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Xu F, Qin Y, Guan C. Discovery of components in honeysuckle for treating COVID-19 and diabetes based on molecular docking, network analysis and experimental validation. Nat Prod Res 2024:1-5. [PMID: 38591097 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2024.2340040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Molecular docking screening identified ochnaflavone, madreselvin B and hydnocarpin as key components for treating COVID-19 with diabetes in honeysuckle using 3 C-like protease (Mpro), angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), and dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) as molecular docking targets, ACE2, DPP4, IL2, NFKB1, PLG, TBK1, TLR4 and TNF were the core targets, and multiple antiviral and anti-inflammatory signalling pathways were involved. Further, the levels of IL-1β and DPP4 in cell supernatant that had been activated by LPS was decreased by hypnocarpin, and ACE2 protein and DPP4 mRNA in cells were down-regulated. Overall, we have identified three components from honeysuckle that have potency to treat COVID-19 combined with diabetes. SARS-CoV-2 transcription may be inhibited by these components in honeysuckle, reducing virus invasion, inhibiting inflammatory factors, and improving immune response. Our findings could provide a basis for the clinical application and further development of honeysuckle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Ya Qin
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Changxiu Guan
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
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2
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Ran Z, Ding W, Yu H, Zhang L, Fang L, Guo L, Zhou J. Combinatorial transcriptomics and metabolomics analysis reveals the effects of the harvesting stages on the accumulation of phenylpropanoid metabolites in Lonicera japonica. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2023; 50:808-820. [PMID: 37607828 DOI: 10.1071/fp23033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
The flower buds of Lonicera japonica are widely used for its high medicinal value. It is reported that the accumulation of phenylpropanoids in the buds of L. japonica is affected by the stage at which it is harvested. However, the changes of active components and the underlying mechanisms in flower buds at different harvesting stages have not been reported. Integrative analyses of transcriptomics and metabolomics was used to explore the underlying mechanism of harvesting stages (green bud, GB; and white bud, WB) on the phenylpropanoids metabolites accumulation in L. japonica . The result showed that 3735 differentially expressed genes were identified, and the genes related to glycolysis/gluconeogenesis and phenylalanine biosynthesis pathway were significantly upregulated in GB stage. A total of 510 differential metabolites were identified in GB stage. Among them, 14 phenylpropanoids were changed during the GB and WB, seven of which increased in GB, including caffeic acid, sauchinone, coniferin, secoisolariciresinol diglucoside, scopolin, methyl cinnamate, chlorogenic acid, 7-hydroxycoumarin, while others such as sibiricose A6, coumarin, eleutheroside E decreased. Further correlation analysis showed that the unigenes for CSE, CAD, bg1, ADH, ALDH, DLAT and ENO significantly correlated with the 10 phenylpropanoid. The above results would provide basic data for the selection of harvesting stages in the production of L. japonica .
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifang Ran
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China; and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, PR China
| | - Weina Ding
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Hongxia Yu
- Weihai (Wendeng) Authentic Ginseng Industry Development Co. Ltd., Wendeng 264407, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Shandong Zhongping Pharmaceutical Industry, Linyi 273399, China
| | - Lei Fang
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Lanping Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
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3
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Li Y, Xie L, Liu K, Li X, Xie F. Bioactive components and beneficial bioactivities of flowers, stems, leaves of Lonicera japonica Thunberg: A review. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2022.104570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Wan J, Jiang CX, Tang Y, Ma GL, Tong YP, Jin ZX, Zang Y, E.A. Osman E, Li J, Xiong J, Hu JF. Structurally diverse glycosides of secoiridoid, bisiridoid, and triterpene-bisiridoid conjugates from the flower buds of two Caprifoliaceae plants and their ATP-citrate lyase inhibitory activities. Bioorg Chem 2022; 120:105630. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.105630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Ge L, Xie Q, Jiang Y, Xiao L, Wan H, Zhou B, Wu S, Tian J, Zeng X. Genus Lonicera: New drug discovery from traditional usage to modern chemical and pharmacological research. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 96:153889. [PMID: 35026509 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lonicera Linn. belonging to the family Caprifoliaceae, the largest genus in the plant family, includes about more than 200 species, which are mainly distributed in northern Africa, North America, Europe and Asia. Some species of this genus have been usually used in traditional Chinese medicine as well as functional foods, cosmetics and other applications, such as L. japonica Thunb. Bioactive components and pharmacological activities of the genus Lonicera plants have received an increasing interest from the scientific community. Thus, a comprehensive and systematic review on their traditional usage in China, chemical components, and their pharmacological properties of their whole plants, bioactive extracts, and bioactive isolates including partial structure-activity relationships from the genus is indispensable. METHODS Information on genus Lonicera of this systematic electronic literature search was gathered via the published articles, patents, clinical trials website (https://clinicaltrials.gov/) and several online bibliographic databases (PubMed, Sci Finder, Research Gate, Science Direct, CNKI, Web of Science and Google Scholar). The following keywords were used for the online search: Lonicera, phytochemical composition, Lonicerae japonica, Lonicera review articles, bioactivities of Lonicera, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antimicrobial, anticancer, hepatoprotective, antioxidant, neuroprotective, anti-diabetic, and clinical trials. This review paper consists of a total of 225 papers covering the Lonicera genus from 1800 to 2021, including research articles, reviews, patents, and book chapters. RESULTS In this review (1800s-2021), about 420 components from the genus of Lonicera Linn. including 87 flavonoids, 222 terpenoids, 51 organic acids, and other compounds, together with their pharmacological activities including anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antimicrobial, anticancer, hepatoprotective, antioxidant, neuroprotective, antidiabetic, anti-allergic, immunomodulatory effects, and toxicity were summarized. CONCLUSION The relationship is discussed among their traditional usage, their pharmacological properties, and their chemical components, which indicate the genus Lonicera have a large prospect in terms of new drug exploitation, especially in COVID-19 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanlan Ge
- Center Lab of Longhua Branch and Department of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, China; Department of Pathology (Longhua Branch), Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, China
| | - Qiujie Xie
- Center Lab of Longhua Branch and Department of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, China
| | - Yuanyuan Jiang
- Center Lab of Longhua Branch and Department of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, China
| | - Lingyun Xiao
- Center Lab of Longhua Branch and Department of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, China
| | - Haoqiang Wan
- Center Lab of Longhua Branch and Department of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, China; Department of Pathology (Longhua Branch), Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, China
| | - Boping Zhou
- Center Lab of Longhua Branch and Department of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, China
| | - Shipin Wu
- Center Lab of Longhua Branch and Department of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, China
| | - Jun Tian
- College of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, China.
| | - Xiaobin Zeng
- Center Lab of Longhua Branch and Department of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, China; Department of Pathology (Longhua Branch), Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Medicine School of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518037, China.
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Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses provide insights into the biosynthesis of chlorogenic acids in Lonicera macranthoides Hand.-Mazz. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251390. [PMID: 34038434 PMCID: PMC8153468 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Lonicera macranthoides Hand.-Mazz (L. macranthoides) is a medicinal herb that is widely distributed in South China. The developmental stage and corolla dehiscence of the flower are the important factors affecting the quality of medicinal ingredients. However, neither the regulatory mechanism controlling chlorogenic acids biosynthesis in L. macranthoides nor the molecular basis of effect of corolla dehiscence on the quality of medicinal materials is fully understood. In this study, metabolomics and transcriptomics were used to analyze the metabolic and transcriptional differences of two different cultivars closed bud type (Bt), and flowering type (Ft), as well as the effect of jasmonic acid methyl ester (MeJA) on chlorogenic acids (CGAs) biosynthesis. In total, large number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) were filtered among three lines of samples. Gene metabolite correlation analyses revealed a ‘core set’ of 30 genes and 54 genes that were strongly correlated with CGAs biosynthesis and regulating the flowering, respectively. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction results proved the alterations in the expression levels of genes encoding the pathways involved in CGAs biosynthesis. The ion abundances of CGAs were most significantly increased, while some of the CGAs derived and Caffeoyl-CoA-derived substances showed the most largely reduced abundances in the closed bud type (Bt) compared to the flowering type (Ft). MeJA may leads to the activation of downstream genes in CGAs biosynthesis pathway. Overall, there were significant differences in the transcriptional and metabolic levels of CGAs biosynthesis pathway in flower buds of different flowering cultivars. The redirection of metabolic flux may contribute to increased accumulation of CGAs. However, whether MeJA and flowering have direct effects on the accumulation of CGAs needs further studied. These researches effectively expanded the functional genomic library and provide new insights into CGAs biosynthesis in L. macranthoides.
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Liu S, Yang L, Wang S, Pan J. Simultaneous Determination of 9 Main Components of Lonicera japonica Thunb. by UPLC-MS/MS and Analysed Combine With Chemometrics. Nat Prod Commun 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x20953272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this article is to establish a method to use ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UPLC)-mass spectrometry (MS)/MS to simultaneously determine 9 main components of Lonicera japonica Thunb. in negative-ion scanning mode, and the main components were analyzed by chemometrics. The chromatographic separation uses the Thermo Hypersil GOLD column (100 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.9 µm) with a constant temperature of 45 °C. The mobile phase consists of methanol and water containing 0.2% formic acid. The results show that 9 compounds had a good linear relationship ( R² > 0.9991), and both intraday and interday precisions and stability have the eligible ranges of relative SDs (RSDs; 0.96%-2.26%, 0.52%-3.04%, and 0.85%-2.15%, respectively). The recovery rates were between 75.90% and 110.58%. The results of chemometrics including hierarchical cluster analysis and principal component analysis showed that there were obvious differences in the content of active components in L. japonica from different regions, and the compounds with the highest contribution to the drug were identified. Through the UPLC-MS/MS combined chemometrics analysis of L. japonica, this experiment can provide a reference for further research on the modernization and innovation of L. japonica and the application research of a high level and multidirection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songtao Liu
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi, China
| | - Song Wang
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Junying Pan
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
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Li J, Ye C, Chang C. Comparative transcriptomics analysis revealing flower trichome development during flower development in two Lonicera japonica Thunb. cultivars using RNA-seq. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:341. [PMID: 32680457 PMCID: PMC7368687 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02546-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lonicera japonica Thunb. (L. japonica) has the functions of clearing away heat and detoxifying, broad-spectrum antibacterial and anti-virus, etc. More than 70% of anti-inflammatory and cold Chinese patent medicines contain L. japonica. Trichomes comprise specialized multicellular structures that have the capacity to synthesize and secrete secondary metabolites and protect plants from biotic and abiotic stresses. The extraction of trichome secretions has great commercial value. However, little is known about the trichome formation mechanism in L. japonica. Therefore, the study of trichome development between different varieties provides a basis for selecting suitable planting resources. RESULTS Here, we present a genome-wide comparative transcriptome analysis between two L. japonica cultivars, toward the identification of biological processes and functional gene activities that occur during flowering stage trichome development. In this study, the density and average lengths of flower trichomes were at their highest during three-green periods (S2). Using the Illumina RNA-Seq method, we obtained 134,304 unigenes, 33,733 of which were differentially expressed. In an analysis of 40 differentially expressed unigenes (DEGs) involved in trichome development, 29 of these were transcription factors. The DEGs analysis of plant hormone signal transduction indicated that plant growth and development may be independent of gibberellin (GA) and cytokinine (CTK) signaling pathways, and plant stress may be independent of jasmonic acid (JA) and ethylene (ET) signaling pathways. We screened several genes involved in the floral biosynthesis of odors, tastes, colors, and plant hormones, and proposed biosynthetic pathways for sesquiterpenoid, triterpenoid, monoterpenoid, flavonoid, and plant hormones. Furthermore, 82 DEGs were assigned to cell cycles and 2616 were predicted as plant resistance genes (PRGs). CONCLUSIONS This study provides a comprehensive characterization of the expression profiles of flower development during the seven developmental stages of L. japonica, thereby offering valuable insights into the molecular networks that underly flower development in L. japonica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Li
- Green Medicine Biotechnology Henan Engineering Laboratory, Engineering Technology Research Center of Nursing and Utilization of Genuine Chinese Crude Drugs in Henan Province, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China.
| | - Chenglin Ye
- Green Medicine Biotechnology Henan Engineering Laboratory, Engineering Technology Research Center of Nursing and Utilization of Genuine Chinese Crude Drugs in Henan Province, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Cuifang Chang
- State Key Laboratory Cell Differentiation and Regulation, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, China.
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Shin S. Using herbal medicine (Cheong-Yeol Sodang-decoction) for fasting blood glucose in patients with diabetes mellitus and pre-diabetes mellitus: a retrospective chart review. Integr Med Res 2020; 9:100413. [PMID: 32426227 PMCID: PMC7226891 DOI: 10.1016/j.imr.2020.100413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Wu L, Guo C, Wu J. Therapeutic potential of PPARγ natural agonists in liver diseases. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:2736-2748. [PMID: 32031298 PMCID: PMC7077554 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is a vital subtype of the PPAR family. The biological functions are complex and diverse. PPARγ plays a significant role in protecting the liver from inflammation, oxidation, fibrosis, fatty liver and tumours. Natural products are a promising pool for drug discovery, and enormous research effort has been invested in exploring the PPARγ‐activating potential of natural products. In this manuscript, we will review the research progress of PPARγ agonists from natural products in recent years and probe into the application potential and prospects of PPARγ natural agonists in the therapy of various liver diseases, including inflammation, hepatic fibrosis, non‐alcoholic fatty liver and liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Putuo People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuanyong Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Putuo People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianye Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Putuo People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Shimamura Y, Shibata M, Sato M, Nagai R, Yang P, Shiokawa KI, Kikuchi H, Masuda S. Anti-hyperglycemic Activity and Inhibition of Advanced Glycation End Products by Lonicera japonica Thunb. in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.26.825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Shimamura
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | | | - Midori Sato
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | - Ryoji Nagai
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokai University
| | - Ping Yang
- Japan Preventive Medical Laboratory Co., Ltd
| | | | | | - Shuichi Masuda
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka
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Wu Z, Chen L, Guo Z, Li K, Fu Y, Zhu J, Chen X, Huang C, Zheng C, Ma Y, Li X, Zhou J, Wang Z, Xiao W, Wang Y. Systems pharmacology uncovers serotonergic pathway mediated psychotherapeutic effects of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Papadi G, Wesseling S, Troganis AN, Vervoort J, Rietjens IMCM. Induction of EpRE-mediated gene expression by a series of mediterranean botanicals and their constituents. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 240:111940. [PMID: 31071423 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.111940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE A variety of Mediterranean plant species, traditionally used for the prevention and treatment of several health conditions, contain ingredients with potential biological activity of which many remain unexplored. Among the beneficial health effects of bioactive phytochemicals is the activation of cellular defense mechanisms involving the activation of EpRE (electrophile responsive element) - mediated changes in gene expression. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study aimed to identify botanicals and their active constituents able to activate the EpRE mediated gene expression within a series of Mediterranean plant species known for their hepatoprotective and/or cardioprotective properties. MATERIALS AND METHODS Methanolic extracts of 18 botanicals were prepared and tested for their ability to induce gene expression in EpRE-LUX reporter cells. Subsequently, LC-MS (Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry) analysis combined with MAGMa (MS Annotation based on in silico Generated Metabolites) software for automated compound annotation was used to facilitate tentative identification of the active constituents within two of the active extracts. Selected annotated compounds were tested in the EpRE-LUX reporter gene assay followed by definite identification of the most active ones. RESULTS It appeared that 9 of the 18 extracts were able to activate EpRE-mediated gene expression. Many active ingredients of the methanolic extracts from Juglans regia and Rhamnus frangula were revealed. Among them, chrysophanol and aloe-emodin were confirmed to be active EpRE inducing ingredients and were definitely identified in the Rhamnus Frangula extract. CONCLUSIONS The protective effect of half of the tested botanical varieties via the activation of EpRE-mediated gene expression was confirmed. The study also provided an example of how in vitro bioassays can be combined with LC-MS and the automated chemical annotation software MAGMa, to identify biologically active constituents in complex botanical extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Papadi
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University and Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708, WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands; Department of Biological Applications & Technology, University of Ioannina, 45110, Ioannina, Greece.
| | - Sebastiaan Wesseling
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University and Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708, WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Anastassios N Troganis
- Department of Biological Applications & Technology, University of Ioannina, 45110, Ioannina, Greece.
| | - Jacques Vervoort
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University and Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708, WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Ivonne M C M Rietjens
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University and Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708, WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Han SY, Chae HS, You BH, Chin YW, Kim H, Choi HS, Choi YH. Lonicera japonica extract increases metformin distribution in the liver without change of systemic exposed metformin in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 238:111892. [PMID: 31004727 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.111892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Flower and flower bud of Lonicera japonica, Lonicerae Flos, have been popularly used as medicinal plant for the treatment of clearing heat and thirst, thereby improving diabetic or diabetic associated symptoms (thirst and poor eyesight). AIM OF THE STUDY Organic cation transporters (OCTs) and multi-drug and toxin extrusion proteins (MATEs) are known to play important roles in metformin transport in the liver and kidneys. Thus, there might be interactions between Lonicerae Flos and metformin via OCTs and MATEs. Also treatment period has been issued in transporter-mediated drug interactions. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of Lonicerae Flos ethanol extract (LJ) on metformin pharmacokinetics and its glucose lowering activity in different treatment periods. MATERIALS AND METHODS Effect of LJ on metformin uptake was evaluated in vitro HEK-293 cells expressing human OCTs or MATEs. Treatment period-dependent impact of LJ on systemic exposure and hepatic distribution of metformin as well as its glucose tolerance activity were assessed in in vivo rats. RESULTS LJ substantially inhibited MATE1-mediated metformin uptake in vitro. In evaluating treatment period effects of LJ and metformin, 1-, 7-, and 28-day co-treatments of LJ with metformin did not change systemic exposure of metformin compared to those in metformin alone. Whereas, 28-day co-treatment of LJ with metformin increased metformin concentration in liver as a pharmacological target site of metformin. It could be due to the reduced MATE1-mediated metformin efflux from hepatocytes to bile by MATE1 inhibition in liver. Glucose tolerance activity was also enhanced by 28-day co-treatment of LJ and metformin compared to metformin alone. CONCLUSIONS In 28-day co-treatment of LJ and metformin, LJ increased metformin concentration in liver and improved glucose tolerance activity without systemic exposure change of metformin, suggesting the importance to consider treatment period effect and both systemic exposure and tissue distribution in drug interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Yon Han
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University_Seoul, 32 Dongguk-lo, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Sung Chae
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University_Seoul, 32 Dongguk-lo, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung Hoon You
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University_Seoul, 32 Dongguk-lo, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Won Chin
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University_Seoul, 32 Dongguk-lo, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Hojun Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, 27, Dongguk-lo, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Seok Choi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, 27, Dongguk-lo, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hee Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University_Seoul, 32 Dongguk-lo, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 10326, Republic of Korea.
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Yang ZZ, Yu YT, Lin HR, Liao DC, Cui XH, Wang HB. Lonicera japonica extends lifespan and healthspan in Caenorhabditis elegans. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 129:310-322. [PMID: 30266681 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Lonicera japonica (LJ) is widely used as the local medicine to improve body and prevent ills in China, but mechanisms of its healthy beneficial effects remain largely unclear. Here, we evaluated the anti-aging and healthspan promoting activities of 75% ethanol extract of LJ (LJ-E) in the animal model Caenorhabditis elegans. Our results showed that LJ-E (500 μg/mL) treatment enhanced the mean lifespan of worms by over 21.87% and significantly improved age-associated physiological functions in C. elegans. The 500 μg/mL concentration of LJ-E enhanced the survival rates under oxidative and thermal stresses, and decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and fat accumulation in the worms. Gene-specific mutant studies showed that LJ-E-mediated lifespan extension was dependent on mev-1, daf-2, daf-16, and hsf-1, but not eat-2 genes. LJ-E could upregulate stress-inducible genes, viz., hsp-16.2, sod-3 and mtl-1. Moreover, we found that the D1086.10 protein interacted with superoxide dismutase (SOD)-3 by functional protein association networks analysis according to RNA-sequencing results. It was confirmed that D1086.10 was needed to promote longevity, and positively regulated expression of sod-3 by using D1086.10 mutants. Furthermore, LJ-E significantly delayed amyloid β-protein induced paralysis in CL4176 strain. Given the important role of autophagy in aging and protein homeostasis, we observed that LJ-E could remarkably increase the mRNA expression of autophagy gene bec-1 in CL4176 strain, and decrease expression of autophagy substrate p62 protein by more than 40.0% in BC12921 strain. Finally, we found that combination composed of three major compounds (54 μg/mL chlorogenic acid, 15 μg/mL 1,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid and 7.5 μg/mL 1,3-dicaffeoylquinic acid) of 500 μg/mL LJ-E could significantly delay paralysis in CL4176 worms caused by Aβ toxicity, comparable to that of LJ-E. Overall, our study may have important implications in using Lonicera japonica to promote healthy aging and have a potency to design therapeutics for age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Zhou Yang
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Ying-Ting Yu
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Hong-Ru Lin
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - De-Chun Liao
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiang-Huan Cui
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Hong-Bing Wang
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
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16
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Characterization of a pectin from Lonicera japonica Thunb. and its inhibition effect on Aβ42 aggregation and promotion of neuritogenesis. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 107:112-120. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.08.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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17
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Shin NR, Bose S, Wang JH, Ansari A, Lim SK, Chin YW, Choi HS, Kim H. Flos Lonicera Combined with Metformin Ameliorates Hepatosteatosis and Glucose Intolerance in Association with Gut Microbiota Modulation. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:2271. [PMID: 29204141 PMCID: PMC5698303 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is important in energy contribution, metabolism and immune modulation, and compositional disruption of the gut microbiota population is closely associated with chronic metabolic diseases like type 2 diabetes (T2D) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Metformin (MET) and Flos Lonicera (FL) are common treatments for metabolic diseases in Western and Oriental medicinal fields. We evaluated the effect of treatment with FL and MET in combination on hepatosteatosis, glucose tolerance, and gut microbial composition. FL and MET were administered to Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats, an animal model of genetic T2D and NAFLD. The FL+MET treatment reduced liver weight, serum cholesterol, insulin resistance, and hepatic MDA level and modulated the gut microbial composition. More specifically, the genera of Prevotella and Lactobacillus were negatively associated with the body and liver weights, hepatic TG and TC content, and serum insulin level. However, the relative abundance of these genera decreased in response to the FL+MET treatment. Interestingly, pathway prediction data revealed that the FL+MET treatment attenuated lipopolysaccharide-related pathways, in keeping with the decrease in serum and fecal endotoxin levels. FL and MET in combination exerts a synergistic effect on the improvement of hepatosteatosis and insulin sensitivity in OLETF rats, and modulates gut microbiota in association with the effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na R Shin
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Goyang, South Korea
| | | | - Jing-Hua Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Goyang, South Korea
| | - AbuZar Ansari
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Soo-Kyoung Lim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Young-Won Chin
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Han-Seok Choi
- Department of Endocrinology, Dongguk University, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Hojun Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Goyang, South Korea
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18
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Yatoo MI, Saxena A, Gopalakris A, Alagawany M, Dhama K. Promising Antidiabetic Drugs, Medicinal Plants and Herbs: An Update. INT J PHARMACOL 2017. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2017.732.745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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19
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Wang D, Zhao X, Liu Y. Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of a polysaccharide from flower buds of Lonicera japonica in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 102:396-404. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.04.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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20
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Lee IS, Kim KS, Kim KH, Park J, Jeong HS, Kim Y, Na YC, Lee SG, Ahn KS, Lee JH, Jang HJ. Anti-diabetic and anti-obesitic effects of aqueous extracts of Yangkyuksanhwa-tang and its two major compositions on db/db mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 83:431-438. [PMID: 27424324 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- In-Seung Lee
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Suk Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang-Hoon Kim
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyoung Park
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Soo Jeong
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Yumi Kim
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea; Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, 150 Bugahyeon-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-140, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Cheol Na
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Geun Lee
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Seok Ahn
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hee Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyeung-Jin Jang
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea.
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21
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Araújo TG, Oliveira AG, Vecina JF, Marin RM, Franco ES, Abdalla Saad MJ, de Sousa Maia MB. Treatment with Parkinsonia aculeata combats insulin resistance-induced oxidative stress through the increase in PPARγ/CuZn-SOD axis expression in diet-induced obesity mice. Mol Cell Biochem 2016; 419:93-101. [PMID: 27372351 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-016-2753-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Parkinsonia aculeata L. (Caesalpiniaceae) is a traditional ethnomedicine and has been used for the empiric treatment of hyperglycemia, without scientific background. Mechanistic analyses at molecular level from the antioxidant mechanism observed by P. aculeata are required. Herein the effects of the treatment by hydroethanolic extract partitioned with ethyl acetate of P. aculeata aerial parts (HEPa/EtOAc) in mice fed a high-fat diet that share many obesity phenotypes with humans were evaluated. The animals were treated orally with HEPa/EtOAc (125 and 250 mg/kg/day) and pioglitazone (5 mg/kg/day), for 16 days. After the treatment, HEPa/EtOAc reduced fasting serum glucose and insulin levels, as well as homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance. In addition, an improvement in glucose intolerance was also observed. Indeed, a reduction in the circulating levels of TNF-α and IL-6 was also observed. Furthermore, at molecular level, it was demonstrated that the HEPa/EtOAc treatment was able to improve these physiological parameters, through the activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) per si, as well as the enhancement of antioxidant mechanism by an increase in PPARγ/Cu(2+), Zn(2+)-superoxide dismutase (CuZn-SOD) axis expression in liver and adipose tissue. In sum, P. aculeata is effective to improve insulin resistance in a mouse model of obesity and this effect seems to involve the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms through the increase in PPARγ/CuZn-SOD axis expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Gomes Araújo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50670-901, Brazil.
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13081-970, Brazil.
| | - Alexandre Gabarra Oliveira
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13081-970, Brazil
- Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, SP, 13506-900, Brazil
| | - Juliana Falcato Vecina
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13081-970, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Miguel Marin
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13081-970, Brazil
| | - Eryvelton Souza Franco
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Mario J Abdalla Saad
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13081-970, Brazil
| | - Maria Bernadete de Sousa Maia
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50670-901, Brazil.
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22
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High-Resolution α-Glucosidase Inhibition Profiling Combined with HPLC-HRMS-SPE-NMR for Identification of Antidiabetic Compounds in Eremanthus crotonoides (Asteraceae). Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21060782. [PMID: 27322221 PMCID: PMC6273868 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21060782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Glucosidase inhibitors decrease the cleavage- and absorption rate of monosaccharides from complex dietary carbohydrates, and represent therefore an important class of drugs for management of type 2 diabetes. In this study, a defatted ethyl acetate extract of Eremanthus crotonoides leaves with an inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 34.5 μg/mL towards α-glucosidase was investigated by high-resolution α-glucosidase inhibition profiling combined with HPLC-HRMS-SPE-NMR. This led to identification of six α-glucosidase inhibitors, namely quercetin (16), trans-tiliroside (17), luteolin (19), quercetin-3-methyl ether (20), 3,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid n-butyl ester (26) and 4,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid n-butyl ester (29). In addition, nineteen other metabolites were identified. The most active compounds were the two regioisomeric di-O-caffeoylquinic acid derivatives 26 and 29, with IC50 values of 5.93 and 5.20 μM, respectively. This is the first report of the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of compounds 20, 26, and 29, and the findings support the important role of Eremanthus species as novel sources of new drugs and/or herbal remedies for treatment of type 2 diabetes.
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23
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Research Progress on Chemical Constituents of Lonicerae japonicae flos. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:8968940. [PMID: 27403439 PMCID: PMC4923575 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8968940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Lonicerae japonicae flos is commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine for thousands of years with confirmed curative effects. Except for medicine, it is also used in healthy food, cosmetics, and soft beverages for its specific activities. Therefore, the chemical constituents, mainly including organic acids, flavonoids, iridoids, triterpenoids, and volatile oils, have been well studied by many scholars in recent years and a comprehensive and systematic review on chemical constituents of Lonicerae japonicae flos is indispensable. This paper aims at reviewing the chemical components of LJF in recent years through searching for the literatures both at home and abroad. Our results show that 212 components have been isolated from Lonicerae japonicae flos, including 27 flavonoids, 40 organic acids, 83 iridoids, 17 triterpenoids, and 45 other compounds, which could lay a foundation for the further application of Lonicerae japonicae flos.
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