastene
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Concepción; Concepción Chile
| | - Víctor Parada
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Concepción; Concepción Chile
| | - Marcia Avello
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Concepción; Concepción Chile
| | - Antonieta Ruiz
- Laboratory of Chromatography, Department of Instrumental Analysis; University of Concepción; Concepción Chile
| | - Apolinaria García
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenicity, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences; University of Concepción; Concepción Chile
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Cordero-Pérez P, Torres-González L, Aguirre-Garza M, Camara-Lemarroy C, Guzmán-de la Garza F, Alarcón-Galván G, Zapata-Chavira H, de Jesús Sotelo-Gallegos M, Nadjedja Torres-Esquivel C, Sánchez-Fresno E, Cantú-Sepúlveda D, González-Saldivar G, Bernal-Ramirez J, E Muñoz-Espinosa L. Hepatoprotective effect of commercial herbal extracts on carbon tetrachloride-induced liver damage in Wistar rats. Pharmacognosy Res 2013; 5:150-6. [PMID: 23900881 PMCID: PMC3719254 DOI: 10.4103/0974-8490.112417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2012] [Revised: 08/08/2012] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Various hepatoprotective herbal products from plants are available in Mexico, where up to 85% of patients with liver disease use some form of complementary and alternative medicine. However, only few studies have reported on the biological evaluation of these products. Objective: Using a model of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatotoxicity in rats, we evaluated the effects of commercial herbal extracts used most commonly in the metropolitan area of Monterrey, Mexico. Materials and Methods: The commercial products were identified through surveys in public areas. The effect of these products given with or without CCl4 in rats was evaluated by measuring the serum concentrations of aspartate amino transferase (AST) and alanine amino transferase (ALT), and histopathological analysis. Legalon® was used as the standard drug. Results: The most commonly used herbal products were Hepatisan® capsules, Boldo capsules, Hepavida® capsules, Boldo infusion, and milk thistle herbal supplement (80% silymarin). None of the products tested was hepatotoxic according to transaminase and histological analyses. AST and ALT activities were significantly lower in the Hepavida+CCl4-treated group as compared with the CCl4-only group. AST and ALT activities in the silymarin, Hepatisan, and Boldo tea groups were similar to those in the CCl4 group. The CCl4 group displayed submassive confluent necrosis and mixed inflammatory infiltration. Both the Hepatisan+CCl4 and Boldo tea+CCl4 groups exhibited ballooning degeneration, inflammatory infiltration, and lytic necrosis. The silymarin+CCl4 group exhibited microvesicular steatosis. The Hepavida+CCl4- and Legalon+CCL4-treated groups had lower percentages of necrotic cells as compared with the CCl4-treated group; this treatment was hepatoprotective against necrosis. Conclusion: Only Hepavida had a hepatoprotective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Cordero-Pérez
- Liver Unit, Gastroenterology Service from Department of Internal Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Av. Gonzalitos S/N Col. Mitras Centro C.P., Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
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Hernández-Salinas R, Vielma AZ, Arismendi MN, Boric MP, Sáez JC, Velarde V. Boldine prevents renal alterations in diabetic rats. J Diabetes Res 2013; 2013:593672. [PMID: 24416726 PMCID: PMC3876708 DOI: 10.1155/2013/593672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy alters both structure and function of the kidney. These alterations are associated with increased levels of reactive oxygen species, matrix proteins, and proinflammatory molecules. Inflammation decreases gap junctional communication and increases hemichannel activity leading to increased membrane permeability and altering tissue homeostasis. Since current treatments for diabetic nephropathy do not prevent renal damage, we postulated an alternative treatment with boldine, an alkaloid obtained from boldo with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and hypoglycemic effects. Streptozotocin-induced diabetic and control rats were treated or not treated with boldine (50 mg/Kg/day) for ten weeks. In addition, mesangial cells were cultured under control conditions or in high glucose concentration plus proinflammatory cytokines, with or without boldine (100 µmol/L). Boldine treatment in diabetic animals prevented the increase in glycemia, blood pressure, renal thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and the urinary protein/creatinine ratio. Boldine also reduced alterations in matrix proteins and markers of renal damage. In mesangial cells, boldine prevented the increase in oxidative stress, the decrease in gap junctional communication, and the increase in cell permeability due to connexin hemichannel activity induced by high glucose and proinflammatory cytokines but did not block gap junction channels. Thus boldine prevented both renal and cellular alterations and could be useful for preventing tissue damage in diabetic subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina Hernández-Salinas
- Departamento de Fisiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Alameda Bernardo O'Higgins, No. 340, 6513677 Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandra Z. Vielma
- Departamento de Fisiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Alameda Bernardo O'Higgins, No. 340, 6513677 Santiago, Chile
| | - Marlene N. Arismendi
- Departamento de Fisiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Alameda Bernardo O'Higgins, No. 340, 6513677 Santiago, Chile
| | - Mauricio P. Boric
- Departamento de Fisiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Alameda Bernardo O'Higgins, No. 340, 6513677 Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan C. Sáez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Alameda Bernardo O'Higgins, No. 340, 6513677 Santiago, Chile
- Instituto Milenio, Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- *Juan C. Sáez: and
| | - Victoria Velarde
- Departamento de Fisiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Alameda Bernardo O'Higgins, No. 340, 6513677 Santiago, Chile
- *Victoria Velarde:
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Russo A, Cardile V, Caggia S, Gunther G, Troncoso N, Garbarino J. Boldo prevents UV light and nitric oxide-mediated plasmid DNA damage and reduces the expression of Hsp70 protein in melanoma cancer cells. J Pharm Pharmacol 2011; 63:1219-29. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.2011.01320.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
This study was designed to investigate the potential protective effect of a methanolic extract of Peumus boldus leaves on UV light and nitric oxide (NO)-mediated DNA damage. In addition, we investigated the growth inhibitory activity of this natural product against human melanoma cells (M14).
Methods
Boldine, catechin, quercetin and rutin were identified using a HPLC method. The extract was incubated with plasmid DNA and, before irradiating the samples with UV-R, H2O2 was added. For analysis of DNA single-strand breaks induced by NO, the experiments were performed by incubating the extract with Angeli's salt. In the study on M14 cell line, cell viability was measured using MTT assay. Release of lactate dehydrogenase, a marker of membrane breakdown, was also measured. For the detection of apoptosis, the evaluation of DNA fragmentation (COMET assay) and caspase-3 activity assay were employed. The expression of heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) was detected by Western blot analysis. Generation of reactive oxygen species was measured by using a fluorescent probe.
Key findings
The extract (demonstrating the synergistic effect of the constituents boldine and flavonoids), showed a protective effect on plasmid DNA and selectively inhibited the growth of melanoma cells. But a novel finding was that apoptosis evoked by this natural product in M14 cells, appears to be mediated, at least in part, via the inhibition of Hsp70 expression, which may be correlated with a modulation of redox-sensitive mechanisms.
Conclusions
These results confirm the promising biological properties of Peumus boldus and encourage in-vivo investigations into its potential anti-cancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Russo
- Departments of Biological Chemistry, Medical Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Catania, Italy
| | - Venera Cardile
- Departments of Physiological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Silvia Caggia
- Departments of Physiological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Germán Gunther
- Departments of Laboratorio de Cinética y Fotoquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Juan Garbarino
- Department of Chemistry, University T.F. Santa Maria, Valparaiso, Chile
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Desmarchelier C. Neotropics and natural ingredients for pharmaceuticals: why isn't South American biodiversity on the crest of the wave? Phytother Res 2010; 24:791-9. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.3114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Direct identification of phenolic constituents in Boldo Folium (Peumus boldus Mol.) infusions by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection and electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:443-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2009] [Revised: 10/14/2009] [Accepted: 11/02/2009] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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