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Yeh T, Wu Y, Wong TY, Sun G, Tseng C, Cheng P. Dapagliflozin prevents ERK activation and SGLT2-dependent endoglin upregulation in a mechanically provoked cardiac injury model. Physiol Rep 2024; 12:e15990. [PMID: 38575554 PMCID: PMC10994982 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) are rapidly gaining ground in the treatment of heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) by an unknown mechanism. Upregulation of Na+/H+ exchanger 1 (NHE1), SGLT1, and Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) in the diseased hearts was found to be attenuated by prolonged SGLT2i treatment. Unfortunately, dapagliflozin is not well understood as to how Na+/Ca2+ homeostasis is affected in cardiomyocytes. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether mechanical stretch in cardiomyocytes upregulate SGLT2, resulted to loss of Na+/Ca2+ homeostasis via ERK and eNOS signaling. AMI (+) and AMI (-) serum levels were estimated using ELISA assays of TGFβ-1 or endoglin (CD105). Human cardiomyocyte cell line AC16 was subjected to different stresses: 5% mild and 25% aggressive, at 1 Hz for 24 h. Immunofluorescence assays were used to estimate troponin I, CD105, SGLT1/2, eNOSS633, and ERK1/2T202/Y204 levels was performed for 5% (mild), and 25% elongation for 24 h. AMI (+) serum showed increased TGFβ1 and CD105 compared to AMI (-) patients. In consistent, troponin I, CD105, SGLT1/2, eNOSS633 and ERK1/2T202/Y204 were upregulated after 25% of 24 h cyclic stretch. Dapagliflozin addition caused SGLT2 inhibition, which significantly decreased troponin I, CD105, SGLT1/2, eNOSS633, and ERK1/2T202/Y204 under 25% cyclic stretching. In summary, SGLT2 may have sensed mechanical stretch in a way similar to cardiac overloading as in vivo. By blocking SGLT2 in stretched cardiomyocytes, the AMI biomarkers (CD105, troponin I and P-ERK) were decreased, potentially to rescue eNOS production to maintain normal cellular function. This discovery of CD105 and SGLT2 increase in mechanically stretched cardiomyocytes suggests that SGLT2 may conceive a novel role in direct or indirect sensing of mechanical stretch, prompting the possibility of an in vitro cardiac overloaded cell model, an alternative to animal heart model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tung‐Chen Yeh
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal MedicineKaohsiung Veterans General HospitalKaohsiungTaiwan
- Institute of Biomedical SciencesNational Sun Yat‐sen UniversityKaohsiungTaiwan
| | - Yi‐Chung Wu
- Section of NeurologyZuoying Armed Forces General HospitalKaohsiungTaiwan
- School of MedicineNational Defense Medical CenterTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Tzyy Yue Wong
- Department of Medical Education and ResearchKaohsiung Veterans General HospitalKaohsiungTaiwan
- International Center for Wound Repair and RegenerationNational Cheng Kung UniversityTainanTaiwan
| | - Gwo‐Ching Sun
- Department of AnesthesiologyKaohsiung Veterans General HospitalKaohsiungTaiwan
| | - Ching‐Jiunn Tseng
- Institute of Biomedical SciencesNational Sun Yat‐sen UniversityKaohsiungTaiwan
- Department of Medical Education and ResearchKaohsiung Veterans General HospitalKaohsiungTaiwan
| | - Pei‐Wen Cheng
- Institute of Biomedical SciencesNational Sun Yat‐sen UniversityKaohsiungTaiwan
- Department of Medical Education and ResearchKaohsiung Veterans General HospitalKaohsiungTaiwan
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2
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Batista Napotnik T, Kos B, Jarm T, Miklavčič D, O'Connor RP, Rems L. Genetically engineered HEK cells as a valuable tool for studying electroporation in excitable cells. Sci Rep 2024; 14:720. [PMID: 38184741 PMCID: PMC10771480 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-51073-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Electric pulses used in electroporation-based treatments have been shown to affect the excitability of muscle and neuronal cells. However, understanding the interplay between electroporation and electrophysiological response of excitable cells is complex, since both ion channel gating and electroporation depend on dynamic changes in the transmembrane voltage (TMV). In this study, a genetically engineered human embryonic kidney cells expressing NaV1.5 and Kir2.1, a minimal complementary channels required for excitability (named S-HEK), was characterized as a simple cell model used for studying the effects of electroporation in excitable cells. S-HEK cells and their non-excitable counterparts (NS-HEK) were exposed to 100 µs pulses of increasing electric field strength. Changes in TMV, plasma membrane permeability, and intracellular Ca2+ were monitored with fluorescence microscopy. We found that a very mild electroporation, undetectable with the classical propidium assay but associated with a transient increase in intracellular Ca2+, can already have a profound effect on excitability close to the electrostimulation threshold, as corroborated by multiscale computational modelling. These results are of great relevance for understanding the effects of pulse delivery on cell excitability observed in context of the rapidly developing cardiac pulsed field ablation as well as other electroporation-based treatments in excitable tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Batista Napotnik
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Tržaška Cesta 25, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Bor Kos
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Tržaška Cesta 25, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tomaž Jarm
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Tržaška Cesta 25, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Damijan Miklavčič
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Tržaška Cesta 25, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Rodney P O'Connor
- École des Mines de Saint-Étienne, Department of Bioelectronics, Georges Charpak Campus, Centre Microélectronique de Provence, 880 Route de Mimet, 13120, Gardanne, France
| | - Lea Rems
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Tržaška Cesta 25, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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3
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Goldstein AJ, Padgett RM, Bremner SB, Higashi T, Obenaus AM, Bolduan S, Mack DL, Sniadecki NJ. Engineered Heart Tissues for Standard 96-Well Tissue Culture Plates. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2805:89-100. [PMID: 39008175 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3854-5_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Engineered heart tissues (EHTs) have been shown to be a valuable platform for disease investigation and therapeutic testing by increasing human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocyte (hiPSC-CM) maturity and better recreating the native cardiac environment. The protocol detailed in this chapter describes the generation of miniaturized EHTs (mEHTs) incorporating hiPSC-CMs and human stromal cells in a fibrin hydrogel. This platform utilizes an array of silicone posts designed to fit in a standard 96-well tissue culture plate. Stromal cells and hiPSC-CMs are cast in a fibrin matrix suspended between two silicone posts, forming an mEHT that produces synchronous muscle contractions. The platform presented here has the potential to be used for high throughput characterization and screening of disease phenotypes and novel therapeutics through measurements of the myocardial function, including contractile force and calcium handling, and its compatibility with immunostaining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex J Goldstein
- Department of Lab Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ruby M Padgett
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Samantha B Bremner
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ty Higashi
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ava M Obenaus
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sam Bolduan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - David L Mack
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nathan J Sniadecki
- Department of Lab Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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4
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Harisa GI, Faris TM, Sherif AY, Alzhrani RF, Alanazi SA, Kohaf NA, Alanazi FK. Gene-editing technology, from macromolecule therapeutics to organ transplantation: Applications, limitations, and prospective uses. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127055. [PMID: 37758106 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Gene editing technologies (GETs) could induce gene knockdown or gene knockout for biomedical applications. The clinical success of gene silence by RNAi therapies pays attention to other GETs as therapeutic approaches. This review aims to highlight GETs, categories, mechanisms, challenges, current use, and prospective applications. The different academic search engines, electronic databases, and bibliographies of selected articles were used in the preparation of this review with a focus on the fundamental considerations. The present results revealed that, among GETs, CRISPR/Cas9 has higher editing efficiency and targeting specificity compared to other GETs to insert, delete, modify, or replace the gene at a specific location in the host genome. Therefore, CRISPR/Cas9 is talented in the production of molecular, tissue, cell, and organ therapies. Consequently, GETs could be used in the discovery of innovative therapeutics for genetic diseases, pandemics, cancer, hopeless diseases, and organ failure. Specifically, GETs have been used to produce gene-modified animals to spare human organ failure. Genetically modified pigs are used in clinical trials as a source of heart, liver, kidneys, and lungs for xenotransplantation (XT) in humans. Viral, non-viral, and hybrid vectors have been utilized for the delivery of GETs with some limitations. Therefore, extracellular vesicles (EVs) are proposed as intelligent and future cargoes for GETs delivery in clinical applications. This study concluded that GETs are promising for the production of molecular, cellular, and organ therapies. The use of GETs as XT is still in the early stage as well and they have ethical and biosafety issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamaleldin I Harisa
- Kayyali Chair for Pharmaceutical Industry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Tarek M Faris
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelrahman Y Sherif
- Kayyali Chair for Pharmaceutical Industry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Riyad F Alzhrani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Nanobiotechnology Research Unit, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh A Alanazi
- Pharmaceutical Care Services, King Abdulaziz Medical City, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Science Collage of Pharmacy, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Neveen A Kohaf
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11651, Egypt
| | - Fars K Alanazi
- Kayyali Chair for Pharmaceutical Industry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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5
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Gabbin B, Meraviglia V, Angenent ML, Ward-van Oostwaard D, Sol W, Mummery CL, Rabelink TJ, van Meer BJ, van den Berg CW, Bellin M. Heart and kidney organoids maintain organ-specific function in a microfluidic system. Mater Today Bio 2023; 23:100818. [PMID: 37810749 PMCID: PMC10550812 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart and kidney communicate with one another in an interdependent relationship and they influence each other's behavior reciprocally, as pathological changes in one organ can damage the other. Although independent human in vitro models for heart and kidney exist, they do not capture their dynamic crosstalk. We have developed a microfluidic system which can be used to study heart and kidney interaction in vitro. Cardiac microtissues (cMTs) and kidney organoids (kOs) derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) were generated and loaded into two separated communicating chambers of a perfusion chip. Static culture conditions were compared with dynamic culture under unidirectional flow. Tissue viability was maintained for minimally 72 h under both conditions, as indicated by the presence of sarcomeric structures coupled with beating activity in cMTs and the presence of nephron structures and albumin uptake in kOs. We concluded that this system enables the study of human cardiac and kidney organoid interaction in vitro while controlling parameters like fluidic flow speed and direction. Together, this "cardiorenal-unit" provides a new in vitro model to study the cardiorenal axis and it may be further developed to investigate diseases involving both two organs and their potential treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Gabbin
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | - Viviana Meraviglia
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | - Maricke L. Angenent
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | | | - Wendy Sol
- Einthoven Laboratory of Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine-Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | - Christine L. Mummery
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands
- Department of Applied Stem Cell Technologies, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Ton J. Rabelink
- Einthoven Laboratory of Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine-Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | - Berend J. van Meer
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | - Cathelijne W. van den Berg
- Einthoven Laboratory of Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine-Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | - Milena Bellin
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padua, Italy
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6
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Hasannejad F, Montazeri L, Mano JF, Bonakdar S, Fazilat A. Regulation of cell fate by cell imprinting approach in vitro. BIOIMPACTS : BI 2023; 14:29945. [PMID: 38938752 PMCID: PMC11199935 DOI: 10.34172/bi.2023.29945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Cell culture-based technologies are widely utilized in various domains such as drug evaluation, toxicity assessment, vaccine and biopharmaceutical development, reproductive technology, and regenerative medicine. It has been demonstrated that pre-adsorption of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins including collagen, laminin and fibronectin provide more degrees of support for cell adhesion. The purpose of cell imprinting is to imitate the natural topography of cell membranes by gels or polymers to create a reliable environment for the regulation of cell function. The results of recent studies show that cell imprinting is a tool to guide the behavior of cultured cells by controlling their adhesive interactions with surfaces. Therefore, in this review we aim to compare different cell cultures with the imprinting method and discuss different cell imprinting applications in regenerative medicine, personalized medicine, disease modeling, and cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farkhonde Hasannejad
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Science, Semnan, Iran
- Genetic Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Montazeri
- Department of Cell Engineering, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - João F Mano
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Shahin Bonakdar
- National Cell Bank Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Fazilat
- Genetic Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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7
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Çakmak A, Fuerkaiti S, Karagüzel D, Karaaslan Ç, Gümüşderelioğlu M. Enhanced Osteogenic Potential of Noggin Knockout C2C12 Cells on BMP-2 Releasing Silk Scaffolds. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:6175-6185. [PMID: 37796024 PMCID: PMC10646847 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c00506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
The CRISPR/Cas9 mechanism offers promising therapeutic approaches for bone regeneration by stimulating or suppressing critical signaling pathways. In this study, we aimed to increase the activity of BMP-2 signaling through knockout of Noggin, thereby establishing a synergistic effect on the osteogenic activity of cells in the presence of BMP-2. Since Noggin is an antagonist expressed in skeletal tissues and binds to subunits of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) to inhibit osteogenic differentiation, here Noggin expression was knocked out using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. In accordance with this purpose, C2C12 (mouse myoblast) cells were transfected with CRISPR/Cas9 plasmids. Transfection was achieved with Lipofectamine and confirmed with intense fluorescent signals in microscopic images and deletion in target sequence in Sanger sequencing analysis. Thus, Noggin knockout cells were identified as a new cell source for tissue engineering studies. Then, the transfected cells were seeded on highly porous silk scaffolds bearing BMP-2-loaded silk nanoparticles (30 ng BMP-2/mg silk nanoparticle) in the size of 288 ± 62 nm. BMP-2 is released from the scaffolds in a controlled manner for up to 60 days. The knockout of Noggin by CRISPR/Cas9 was found to synergistically promote osteogenic differentiation in the presence of BMP-2 through increased Coll1A1 and Ocn expression and mineralization. Gene editing of Noggin and BMP-2 increased almost 2-fold Col1A1 expression and almost 3-fold Ocn expression compared to the control group. Moreover, transfected cells produced extracellular matrix (ECM) containing collagen fibers on the scaffolds and mineral-like structures were formed on the fibers. In addition, mineralization characterized by intense Alizarin red staining was detected in transfected cells cultured in the presence of BMP-2, while the other groups did not exhibit any mineralized areas. As has been demonstrated in this study, the CRISPR/Cas9 mechanism has great potential for obtaining new cell sources to be used in tissue engineering studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anıl
Sera Çakmak
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Hacettepe University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sümeyra Fuerkaiti
- Division
of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Hacettepe University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Dilara Karagüzel
- Department
of Biology, Molecular Biology Section, Hacettepe
University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Çağatay Karaaslan
- Division
of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Hacettepe University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
- Department
of Biology, Molecular Biology Section, Hacettepe
University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Menemşe Gümüşderelioğlu
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Hacettepe University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
- Division
of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Hacettepe University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
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8
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Xu LX, Wang RX, Jiang JF, Yi GC, Chang JJ, He RL, Jiao HX, Zheng B, Gui LX, Lin JJ, Huang ZH, Lin MJ, Wu ZJ. TRPC6 promotes daunorubicin-induced mitochondrial fission and cell death in rat cardiomyocytes with the involvement of ERK1/2-DRP1 activation. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2023; 470:116547. [PMID: 37178933 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2023.116547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Daunorubicin (DNR-) induced cardiotoxicity seriously restricts its clinical application. Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily C member 6 (TRPC6) is involved in multiple cardiovascular physiological and pathophysiological processes. However, the role of TRPC6 anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity (AIC) remains unclear. Mitochondrial fragmentation greatly promotes AIC. TRPC6-mediated ERK1/2 activation has been shown to favor mitochondrial fission in dentate granule cells. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the effects of TRPC6 on daunorubicin- induced cardiotoxicity and identify the mechanisms associated with mitochondrial dynamics. The sparkling results showed that TRPC6 was upregulated in models in vitro and in vivo. TRPC6 knockdown protected cardiomyocytes from DNR-induced cell apoptosis and death. DNR largely facilitated mitochondrial fission, boosted mitochondrial membrane potential collapse and damaged debilitated mitochondrial respiratory function in H9c2 cells,these effects were accompanied by TRPC6 upregulation. siTRPC6 effectively inhibited these mitochondrial adverse aspects showing a positive unexposed effect on mitochondrial morphology and function. Concomitantly, ERK1/2-DRP1 which is related to mitochondrial fission was significantly activated with amplified phosphorylated forms in DNR-treated H9c2 cells. siTRPC6 effectively suppressedERK1/2-DPR1 over activation, hinting at a potential correlation between TRPC6 and ERK1/2-DRP1 by which mitochondrial dynamics are possibly modulated in AIC. TRPC6 knockdown also raised the Bcl-2/Bax ratio, which may help to block mitochondrial fragmentation-related functional impairment and apoptotic signaling. These findings suggested an essential role of TRPC6 in AIC by intensifying mitochondrial fission and cell death via ERK1/2-DPR1, which could be a potential therapeutic target for AIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Xia Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Fujian Province Universities on Ion Channel and Signal Transduction in Cardiovascular Diseases, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui-Xing Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Fujian Province Universities on Ion Channel and Signal Transduction in Cardiovascular Diseases, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Feng Jiang
- The Key Laboratory of Fujian Province Universities on Ion Channel and Signal Transduction in Cardiovascular Diseases, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Gao-Cheng Yi
- The Key Laboratory of Fujian Province Universities on Ion Channel and Signal Transduction in Cardiovascular Diseases, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Jin Chang
- The Key Laboratory of Fujian Province Universities on Ion Channel and Signal Transduction in Cardiovascular Diseases, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui-Lan He
- The Key Laboratory of Fujian Province Universities on Ion Channel and Signal Transduction in Cardiovascular Diseases, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Xia Jiao
- The Key Laboratory of Fujian Province Universities on Ion Channel and Signal Transduction in Cardiovascular Diseases, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China; The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Long-Xin Gui
- The Key Laboratory of Fujian Province Universities on Ion Channel and Signal Transduction in Cardiovascular Diseases, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Jin Lin
- Public Technology Service Center, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Hong Huang
- Public Technology Service Center, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Mo-Jun Lin
- The Key Laboratory of Fujian Province Universities on Ion Channel and Signal Transduction in Cardiovascular Diseases, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhi-Juan Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Fujian Province Universities on Ion Channel and Signal Transduction in Cardiovascular Diseases, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China.
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9
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Deiman FE, Bomer N, van der Meer P, Grote Beverborg N. Review: Precision Medicine Approaches for Genetic Cardiomyopathy: Targeting Phospholamban R14del. Curr Heart Fail Rep 2022; 19:170-179. [PMID: 35699837 PMCID: PMC9329159 DOI: 10.1007/s11897-022-00558-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Heart failure is a syndrome with poor prognosis and no curative options for the majority of patients. The standard one-size-fits-all-treatment approach, targeting neurohormonal dysregulations, helps to modulate symptoms of heart failure, but fails to address the cause of the problem. Precision medicine aims to go beyond symptom modulation and targets pathophysiological mechanisms that underlie disease. In this review, an overview of how precision medicine can be approached as a treatment strategy for genetic heart disease will be discussed. PLN R14del, a genetic mutation known to cause cardiomyopathy, will be used as an example to describe the potential and pitfalls of precision medicine. RECENT FINDINGS PLN R14del is characterized by several disease hallmarks including calcium dysregulation, metabolic dysfunction, and protein aggregation. The identification of disease-related biological pathways and the effective targeting using several modalities, including gene silencing and signal transduction modulation, may eventually provide novel treatments for genetic heart disease. We propose a workflow on how to approach precision medicine in heart disease. This workflow focuses on deep phenotyping of patient derived material, including in vitro disease modeling. This will allow identification of therapeutic targets and disease modifiers, to be used for the identification of novel biomarkers and the development of precision medicine approaches for genetic cardiomyopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik E Deiman
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, UMCG Post-zone AB43, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nils Bomer
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, UMCG Post-zone AB43, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter van der Meer
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, UMCG Post-zone AB43, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Niels Grote Beverborg
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, UMCG Post-zone AB43, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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10
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Mousavi A, Stefanek E, Jafari A, Ajji Z, Naghieh S, Akbari M, Savoji H. Tissue-engineered heart chambers as a platform technology for drug discovery and disease modeling. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 138:212916. [PMID: 35913255 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.212916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Current drug screening approaches are incapable of fully detecting and characterizing drug effectiveness and toxicity of human cardiomyocytes. The pharmaceutical industry uses mathematical models, cell lines, and in vivo models. Many promising drugs are abandoned early in development, and some cardiotoxic drugs reach humans leading to drug recalls. Therefore, there is an unmet need to have more reliable and predictive tools for drug discovery and screening applications. Biofabrication of functional cardiac tissues holds great promise for developing a faithful 3D in vitro disease model, optimizing drug screening efficiencies enabling precision medicine. Different fabrication techniques including molding, pull spinning and 3D bioprinting were used to develop tissue-engineered heart chambers. The big challenge is to effectively organize cells into tissue with structural and physiological features resembling native tissues. Some advancements have been made in engineering miniaturized heart chambers that resemble a living pump for drug screening and disease modeling applications. Here, we review the currently developed tissue-engineered heart chambers and discuss challenges and prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mousavi
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada; Research Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montreal, QC, H3T 1C5 Canada; Montreal TransMedTech Institute (iTMT), Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Evan Stefanek
- Laboratory for Innovation in Microengineering (LiME), Department of Mechanical Engineering, Center for Biomedical Research, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 2C5, Canada; Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technologies (CAMTEC), University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Arman Jafari
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada; Research Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montreal, QC, H3T 1C5 Canada; Montreal TransMedTech Institute (iTMT), Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Zineb Ajji
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada; Research Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montreal, QC, H3T 1C5 Canada; Montreal TransMedTech Institute (iTMT), Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Saman Naghieh
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada
| | - Mohsen Akbari
- Laboratory for Innovation in Microengineering (LiME), Department of Mechanical Engineering, Center for Biomedical Research, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 2C5, Canada; Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technologies (CAMTEC), University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada; Biotechnology Center, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 2A, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Houman Savoji
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada; Research Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montreal, QC, H3T 1C5 Canada; Montreal TransMedTech Institute (iTMT), Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada.
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11
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Gabbin B, Meraviglia V, Mummery CL, Rabelink TJ, van Meer BJ, van den Berg CW, Bellin M. Toward Human Models of Cardiorenal Syndrome in vitro. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:889553. [PMID: 35694669 PMCID: PMC9177996 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.889553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart and kidney diseases cause high morbidity and mortality. Heart and kidneys have vital functions in the human body and, interestingly, reciprocally influence each other’s behavior: pathological changes in one organ can damage the other. Cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) is a group of disorders in which there is combined dysfunction of both heart and kidney, but its underlying biological mechanisms are not fully understood. This is because complex, multifactorial, and dynamic mechanisms are likely involved. Effective treatments are currently unavailable, but this may be resolved if more was known about how the disease develops and progresses. To date, CRS has actually only been modeled in mice and rats in vivo. Even though these models can capture cardiorenal interaction, they are difficult to manipulate and control. Moreover, interspecies differences may limit extrapolation to patients. The questions we address here are what would it take to model CRS in vitro and how far are we? There are already multiple independent in vitro (human) models of heart and kidney, but none have so far captured their dynamic organ-organ crosstalk. Advanced in vitro human models can provide an insight in disease mechanisms and offer a platform for therapy development. CRS represents an exemplary disease illustrating the need to develop more complex models to study organ-organ interaction in-a-dish. Human induced pluripotent stem cells in combination with microfluidic chips are one powerful tool with potential to recapitulate the characteristics of CRS in vitro. In this review, we provide an overview of the existing in vivo and in vitro models to study CRS, their limitations and new perspectives on how heart-kidney physiological and pathological interaction could be investigated in vitro for future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Gabbin
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Viviana Meraviglia
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Christine L. Mummery
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Department of Applied Stem Cell Technologies, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
| | - Ton J. Rabelink
- Department of Internal Medicine-Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory of Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Berend J. van Meer
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Cathelijne W. van den Berg
- Department of Internal Medicine-Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory of Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Milena Bellin
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padua, Italy
- *Correspondence: Milena Bellin, ,
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12
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Bremner SB, Gaffney KS, Sniadecki NJ, Mack DL. A Change of Heart: Human Cardiac Tissue Engineering as a Platform for Drug Development. Curr Cardiol Rep 2022; 24:473-486. [PMID: 35247166 PMCID: PMC8897733 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-022-01668-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Human cardiac tissue engineering holds great promise for early detection of drug-related cardiac toxicity and arrhythmogenicity during drug discovery and development. We describe shortcomings of the current drug development pathway, recent advances in the development of cardiac tissue constructs as drug testing platforms, and the challenges remaining in their widespread adoption. RECENT FINDINGS Human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs) have been used to develop a variety of constructs including cardiac spheroids, microtissues, strips, rings, and chambers. Several ambitious studies have used these constructs to test a significant number of drugs, and while most have shown proper negative inotropic and arrhythmogenic responses, few have been able to demonstrate positive inotropy, indicative of relative hPSC-CM immaturity. Several engineered human cardiac tissue platforms have demonstrated native cardiac physiology and proper drug responses. Future studies addressing hPSC-CM immaturity and inclusion of patient-specific cell lines will further advance the utility of such models for in vitro drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha B. Bremner
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Karen S. Gaffney
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Nathan J. Sniadecki
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - David L. Mack
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
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13
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Onódi Z, Visnovitz T, Kiss B, Hambalkó S, Koncz A, Ágg B, Váradi B, Tóth VÉ, Nagy RN, Gergely TG, Gergő D, Makkos A, Pelyhe C, Varga N, Reé D, Apáti Á, Leszek P, Kovács T, Nagy N, Ferdinandy P, Buzás EI, Görbe A, Giricz Z, Varga ZV. Systematic transcriptomic and phenotypic characterization of human and murine cardiac myocyte cell lines and primary cardiomyocytes reveals serious limitations and low resemblances to adult cardiac phenotype. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2021; 165:19-30. [PMID: 34959166 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2021.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac cell lines and primary cells are widely used in cardiovascular research. Despite increasing number of publications using these models, comparative characterization of these cell lines has not been performed, therefore, their limitations are undetermined. We aimed to compare cardiac cell lines to primary cardiomyocytes and to mature cardiac tissues in a systematic manner. METHODS AND RESULTS Cardiac cell lines (H9C2, AC16, HL-1) were differentiated with widely used protocols. Left ventricular tissue, neonatal primary cardiomyocytes, and human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes served as reference tissue or cells. RNA expression of cardiac markers (e.g. Tnnt2, Ryr2) was markedly lower in cell lines compared to references. Differentiation induced increase in cardiac- and decrease in embryonic markers however, the overall transcriptomic profile and annotation to relevant biological processes showed consistently less pronounced cardiac phenotype in all cell lines in comparison to the corresponding references. Immunocytochemistry confirmed low expressions of structural protein sarcomeric alpha-actinin, troponin I and caveolin-3 in cell lines. Susceptibility of cell lines to sI/R injury in terms of viability as well as mitochondrial polarization differed from the primary cells irrespective of their degree of differentiation. CONCLUSION Expression patterns of cardiomyocyte markers and whole transcriptomic profile, as well as response to sI/R, and to hypertrophic stimuli indicate low-to-moderate similarity of cell lines to primary cells/cardiac tissues regardless their differentiation. Low resemblance of cell lines to mature adult cardiac tissue limits their potential use. Low translational value should be taken into account while choosing a particular cell line to model cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsófia Onódi
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; HCEMM-SU Cardiometabolic Immunology Research Group, Budapest, Hungary; MTA-SE Momentum Cardio-Oncology and Cardioimmunology Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Visnovitz
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bernadett Kiss
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; MTA-SE System Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Szabolcs Hambalkó
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Koncz
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bence Ágg
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; MTA-SE System Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Barnabás Váradi
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Viktória É Tóth
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; HCEMM-SU Cardiometabolic Immunology Research Group, Budapest, Hungary; MTA-SE Momentum Cardio-Oncology and Cardioimmunology Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Regina N Nagy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; MTA-SE System Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás G Gergely
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; HCEMM-SU Cardiometabolic Immunology Research Group, Budapest, Hungary; MTA-SE Momentum Cardio-Oncology and Cardioimmunology Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dorottya Gergő
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; HCEMM-SU Cardiometabolic Immunology Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Makkos
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; MTA-SE System Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csilla Pelyhe
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nóra Varga
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Institute of Enzymology, Budapest, Hungary; ELKH-Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Institute of Enzymology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dóra Reé
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Institute of Enzymology, Budapest, Hungary; ELKH-Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Institute of Enzymology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ágota Apáti
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Institute of Enzymology, Budapest, Hungary; ELKH-Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Institute of Enzymology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Przemyslaw Leszek
- Department of Heart Failure and Transplantology, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński National Institute of Cardiology, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Tamás Kovács
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nándor Nagy
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Ferdinandy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; MTA-SE System Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Edit I Buzás
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; HCEMM-SU Extracellular Vesicle Research Group, Hungary; ELKH-SE Immune-Proteogenomics Extracellular Vesicle Research Group, Hungary
| | - Anikó Görbe
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; MTA-SE System Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Giricz
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; MTA-SE System Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltán V Varga
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; HCEMM-SU Cardiometabolic Immunology Research Group, Budapest, Hungary; MTA-SE Momentum Cardio-Oncology and Cardioimmunology Research Group, Budapest, Hungary.
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14
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Zhang K, Cloonan PE, Sundaram S, Liu F, Das SL, Ewoldt JK, Bays JL, Tomp S, Toepfer CN, Marsiglia JDC, Gorham J, Reichart D, Eyckmans J, Seidman JG, Seidman CE, Chen CS. Plakophilin-2 truncating variants impair cardiac contractility by disrupting sarcomere stability and organization. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabh3995. [PMID: 34652945 PMCID: PMC8519574 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abh3995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Progressive loss of cardiac systolic function in arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM) has recently gained attention as an important clinical consideration in managing the disease. However, the mechanisms leading to reduction in cardiac contractility are poorly defined. Here, we use CRISPR gene editing to generate human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) that harbor plakophilin-2 truncating variants (PKP2tv), the most prevalent ACM-linked mutations. The PKP2tv iPSC–derived cardiomyocytes are shown to have aberrant action potentials and reduced systolic function in cardiac microtissues, recapitulating both the electrical and mechanical pathologies reported in ACM. By combining cell micropatterning with traction force microscopy and live imaging, we found that PKP2tvs impair cardiac tissue contractility by destabilizing cell-cell junctions and in turn disrupting sarcomere stability and organization. These findings highlight the interplay between cell-cell adhesions and sarcomeres required for stabilizing cardiomyocyte structure and function and suggest fundamental pathogenic mechanisms that may be shared among different types of cardiomyopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kehan Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Paige E. Cloonan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Subramanian Sundaram
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Shoshana L. Das
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jourdan K. Ewoldt
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jennifer L. Bays
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Samuel Tomp
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Christopher N. Toepfer
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | | | - Joshua Gorham
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Daniel Reichart
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jeroen Eyckmans
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Christine E. Seidman
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Christopher S. Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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15
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Glycan characteristics of human heart constituent cells maintaining organ function: relatively stable glycan profiles in cellular senescence. Biogerontology 2021; 22:623-637. [PMID: 34637040 PMCID: PMC8566412 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-021-09940-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cell surface glycoproteins, which are good indicators of cellular types and biological function; are suited for cell evaluation. Tissue remodeling using various cells is a key feature of regenerative therapy. For artificial heart remodeling, a mixture of heart constituent cells has been investigated for organ assembly, however, the cellular characteristics remain unclear. In this study, the glycan profiles of human cardiomyocytes (HCMs), human cardiac fibroblasts (HCFs), and human vascular endothelial cells (ECs) were analyzed using evanescent-field lectin microarray analysis, a tool of glycan profiling, to clarify the required cellular characteristics. We found that ECs had more “α1-2fucose” and “core α1-6fucose” residues than other cells, and that “α2-6sialic acid” residue was more abundant in ECs and HCMs than in HCFs. HCFs showed higher abundance of “β-galactose” and “β-N-acetylgalactosamine” residues on N-glycan and O-glycan, respectively, compared to other cells. Interestingly, cardiac glycan profiles were insignificantly changed with cellular senescence. The residues identified in this study may participate in organ maintenance by contributing to the preservation of glycan components. Therefore, future studies should investigate the roles of glycans in optimal tissue remodeling since identifying cellular characteristics is important for the development of regenerative therapies.
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16
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Boheler KR, Meli AC, Yang HT. Special issue on recent progress with hPSC-derived cardiovascular cells for organoids, engineered myocardium, drug discovery, disease models, and therapy. Pflugers Arch 2021; 473:983-988. [PMID: 34131786 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-021-02594-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth R Boheler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| | - Albano C Meli
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, Montpellier, France.
| | - Huang-Tian Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment & Tumor, Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), CAS, Shanghai, 200031, People's Republic of China.
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy & Institute for Heart Failure and Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine and Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai, 200123, People's Republic of China.
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, CAS, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Hwang DG, Choi YM, Jang J. 3D Bioprinting-Based Vascularized Tissue Models Mimicking Tissue-Specific Architecture and Pathophysiology for in vitro Studies. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:685507. [PMID: 34136473 PMCID: PMC8201787 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.685507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A wide variety of experimental models including 2D cell cultures, model organisms, and 3D in vitro models have been developed to understand pathophysiological phenomena and assess the safety and efficacy of potential therapeutics. In this sense, 3D in vitro models are an intermediate between 2D cell cultures and animal models, as they adequately reproduce 3D microenvironments and human physiology while also being controllable and reproducible. Particularly, recent advances in 3D in vitro biomimicry models, which can produce complex cell structures, shapes, and arrangements, can more similarly reflect in vivo conditions than 2D cell culture. Based on this, 3D bioprinting technology, which enables to place the desired materials in the desired locations, has been introduced to fabricate tissue models with high structural similarity to the native tissues. Therefore, this review discusses the recent developments in this field and the key features of various types of 3D-bioprinted tissues, particularly those associated with blood vessels or highly vascularized organs, such as the heart, liver, and kidney. Moreover, this review also summarizes the current state of the three categories: (1) chemical substance treatment, (2) 3D bioprinting of lesions, and (3) recapitulation of tumor microenvironments (TME) of 3D bioprinting-based disease models according to their disease modeling approach. Finally, we propose the future directions of 3D bioprinting approaches for the creation of more advanced in vitro biomimetic 3D tissues, as well as the translation of 3D bioprinted tissue models to clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Gyu Hwang
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea
| | - Yoo-Mi Choi
- Department of Convergence IT Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea
| | - Jinah Jang
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea.,Department of Convergence IT Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea.,Institute of Convergence Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
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18
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Correia CR, Bjørge IM, Nadine S, Mano JF. Minimalist Tissue Engineering Approaches Using Low Material-Based Bioengineered Systems. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2002110. [PMID: 33709572 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202002110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
From an "over-engineering" era in which biomaterials played a central role, now it is observed to the emergence of "developmental" tissue engineering (TE) strategies which rely on an integrative cell-material perspective that paves the way for cell self-organization. The current challenge is to engineer the microenvironment without hampering the spontaneous collective arrangement ability of cells, while simultaneously providing biochemical, geometrical, and biophysical cues that positively influence tissue healing. These efforts have resulted in the development of low-material based TE strategies focused on minimizing the amount of biomaterial provided to the living key players of the regenerative process. Through a "minimalist-engineering" approach, the main idea is to fine-tune the spatial balance occupied by the inanimate region of the regenerative niche toward maximum actuation of the key living components during the healing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara R. Correia
- CICECO – Aveiro Institute of Materials Department of Chemistry University of Aveiro Campus Universitário de Santiago Aveiro 3810‐193 Portugal
| | - Isabel M. Bjørge
- CICECO – Aveiro Institute of Materials Department of Chemistry University of Aveiro Campus Universitário de Santiago Aveiro 3810‐193 Portugal
| | - Sara Nadine
- CICECO – Aveiro Institute of Materials Department of Chemistry University of Aveiro Campus Universitário de Santiago Aveiro 3810‐193 Portugal
| | - João F. Mano
- CICECO – Aveiro Institute of Materials Department of Chemistry University of Aveiro Campus Universitário de Santiago Aveiro 3810‐193 Portugal
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Jorba I, Mostert D, Hermans LH, van der Pol A, Kurniawan NA, Bouten CV. In Vitro Methods to Model Cardiac Mechanobiology in Health and Disease. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2021; 27:139-151. [PMID: 33514281 PMCID: PMC7984657 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2020.0342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro cardiac modeling has taken great strides in the past decade. While most cell and engineered tissue models have focused on cell and tissue contractile function as readouts, mechanobiological cues from the cell environment that affect this function, such as matrix stiffness or organization, are less well explored. In this study, we review two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) models of cardiac function that allow for systematic manipulation or precise control of mechanobiological cues under simulated (patho)physiological conditions while acquiring multiple readouts of cell and tissue function. We summarize the cell types used in these models and highlight the importance of linking 2D and 3D models to address the multiscale organization and mechanical behavior. Finally, we provide directions on how to advance in vitro modeling for cardiac mechanobiology using next generation hydrogels that mimic mechanical and structural environmental features at different length scales and diseased cell types, along with the development of new tissue fabrication and readout techniques. Impact statement Understanding the impact of mechanobiology in cardiac (patho)physiology is essential for developing effective tissue regeneration and drug discovery strategies and requires detailed cause-effect studies. The development of three-dimensional in vitro models allows for such studies with high experimental control, while integrating knowledge from complementary cell culture models and in vivo studies for this purpose. Complemented by the use of human-induced pluripotent stem cells, with or without predisposed genetic diseases, these in vitro models will offer promising outlooks to delineate the impact of mechanobiological cues on human cardiac (patho)physiology in a dish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignasi Jorba
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Dylan Mostert
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Leon H.L. Hermans
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Atze van der Pol
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Nicholas A. Kurniawan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Carlijn V.C. Bouten
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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Dariolli R, Campana C, Gutierrez A, Sobie EA. In vitro and In silico Models to Study SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Integrating Experimental and Computational Tools to Mimic "COVID-19 Cardiomyocyte". Front Physiol 2021; 12:624185. [PMID: 33679437 PMCID: PMC7925402 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.624185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid dissemination of SARS-CoV-2 has made COVID-19 a tremendous social, economic, and health burden. Despite the efforts to understand the virus and treat the disease, many questions remain unanswered about COVID-19 mechanisms of infection and progression. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) infection can affect several organs in the body including the heart, which can result in thromboembolism, myocardial injury, acute coronary syndromes, and arrhythmias. Numerous cardiac adverse events, from cardiomyocyte death to secondary effects caused by exaggerated immunological response against the virus, have been clinically reported. In addition to the disease itself, repurposing of treatments by using "off label" drugs can also contribute to cardiotoxicity. Over the past several decades, animal models and more recently, stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes have been proposed for studying diseases and testing treatments in vitro. In addition, mechanistic in silico models have been widely used for disease and drug studies. In these models, several characteristics such as gender, electrolyte imbalance, and comorbidities can be implemented to study pathophysiology of cardiac diseases and to predict cardiotoxicity of drug treatments. In this Mini Review, we (1) present the state of the art of in vitro and in silico cardiomyocyte modeling currently in use to study COVID-19, (2) review in vitro and in silico models that can be adopted to mimic the effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on cardiac function, and (3) provide a perspective on how to combine some of these models to mimic "COVID-19 cardiomyocytes environment.".
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Dariolli
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
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21
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Lippi M, Stadiotti I, Pompilio G, Sommariva E. Human Cell Modeling for Cardiovascular Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6388. [PMID: 32887493 PMCID: PMC7503257 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The availability of appropriate and reliable in vitro cell models recapitulating human cardiovascular diseases has been the aim of numerous researchers, in order to retrace pathologic phenotypes, elucidate molecular mechanisms, and discover therapies using simple and reproducible techniques. In the past years, several human cell types have been utilized for these goals, including heterologous systems, cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular primary cells, and embryonic stem cells. The introduction of induced pluripotent stem cells and their differentiation potential brought new prospects for large-scale cardiovascular experiments, bypassing ethical concerns of embryonic stem cells and providing an advanced tool for disease modeling, diagnosis, and therapy. Each model has its advantages and disadvantages in terms of accessibility, maintenance, throughput, physiological relevance, recapitulation of the disease. A higher level of complexity in diseases modeling has been achieved with multicellular co-cultures. Furthermore, the important progresses reached by bioengineering during the last years, together with the opportunities given by pluripotent stem cells, have allowed the generation of increasingly advanced in vitro three-dimensional tissue-like constructs mimicking in vivo physiology. This review provides an overview of the main cell models used in cardiovascular research, highlighting the pros and cons of each, and describing examples of practical applications in disease modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melania Lippi
- Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy; (M.L.); (I.S.); (G.P.)
| | - Ilaria Stadiotti
- Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy; (M.L.); (I.S.); (G.P.)
| | - Giulio Pompilio
- Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy; (M.L.); (I.S.); (G.P.)
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Sommariva
- Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy; (M.L.); (I.S.); (G.P.)
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22
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Araldi RP, Khalil C, Grignet PH, Teixeira MR, de Melo TC, Módolo DG, Fernandes LGV, Ruiz J, de Souza EB. Medical applications of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR/Cas) tool: A comprehensive overview. Gene 2020; 745:144636. [PMID: 32244056 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Since the discovery of the double helix and the introduction of genetic engineering, the possibility to develop new strategies to manipulate the genome has fascinated scientists around the world. Currently scientists have the knowledge andabilitytoedit the genomes. Several methodologies of gene editing have been established, all of them working like "scissor", creating double strand breaks at specific spots. The introduction of a new technology, which was adapted from the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas bacterial immune system, has revolutionized the genetic therapy field, as it allows a much more precise editing of gene than the previously described tools and, therefore, to prevent and treat disease in humans. This review aims to revisit the genome editing history that led to the rediscovery of the CRISPR/Cas technology and to explore the technical aspects, applications and perspectives of this fascinating, powerful, precise, simpler and cheaper technology in different fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Pinheiro Araldi
- Genetic Bases of Thyroid Tumors Laboratory, Department of Morphology and Genetics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Biociências, Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana (UNILA), Foz do Iguaçu, PR, Brazil.
| | - Charbel Khalil
- Reviva Research and Application Center- Lebanese University, Middle East Institute of Health University Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Pedro Henrique Grignet
- Instituto Latino-Americano de Ciências da Vida e da Natureza (ILACVN), Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana (UNILA), Foz do Iguaçu, PR, Brazil
| | - Michelli Ramires Teixeira
- Instituto Latino-Americano de Ciências da Vida e da Natureza (ILACVN), Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana (UNILA), Foz do Iguaçu, PR, Brazil
| | - Thatiana Correa de Melo
- Instituto Latino-Americano de Ciências da Vida e da Natureza (ILACVN), Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana (UNILA), Foz do Iguaçu, PR, Brazil
| | | | | | - Jorge Ruiz
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biociências, Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana (UNILA), Foz do Iguaçu, PR, Brazil; Instituto Latino-Americano de Ciências da Vida e da Natureza (ILACVN), Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana (UNILA), Foz do Iguaçu, PR, Brazil
| | - Edislane Barreiros de Souza
- Laboratory of Genetics, Molecular Biology and Mutagenesis, Faculdade de Ciências e Letras de Assis, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Assis, SP, Brazil
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Gaetani R, Zizzi EA, Deriu MA, Morbiducci U, Pesce M, Messina E. When Stiffness Matters: Mechanosensing in Heart Development and Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:334. [PMID: 32671058 PMCID: PMC7326078 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
During embryonic morphogenesis, the heart undergoes a complex series of cellular phenotypic maturations (e.g., transition of myocytes from proliferative to quiescent or maturation of the contractile apparatus), and this involves stiffening of the extracellular matrix (ECM) acting in concert with morphogenetic signals. The maladaptive remodeling of the myocardium, one of the processes involved in determination of heart failure, also involves mechanical cues, with a progressive stiffening of the tissue that produces cellular mechanical damage, inflammation, and ultimately myocardial fibrosis. The assessment of the biomechanical dependence of the molecular machinery (in myocardial and non-myocardial cells) is therefore essential to contextualize the maturation of the cardiac tissue at early stages and understand its pathologic evolution in aging. Because systems to perform multiscale modeling of cellular and tissue mechanics have been developed, it appears particularly novel to design integrated mechano-molecular models of heart development and disease to be tested in ex vivo reconstituted cells/tissue-mimicking conditions. In the present contribution, we will discuss the latest implication of mechanosensing in heart development and pathology, describe the most recent models of cell/tissue mechanics, and delineate novel strategies to target the consequences of heart failure with personalized approaches based on tissue engineering and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Gaetani
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Department of Bioengineering, Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Eric Adriano Zizzi
- PolitoBIOMed Lab, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Marco Agostino Deriu
- PolitoBIOMed Lab, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Umberto Morbiducci
- PolitoBIOMed Lab, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Maurizio Pesce
- Tissue Engineering Research Unit, "Centro Cardiologico Monzino," IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Messina
- Department of Maternal, Infantile, and Urological Sciences, "Umberto I" Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Dental Composition Modified with Aryloxyphosphazene Containing Carboxyl Groups. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12051176. [PMID: 32443901 PMCID: PMC7285235 DOI: 10.3390/polym12051176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A modifier consisting of the mixture of cyclotriphosphazenes containing 4-allyl-2-methoxyphenoxy and β-carboxyethenylphenoxy moieties was developed for administration with acrylate dental restorative compositions. The synthesized compounds were characterized by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. The optimal conditions to combine the modifier with the starting dental mixture consisting of bis-GMA and TGM-3 were revealed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) method. Properties of the cured modified compositions were evaluated for the compliance with requirements of ISO 4049:2019. It was found that these compositions possess the increased adhesion to dental tissues and cure depth and the decreased water sorption and water solubility. The values of elastic modules, destructive compressive stress and microhardness were also increasing along with the increased content of the modifier in the composition.
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25
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Häseli S, Deubel S, Jung T, Grune T, Ott C. Cardiomyocyte Contractility and Autophagy in a Premature Senescence Model of Cardiac Aging. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:8141307. [PMID: 32377307 PMCID: PMC7180990 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8141307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Globally, cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in the aging population. While the clinical pathology of the aging heart is thoroughly characterized, underlying molecular mechanisms are still insufficiently clarified. The aim of the present study was to establish an in vitro model system of cardiomyocyte premature senescence, culturing heart muscle cells derived from neonatal C57Bl/6J mice for 21 days. Premature senescence of neonatal cardiac myocytes was induced by prolonged culture time in an oxygen-rich postnatal environment. Age-related changes in cellular function were determined by senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity, increasing presence of cell cycle regulators, such as p16, p53, and p21, accumulation of protein aggregates, and restricted proteolysis in terms of decreasing (macro-)autophagy. Furthermore, the culture system was functionally characterized for alterations in cell morphology and contractility. An increase in cellular size associated with induced expression of atrial natriuretic peptides demonstrated a stress-induced hypertrophic phenotype in neonatal cardiomyocytes. Using the recently developed analytical software tool Myocyter, we were able to show a spatiotemporal constraint in spontaneous contraction behavior during cultivation. Within the present study, the 21-day culture of neonatal cardiomyocytes was defined as a functional model system of premature cardiac senescence to study age-related changes in cardiomyocyte contractility and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Häseli
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke (DIfE), Nuthetal 14558, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin 13357, Germany
| | - Stefanie Deubel
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke (DIfE), Nuthetal 14558, Germany
| | - Tobias Jung
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke (DIfE), Nuthetal 14558, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin 13357, Germany
| | - Tilman Grune
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke (DIfE), Nuthetal 14558, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin 13357, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg 85764, Germany
- NutriAct-Competence Cluster Nutrition Research Berlin-Potsdam, Nuthetal 14558, Germany
- University of Potsdam, Institute of Nutrition, Nuthetal 14588, Germany
| | - Christiane Ott
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke (DIfE), Nuthetal 14558, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin 13357, Germany
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27
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Do J, McKinney C, Sharma P, Sidransky E. Glucocerebrosidase and its relevance to Parkinson disease. Mol Neurodegener 2019; 14:36. [PMID: 31464647 PMCID: PMC6716912 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-019-0336-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in GBA1, the gene encoding the lysosomal enzyme glucocerebrosidase, are among the most common known genetic risk factors for the development of Parkinson disease and related synucleinopathies. A great deal is known about GBA1, as mutations in GBA1 are causal for the rare autosomal storage disorder Gaucher disease. Over the past decades, significant progress has been made in understanding the genetics and cell biology of glucocerebrosidase. A least 495 different mutations, found throughout the 11 exons of the gene are reported, including both common and rare variants. Mutations in GBA1 may lead to degradation of the protein, disruptions in lysosomal targeting and diminished performance of the enzyme in the lysosome. Gaucher disease is phenotypically diverse and has both neuronopathic and non-neuronopathic forms. Both patients with Gaucher disease and heterozygous carriers are at increased risk of developing Parkinson disease and Dementia with Lewy Bodies, although our understanding of the mechanism for this association remains incomplete. There appears to be an inverse relationship between glucocerebrosidase and α-synuclein levels, and even patients with sporadic Parkinson disease have decreased glucocerebrosidase. Glucocerebrosidase may interact with α-synuclein to maintain basic cellular functions, or impaired glucocerebrosidase could contribute to Parkinson pathogenesis by disrupting lysosomal homeostasis, enhancing endoplasmic reticulum stress or contributing to mitochondrial impairment. However, the majority of patients with GBA1 mutations never develop parkinsonism, so clearly other risk factors play a role. Treatments for Gaucher disease have been developed that increase visceral glucocerebrosidase levels and decrease lipid storage, although they have yet to properly address the neurological defects associated with impaired glucocerebrosidase. Mouse and induced pluripotent stem cell derived models have improved our understanding of glucocerebrosidase function and the consequences of its deficiency. These models have been used to test novel therapies including chaperone proteins, histone deacetylase inhibitors, and gene therapy approaches that enhance glucocerebrosidase levels and could prove efficacious in the treatment of forms of parkinsonism. Consequently, this rare monogenic disorder, Gaucher disease, provides unique insights directly applicable to our understanding and treatment of Parkinson disease, a common and complex neurodegenerative disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Do
- Section on Molecular Neurogenetics, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 35A, Room 1E623, 35 Convent Drive, MSC 3708, Bethesda, MD, 20892-3708, USA
| | - Cindy McKinney
- Section on Molecular Neurogenetics, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 35A, Room 1E623, 35 Convent Drive, MSC 3708, Bethesda, MD, 20892-3708, USA
| | - Pankaj Sharma
- Section on Molecular Neurogenetics, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 35A, Room 1E623, 35 Convent Drive, MSC 3708, Bethesda, MD, 20892-3708, USA
| | - Ellen Sidransky
- Section on Molecular Neurogenetics, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 35A, Room 1E623, 35 Convent Drive, MSC 3708, Bethesda, MD, 20892-3708, USA.
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28
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Fujita J, Tohyama S, Kishino Y, Okada M, Morita Y. Concise Review: Genetic and Epigenetic Regulation of Cardiac Differentiation from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. Stem Cells 2019; 37:992-1002. [PMID: 31021504 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), including both embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells, are the ideal cell sources for disease modeling, drug discovery, and regenerative medicine. In particular, regenerative therapy with hPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (CMs) is an unmet medical need for the treatment of severe heart failure. Cardiac differentiation protocols from hPSCs are made on the basis of cardiac development in vivo. However, current protocols have yet to yield 100% pure CMs, and their maturity is low. Cardiac development is regulated by the cardiac gene network, including transcription factors (TFs). According to our current understanding of cardiac development, cardiac TFs are sequentially expressed during cardiac commitment in hPSCs. Expression levels of each gene are strictly regulated by epigenetic modifications. DNA methylation, histone modification, and noncoding RNAs significantly influence cardiac differentiation. These complex circuits of genetic and epigenetic factors dynamically affect protein expression and metabolic changes in cardiac differentiation and maturation. Here, we review cardiac differentiation protocols and their molecular machinery, closing with a discussion of the future challenges for producing hPSC-derived CMs. Stem Cells 2019;37:992-1002.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Fujita
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shugo Tohyama
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Kishino
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Marina Okada
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuika Morita
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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