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Houghton MJ, Balland E, Gartner MJ, Thomas BJ, Subbarao K, Williamson G. The flavonoid quercetin decreases ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expression but not SARS-CoV-2 infection in cultured human lung cells. Biofactors 2024. [PMID: 38886986 DOI: 10.1002/biof.2084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) binds to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) on host cells, via its spike protein, and transmembrane protease, serine 2 (TMPRSS2) cleaves the spike-ACE2 complex to facilitate virus entry. As rate-limiting steps for virus entry, modulation of ACE2 and/or TMPRSS2 may decrease SARS-CoV-2 infectivity and COVID-19 severity. In silico modeling suggested the natural bioactive flavonoid quercetin can bind to ACE2 and a recent randomized clinical trial demonstrated that oral supplementation with quercetin increased COVID-19 recovery. A range of cultured human cells were assessed for co-expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2. Immortalized Calu-3 lung cells, cultured and matured at an air-liquid interface (Calu-3-ALIs), were established as the most appropriate. Primary bronchial epithelial cells (PBECs) were obtained from healthy adult males (N = 6) and cultured under submerged conditions to corroborate the outcomes. Upon maturation or reaching 80% confluence, respectively, the Calu-3-ALIs and PBECs were treated with quercetin, and mRNA and protein expression were assessed by droplet digital PCR and ELISA, respectively. SARS-CoV-2 infectivity, and the effects of pre- and co-treatment with quercetin, was assessed by median tissue culture infectious dose assay. Quercetin dose-dependently decreased ACE2 and TMPRSS2 mRNA and protein in both Calu-3-ALIs and PBECs after 4 h, while TMPRSS2 remained suppressed in response to prolonged treatment with lower doses (twice daily for 3 days). Quercetin also acutely decreased ADAM17 mRNA, but not ACE, in Calu-3-ALIs, and this warrants further investigation. Calu-3-ALIs, but not PBECs, were successfully infected with SARS-CoV-2; however, quercetin had no antiviral effect, neither directly nor indirectly through downregulation of ACE2 and TMPRSS2. Calu-3-ALIs were reaffirmed to be an optimal cell model for research into the regulation of ACE2 and TMPRSS2, without the need for prior genetic modification, and will prove valuable in future coronavirus and respiratory infectious disease work. However, our data demonstrate that a significant decrease in the expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 by a promising prophylactic candidate may not translate to infection prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael James Houghton
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, BASE Facility, Notting Hill, VIC, Australia
- Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Victorian Heart Hospital, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Eglantine Balland
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, BASE Facility, Notting Hill, VIC, Australia
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Matthew James Gartner
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Belinda Jane Thomas
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Monash Lung and Sleep, Monash Health, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Kanta Subbarao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Gary Williamson
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, BASE Facility, Notting Hill, VIC, Australia
- Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Victorian Heart Hospital, Clayton, VIC, Australia
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2
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Chen JY, Huang TR, Hsu SY, Huang CC, Wang HS, Chang JS. Effect and mechanism of quercetin or quercetin-containing formulas against COVID-19: From bench to bedside. Phytother Res 2024; 38:2597-2618. [PMID: 38479376 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused the global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic since 2019. Immunopathogenesis and thromboembolic events are central to its pathogenesis. Quercetin exhibits several beneficial activities against COVID-19, including antiviral, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antioxidative, and antithrombotic effects. Although several reviews have been published, these reviews are incomplete from the viewpoint of translational medicine. The authors comprehensively evaluated the evidence of quercetin against COVID-19, both basically and clinically, to apply quercetin and/or its derivatives in the future. The authors searched the PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library databases without any restrictions. The search terms included COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, quercetin, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, thrombosis, embolism, oxidative, and microbiota. The references of relevant articles were also reviewed. All authors independently screened and reviewed the quality of each included manuscript. The Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool, version 2 (RoB 2) was used to assess the quality of the included randomized controlled trials (RCTs). All selected studies were discussed monthly. The effectiveness of quercetin against COVID-19 is not solid due to methodological flaws in the clinical trials. High-quality studies are also required for quercetin-containing traditional Chinese medicines. The low bioavailability and highly variable pharmacokinetics of quercetin hinder its clinical applications. Its positive impact on immunomodulation through reverting dysbiosis of gut microbiota still lacks robust evidence. Quercetin against COVID-19 does not have tough clinical evidence. Strategies to improve its bioavailability and/or to develop its effective derivatives are needed. Well-designed RCTs are also crucial to confirm their effectiveness in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhong Yuan Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tsung Rung Huang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shih Yun Hsu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ching Chun Huang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Huei Syun Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jung San Chang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- PhD Program in Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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3
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Akanchise T, Angelov B, Angelova A. Nanomedicine-mediated recovery of antioxidant glutathione peroxidase activity after oxidative-stress cellular damage: Insights for neurological long COVID. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29680. [PMID: 38767144 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Nanomedicine for treating post-viral infectious disease syndrome is at an emerging stage. Despite promising results from preclinical studies on conventional antioxidants, their clinical translation as a therapy for treating post-COVID conditions remains challenging. The limitations are due to their low bioavailability, instability, limited transport to the target tissues, and short half-life, requiring frequent and high doses. Activating the immune system during coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection can lead to increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), depleted antioxidant reserve, and finally, oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. To tackle this problem, we developed an antioxidant nanotherapy based on lipid (vesicular and cubosomal types) nanoparticles (LNPs) co-encapsulating ginkgolide B and quercetin. The antioxidant-loaded nanocarriers were prepared by a self-assembly method via hydration of a lyophilized mixed thin lipid film. We evaluated the LNPs in a new in vitro model for studying neuronal dysfunction caused by oxidative stress in coronavirus infection. We examined the key downstream signaling pathways that are triggered in response to potassium persulfate (KPS) causing oxidative stress-mediated neurotoxicity. Treatment of neuronally-derived cells (SH-SY5Y) with KPS (50 mM) for 30 min markedly increased mitochondrial dysfunction while depleting the levels of both glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). This led to the sequential activation of apoptotic and necrotic cell death processes, which corroborates with the crucial implication of the two proteins (GSH-Px and TH) in the long-COVID syndrome. Nanomedicine-mediated treatment with ginkgolide B-loaded cubosomes and vesicular LNPs showed minimal cytotoxicity and completely attenuated the KPS-induced cell death process, decreasing apoptosis from 32.6% (KPS) to 19.0% (MO-GB), 12.8% (MO-GB-Quer), 14.8% (DMPC-PEG-GB), and 23.6% (DMPC-PEG-GB-Quer) via free radical scavenging and replenished GSH-Px levels. These findings indicated that GB-LNPs-based nanomedicines may protect against KPS-induced apoptosis by regulating intracellular redox homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thelma Akanchise
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Borislav Angelov
- Extreme Light Infrastructure ERIC, Department of Structural Dynamics, Dolni Brezany, Czech Republic
| | - Angelina Angelova
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
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Zhou X, Huang T, Pan H, Du A, Wu T, Lan J, Song Y, Lv Y, He F, Yuan K. Bioinformatics and system biology approaches to determine the connection of SARS-CoV-2 infection and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300441. [PMID: 38648205 PMCID: PMC11034673 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causal agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has infected millions of individuals worldwide, which poses a severe threat to human health. COVID-19 is a systemic ailment affecting various tissues and organs, including the lungs and liver. Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is one of the most common liver cancer, and cancer patients are particularly at high risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Nonetheless, few studies have investigated the impact of COVID-19 on ICC patients. METHODS With the methods of systems biology and bioinformatics, this study explored the link between COVID-19 and ICC, and searched for potential therapeutic drugs. RESULTS This study identified a total of 70 common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) shared by both diseases, shedding light on their shared functionalities. Enrichment analysis pinpointed metabolism and immunity as the primary areas influenced by these common genes. Subsequently, through protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis, we identified SCD, ACSL5, ACAT2, HSD17B4, ALDOA, ACSS1, ACADSB, CYP51A1, PSAT1, and HKDC1 as hub genes. Additionally, 44 transcription factors (TFs) and 112 microRNAs (miRNAs) were forecasted to regulate the hub genes. Most importantly, several drug candidates (Periodate-oxidized adenosine, Desipramine, Quercetin, Perfluoroheptanoic acid, Tetrandrine, Pentadecafluorooctanoic acid, Benzo[a]pyrene, SARIN, Dorzolamide, 8-Bromo-cAMP) may prove effective in treating ICC and COVID-19. CONCLUSION This study is expected to provide valuable references and potential drugs for future research and treatment of COVID-19 and ICC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Zhou
- Division of Liver Surgery, Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of Liver Surgery, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tengda Huang
- Division of Liver Surgery, Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of Liver Surgery, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongyuan Pan
- Division of Liver Surgery, Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of Liver Surgery, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ao Du
- Division of Liver Surgery, Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of Liver Surgery, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tian Wu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiang Lan
- Division of Liver Surgery, Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of Liver Surgery, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yujia Song
- Division of Liver Surgery, Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of Liver Surgery, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yue Lv
- Division of Liver Surgery, Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of Liver Surgery, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fang He
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kefei Yuan
- Division of Liver Surgery, Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of Liver Surgery, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Spiegel M, Prejanò M, Russo N, Marino T. Primary Antioxidant Power and M pro SARS-CoV-2 Non-Covalent Inhibition Capabilities of Miquelianin. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202400079. [PMID: 38415945 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202400079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
The antioxidant power of quercetin-3-O-glucuronide (miquelianin) has been studied, at the density functional level of theory, in both lipid-like and aqueous environments. In the aqueous phase, the computed pKa equilibria allowed the identification of the neutral and charged species present in solution that can react with the ⋅OOH radical. The Hydrogen Atom Transfer (HAT), Single Electron Transfer (SET) and Radical Adduct Formation (RAF) mechanisms were considered, and the individual, total and fraction corrected rate constants were obtained. Potential non-covalent inhibition of Mpro from SARS-CoV-2 by miquelianin has been also evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Spiegel
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556, Wroclaw, Poland
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università della Calabria, I-87136, Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Mario Prejanò
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università della Calabria, I-87136, Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Nino Russo
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università della Calabria, I-87136, Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Tiziana Marino
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università della Calabria, I-87136, Rende (CS), Italy
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Jantan I, Norahmad NA, Yuandani, Haque MA, Mohamed-Hussein ZA, Mohd Abd Razak MR, Syed Mohamed AF, Lam KW, Ibrahim S. Inhibitory effect of food-functioned phytochemicals on dysregulated inflammatory pathways triggered by SARS-CoV-2: a mechanistic review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024:1-26. [PMID: 38619217 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2024.2341266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Inflammatory cascades of the dysregulated inflammatory pathways in COVID-19 can cause excessive production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines leading to cytokine storm syndrome (CSS). The molecular cascades involved in the pathways may be targeted for discovery of new anti-inflammatory agents. Many plant extracts have been used clinically in the management of COVID-19, however, their immunosuppressive activities were mainly investigated based on in silico activity. Dietary flavonoids of the extracts such as quercetin, luteolin, kaempferol, naringenin, isorhamnetin, baicalein, wogonin, and rutin were commonly identified as responsible for their inhibitory effects. The present review critically analyzes the anti-inflammatory effects and mechanisms of phytochemicals, including dietary compounds against cytokine storm (CS) and hyperinflammation via inhibition of the altered inflammatory pathways triggered by SARS-CoV-2, published since the emergence of COVID-19 in December 2019. Only a few phytochemicals, mainly dietary compounds such as nanocurcumin, melatonin, quercetin, 6-shagoal, kaempferol, resveratrol, andrographolide, and colchicine have been investigated either in in silico or preliminary clinical studies to evaluate their anti-inflammatory effects against COVID-19. Sufficient pre-clinical studies on safety and efficacy of anti-inflammatory effects of the phytochemicals must be performed prior to proper clinical studies to develop them into therapeutic adjuvants in the prevention and treatmemt of COVID-19 symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Jantan
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Nor Azrina Norahmad
- Herbal Medicine Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - Yuandani
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Md Areeful Haque
- Department of Symptom Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Zeti-Azura Mohamed-Hussein
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia
| | | | | | - Kok Wai Lam
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sarah Ibrahim
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia
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Wang P, Wang H, Xiao Y, Zou J, Chen H, Chen L, Wang F, Hu Y, Liu Y. Insights into metabolic characteristics and biological activity changes in Zangju ( Citrus reticulata cv. Manau Gan) peel at different maturity stages through UPLC-MS/MS-based metabolomics. Food Chem X 2024; 21:101197. [PMID: 38357370 PMCID: PMC10865237 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, comprehensive and systematic nontargeted metabolomics analysis was performed with the metabolites of Zangju peel (Citrus reticulata cv. Manau Gan, CRZP, which has been cultivated for over 400 years in Derong County, China.) at four different mature stages. A total of 1878 metabolites were identified, among which flavonoids were the most abundant (62.04 %), and identified 62 key differential metabolites significantly affected by maturity. Based on biological activity measurements, CRZP showed better antioxidant activity, lipase inhibition ability, inhibition of adipogenic differentiation in 3TT-L1 cells and promotion of lipid metabolism, with the biological activity of CRZP at different maturity stages being associated with key differential metabolite. Thus, CRZP is natural antioxidants and possess anti-obesity potential, and industrial production needs to consider the Maturity stage of its collection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Haifan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Yang Xiao
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Jialiang Zou
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Hongping Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Fu Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Yuan Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Youping Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu 611137, China
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Sun H, Yu W, Li H, Hu X, Wang X. Bioactive Components of Areca Nut: An Overview of Their Positive Impacts Targeting Different Organs. Nutrients 2024; 16:695. [PMID: 38474823 DOI: 10.3390/nu16050695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Areca catechu L. is a widely cultivated tropical crop in Southeast Asia, and its fruit, areca nut, has been consumed as a traditional Chinese medicinal material for more than 10,000 years, although it has recently attracted widespread attention due to potential hazards. Areca nut holds a significant position in traditional medicine in many areas and ranks first among the four southern medicines in China. Numerous bioactive compounds have been identified in areca nuts, including alkaloids, polyphenols, polysaccharides, and fatty acids, which exhibit diverse bioactive functions, such as anti-bacterial, deworming, anti-viral, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor effects. Furthermore, they also display beneficial impacts targeting the nervous, digestive, and endocrine systems. This review summarizes the pharmacological functions and underlying mechanisms of the bioactive ingredients in areca nut. This helps to ascertain the beneficial components of areca nut, discover its medicinal potential, and guide the utilization of the areca nut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Sun
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Sanya 572025, China
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Wenzhen Yu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hu Li
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiaosong Hu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiaofei Wang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
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Kovacheva E, Gevezova M, Maes M, Sarafian V. Mast Cells in Autism Spectrum Disorder-The Enigma to Be Solved? Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2651. [PMID: 38473898 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a disturbance of neurodevelopment with a complicated pathogenesis and unidentified etiology. Many children with ASD have a history of "allergic symptoms", often in the absence of mast cell (MC)-positive tests. Activation of MCs by various stimuli may release molecules related to inflammation and neurotoxicity, contributing to the development of ASD. The aim of the present paper is to enrich the current knowledge on the relationship between MCs and ASD by discussing key molecules and immune pathways associated with MCs in the pathogenesis of autism. Cytokines, essential marker molecules for MC degranulation and therapeutic targets, are also highlighted. Understanding the relationship between ASD and the activation of MCs, as well as the involved molecules and interactions, are the main points contributing to solving the enigma. Key molecules, associated with MCs, may provide new insights to the discovery of drug targets for modeling inflammation in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Kovacheva
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University-Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Research Institute, Medical University-Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Maria Gevezova
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University-Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Research Institute, Medical University-Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Michael Maes
- Research Institute, Medical University-Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
- Key Laboratory of Psychosomatic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu 610072, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Cognitive Fitness and Technology Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University-Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Victoria Sarafian
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University-Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Research Institute, Medical University-Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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Al-Jamal H, Idriss S, Roufayel R, Abi Khattar Z, Fajloun Z, Sabatier JM. Treating COVID-19 with Medicinal Plants: Is It Even Conceivable? A Comprehensive Review. Viruses 2024; 16:320. [PMID: 38543686 PMCID: PMC10974729 DOI: 10.3390/v16030320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
In 2020, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) challenged the world with a global outbreak that led to millions of deaths worldwide. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the symptomatic manifestation of this virus, which can range from flu-like symptoms to utter clinical complications and even death. Since there was no clear medicine that could tackle this infection or lower its complications with minimal adverse effects on the patients' health, the world health organization (WHO) developed awareness programs to lower the infection rate and limit the fast spread of this virus. Although vaccines have been developed as preventative tools, people still prefer going back to traditional herbal medicine, which provides remarkable health benefits that can either prevent the viral infection or limit the progression of severe symptoms through different mechanistic pathways with relatively insignificant side effects. This comprehensive review provides scientific evidence elucidating the effect of 10 different plants against SARS-CoV-2, paving the way for further studies to reconsider plant-based extracts, rich in bioactive compounds, into more advanced clinical assessments in order to identify their impact on patients suffering from COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Al-Jamal
- Faculty of Public Health 3, Lebanese University, Tripoli 1100, Lebanon;
| | - Sara Idriss
- Laboratory of Applied Biotechnology (LBA3B), Azm Center for Research in Biotechnology and Its Applications, EDST, Lebanese University, Tripoli 1300, Lebanon;
| | - Rabih Roufayel
- College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, Egaila 54200, Kuwait;
| | - Ziad Abi Khattar
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Balamand, Kalhat, Tripoli P.O. Box 100, Lebanon;
| | - Ziad Fajloun
- Laboratory of Applied Biotechnology (LBA3B), Azm Center for Research in Biotechnology and Its Applications, EDST, Lebanese University, Tripoli 1300, Lebanon;
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences 3, Campus Michel Slayman Ras Maska, Lebanese University, Tripoli 1352, Lebanon
| | - Jean-Marc Sabatier
- INP, Inst Neurophysiopathol, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, 13385 Marseille, France
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Zhou B, Chen D, Zhang T, Song C, Zhang X, Lin L, Huang J, Peng X, Liu Y, Wu G, Li J, Chen W. Recent advancements in the discovery of small-molecule non-nucleoside inhibitors targeting SARS-CoV-2 RdRp. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 171:116180. [PMID: 38266622 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of SARS-CoV-2 plays a pivotal role in the life cycle of the novel coronavirus and stands as a significant and promising target for anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs. Non-nucleoside inhibitors (NNIs), as a category of compounds directed against SARS-CoV-2 RdRp, exhibit a unique and highly effective mechanism, effectively overcoming various factors contributing to drug resistance against nucleoside inhibitors (NIs). This review investigates various NNIs, including both natural and synthetic inhibitors, that closely interacting with the SARS-CoV-2 RdRp with valid evidences from in vitro and in silico studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bangdi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases of Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, PR China; The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, PR China
| | - Dianming Chen
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases of Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, PR China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, PR China
| | - Tingyan Zhang
- School of Nusing, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, PR China
| | - Chenggui Song
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, PR China
| | - Xianwu Zhang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, PR China
| | - Leying Lin
- School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, PR China
| | - Jiuzhong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases of Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, PR China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, PR China
| | - Xiaopeng Peng
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases of Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, PR China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, PR China
| | - Yuanchang Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, PR China
| | - Gaorong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases of Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, PR China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, PR China
| | - Jingyuan Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, PR China
| | - Weiming Chen
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases of Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, PR China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, PR China.
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12
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Abarova S, Alexova R, Dragomanova S, Solak A, Fagone P, Mangano K, Petralia MC, Nicoletti F, Kalfin R, Tancheva L. Emerging Therapeutic Potential of Polyphenols from Geranium sanguineum L. in Viral Infections, Including SARS-CoV-2. Biomolecules 2024; 14:130. [PMID: 38275759 PMCID: PMC10812934 DOI: 10.3390/biom14010130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The existing literature supports the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiviral capacities of the polyphenol extracts derived from Geranium sanguineum L. These extracts exhibit potential in hindering viral replication by inhibiting enzymes like DNA polymerase and reverse transcriptase. The antiviral properties of G. sanguineum L. seem to complement its immunomodulatory effects, contributing to infection resolution. While preclinical studies on G. sanguineum L. suggest its potential effectiveness against COVID-19, there is still a lack of clinical evidence. Therefore, the polyphenols extracted from this herb warrant further investigation as a potential alternative for preventing and treating COVID-19 infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silviya Abarova
- Department of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, Zdrave Str. 2, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Ralitza Alexova
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, Zdrave Str. 2, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Stela Dragomanova
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Varna, Tsar Osvoboditel Blvd 84A, 9002 Varna, Bulgaria;
| | - Ayten Solak
- Institute of Cryobiology and Food Technologies, Cherni Vrah Blvd. 53, 1407 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Paolo Fagone
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 89, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Katia Mangano
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 89, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Petralia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Nicoletti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 89, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Reni Kalfin
- Department of Biological Effects of Natural and Synthetic Substances, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. Georgi Bonchev Str. 23, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (R.K.); (L.T.)
- Department of Healthcare, South-West University “Neofit Rilski”, Ivan Mihailov Str. 66, 2700 Blagoevgrad, Bulgaria
| | - Lyubka Tancheva
- Department of Biological Effects of Natural and Synthetic Substances, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. Georgi Bonchev Str. 23, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (R.K.); (L.T.)
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13
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Hollands P, Ovokaitys T. New Concepts in the Manipulation of the Aging Process. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 19:178-184. [PMID: 36752298 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x18666230208102635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
This review explores the current concepts in aging and then goes on to describe a novel, ground-breaking technology which will change the way we think about and manage aging. The foundation of the review is based on the work carried out on the QiLaser activation of human Very Small Embryonic Like (hVSEL) pluripotent stem cells in autologous Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP), known as the Qigeneration Procedure. The application of this technology in anti-aging technology is discussed with an emphasis on epigenetic changes during aging focusing on DNA methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Hollands
- CTO Qigenix, 6125 Paseo Del Norte, Suite 140, Carlsbad, CA 92008, USA
| | - Todd Ovokaitys
- CEO Qigenix, 6125 Paseo Del Norte, Suite 140, Carlsbad, CA 92008, USA
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14
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Devi V, Deswal G, Dass R, Chopra B, Kriplani P, Grewal AS, Guarve K, Dhingra AK. Therapeutic Potential and Clinical Effectiveness of Quercetin: A Dietary Supplement. RECENT ADVANCES IN FOOD, NUTRITION & AGRICULTURE 2024; 15:13-32. [PMID: 38258783 DOI: 10.2174/012772574x269376231107095831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Fruits and vegetables (like apples, citrus, grapes, onions, parsley, etc.) are the primary dietary sources of quercetin. In addition, isolated quercetin is also available on the market as a dietary supplement with a daily dose of up to 1000 mg/d. The objective of the present study is to explore the therapeutic potential and clinical efficacy of quercetin as a dietary supplement. The present paper highlights the safety parameters and clinical trial studies with several targets reviewed from the data available on PubMed, Science Direct, ClinicalTrails. gov, and from many reputed foundations. The results of the studies prove the unique position of quercetin in the treatment of various disorders and the possibility of using phytochemicals such as quercetin for an efficient cure. As evidenced by the numerous published reports on human interventions, it has been concluded that quercetin intake significantly improves disease conditions with minimal adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishakha Devi
- Department of Pharmacy, Guru Gobind Singh College of Pharmacy, Yamuna Nagar-135001, Haryana, India
| | - Geeta Deswal
- Department of Pharmacy, Guru Gobind Singh College of Pharmacy, Yamuna Nagar-135001, Haryana, India
| | - Rameshwar Dass
- Department of Pharmacy, Guru Gobind Singh College of Pharmacy, Yamuna Nagar-135001, Haryana, India
| | - Bhawna Chopra
- Department of Pharmacy, Guru Gobind Singh College of Pharmacy, Yamuna Nagar-135001, Haryana, India
| | - Priyanka Kriplani
- Department of Pharmacy, Guru Gobind Singh College of Pharmacy, Yamuna Nagar-135001, Haryana, India
| | - Ajmer Singh Grewal
- Department of Pharmacy, Guru Gobind Singh College of Pharmacy, Yamuna Nagar-135001, Haryana, India
| | - Kumar Guarve
- Department of Pharmacy, Guru Gobind Singh College of Pharmacy, Yamuna Nagar-135001, Haryana, India
| | - Ashwani K Dhingra
- Department of Pharmacy, Guru Gobind Singh College of Pharmacy, Yamuna Nagar-135001, Haryana, India
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15
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Yuan D, Guo Y, Pu F, Yang C, Xiao X, Du H, He J, Lu S. Opportunities and challenges in enhancing the bioavailability and bioactivity of dietary flavonoids: A novel delivery system perspective. Food Chem 2024; 430:137115. [PMID: 37566979 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids have multiple favorable bioactivities including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor. Currently, flavonoid-containing dietary supplements are widely tested in clinical trials for the prevention and/or treatment of multiple diseases. However, the clinical application of flavonoids is largely compromised by their low bioavailability and bioactivity, probably due to their poor aqueous solubility, intensive metabolism, and low systemic absorption. Therefore, formulating flavonoids into novel delivery systems is a promising approach for overcoming these drawbacks. In this review, we highlight the opportunities and challenges in the clinical use of dietary flavonoids from the perspective of novel delivery systems. First, the classification, sources, and bioactivity of dietary flavonoids are described. Second, the progress of clinical research on flavonoid-based dietary supplements is systematically summarized. Finally, novel delivery systems developed to improve the bioavailability and bioactivity of flavonoids are discussed in detail to broaden the clinical application of dietary flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Yuan
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, PR China; Research Center for Pharmaceutical Preparations, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, PR China
| | - Yujie Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, PR China; Research Center for Pharmaceutical Preparations, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, PR China
| | - Feiyan Pu
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, PR China; Research Center for Pharmaceutical Preparations, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, PR China
| | - Can Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, PR China; Research Center for Pharmaceutical Preparations, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, PR China
| | - Xuecheng Xiao
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, PR China; Research Center for Pharmaceutical Preparations, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, PR China
| | - Hongzhi Du
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, PR China; Research Center for Pharmaceutical Preparations, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, PR China.
| | - Jianhua He
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, PR China; Research Center for Pharmaceutical Preparations, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, PR China.
| | - Shan Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, PR China; Research Center for Pharmaceutical Preparations, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, PR China.
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16
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Riyad P, Purohit A, Sen K, Panwar A, Ram H. HMG – CoA reductase inhibition mediated hypocholesterolemic potential of myricetin and quercetin: in-silico and in-vivo studies. CYTA - JOURNAL OF FOOD 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/19476337.2022.2162976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Riyad
- Department of Zoology, Jai Narain Vyas University, Jodhpur, India
| | - Ashok Purohit
- Department of Zoology, Jai Narain Vyas University, Jodhpur, India
| | - Karishma Sen
- Department of Zoology, Jai Narain Vyas University, Jodhpur, India
| | - Anil Panwar
- Department of Molecular Biology, Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, College of Basic Sciences & Humanities, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India
| | - Heera Ram
- Department of Zoology, Jai Narain Vyas University, Jodhpur, India
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17
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Chandran SCS, Christopher I, Sounderraajan A, Murugesan V, Sabapathy I, Periyasamy V, Manikkam R. Molecular docking analysis of quercetin with known CoVid-19 targets. Bioinformation 2023; 19:1081-1085. [PMID: 38046509 PMCID: PMC10692980 DOI: 10.6026/973206300191081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Combat and care during CoVid-19 was non-trivial. Therefore, it is of interest to use the pharmacologically active plant component quercetin for the treatment of CoVid-19. Quercetin exhibits favourable ADMET values and abides by Lipinski's rule of five. When quercetin and remdesivir were positioned in relation to the CoVid-19 targets, quercetin exhibited a greater propensity for binding and H-bond interaction in their molecular interactions. Thus, the quercetin molecule can be used to manage CoVid-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ireen Christopher
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Holy Cross College (Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
- DBT-BIF Centre, Holy Cross College (Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Aishwariya Sounderraajan
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Holy Cross College (Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
- DBT-BIF Centre, Holy Cross College (Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Viji Murugesan
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Holy Cross College (Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
- DBT-BIF Centre, Holy Cross College (Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Indu Sabapathy
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Holy Cross College (Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
- DBT-BIF Centre, Holy Cross College (Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vijayalakshmi Periyasamy
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Holy Cross College (Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
- DBT-BIF Centre, Holy Cross College (Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajalakshmi Manikkam
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Holy Cross College (Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
- DBT-BIF Centre, Holy Cross College (Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Zoology, Holy Cross College (Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu
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18
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Ribeiro IC, de Moraes JVB, Mariotini-Moura C, Polêto MD, da Rocha Torres Pavione N, de Castro RB, Miranda IL, Sartori SK, Alves KLS, Bressan GC, de Souza Vasconcellos R, Meyer-Fernandes JR, Diaz-Muñoz G, Fietto JLR. Synthesis of new non-natural L-glycosidic flavonoid derivatives and their evaluation as inhibitors of Trypanosoma cruzi ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1 (TcNTPDase1). Purinergic Signal 2023:10.1007/s11302-023-09974-7. [PMID: 37975950 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-023-09974-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi is the pathogen of Chagas disease, a neglected tropical disease that affects more than 6 million people worldwide. There are no vaccines to prevent infection, and the therapeutic arsenal is very minimal and toxic. The unique E-NTPDase of T. cruzi (TcNTPDase1) plays essential roles in adhesion and infection and is a virulence factor. Quercetin is a flavonoid with antimicrobial, antiviral, and antitumor activities. Its potential as a partial inhibitor of NTPDases has also been demonstrated. In this work, we synthesized the non-natural L-glycoside derivatives of quercetin and evaluated them as inhibitors of recombinant TcNTPDase1 (rTcNTPDase1). These compounds, and quercetin and miquelianin, a natural quercetin derivative, were also tested. Compound 16 showed the most significant inhibitory effect (94%). Quercetin, miquelianin, and compound 14 showed inhibition close to 50%. We thoroughly investigated the inhibitory effect of 16. Our data suggested a competitive inhibition with a Ki of 8.39 μM (± 0.90). To better understand the interaction of compound 16 and rTcNTPDase1, we performed molecular dynamics simulations of the enzyme and docking analyses with the compounds. Our predictions show that compound 16 binds to the enzyme's catalytic site and interacts with important residues for NTPDase activity. As an inhibitor of a critical T. cruzi enzyme, (16) could be helpful as a starting point in the developing of a future treatment for Chagas disease. Furthermore, the discovery of (16) as an inhibitor of TcNTPDase1 may open new avenues in the study and development of new inhibitors of E-NTPDases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isadora Cunha Ribeiro
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Christiane Mariotini-Moura
- General Biology Department, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Medicine and Nursing Department, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Depolo Polêto
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Raissa Barbosa de Castro
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Izabel Luzia Miranda
- Exact Science Institute, Chemistry Department, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Suélen Karine Sartori
- Exact Science Institute, Chemistry Department, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Kryssia Lohayne Santos Alves
- Exact Science Institute, Chemistry Department, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Costa Bressan
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - José Roberto Meyer-Fernandes
- Laboratory of Cellular Biochemistry, Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Health Sciences Center, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gaspar Diaz-Muñoz
- Exact Science Institute, Chemistry Department, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Juliana Lopes Rangel Fietto
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
- General Biology Department, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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19
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Zou Q, Chen Y, Qin H, Tang R, Han T, Guo Z, Zhao J, Xu D. The role and mechanism of TCM in the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1286364. [PMID: 38033575 PMCID: PMC10682724 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1286364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The constant presence of infectious diseases poses an everlasting threat to the entire world. In recent years, there has been an increased attention toward the application of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in the treatment of emerging infectious diseases, as it has played a significant role. The aim of this article is to provide a concise overview of the roles and mechanisms of TCM in treating infectious diseases. TCM possesses the ability to modulate relevant factors, impede signaling pathways, and inhibit microbial growth, thereby exhibiting potent antiviral, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory effects that demonstrate remarkable efficacy against viral and bacterial infections. This article concludes that the comprehensive regulatory features of Chinese herbal medicines, with their various components, targets, and pathways, result in synergistic effects. The significance of Chinese herbal medicines in the context of infectious diseases should not be underestimated; however, it is crucial to also acknowledge their underutilization. This paper presents constructive suggestions regarding the challenges and opportunities faced by Chinese medicines. Particularly, it emphasizes the effectiveness and characteristics of Chinese medicines in the treatment of infectious diseases, specifying how these medicines' active substances can be utilized to target infectious diseases. This perspective is advantageous in facilitating researchers' pharmacological studies on Chinese medicines, focusing on the specific points of action. The mechanism of action of Chinese herbal medicines in the treatment of infectious diseases is comprehensively elucidated in this paper, providing compelling evidence for the superior treatment of infectious diseases through Chinese medicine. This information is favorable for advancing the development of TCM and its potential applications in the field of infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qifei Zou
- Department of Medical Instrumental Analysis, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Yitong Chen
- Department of Medical Instrumental Analysis, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Huanxin Qin
- Department of Medical Instrumental Analysis, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Rui Tang
- Department of Medical Instrumental Analysis, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Taojian Han
- Department of Medical Instrumental Analysis, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Ziyi Guo
- Department of Medical Instrumental Analysis, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Juanjuan Zhao
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Delin Xu
- Department of Medical Instrumental Analysis, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
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20
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Shu J, Zhao Y, Zhou Y, Lin F, Song J, Li X. Optimization of tetrastigma hemsleyanum extraction process based on GA-BPNN model and analysis of its antioxidant effect. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20200. [PMID: 37780783 PMCID: PMC10539637 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Tetrastigma hemsleyanum (Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg) is a valuable traditional Chinese medicine with various applications. In this study, we aimed to optimize the extraction process for the total extraction yield of five flavonoid components, namely kaempferol, quercetin, rutin, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, and astragalin from the Tetrastigma hemsleyanum root (THR), and explore its potential molecular mechanisms in treating oxidative diseases as well as antioxidant activity. To achieve these objectives, we employed the genetic algorithm-back propagation neural network (GA-BPNN), the Box-Behnken design (BBD) with 4-factors and 3-levels to establish the optimal ethanol extraction process for the total extraction yield of the 5 components. Using public databases, the "component core targets-disease core target genes" networks were built, as well as molecular docking. Furthermore, DPPH was used to examine the antioxidant activity of the extracts obtained from THR under the optimal extraction process. The experimental value of the total extraction yield of the 5 components achieved a maximum of 788.12 mg/kg when the ethanol concentration was 73%, the solid-liquid ratio was 26 g/mL, and the ultrasonic duration was 30 min, and the ultrasonic temperature was 76 °C. When docked with protein molecules such as 6Y8I, quercetin, and other components received moderate to high scores. When the total concentration of the 5 components was 3.033 μg/mL, the DPPH radical scavenging rate was 89.81%. Compared with the BBD method, the GA-BPNN method is more efficient and reliable for optimizing the extraction process of active ingredients in THR because of its good data-fitting ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhao Shu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310051, China
| | - Yali Zhao
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310051, China
| | - Yehui Zhou
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310051, China
| | - Feifei Lin
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310051, China
| | - Jingmei Song
- College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310051, China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310051, China
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21
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Huang Y, Fang Y, Jie H, Yang H, Zhou W, Chen Y, Zhong B. Network pharmacology and molecular docking to scientifically validate the potential mechanism of Lonicerae japonicae flos in the clinical treatment of COVID-19. Nat Prod Res 2023:1-8. [PMID: 37732603 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2023.2260070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Using network pharmacology and molecular docking, we predicted the potential mechanisms of Lonicerae japonicae flos (LJF) therapy for COVID-19. A total of 493 component-related targets and 6,233 COVID-19-related genes were identified, and 267 core genes with overlapping of the two types of genes were identified. The target AKT1, CASP3, IL1B, IL6, PTGS2, TNF and JUN were the hub genes in PPI network according to MCODE score. Component-Target analysis showed the close relationship between targets and components. The results of functional enrichment analyses revealed that LJF exerted pharmacological effects on COVID-19 by regulating IL-17 signalling pathway, TNF signalling pathway, AGE-RAGE signalling pathway in diabetic complications, and Toll-like receptor signalling pathway. Finally, molecular docking confirmed a strong binding affinity between the 7 main active components with the hub genes. The findings suggested that beta-sitosterol, kaempferol and luteolin might be the promising leading components due to their good molecular docking scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yisheng Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou, P.R. China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yan Fang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou, P.R. China
| | - Huanhuan Jie
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou, P.R. China
| | - Hongbiao Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou, P.R. China
| | - Wen Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yijian Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou, P.R. China
| | - Baolin Zhong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou, P.R. China
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Sun Q, Chen X, Luo H, Meng C, Zhu D. Cancer stem cells of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma; distance towards clinical application; a systematic review of literature. Am J Cancer Res 2023; 13:4315-4345. [PMID: 37818051 PMCID: PMC10560931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the major pathological type of head and neck cancer (HNC). The disease ranks sixth among the most common malignancies worldwide, with an increasing incidence rate yearly. Despite the development of therapy, the prognosis of HNSCC remains unsatisfactory, which may be attributed to the resistance to traditional radio-chemotherapy, relapse, and metastasis. To improve the diagnosis and treatment, the targeted therapy for HNSCC may be successful as that for some other tumors. Nanocarriers are the most effective system to deliver the anti-cancerous agent at the site of interest using passive or active targeting approaches. The system enhances the drug concentration in HCN target cells, increases retention, and reduces toxicity to normal cells. Among the different techniques in nanotechnology, quantum dots (QDs) possess multiple fluorescent colors emissions under single-source excitation and size-tunable light emission. Dendrimers are the most attractive nanocarriers, which possess the desired properties of drug retention, release, unaffecting by the immune system, blood circulation time enhancing, and cells or organs specific targeting properties. In this review, we have discussed the up-to-date knowledge of the Cancer Stem Cells of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Although a lot of data is available, still much more efforts remain to be made to improve the treatment of HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingjia Sun
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin UniversityXiantai Street 126, Changchun 130033, Jilin, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin UniversityXiantai Street 126, Changchun 130033, Jilin, China
| | - Hong Luo
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital of QiqiharQiqihar 161005, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Cuida Meng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin UniversityXiantai Street 126, Changchun 130033, Jilin, China
| | - Dongdong Zhu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin UniversityXiantai Street 126, Changchun 130033, Jilin, China
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23
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Do MH, Li H, Cho SY, Oh S, Jeong JH, Song MS, Jeong JM. Animal efficacy study of a plant extract complex (BEN815) as a potential treatment for COVID-19. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0291537. [PMID: 37708114 PMCID: PMC10501575 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In a short time, several types of injectable and oral therapeutics have been developed and used to effectively manage patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). BEN815 is an improved mixture of three extracts (Psidium guajava, Camellia sinensis, and Rosa hybrida) recognized by the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety of Korea as a health food ingredient that alleviates allergic rhinitis. The current animal efficacy study was performed to assess its probability of improving COVID-19 symptoms. BEN815 treatment significantly increased the survival of K18-hACE2 transgenic mice and reduced viral titers in the lungs at 5 days post infection (DPI). Furthermore, the lungs of the treated mice showed mild tissue damage at 5 DPI and nearly complete recovery from COVID-19 at 14 DPI. BEN815 appears to be an effective and minimally toxic anti-SARS-CoV-2 agent in mice and has potential for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moon Ho Do
- Biotechnology Research Center, Ben’s Lab Co., Ltd., Anyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hua Li
- Biotechnology Research Center, Ben’s Lab Co., Ltd., Anyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Yeon Cho
- Biotechnology Research Center, Ben’s Lab Co., Ltd., Anyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Subin Oh
- Biotechnology Research Center, Ben’s Lab Co., Ltd., Anyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Hwan Jeong
- Department of Microbiology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Suk Song
- Department of Microbiology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Moon Jeong
- Biotechnology Research Center, Ben’s Lab Co., Ltd., Anyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
- Department of Bioscience, The University of Suwon, Hwasung-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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24
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Yin Z, Wang Q, Cheng H. Synergistic Protective Effect of Interactions of Quercetin with Lycopene Against Ochratoxin A-Induced Ulcerative Colitis. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 195:5253-5266. [PMID: 36625989 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-04287-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis is a type of inflammatory bowel disease responsible for the inflammation of the innermost lining of the colon and rectum. The present study's objective is to determine the potential synergistic impact of quercetin (QR) and lycopene (LP) in ulcerative colitis (UC) induced in rats by ochratoxin A (OTA) by biochemical and morphological alterations. QR and LP were administered alone and in combination with the OTA for 7 days. OTA administration caused UC generation, resulting in significant changes in body weight percentage, disease activity index (DAI), macroscopic evaluation, colon weight/length ratio, and histological score. In addition to the above parameters, it also leads to elevated oxidative stress, i.e. increased malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), myeloperoxidase (MPO), and hydroxyproline levels and decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels. Histological changes in the colon architecture were also observed suggestive of extensive mucosal damage. In addition, a high level of matrix metalloproteinase 7 (MMP7) was observed in immunohistochemistry, and a high level of gene expression of osteopontin (OPN), runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), MMP-7, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) was observed in OTA administered animals. The combination of QR and LP significantly restored the per cent body weight loss and DAI score and improved macroscopic and histological changes, colon weight/length ratio, and macroscopic damages. It also improved the biochemical parameters to near-normal levels, i.e. reduced MDA, NO, MPO, and hydroxyproline levels and increased SOD and GSH levels. In addition, OPN, Runx2, MMP-7, and IL-6 gene expression decreased compared to the OTA-induced UC group. Outcomes of the present study indicate the potential of QR + LP as anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory agents against OTA-induced UC in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Yin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, No. 105, Jiefang Road, Jinan City, 250013, Shandong, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, No. 105, Jiefang Road, Jinan City, 250013, Shandong, China
| | - Hui Cheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, No. 105, Jiefang Road, Jinan City, 250013, Shandong, China.
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25
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Attar ES, Chaudhari VH, Deokar CG, Dyawanapelly S, Devarajan PV. Nano Drug Delivery Strategies for an Oral Bioenhanced Quercetin Formulation. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2023; 48:495-514. [PMID: 37523008 DOI: 10.1007/s13318-023-00843-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Quercetin, a naturally occurring flavonoid, has been credited with a wide spectrum of therapeutic properties. However, the oral use of quercetin is limited due to its poor water solubility, low bioavailability, rapid metabolism, and rapid plasma clearance. Quercetin has been studied extensively when used with various nanodelivery systems for enhancing quercetin bioavailability. To enhance its oral bioavailability and efficacy, various quercetin-loaded nanosystems such as nanosuspensions, polymer nanoparticles, metal nanoparticles, emulsions, liposomes or phytosomes, micelles, solid lipid nanoparticles, and other lipid-based nanoparticles have been investigated in in-vitro cells, in-vivo animal models, and humans. Among the aforementioned nanosystems, quercetin phytosomes are attracting more interest and are available on the market. The present review covers insights into the possibilities of harnessing quercetin for several therapeutic applications and a special focus on anticancer applications and the clinical benefits of nanoquercetin formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esha S Attar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, N.P. Marg, Matunga, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400019, India
| | - Vanashree H Chaudhari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, N.P. Marg, Matunga, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400019, India
| | - Chaitanya G Deokar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, N.P. Marg, Matunga, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400019, India
| | - Sathish Dyawanapelly
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, N.P. Marg, Matunga, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400019, India
| | - Padma V Devarajan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, N.P. Marg, Matunga, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400019, India.
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26
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Parihar A, Malviya S, Khan R, Kaushik A, Mostafavi E. COVID-19 associated thyroid dysfunction and other comorbidities and its management using phytochemical-based therapeutics: a natural way. Biosci Rep 2023; 43:BSR20230293. [PMID: 37212057 PMCID: PMC10372472 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20230293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The present severe acute respiratory syndrome-2 (SARS-CoV-2) mediated Coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) and post-COVID-19 complications affect human life drastically. Patients who have been cured of COVID-19 infection are now experiencing post-COVID-19 associated comorbidities, which have increased mortality rates. The SARS-CoV-2 infection distresses the lungs, kidneys, gastrointestinal tract, and various endocrine glands, including the thyroid. The emergence of variants which includes Omicron (B.1.1.529) and its lineages threaten the world severely. Among different therapeutic approaches, phytochemical-based therapeutics are not only cost-effective but also have lesser side effects. Recently a plethora of studies have shown the therapeutic efficacy of various phytochemicals for the treatment of COVID-19. Besides this, various phytochemicals have been found efficacious in treating several inflammatory diseases, including thyroid-related anomalies. The method of the phytochemical formulation is quick and facile and the raw materials for such herbal preparations are approved worldwide for human use against certain disease conditions. Owing to the advantages of phytochemicals, this review primarily discusses the COVID-19-related thyroid dysfunction and the role of key phytochemicals to deal with thyroid anomaly and post-COVID-19 complications. Further, this review shed light on the mechanism via which COVID-19 and its related complication affect organ function of the body, along with the mechanistic insight into the way by which phytochemicals could help to cure post-COVID-19 complications in thyroid patients. Considering the advantages offered by phytochemicals as a safer and cost-effective medication they can be potentially used to combat COVID-19-associated comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpana Parihar
- Industrial Waste Utilization, Nano and Biomaterials, CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal 462026, MP, India
| | - Shivani Malviya
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Barkatullah University, Habib Ganj, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462026, India
| | - Raju Khan
- Industrial Waste Utilization, Nano and Biomaterials, CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal 462026, MP, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Ajeet Kaushik
- NanoBioTech Laboratory, Department of Environmental Engineering, Florida Polytechnic University, Lakeland, FL 33805, U.S.A
- School of Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun 248007, India
| | - Ebrahim Mostafavi
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, U.S.A
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, U.S.A
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27
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Hu T, Li L, Ma Q. Research Progress of Immunomodulation on Anti-COVID-19 and the Effective Components from Traditional Chinese Medicine. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2023; 51:1337-1360. [PMID: 37465964 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x23500611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 has posed a threat to the health of people around the world because of its strong transmission and high virulence. Currently, there is no specific medicine for the treatment of COVID-19. However, for a wide variety of medicines used to treat COVID-19, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) plays a major role. In this paper, the effective treatment of COVID-19 using TCM was consulted first, and several Chinese medicines that were frequently used apart from their huge role in treating it were found. Then, when exploring the active ingredients of these herbs, it was discovered that most of them contained flavonoids. Therefore, the structure and function of the potential active substances of flavonoids, including flavonols, flavonoids, and flavanes, respectively, are discussed in this paper. According to the screening data, these flavonoids can bind to the key proteins of SARS-CoV-2, 3CLpro, PLpro, and RdRp, respectively, or block the interface between the viral spike protein and ACE2 receptor, which could inhibit the proliferation of coronavirus and prevent the virus from entering human cells. Besides, the effects of flavonoids on the human body systems are expounded on in this paper, including the respiratory system, digestive system, and immune system, respectively. Normally, flavonoids boost the body's immune system. However, they can suppress the immune system when over immunized. Ultimately, this study hopes to provide a reference for the clinical drug treatment of COVID-19 patients, and more TCM can be put into the market accordingly, which is expected to promote the development of TCM on the international stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Hu
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, P. R. China
| | - Li Li
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, P. R. China
| | - Qin Ma
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/ Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou 510610, P. R. China
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28
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DeGrasse DC, Black SD. The Rise of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Omicron Subvariant Pathogenicity. Cureus 2023; 15:e40148. [PMID: 37313287 PMCID: PMC10260278 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.40148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, variants of the Betacoronavirus SARS-CoV-2, the etiologic agent of COVID-19 disease, progressively decreased in pathogenicity up to the Omicron strain. However, the case fatality rate has increased from Omicron through each major Omicron subvariant (BA.2/BA.4, BA.5, XBB.1.5) in the United States of America. World data also mirror this trend. We show that the rise of Omicron pathogenicity is exponential, and we have modeled the case fatality rate of the next major subvariant as 0.0413, 2.5 times that of the Alpha strain and 60% of the original Wuhan strain which caused the greatest morbidity and mortality during the pandemic. Small-molecule therapeutics have been developed, and some of these, such as chlorpheniramine maleate, may be useful in the event of an Omicron subvariant of higher risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C DeGrasse
- Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Tyler, Tyler, USA
| | - Shaun D Black
- Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Tyler, Tyler, USA
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29
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Akanchise T, Angelova A. Ginkgo Biloba and Long COVID: In Vivo and In Vitro Models for the Evaluation of Nanotherapeutic Efficacy. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051562. [PMID: 37242804 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus infections are neuroinvasive and can provoke injury to the central nervous system (CNS) and long-term illness consequences. They may be associated with inflammatory processes due to cellular oxidative stress and an imbalanced antioxidant system. The ability of phytochemicals with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, such as Ginkgo biloba, to alleviate neurological complications and brain tissue damage has attracted strong ongoing interest in the neurotherapeutic management of long COVID. Ginkgo biloba leaf extract (EGb) contains several bioactive ingredients, e.g., bilobalide, quercetin, ginkgolides A-C, kaempferol, isorhamnetin, and luteolin. They have various pharmacological and medicinal effects, including memory and cognitive improvement. Ginkgo biloba, through its anti-apoptotic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities, impacts cognitive function and other illness conditions like those in long COVID. While preclinical research on the antioxidant therapies for neuroprotection has shown promising results, clinical translation remains slow due to several challenges (e.g., low drug bioavailability, limited half-life, instability, restricted delivery to target tissues, and poor antioxidant capacity). This review emphasizes the advantages of nanotherapies using nanoparticle drug delivery approaches to overcome these challenges. Various experimental techniques shed light on the molecular mechanisms underlying the oxidative stress response in the nervous system and help comprehend the pathophysiology of the neurological sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection. To develop novel therapeutic agents and drug delivery systems, several methods for mimicking oxidative stress conditions have been used (e.g., lipid peroxidation products, mitochondrial respiratory chain inhibitors, and models of ischemic brain damage). We hypothesize the beneficial effects of EGb in the neurotherapeutic management of long-term COVID-19 symptoms, evaluated using either in vitro cellular or in vivo animal models of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thelma Akanchise
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - Angelina Angelova
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France
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30
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Yang XL, Wang CX, Wang JX, Wu SM, Yong Q, Li K, Yang JR. In silico evidence implicating novel mechanisms of Prunella vulgaris L . as a potential botanical drug against COVID-19-associated acute kidney injury. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1188086. [PMID: 37274117 PMCID: PMC10232756 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1188086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19-associated acute kidney injury (COVID-19 AKI) is an independent risk factor for in-hospital mortality and has the potential to progress to chronic kidney disease. Prunella vulgaris L., a traditional Chinese herb that has been used for the treatment of a variety of kidney diseases for centuries, could have the potential to treat this complication. In this study, we studied the potential protective role of Prunella vulgaris in COVID-19 AKI and explored its specific mechanisms applied by network pharmacology and bioinformatics methods. The combination of the protein-protein interaction network and Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment -target gene network revealed eight key target genes (VEGFA, ICAM1, IL6, CXCL8, IL1B, CCL2, IL10 and RELA). Molecular docking showed that all these eight gene-encoded proteins could be effectively bound to three major active compounds (quercetin, luteolin and kaempferol), thus becoming potential therapeutic targets. Molecular dynamics simulation also supports the binding stability of RELA-encoded protein with quercetin and luteolin. Together, our data suggest that IL6, VEGFA, and RELA could be the potential drug targets by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway. Our in silico studies shed new insights into P. vulgaris and its ingredients, e.g., quercetin, as potential botanical drugs against COVID-19 AKI, and warrant further studies on efficacy and mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Ling Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chun-Xuan Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jia-Xing Wang
- Core Research Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Shi-Min Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Yong
- Core Research Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Ke Li
- Core Research Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Ju-Rong Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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31
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Halma MTJ, Plothe C, Marik P, Lawrie TA. Strategies for the Management of Spike Protein-Related Pathology. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1308. [PMID: 37317282 PMCID: PMC10222799 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In the wake of the COVID-19 crisis, a need has arisen to prevent and treat two related conditions, COVID-19 vaccine injury and long COVID-19, both of which can trace at least part of their aetiology to the spike protein, which can cause harm through several mechanisms. One significant mechanism of harm is vascular, and it is mediated by the spike protein, a common element of the COVID-19 illness, and it is related to receiving a COVID-19 vaccine. Given the significant number of people experiencing these two related conditions, it is imperative to develop treatment protocols, as well as to consider the diversity of people experiencing long COVID-19 and vaccine injury. This review summarizes the known treatment options for long COVID-19 and vaccine injury, their mechanisms, and their evidentiary basis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christof Plothe
- Center for Biophysical Osteopathy, Am Wegweiser 27, 55232 Alzey, Germany
| | - Paul Marik
- Front Line COVID-19 Critical Care Alliance (FLCCC), 2001 L St. NW Suite 500, Washington, DC 20036, USA;
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32
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Valipour M, Di Giacomo S, Di Sotto A, Irannejad H. Discovery of Chalcone-Based Hybrid Structures as High Affinity and Site-Specific Inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2: A Comprehensive Structural Analysis Based on Various Host-Based and Viral Targets. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108789. [PMID: 37240149 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies indicated that natural-based chalcones have significant inhibitory effects on the coronavirus enzymes 3CLpro and PLpro as well as modulation of some host-based antiviral targets (HBATs). In this study, a comprehensive computational and structural study was performed to investigate the affinity of our compound library consisting of 757 chalcone-based structures (CHA-1 to CHA-757) for inhibiting the 3CLpro and PLpro enzymes and against twelve selected host-based targets. Our results indicated that CHA-12 (VUF 4819) is the most potent and multi-target inhibitor in our chemical library over all viral and host-based targets. Correspondingly, CHA-384 and its congeners containing ureide moieties were found to be potent and selective 3CLpro inhibitors, and benzotriazole moiety in CHA-37 was found to be a main fragment for inhibiting the 3CLpro and PLpro. Surprisingly, our results indicate that the ureide and sulfonamide moieties are integral fragments for the optimum 3CLpro inhibition while occupying the S1 and S3 subsites, which is fully consistent with recent reports on the site-specific 3CLpro inhibitors. Finding the multi-target inhibitor CHA-12, previously reported as an LTD4 antagonist for the treatment of inflammatory pulmonary diseases, prompted us to suggest it as a concomitant agent for relieving respiratory symptoms and suppressing COVID-19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Valipour
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1545913487, Iran
| | - Silvia Di Giacomo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Di Sotto
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Hamid Irannejad
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari 4847116547, Iran
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33
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Lee G, Kang HR, Kim A, Park JH, Lee MJ, Kim SM. Preventive effects of quercetin against foot-and-mouth disease virus in vitro and in vivo by inducing type I interferon. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1121830. [PMID: 37250022 PMCID: PMC10213290 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1121830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is an acute contagious infectious disease that affects cloven-hoofed animals. Although current emergency FMD vaccines only take effect 7 days after vaccination, antiviral agents, such as quercetin, which is a common flavonoid, could reduce the spread of FMD virus (FMDV) during outbreaks. We investigated the in vitro and in vivo antiviral effects of quercetin against FMDV. Analysis of viral copy numbers showed that quercetin had a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on FMDV at concentrations between 19.5 and 1,250 μM in porcine cells. In addition, we observed a quercetin-induced interferon (IFN)-α protein and interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) upregulation in swine cells. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of sera revealed that quercetin induces the production of IFN-α, IFN-β, IFN-γ, interleukin (IL)-12, and IL-15 in mice. Inoculation of mice with quercetin or a combination of quercetin with an inactivated FMD vaccine enhanced both the survival rate and neutralizing antibody titer. Therefore, we suggest the use of quercetin as a novel and effective antiviral agent for controlling FMDV infection; however, further investigation of its application in livestock is required.
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Mariano A, Bigioni I, Marchetti M, Scotto d'Abusco A, Superti F. Repositioned Natural Compounds and Nanoformulations: A Promising Combination to Counteract Cell Damage and Inflammation in Respiratory Viral Infections. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28104045. [PMID: 37241786 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28104045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory viral diseases are among the most important causes of disability, morbidity, and death worldwide. Due to the limited efficacy or side effects of many current therapies and the increase in antiviral-resistant viral strains, the need to find new compounds to counteract these infections is growing. Since the development of new drugs is a time-consuming and expensive process, numerous studies have focused on the reuse of commercially available compounds, such as natural molecules with therapeutic properties. This phenomenon is generally called drug repurposing or repositioning and represents a valid emerging strategy in the drug discovery field. Unfortunately, the use of natural compounds in therapy has some limitations, due to their poor kinetic performance and consequently reduced therapeutic effect. The advent of nanotechnology in biomedicine has allowed this limitation to be overcome, showing that natural compounds in nanoform may represent a promising strategy against respiratory viral infections. In this narrative review, the beneficial effects of some promising natural molecules, curcumin, resveratrol, quercetin, and vitamin C, which have been already studied both in native form and in nanoform, against respiratory viral infections are presented and discussed. The review focuses on the ability of these natural compounds, analyzed in in vitro and in vivo studies, to counteract inflammation and cellular damage induced by viral infection and provide scientific evidence of the benefits of nanoformulations in increasing the therapeutic potential of these molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Mariano
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Irene Bigioni
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Magda Marchetti
- National Centre for Innovative Technologies in Public Health, National Institute of Health, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Scotto d'Abusco
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabiana Superti
- National Centre for Innovative Technologies in Public Health, National Institute of Health, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
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Zhou E, Xue X, Xu H, Zhao L, Wu L, Li Q. Effects of covalent conjugation with quercetin and its glycosides on the structure and allergenicity of Bra c p from bee pollen. Food Chem 2023; 406:135075. [PMID: 36462363 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.135075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Profilin family members are potential pan-allergens in foods, presenting public health hazards. However, studies on the allergenicity modification of profilin allergens are limited. Herein, quercetin and its glycosides (isoquercitrin and rutin) were applied to modify the allergenicity of a profilin allergen (Bra c p) from Brassica campestris bee pollen. Results showed that only quercetin can be closely covalently bound to Bra c p among the three, and the binding site was located at the Cys98 residue. After covalently conjunction, the relative content of α-helix structure in Bra c p was reduced by 40.05%, while random coil was increased by 42.89%; moreover, the Tyr and Phe residues in Bra c p were masked. These structural changes could alter the conformational antigenic epitopes of Bra c p, resulting in its allergenicity reduction. Our findings might provide a technical foundation for reducing the allergenicity of bee pollen and foods containing profilin family allergens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enning Zhou
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100093, China
| | - Xiaofeng Xue
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100093, China
| | - Haoxie Xu
- Institute of Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518060, China
| | - Liuwei Zhao
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100093, China
| | - Liming Wu
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100093, China.
| | - Qiangqiang Li
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100093, China.
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Al-Zharani M, Mubarak M, Rudayni HA, Al-Doaiss AA, Abd-Elwahab MM, Al-Eissa MS. Quercetin as a Dietary Supplementary Flavonoid Alleviates the Oxidative Stress Induced by Lead Toxicity in Male Wistar Rats. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15081888. [PMID: 37111107 PMCID: PMC10143896 DOI: 10.3390/nu15081888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Quercetin is a naturally existing plant pigment belonging to the flavonoid group; it is contained in a wide range of vegetables and fruits. The accumulated evidence points to the potential uses of quercetin in protection of some disease conditions. Lead is one of the highly toxicant heavy metals that are widely spread in the environment and implicated in a wide spectrum of industries. No previous study has been reported to evaluate the effect of quercetin on lead toxicity. Therefore, the present study was conducted to elucidate some aspects of quercetin bioactivities in regard to its ability to combat the oxidative stress induced by lead toxicity. For this purpose, a total of sixty male Wistar rats were randomly and equally divided into three groups of 20 animals each; untreated control animals (group 1), lead-exposed animals (group 2; exposed to lead daily by oral gavage at the dose of 80 mg/Kg b.w.), and group 3 of animals, which were exposed to lead and daily received quercetin (10 h gap time between lead exposure and the receiving of quercetin) by oral gavage at the dose of 350 mg/Kg b.w. The experiment period was 8 weeks. All the assayed hematological and biochemical parameters of animals exposed to lead were significantly altered compared with the untreated control levels. Animals exposed to lead (group 2) exhibited significant decrements of the erythrocytic and total leucocytic counts, hemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume percent, total proteins, albumin and globulin. These animals also disclosed significantly decreased levels of antioxidant markers including total thiols, catalase and glutathione. On the other hand, these animals demonstrated significant increments in the levels of bilirubin, urea, creatinine, BUN, serum enzymes, H2O2 and MDA. Animals exposed to lead and given quercetin (group 3) exhibited improvement of these parameters, which were brought back at varying degrees toward the untreated control levels. Basing on the improvements of the assayed hematological and biochemical parameters, it was concluded that quercetin as a dietary supplement can act efficiently as an antioxidant to counteract the oxidative stress induced by lead toxicity and to maintain the oxidant antioxidant balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Al-Zharani
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Mubarak
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan Ahmed Rudayni
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amin A Al-Doaiss
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud M Abd-Elwahab
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed S Al-Eissa
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia
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Campos MF, Mendonça SC, Peñaloza EMC, de Oliveira BAC, Rosa AS, Leitão GG, Tucci AR, Ferreira VNS, Oliveira TKF, Miranda MD, Allonso D, Leitão SG. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Activity of Ampelozizyphus amazonicus (Saracura-Mirá): Focus on the Modulation of the Spike-ACE2 Interaction by Chemically Characterized Bark Extracts by LC-DAD-APCI-MS/MS. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28073159. [PMID: 37049921 PMCID: PMC10095690 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional medicine shows several treatment protocols for COVID-19 based on natural products, revealing its potential as a possible source of anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents. Ampelozizyphus amazonicus is popularly used in the Brazilian Amazon as a fortifier and tonic, and recently, it has been reported to relieve COVID-19 symptoms. This work aimed to investigate the antiviral potential of A. amazonicus, focusing on the inhibition of spike and ACE2 receptor interaction, a key step in successful infection. Although saponins are the major compounds of this plant and often reported as its active principles, a polyphenol-rich extract was the best inhibitor of the spike and ACE2 interaction. Chemical characterization of A. amazonicus bark extracts by LC-DAD-APCI-MS/MS before and after clean-up steps for polyphenol removal showed that the latter play an essential role in maintaining this activity. The effects of the extracts on viral replication were also assessed, and all samples (aqueous and ethanol extracts) demonstrated in vitro activity, inhibiting viral titers in the supernatant of Calu-3 cells after 24 hpi. By acting both in the SARS-CoV-2 cell entry process and its replication, A. amazonicus bark extracts stand out as a multitarget agent, highlighting the species as a promising candidate in the development of anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Freire Campos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia Vegetal e Bioprocessos, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21.941-902, RJ, Brazil
- Departamento de Produtos Naturais e Alimentos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Ilha do Fundão, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Rio de Janeiro 21.941-902, RJ, Brazil
| | - Simony Carvalho Mendonça
- Departamento de Produtos Naturais e Alimentos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Ilha do Fundão, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Rio de Janeiro 21.941-902, RJ, Brazil
| | - Evelyn Maribel Condori Peñaloza
- Departamento de Produtos Naturais e Alimentos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Ilha do Fundão, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Rio de Janeiro 21.941-902, RJ, Brazil
| | - Beatriz A. C. de Oliveira
- Departamento de Produtos Naturais e Alimentos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Ilha do Fundão, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Rio de Janeiro 21.941-902, RJ, Brazil
| | - Alice S. Rosa
- Laboratório de Morfologia e Morfogênese Viral, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21.941-902, RJ, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, IOC-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21.941-902, RJ, Brazil
| | - Gilda Guimarães Leitão
- Instituto de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21.941-902, RJ, Brazil
| | - Amanda R. Tucci
- Laboratório de Morfologia e Morfogênese Viral, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21.941-902, RJ, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, IOC-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21.941-902, RJ, Brazil
| | - Vivian Neuza S. Ferreira
- Laboratório de Morfologia e Morfogênese Viral, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21.941-902, RJ, Brazil
| | - Thamara Kelcya F. Oliveira
- Laboratório de Morfologia e Morfogênese Viral, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21.941-902, RJ, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, IOC-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21.941-902, RJ, Brazil
| | - Milene Dias Miranda
- Laboratório de Morfologia e Morfogênese Viral, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21.941-902, RJ, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, IOC-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21.941-902, RJ, Brazil
| | - Diego Allonso
- Departamento de Biotecnologia Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21.941-902, RJ, Brazil
| | - Suzana Guimarães Leitão
- Departamento de Produtos Naturais e Alimentos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Ilha do Fundão, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Rio de Janeiro 21.941-902, RJ, Brazil
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Computational studies of potential antiviral compounds from some selected Nigerian medicinal plants against SARS-CoV-2 proteins. INFORMATICS IN MEDICINE UNLOCKED 2023; 38:101230. [PMID: 36974159 PMCID: PMC10030444 DOI: 10.1016/j.imu.2023.101230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The challenges posed by COVID-19's emergence have led to a search for its therapies. There is no cure for COVID-19 infection yet, but there is significant progress in vaccine formulation for prophylaxis and drug development (such as paxlovid) for high-risk patients. As a contribution to the ongoing quest for solutions, this study shows potent phytocompounds identification as inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 targets using in silico methods. We used virtual screening, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to investigate the interaction of some phytochemicals with 3CLpro, ACE2, and PLpro proteins crucial to the SARS-CoV-2 viral cycle. The predicted docking scores range from −5.5 to −9.4 kcal/mol, denoting appreciable binding of these compounds to the SARS-CoV-2 proteins and presenting a multitarget inhibition for COVID-19. Some phytocompounds interact favorably at non-active sites of the enzymes. For instance, MD simulation shows that an identified site on PLpro is stable and likely an allosteric region for inhibitor binding and modulation. These phytocompounds could be developed into effective therapy against COVID-19 and probed as potential multitarget-directed ligands and drug candidates against the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The study unveils drug repurposing, selectivity, allosteric site targeting, and multitarget-directed ligand in one piece. These concepts are three distinct approaches in the drug design and discovery pipeline.
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Schloss JV. Nutritional deficiencies that may predispose to long COVID. Inflammopharmacology 2023; 31:573-583. [PMID: 36920723 PMCID: PMC10015545 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01183-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Multiple nutritional deficiencies (MND) confound studies designed to assess the role of a single nutrient in contributing to the initiation and progression of disease states. Despite the perception of many healthcare practitioners, up to 25% of Americans are deficient in five-or-more essential nutrients. Stress associated with the COVID-19 pandemic further increases the prevalence of deficiency states. Viral infections compete for crucial nutrients with immune cells. Viral replication and proliferation of immunocompetent cells critical to the host response require these essential nutrients, including zinc. Clinical studies have linked levels of more than 22 different dietary components to the likelihood of COVID-19 infection and the severity of the disease. People at higher risk of infection due to MND are also more likely to have long-term sequelae, known as Long COVID.
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Affiliation(s)
- John V Schloss
- Departments of Pharmaceutical Science and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Schools of Pharmacy and Medicine, American University of Health Sciences, 1600 East Hill St., Signal Hill, CA, 90755, USA.
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Cherian S, Hacisayidli KM, Kurian R, Mathews A. Therapeutically important bioactive compounds of the genus Polygonum L. and their possible interventions in clinical medicine. J Pharm Pharmacol 2023; 75:301-327. [PMID: 36757388 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgac105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Increasing literature data have suggested that the genus Polygonum L. possesses pharmacologically important plant secondary metabolites. These bioactive compounds are implicated as effective agents in preclinical and clinical practice due to their pharmacological effects such as anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antidiabetic, antiaging, neuroprotective or immunomodulatory properties among many others. However, elaborate pharmacological and clinical data concerning the bioavailability, tissue distribution pattern, dosage and pharmacokinetic profiles of these compounds are still scanty. KEY FINDINGS The major bioactive compounds implicated in the therapeutic effects of Polygonum genus include phenolic and flavonoid compounds, anthraquinones and stilbenes, such as quercetin, resveratrol, polydatin and others, and could serve as potential drug leads or as adjuvant agents. Data from in-silico network pharmacology and computational molecular docking studies are also highly helpful in identifying the possible drug target of pathogens or host cell machinery. SUMMARY We provide an up-to-date overview of the data from pharmacodynamic, pharmacokinetic profiles and preclinical (in-vitro and in-vivo) investigations and the available clinical data on some of the therapeutically important compounds of genus Polygonum L. and their medical interventions, including combating the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Cherian
- Indian Society for Plant Physiology, New Delhi, India
| | - Kushvar Mammadova Hacisayidli
- Department of Hygiene and Food Safety, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Azerbaijan State Agricultural University, Ganja City, Azerbaijan
| | - Renju Kurian
- Department of Pathology, Manipal University College, Melaka, Malaysia
| | - Allan Mathews
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Quest International University Perak, Ipoh, Malaysia
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An Overview of Herbal Nutraceuticals, Their Extraction, Formulation, Therapeutic Effects and Potential Toxicity. SEPARATIONS 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/separations10030177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Herbal nutraceuticals are foods derived from plants and/or their derivatives, such as oils, roots, seeds, berries, or flowers, that support wellness and combat acute and chronic ailments induced by unhealthful dietary habits. The current review enlists various traditional as well as unexplored herbs including angelica, burnet, caraway, laurel, parsley, yarrow, and zedoary, which are rich sources of bioactive components, such as aloesin, angelicin, trans-anethole, and cholesteric-7-en-3β-ol. The review further compares some of the extraction and purification techniques, namely, Soxhlet extraction, ultrasound assisted extraction, microwave assisted extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, accelerated solvent extraction, hydro-distillation extraction, ultra-high-pressure extraction, enzyme assisted extraction, pulsed electric field extraction, bio affinity chromatography, cell membrane chromatography, and ligand fishing. Herbal nutraceuticals can be purchased in varied formulations, such as capsules, pills, powders, liquids, and gels. Some of the formulations currently available on the market are discussed here. Further, the significance of herbal nutraceuticals in prevention and cure of diseases, such as diabetes, obesity, dementia, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia; and as immunomodulators and antimicrobial agents has been discussed. Noteworthy, the inappropriate use of these herbal nutraceuticals can lead to hepatotoxicity, pulmonary toxicity, cytotoxicity, carcinogenicity, nephrotoxicity, hematotoxicity, and cardiac toxicity. Hence, this review concludes with a discussion of various regulatory aspects undertaken by the government agencies in order to minimize the adverse effects associated with herbal nutraceuticals.
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Brindani N, Munafò F, Menichetti A, Donati E, Nigro M, Ottonello G, Armirotti A, De Vivo M. Design, synthesis, docking, and biochemical characterization of non-nucleoside SARS-CoV-2 RdRp inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2023; 80:117179. [PMID: 36716583 PMCID: PMC9862713 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a worldwide pandemic. The identification of effective antiviral drugs remains an urgent medical need. In this context, here we report 17 new 1,4-benzopyrone derivatives, which have been designed, synthesized, and characterized for their ability to block the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) enzyme, a promising target for antiviral drug discovery. This compound series represents a good starting point for developing non-nucleoside inhibitors of RdRp. Compounds 4, 5, and 8 were the most promising drug-like candidates with good potency in inhibiting RdRp, improved in vitro pharmacokinetics compared to the initial hits, and no cytotoxicity effects on normal cell (HEK-293). Compound 8 (ARN25592) stands out as the most promising inhibitor. Our results indicate that this new chemical class of 1,4-benzopyrone derivatives deserves further exploration towards novel and potent antiviral drugs for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 and potentially other viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoletta Brindani
- Molecular Modeling and Drug Discovery Lab, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Federico Munafò
- Molecular Modeling and Drug Discovery Lab, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Andrea Menichetti
- Molecular Modeling and Drug Discovery Lab, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Elisa Donati
- Molecular Modeling and Drug Discovery Lab, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Michela Nigro
- Molecular Modeling and Drug Discovery Lab, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Giuliana Ottonello
- Analytical Chemistry, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Andrea Armirotti
- Analytical Chemistry, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Marco De Vivo
- Molecular Modeling and Drug Discovery Lab, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy.
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Treatment with quercetin inhibits SARS-CoV-2 N protein-induced acute kidney injury by blocking Smad3-dependent G1 cell-cycle arrest. Mol Ther 2023; 31:344-361. [PMID: 36514292 PMCID: PMC9743779 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2022.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence shows that SARS-CoV-2 can infect kidneys and cause acute kidney injury (AKI) in critically ill COVID-19 patients. However, mechanisms through which COVID-19 induces AKI are largely unknown, and treatment remains ineffective. Here, we report that kidney-specific overexpressing SARS-CoV-2 N gene can cause AKI, including tubular necrosis and elevated levels of serum creatinine and BUN in 8-week-old diabetic db/db mice, which become worse in those with older age (16 weeks) and underlying diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Treatment with quercetin, a purified product from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) that shows effective treatment of COVID-19 patients, can significantly inhibit SARS-CoV-2 N protein-induced AKI in diabetic mice with or without underlying DKD. Mechanistically, quercetin can block the binding of SARS-CoV-2 N protein to Smad3, thereby inhibiting Smad3 signaling and Smad3-mediated cell death via the p16-dependent G1 cell-cycle arrest mechanism in vivo and in vitro. In conclusion, SARS-CoV-2 N protein is pathogenic and can cause severe AKI in diabetic mice, particularly in those with older age and pre-existing DKD, via the Smad3-dependent G1 cell-cycle arrest mechanism. Importantly, we identify that quercetin may be an effective TCM compound capable of inhibiting COVID-19 AKI by blocking SARS-CoV-2 N-Smad3-mediated cell death pathway.
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Investigation of supplement products preferred by healthcare professionals during COVID-19 pandemic process. JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY MEDICINE 2023. [DOI: 10.16899/jcm.1175032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Various products are used to strengthen immunity in prevention and treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic affecting the whole world, which has no cure yet, and the vaccine has just been used. This study was planned to learn about the supplements used by healthcare professionals. Methods: A questionnaire was applied to the physicians, nurses, technicians, secretaries, and staff working in the operating room, intensive care, ward, and outpatient clinic by e-mail, WhatsApp, or face-to-face interview method. Results: There was no difference between the groups in terms of being COVID-19-positive. The most used products were primarily Mg and vitamin D, and vitamin C, ginger, Zn, turmeric, green tea, vitamin complex, thyme, black elderberry (sambucus nigra), propolis, prebiotic/probiotic, acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), black cumin (niger sativa), N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), selenium (Se), Coenzyme-Q10, cinnamon, glutathione (GSH) and quercetin respectively. No one had used alpha lipoic acid (ALA). The products that showed significant differences between the groups with and without COVID-19 were vitamin C, prebiotic/probiotic, propolis and ASA. Conclusıon: Since it is not asked when the product is used, although it is not possible to evaluate its effectiveness for preventive or therapeutic purposes, known to be natural, inexpensive, and easily accessible antiviral products may be preferred.
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Ujjan ID, Khan S, Nigar R, Ahmed H, Ahmad S, Khan A. The possible therapeutic role of curcumin and quercetin in the early-stage of COVID-19-Results from a pragmatic randomized clinical trial. Front Nutr 2023; 9:1023997. [PMID: 36742008 PMCID: PMC9889936 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1023997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Curcumin (CUR) and quercetin (QUE), two natural polyphenols, possess diverse biological activities including broad-spectrum antiviral, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory effects. Both CUR and QUE have shown inhibition of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in in vitro assays. Objective In the present study we aimed to assess the possible treatment benefits of a combined curcumin and quercetin (CUR-QUE) oral supplement, alongside standard of care (SOC), in the early-stage COVID-19 infection. Methods This was an exploratory, pragmatic, open-label, randomized controlled clinical trial, conducted at the Department of Pathology, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, PK. The study compared the treatment effect of an oral CUR-QUE supplement plus SOC vs. SOC alone, in the early-stage/mild to moderately symptomatic COVID-19 outpatients. Patients were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to CUR-QUE (n = 25) and control (n = 25) treatment groups. The CUR-QUE supplementation consisted of a daily intake of 168 mg curcumin and 260 mg quercetin, as two soft capsules, to be taken twice a day at home for 14 days. Results After one-week of treatment, most of the patients in the CUR-QUE group showed an expedited clearance of the viral infection i.e., 18 (72.0%) vs. 6 (24.0%) patients in the control group tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 in the nasal-oropharyngeal swab reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis (p = 0.0002). In addition, COVID-19-associated acute symptoms were also speedily resolved in the CUR-QUE treated patients, i.e., 10 (40.0%) vs. 4 (16.0%) patients in the control group (p = 0.061). The CUR-QUE supplementation therapy was well-tolerated by all 25 patients and no treatment-emergent effects or serious adverse events were reported. Conclusion The results revealed in this exploratory study suggest a possible therapeutic role of curcumin and quercetin in the early-stage of COVID-19. It is proposed that the two agents possibly acting in synergy, interfere the SARS-CoV-2 replication, and thus help a speedy recovery in the early-stage of COVID-19. Further research is highly encouraged. Clinical trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov, Identifier NCT04603690.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikram Din Ujjan
- Department of Pathology, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences (LUMHS), Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - Saeed Khan
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Roohi Nigar
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Bilawal Medical College, LUMHS, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | | | - Sagheer Ahmad
- Shifa College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Amjad Khan
- Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom,*Correspondence: Amjad Khan,
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Di Pierro F, Khan A, Iqtadar S, Mumtaz SU, Chaudhry MNA, Bertuccioli A, Derosa G, Maffioli P, Togni S, Riva A, Allegrini P, Recchia M, Zerbinati N. Quercetin as a possible complementary agent for early-stage COVID-19: Concluding results of a randomized clinical trial. Front Pharmacol 2023; 13:1096853. [PMID: 36712674 PMCID: PMC9880293 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1096853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Quercetin, a natural polyphenol with demonstrated broad-spectrum antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties, has been proposed as an adjuvant for early-stage coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. Objective: To explore the possible therapeutic effect of quercetin in outpatients with early-stage mild to moderate symptoms of COVID-19. Methods: This was an open-label randomized controlled clinical trial conducted at the department of medicine, King Edward Medical University, Lahore, PK. Patients were randomized to receive either standard of care (SC) plus an oral quercetin supplement (500 mg Quercetin Phytosome®, 1st week, TDS: 2nd week, BDS) (n = 50, quercetin group) or SC alone (n = 50, control group). Results: After one week of treatment, patients in the quercetin group showed a speedy recovery from COVID-19 as compared to the control group, i.e., 34 patients (vs. 12 in the control group) tested negative for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) (p = 0.0004), and 26 patients (vs. 12 in the control group) had their COVID-19-associated acute symptoms resolved (p = 0.0051). Patients in the quercetin group also showed a significant fall in the serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) mean values i.e., from 406.56 ± 183.92 to 257.74 ± 110.73 U/L, p = 0.0001. Quercetin was well-tolerated by all the 50 patients, and no side effects were reported. Conclusion: Our results, suggest the possible therapeutic role of quercetin in early-stage COVID-19, including speedy clearance of SARS-CoV-2, early resolution of the acute symptoms and modulation of the host's hyperinflammatory response. Clinical Trial Registration: clinicaltrials.gov, identifier NCT04861298.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Di Pierro
- Scientific and Research Department, Velleja Research, Milan, Italy,Digestive Endoscopy, Fondazione Poliambulanza, Brescia, Italy,*Correspondence: Francesco Di Pierro, ; Amjad Khan,
| | - Amjad Khan
- INEOS Oxford Institute for Antimicrobial Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom,*Correspondence: Francesco Di Pierro, ; Amjad Khan,
| | - Somia Iqtadar
- Department of Medicine, King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sami Ullah Mumtaz
- Department of Medicine, King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Giuseppe Derosa
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy,R&D Department, Indena S.p.A, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Nicola Zerbinati
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
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dos Santos RF, Da Silva T, Brito ACDS, Inácio JD, Ventura BD, Mendes MAP, Azevedo BF, Siqueira LM, Almeida-Amaral EE, Dutra PML, Da-Silva SAG. Therapeutic effect of oral quercetin in hamsters infected with Leishmania Viannia braziliensis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 12:1059168. [PMID: 36710981 PMCID: PMC9880276 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1059168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease caused by several species of intracellular protozoa of the genus Leishmania that present manifestations ranging from cutaneous ulcers to the fatal visceral form. Leishmania Viannia braziliensis is an important species associated with American tegumentary leishmaniasis and the main agent in Brazil, with variable sensitivity to available drugs. The search for new therapeutic alternatives to treat leishmaniasis is an urgent need, especially for endemic countries. Not only is quercetin well known for its antioxidant activity in radical scavenging but also several other biological effects are described, including anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and pro-oxidant activities. This study aimed to investigate the flavonoid quercetin's therapeutic potential in L. (V.) braziliensis infection. Quercetin showed antiamastigote (IC50 of 21 ± 2.5 µM) and antipromastigote (25 ± 0.7 µM) activities and a selectivity index of 22. The treatment of uninfected or L. (V.) braziliensis-infected macrophages with quercetin increased reactive oxygen species (ROS)/H202 generation without altering Nitric Oxide (NO) production. Oral treatment with quercetin of infected hamsters, starting at 1 week of infection for 8 weeks, reduced the lesion thickness (p > 0.01) and parasite load (p > 0.001). The results of this study suggest that the antiamastigote activity of the flavonoid quercetin in vitro is associated, at least in part, with the modulation of ROS production by macrophages. The efficacy of oral quercetin treatment in hamsters infected with L. (V.) braziliensis was presented for the first time and shows its promising therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosiane Freire dos Santos
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia Parasitária, Disciplina de Parasitologia/Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thayssa Da Silva
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia Parasitária, Disciplina de Parasitologia/Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Andréia Carolinne de Souza Brito
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia Parasitária, Disciplina de Parasitologia/Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Job Domingos Inácio
- Laboratório de Bioquímica de Tripanossomatídeos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bianca Domingues Ventura
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia Parasitária, Disciplina de Parasitologia/Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Michely Aparecida Polido Mendes
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia Parasitária, Disciplina de Parasitologia/Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bruno Fonseca Azevedo
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia Parasitária, Disciplina de Parasitologia/Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Larissa Moreira Siqueira
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia Parasitária, Disciplina de Parasitologia/Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Patrícia Maria Lourenço Dutra
- Laboratório de Imunofisiologia do Exercício, Disciplina de Parasitologia/Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Silvia Amaral Gonçalves Da-Silva
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia Parasitária, Disciplina de Parasitologia/Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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48
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Quercetin nano phytosome: as a novel anti-leishmania and anti-malarial natural product. J Parasit Dis 2023; 47:257-264. [PMID: 36685738 PMCID: PMC9838256 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-022-01561-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne disease that affects several populations worldwide with the clinical manifestations in skin, mucous membranes, and internal organs and there are not any effective and available vaccines and conventional treatments are highly toxic. Quercetin is a kind of flavonoid with different biological effects including free radical scavenging and anti-microbial activity and this study is aimed to assess the anti-leishmania and anti-malarial effects of quercetin loaded phytosome and quercetin alone. In this experimental study, the in vitro activity of above drugs were measured using microscopically examinations and for evaluation the anti-leishmanial efficacy, the size of lesions were measured. Moreover the cytotoxicity of the treatments was evaluated on WI38 and J774 cell lines. Our results indicated that quercetin loaded phytosome and quercetin alone have acceptable anti-parasitic activity mostly at concentration of 400 µg/ml on both P. falciparium and L. major. The results of cytotoxicity revealed that the mentioned drugs have no effects on human cell lines and also have no hemolytic activity. The drug of choice for the treatment of leishmaniasis, in addition to killing the parasite, should not have a toxic effect on human cells and our results indicated that quercetin can be a valuable candidate for treatment of different kinds of leishmaniasis.
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Kim HT, Yoo M, Yang E, Song K, Park EJ, Na DH. The importance of
pH
for the formation of stable and active quercetin–polyamidoamine dendrimer complex. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.12669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Taek Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chung‐Ang University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Miri Yoo
- College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University Daegu Republic of Korea
| | - Eun‐Ju Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Chung‐Ang University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung‐Sik Song
- College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University Daegu Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ji Park
- D&D Pharmatech Seongnam Gyeonggi‐do Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hee Na
- College of Pharmacy, Chung‐Ang University Seoul Republic of Korea
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50
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Naidu SAG, Tripathi YB, Shree P, Clemens RA, Naidu AS. Phytonutrient Inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2/NSP5-Encoded Main Protease (M pro) Autocleavage Enzyme Critical for COVID-19 Pathogenesis. J Diet Suppl 2023; 20:284-311. [PMID: 34821532 DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2021.2006388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The genomic reshuffling, mutagenicity, and high transmission rate of the SARS-CoV-2 pathogen highlights an urgent need for effective antiviral interventions for COVID-19 control. Targeting the highly conserved viral genes and/or gene-encoded viral proteins such as main proteinase (Mpro), RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and helicases are plausible antiviral approaches to prevent replication and propagation of the SARS-CoV-2 infection. Coronaviruses (CoVs) are prone to extensive mutagenesis; however, any genetic alteration to its highly conserved Mpro enzyme is often detrimental to the viral pathogen. Therefore, inhibitors that target the Mpro enzyme could reduce the risk of mutation-mediated drug resistance and provide effective antiviral protection. Several existing antiviral drugs and dietary bioactives are currently repurposed to treat COVID-19. Dietary bioactives from three ayurvedic medicinal herbs, 18 β-glycyrrhetinic acid (ΔG = 8.86 kcal/mol), Solanocapsine (ΔG = 8.59 kcal/mol), and Vasicoline (ΔG = 7.34 kcal/mol), showed high-affinity binding to Mpro enzyme than the native N3 inhibitor (ΔG = 5.41 kcal/mol). Flavonoids strongly inhibited SARS-CoV-2 Mpro with comparable or higher potency than the antiviral drug, remdesivir. Several tannin hydrolysates avidly bound to the receptor-binding domain and catalytic dyad (His41 and Cys145) of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro through H-bonding forces. Quercetin binding to Mpro altered the thermostability of the viral protein through redox-based mechanism and inhibited the viral enzymatic activity. Interaction of quercetin-derivatives with the Mpro seem to be influenced by the 7-OH group and the acetoxylation of sugar moiety on the ligand molecule. Based on pharmacokinetic and ADMET profiles, several phytonutrients could serve as a promising redox nutraceutical for COVID-19 management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreus A G Naidu
- N-terminus Research Laboratory, Yorba Linda, California, USA
| | - Yamini B Tripathi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Priya Shree
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Roger A Clemens
- Department of International Regulatory Science, University of Southern California School of Pharmacy, Los Angeles, California, USA
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