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Kato T, Tanaka T, Uchida K. Detection of PPB-Level H 2S Concentrations in Exhaled Breath Using Au Nanosheet Sensors with Small Variability, High Selectivity, and Long-Term Stability. ACS Sens 2024; 9:708-716. [PMID: 38336360 PMCID: PMC10898455 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c01944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
The continuous monitoring of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in exhaled breath enables the detection of health issues such as halitosis and gastrointestinal problems. However, H2S sensors with high selectivity and parts per billion-level detection capability, which are essential for breath analysis, and facile fabrication processes for their integration with other devices are lacking. In this study, we demonstrated Au nanosheet H2S sensors with high selectivity, ppb-level detection capability, and high uniformity by optimizing their fabrication processes: (1) insertion of titanium nitride (TiN) as an adhesion layer to prevent Au agglomeration on the oxide substrate and (2) N2 annealing to improve nanosheet crystallinity. The fabricated Au nanosheets successfully detected H2S at concentrations as low as 5.6 ppb, and the estimated limit of detection was 0.5 ppb, which is superior to that of the human nose (8-13 ppb). In addition, the sensors detected H2S in the exhaled breath of simulated patients at concentrations as low as 175 ppb while showing high selectivity against interfering molecules, such as H2, alcohols, and humidity. Since Au nanosheets with uniform sensor characteristics enable easy device integration, the proposed sensor will be useful for facile health checkups based on breath analysis upon its integration into mobile devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taro Kato
- Department of Materials Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Takahisa Tanaka
- Department of Materials Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Ken Uchida
- Department of Materials Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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2
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Jakšić M, Mihajlović A, Vujić D, Giannoukos S, Brkić B. Membrane inlet mass spectrometry method for food intake impact assessment on specific volatile organic compounds in exhaled breath. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:6077-6091. [PMID: 35727330 PMCID: PMC9314300 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04168-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This research work describes the development of a novel bioanalytical method for the assessment of food impact on selected exhaled breath volatile organic compounds (VOCs) using a fast and portable screening VOC prototype sensor based on membrane inlet mass spectrometry (MIMS). Method and sensor prototype functionality was verified by obtaining good response times, linearity in the examined concentration ranges, and sensitivity and repeatability for several breath VOCs—acetone, ethanol, n-pentane, and isoprene. A new VOC sensor prototype was also proven to be sensitive enough for selected breath VOC quantification with limits of detection at low part per billion (ppb) levels—5 ppb for n-pentane, 10 ppb for acetone and ethanol, and 25 ppb for isoprene. Food impact assessment was accomplished by tracking the levels of acetone, ethanol, n-pentane, and isoprene in exhaled breath samples collected from 50 healthy participants before the meal and 60 min and 120 min after the meal. For acetone, isoprene, and n-pentane, a larger impact was noticed 120 min after the meal, while for ethanol, it was after 60 min. Obtained VOC levels were in the expected concentration ranges. Mean values at all time points were ~ 500–900 ppb for acetone and ~ 400–600 ppb for ethanol. Most of the results for n-pentane were below 5 ppb, but the mean value for those which were detected was ~ 30 ppb. Along with samples, data about participants’ lifestyle were collected via a short questionnaire, which were compared against obtained VOC levels in order to reveal some significant correlations between habits of participants and their breath VOC levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Jakšić
- BioSense Institute, University of Novi Sad, Dr Zorana Djindjića 1, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia.
| | - Andrea Mihajlović
- BioSense Institute, University of Novi Sad, Dr Zorana Djindjića 1, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Djordje Vujić
- BioSense Institute, University of Novi Sad, Dr Zorana Djindjića 1, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Stamatios Giannoukos
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, HCI D 317, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, CH-8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Boris Brkić
- BioSense Institute, University of Novi Sad, Dr Zorana Djindjića 1, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia.
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3
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Romani A, Marrone G, Celotto R, Campo M, Vita C, Chiaramonte C, Carretta A, Di Daniele N, Noce A. Utility of SIFT-MS to evaluate volatile organic compounds in nephropathic patients' breath. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10413. [PMID: 35729207 PMCID: PMC9428186 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14152-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies highlighted a correlation between exhaled air volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and some pathological conditions, such as chronic kidney disease (CKD), chronic liver disease, etc. In fact, in literature has been reported that CKD is characterized by an increased concentration of ammonia, trimethylamine (TMA) and isoprene compared to healthy subjects. Currently, there is not a validate and standardized method to detect VOCs. For this purpose, we examined the utility of selected ion flow tube-mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS) to measure VOCs in CKD patients and we evaluated the possible correlation between VOCs and the presence of CKD and its stage. We enrolled 68 CKD patients under conservative therapy and 54 healthy subjects. The analysis of the VOCs of the exhaled air of the enrolled subjects was performed by SIFT-MS. Among all the VOCs analyzed, the most relevant results by ROC curves were observed for TMA, acetone, ammonia and dimethyl sulfide. We found that a breath TMA concentration superior to 26 ppbv characterizes a 6.11 times greater risk of CKD, compared to subjects with lower levels. Moreover, we detected an increased concentration of acetone and ammonia in CKD patients compared to healthy subjects. We highlight the potential utility of SIFT-MS in CKD clinical management. Clinical trial registry: R.S. 15.19 of 6 February 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Romani
- PHYTOLAB (Pharmaceutical, Cosmetic, Food Supplement, Technology and Analysis), DiSIA, University of Florence, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Giulia Marrone
- UOC of Internal Medicine-Center of Hypertension and Nephrology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Celotto
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Tor Vergata University of Rome, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Margherita Campo
- PHYTOLAB (Pharmaceutical, Cosmetic, Food Supplement, Technology and Analysis), DiSIA, University of Florence, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Chiara Vita
- QuMAP-PIN S.c.r.l.-Polo Universitario "Città di Prato" Servizi Didattici e Scientifici per L'Università di Firenze, Piazza Giovanni Ciardi, 25, 59100, Prato, Italy
| | - Carlo Chiaramonte
- Department of Statistics, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Nicola Di Daniele
- UOC of Internal Medicine-Center of Hypertension and Nephrology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy.
| | - Annalisa Noce
- UOC of Internal Medicine-Center of Hypertension and Nephrology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy.
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Breath Biomarkers as Disease Indicators: Sensing Techniques Approach for Detecting Breath Gas and COVID-19. CHEMOSENSORS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors10050167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Extensive research shows that there is a close correlation between a disease diagnostic and the patient’s exhale breath gas composition. It has been demonstrated, for example, that patients with a diabetes diagnosis have a certain level of acetone fume in their exhale breath. Actually, symptoms from many other diseases could be easily diagnosed if appropriate and reliable gas sensing technologies are available. The COVID-19 pandemic has created demand for a cheap and quick screening tool for the disease, where breath biomarker screening could be a very promising approach. It has been shown that COVID-19 patients potentially present a simultaneous increase in ethanal (acetaldehyde) and acetone in their exhale breath. In this paper, we explore two different sensing approaches to detect ethanal/acetone, namely by colorimetric markers, which could for example be integrated into facemasks, and by a breathalyzer containing a functionalized quartz crystal microbalance. Both approaches can successfully detect the presence of a biomarker gas on a person’s breath and this could potentially revolutionize the future of healthcare in terms of non-invasive and early-stage detection of various diseases.
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Eriksson CJP, Metsälä M, Möykkynen T, Mäkisalo H, Kärkkäinen O, Palmén M, Salminen JE, Kauhanen J. L-Cysteine Containing Vitamin Supplement Which Prevents or Alleviates Alcohol-related Hangover Symptoms: Nausea, Headache, Stress and Anxiety. Alcohol Alcohol 2021; 55:660-666. [PMID: 32808029 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agaa082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Alcohol-related hangover symptoms: nausea, headache, stress and anxiety cause globally considerable amount of health problems and economic losses. Many of these harmful effects are produced by alcohol and its metabolite, acetaldehyde, which also is a common ingredient in alcohol beverages. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of the amino acid L-cysteine on the alcohol/acetaldehyde related aftereffects. METHODS Voluntary healthy participants were recruited through advertisements. Volunteers had to have experience of hangover and/or headache. The hangover study was randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled. Nineteen males randomly swallowed placebo and L-cysteine tablets. The alcohol dose was 1.5 g/kg, which was consumed during 3 h. RESULTS The primary results based on correlational analysis showed that L-cysteine prevents or alleviates hangover, nausea, headache, stress and anxiety. For hangover, nausea and headache the results were apparent with the L-cysteine dose of 1200 mg and for stress and anxiety already with the dose of 600 mg. CONCLUSIONS L-cysteine would reduce the need of drinking the next day with no or less hangover symptoms: nausea, headache, stress and anxiety. Altogether, these effects of L-cysteine are unique and seem to have a future in preventing or alleviating these harmful symptoms as well as reducing the risk of alcohol addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Peter Eriksson
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Yliopistonkatu 4, 00100 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markus Metsälä
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Yliopistonkatu 4, 00100 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tommi Möykkynen
- Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Yliopistonkatu 4, 00100 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heikki Mäkisalo
- Transplantation and Liver Surgery Unit, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Yliopistonkatu 4, 00100 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olli Kärkkäinen
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1 C, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Maria Palmén
- Schildts & Söderströms, Snellmaninkatu 13, 00170 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Joonas E Salminen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Yliopistonkatu 4, 00100 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jussi Kauhanen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1 C, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
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Lammers A, Brinkman P, te Nijenhuis LH, Vries R, Dagelet YWF, Duijvelaar E, Xu B, Abdel‐Aziz MI, Vijverberg SJ, Neerincx AH, Frey U, Lutter R, Maitland‐van der Zee AH, Sterk PJ, Sinha A. Increased day-to-day fluctuations in exhaled breath profiles after a rhinovirus challenge in asthma. Allergy 2021; 76:2488-2499. [PMID: 33704785 PMCID: PMC8360186 DOI: 10.1111/all.14811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Background Early detection/prediction of flare‐ups in asthma, commonly triggered by viruses, would enable timely treatment. Previous studies on exhaled breath analysis by electronic nose (eNose) technology could discriminate between stable and unstable episodes of asthma, using single/few time‐points. To investigate its monitoring properties during these episodes, we examined day‐to‐day fluctuations in exhaled breath profiles, before and after a rhinovirus‐16 (RV16) challenge, in healthy and asthmatic adults. Methods In this proof‐of‐concept study, 12 atopic asthmatic and 12 non‐atopic healthy adults were prospectively followed thrice weekly, 60 days before, and 30 days after a RV16 challenge. Exhaled breath profiles were detected using an eNose, consisting of 7 different sensors. Per sensor, individual means were calculated using pre‐challenge visits. Absolute deviations (|%|) from this baseline were derived for all visits. Within‐group comparisons were tested with Mann‐Whitney U tests and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Finally, Spearman's correlations between the total change in eNose deviations and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), cold‐like symptoms, and pro‐inflammatory cytokines were examined. Results Both groups had significantly increased eNose fluctuations post‐challenge, which in asthma started 1 day post‐challenge, before the onset of symptoms. Discrimination between pre‐ and post‐challenge reached an area under the ROC curve of 0.82 (95% CI = 0.65–0.99) in healthy and 0.97 (95% CI = 0.91–1.00) in asthmatic adults. The total change in eNose deviations moderately correlated with IL‐8 and TNFα (ρ ≈ .50–0.60) in asthmatics. Conclusion Electronic nose fluctuations rapidly increase after a RV16 challenge, with distinct differences between healthy and asthmatic adults, suggesting that this technology could be useful in monitoring virus‐driven unstable episodes in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariana Lammers
- Department of Respiratory Medicine Amsterdam UMC University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Paul Brinkman
- Department of Respiratory Medicine Amsterdam UMC University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Louwrina H. te Nijenhuis
- Department of Respiratory Medicine Amsterdam UMC University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Rianne Vries
- Department of Respiratory Medicine Amsterdam UMC University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
- Breathomix BV Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Yennece W. F. Dagelet
- Department of Respiratory Medicine Amsterdam UMC University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Erik Duijvelaar
- Department of Respiratory Medicine Amsterdam UMC University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Binbin Xu
- EuroMov Digital Health in Motion Univ Montpellier IMT Mines Ales Ales France
| | - Mahmoud I. Abdel‐Aziz
- Department of Respiratory Medicine Amsterdam UMC University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Susanne J. Vijverberg
- Department of Respiratory Medicine Amsterdam UMC University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Anne H. Neerincx
- Department of Respiratory Medicine Amsterdam UMC University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Urs Frey
- University Children's Hospital Basel UKBB University of Basel Basel Switzerland
| | - Rene Lutter
- Department of Respiratory Medicine Amsterdam UMC University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
- Department of Experimental Immunology Amsterdam UMC University of Amsterdam Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | | | - Peter J. Sterk
- Department of Respiratory Medicine Amsterdam UMC University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Anirban Sinha
- Department of Respiratory Medicine Amsterdam UMC University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
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The New Approach to a Pattern Recognition of Volatile Compounds: The Inflammation Markers in Nasal Mucus Swabs from Calves Using the Gas Sensor Array. CHEMOSENSORS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors9060116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This paper discusses the application of two approaches (direct and inverse) to the identification of volatile substances by means of a gas sensor array in a headspace over nasal mucus swab samples taken from calves with differing degrees of respiratory damage. We propose a unique method to visualize sensor array data for quality analysis, based on the spectra of cross mass sensitivity parameters. The traditional method, which requires an initial sensor array trained on the vapors of the individual substances (database accumulation)—with their further identification in the analyzed bio-samples through the comparison of the analysis results to the database—has shown unsatisfactory performance. The proposed inverse approach is more informative for the pattern recognition of volatile substances in the headspace of mucus samples. The projection of the calculated parameters of the sensor array for individual substances in the principal component space, acquired while processing the sensor array output from nasal swab samples, has allowed us to divide animals into groups according to the clinical diagnosis of their lung condition (healthy respiratory system, bronchitis, or bronchopneumonia). The substances detected in the gas phase of the nasal swab samples (cyclohexanone, butanone-2,4-methyl-2-pentanone) were correlated with the clinical state of the animals, and were consistent with the reference data on disease markers in exhaled air established for destructive organism processes.
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Portable Electronic Nose for Analyzing the Smell of Nasal Secretions in Calves: Toward Noninvasive Diagnosis of Infectious Bronchopneumonia. Vet Sci 2021; 8:vetsci8050074. [PMID: 33925674 PMCID: PMC8145462 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci8050074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The paper demonstrates a new approach to identify healthy calves (“healthy”) and naturally occurring infectious bronchopneumonia (“sick”) calves by analysis of the gaseous phase over nasal secretions using 16 piezoelectric sensors in two portable devices. Samples of nasal secretions were obtained from 50 red-motley Holstein calves aged 14–42 days. Calves were subjected to rectal temperature measurements, clinical score according to the Wisconsin respiratory scoring chart, thoracic auscultation, and radiography (Carestream DR, New York, USA). Of the 50 calves, we included samples from 40 (20 “healthy” and 20 “sick”) in the training sample. The remaining ten calves (five “healthy” and five “sick”) were included in the test sample. It was possible to divide calves into “healthy” and “sick” groups according to the output data of the sensor arrays (maximum sensor signals and calculated parameters Ai/j) using the principal component linear discriminant analysis (PCA–LDA) with an accuracy of 100%. The adequacy of the PCA–LDA model was verified on a test sample. It was found that data of sensors with films of carbon nanotubes, zirconium nitrate, hydroxyapatite, methyl orange, bromocresol green, and Triton X-100 had the most significance for dividing samples into groups. The differences in the composition of the gaseous phase over the samples of nasal secretions for such a classification could be explained by the appearance or change in the concentrations of ketones, alcohols, organic carboxylic acids, aldehydes, amines, including cyclic amines or those with a branched hydrocarbon chain.
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Jin ML, Park S, Kweon H, Koh HJ, Gao M, Tang C, Cho SY, Kim Y, Zhang S, Li X, Shin K, Fu A, Jung HT, Ahn CW, Kim DH. Scalable Superior Chemical Sensing Performance of Stretchable Ionotronic Skin via a π-Hole Receptor Effect. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2007605. [PMID: 33599041 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202007605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Skin-attachable gas sensors provide a next-generation wearable platform for real-time protection of human health by monitoring environmental and physiological chemicals. However, the creation of skin-like wearable gas sensors, possessing high sensitivity, selectivity, stability, and scalability (4S) simultaneously, has been a big challenge. Here, an ionotronic gas-sensing sticker (IGS) is demonstrated, implemented with free-standing polymer electrolyte (ionic thermoplastic polyurethane, i-TPU) as a sensing channel and inkjet-printed stretchable carbon nanotube electrodes, which enables the IGS to exhibit high sensitivity, selectivity, stability (against mechanical stress, humidity, and temperature), and scalable fabrication, simultaneously. The IGS demonstrates reliable sensing capability against nitrogen dioxide molecules under not only harsh mechanical stress (cyclic bending with the radius of curvature of 1 mm and cyclic straining at 50%), but also environmental conditions (thermal aging from -45 to 125 °C for 1000 cycles and humidity aging for 24 h at 85% relative humidity). Further, through systematic experiments and theoretical calculations, a π-hole receptor mechanism is proposed, which can effectively elucidate the origin of the high sensitivity (up to parts per billion level) and selectivity of the ionotronic sensing system. Consequently, this work provides a guideline for the design of ionotronic materials for the achievement of high-performance and skin-attachable gas-sensor platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Liang Jin
- Institute for Future, Automation School of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Automation School of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Sangsik Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyukmin Kweon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong-Jun Koh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK-21 Plus), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Gao
- Institute of Microengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Rue de la Maladière 71b, Neuchâtel, 2000, Switzerland
| | - Chao Tang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Soo-Yeon Cho
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Yunpyo Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Biological Interfaces, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Shuye Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Jointing, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Xinlin Li
- College of Electromechanical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Kwanwoo Shin
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Biological Interfaces, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Aiping Fu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Hee-Tae Jung
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK-21 Plus), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi Won Ahn
- Department of Nano-Structured Materials Research, National NanoFab Center (NNFC), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-338, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Hwan Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
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Henderson B, Lopes Batista G, Bertinetto CG, Meurs J, Materić D, Bongers CCWG, Allard NAE, Eijsvogels TMH, Holzinger R, Harren FJM, Jansen JJ, Hopman MTE, Cristescu SM. Exhaled Breath Reflects Prolonged Exercise and Statin Use during a Field Campaign. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11040192. [PMID: 33805108 PMCID: PMC8064097 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11040192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath provide insights into various metabolic processes and can be used to monitor physiological response to exercise and medication. We integrated and validated in situ a sampling and analysis protocol using proton transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry (PTR-ToF-MS) for exhaled breath research. The approach was demonstrated on a participant cohort comprising users of the cholesterol-lowering drug statins and non-statin users during a field campaign of three days of prolonged and repeated exercise, with no restrictions on food or drink consumption. The effect of prolonged exercise was reflected in the exhaled breath of participants, and relevant VOCs were identified. Most of the VOCs, such as acetone, showed an increase in concentration after the first day of walking and subsequent decrease towards baseline levels prior to walking on the second day. A cluster of short-chain fatty acids including acetic acid, butanoic acid, and propionic acid were identified in exhaled breath as potential indicators of gut microbiota activity relating to exercise and drug use. We have provided novel information regarding the use of breathomics for non-invasive monitoring of changes in human metabolism and especially for the gut microbiome activity in relation to exercise and the use of medication, such as statins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Henderson
- Department of Molecular and Laser Physics, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, 6525 XZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (B.H.); (G.L.B.); (J.M.); (D.M.); (F.J.M.H.)
| | - Guilherme Lopes Batista
- Department of Molecular and Laser Physics, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, 6525 XZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (B.H.); (G.L.B.); (J.M.); (D.M.); (F.J.M.H.)
| | - Carlo G. Bertinetto
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Chemometrics, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, 6525 XZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (C.G.B.); (J.J.J.)
| | - Joris Meurs
- Department of Molecular and Laser Physics, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, 6525 XZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (B.H.); (G.L.B.); (J.M.); (D.M.); (F.J.M.H.)
| | - Dušan Materić
- Department of Molecular and Laser Physics, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, 6525 XZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (B.H.); (G.L.B.); (J.M.); (D.M.); (F.J.M.H.)
- Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research, Utrecht University, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Coen C. W. G. Bongers
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 XZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (C.C.W.G.B.); (N.A.E.A.); (T.M.H.E.); (M.T.E.H.)
| | - Neeltje A. E. Allard
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 XZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (C.C.W.G.B.); (N.A.E.A.); (T.M.H.E.); (M.T.E.H.)
| | - Thijs M. H. Eijsvogels
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 XZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (C.C.W.G.B.); (N.A.E.A.); (T.M.H.E.); (M.T.E.H.)
| | - Rupert Holzinger
- Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research, Utrecht University, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Frans J. M. Harren
- Department of Molecular and Laser Physics, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, 6525 XZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (B.H.); (G.L.B.); (J.M.); (D.M.); (F.J.M.H.)
| | - Jeroen J. Jansen
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Chemometrics, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, 6525 XZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (C.G.B.); (J.J.J.)
| | - Maria T. E. Hopman
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 XZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (C.C.W.G.B.); (N.A.E.A.); (T.M.H.E.); (M.T.E.H.)
| | - Simona M. Cristescu
- Department of Molecular and Laser Physics, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, 6525 XZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (B.H.); (G.L.B.); (J.M.); (D.M.); (F.J.M.H.)
- Correspondence:
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11
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Slingers G, Vanden Eede M, Lindekens J, Spruyt M, Goelen E, Raes M, Koppen G. Real-time versus thermal desorption selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry for quantification of breath volatiles. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2021; 35:e8994. [PMID: 33125775 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS) is versatile, rapidly provides result output and determines a wide range of volatiles, making it suitable for biomedical applications. When direct sampling into the SIFT-MS instrument is impractical, combining thermal desorption (TD) and SIFT-MS might offer a solution as it allows sample storage on sorbent tubes for later analysis. This work compares off-line TD SIFT-MS and real-time SIFT-MS for the quantification of selected breath volatiles. METHODS Ten healthy non-smoking individuals provided 60 breath samples per method. For off-line analysis, breath was collected onto sorbent tubes via a breath sampler provided with filtered inspiratory air. After TD, samples were re-collected in Tedlar bags which were then connected to the SIFT-MS instrument. For real-time analysis, breath was sampled directly into the instrument. In both cases the analytical method included a total of 155 product ions, and 14 selected volatiles were quantified. The agreement between the methods was assessed using Pearson correlation coefficients and Bland-Altman plots. RESULTS Overall, correlations between real-time and off-line analysis were moderate to very strong (r = 0.43-0.92) depending on the volatile of interest, except for 2,3-butanedione and styrene. The difference between real-time and off-line measured breath concentrations (average bias) ranged between -14.57 and 20.48 ppbv. For acetone and isoprene, it was 251.53 and 31.9 ppbv, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Real-time SIFT-MS and off-line TD SIFT-MS for quantification of selected breath volatiles did not show optimal agreement. Analyzing a multitude of analytes in breath via direct exhalation into a SIFT-MS instrument for real-time analysis is challenging. On the other hand, off-line analysis using a breath collection device also has its issues such as possible sample losses due to selective absorption depending on the sorbent used or during desorption and transfer to the instrument. Despite these drawbacks, both methods were moderately well correlated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gitte Slingers
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, LCRC, Hasselt University, Agoralaan, Diepenbeek, 3590, Belgium
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research, VITO Health, Boeretang, Mol, 2400, Belgium
- Paediatrics, Jessa Hospital, Stadsomvaart, Hasselt, 3500, Belgium
| | - Martin Vanden Eede
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research, VITO Health, Boeretang, Mol, 2400, Belgium
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Paediatrics, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein, Edegem, 2650, Belgium
| | - Jill Lindekens
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, LCRC, Hasselt University, Agoralaan, Diepenbeek, 3590, Belgium
| | - Maarten Spruyt
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research, VITO Health, Boeretang, Mol, 2400, Belgium
| | - Eddy Goelen
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research, VITO Health, Boeretang, Mol, 2400, Belgium
| | - Marc Raes
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, LCRC, Hasselt University, Agoralaan, Diepenbeek, 3590, Belgium
- Paediatrics, Jessa Hospital, Stadsomvaart, Hasselt, 3500, Belgium
| | - Gudrun Koppen
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research, VITO Health, Boeretang, Mol, 2400, Belgium
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12
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van den Broek J, Bischof D, Derron N, Abegg S, Gerber PA, Güntner AT, Pratsinis SE. Screening Methanol Poisoning with a Portable Breath Detector. Anal Chem 2021; 93:1170-1178. [PMID: 33315383 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c04230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Methanol poisoning outbreaks after consumption of adulterated alcohol frequently overwhelm health care facilities in developing countries. Here, we present how a recently developed low-cost and handheld breath detector can serve as a noninvasive and rapid diagnostic tool for methanol poisoning. The detector combines a separation column and a micromachined chemoresistive gas sensor fully integrated into a device that communicates wirelessly with a smartphone. The performance of the detector is validated with methanol-spiked breath of 20 volunteers (105 breath samples) after consumption of alcoholic beverages. Breath methanol concentrations were quantified accurately within 2 min in the full breath-relevant range (10-1000 ppm) in excellent agreement (R2 = 0.966) with benchtop mass spectrometry. Bland-Altman analysis revealed sufficient limits of agreement (95% confidence intervals), promising to indicate reliably the clinical need for antidote and hemodialysis treatment. This simple-in-use detector features high diagnostic capability for accurate measurement of methanol in spiked breath, promising for rapid screening of methanol poisoning and assessment of severity. It can be applied readily by first responders to distinguish methanol from ethanol poisoning and monitor in real time the subsequent hospital treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan van den Broek
- Particle Technology Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dario Bischof
- Particle Technology Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nina Derron
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Abegg
- Particle Technology Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Philipp A Gerber
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas T Güntner
- Particle Technology Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sotiris E Pratsinis
- Particle Technology Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
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13
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Bellagambi FG, Lomonaco T, Ghimenti S, Biagini D, Fuoco R, Di Francesco F. Determination of peppermint compounds in breath by needle trap micro-extraction coupled with gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Breath Res 2020; 15. [PMID: 33238253 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/abcdec] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Breath analysis is an alternative approach for disease diagnosis and for monitoring therapy. The lack of standardized procedures for collecting and analysing breath samples currently limits its use in clinical practice. In order to overcome this limitation, the "Peppermint Consortium" was established within the breath community to carry out breath wash-out experiments and define reference values for a panel of compounds contained in the peppermint oil capsule. Here, we present a needle trap micro-extraction technique coupled with gas chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry for a rapid and accurate determination of alpha-pinene, beta-pinene, limonene, eucalyptol, menthofuran, menthone, menthol and menthyl acetate in mixed breath samples. Detection limits between 1 and 20 pptv were observed when 25 mL of a humidified standard gas mixture were loaded into a needle trap device at a flow rate of 10 mL/min. Inter- and intra-day precisions were lower than 15%, thus confirming the reliability of the assay. Our procedure was used to analyse breath samples taken from a nominally healthy volunteer who were invited to swallow a 200 mg capsule of peppermint oil. Six samples were collected at various times within six hours of ingestion. Analyte concentrations were not affected by the sampling mode (i.e. mixed vs. end-tidal fraction), whereas respiratory rate and exhalation flow rate values slightly influenced the concentration of the target compounds in breath samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca G Bellagambi
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 5, rue de la Doua, Villeurbanne, FRANCE, 69100, FRANCE
| | - Tommaso Lomonaco
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, Universita degli Studi di Pisa Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Via G. Moruzzi, 13, Pisa, Tuscany, 56124, ITALY
| | - Silvia Ghimenti
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Toscana, ITALY
| | - Denise Biagini
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Toscana, ITALY
| | - Roger Fuoco
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Toscana, ITALY
| | - Fabio Di Francesco
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Toscana, ITALY
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14
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Slingers G, Goossens R, Janssens H, Spruyt M, Goelen E, Vanden EM, Raes M, Koppen G. Real-time selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry to assess short- and long-term variability in oral and nasal breath. J Breath Res 2020; 14:036006. [PMID: 32422613 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/ab9423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Breath-based non-invasive diagnostics have the potential to provide valuable information about a person's health status. However, they are not yet widely used in clinical practice due to multiple factors causing variability and the lack of standardized procedures. This study focuses on the comparison of oral and nasal breathing, and on the variability of volatile metabolites over the short and long term. Selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS) was used for online analysis of selected volatile metabolites in oral and nasal breath of 10 healthy individuals five times in one day (short-term) and six times spread over three weeks (long-term), resulting in nearly 100 breath samplings. Intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs) were used to assess short- and long-term biological variability. Additionally, the composition of ambient air was analyzed at different samplings. The selected volatiles common in exhaled breath were propanol, 2,3-butanedione, acetaldehyde, acetone, ammonia, dimethyl sulfide, isoprene, pentane, and propanal. Additionally, environmental compounds benzene and styrene were analyzed as well. Volatile metabolite concentrations in ambient air were not correlated with those in exhaled breath and were significantly lower than in breath samples. All volatiles showed significant correlation between oral and nasal breath. Five were significantly higher in oral breath compared to nasal breath, while for acetone, propanal, dimethyl sulfide, and ammonia, concentrations were similar in both matrices. Variability depended on the volatile metabolite. Most physiologically relevant volatiles (acetone, isoprene, propanol, acetaldehyde) showed good to very good biological reproducibility (ICC > 0.61) mainly in oral breath and over a short-term period of one day. Both breathing routes showed relatively similar patterns; however, bigger differences were expected. Therefore, since sampling from the mouth is practically more easy, the latter might be preferred.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Slingers
- Hasselt University, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, LCRC, Agoralaan 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium. Flemish Institute for Technological Research, Unit Health, Industriezone Vlasmeer 2400, Mol, Belgium. Paediatrics, Jessa Hospital, Hasselt, Stadsomvaart 3500, Belgium
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15
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Quantification of volatile metabolites in exhaled breath by selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry, SIFT-MS. CLINICAL MASS SPECTROMETRY 2020; 16:18-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinms.2020.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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16
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Brůhová Michalčíková R, Dryahina K, Smith D, Španěl P. Volatile compounds released by Nalophan; implications for selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry and other chemical ionisation mass spectrometry analytical methods. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2020; 34:e8602. [PMID: 31756780 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Nalophan bags are commonly used to collect breath samples for volatile metabolite analysis. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released from the polymer can, however, be mistaken as breath metabolites when analyses are performed by selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry, SIFT-MS, or techniques that depend on a proper understanding of ion chemistry. METHODS Three analytical techniques were used to analyse the VOCs released into the nitrogen used to expand Nalophan bags, viz. gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), secondary electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (SESI-MS) and selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS). The most significant VOCs were identified and quantified by SIFT-MS as a function of storage time, temperature and humidity. RESULTS The consistent results obtained by these three analytical methods identify 1,2-ethanediol (ethylene glycol) and 2-methyl-1,3-dioxolane as the major VOCs released by the Nalophan. Their concentrations are enhanced by increasing the bag storage temperature and time, reaching 170 parts-per-billion by volume (ppbv) for ethylene glycol and 34 ppbv for 2-methyl-1,3-dioxolane in humid nitrogen (absolute humidity of 5%) contained in an 8-L Nalophan bag stored at 37°C for 160 min. CONCLUSIONS Using H3 O+ reagent ions for SIFT-MS and SESI-MS analyses, the following analyte ions (m/z values) are affected by the Nalophan impurities: 45, 63, 81, 89 and 99, which can compromise analyses of acetaldehyde, ethylene glycol, monoterpenes, acetoin, butyric acid, hexanal and heptane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Brůhová Michalčíková
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Dolejškova, Czech Republic
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov, Czech Republic
| | - Kseniya Dryahina
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Dolejškova, Czech Republic
| | - David Smith
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Dolejškova, Czech Republic
| | - Patrik Španěl
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Dolejškova, Czech Republic
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17
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Mitova MI, Cluse C, Goujon-Ginglinger CG, Kleinhans S, Rotach M, Tharin M. Human chemical signature: Investigation on the influence of human presence and selected activities on concentrations of airborne constituents. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 257:113518. [PMID: 31753636 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
There is growing evidence that the very presence of human beings in an enclosed environment can impact air quality by affecting the concentrations of certain airborne volatile organic compounds (VOC). This influence increases considerably when humans perform different activities, such as using toiletries, or simply eating and drinking. To understand the influence of these parameters on the concentrations of selected airborne constituents, a study was performed under simulated residential conditions in an environmentally-controlled exposure room. The human subjects either simply remained for a certain time in the exposure room, or performed pre-defined activities in the room (drinking wine, doing sport, using toiletries, and preparation of a meal containing melted cheese). The impact of each activity was assessed separately using our analytical platform and exposure room under controlled environmental conditions. The results showed that prolonged human presence leads to increased levels of isoprene, TVOCs, formaldehyde and, to a lesser extent, acetaldehyde. These outcomes were further supported by results of meta-analyses of data acquired during several internal studies performed over two years. Furthermore, it was seen that the indoor concentrations of several of the selected constituents rose when the recreational and daily living activities were performed. Indeed, an increase in acetaldehyde was observed for all tested conditions, and these higher indoor levels were especially notable during wine-drinking as well as cheese meal preparation. Formaldehyde increased during the sessions involving sport, using toiletries, and cheese meal preparation. Like acetaldehyde, acrolein, crotonaldehyde and particulate matter levels rose significantly during the cheese meal preparation session. In conclusion, prolonged human residence indoors and some recreational and daily living activities caused substantial emissions of several airborne pollutants under ventilation typical for residential environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya I Mitova
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | - Camille Cluse
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | | | - Samuel Kleinhans
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Michel Rotach
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Manuel Tharin
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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18
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Song L, Dou K, Wang R, Leng P, Luo L, Xi Y, Kaun CC, Han N, Wang F, Chen Y. Sr-Doped Cubic In 2O 3/Rhombohedral In 2O 3 Homojunction Nanowires for Highly Sensitive and Selective Breath Ethanol Sensing: Experiment and DFT Simulation Studies. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:1270-1279. [PMID: 31822058 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b15928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, it is urgent and challenging to fabricate highly sensitive and selective gas sensors for breath analyses. In this work, Sr-doped cubic In2O3/rhombohedral In2O3 homojunction nanowires (NWs) are synthesized by one-step electrospun technology. The Sr doping alters the cubic phase of pure In2O3 into the rhombohedral phase, which is verified by the high-resolution transmittance electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy, and is attributable to the low cohesive energy as calculated by the density functional theory (DFT). As a proof-of-concept of fatty liver biomarker sensing, ethanol sensors are fabricated using the electrospun In2O3 NWs. The results show that 8 wt % Sr-doped In2O3 shows the highest ethanol sensing performance with a high response of 21-1 ppm, a high selectivity over other interfering gases such as methanol, acetone, formaldehyde, toluene, xylene, and benzene, a high stability measured in 6 weeks, and also a high resistance to high humidity of 80%. The outstanding ethanol sensing performance is attributable to the enhanced ethanol adsorption by Sr doping as calculated by DFT, the stable rhombohedral phase and the preferred (104) facet exposure, and the formed homojunctions favoring the electron transfer. All these results show the effective structural modification of In2O3 by Sr doping, and also the great potency of the homojunction Sr-doped In2O3 NWs for highly sensitive, selective, and stable breath ethanol sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longfei Song
- College of Physics and Cultivation Base for State Key Laboratory , Qingdao University , Qingdao 266071 , China
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems , Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Kunpeng Dou
- College of Information Science and Engineering , Ocean University of China , Qingdao 266100 , China
| | - Rongrong Wang
- Department of Pharmacy , The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University , Qingdao 266003 , China
| | - Ping Leng
- Department of Pharmacy , The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University , Qingdao 266003 , China
| | - Linqu Luo
- College of Physics and Cultivation Base for State Key Laboratory , Qingdao University , Qingdao 266071 , China
| | - Yan Xi
- College of Physics and Cultivation Base for State Key Laboratory , Qingdao University , Qingdao 266071 , China
| | - Chao-Cheng Kaun
- Research Center for Applied Sciences , Academia Sinica , Taipei 11529 , Taiwan
| | - Ning Han
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems , Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Fengyun Wang
- College of Physics and Cultivation Base for State Key Laboratory , Qingdao University , Qingdao 266071 , China
| | - Yunfa Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems , Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
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19
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Asanuma K, Hino S, Maruo YY. Development of an analytical chip for nitrogen monoxide detection using porous glass impregnated with 2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-3-oxide-1-oxyl. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.104251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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20
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Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are among the most abundant air pollutants. Their high concentrations can adversely affect the human body, and therefore, early detection of VOCs is of outmost importance. Among the different VOCs, in this review paper we have focused our attention to the monitoring of acetaldehyde by chemiresistive gas sensors fabricated from nanostructured semiconducting metal oxides. These sensors can not only provide a high sensing signal for detection of acetaldehyde but also high thermal and mechanical stability along with a low price. This review paper is divided into three major sections. First, we will introduce acetaldehyde as an important VOC and the importance of its detection. Then, the fundamentals of chemiresistive gas sensors will be briefly presented, and in the last section, a survey of the literature on acetaldehyde gas sensors will be presented. The working mechanism of acetaldehyde sensors, their structures, and configurations are reviewed. Finally, the future development outlook and potential applications are discussed, giving a complete panoramic view for researchers working and interested in acetaldehyde detection for different purposes in many fundamental and applicative fields.
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21
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Sinha A, Lutter R, Xu B, Dekker T, Dierdorp B, Sterk PJ, Frey U, Eckert ED. Loss of adaptive capacity in asthmatic patients revealed by biomarker fluctuation dynamics after rhinovirus challenge. eLife 2019; 8:47969. [PMID: 31687927 PMCID: PMC6877087 DOI: 10.7554/elife.47969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a dynamic disease, in which lung mechanical and inflammatory processes interact in a complex manner, often resulting in exaggerated physiological, in particular, inflammatory responses to exogenous triggers. We hypothesize that this may be explained by respiratory disease-related systems instability and loss of adaptability to changing environmental conditions, manifested in highly fluctuating biomarkers and symptoms. Using time series of inflammatory (eosinophils, neutrophils, FeNO), clinical and lung function biomarkers (PEF, FVC,FEV1), we estimated this loss of adaptive capacity (AC) during an experimental rhinovirus infection in 24 healthy and asthmatic human volunteers. Loss of AC was estimated by comparing similarities between pre- and post-challenge time series. Unlike healthy participants, the asthmatic’s post-viral-challenge state resembled more other rhinovirus-infected asthmatics than their own pre-viral-challenge state (hypergeometric-test: p=0.029). This reveals loss of AC and supports the concept that in asthma, biological processes underlying inflammatory and physiological responses are unstable, contributing to loss of control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Sinha
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Biomedical Engineering and University Children's Hospital, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - René Lutter
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Binbin Xu
- University of Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR 1219, Bordeaux, France
| | - Tamara Dekker
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Barbara Dierdorp
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Peter J Sterk
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Urs Frey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and University Children's Hospital, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Edgar Delgado Eckert
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and University Children's Hospital, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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22
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Iitani K, Toma K, Arakawa T, Mitsubayashi K. Ultrasensitive Sniff-Cam for Biofluorometric-Imaging of Breath Ethanol Caused by Metabolism of Intestinal Flora. Anal Chem 2019; 91:9458-9465. [PMID: 31287286 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b05840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We developed a gas-imaging system (sniff-cam) for gaseous ethanol (EtOH) with improved sensitivity. The sniff-cam was applied to measure the extremely low concentration distribution of breath EtOH without the consumption of alcohol, which is related to the activity of the oral or gut bacterial flora. A ring-type ultraviolet-light-emitting diode was mounted around a camera lens as an excitation light source, which enabled simultaneous excitation and imaging of the fluorescence. In the EtOH sniff-cam, a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) was used to catalyze the redox reaction between EtOH and the oxidized form of NAD (NAD+). Upon application of gaseous EtOH to the ADH-immobilized mesh that was soaked in an NAD+ solution and placed in front of the camera, NADH was produced through an ADH-mediated reaction. NADH expresses fluorescence at an emission wavelength of 490 nm and excitation wavelength of 340 nm. Thus, the concentration distribution of EtOH was visualized by measuring the distribution of the fluorescence light intensity from NADH on the ADH-immobilized mesh surface. First, a comparison of image analysis methods based on the red-green-blue color (RGB) images and the optimization of the buffer pH and NAD+ solution concentration was performed. The new sniff-cam showed a 25-fold greater sensitivity and broader dynamic range (20.6-300000 ppb) in comparison to those of the previously fabricated sniff-cam. Finally, we measured the concentration distribution of breath EtOH without alcohol consumption using the improved sniff-cam and obtained a value of 116.2 ± 35.7 ppb (n = 10).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Iitani
- Postdoctoral Research Fellow PD , Japan Society for the Promotion of Science , 5-3-1 Kojimatchi , Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0083 , Japan.,Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering , Waseda University (TWIns) , 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho , Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480 , Japan.,Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences , Tokyo Medical and Dental University , 1-5-45 Yushima , Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510 , Japan
| | - Koji Toma
- Department of Biomedical Devices and Instrumentation, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering , Tokyo Medical and Dental University , 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai , Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062 , Japan
| | - Takahiro Arakawa
- Department of Biomedical Devices and Instrumentation, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering , Tokyo Medical and Dental University , 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai , Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062 , Japan
| | - Kohji Mitsubayashi
- Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences , Tokyo Medical and Dental University , 1-5-45 Yushima , Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510 , Japan.,Department of Biomedical Devices and Instrumentation, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering , Tokyo Medical and Dental University , 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai , Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062 , Japan
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23
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Xu K, Wei W, Sun Y, Lu W, Yu T, Yang Y, Yuan C. Design of NiCo2O4 porous nanosheets/α-MoO3 nanorods heterostructures for ppb-level ethanol detection. POWDER TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2019.01.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Robert-Hazotte A, Schoumacker R, Semon E, Briand L, Guichard E, Le Quéré JL, Faure P, Heydel JM. Ex vivo real-time monitoring of volatile metabolites resulting from nasal odorant metabolism. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2492. [PMID: 30792537 PMCID: PMC6385289 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39404-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Odorant-metabolizing enzymes are critically involved in the clearance of odorant molecules from the environment of the nasal neuro-olfactory tissue to maintain the sensitivity of olfactory detection. Odorant metabolism may also generate metabolites in situ, the characterization and function of which in olfaction remain largely unknown. Here, we engineered and validated an ex vivo method to measure odorant metabolism in real-time. Glassware containing an explant of rat olfactory mucosa was continuously flushed with an odorant flow and was coupled to a proton transfer reaction-mass spectrometer for volatile compound analysis. Focusing on carboxylic esters and diketone odorants, we recorded the metabolic uptake of odorants by the mucosa, concomitantly with the release of volatile odorant metabolites in the headspace. These results significantly change the picture of real-time in situ odorant metabolism and represent a new step forward in the investigation of the function of odorant metabolites in the peripheral olfactory process. Our method allows the systematic identification of odorant metabolites using a validated animal model and permits the screening of olfactory endogenously produced chemosensory molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Robert-Hazotte
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, UMR 6265 CNRS/1324 INRA/Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 9 boulevard Jeanne d'Arc, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Rachel Schoumacker
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, UMR 6265 CNRS/1324 INRA/Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 9 boulevard Jeanne d'Arc, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Etienne Semon
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, UMR 6265 CNRS/1324 INRA/Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 9 boulevard Jeanne d'Arc, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Loïc Briand
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, UMR 6265 CNRS/1324 INRA/Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 9 boulevard Jeanne d'Arc, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Elisabeth Guichard
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, UMR 6265 CNRS/1324 INRA/Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 9 boulevard Jeanne d'Arc, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Jean-Luc Le Quéré
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, UMR 6265 CNRS/1324 INRA/Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 9 boulevard Jeanne d'Arc, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Philippe Faure
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, UMR 6265 CNRS/1324 INRA/Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 9 boulevard Jeanne d'Arc, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Jean-Marie Heydel
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, UMR 6265 CNRS/1324 INRA/Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 9 boulevard Jeanne d'Arc, F-21000, Dijon, France.
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25
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Giannoukos S, Agapiou A, Brkić B, Taylor S. Volatolomics: A broad area of experimentation. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1105:136-147. [PMID: 30584978 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Chemical analysis (detection and monitoring) of compounds associated with the metabolic activities of an organism is at the cutting edge of science. Volatile metabolomics (volatolomics) are applied in a broad range of applications including: biomedical research (e.g. disease diagnostic tools, personalized healthcare and nutrition, etc.), toxicological analysis (e.g. exposure tool to environmental pollutants, toxic and hazardous chemical environments, industrial accidents, etc.), molecular communications, forensics, safety and security (e.g. search and rescue operations). In the present review paper, an overview of recent advances and applications of volatolomics will be given. The main focus will be on volatile organic compounds (VOCs) originating from biological secretions of various organisms (e.g. microorganisms, insects, plants, humans) and resulting fusion of chemical information. Bench-top and portable or field-deployable technologies-systems will also be presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Giannoukos
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland; University of Liverpool, Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, Liverpool L69 3GJ, UK
| | - A Agapiou
- University of Cyprus, Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 20357, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus.
| | - B Brkić
- BioSense Institute, University of Novi Sad, Dr Zorana Đinđića 1, 21 101 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - S Taylor
- University of Liverpool, Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, Liverpool L69 3GJ, UK; Q Technologies Ltd, 100 Childwall Road, Liverpool L15 6UX, UK.
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26
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Himemiya-Hakucho A, Tanaka T, Liu J, Fujimiya T. Effect of Alcohol Sensitivity in Healthy Young Adults on Breath Pharmacokinetics of Acetaldehyde After Mouth Washing with Alcohol. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2018; 42:2100-2106. [DOI: 10.1111/acer.13878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Himemiya-Hakucho
- Department of Legal Medicine; Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine; Ube Japan
| | - Tsubasa Tanaka
- Department of Legal Medicine; Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine; Ube Japan
| | - Jinyao Liu
- Department of Legal Medicine; Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine; Ube Japan
| | - Tatsuya Fujimiya
- Department of Legal Medicine; Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine; Ube Japan
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27
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Güntner AT, Kompalla JF, Landis H, Theodore SJ, Geidl B, Sievi NA, Kohler M, Pratsinis SE, Gerber PA. Guiding Ketogenic Diet with Breath Acetone Sensors. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 18:E3655. [PMID: 30373291 PMCID: PMC6264102 DOI: 10.3390/s18113655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ketogenic diet (KD; high fat, low carb) is a standard treatment for obesity, neurological diseases (e.g., refractory epilepsy) and a promising method for athletes to improve their endurance performance. Therein, the level of ketosis must be regulated tightly to ensure an effective therapy. Here, we introduce a compact and inexpensive breath sensor to monitor ketosis online and non-invasively. The sensor consists of Si-doped WO₃ nanoparticles that detect breath acetone selectively with non-linear response characteristics in the relevant range of 1 to 66 ppm, as identified by mass spectrometry. When tested on eleven subjects (five women and six men) undergoing a 36-h KD based on the Johns Hopkins protocol, this sensor clearly recognizes the onset and progression of ketosis. This is in good agreement to capillary blood β-hydroxybutyrate (BOHB) measurements. Despite similar dieting conditions, strong inter-subject differences in ketosis dynamics were observed and correctly identified by the sensor. These even included breath acetone patterns that could be linked to low tolerance to that diet. As a result, this portable breath sensor represents an easily applicable and reliable technology to monitor KD, possibly during medical treatment of epilepsy and weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas T Güntner
- Particle Technology Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Julia F Kompalla
- Particle Technology Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Henning Landis
- Particle Technology Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - S Jonathan Theodore
- Particle Technology Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Bettina Geidl
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Noriane A Sievi
- Department of Pulmonology, University Hospital Zurich, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Malcolm Kohler
- Department of Pulmonology, University Hospital Zurich, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Sotiris E Pratsinis
- Particle Technology Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Philipp A Gerber
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland.
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28
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Ou P, Song P, Liu X, Song J. Superior Sensing Properties of Black Phosphorus as Gas Sensors: A Case Study on the Volatile Organic Compounds. ADVANCED THEORY AND SIMULATIONS 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adts.201800103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Ou
- Department of Mining and Materials EngineeringMcGill University Montreal QC H3A 0C5 Canada
| | - Pengfei Song
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringMcGill University Montreal QC H3A 0C3 Canada
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial EngineeringUniversity of Toronto Toronto ON M5S 3G8 Canada
| | - Xinyu Liu
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial EngineeringUniversity of Toronto Toronto ON M5S 3G8 Canada
| | - Jun Song
- Department of Mining and Materials EngineeringMcGill University Montreal QC H3A 0C5 Canada
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29
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Maiti KS, Lewton M, Fill E, Apolonski A. Sensitive spectroscopic breath analysis by water condensation. J Breath Res 2018; 12:046003. [DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/aad207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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30
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Iitani K, Chien PJ, Suzuki T, Toma K, Arakawa T, Iwasaki Y, Mitsubayashi K. Fiber-Optic Bio-sniffer (Biochemical Gas Sensor) Using Reverse Reaction of Alcohol Dehydrogenase for Exhaled Acetaldehyde. ACS Sens 2018; 3:425-431. [PMID: 29380601 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.7b00865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) exhaled in breath have huge potential as indicators of diseases and metabolisms. Application of breath analysis for disease screening and metabolism assessment is expected since breath samples can be noninvasively collected and measured. In this research, a highly sensitive and selective biochemical gas sensor (bio-sniffer) for gaseous acetaldehyde (AcH) was developed. In the AcH bio-sniffer, a reverse reaction of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) was employed for reducing AcH to ethanol and simultaneously consuming a coenzyme, reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH). The concentration of AcH can be quantified by fluorescence detection of NADH that was consumed by reverse reaction of ADH. The AcH bio-sniffer was composed of an ultraviolet light-emitting diode (UV-LED) as an excitation light source, a photomultiplier tube (PMT) as a fluorescence detector, and an optical fiber probe, and these three components were connected with a bifurcated optical fiber. A gas-sensing region of the fiber probe was developed with a flow-cell and an ADH-immobilized membrane. In the experiment, after optimization of the enzyme reaction conditions, the selectivity and dynamic range of the AcH bio-sniffer were investigated. The AcH bio-sniffer showed a short measurement time (within 2 min) and a broad dynamic range for determination of gaseous AcH, 0.02-10 ppm, which encompassed a typical AcH concentration in exhaled breath (1.2-6.0 ppm). Also, the AcH bio-sniffer exhibited a high selectivity to gaseous AcH based on the specificity of ADH. The sensor outputs were observed only from AcH-contained standard gaseous samples. Finally, the AcH bio-sniffer was applied to measure the concentration of AcH in exhaled breath from healthy subjects after ingestion of alcohol. As a result, a significant difference of AcH concentration between subjects with different aldehyde dehydrogenase type 2 (ALDH2) phenotypes was observed. The AcH bio-sniffer can be used for breath measurement, and further, an application of breath analysis-based disease screening or metabolism assessment can be expected due to the versatility of its detection principle, which allows it to measure other VOCs by using NADH-dependent dehydrogenases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Iitani
- Graduate
School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Po-Jen Chien
- Graduate
School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Takuma Suzuki
- Graduate
School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Koji Toma
- Department
of Biomedical Devices and Instrumentation, Institute of Biomaterials
and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University,2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Takahiro Arakawa
- Department
of Biomedical Devices and Instrumentation, Institute of Biomaterials
and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University,2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Iwasaki
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, 3-3-35
Yamate-Cho, Suita-Shi, Osaka 564-0836, Japan
| | - Kohji Mitsubayashi
- Graduate
School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
- Department
of Biomedical Devices and Instrumentation, Institute of Biomaterials
and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University,2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
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31
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Johnson JM, Naeher LP, Yu X, Rathbun SL, Muilenburg JL, Wang JS. Air monitoring at large public electronic cigarette events. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2018; 221:541-547. [PMID: 29477829 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) conventions bring hundreds to thousands of e-cigarette users together socially regularly across the world. E-cigarette secondhand exposures to chemicals in this environment, likely the public setting with the highest concentration of e-cigarette secondhand aerosol, have not been characterized. METHODS Air sampling for formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acrolein, nicotine, and propylene glycol was conducted at three e-cigarette conventions and one smaller event from April 2016 to March 2017 in three states in the Southeastern United States. Volunteers attended the events as members of the public and wore backpacks containing air sampling pumps. Control sampling was conducted when venues were crowded for non-e-cigarette events. Additional control sampling was conducted in two venues when they were empty. RESULTS Formaldehyde and acetaldehyde concentrations during e-cigarette events were comparable to background concentrations. The median formaldehyde concentrations during events, crowded control events, and empty control events were 12.0, 10.5, and 12.5 μg/m3, respectively. The median acetaldehyde concentrations during events, crowded control events, and empty control events were 9.7, 15.5, and 3.5 μg/m3, respectively. Propylene glycol and nicotine were not detected during control sampling. The median nicotine concentration during events was 1.1 μg/m3. The median propylene glycol concentration during events was 305.5 μg/m3. CONCLUSION Results indicate e-cigarette secondhand exposures are sources of elevated nicotine and propylene glycol exposures. Secondhand exposures to e-cigarettes did not contain consistently elevated concentrations of formaldehyde or acetaldehyde. Additional research is needed to characterize exposures via inhalation to propylene glycol at concentrations measured in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jona M Johnson
- Department of Environmental Health Science, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, 206 Environmental Health Science Building, Athens, GA, 30602, United States.
| | - Luke P Naeher
- Department of Environmental Health Science, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, 206 Environmental Health Science Building, Athens, GA, 30602, United States.
| | - Xiaozhong Yu
- Department of Environmental Health Science, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, 206 Environmental Health Science Building, Athens, GA, 30602, United States.
| | - Stephen L Rathbun
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, 206 Miller Hall, Health Sciences Campus, Athens, GA, 30602, United States.
| | - Jessica L Muilenburg
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavior, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, 233 Wright Hall, Health Sciences Campus, Athens, GA, 30602, United States.
| | - Jia-Sheng Wang
- Department of Environmental Health Science, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, 206 Environmental Health Science Building, Athens, GA, 30602, United States.
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32
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Giannoukos S, Agapiou A, Taylor S. Advances in chemical sensing technologies for VOCs in breath for security/threat assessment, illicit drug detection, and human trafficking activity. J Breath Res 2018; 12:027106. [DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/aa95dd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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33
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Stönner C, Edtbauer A, Williams J. Real-world volatile organic compound emission rates from seated adults and children for use in indoor air studies. INDOOR AIR 2018; 28:164-172. [PMID: 28683154 DOI: 10.1111/ina.12405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Human beings emit many volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of both endogenous (internally produced) and exogenous (external source) origin. Here we present real-world emission rates of volatile organic compounds from cinema audiences (50-230 people) as a function of time in multiple screenings of three films. The cinema location and film selection allowed high-frequency measurement of human-emitted VOCs within a room flushed at a known rate so that emissions rates could be calculated for both adults and children. Gas-phase emission rates are analyzed as a function of time of day, variability during the film, and age of viewer. The average emission rates of CO2 , acetone, and isoprene were lower (by a factor of ~1.2-1.4) for children under twelve compared to adults while for acetaldehyde emission rates were equivalent. Molecules influenced by exogenous sources such as decamethylcyclopentasiloxanes and methanol tended to decrease over the course of day and then rise for late evening screenings. These results represent average emission rates of people under real-world conditions and can be used in indoor air quality assessments and building design. Averaging over a large number of people generates emission rates that are less susceptible to individual behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Stönner
- Max Planck-Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | - A Edtbauer
- Max Planck-Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | - J Williams
- Max Planck-Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
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34
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Demirjian S, Paschke KM, Wang X, Grove D, Heyka RJ, Dweik RA. Molecular breath analysis identifies the breathprint of renal failure. J Breath Res 2017; 11:026009. [DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/aa7143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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35
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Zhang R, Huang W, Li G, Hu Y. Noninvasive Strategy Based on Real-Time in Vivo Cataluminescence Monitoring for Clinical Breath Analysis. Anal Chem 2017; 89:3353-3361. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b03898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Runkun Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Wanting Huang
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Gongke Li
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yufei Hu
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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36
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Cho SY, Koh HJ, Yoo HW, Kim JS, Jung HT. Tunable Volatile-Organic-Compound Sensor by Using Au Nanoparticle Incorporation on MoS 2. ACS Sens 2017; 2:183-189. [PMID: 28722426 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.6b00801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Controlling the charge concentrations of two-dimensional (2D) materials is a critical requirement for realizing versatility and potential application of these materials in high-performance electronics and sensors. In order to exploit the novel chemical-sensing characteristics of 2D materials for sensitive and selective sensors, various functionalization methods are needed to ensure efficient doping of channels based on 2D materials. In the present study, the gas-sensing performance of MoS2 has been significantly enhanced by controlled Au nanoparticle functionalization. By using the difference in reduction potential between the Au precursor and MoS2 work functions, MoS2 prepared by chemical exfoliation process was decorated with nanoparticles with sizes of tens of nanometers. The n-doping effect of Au nanoparticles was observed, that is, these particles were found to have facilitated in electron charge transfer from Au to MoS2. The controlled n-doping effect enables the tuning of the sensing of hydrocarbon-based volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and oxygen-functionalized compounds by MoS2. A significant step has therefore been made with this study toward solving the limitations imposed by previous MoS2-based sensors, which mostly produce a single response to various VOC analytes. This controllable chemical doping process for tuning the VOC-sensing performance of MoS2 can eventually be used in early detection using multichannel sensing systems that have different responses and recognize patterns for target analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Yeon Cho
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK-21 Plus) and ‡KAIST Institute
for Nanocentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong-Jun Koh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK-21 Plus) and ‡KAIST Institute
for Nanocentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Wook Yoo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK-21 Plus) and ‡KAIST Institute
for Nanocentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Seon Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK-21 Plus) and ‡KAIST Institute
for Nanocentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Tae Jung
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK-21 Plus) and ‡KAIST Institute
for Nanocentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
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37
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Dolai S, Bhunia SK, Beglaryan SS, Kolusheva S, Zeiri L, Jelinek R. Colorimetric Polydiacetylene-Aerogel Detector for Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs). ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:2891-2898. [PMID: 28029773 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b14469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A new hybrid system comprising polydiacetylene (PDA), a chromatic conjugated polymer, embedded within aerogel pores has been constructed. The PDA-aerogel powder underwent dramatic color changes in the presence of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), facilitated through infiltration of the gas molecules into the highly porous aerogel matrix and their interactions with the aerogel-embedded PDA units. The PDA-aerogel composite exhibited rapid color/fluorescence response and enhanced signals upon exposure to low VOC concentrations. Encapsulation of PDA derivatives displaying different headgroups within the aerogel produced distinct VOC-dependent color transformations, forming a PDA-aerogel "artificial nose".
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Affiliation(s)
- Susmita Dolai
- Department of Chemistry, Ben Gurion University of the Negev , Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Susanta Kumar Bhunia
- Department of Chemistry, Ben Gurion University of the Negev , Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Stella S Beglaryan
- Chemistry Department "G. Ciamician", Green Chemistry Lab, University of Bologna , Via S. Alberto 163, 48100 Ravenna, Italy
| | - Sofiya Kolusheva
- Ilse Katz Institute for Nanotechnology, Ben Gurion University of the Negev , Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Leila Zeiri
- Ilse Katz Institute for Nanotechnology, Ben Gurion University of the Negev , Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Raz Jelinek
- Department of Chemistry, Ben Gurion University of the Negev , Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
- Ilse Katz Institute for Nanotechnology, Ben Gurion University of the Negev , Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
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38
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Bos LDJ, Meinardi S, Blake D, Whiteson K. Bacteria in the airways of patients with cystic fibrosis are genetically capable of producing VOCs in breath. J Breath Res 2016; 10:047103. [DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/10/4/047103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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39
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Status of selected ion flow tube MS: accomplishments and challenges in breath analysis and other areas. Bioanalysis 2016; 8:1183-201. [PMID: 27212131 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2016-0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This article reflects our observations of recent accomplishments made using selected ion flow tube MS (SIFT-MS). Only brief descriptions are given of SIFT-MS as an analytical method and of the recent extensions to the underpinning analytical ion chemistry required to realize more robust analyses. The challenge of breath analysis is given special attention because, when achieved, it renders analysis of other air media relatively straightforward. Brief overviews are given of recent SIFT-MS breath analyses by leading research groups, noting the desirability of detection and quantification of single volatile biomarkers rather than reliance on statistical analyses, if breath analysis is to be accepted into clinical practice. A 'strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats' analysis of SIFT-MS is made, which should help to increase its utility for trace gas analysis.
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40
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Influence of Ethanol on Breath Acetone Measurements Using an External Cavity Quantum Cascade Laser. PHOTONICS 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/photonics3020022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Techniques and issues in breath and clinical sample headspace analysis for disease diagnosis. Bioanalysis 2016; 8:677-90. [PMID: 26978667 DOI: 10.4155/bio.16.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from breath or clinical samples for disease diagnosis is an attractive proposition because it is noninvasive and rapid. There are numerous studies showing its potential, yet there are barriers to its development. Sampling and sample handling is difficult, and when coupled with a variety of analytical instrumentation, the same samples can give different results. Background air and the environment a person has been exposed to can greatly affect the VOCs emitted by the body; however, this is not an easy problem to solve. This review investigates the use of VOCs in disease diagnosis, the analytical techniques employed and the problems associated with sample handling and standardization. It then suggests the barriers to future development.
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de Medeiros IC, de Lima JG. Is nonalcoholic fatty liver disease an endogenous alcoholic fatty liver disease? – A mechanistic hypothesis. Med Hypotheses 2015; 85:148-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2015.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Revised: 04/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Mochalski P, Unterkofler K, Teschl G, Amann A. Potential of volatile organic compounds as markers of entrapped humans for use in urban search-and-rescue operations. Trends Analyt Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2015.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Smith D, Spanel P. Pitfalls in the analysis of volatile breath biomarkers: suggested solutions and SIFT-MS quantification of single metabolites. J Breath Res 2015; 9:022001. [PMID: 25830501 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7155/9/2/022001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The experimental challenges presented by the analysis of trace volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath with the objective of identifying reliable biomarkers are brought into focus. It is stressed that positive identification and accurate quantification of the VOCs are imperative if they are to be considered as discreet biomarkers. Breath sampling procedures are discussed and it is suggested that for accurate quantification on-line real time sampling and analysis is desirable. Whilst recognizing such real time analysis is not always possible and sample collection is often required, objective recognition of the pitfalls involved in this is essential. It is also emphasized that mouth-exhaled breath is always contaminated to some degree by orally generated compounds and so, when possible, analysis of nose-exhaled breath should be performed. Some difficulties in breath analysis are mitigated by the choice of analytical instrumentation used, but no single instrument can provide solutions to all the analytical challenges. Analysis and interpretation of breath analysis data, however acquired, needs to be treated circumspectly. In particular, the excessive use of statistics to treat imperfect mass spectrometry/mobility spectra should be avoided, since it can result in unjustifiable conclusions. It is should be understood that recognition of combinations of VOCs in breath that, for example, apparently describe particular cancer states, will not be taken seriously until they are replicated in other laboratories and clinics. Finally, the inhibiting notion that single biomarkers of infection and disease will not be identified and utilized clinically should be dispelled by the exemplary and widely used single biomarkers NO and H2 and now, as indicated by recent selected ion flow tube mass spectroscopy (SIFT-MS) results, triatomic hydrogen cyanide and perhaps pentane and acetic acid. Hopefully, these discoveries will provide encouragement to research workers to be more open-minded on this important and desirable issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Smith
- Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, School of Medicine, Keele University, Thornburrow Drive, Hartshill, Stoke-on-Trent ST4 7QB, UK
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Advances in electronic-nose technologies for the detection of volatile biomarker metabolites in the human breath. Metabolites 2015; 5:140-63. [PMID: 25738426 PMCID: PMC4381294 DOI: 10.3390/metabo5010140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Revised: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advancements in the use of electronic-nose (e-nose) devices to analyze human breath profiles for the presence of specific volatile metabolites, known as biomarkers or chemical bio-indicators of specific human diseases, metabolic disorders and the overall health status of individuals, are providing the potential for new noninvasive tools and techniques useful to point-of-care clinical disease diagnoses. This exciting new area of electronic disease detection and diagnosis promises to yield much faster and earlier detection of human diseases and disorders, allowing earlier, more effective treatments, resulting in more rapid patient recovery from various afflictions. E-nose devices are particularly suited for the field of disease diagnostics, because they are sensitive to a wide range of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and can effectively distinguish between different complex gaseous mixtures via analysis of electronic aroma sensor-array output profiles of volatile metabolites present in the human breath. This review provides a summary of some recent developments of electronic-nose technologies, particularly involving breath analysis, with the potential for providing many new diagnostic applications for the detection of specific human diseases associated with different organs in the body, detectable from e-nose analyses of aberrant disease-associated VOCs present in air expired from the lungs.
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Giannoukos S, Brkić B, Taylor S, France N. Membrane inlet mass spectrometry for homeland security and forensic applications. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2015; 26:231-239. [PMID: 25398262 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-014-1032-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Revised: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A man-portable membrane inlet mass spectrometer has been built and tested to detect and monitor characteristic odors emitted from the human body and also from threat substances. In each case, a heated membrane sampling probe was used. During human scent monitoring experiments, data were obtained for inorganic gases and volatile organic compounds emitted from human breath and sweat in a confined space. Volatile emissions were detected from the human body at low ppb concentrations. Experiments with compounds associated with narcotics, explosives, and chemical warfare agents were conducted for a range of membrane types. Test compounds included methyl benzoate (odor signature of cocaine), piperidine (precursor in clandestine phencyclidine manufacturing processes), 2-nitrotoluene (breakdown product of TNT), cyclohexanone (volatile signature of plastic explosives), dimethyl methylphosphonate (used in sarin and soman nerve agent production), and 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (simulant compound for sulfur mustard gas). Gas phase calibration experiments were performed allowing sub-ppb LOD to be established. The results showed excellent linearity versus concentration and rapid membrane response times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stamatios Giannoukos
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GJ, UK
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Kleeblatt J, Schubert JK, Zimmermann R. Detection of Gaseous Compounds by Needle Trap Sampling and Direct Thermal-Desorption Photoionization Mass Spectrometry: Concept and Demonstrative Application to Breath Gas Analysis. Anal Chem 2015; 87:1773-81. [DOI: 10.1021/ac5039829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Kleeblatt
- Joint
Mass Spectrometry Center, Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Institute
of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Dr.-Lorenz-Weg 1, 18059 Rostock, Germany
- Joint
Mass Spectrometry Center, Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jochen K. Schubert
- Department
of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, University of Rostock, Schillingallee
35, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Ralf Zimmermann
- Joint
Mass Spectrometry Center, Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Institute
of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Dr.-Lorenz-Weg 1, 18059 Rostock, Germany
- Joint
Mass Spectrometry Center, Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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Smith D, Španěl P. SIFT-MS and FA-MS methods for ambient gas phase analysis: developments and applications in the UK. Analyst 2015; 140:2573-91. [DOI: 10.1039/c4an02049a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The origins of SIFT created to study interstellar chemistry and SIFT-MS developed for ambient gas and exhaled breath analysis and the UK centres in which these techniques are being exploited.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Smith
- Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine – Keele University
- Guy Hilton Research Centre
- Stoke-on-Trent
- UK
| | - Patrik Španěl
- Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine – Keele University
- Guy Hilton Research Centre
- Stoke-on-Trent
- UK
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry
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Kim JS, Yoo HW, Choi HO, Jung HT. Tunable volatile organic compounds sensor by using thiolated ligand conjugation on MoS2. NANO LETTERS 2014; 14:5941-7. [PMID: 25191976 DOI: 10.1021/nl502906a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
One of the most important issues in the development of gas sensors for breath analysis is the fabrication of gas sensor arrays that possess different responses for recognizing patterns for volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Here, we develop a high-performance chemiresistor with a tunable sensor response and high sensitivity for representative VOC groups by using molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) and by conjugating a thiolated ligand (mercaptoundecanoic acid (MUA)) to MoS2 surface. Primitive and MUA-conjugated MoS2 sensing channels exhibit distinctly different sensor responses toward VOCs. In particular, the primitive MoS2 sensor presents positive responses for oxygen-functionalized VOCs, while the MUA-conjugated MoS2 sensor presents negative responses for the same analytes. Such characteristic sensor responses demonstrate that ligand conjugation successfully adds functionality to a MoS2 matrix. Thus, this will be a promising approach to constructing a versatile sensor array, by conjugating a wide variety of thiolated ligands on the MoS2 surface. Furthermore, these MoS2 sensors in this study exhibit high sensitivity to representative VOCs down to a concentration of 1 ppm. This approach to fabricating a tunable and sensitive VOC sensor may lead to a valuable real-world application for lung cancer diagnosis by breath analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Seon Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK-21 plus), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, , Daejeon 305-701, Korea
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Beauchamp J, Risby TH. A recognition of David Smith's unique contributions to the field of breath analysis. J Breath Res 2014; 8:030201. [PMID: 25189283 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7155/8/3/030201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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