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Lu Q, Shen Z, Zheng K, Chang Q, Xue J, Wu X. Estimating the bioavailability of acetochlor to wheat using in situ pore water and passive sampling. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 833:155239. [PMID: 35421494 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The intensive use of acetochlor in China leads to its extensive existence in soil which may result in contamination of crops and commodities. Therefore, it is vital to assess the bioavailability and phytotoxicity of acetochlor to crops. In this study, four measurements involved in in situ pore water extraction (CIPW), passive sampling extraction (Cfree), ex situ pore water extraction (CEPW), and organic solvent extraction (Csoil) were conducted to assess the bioavailability and phytotoxicity of acetochlor to wheat plant plants in five soils. The results showed that the acetochlor concentrations accumulated in wheat foliage and roots were in the range of 0.11-0.87 mg/kg and 0.09-2.02 mg/kg in the five tested soils, respectively, and had a significant correlation with the acetochlor values analyzed by CIPW (R2 = 0.83-0.90, p < 0.0001) or the Cfree method (R2 = 0.86-0.92, p < 0.0001). The acetochlor concentrations in the five soils measured by these two methods were also correlated with the IC50 values of acetochlor in wheat foliage and roots (R2 > 0.69, p ≤ 0.05). The results indicated that the CIPW and Cfree methods were effective in evaluating acetochlor toxicity to wheat and the acetochlor concentrations in wheat. The effects of soil physical and chemical properties including pH, organic matter content (OMC), clay content, and cation exchange capacity (CEC) on the acetochlor toxicity to wheat were analyzed, and soil OMC was found to be the dominant factor affecting the toxicity of acetochlor in the soil-wheat system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxiang Lu
- College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Zhen Shen
- College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Kaiyuan Zheng
- College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Qing Chang
- College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Jiaying Xue
- College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xiangwei Wu
- College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, Hefei 230036, China.
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Bhat AP, Gogate PR. Degradation of nitrogen-containing hazardous compounds using advanced oxidation processes: A review on aliphatic and aromatic amines, dyes, and pesticides. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 403:123657. [PMID: 33264866 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen-containing amino and azo compounds are widely used in textile, agricultural and chemical industries. Most of these compounds have been demonstrated to be resistant to conventional degradation processes. Advanced oxidation processes can be effective to mineralize nitrogen-containing compounds and improve the efficacy of overall treatment schemes. Due to a global concern for the occurrence of toxic and hazardous amino-compounds and their harmful degradation products in water, it is important to develop technologies that focus on all the aspects of their degradation. Our focus is to present a state-of-the-art review on the degradation of several amine- and azo-based compounds using advanced oxidation processes. The categories reviewed are aromatic amines, aliphatic amines, N-containing dyes and N-containing pesticides. Data has been compiled for degradation efficiencies of each process, reaction mechanisms focusing on specific attack of oxidants on N atoms, the effect of process parameters like pH, initial concentration, time of treatment, etc. and identification of intermediates. Several AOPs have been compared to provide a systematic overview of available literature that will drive essential aspects of future research on amine-based compounds. Ozone is observed to be highly reactive to most amines, dyes and pesticides, followed by Fenton processes. Degradation of amines is highly sensitive to pH and mechanisms differ at different pH values. Cavitation is a promising alternative pre-treatment method for cost reduction. Hybrid methods under optimized conditions are demonstrated to give synergistic effects and must be tailored for specific effluents in question. In conclusion, even though nitrogen-containing compounds are recalcitrant in nature, the use of advanced oxidation processes at carefully established optimum conditions can yield highly efficient degradation of the compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akash P Bhat
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai, 400019, India
| | - Parag R Gogate
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai, 400019, India.
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3
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Salta Z, Kosmas AM, Ventura ON. Kinetics and thermodynamics of the hydroxylation products in the photodegradation of the herbicide Metolachlor. PURE APPL CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2018-1205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Electronic structure calculations have been performed to determine the thermochemistry and kinetics of the reaction between OH and the radicals of the S enantiomer of the herbicide Metolachlor, 2-chloro-N-(2-methyl-6-ethylphenyl)-N(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl) acetamide (MC), produced by photoinduced breaking of the C–Cl bond. Both density functional and ab initio composite methods were employed to calculate the structure of reactants, intermediates, transition states and products, in gas phase and in aqueous solution. The expected relative abundance of each product was calculated and compared to the experimentally observed concentrations. It is shown that a combination of thermodynamic and kinetic characteristics interplay to produce the expected theoretical abundances, which turn out to be in agreement with the experimentally observed distribution of products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoi Salta
- SMART Lab, Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa , Piazza dei Cavalieri, 7, 56126 Pisa , Italy
| | - Agnie M. Kosmas
- Physical Chemistry Sector, Department of Chemistry , University of Ioannina , Ioannina 45110 , Greece
| | - Oscar N. Ventura
- Computational Chemistry and Biology Group, CCBG, DETEMA, Facultad de Química, Udelar , Montevideo , Uruguay
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Marzullo BP, Morgan TE, Wootton CA, Li M, Perry SJ, Saeed M, Barrow MP, O'Connor PB. Comparison of Fragmentation Techniques for the Structural Characterization of Singly Charged Agrochemicals. Anal Chem 2020; 92:3143-3151. [PMID: 31909982 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b04820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Investigating the structure of active ingredients, such as agrochemicals and their associated metabolites, is a crucial requisite in the discovery and development of these molecules. In this study, structural characterization by electron-induced dissociation (EID) was compared to collisionally activated dissociation (CAD) on a series of agrochemicals. EID fragmentation produced a greater variety of fragment ions and complementary ion pairs leading to more complete functional group characterization compared to CAD. The results obtained displayed many more cross-ring fragmentation of the pyrimidine ring compared to the pyridine ring. Compounds that consisted of one aromatic heterocyclic moiety (azoxystrobin, fluazifop acid, fluazifop-p-butyl, and pirimiphos-methyl) displayed cross-ring fragmentation while compounds with only aromatic hydrocarbon rings (fenpropidin and S-metolachlor) displayed no cross-ring fragmentation. The advantages of high-resolution accurate mass spectrometry (HRAM MS) are shown with the majority of assignments at ppb range error values and the ability to differentiate ions with the same nominal mass but different elemental composition. This highlights the potential for HRAM MS and EID to be used as a tool for structural characterization of small molecules with a wide variety of functional groups and structural motifs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan P Marzullo
- Department of Chemistry , University of Warwick , Coventry CV4 7AL , United Kingdom
| | - Tomos E Morgan
- Department of Chemistry , University of Warwick , Coventry CV4 7AL , United Kingdom
| | | | - Meng Li
- Department of Chemistry , University of Warwick , Coventry CV4 7AL , United Kingdom
| | - Simon J Perry
- Syngenta, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre , Product Metabolism & Analytical Sciences , RG42 6EY Berkshire , United Kingdom
| | - Mansoor Saeed
- Syngenta, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre , Product Metabolism & Analytical Sciences , RG42 6EY Berkshire , United Kingdom
| | - Mark P Barrow
- Department of Chemistry , University of Warwick , Coventry CV4 7AL , United Kingdom
| | - Peter B O'Connor
- Department of Chemistry , University of Warwick , Coventry CV4 7AL , United Kingdom
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5
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Salta Z, Kosmas AM, Ventura ON. Computational characterization of the herbicide metolachlor and its mono-hydroxylated photodegradation products. Theor Chem Acc 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-018-2353-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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6
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Ye F, Cao HF, Chen XS, Zhang M, Fu Y, Li CY, Gao S. Effects of Chiral 3-Dichloroacetyl Oxazolidine on Glutathione S-Transferase and Antioxidant Enzymes Activity in Maize Treated with Acetochlor. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.15832/ankutbd.456671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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7
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Vanraes P, Wardenier N, Surmont P, Lynen F, Nikiforov A, Van Hulle SWH, Leys C, Bogaerts A. Removal of alachlor, diuron and isoproturon in water in a falling film dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reactor combined with adsorption on activated carbon textile: Reaction mechanisms and oxidation by-products. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2018; 354:180-190. [PMID: 29751174 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A falling film dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma reactor combined with adsorption on activated carbon textile material was optimized to minimize the formation of hazardous oxidation by-products from the treatment of persistent pesticides (alachlor, diuron and isoproturon) in water. The formation of by-products and the reaction mechanism was investigated by HPLC-TOF-MS. The maximum concentration of each by-product was at least two orders of magnitude below the initial pesticide concentration, during the first 10 min of treatment. After 30 min of treatment, the individual by-product concentrations had decreased to values of at least three orders of magnitude below the initial pesticide concentration. The proposed oxidation pathways revealed five main oxidation steps: dechlorination, dealkylation, hydroxylation, addition of a double-bonded oxygen and nitrification. The latter is one of the main oxidation mechanisms of diuron and isoproturon for air plasma treatment. To our knowledge, this is the first time that the formation of nitrificated intermediates is reported for the plasma treatment of non-phenolic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Vanraes
- PLASMANT, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Campus Drie Eiken, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium; RUPT, Department of Applied Physics, Ghent University, Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 41 B4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Niels Wardenier
- RUPT, Department of Applied Physics, Ghent University, Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 41 B4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; LIWET, Department of Industrial Biological Sciences, Ghent University, Campus Kortrijk, Graaf Karel de Goedelaan 5, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium.
| | - Pieter Surmont
- Separation Science Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, 9000 Gent, Belgium.
| | - Frederic Lynen
- Separation Science Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, 9000 Gent, Belgium.
| | - Anton Nikiforov
- RUPT, Department of Applied Physics, Ghent University, Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 41 B4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Stijn W H Van Hulle
- LIWET, Department of Industrial Biological Sciences, Ghent University, Campus Kortrijk, Graaf Karel de Goedelaan 5, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium.
| | - Christophe Leys
- RUPT, Department of Applied Physics, Ghent University, Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 41 B4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Annemie Bogaerts
- PLASMANT, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Campus Drie Eiken, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium.
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Li L, Wang M, Chen S, Zhao W, Zhao Y, Wang X, Zhang Y. A urinary metabonomics analysis of long-term effect of acetochlor exposure on rats by ultra-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 128:82-88. [PMID: 26969444 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2015.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The study was to assess the long-term toxic effects of acetochlor on rats. Two different doses (42.96 and 107.4 mg/kg body weight/day) of acetochlor were administered to Wistar rats through their food for over 24 weeks. Rat urine samples were collected at two time-points for the measurements of the metabonomics profiles with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MSMS). The results of clinical chemistry and histopathology suggested that long-term use of acetochlor in rats caused liver and kidney damage, and dysfunction of antioxidant system. The urinary metabonomics analysis indicated that the high and low-dose exposure of acetochlor could cause alterations of these metabonomics in urine in the rat. Significant changes of the levels of hippuric acid (0.403-fold decrease), citric acid (0.430-fold decrease), pantothenic acid (0.486-fold decrease), uracil (0.419-fold decrease), β-Alanine (0.325-fold decrease), nonanedioic acid (0.445-fold decrease), L-tyrosine (0.410-fold decrease), D-glucuronic acid (8.389-fold increase) and 2-ethyl-6-methyl-N-methyl-2-chloro-acetanilide in urine were observed. In addition, it may interfere with the fatty acid synthesis, the pyrimidine degradation and pantothenate biosynthesis. The level of 2-ethyl-6-methyl-N-methyl-2-chloro-acetanilide is detected in all treated groups which is not found in the control groups, indicating which can be used as an early, sensitive marker of acetochlor exposure in rat. This study illustrates the important utility of metabonomics approaches to understand the toxicity of long-term exposure of acetochlor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longxue Li
- Department of Toxicology, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, NanGang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Maoqing Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, NanGang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Shuhong Chen
- Heilongjiang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 40 Youfang Street, XiangFang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Toxicology, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, NanGang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Department of Toxicology, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, NanGang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Toxicology, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, NanGang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, NanGang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China.
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Souissi Y, Bourcier S, Ait-Aissa S, Maillot-Maréchal E, Bouchonnet S, Genty C, Sablier M. Using mass spectrometry to highlight structures of degradation compounds obtained by photolysis of chloroacetamides: Case of acetochlor. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1310:98-112. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.07.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Revised: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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10
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Souissi Y, Bouchonnet S, Bourcier S, Kusk KO, Sablier M, Andersen HR. Identification and ecotoxicity of degradation products of chloroacetamide herbicides from UV-treatment of water. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2013; 458-460:527-34. [PMID: 23707723 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.04.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2012] [Revised: 04/21/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The widespread occurrence of chlorinated herbicides and their degradation products in the aquatic environment raises health and environmental concerns. As a consequence pesticides, and to a lesser degree their degradation products, are monitored by authorities both in surface waters and drinking waters. In this study the formation of degradation products from ultraviolet (UV) treatment of the three chloroacetamide herbicides acetochlor, alachlor and metolachlor and their biological effects were investigated. UV treatment is mainly used for disinfection in water and wastewater treatments. First, the chemical structures of the main UV-degradation products were identified using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The main transformation reactions were dechlorination, mono- and multi-hydroxylation and cyclizations. The ecotoxicity of the mixed photoproducts formed by UV-treatment until 90% of the original pesticide was converted was compared to the toxicity of chloroacetamides using the green alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, the crustacean Daphnia magna and the marine bacteria Vibrio fischeri as test organisms. UV-treatment of alachlor and metolachlor increased the toxicity compared to the parent compounds while an equal toxicity was found for photolysis products of acetochlor. This suggests that toxic photodegradation products are generated from chloroacetamides under UV-treatment. An important perspective of this finding is that the photolysis products are at least as toxic as the parent compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmine Souissi
- Ecole Polytechnique, Laboratoire des Mécanismes Réactionnels, CNRS, route de Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau cedex, France
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Coffinet S, Rifai A, Genty C, Souissi Y, Bourcier S, Sablier M, Bouchonnet S. Characterization of the photodegradation products of metolachlor: structural elucidation, potential toxicity and persistence. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2012; 47:1582-1593. [PMID: 23280747 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2012] [Revised: 10/05/2012] [Accepted: 10/05/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Aqueous solutions of metolachlor and metolachlor-d(6) were photolyzed with UV-visible radiations. The structures of 15 by-products of metolachlor were determined through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses using electron and chemical ionization combined with multistage mass spectrometry. The photolysis by-products of metolachlor resulted mainly from dehalogenation and hydroxylation, in some cases accompanied by cyclization. In silico tests for toxicity prediction showed that the toxicity of some photolysis products is expected to be greater than that of metolachlor. Persistence studies showed that the by-product relative abundances vary in large amounts with the irradiation time. The post-photolysis evolution of the solution was also studied, in order to determine the persistence of the main by-products. It allowed to establish that most of the by-products can be found more than 12 h after the end of the photolysis, which is of a great concern as treated water is generally available for consumption only a few hours after treatment in most of industrial processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Coffinet
- Laboratoire des Mécanismes Réactionnels, Ecole Polytechnique, route de Saclay - 91128, Palaiseau, France
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12
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Bouchonnet S, Bourcier S, Souissi Y, Genty C, Sablier M, Roche P, Boireau V, Ingrand V. GC-MS(n) and LC-MS/MS couplings for the identification of degradation products resulting from the ozonation treatment of Acetochlor. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2012; 47:439-452. [PMID: 22689619 DOI: 10.1002/jms.2056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The degradation of the chloracetamide herbicide acetochlor has been studied under simulated ozonation treatment plant conditions. The degradation of acetochlor included the formation of several degradation products that were identified using GC/ion-trap mass spectrometry with EI and CI and HPLC/electrospray-QqTOF mass spectrometry. Thirteen ozonation products of acetochlor have been identified. Ozonation of the deuterated herbicide combined to MS(n) and high-resolution mass measurement allowed effective characterization of the degradation products. At the exception of one of them, the product B (2-chloro-2', ethyl-6', methyl-acetanilide), none of the identified degradation products has been already reported in the literature. Post-ozonation kinetics studies revealed that the concentrations of most degradation products evolved noticeably with time, particularly during the first hours following the ozonation treatment. This raises concerns about the fate of degradation products in the effluents of treatment plants and suggests the need for a better control on these products if their toxicity was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Bouchonnet
- Laboratoire des Mécanismes Réactionnels Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, 91128, Palaiseau Cedex, France
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13
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Dal Bosco TC, Sampaio SC, Coelho SRM, Cosmann NJ, Smanhotto A. Effects of the organic matter from swine wastewater on the adsorption and desorption of alachlor in soil. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2012; 47:485-494. [PMID: 22494371 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2012.665338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The application of swine wastewater to the soil for agricultural purposes results in the addition of total and dissolved organic matter to the soil, which may interfere with the dynamics of pesticides in the soil. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the application of total and dissolved organic matter from a biodigester and a treatment lagoon of swine wastewater in the adsorption and desorption of alachlor [2-chloro-2,6-diethyl-N(methoxymethyl acetamide)]. The assay was performed by the batch equilibrium method, and the results were fitted to the Freundlich model. The curve comparison test revealed a greater adsorption of alachlor in the soil treated with swine wastewater from the biodigester. The adsorption and desorption of alachlor increased in the soils where swine wastewater was added, and hysteresis was observed in all of the treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiane C Dal Bosco
- Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (UNIOESTE), Cascavel, Paraná, Brazil.
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Goulden PH, Coffinet S, Genty C, Bourcier S, Sablier M, Bouchonnet S. Investigation of the Unusual Behavior of Metolachlor under Chemical Ionization in a Hybrid 3D Ion Trap Mass Spectrometer. Anal Chem 2011; 83:7587-90. [DOI: 10.1021/ac201563w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Henri Goulden
- Laboratoire des Mécanismes Réactionnels, Ecole Polytechnique, Route de Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France
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