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Servillo A, Berni A, Marchese A, Bodaghi B, Khairallah M, Read RW, Miserocchi E. Posterior Herpetic Uveitis: A Comprehensive Review. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2023; 31:1461-1472. [PMID: 37364039 DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2023.2221338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To report and illustrate the main clinical presentations of posterior herpetic uveitis. METHODS Narrative review. RESULTS The ocular manifestations of posterior herpetic uveitis include different clinical presentations. Herpes simplex and varicella zoster can cause acute retinal necrosis, progressive outer retinal necrosis, and non-necrotizing herpetic retinopathies. Cytomegalovirus has been associated with fulminant retinitis with confluent areas of retinal necrosis and retinal hemorrhages, indolent/granular retinitis, and frosted branch angiitis. These diverse clinical presentations are often associated with specific risk factors and different immunological profiles of the host. CONCLUSIONS Herpetic viruses can cause posterior uveitis, presenting various clinical findings. Specific ocular manifestations and the immunological status of the host can help to differentiate the various herpetic entities before laboratory tests confirm the diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Servillo
- Department of Ophthalmology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Berni
- Department of Ophthalmology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Marchese
- Department of Ophthalmology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Bahram Bodaghi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Moncef Khairallah
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Russell W Read
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Elisabetta Miserocchi
- Department of Ophthalmology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
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Lipopolysaccharide enhances HSV-1 replication and inflammatory factor release in the ARPE-19 cells. Heliyon 2022; 8:e11787. [DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Wang X, Chen L, Wang X, Zhang M, Yang F, Wu F, Liu J, Lu L, Pang Y. Long-Acting Protective Ocular Surface by Instilling Adhesive Dual-Antiviral Nanoparticles. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2200283. [PMID: 35579101 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202200283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The eye is susceptible to viral infections, causing severe ocular symptoms or even respiratory diseases. Methods capable of protecting the eye from external viral invasion in a long-term and highly effective way are urgently needed but have been proved to be extremely challenging. Here, a strategy of forming a long-acting protective ocular surface is described by instilling adhesive dual-antiviral nanoparticles. Taking pseudotyped severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) as a model virus, antiviral agent-loaded nanoparticles are coated with a "double-lock" hybrid cell membrane abundant with integrin-β1 and angiotensin converting enzyme II (ACE2). After instillation, the presence of integrin-β1 endows coated nanoparticles with steady adhesion via specific binding to Arg-Gly-Asp sequence on the fibronectin of ocular epithelium, achieving durable retention on the ocular surface. In addition to loaded inhibitors, the exposure of ACE2 can trap SARS-CoV-2 and subsequently neutralize the associated spike protein, playing a dual antiviral effect of the resulting nanoparticles. Adhesive dual-antiviral nanoparticles enabled by coating with a "double-lock" hybrid cell membrane could be a versatile platform for topical long-acting protection against viral infection of the eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine Institute of Molecular Medicine State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes Shanghai Cancer Institute Renji Hospital School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200127 P. R. China
| | - Liangbo Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology Department of Ophthalmology Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200011 P. R. China
| | - Xinling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MOE/MOH School of Basic Medical Sciences and Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center Fudan University Shanghai 200032 P. R. China
| | - Mengmeng Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine Institute of Molecular Medicine State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes Shanghai Cancer Institute Renji Hospital School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200127 P. R. China
| | - Fengmin Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine Institute of Molecular Medicine State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes Shanghai Cancer Institute Renji Hospital School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200127 P. R. China
| | - Feng Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine Institute of Molecular Medicine State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes Shanghai Cancer Institute Renji Hospital School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200127 P. R. China
| | - Jinyao Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine Institute of Molecular Medicine State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes Shanghai Cancer Institute Renji Hospital School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200127 P. R. China
| | - Lu Lu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MOE/MOH School of Basic Medical Sciences and Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center Fudan University Shanghai 200032 P. R. China
| | - Yan Pang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology Department of Ophthalmology Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200011 P. R. China
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Efficacy of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy versus antiviral therapy in the treatment of herpetic gingivostomatitis among children: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 39:102895. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.102895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Arunasri K, Sai Prashanthi G, Tyagi M, Pappuru RR, Shivaji S. Intraocular Viral Communities Associated With Post-fever Retinitis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:724195. [PMID: 34869420 PMCID: PMC8639604 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.724195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The virome of ocular fluids is naive. The results of this study highlight the virome in the vitreous fluid of the eye of individuals without any ocular infection and compare it with the virome of the vitreous fluid of individuals with retinitis. A total of 1,016,037 viral reads were generated from 25 vitreous fluid samples comprising control and post-fever retinitis (PFR) samples. The top 10 viral families in the vitreous fluids comprised of Myoviridae, Siphoviridae, Phycodnaviridae, Herpesviridae, Poxviridae, Iridoviridae, Podoviridae, Retroviridae, Baculoviridae, and Flaviviridae. Principal coordinate analysis and heat map analysis clearly discriminated the virome of the vitreous fluid of the controls from that of the PFR virome. The abundance of 10 viral genera increased significantly in the vitreous fluid virome of the post-fever retinitis group compared with the control group. Genus Lymphocryptovirus, comprising the human pathogen Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) that is also implicated in ocular infections was significantly abundant in eight out of the nine vitreous fluid viromes of post-fever retinitis group samples compared with the control viromes. Human viruses, such as Hepacivirus, Circovirus, and Kobuvirus, were also significantly increased in abundance in the vitreous fluid viromes of post-fever retinitis group samples compared with the control viromes. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) functional analysis and the network analysis depicted an increase in the immune response by the host in the post-fever retinitis group compared with the control group. All together, the results of the study indicate changes in the virome in the vitreous fluid of patients with the post-fever retinitis group compared to the control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotakonda Arunasri
- Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L. V. Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Mudit Tyagi
- Smt. Kanuri Santhamma Center for Vitreo Retinal Diseases, L. V. Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Rajeev R. Pappuru
- Smt. Kanuri Santhamma Center for Vitreo Retinal Diseases, L. V. Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Sisinthy Shivaji
- Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L. V. Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
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Li W, Wang X, Yang Y, Zhao L, Lin D, Wang J, Zhu Y, Chen C, Liu Z, Wu X, Zhang X, Wang R, Li R, Ting DSW, Huang W, Lin H. The associations of population mobility in HIV disease severity and mortality rate in China. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:315. [PMID: 33708942 PMCID: PMC7944320 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-4514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Background Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has become a chronic disease and attracted public attention globally. Population migration was considered hindering the control and management of HIV infection, but limited studies have explored how population mobility could influence the development of HIV-related complications and overall prognosis. Methods We enrolled hospitalized HIV patients in this cross-sectional study between January 1, 2006, and December 31, 2016. We extracted demographic, hospitalization, and patient diagnosis data. Patients were divided into three groups according to the population type: (I) resident of Guangzhou City (local resident); (II) migrant outside of Guangzhou City but within Guangdong Province (migrant within the province); and (III) migrant outside of Guangdong Province (migrant outside the province). To represent the prognosis of HIV, in-hospital death was defined as the worst outcome, whereas vision-related events were considered moderate-to-severe complications. Logistic regression models were used to analyze factors influencing the prognosis of HIV. Results Eight thousand and six hundred thirty-one inpatients (14,954 cases) were enrolled. The overall mortality was 7.9%, decreasing from 21.5% in 2006 to 3.8% in 2016. The prevalence of vision-related events was 14.4% between 2015 and 2016. Compared to local patients, migrant patients (within and outside the province) were younger, had significantly less access to health insurance, fewer hospitalization admissions, longer hospital stays, and a higher proportion of physical work (P<0.01). Furthermore, they had a higher prevalence of vision-related events (16.2% and 17.4% in migrant patients within the province and outside the province, respectively vs. 9.5%) and infectious diseases, but lower in-hospital mortality (5.9% and 7.0% vs. 12.3%) than local patients. Migrants correlated negatively with in-hospital death [odds ratio (OR) 95% CI, 0.37 (0.29–0.48) and 0.52 (0.40–0.68)] but correlated positively with vision-related events [OR (95% CI), 2.08 (1.54–2.80) and 2.03 (1.47–2.80)]. Conclusions Migrant patients have significantly poorer access to health insurance, with an increased risk of developing moderate-to-severe HIV infection but a decreased risk of in-hospital death, indicating a trend toward withdrawing treatment in migrant patients when they have advanced diseases. Managements such as optimizing access to health insurance and improving follow-up visits for HIV infection should be considered in the context of the population mobility of HIV patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yahan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lanqin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Duoru Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinghui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Zhu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Chuan Chen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Zhenzhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiayin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruixin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruiyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Daniel Shu Wei Ting
- Singapore National Eye Centre, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wenyong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haotian Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Center of Precision Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Li W, Wang X, Zhao L, Lin D, Yang Y, Liu Z, Wu X, Wang J, Zhu Y, Chen C, Zhang X, Wang R, Li R, Huang X, Huang W, Lin H. The value and implementation of routine ophthalmic examination in the era of HAART. EClinicalMedicine 2021; 31:100646. [PMID: 33385122 PMCID: PMC7772547 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The high prevalence of ocular manifestations (OMs) in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and chronic diseases such as diabetes has become a global health issue. However, there is still a lack of an appropriate ophthalmic diagnostic procedure for the early detection of OMs in this population, leading to the risk of an irreversible visual impairment that substantially affects the quality of life of these patients. METHODS The Guangzhou HIV Infection Study was a retrospective study that enrolled hospitalised HIV-infected patients in Guangzhou between January 2005 and December 2016, period corresponding to the highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) era in China. We collected data on OMs, systemic diseases, hospitalisation, and demographic characteristics. We classified the patients into 3 groups according to the ophthalmic examination mode they underwent: the non-ophthalmologist examination group (patients hospitalised in 2005-2011 who were only treated by infectious disease physicians), the on-demand ophthalmic examination group (patients hospitalised in 2012-2013 who were referred for a consultation with an ophthalmologist), and the routine ophthalmic examination group (patients hospitalised in 2014-2016 who routinely underwent standard ophthalmic examinations). Binary logistic regression models were used to investigate the factors related to OMs. FINDINGS A total of 8,743 hospitalised HIV-infected patients were enrolled. The prevalence of detected OMs were 1.5% in the non-ophthalmologist examination group, 1.9% in the on-demand ophthalmic examination group, and 12.8% in the routine ophthalmic examination group. The odds of detection of OMs were highest in the routine ophthalmic examination group (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]=9.24, [95%CI, 6.51-13.12], compared to the non-ophthalmologist examination group). The detection of all types of OMs increased substantially, with keratitis, retinitis and vascular abnormalities increased the most (by 15.8-20.0 times). In the routine examination group, patients who were older than 50 years, males, with medical insurance, and were not resident in Guangzhou, had higher odds to have OMs. Several systemic diseases also increased the odds of OMs, with the highest odds among patients with a cytomegalovirus infection (aOR=5.59, [95%CI, 4.12-7.59]). Patients with retinitis, retinopathy and conjunctivitis had higher odds of having a CD4+ T cell counts less than 200 cells/μL compared to the patients that did not have these referred OMs. INTERPRETATION The implementation of a routine ophthalmic examination has improved the odds of OM detection by approximately 9 times and increased the diagnosis rates of all types of OMs. Therefore, we encourage all HIV-infected patients to undergo regular ophthalmic examinations. Patients with OMs, especially retinopathy and retinitis, need to be evaluated for immune function (such as CD4+ T cell counts) and systemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510000, China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, China
| | - Lanqin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510000, China
| | - Duoru Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510000, China
| | - Yahan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510000, China
| | - Zhenzhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510000, China
| | - Xiaohang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510000, China
| | - Jinghui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510000, China
| | - Yi Zhu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
| | - Chuan Chen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
| | - Xiayin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510000, China
| | - Ruixin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510000, China
| | - Ruiyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510000, China
| | - Xiaoman Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510000, China
| | - Wenyong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510000, China
| | - Haotian Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510000, China
- Center of Precision Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510000, China
- Corresponding author.
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Azari AA, Arabi A. Conjunctivitis: A Systematic Review. J Ophthalmic Vis Res 2020; 15:372-395. [PMID: 32864068 PMCID: PMC7431717 DOI: 10.18502/jovr.v15i3.7456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Conjunctivitis is a commonly encountered condition in ophthalmology clinics throughout the world. In the management of suspected cases of conjunctivitis, alarming signs for more serious intraocular conditions, such as severe pain, decreased vision, and painful pupillary reaction, must be considered. Additionally, a thorough medical and ophthalmic history should be obtained and a thorough physical examination should be done in patients with atypical findings and chronic course. Concurrent physical exam findings with relevant history may reveal the presence of a systemic condition with involvement of the conjunctiva. Viral conjunctivitis remains to be the most common overall cause of conjunctivitis. Bacterial conjunctivitis is encountered less frequently and it is the second most common cause of infectious conjunctivitis. Allergic conjunctivitis is encountered in nearly half of the population and the findings include itching, mucoid discharge, chemosis, and eyelid edema. Long-term usage of eye drops with preservatives in a patient with conjunctival irritation and discharge points to the toxic conjunctivitis as the underlying etiology. Effective management of conjunctivitis includes timely diagnosis, appropriate differentiation of the various etiologies, and appropriate treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir A Azari
- Ophthalmic Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Ophthalmology, Torfeh Medical Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Arabi
- Ophthalmic Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Ophthalmology, Torfeh Medical Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Cravo LMDS, Biancardi AL, Ronconi TB, Xavier VL, Moraes H. Intraocular pressure in patients with human immunodeficiency virus, correlation with TCD4, viral load and demographic characteristics: a case-control study. Clin Ophthalmol 2019; 13:1477-1483. [PMID: 31496638 PMCID: PMC6689137 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s216759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To compare if patients with HIV have lower intraocular pressure than patients without HIV. Methods The association of intraocular pressure corrected by pachymetry and the relationship with viral load (VL) and TCD4 cells was studied. A total of 99 patients with HIV (91 who were on regular treatment and in control of the disease - group 1; and 8 who were without treatment - group 2) and 100 controls were studied. Results Only age was of statistical significance; the group with HIV without control of the disease was the youngest. There was a decrease of -1.54 mmHg in the IOP of group 1 in relation to the controls and -3.63 mmHg in the IOP of group 2 in relation to the controls. Conclusion HIV patients had lower IOP than the control population. However, the relationship between IOP, VL and TCD4 was not found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Medlig de Sousa Cravo
- Postgraduate Surgical Sciences, Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-590, Brazil
| | - Ana Luiza Biancardi
- Uveitis Ophthalmology Department, Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-590, Brazil
| | - Thamiles Batista Ronconi
- Dermatology, Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-590, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Layter Xavier
- Statistics Department, Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, Universidade Estadual do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20550-900, Brazil
| | - Haroldo Moraes
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Universitário Da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-590, Brazil
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10
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Lee JH, Mi H, Lim R, Ho SL, Lim WK, Teoh SC, Agrawal R. Ocular Autoimmune Systemic Inflammatory Infectious Study - Report 3: Posterior and Panuveitis. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2017; 27:89-98. [PMID: 28991501 DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2017.1358377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To report the pattern of posterior and panuveitis at a tertiary referral center in Singapore. METHODS Subgroup retrospective analysis of 334 new posterior and panuveitis cases, from the Ocular Autoimmune Systemic Inflammatory Infectious Study (OASIS) database. Descriptive analysis was performed and visual outcome and complications were reported. RESULTS The etiology for posterior uveitis and panuveitis was infectious in 162 patients (48.5%), non-infectious in 144 patients (43.1%), and idiopathic in 28 patients (8.4%). More patients with bilateral disease had a non-infectious etiology (n = 82, 50.9%) (p = 0.012). The most common complication was epiretinal membrane (n = 20, 12.3%) for the infectious group and cystoid macular edema (n = 12, 8.3%) for the non-infectious group. CONCLUSIONS The proportion of etiologies in our cohort varies from other studies. Understanding the variations and demographic associations allows the diagnosis and management of posterior and panuveitis to be further improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne H Lee
- a Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine , National University of Singapore , Singapore , Singapore
| | - Helen Mi
- b National Healthcare Group Eye Institute , Tan Tock Seng Hospital , Singapore , Singapore
| | - Rachel Lim
- c Singapore National Eye Centre , Singapore , Singapore
| | - Su Ling Ho
- b National Healthcare Group Eye Institute , Tan Tock Seng Hospital , Singapore , Singapore
| | - Wee Kiak Lim
- b National Healthcare Group Eye Institute , Tan Tock Seng Hospital , Singapore , Singapore.,d Eagle Eye Center , Mount Elizabeth Novena Hospital , Singapore , Singapore
| | - Stephen C Teoh
- b National Healthcare Group Eye Institute , Tan Tock Seng Hospital , Singapore , Singapore.,d Eagle Eye Center , Mount Elizabeth Novena Hospital , Singapore , Singapore
| | - Rupesh Agrawal
- a Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine , National University of Singapore , Singapore , Singapore.,b National Healthcare Group Eye Institute , Tan Tock Seng Hospital , Singapore , Singapore
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11
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Multifocal intraocular lenses: An overview. Surv Ophthalmol 2017; 62:611-634. [DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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12
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Lee JH, Agarwal A, Mahendradas P, Lee CS, Gupta V, Pavesio CE, Agrawal R. Viral posterior uveitis. Surv Ophthalmol 2017; 62:404-445. [PMID: 28012878 PMCID: PMC5654632 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2016.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The causes of posterior uveitis can be divided into infectious, autoimmune, or masquerade syndromes. Viral infections, a significant cause of sight-threatening ocular diseases in the posterior segment, include human herpesviruses, measles, rubella, and arboviruses such as dengue, West Nile, and chikungunya virus. Viral posterior uveitis may occur as an isolated ocular disease in congenital or acquired infections or as part of a systemic viral illness. Many viruses remain latent in the infected host with a risk of reactivation that depends on various factors, including virulence and host immunity, age, and comorbidities. Although some viral illnesses are self-limiting and have a good visual prognosis, others, such as cytomegalovirus retinitis or acute retinal necrosis, may result in serious complications and profound vision loss. Since some of these infections may respond well to antiviral therapy, it is important to work up all cases of posterior uveitis to rule out an infectious etiology. We review the clinical features, diagnostic tools, treatment regimens, and long-term outcomes for each of these viral posterior uveitides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne H Lee
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Aniruddha Agarwal
- Department of Vitreoretina and Uveitis, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | | | - Cecilia S Lee
- Department of Uveitis, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Vishali Gupta
- Department of Vitreoretina and Uveitis, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Carlos E Pavesio
- Department of Medical Retina, Moorfields Eye Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rupesh Agrawal
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Medical Retina, Moorfields Eye Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Department of Ophthalmology, National Healthcare Group Eye Institute, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
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Smedowski A, Tarnawska D, Orski M, Wroblewska-Czajka E, Kaarniranta K, Aragona P, Wylegala E. Cytoarchitecture of epithelial inflammatory infiltration indicates the aetiology of infectious keratitis. Acta Ophthalmol 2017; 95:405-413. [PMID: 28371196 DOI: 10.1111/aos.13363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyse cytological features of corneal epithelium in infectious keratitis. METHODS One hundred and eighteen patients (53 males and 65 females) diagnosed with acute stage of infectious keratitis (45 viral, 40 bacterial, 23 fungal, 10 Acanthamoeba keratitis) were included in study. We performed retrospective analysis of bright and blue-light slit-lamp photographs and in vivo corneal confocal microscopy scans of the corneal epithelium from five corneal regions (superior, inferior, temporal, nasal and central). Density, morphology of inflammatory cells and their relation to epithelial structures, as well as density of nerve fibres, were evaluated in relation to the keratitis aetiology. RESULTS We characterized five morphological types of inflammatory cells forming infiltration. Cell and nerve fibre densities showed significant differences between groups, and the most intense inflammatory infiltration was associated with fungal then bacterial, viral and Acanthamoeba keratitis. Additionally, differences in aetiology-specific ratio of round/non-round inflammatory cells were observed. CONCLUSION Confocal microscopy analysis in infectious keratitis of various aetiologies revealed quantitative and qualitative differences in inflammatory cell infiltration expressed in different ratio of round/non-round inflammatory cells. In vivo microscopic analysis of both the corneal epithelial layer cytopathology and the cytology of inflammatory infiltration provides a fast and specific differentiation of keratitis aetiology that may increase the accuracy in the selection of the initial treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Smedowski
- Department of Ophthalmology; School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze; Medical University of Silesia; Katowice Poland
- Chair and Department of Physiology; School of Medicine in Katowice; Medical University of Silesia; Katowice Poland
| | - Dorota Tarnawska
- Department of Ophthalmology; School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze; Medical University of Silesia; Katowice Poland
- Department of Biophysics and Molecular Physics; Institute of Physics; University of Silesia; Katowice Poland
| | - Michal Orski
- Department of Ophthalmology; School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze; Medical University of Silesia; Katowice Poland
| | - Ewa Wroblewska-Czajka
- Department of Ophthalmology; School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze; Medical University of Silesia; Katowice Poland
| | - Kai Kaarniranta
- Department of Ophthalmology; University of Eastern Finland; Kuopio Finland
- Department of Ophthalmology; Kuopio University Hospital; Kuopio Finland
| | - Pasquale Aragona
- Department of Experimental Medical-Surgical Sciences; Ocular Surface Diseases Unit; University of Messina; Messina Italy
| | - Edward Wylegala
- Department of Ophthalmology; School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze; Medical University of Silesia; Katowice Poland
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Conjunctivitis, Keratitis and Infections of Periorbital Structures. Infect Dis (Lond) 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-7020-6285-8.00016-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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15
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Chen EJ, Bin Ismail MA, Mi H, Ho SL, Lim WK, Teoh SC, Agrawal R. Ocular Autoimmune Systemic Inflammatory Infectious Study (OASIS) - Report 1: Epidemiology and Classification. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2016; 26:732-746. [PMID: 27918224 DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2016.1249376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To report the epidemiology and classification of ocular inflammation at a tertiary eye care center in Singapore. METHODS Retrospective cohort study of the clinical records of consecutive new cases from the Ocular Autoimmune Systemic Inflammatory Infectious Study (OASIS) database from 2004-2015. RESULTS A total of 2200 patients were studied from the OASIS database. The most common anatomic diagnosis was anterior uveitis (55.9%), posterior uveitis (17.5%), panuveitis (9.6%), and intermediate uveitis (4.7%). In addition, scleritis (6.1%), keratouveitis (2.8%), retinal vasculitis (2.2%), and episcleritis (1.2%) were observed. Etiology was established in 65.1%, with 35.2% of patients associated with non-infectious etiologies. The most common etiologies found were presumed tuberculosis (7.2%), followed by cytomegalovirus infection (6.9%), herpetic infection (6.3%), HLA-B27-associated anterior uveitis (4.2%), and ankylosing spondylitis (3.8%). CONCLUSIONS The pattern of ocular inflammation in Singapore has similarities with both Western and Asian populations. Anterior uveitis was the most common, with non-infectious etiologies being slightly more common than infectious etiologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J Chen
- a Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine , National University of Singapore , Singapore
| | | | - Helen Mi
- b National Healthcare Group Eye Institute , Tan Tock Seng Hospital , Singapore
| | - Su Ling Ho
- b National Healthcare Group Eye Institute , Tan Tock Seng Hospital , Singapore
| | - Wee Kiak Lim
- b National Healthcare Group Eye Institute , Tan Tock Seng Hospital , Singapore.,c Eagle Eye Center , Mount Elizabeth Novena Hospital , Singapore
| | - Stephen C Teoh
- b National Healthcare Group Eye Institute , Tan Tock Seng Hospital , Singapore.,c Eagle Eye Center , Mount Elizabeth Novena Hospital , Singapore
| | - Rupesh Agrawal
- a Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine , National University of Singapore , Singapore.,b National Healthcare Group Eye Institute , Tan Tock Seng Hospital , Singapore
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Clinical and corneal microbial profile of infectious keratitis in a high HIV prevalence setting in rural South Africa. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2016; 35:1403-9. [PMID: 27236644 PMCID: PMC4982874 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-016-2677-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this investigation was to determine the clinical and corneal microbial profile of infectious keratitis in a high human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevalence setting in rural South Africa. Data in this cross-sectional study were collected from patients presenting with symptoms of infectious keratitis (n = 46) at the ophthalmology outpatient department of three hospitals in rural South Africa. Corneal swabs were tested for herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and 2 (HSV-2), varicella zoster virus (VZV) and adenovirus DNA by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and for bacteria and fungi by culture. Based on clinical history, disease characteristics and laboratory results, 29 (63 %) patients were diagnosed as viral keratitis, including 14 (48 %) viral keratitis cases complicated by bacterial superinfection, and 17 (37 %) as bacterial keratitis. VZV and HSV-1 DNA was detected in 11 (24 %) and 5 (11 %) corneal swabs, respectively. Among clinically defined viral keratitis cases, a negative viral swab was predominantly (93 %) observed in cases with subepithelial inflammation and was significantly associated with an increased duration of symptoms (p = 0.003). The majority of bacteria cultured were Gram-positive (24/35), including Staphylococcus epidermidis and S. aureus. Viral aetiology was significantly associated with a history of herpes zoster ophthalmicus (p < 0.001) and a trend was observed between viral aetiology and HIV infection (p = 0.06). Twenty-one (47 %) keratitis cases were complicated by anterior uveitis, of which 18 (86 %) were HIV-infected cases with viral keratitis. The data implicate a high prevalence of herpetic keratitis, in part complicated by bacterial superinfection and/or uveitis, in HIV-infected individuals presenting with infectious keratitis in rural South Africa.
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17
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Lu B, Yang Y. Detection of TORCH pathogens in children with congenital cataracts. Exp Ther Med 2016; 12:1159-1164. [PMID: 27446337 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the correlation between infection rates with TORCH pathogens including toxoplasma, rubella virus, cytomegalovirus, and herpes simplex virus (HSV) I and II and congenital cataracts. In total, the data from 69 children with congenital cataract treated at the Children's Hospital of the Zhejiang University School of Medicine between May 2006 and September 2013 were examined, including the complete serum test results for immunoglobulin (Ig)G and IgM that target TORCH pathogenic antibodies. These results were compared with the antibody levels of 5,914 children in a control group. Using SPSS 19.0 software, variance equation Levene tests, mean equation t tests, and completely randomized design of four tables χ2 tests were applied. The HSV II IgG positivity rates significantly differed between the cataract and control groups. These results suggested that HSV may be one of the pathogenic viruses that leads to congenital cataracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Yabo Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
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18
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Sadowska-Przytocka A, Czarnecka-Operacz M, Jenerowicz D, Grzybowski A. Ocular manifestations of infectious skin diseases. Clin Dermatol 2015; 34:124-8. [PMID: 26903179 DOI: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2015.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Ocular complications of infectious skin diseases are a common occurrence. Managing the inflamed or infected eye in the emergency setting presents a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge to the emergency physician. Infectious agents may affect any part of the eye. Ocular findings may be the first sign of many infectious diseases, such as, for example, gonorrhea or chlamydia infection. Understanding the various forms of ocular involvement in these conditions is important, because untreated ophthalmic involvement can lead to severe vision loss. This review focuses on the significant ocular manifestations of the most common infectious diseases, including bacterial, viral, fungal, and parasitic infections, that both ophthalmologists and dermatologists may encounter.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dorota Jenerowicz
- Department of Dermatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland
| | - Andrzej Grzybowski
- Department of Ophthalmology, Poznan City Hospital, Poznan, Poland; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
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Rangel CM, Prada AM, Varon C, Merayo-Lloves J. Immune recovery uveitis in a patient with previously undiagnosed cytomegalovirus retinitis. BMJ Case Rep 2015; 2015:bcr-2015-212095. [PMID: 26531739 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2015-212095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
A 40-year-old man presented to the emergency service of the Department of Ophthalmology, Fundación Oftalmológica de Santander, Floridablanca, Colombia, with blurred vision in his right eye. Anamnesis revealed that he also had newly diagnosed stage C HIV. He had recently started highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Examination disclosed intraocular inflammation, along with plain white peripheral non-exudative lesions with sparse haemorrhaging. The differential diagnosis included cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis and immune recovery uveitis (IRU). On follow-up, the patient's left eye presented with decreased visual acuity and increased vitreous haze. A vitrectomy with vitreous tap was performed for microbiological studies. PCR for CMV in the vitreous sample was negative. The patient was discharged with the final diagnosis of IRU. In HIV patients with uveitis, the knowledge of characteristic signs and symptoms of particular entities such as opportunistic infections and IRU will enable the clinician to give the appropriate treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Angélica M Prada
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fundación Oftalmológica de Santander (FOSCAL)/Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga, Floridablanca, Santander, Colombia
| | - Clara Varon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fundación Oftalmologica de Santander, Floridablanca, Santander, Colombia
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20
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Rubicz R, Yolken R, Drigalenko E, Carless MA, Dyer TD, Kent J, Curran JE, Johnson MP, Cole SA, Fowler SP, Arya R, Puppala S, Almasy L, Moses EK, Kraig E, Duggirala R, Blangero J, Leach CT, Göring HHH. Genome-wide genetic investigation of serological measures of common infections. Eur J Hum Genet 2015; 23:1544-8. [PMID: 25758998 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2015.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Populations and individuals differ in susceptibility to infections because of a number of factors, including host genetic variation. We previously demonstrated that differences in antibody titer, which reflect infection history, are significantly heritable. Here we attempt to identify the genetic factors influencing variation in these serological phenotypes. Blood samples from >1300 Mexican Americans were quantified for IgG antibody level against 12 common infections, selected on the basis of their reported role in cardiovascular disease risk: Chlamydia pneumoniae; Helicobacter pylori; Toxoplasma gondii; cytomegalovirus; herpes simplex I virus; herpes simplex II virus; human herpesvirus 6 (HHV6); human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8); varicella zoster virus; hepatitis A virus (HAV); influenza A virus; and influenza B virus. Pathogen-specific quantitative antibody levels were analyzed, as were three measures of pathogen burden. Genome-wide linkage and joint linkage and association analyses were performed using ~1 million SNPs. Significant linkage (lod scores >3.0) was obtained for HHV6 (on chromosome 7), HHV8 (on chromosome 6), and HAV (on chromosome 13). SNP rs4812712 on chromosome 20 was significantly associated with C. pneumoniae (P=5.3 × 10(-8)). However, no genome-wide significant loci were obtained for the other investigated antibodies. We conclude that it is possible to localize host genetic factors influencing some of these antibody traits, but that further larger-scale investigations will be required to elucidate the genetic mechanisms contributing to variation in antibody levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohina Rubicz
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Robert Yolken
- Stanley Division of Developmental Neurovirology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Eugene Drigalenko
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Melanie A Carless
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Thomas D Dyer
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Jack Kent
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Joanne E Curran
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Matthew P Johnson
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Shelley A Cole
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Sharon P Fowler
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Rector Arya
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Sobha Puppala
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Laura Almasy
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Eric K Moses
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Ellen Kraig
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | | | - John Blangero
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Charles T Leach
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Infectious Diseases, Baylor College of Medicine/Children's Hospital of San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Harald H H Göring
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
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Agrawal R, Bhan K, Balaggan K, Lee RW, Pavesio CE, Addison PK. Unilateral acute maculopathy associated with adult onset hand, foot and mouth disease: case report and review of literature. J Ophthalmic Inflamm Infect 2015; 5:2. [PMID: 25774239 PMCID: PMC4333364 DOI: 10.1186/s12348-015-0034-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acute maculopathy is a rare condition of unknown aetiology and Coxsackie virus is known to be associated with this macular chorioretinitis. Findings We report a case of acute unilateral maculopathy in a 35-year-old woman with concurrent hand foot and mouth disease. Furthermore, we display multimodal imaging (colour fundus photographs, autofluorescence, spectral domain ocular coherence tomography, fluorescein angiography and indocyanine green angiography) charting the course of the disease. The source of the virus was thought to be the patient's child. Empirical treatment with oral corticosteroids was commenced and the inflammation resolved, leaving a residual macular scar. Conclusions We present this case combined with the review of literature of adult onset Coxsackie-virus-associated retinitis. This case reiterates the fact that Coxsackie virus is an uncommon but important consideration in the differential diagnosis of chorioretinitis and posterior uveitis with atypical retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupesh Agrawal
- Moorfields Eye Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, 162 City Road, London, EC1V 2PD UK ; Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, 162 City Road, London, EC1V 2PD UK ; National Healthcare Group Eye Institute, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore, 308433 Singapore
| | - Kanchan Bhan
- Moorfields Eye Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, 162 City Road, London, EC1V 2PD UK
| | - Kam Balaggan
- Moorfields Eye Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, 162 City Road, London, EC1V 2PD UK
| | - Richard Wj Lee
- Moorfields Eye Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, 162 City Road, London, EC1V 2PD UK ; Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, 162 City Road, London, EC1V 2PD UK ; University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS2 8HW UK
| | - Carlos E Pavesio
- Moorfields Eye Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, 162 City Road, London, EC1V 2PD UK ; Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, 162 City Road, London, EC1V 2PD UK
| | - Peter Kf Addison
- Moorfields Eye Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, 162 City Road, London, EC1V 2PD UK
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Ocular herpes: the pathophysiology, management and treatment of herpetic eye diseases. Virol Sin 2014; 29:327-42. [PMID: 25547680 PMCID: PMC8206444 DOI: 10.1007/s12250-014-3539-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Herpesviruses are a prominent cause of human viral disease, second only to the cold and influenza viruses. Most herpesvirus infections are mild or asymptomatic. However, when the virus invades the eye, a number of pathologies can develop and its associated sequelae have become a considerable source of ocular morbidity. The most common culprits of herpetic eye disease are the herpes simplex virus (HSV), varicella zoster virus (VZV), and cytomegalovirus (CMV). While primary infection can produce ocular disease, the most destructive manifestations tend to arise from recurrent infection. These recurrent infections can wreck devastating effects and lead to irreversible vision loss accompanied by a decreased quality of life, increased healthcare usage, and significant cost burden. Unfortunately, no method currently exists to eradicate herpesviruses from the body after infection. Treatment and management of herpes-related eye conditions continue to revolve around antiviral drugs, although corticosteroids, interferons, and other newer therapies may also be appropriate depending on the disease presentation. Ultimately, the advent of effective vaccines will be crucial to preventing herpesvirus diseases altogether and cutting the incidence of ocular complications.
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Atas M, Karatepe Hashas AS, Demircan S, Sarıguzel FM, Baskan B, Yuvacı I, Pangal E, Celik I, Zararsiz G. The Investigation of HCV RNA in Tear Fluid and Aqueous Humor in Patients with Anti-HCV Antibody Positive Who Underwent Cataract Surgery. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2014; 24:297-301. [PMID: 25495483 DOI: 10.3109/09273948.2014.985386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To obtain aqueous humor and tear fluid samples during cataract surgery of the hepatitis C virus (HCV)-antibody-positive patients in order to analyze them for HCV RNA and compare these measurements with serum HCV RNA levels. METHODS Twenty-nine anti-HCV-positive patients were included this study. HCV RNA viral load levels were determined by commercial real-time polymerase chain reaction system. Antibodies to HCV were screened with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using anti-HCV test kit. RESULTS Log10 HCV RNA levels were found to be 6.00 ± 1.06 IU/mL in serum, 2.76 ± 0.36 IU/mL in the aqueous humor, and 1.91 ± 0.93 IU/mL in tear fluid. No correlation was detected between samples for HCV RNA positivity (p = .390, κ = .102). We have observed that, viral RNA was detected in the aqueous humor, while not in serum in one case, whereas viral RNA was detected in tear fluid but not in serum in another case. CONCLUSIONS Although viral load detected in aqueous humor and tear fluid samples was considerably lower compared to the serum samples, it can still be important in terms of infectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Atas
- a Kayseri Training and Research Hospital, Ophthalmology , Kayseri , Turkey
| | | | - Süleyman Demircan
- a Kayseri Training and Research Hospital, Ophthalmology , Kayseri , Turkey
| | - Fatma Mutlu Sarıguzel
- b Kayseri Training and Research Hospital, Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases , Kayseri , Turkey , and
| | - Burhan Baskan
- a Kayseri Training and Research Hospital, Ophthalmology , Kayseri , Turkey
| | - Isa Yuvacı
- a Kayseri Training and Research Hospital, Ophthalmology , Kayseri , Turkey
| | - Emine Pangal
- a Kayseri Training and Research Hospital, Ophthalmology , Kayseri , Turkey
| | - Ilhami Celik
- b Kayseri Training and Research Hospital, Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases , Kayseri , Turkey , and
| | - Gokmen Zararsiz
- c Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine, Biostatistics , Kayseri , Turkey
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Mi H, Ho SL, Lim WK, Wong EP, Teoh SC. Trends in Patterns of Posterior Uveitis and Panuveitis in a Tertiary Institution in Singapore. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2014; 23:329-338. [DOI: 10.3109/09273948.2014.946148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Sharkey LC, Seelig DM, Overmann J. All lesions great and small, part 2. Diagnostic cytology in veterinary medicine. Diagn Cytopathol 2014; 42:544-52. [PMID: 24554415 PMCID: PMC7163500 DOI: 10.1002/dc.23090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This is the second in a two‐part review of diagnostic cytopathology in veterinary medicine. As in human medicine, cytopathology is a minimally invasive, rapid, and cost‐effective diagnostic modality with broad utilization. In this second part, the diagnostic applications of cytology in respiratory, gastrointestinal, genitourinary, endocrine, ocular, and central nervous system tissues are discussed with a section describing fluid analysis in veterinary medicine. As noted in the previous manuscript, which characterized the cytology of the skin/subcutis, musculoskeletal, and lymphoid tissues, the interpretation of veterinary cytology samples must be undertaken with extensive knowledge of the breadth of animal species, including familiarity with the frequency and clinical progression of diseases, both of which can be influenced by species, breed, and husbandry conditions. Similar to part one, this review focuses on the most common domestic companion animal species (dog, cat, and horse) and highlights lesions that are either unique to veterinary species or have relevant correlates in people. The cytologic features and biological behavior of similar lesions are compared, and selected mechanisms of disease and ancillary diagnostics are reviewed when appropriate. Supporting figures illustrate a subset of lesions. While not an exhaustive archive of veterinary cytology, the goal is to give cytopathologists working in human medicine a general impression of correlates and unique entities in veterinary practice. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2014;42:544–552. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie C Sharkey
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota
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