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Coates PM, Bailey RL, Blumberg JB, El-Sohemy A, Floyd E, Goldenberg JZ, Gould Shunney A, Holscher HD, Nkrumah-Elie Y, Rai D, Ritz BW, Weber WJ. The Evolution of Science and Regulation of Dietary Supplements: Past, Present, and Future. J Nutr 2024; 154:2335-2345. [PMID: 38971530 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Dietary supplement use in the United States is widespread and increasing, especially among certain population groups, such as older Americans. The science surrounding dietary supplements has evolved substantially over the last few decades since their formal regulation in 1994. Much has been learned about the mechanisms of action of many dietary supplement ingredients, but the evidence on their health effects is still building. As is true of much nutrition research, there are many studies that point to health effects, but not all are at the level of scientific evidence (e.g., randomized controlled interventions), rigor, or quality needed for definitive statements of efficacy regarding clinical end points. New technologies and approaches are being applied to the science of dietary supplements, including nutrigenomics and microbiome analysis, data science, artificial intelligence (AI), and machine learning-all of which can elevate the science behind dietary supplements. Products can contain an array of bioactive compounds derived from foods as well as from medicinal plants, which creates enormous challenges in data collection and management. Clinical applications, particularly those aimed at providing personalized nutrition options for patients, have become more sophisticated as dietary supplements are incorporated increasingly into clinical practice and self-care. The goals of this article are to provide historical context for the regulation and science of dietary supplements, identify research resources, and suggest some future directions for science in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul M Coates
- Department of Applied Health Science, Indiana University School of Public Health, Bloomington, IN, United States.
| | - Regan L Bailey
- Institute for Advancing Health Through Agriculture, Texas A&M University System, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Jeffrey B Blumberg
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ahmed El-Sohemy
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Floyd
- McIlhenny Botanical Research Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Joshua Z Goldenberg
- Helfgott Research Institute, National University of Natural Medicine, Portland, OR, United States
| | | | - Hannah D Holscher
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | | | - Deshanie Rai
- OmniActive Health Technologies, Morristown, NJ, United States
| | - Barry W Ritz
- Nestlé Health Science, Bridgewater, NJ, United States
| | - Wendy J Weber
- National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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Rîmbu CM, Serbezeanu D, Vlad-Bubulac T, Suflet DM, Motrescu I, Lungoci C, Robu T, Vrînceanu N, Grecu M, Cozma AP, Fotea L, Anița DC, Popovici I, Horhogea CE. Antimicrobial Activity of Artemisia dracunculus Oil-Loaded Agarose/Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Hydrogel for Bio-Applications. Gels 2023; 10:26. [PMID: 38247749 PMCID: PMC10815380 DOI: 10.3390/gels10010026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, the potential use of Artemisia dracunculus essential oil in bio-applications was investigated. Firstly, the phytochemicals from Artemisia dracunculus were analyzed by different methods. Secondly, the Artemisia dracunculus essential oil was incorporated into the hydrogel matrix based on poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and agar (A). The structural, morphological, and physical properties of the hydrogel matrix loaded with different amounts of Artemisia dracunculus essential oil were thoroughly investigated. FTIR analysis revealed the successful loading of the essential oil Artemisia dracunculus into the PVA/A hydrogel matrix. The influence of the mechanical properties and antimicrobial activity of the PVA/A hydrogel matrix loaded with different amounts of Artemisia dracunculus was also assessed. The antimicrobial activity of Artemisia dracunculus (EO Artemisia dracunculus) essential oil was tested using the disk diffusion method and the time-kill assay method after entrapment in the PVA/A hydrogel matrices. The results showed that PVA/agar-based hydrogels loaded with EO Artemisia dracunculus exhibited significant antimicrobial activity (log reduction ratio in the range of 85.5111-100%) against nine pathogenic isolates, both Gram-positive (S. aureus, MRSA, E. faecalis, L. monocytogenes) and Gram-negative (E. coli, K. pneumoniae, S. enteritidis, S. typhimurium, and A. salmonicida). The resulted biocompatible polymers proved to have enhanced properties when functionalized with the essential oil of Artemisia dracunculus, offering opportunities and possibilities for novel applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Mihaela Rîmbu
- Department of Public Health, Iasi “Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Life Sciences, 8 Sadoveanu Alley, 707027 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Diana Serbezeanu
- Department of Polycondensation and Thermally Stable Polymers, “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Grigore Ghica Voda Alley 41A, 700487 Iasi, Romania; (T.V.-B.); (D.M.S.)
| | - Tăchiță Vlad-Bubulac
- Department of Polycondensation and Thermally Stable Polymers, “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Grigore Ghica Voda Alley 41A, 700487 Iasi, Romania; (T.V.-B.); (D.M.S.)
| | - Dana Mihaela Suflet
- Department of Polycondensation and Thermally Stable Polymers, “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Grigore Ghica Voda Alley 41A, 700487 Iasi, Romania; (T.V.-B.); (D.M.S.)
| | - Iuliana Motrescu
- Department of Exact Sciences, Iasi “Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Life Sciences, 3 Sadoveanu Alley, 700490 Iasi, Romania; (I.M.); (A.P.C.)
| | - Constantin Lungoci
- Department of Plant Science, Iasi “Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Life Sciences, 3 Sadoveanu Alley, 700490 Iasi, Romania; (C.L.); (T.R.)
| | - Teodor Robu
- Department of Plant Science, Iasi “Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Life Sciences, 3 Sadoveanu Alley, 700490 Iasi, Romania; (C.L.); (T.R.)
| | - Narcisa Vrînceanu
- Department of Industrial Machines and Equipments, Faculty of Engineering, “Lucian Blaga” University of Sibiu, 10 Victoriei Blvd, 550024 Sibiu, Romania;
| | - Mariana Grecu
- Department of Pharmacology, Iasi “Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Life Sciences, 8 Sadoveanu Alley, 707027 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Andreea Paula Cozma
- Department of Exact Sciences, Iasi “Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Life Sciences, 3 Sadoveanu Alley, 700490 Iasi, Romania; (I.M.); (A.P.C.)
| | - Lenuța Fotea
- Department of Animal Resources and Technologies, “Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Life Sciences, 700490 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Dragoș Constantin Anița
- Regional Center of Advanced Research for Emerging Diseases Zoonoses and Food Safety (ROVETEMERG), “Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Life Sciences, 3 Mihail Sadoveanu Alley, 700490 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Ivona Popovici
- Department of Preclinics, Iasi “Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Life Sciences, 8 Sadoveanu Alley, 707027 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Cristina Elena Horhogea
- Department of Public Health, Iasi “Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Life Sciences, 8 Sadoveanu Alley, 707027 Iasi, Romania;
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3
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Scott MC, Bourgeois A, Yu Y, Burk DH, Smith BJ, Floyd ZE. Extract of Artemisia dracunculus L. Modulates Osteoblast Proliferation and Mineralization. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13423. [PMID: 37686232 PMCID: PMC10487575 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Thiazolidinediones (TZD) significantly improve insulin sensitivity via action on adipocytes. Unfortunately, TZDs also degrade bone by inhibiting osteoblasts. An extract of Artemisia dracunculus L., termed PMI5011, improves blood glucose and insulin sensitivity via skeletal muscle, rather than fat, and may therefore spare bone. Here, we examine the effects of PMI5011 and an identified active compound within PMI5011 (2',4'-dihydroxy-4-methoxydihydrochalcone, DMC-2) on pre-osteoblasts. We hypothesized that PMI5011 and DMC-2 will not inhibit osteogenesis. To test our hypothesis, MC3T3-E1 cells were induced in osteogenic media with and without PMI5011 or DMC-2. Cell lysates were probed for osteogenic gene expression and protein content and were stained for osteogenic endpoints. Neither compound had an effect on early stain outcomes for alkaline phosphatase or collagen. Contrary to our hypothesis, PMI5011 at 30 µg/mL significantly increases osteogenic gene expression as early as day 1. Further, osteogenic proteins and cell culture mineralization trend higher for PMI5011-treated wells. Treatment with DMC-2 at 1 µg/mL similarly increased osteogenic gene expression and significantly increased mineralization, although protein content did not trend higher. Our data suggest that PMI5011 and DMC-2 have the potential to promote bone health via improved osteoblast maturation and activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C. Scott
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA; (M.C.S.); (Y.Y.); (D.H.B.)
| | - Aleah Bourgeois
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA; (M.C.S.); (Y.Y.); (D.H.B.)
| | - Yongmei Yu
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA; (M.C.S.); (Y.Y.); (D.H.B.)
| | - David H. Burk
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA; (M.C.S.); (Y.Y.); (D.H.B.)
| | - Brenda J. Smith
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA;
| | - Z. Elizabeth Floyd
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA; (M.C.S.); (Y.Y.); (D.H.B.)
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Floyd ZE, Ribnicky DM, Raskin I, Hsia DS, Rood JC, Gurley BJ. Designing a Clinical Study With Dietary Supplements: It's All in the Details. Front Nutr 2022; 8:779486. [PMID: 35118104 PMCID: PMC8804374 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.779486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A successful randomized clinical trial of the effect of dietary supplements on a chosen endpoint begins with developing supporting data in preclinical studies while paying attention to easily overlooked details when planning the related clinical trial. In this perspective, we draw on our experience studying the effect of an ethanolic extract from Artemisia dracunculus L. (termed PMI-5011) on glucose homeostasis as a potential therapeutic option in providing resilience to metabolic syndrome (MetS). Decisions on experimental design related to issues ranging from choice of mouse model to dosing levels and route of administration in the preclinical studies will be discussed in terms of translation to the eventual human studies. The more complex considerations in planning the clinical studies present different challenges as these studies progress from testing the safety of the dietary supplement to assessing the effect of the dietary supplement on a predetermined clinical outcome. From the vantage point of hindsight, we will outline potential pitfalls when translating preclinical studies to clinical studies and point out details to address when designing clinical studies of dietary supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z. Elizabeth Floyd
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
- *Correspondence: Z. Elizabeth Floyd
| | - David M. Ribnicky
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Ilya Raskin
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Daniel S. Hsia
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Jennifer C. Rood
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Bill J. Gurley
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, University, MS, United States
- Bill J. Gurley
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Vandanmagsar B, Yu Y, Simmler C, Dang TN, Kuhn P, Poulev A, Ribnicky DM, Pauli GF, Floyd ZE. Bioactive compounds from Artemisia dracunculus L. activate AMPK signaling in skeletal muscle. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 143:112188. [PMID: 34563947 PMCID: PMC8516709 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
An extract from Artemisia dracunculus L. (termed PMI-5011) improves glucose homeostasis by enhancing insulin action and reducing ectopic lipid accumulation, while increasing fat oxidation in skeletal muscle tissue in obese insulin resistant male mice. A chalcone, DMC-2, in PMI-5011 is the major bioactive that enhances insulin signaling and activation of AKT. However, the mechanism by which PMI-5011 improves lipid metabolism is unknown. AMPK is the cellular energy and metabolic sensor and a key regulator of lipid metabolism in muscle. This study examined PMI-5011 activation of AMPK signaling using murine C2C12 muscle cell culture and skeletal muscle tissue. Findings show that PMI-5011 increases Thr172-phosphorylation of AMPK in muscle cells and skeletal muscle tissue, while hepatic AMPK activation by PMI-5011 was not observed. Increased AMPK activity by PMI-5011 affects downstream signaling of AMPK, resulting in inhibition of ACC and increased SIRT1 protein levels. Selective deletion of DMC-2 from PMI-5011 demonstrates that compounds other than DMC-2 in a "DMC-2 knock out extract" (KOE) are responsible for AMPK activation and its downstream effects. Compared to 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR) and metformin, the phytochemical mixture characterizing the KOE appears to more efficiently activate AMPK in muscle cells. KOE-mediated AMPK activation was LKB-1 independent, suggesting KOE does not activate AMPK via LKB-1 stimulation. Through AMPK activation, compounds in PMI-5011 may regulate lipid metabolism in skeletal muscle. Thus, the AMPK-activating potential of the KOE adds therapeutic value to PMI-5011 and its constituents in treating insulin resistance or type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Vandanmagsar
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - Y Yu
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - C Simmler
- Center for Natural Product Technologies, Pharmacognosy Institute and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - T N Dang
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - P Kuhn
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - A Poulev
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - D M Ribnicky
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - G F Pauli
- Center for Natural Product Technologies, Pharmacognosy Institute and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Z E Floyd
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA.
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Adaptive Fat Oxidation Is Coupled with Increased Lipid Storage in Adipose Tissue of Female Mice Fed High Dietary Fat and Sucrose. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12082233. [PMID: 32726932 PMCID: PMC7469071 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Western diets high in fat and sucrose are associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS). Although the prevalence of MetS in women is comparable to that in men, metabolic adaptations in females to Western diet have not been reported in preclinical studies. This study investigates the effects of Western diet on risk factors for MetS in female mice. Based on our earlier studies in male mice, we hypothesized that dietary supplementation with extracts of Artemisia dracunculus L. (PMI5011) and Momordica charantia (bitter melon) could affect MetS risk factors in females. Eight-week-old female mice were fed a 10% kcal fat, 17% kcal sucrose diet (LFD); high-fat, high-sucrose diet (HFS; 45% kcal fat, 30% kcal sucrose); or HFS diet with PMI5011 or bitter melon for three months. Body weight and adiposity in all HFS groups were greater than the LFD. Total cholesterol level was elevated with the HFS diets along with LDL cholesterol, but triglycerides and free fatty acids were unchanged from the LFD. Over the three month period, female mice responded to the HFS diet by adaptive increases in fat oxidation energy in muscle and liver. This was coupled with increased fat storage in white and brown adipose tissue depots. These responses were enhanced with botanical supplementation and confer protection from ectopic lipid accumulation associated with MetS in female mice fed an HFS diet.
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Yu Y, Simmler C, Kuhn P, Poulev A, Raskin I, Ribnicky D, Floyd ZE, Pauli GF. The DESIGNER Approach Helps Decipher the Hypoglycemic Bioactive Principles of Artemisia dracunculus (Russian Tarragon). JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2019; 82:3321-3329. [PMID: 31815461 PMCID: PMC7076913 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b00548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Complementing classical drug discovery, phytochemicals act on multiple pharmacological targets, especially in botanical extracts, where they form complex bioactive mixtures. The reductionist approach used in bioactivity-guided fractionation to identify single bioactive phytochemicals is inadequate for capturing the full therapeutic potential of the (bio)chemical interactions present in such complex mixtures. This study used a DESIGNER (Deplete and Enrich Select Ingredients to Generate Normalized Extract Resources) approach to selectively remove the known bioactives, 4'-O-methyldavidigenin (1; 4,2'-dihydroxy-4'-methoxydihydrochalcone, syn. DMC-1) and its isomer 4-O-methyldavidigenin (2; syn. DMC-2), from the mixture of phytochemicals in an ethanol extract from Artemisia dracunculus to determine to what degree the more abundant 2 accounts for the established antidiabetic effect of the A. dracunculus extract. Using an otherwise chemically intact "knock-out extract" depleted in 2 and its regioisomer, 1, in vitro and in vivo outcomes confirmed that 2 (and likely 1) acts as major bioactive(s) that enhance(s) insulin signaling in skeletal muscle, but also revealed that 2 does not account for the breadth of detectable biological activity of the extract. This is the first report of generating, at a sufficiently large preparative scale, a "knock-out extract" used as a pharmacological tool for in vitro and in vivo studies to dissect the biological impact of a designated bioactive in a complex phytochemical mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongmei Yu
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70808, United States
| | - Charlotte Simmler
- Center for Natural Product Technologies, Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Peter Kuhn
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
| | - Alexander Poulev
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
| | - Ilya Raskin
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
| | - David Ribnicky
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
| | - Z. Elizabeth Floyd
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70808, United States
| | - Guido F. Pauli
- Center for Natural Product Technologies, Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
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Fuller S, Yu Y, Mendoza T, Ribnicky DM, Cefalu WT, Floyd ZE. Potential adverse effects of botanical supplementation in high-fat-fed female mice. Biol Sex Differ 2018; 9:41. [PMID: 30208938 PMCID: PMC6134698 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-018-0199-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin resistance underlies metabolic syndrome and is associated with excess adiposity and visceral fat accumulation, which is more frequently observed in males than females. However, in young females, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome is rising, mainly driven by accumulation of abdominal visceral fat. The degree to which sex-related differences could influence the development of insulin resistance remains unclear, and studies of potential therapeutic strategies to combat metabolic syndrome using rodent models have focused predominantly on males. We therefore evaluated the effects of two nutritional supplements derived from botanical sources, an extract of Artemisia dracunculus L. (termed PMI5011) and Momordica charantia (commonly known as bitter melon), on female mice challenged with a high-fat diet in order to determine if dietary intake of these supplements could ameliorate obesity-induced insulin resistance and metabolic inflexibility in skeletal muscle. METHODS Body composition, physical activity and energy expenditure, fatty acid oxidation, insulin signaling, and gene and protein expression of factors controlling lipid metabolism and ectopic lipid accumulation were evaluated in female mice fed a high-fat diet supplemented with either PMI5011 or bitter melon. Statistical significance was assessed by unpaired two-tailed t test and repeated measures ANOVA. RESULTS PMI5011 supplementation resulted in increased body weight and adiposity, while bitter melon did not induce changes in these parameters. Pyruvate tolerance testing indicated that both supplements increased hepatic glucose production. Both supplements induced a significant suppression in fatty acid oxidation in skeletal muscle homogenates treated with pyruvate, indicating enhanced metabolic flexibility. PMI5011 reduced lipid accumulation in skeletal muscle, while bitter melon induced a downward trend in lipid accumulation in the skeletal muscle and liver. This was accompanied by transcriptional regulation of autophagic genes by bitter melon in the liver. CONCLUSIONS Data from the current study indicates that dietary supplementation with PMI5011 and bitter melon evokes a divergent, and generally less favorable, set of metabolic responses in female mice compared to effects previously observed in males. Our findings underscore the importance of considering sex-related variations in responses to dietary supplementation aimed at combating metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Fuller
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA.,School of Kinesiology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA, 70506, USA
| | - Yongmei Yu
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | - Tamra Mendoza
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | - David M Ribnicky
- Biotech Center, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - William T Cefalu
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | - Z Elizabeth Floyd
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA.
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9
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Yu Y, Mendoza TM, Ribnicky DM, Poulev A, Noland RC, Mynatt RL, Raskin I, Cefalu WT, Floyd ZE. An Extract of Russian Tarragon Prevents Obesity-Related Ectopic Lipid Accumulation. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 62:e1700856. [PMID: 29476602 PMCID: PMC5929974 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201700856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE The primary disorder underlying metabolic syndrome is insulin resistance due to excess body weight and abdominal visceral fat accumulation. In this study, it is asked if dietary intake of an ethanolic extract from Russian tarragon (Artemisia dracunculus L., termed PMI5011), shown to improve glucose utilization by enhancing insulin signaling in skeletal muscle, could prevent obesity-induced insulin resistance, skeletal muscle metabolic inflexibility, and ectopic lipid accumulation in the skeletal muscle and liver. METHODS AND RESULTS Male wild-type mice are fed a high-fat diet alone or supplemented with PMI5011 (1% w/w) over 3 months. Dietary intake of PMI5011 improved fatty acid oxidation and metabolic flexibility in the skeletal muscle, reduced insulin levels, and enhanced insulin signaling in the skeletal muscle and liver independent of robust changes in expression of factors that control fatty acid oxidation. This corresponds with significantly reduced lipid accumulation in the skeletal muscle and liver, although body weight gain is comparable to a high-fat diet alone. CONCLUSION Previous studies showed that PMI5011 enhances insulin sensitivity in the setting of established obesity-induced insulin resistance. The current study demonstrates that dietary intake of PMI5011 prevents high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance, metabolic dysfunction, and ectopic lipid accumulation in the skeletal muscle and liver without reducing body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongmei Yu
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA
| | | | - David M Ribnicky
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Alexander Poulev
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ
| | | | | | - Ilya Raskin
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ
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Richard AJ, Hang H, Stephens JM. Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) subunits moonlight as interaction partners of phosphorylated STAT5 in adipocytes and adipose tissue. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:19733-19742. [PMID: 28982698 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.811794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
STAT5 proteins play a role in adipocyte development and function, but their specific functions are largely unknown. To this end, we used an unbiased MS-based approach to identify novel STAT5-interacting proteins. We observed that STAT5A bound the E1β and E2 subunits of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC). Whereas STAT5A typically localizes to the cytosol or nucleus, PDC normally resides within the mitochondrial matrix where it converts pyruvate to acetyl-CoA. We employed affinity purification and immunoblotting to validate the interaction between STAT5A and PDC subunits in murine and human cultured adipocytes, as well as in adipose tissue. We found that multiple PDC subunits interact with hormone-activated STAT5A in a dose- and time-dependent manner that coincides with tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT5. Using subcellular fractionation and immunofluorescence microscopy, we observed that PDC-E2 is present within the adipocyte nucleus where it associates with STAT5A. Because STAT5A is a transcription factor, we used chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) to assess PDC's ability to interact with STAT5 DNA-binding sites. These analyses revealed that PDC-E2 is bound to a STAT5-binding site in the promoter of the STAT5 target gene cytokine-inducible SH2-containing protein (cish). We have demonstrated a compelling interaction between STAT5A and PDC subunits in adipocytes under physiological conditions. There is previous evidence that PDC localizes to cancer cell nuclei where it plays a role in histone acetylation. On the basis of our ChIP data and these previous findings, we hypothesize that PDC may modulate STAT5's ability to regulate gene expression by controlling histone or STAT5 acetylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison J Richard
- From the Adipocyte Biology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70808 and
| | - Hardy Hang
- From the Adipocyte Biology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70808 and
| | - Jacqueline M Stephens
- From the Adipocyte Biology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70808 and .,the Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803
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11
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Méndez-del Villar M, Puebla-Pérez AM, Sánchez-Peña MJ, González-Ortiz LJ, Martínez-Abundis E, González-Ortiz M. Effect of Artemisia dracunculus Administration on Glycemic Control, Insulin Sensitivity, and Insulin Secretion in Patients with Impaired Glucose Tolerance. J Med Food 2016; 19:481-5. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2016.0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Méndez-del Villar
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Therapeutics, Health Sciences University Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Ana M. Puebla-Pérez
- Basic Science Division, University Center of Exact Sciences and Engineering, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - María J. Sánchez-Peña
- Basic Science Division, University Center of Exact Sciences and Engineering, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Luis J. González-Ortiz
- Basic Science Division, University Center of Exact Sciences and Engineering, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Esperanza Martínez-Abundis
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Therapeutics, Health Sciences University Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Manuel González-Ortiz
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Therapeutics, Health Sciences University Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
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12
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In vitro evaluation of 13 Artemisia species for an ability to release cholecystokinin. Food Sci Biotechnol 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-014-0233-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
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13
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Vandanmagsar B, Haynie KR, Wicks SE, Bermudez EM, Mendoza TM, Ribnicky D, Cefalu WT, Mynatt RL. Artemisia dracunculus L. extract ameliorates insulin sensitivity by attenuating inflammatory signalling in human skeletal muscle culture. Diabetes Obes Metab 2014; 16:728-38. [PMID: 24521217 PMCID: PMC4107009 DOI: 10.1111/dom.12274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Revised: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Bioactives of Artemisia dracunculus L. (termed PMI 5011) have been shown to improve insulin action by increasing insulin signalling in skeletal muscle. However, it was not known if PMI 5011's effects are retained during an inflammatory condition. We examined the attenuation of insulin action and whether PMI 5011 enhances insulin signalling in the inflammatory environment with elevated cytokines. METHODS Muscle cell cultures derived from lean, overweight and diabetic-obese subjects were used. Expression of pro-inflammatory genes and inflammatory response of human myotubes were evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Insulin signalling and activation of inflammatory pathways in human myotubes were evaluated by multiplex protein assays. RESULTS We found increased gene expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP1) and TNFα (tumour necrosis factor alpha), and basal activity of the NFkB (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells) pathway in myotubes derived from diabetic-obese subjects as compared with myotubes derived from normal-lean subjects. In line with this, basal Akt phosphorylation (Ser473) was significantly higher, while insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of Akt (Ser473) was lower in myotubes from normal-overweight and diabetic-obese subjects compared with normal-lean subjects. PMI 5011 treatment reduced basal phosphorylation of Akt and enhanced insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of Akt in the presence of cytokines in human myotubes. PMI 5011 treatment led to an inhibition of cytokine-induced activation of inflammatory signalling pathways such as Erk1/2 and IkBα (nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor, alpha)-NFkB and moreover, NFkB target gene expression, possibly by preventing further propagation of the inflammatory response within muscle tissue. CONCLUSIONS PMI 5011 improved insulin sensitivity in diabetic-obese myotubes to the level of normal-lean myotubes despite the presence of pro-inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bolormaa Vandanmagsar
- Gene Nutrient Interactions Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Kimberly R. Haynie
- Gene Nutrient Interactions Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Shawna E. Wicks
- Gene Nutrient Interactions Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Estrellita M. Bermudez
- Gene Nutrient Interactions Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Tamra M. Mendoza
- Gene Nutrient Interactions Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - David Ribnicky
- Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - William T. Cefalu
- Botanical Research Center, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Randall L. Mynatt
- Gene Nutrient Interactions Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA
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14
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Kheterpal I, Scherp P, Kelley L, Wang Z, Johnson W, Ribnicky D, Cefalu WT. Bioactives from Artemisia dracunculus L. enhance insulin sensitivity via modulation of skeletal muscle protein phosphorylation. Nutrition 2014; 30:S43-51. [PMID: 24985106 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A botanical extract from Artemisia dracunculus L., termed PMI 5011, has been shown to improve insulin sensitivity by increasing cellular insulin signaling in in vitro and in vivo studies. These studies suggest that PMI 5011 effects changes in phosphorylation levels of proteins involved in insulin signaling. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of this promising botanical extract on the human skeletal muscle phosphoproteome, by evaluating changes in site-specific protein phosphorylation levels in primary skeletal muscle cultures from obese, insulin-resistant individuals stimulated with and without insulin. METHODS Insulin resistance is a condition in which a normal or elevated insulin level results in an abnormal biologic response, e.g., glucose uptake. Using isobaric tagging for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ™) followed by phosphopeptide enrichment and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, 125 unique phosphopeptides and 159 unique phosphorylation sites from 80 unique proteins were identified and quantified. RESULTS Insulin stimulation of primary cultured muscle cells from insulin-resistant individuals resulted in minimal increase in phosphorylation, demonstrating impaired insulin action in this condition. Treatment with PMI 5011 resulted in significant up-regulation of 35 phosphopeptides that were mapped to proteins participating in the regulation of transcription, translation, actin cytoskeleton signaling, caveolae translocation, and translocation of glucose transporter 4. These data further showed that PMI 5011 increased phosphorylation levels of specific amino acids in proteins in the insulin-resistant state that are normally phosphorylated by insulin (thus, increasing cellular insulin signaling) and PMI 5011 also increased the abundance of phosphorylation sites of proteins regulating anti-apoptotic effects. CONCLUSION This phosphoproteomics analysis demonstrated conclusively that PMI 5011 effects changes in phosphorylation levels of proteins and identified novel pathways by which PMI 5011 exerts its insulin-sensitizing effects in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indu Kheterpal
- Protein Structural Biology and Proteomics and Metabolomics Core Facility, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Louisiana, USA
| | - Peter Scherp
- Protein Structural Biology and Proteomics and Metabolomics Core Facility, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Louisiana, USA
| | - Lauren Kelley
- Protein Structural Biology and Proteomics and Metabolomics Core Facility, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Louisiana, USA
| | - Zhong Wang
- Diabetes and Nutrition Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Louisiana, USA
| | - William Johnson
- Biostatistics and Data Management, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Louisiana, USA
| | - David Ribnicky
- Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - William T Cefalu
- Diabetes and Nutrition Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Louisiana, USA.
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15
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Simon L, LeCapitaine N, Berner P, Vande Stouwe C, Mussell JC, Allerton T, Primeaux SD, Dufour J, Nelson S, Bagby GJ, Cefalu W, Molina PE. Chronic binge alcohol consumption alters myogenic gene expression and reduces in vitro myogenic differentiation potential of myoblasts from rhesus macaques. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2014; 306:R837-44. [PMID: 24671243 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00502.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Chronic alcohol abuse is associated with skeletal muscle myopathy. Previously, we demonstrated that chronic binge alcohol (CBA) consumption by rhesus macaques accentuates skeletal muscle wasting at end-stage of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection. A proinflammatory, prooxidative milieu and enhanced ubiquitin proteasome activity were identified as possible mechanisms leading to loss of skeletal muscle. The possibility that impaired regenerative capacity, as reflected by the ability of myoblasts derived from satellite cell (SCs) to differentiate into myotubes has not been examined. We hypothesized that the inflammation and oxidative stress in skeletal muscle from CBA animals impair the differentiation capacity of myoblasts to form new myofibers in in vitro assays. We isolated primary myoblasts from the quadriceps femoris of rhesus macaques that were administered CBA or isocaloric sucrose (SUC) for 19 mo. Proliferation and differentiation potential of cultured myoblasts were examined in vitro. Myoblasts from the CBA group had significantly reduced PAX7, MYOD1, MYOG, MYF5, and MEF2C expression. This was associated with decreased myotube formation as evidenced by Jenner-Giemsa staining and myonuclei fusion index. No significant difference in the proliferative ability, cell cycle distribution, or autophagy was detected between myoblasts isolated from CBA and SUC groups. Together, these results reflect marked dysregulation of myoblast myogenic gene expression and myotube formation, which we interpret as evidence of impaired skeletal muscle regenerative capacity in CBA-administered macaques. The contribution of this mechanism to alcoholic myopathy warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liz Simon
- Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University, Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Lousiana
| | - Nicole LeCapitaine
- Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University, Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Lousiana; Comprehensive Alcohol Research Center, Louisiana State University, Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Lousiana
| | - Paul Berner
- Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University, Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Lousiana
| | - Curtis Vande Stouwe
- Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University, Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Lousiana
| | - Jason C Mussell
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Timothy Allerton
- Joint Program on Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge and Louisiana State University, Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Stefany D Primeaux
- Joint Program on Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge and Louisiana State University, Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Jason Dufour
- Division of Veterinary Medicine, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana; and
| | - Steve Nelson
- Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University, Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Lousiana; Comprehensive Alcohol Research Center, Louisiana State University, Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Lousiana; School of Medicine, Louisiana State University, Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Gregory J Bagby
- Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University, Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Lousiana; Comprehensive Alcohol Research Center, Louisiana State University, Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Lousiana; School of Medicine, Louisiana State University, Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - William Cefalu
- Joint Program on Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge and Louisiana State University, Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Patricia E Molina
- Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University, Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Lousiana; Comprehensive Alcohol Research Center, Louisiana State University, Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Lousiana;
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16
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Diabetic peripheral neuropathy: Current perspective and future directions. Pharmacol Res 2014; 80:21-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2013.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Revised: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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17
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Niederberger E, Geisslinger G. Proteomics and NF-κB: an update. Expert Rev Proteomics 2013; 10:189-204. [PMID: 23573785 DOI: 10.1586/epr.13.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor NF-κB was discovered in 1986 and since then has been extensively studied in relation to cancer research and inflammatory or autoimmune diseases due to its important roles in the regulation of apoptosis and inflammation as well as innate and adaptive immunity. Although much is known about NF-κB signaling, novel NF-κB functions in different diseases are still being uncovered, together with its target proteins, interaction partners and regulators of its activation cascade. Proteomic approaches are particularly suited to the discovery of new proteins involved in distinct signal transduction cascades. This review provides an update on and extension of a recent review that summarized a number of proteomic approaches to NF-κB signaling. The studies discussed here utilized innovative techniques and offer several new hypotheses on the role of NF-κB in physiological and pathophysiological processes, which open new avenues for research on NF-κB in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Niederberger
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Theodor Stern Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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18
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Inhibitory activity of coumarins from Artemisia capillaris against advanced glycation endproduct formation. Arch Pharm Res 2012; 35:1021-35. [PMID: 22870812 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-012-0610-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2012] [Revised: 03/20/2012] [Accepted: 03/22/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Since glycation can lead to the onset of diabetic complications due to chronic hyperglycemia, several indigenous Artemisia species were evaluated as potential inhibitors of advanced glycation endproducts (AGE). Among them, the Artemisia capillaris plant demonstrated the highest AGE inhibitory activity. Repeated column chromatography was performed to isolate a new acylated flavonoid glycoside, acacetin-7-O-(6″-O-acetyl)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl]-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside, along with 11 known flavonoids (acacetin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl]-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside, linarin, quercetin, hyperoside, isorhamnetin, isorhamnetin 3-galactoside, isorhamnetin 3-glucoside, isorhamnetin 3-arabinoside, isorhamnetin 3-robinobioside, arcapillin, and cirsilineol), six coumarins (umbelliferone, esculetin, scopoletin, scopolin, isoscopolin, and scoparone), and two phenolic derivatives (4,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid and chlorogenic acid). In determining the structure-activity relationship (SAR), it was found that the presence and position of hydroxyl group of test coumarins (coumarin, esculin, isoscopoletin, daphnetin, 4-methylcoumarin, and six isolated coumarins) may play a crucial role in AGE inhibition. A free hydroxyl group at C-7 and a glucosyl group instead of a methoxyl group at C-6 are two important parameters for the inhibitory potential of coumarins on AGE formation. A. capillaris and five key AGE inhibitors, including 4,5-di-Ocaffeoylquinic acid, umbelliferone, esculetin, esculin, and scopoletin, were identified as potential candidates for use as therapeutic or preventive agents for diabetic complications and oxidative stress-related diseases. We understand this to be the first detailed study on the SAR of coumarins in AGE inhibition.
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19
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Scherp P, Putluri N, LeBlanc GJ, Wang ZQ, Zhang XH, Yu Y, Ribnicky D, Cefalu WT, Kheterpal I. Proteomic analysis reveals cellular pathways regulating carbohydrate metabolism that are modulated in primary human skeletal muscle culture due to treatment with bioactives from Artemisia dracunculus L. J Proteomics 2012; 75:3199-210. [PMID: 22480907 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2012.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2011] [Revised: 03/14/2012] [Accepted: 03/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance is a major pathophysiologic abnormality that characterizes metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. A well characterized ethanolic extract of Artemisia dracunculus L., termed PMI 5011, has been shown to improve insulin action in vitro and in vivo, but the cellular mechanisms remain elusive. Using differential proteomics, we have studied mechanisms by which PMI 5011 enhances insulin action in primary human skeletal muscle culture obtained by biopsy from obese, insulin-resistant individuals. Using iTRAQ™ labeling and LC-MS/MS, we have identified over 200 differentially regulated proteins due to treatment with PMI 5011 and insulin stimulation. Bioinformatics analyses determined that several metabolic pathways related to glycolysis, glucose transport and cell signaling were highly represented and differentially regulated in the presence of PMI 5011 indicating that this extract affects several pathways modulating carbohydrate metabolism, including translocation of GLUT4 to the plasma membrane. These findings provide a molecular mechanism by which a botanical extract improves insulin stimulated glucose uptake, transport and metabolism at the cellular level resulting in enhanced whole body insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Scherp
- Protein Structural Biology, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
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20
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Obolskiy D, Pischel I, Feistel B, Glotov N, Heinrich M. Artemisia dracunculus L. (tarragon): a critical review of its traditional use, chemical composition, pharmacology, and safety. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:11367-84. [PMID: 21942448 DOI: 10.1021/jf202277w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Artemisia dracunculus L. (tarragon) has a long history of use as a spice and remedy. Two well-described "cultivars" (Russian and French) are used widely and differ in ploidy level, morphology, and chemistry. Key biologically active secondary metabolites are essential oils (0.15-3.1%), coumarins (>1%), flavonoids, and phenolcarbonic acids. In vivo studies mainly in rodents, particularly from Russian sources, highlight potential anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, and antihyperglycemic effects. Despite concerns about the toxic effects of two of its main constituents, estragole (up to 82%) and methyleugenol (up to 39%), no acute toxicity or mutagenic activity has been reported at doses relevant for human consumption. Water extracts of A. dracunculus contain very low amounts of estragole and methyleugenol and, therefore, are considered to pose a very limited risk. Overall, a stronger focus on clinical studies and precise taxonomic and phytochemical definition of the source material will be essential for future research efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Obolskiy
- Center for Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, The School of Pharmacy (University of London), 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
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21
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Kheterpal I, Ku G, Coleman L, Yu G, Ptitsyn AA, Floyd ZE, Gimble JM. Proteome of human subcutaneous adipose tissue stromal vascular fraction cells versus mature adipocytes based on DIGE. J Proteome Res 2011; 10:1519-27. [PMID: 21261302 PMCID: PMC3070065 DOI: 10.1021/pr100887r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue contains a heterogeneous population of mature adipocytes, endothelial cells, immune cells, pericytes, and preadipocytic stromal/stem cells. To date, a majority of proteomic analyses have focused on intact adipose tissue or isolated adipose stromal/stem cells in vitro. In this study, human subcutaneous adipose tissue from multiple depots (arm and abdomen) obtained from female donors was separated into populations of stromal vascular fraction cells and mature adipocytes. Out of 960 features detected by 2-D gel electrophoresis, a total of 200 features displayed a 2-fold up- or down-regulation relative to each cell population. The protein identity of 136 features was determined. Immunoblot analyses comparing SVF relative to adipocytes confirmed that carbonic anhydrase II was up-regulated in both adipose depots while catalase was up-regulated in the arm only. Bioinformatic analyses of the data set determined that cytoskeletal, glycogenic, glycolytic, lipid metabolic, and oxidative stress related pathways were highly represented as differentially regulated between the mature adipocytes and stromal vascular fraction cells. These findings extend previous reports in the literature with respect to the adipose tissue proteome and the consequences of adipogenesis. The proteins identified may have value as biomarkers for monitoring the physiology and pathology of cell populations within subcutaneous adipose depots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indu Kheterpal
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Core Facility, Louisiana State University System, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA 70808
- Protein Structural Biology, Louisiana State University System, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA 70808
| | - Ginger Ku
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Core Facility, Louisiana State University System, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA 70808
- Protein Structural Biology, Louisiana State University System, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA 70808
| | - Liana Coleman
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Core Facility, Louisiana State University System, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA 70808
| | - Gang Yu
- Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Louisiana State University System, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA 70808
| | - Andrey A. Ptitsyn
- Center for Bioinformatics, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Department of Microbiology Immunology & Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1682
| | - Z. Elizabeth Floyd
- Ubiquitin Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA 70808
| | - Jeffrey M. Gimble
- Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Louisiana State University System, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA 70808
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22
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Watcho P, Stavniichuk R, Tane P, Shevalye H, Maksimchyk Y, Pacher P, Obrosova IG. Evaluation of PMI-5011, an ethanolic extract of Artemisia dracunculus L., on peripheral neuropathy in streptozotocin-diabetic mice. Int J Mol Med 2011; 27:299-307. [PMID: 21225225 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2011.597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2010] [Accepted: 12/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that PMI-5011, an ethanolic extract of Artemisia dracunculus L., alleviates peripheral neuropathy in high fat diet-fed mice, a model of prediabetes and obesity developing oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory changes in the peripheral nervous system. This study evaluated PMI-5011 on established functional, structural, and biochemical changes associated with Type I diabetic peripheral neuropathy. C57Bl6/J mice with streptozotocin-induced diabetes of a 12-week duration, developed motor and sensory nerve conduction velocity deficits, thermal and mechanical hypoalgesia, tactile allodynia, and intra-epidermal nerve fiber loss. PMI-5011 (500 mg/kg/day for 7 weeks) alleviated diabetes-induced nerve conduction slowing, small sensory nerve fiber dysfunction, and increased intra-epidermal nerve fiber density. PMI-5011 blunted sciatic nerve and spinal cord 12/15-lipoxygenase activation and oxidative-nitrosative stress, without ameliorating hyperglycemia or reducing sciatic nerve sorbitol pathway intermediate accumulation. In conclusion, PMI-5011, a safe and non-toxic botanical extract, may find use in the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Watcho
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
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23
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Abstract
Proteomics refers to the analysis of expression, localization, functions, posttranslational modifications, and interactions of proteins expressed by a genome at a specific condition and at a specific time. Mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomic methods have emerged as a key technology for unbiased systematic and high-throughput identification and quantification of complex protein mixtures. These methods have the potential to reveal unknown and novel changes in protein interactions and assemblies that regulate cellular and physiological processes. Both gel-based (one-dimensional [1D] gel electrophoresis, two-dimensional [2D] polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, 2D difference in-gel electrophoresis [DIGE]) and gel-free (liquid chromatography [LC], capillary electrophoresis) approaches have been developed and utilized in a variety of combinations to separate proteins prior to mass spectrometric analysis. Detailed protocols for global proteomic analysis from adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) using two central strategies, 2D-DIGE-MS and 2D-LC-MS, are presented here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Scherp
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Core, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
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24
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Wang ZQ, Ribnicky D, Zhang XH, Zuberi A, Raskin I, Yu Y, Cefalu WT. An extract of Artemisia dracunculus L. enhances insulin receptor signaling and modulates gene expression in skeletal muscle in KK-A(y) mice. J Nutr Biochem 2010; 22:71-8. [PMID: 20447816 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2009.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2009] [Revised: 11/22/2009] [Accepted: 11/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
An ethanolic extract of Artemisia dracunculus L. (PMI 5011) has been observed to decrease glucose and insulin levels in animal models, but the cellular mechanisms by which insulin action is enhanced in vivo are not precisely known. In this study, we evaluated the effects of PMI 5011 to modulate gene expression and cellular signaling through the insulin receptor in skeletal muscle of KK-A(y) mice. Eighteen male KK-A(y) mice were randomized to a diet (w/w) mixed with PMI 5011 (1%) or diet alone for 8 weeks. Food intake, adiposity, glucose and insulin were assessed over the study, and at study completion, vastus lateralis muscle was obtained to assess insulin signaling parameters and gene expression. Animals randomized to PMI 5011 were shown to have enhanced insulin sensitivity and increased insulin receptor signaling, i.e., IRS-associated PI-3 kinase activity, Akt-1 activity and Akt phosphorylation, in skeletal muscle when compared to control animals (P<.01, P<.01 and P<.001, respectively). Gene expression for insulin signaling proteins, i.e., IRS-1, PI-3 kinase and Glut-4, was not increased, although a relative increase in protein abundance was noted with PMI 5011 treatment. Gene expression for specific ubiquitin proteins and specific 20S proteasome activity, in addition to skeletal muscle phosphatase activity, i.e., PTP1B activity, was significantly decreased in mice randomized to PMI 5011 relative to control. Thus, the data demonstrate that PMI 5011 increases insulin sensitivity and enhances insulin receptor signaling in an animal model of insulin resistance. PMI 5011 may modulate skeletal muscle protein degradation and phosphatase activity as a possible mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Q Wang
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
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