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Devi B, Jangid K, Kumar V, Arora T, Kumar N, Dwivedi AR, Parkash J, Kumar V. Phenylstyrylpyrimidine derivatives as potential multipotent therapeutics for Alzheimer's disease. RSC Med Chem 2024; 15:2922-2936. [PMID: 39149109 PMCID: PMC11324047 DOI: 10.1039/d4md00277f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial neurological disorder that affects millions of people worldwide. Despite extensive research efforts, there are currently no effective disease-modifying therapeutics available for the complete cure of AD. In the current study, we have designed and synthesized a series of phenyl-styryl-pyrimidine derivatives as potential multifunctional agents against different targets of AD. The compounds were evaluated for their ability to inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE), monoamine oxidase (MAO) and β amyloid aggregation which are associated with the initiation and progression of the disease. Several compounds in the series exhibited potent inhibitory activity against AChE and MAO-B, with IC50 values in the low micromolar range. In particular, two compounds, BV-12 and BV-14, were found to exhibit a multipotent profile and showed non-competitive inhibition against MAO-B with IC50 values of 4.93 ± 0.38 & 7.265 ± 0.82 μM, respectively and AChE inhibition with IC50 values of 7.265 and 9.291 μM, respectively. BV-12 and BV-14 also displayed β amyloid self-aggregation inhibition of 32.98% and 23.25%, respectively. Furthermore, molecular modelling studies revealed that BV-14 displayed a docking score of -11.20 kcal mol-1 with MAO-B & -6.767 kcal mol-1 with AChE, forming a stable complex with both proteins. It was concluded that phenyl-styryl-pyrimidine derivatives have the potential to be developed as multitarget directed ligands for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharti Devi
- Laboratory of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab Bathinda Punjab-151401 India
| | - Kailash Jangid
- Laboratory of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab Bathinda Punjab-151401 India
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab Bathinda-151401 India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Laboratory of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab Bathinda Punjab-151401 India
| | - Tania Arora
- Department of Zoology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab Bathinda-151401 India
| | - Naveen Kumar
- Laboratory of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab Bathinda Punjab-151401 India
| | - Ashish Ranjan Dwivedi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab Bathinda-151401 India
- Gitam School of Pharmacy Hyderabad Telangana 502329 India
| | - Jyoti Parkash
- Department of Zoology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab Bathinda-151401 India
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Laboratory of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab Bathinda Punjab-151401 India
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Babu A, Sunil K, Sajith AM, Reddy EK, Santra S, Zyryanov GV, Venkatesh T, Bhadrachari S, Nibin Joy M. NMI-SO 2Cl 2-Mediated Amide Bond Formation: Facile Synthesis of Some Dihydrotriazolopyrimidine Amide Derivatives as Potential Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Tubercular Agents. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:548. [PMID: 38794119 PMCID: PMC11123900 DOI: 10.3390/ph17050548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Facile access to some novel biologically relevant dihydrotriazolopyrimidine carboxylic acid-derived amide analogues using NMI/SO2Cl2, and aromatic and aliphatic primary and secondary amines, is reported herein. The role of N-methylimidazole (NMI) as the base and sulfuryl chloride (SO2Cl2) as the coupling reagent has been effectively realized in accessing these molecules in good to excellent yields. The feasibility of the developed protocol has also been extended to the gram-scale synthesis of N-benzylbenzamide in a 75% yield from benzoic acid and benzyl amine. The newly synthesized compounds were tested via in vitro anti-inflammatory and anti-tubercular activity studies. The compounds 6aa and 6be were found to be the most active anti-inflammatory agents, whereas 6cb and 6ch were found to exhibit promising anti-tubercular potency when compared to other synthesized molecules. The structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies revealed the importance of the presence of electron-donating functionalities in enhancing the anti-inflammatory potential of the newly synthesized molecules. However, the presence of electron-withdrawing substituents was found to be significant for improving their anti-tubercular potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aravinda Babu
- Department of Chemistry, SSIT, Sri Siddhartha Academy of Higher Education, Tumkur 572107, Karnataka, India; (A.B.); (K.S.); (A.M.S.)
| | - Kenchaiah Sunil
- Department of Chemistry, SSIT, Sri Siddhartha Academy of Higher Education, Tumkur 572107, Karnataka, India; (A.B.); (K.S.); (A.M.S.)
| | - Ayyiliath Meleveetil Sajith
- Department of Chemistry, SSIT, Sri Siddhartha Academy of Higher Education, Tumkur 572107, Karnataka, India; (A.B.); (K.S.); (A.M.S.)
| | - Eeda Koti Reddy
- Department of Chemistry, Vignan’s Foundation for Science, Technology and Research—VFSTR (Deemed to be University), Vadlamudi, Guntur 522213, Andhra Pradesh, India;
| | - Sougata Santra
- Laboratory of Organic Synthesis, Institute of Chemical Technology, Ural Federal University, 19 Mira Street, Yekaterinburg 620002, Russia; (S.S.); (G.V.Z.)
| | - Grigory V. Zyryanov
- Laboratory of Organic Synthesis, Institute of Chemical Technology, Ural Federal University, 19 Mira Street, Yekaterinburg 620002, Russia; (S.S.); (G.V.Z.)
- I. Ya. Postovskiy Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 22 S. Kovalevskoy Street, Yekaterinburg 620219, Russia
| | - Talavara Venkatesh
- Department of P.G Studies and Research in Chemistry, Kuvempu University, Jnana Sahyadri, Shankaraghatta, Shimoga 577451, Karnataka, India;
| | - Somashekara Bhadrachari
- Department of Chemistry, Smt. Indira Gandhi Government First Grade Women’s College, Sagar 577401, Karnataka, India;
| | - Muthipeedika Nibin Joy
- Laboratory of Organic Synthesis, Institute of Chemical Technology, Ural Federal University, 19 Mira Street, Yekaterinburg 620002, Russia; (S.S.); (G.V.Z.)
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Abdelkhalek AS, Attia MS, Kamal MA. Triazolopyrimidine Derivatives: An Updated Review on Recent Advances in Synthesis, Biological Activities and Drug Delivery Aspects. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:1896-1919. [PMID: 36852819 DOI: 10.2174/0929867330666230228120416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Molecules containing triazolopyrimidine core showed diverse biological activities, including anti-Alzheimer's, anti-diabetes, anti-cancer, anti-microbial, anti-tuberculosis, anti-viral, anti-malarial, anti-inflammatory, anti-parkinsonism, and anti-glaucoma activities. Triazolopyrimidines have 8 isomeric structures, including the most stable 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5- a] pyrimidine ones. Triazolopyrimidines were obtained by using various chemical reactions, including a) 1,2,4-triazole nucleus annulation to pyrimidine, b) pyrimidines annulation to 1,2,4-triazole structure, c) 1,2,4-triazolo[l,5-a] pyrimidines rearrangement, and d) pyrimidotetrazine rearrangement. This review discusses synthetic methods, recent pharmacological actions and drug delivery perspectives of triazolopyrimidines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed S Abdelkhalek
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Mohamed S Attia
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Mohammad A Kamal
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Birulia, Bangladesh
- Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Enzymoics, 7 Peterlee Place, Hebersham, NSW, 2770, Australia
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Tok F, Sağlık BN, Özkay Y, Kaplancıklı ZA, Koçyiğit-Kaymakçıoğlu B. Design, synthesis, biological activity evaluation and in silico studies of new nicotinohydrazide derivatives as multi-targeted inhibitors for Alzheimer's disease. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Sivaraman B, Raji V, Velmurugan BA, Natarajan R. Acetylcholinesterase Enzyme Inhibitor Molecules with Therapeutic Potential for Alzheimer's Disease. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2022; 21:427-449. [PMID: 34602041 DOI: 10.2174/1871527320666210928160159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Acetylcholinesterase (AchE), hydrolase enzyme, regulates the hydrolysis of acetylcholine neurotransmitter in the neurons. AchE is found majorly in the central nervous system at the site of cholinergic neurotransmission. It is involved in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's diseasecausing dementia, cognitive impairment, behavioral and psychological symptoms. Recent findings involved the inhibition of AchE that could aid in the treatment of Alzheimer's. Many drugs of different classes are being analyzed in the clinical trials and examined for their potency. Drugs that are used in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease are donepezil, galantamine, tacrine, rivastigmine showing major adverse effects. To overcome this, researchers work on novel drugs to elicit inhibition. This review comprises many hybrids and non-hybrid forms of heteroaromatic and nonheteroaromatic compounds that were designed and evaluated for AchE inhibition by Ellman's method of assay. These novel compounds may assist future perspectives in the discovery of novel moieties against Alzheimer's disease by the inhibition of AchE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhuvaneswari Sivaraman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, C.L. Baid Metha College of Pharmacy, Thoraipakkam, Chennai-97, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Vijaykumar Raji
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, C.L. Baid Metha College of Pharmacy, Thoraipakkam, Chennai-97, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Bala Aakash Velmurugan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, C.L. Baid Metha College of Pharmacy, Thoraipakkam, Chennai-97, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Ramalakshmi Natarajan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, C.L. Baid Metha College of Pharmacy, Thoraipakkam, Chennai-97, Tamilnadu, India
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Prasanna CAL, Sharma A. Pharmacological exploration of triazole based therapeutics for Alzheimer disease: An overview. Curr Drug Targets 2022; 23:933-953. [DOI: 10.2174/1389450123666220328153741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:
Alzheimer`s disease (AD) is an irreversible progressive neurodegenerative disorder which may account for approximately 60-70% cases of dementia worldwide. AD is characterized by impaired behavioural and cognitive functions including memory, language, conception, attentiveness, judgment, and reasoning problems. The two important hallmarks of AD are the appearance of plaques and tangles of amyloid beta (Aβ) and tau proteins, respectively, in the brain based on the etiology of the disease including cholinergic impairment, metal dyshomeostasis, oxidative stress, and degradation of neurotransmitters. Currently, the used medication only provides alleviation of symptoms but not effective in curing the disease that is creating by an urge to develop new molecules to treat AD. Heterocyclic compounds have proven their ability to be developed as drugs for the treatment of various diseases. The five-membered heterocyclic compound triazole has received foremost fascination for the discovery of new drugs due to the possibility of structural variation and proved its significance in various drug categories. Therefore, this review summarizes mainly the recent advancements in the development of novel 1,2,3-triazole and 1,2,4-triazole based molecules in the drug discovery process for targeting various AD targets such as phosphodiesterase 1 (PDE1) Inhibitors, Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) inhibitors, Somatostatin receptor subtype-4 (SSTR4) agonist, many other druggable targets, molecular modelling studies as well as various methodology for the synthesis of triazoles containing molecules such as Click reaction, Pellizzari and Einhorn-Brunner Reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abha Sharma
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli, India
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Madhav H, Jameel E, Rehan M, Hoda N. Recent advancements in chromone as a privileged scaffold towards the development of small molecules for neurodegenerative therapeutics. RSC Med Chem 2022; 13:258-279. [PMID: 35434628 PMCID: PMC8942243 DOI: 10.1039/d1md00394a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders, i.e., Alzheimer's or Parkinson's disease, involve progressive degeneration of the central nervous system, resulting in memory loss and cognitive impairment. The intensification of neurodegenerative research in recent years put some molecules into clinical trials, but still there is an urgent need to develop effective therapeutic molecules to combat these diseases. Chromone is a well-identified privileged structure for the design of well-diversified therapeutic molecules of potential pharmacological interest, particularly in the field of neurodegeneration. In this short review, we focused on the recent advancements and developments of chromones for neurodegenerative therapeutics. Different small molecules were reviewed as multi-target-directed ligands (MTDLs) with potential inhibition of AChE, BuChE, MAO-A, MAO-B, Aβ plaque formation and aggregation. Recently developed MTDLs emphasized that the chromone scaffold has the potential to develop new molecules for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hari Madhav
- Drug Design and Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia IslamiaNew Delhi110025India
| | - Ehtesham Jameel
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouPR China
| | - Mohammad Rehan
- Max-Planck-Institute für Molekulare Physiologie, Abteilung Chemische BiologieOtto-Hahn-Straße 1144227 DortmundGermany
| | - Nasimul Hoda
- Drug Design and Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia IslamiaNew Delhi110025India
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8
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Jia Z, Wen H, Huang S, Luo Y, Gao J, Wang R, Wan K, Xue W. “Click” assembly of novel dual inhibitors of AChE and MAO-B from pyridoxine derivatives for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. HETEROCYCL COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/hc-2022-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
This study fast synthesizes numerous functionalized pyridoxines using click chemistry and assayed in vitro as inhibitors of the acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase, and two monoamine oxidase (MAO) isoforms, MAO-A and MAO-B. Most of the obtained compounds demonstrate good AChE and selective MAO-B inhibitory activities in the micromolar range, especially one compound, called 4k5, exhibits excellent inhibitory performance against AChE (IC50 = 0.0816 ± 0.075 μM) and MAO-B (IC50 = 0.039 ± 0.003 μM). Finally, a docking study is carried out, demonstrating potential binding orientations and interactions of the compounds in terms of the AChE and MAO-B active sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Jia
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University , Xi’an , 710069 , People’s Republic of China
- Shangluo University, Shangluo , Shaanxi , 726000 , People’s Republic of China
| | - Huiyun Wen
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University , Xi’an , 710069 , People’s Republic of China
| | - Saipeng Huang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University , Xi’an , 710069 , People’s Republic of China
| | - Yane Luo
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University , Xi’an 710069 , People’s Republic of China
| | - Juanjuan Gao
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University , Xi’an , 710069 , People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruijie Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University , Xi’an , 710069 , People’s Republic of China
| | - Kaikai Wan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University , Xi’an , 710069 , People’s Republic of China
| | - Weiming Xue
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University , Xi’an , 710069 , People’s Republic of China
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Reddy MVK, Rao KY, Anusha G, Kumar GM, Damu AG, Reddy KR, Shetti NP, Aminabhavi TM, Reddy PVG. In-vitro evaluation of antioxidant and anticholinesterase activities of novel pyridine, quinoxaline and s-triazine derivatives. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 199:111320. [PMID: 33991570 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cholinesterase enzymes such as acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) cause hydrolysis of acetylcholine (ACh), a neurotransmitter responsible for the cognitive functions of the brain such as acquiring knowledge and comprehension. Therefore, inhibition of these enzymes is an effective process to curb the progressive and fatal neurological Alzheimer's disease (AD). Herein, we explored the potential inhibitory activities of various pyridine, quinoxaline, and triazine derivatives (3a-k, 6a-j and 11a-h) against AChE and BuChE enzymes by following the modified Ellman's method. Further, anti-oxidant property of these libraries was monitored using DPPH (2,2'-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazylhydrate) radical scavenging analysis. From the studies, we identified that compounds 6e, 6f, 11b and 11f behaved as selective AChE inhibitors with IC50 values ranging from 7.23 to 10.35 μM. Further studies revealed good anti-oxidant activity by these compounds with IC50 values in the range of 14.80-27.22 μM. The kinetic studies of the active analogues demonstrated mixed-type of inhibition due to their interaction with both the catalytic active sites (CAS) and peripheral anionic sites (PAS) of the AChE. Additionally, molecular simulation in association with fluorescence and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopic analyses explained strong affinities of inhibitors to bind with AChE enzyme at the physiological pH of 7.2. Binding constant values of 5.4 × 104, 4.3 × 104, 3.2 × 104 and 4.9 × 104 M-1 corresponding to free energy changes -5.593, -6.799, -6.605 and -8.104 KcalM-1 were obtained at 25 °C from fluorescence emission spectroscopic studies of 6e, 6f, 11b and 11f, respectively. Besides, CD spectroscopy deliberately explained the secondary structure of AChE partly unfolded upon binding with these dynamic molecules. Excellent in vitro profiles of distinct quinoxaline and triazine compounds highlighted them as the potential leads compared to pyridine derivatives, suggesting a path towards developing preventive or therapeutic targets to treat the Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M V K Reddy
- Department of Chemistry, Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry Laboratories, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa, 516005, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - K Y Rao
- Department of Chemistry, Natural Products Laboratories, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa, 516005, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - G Anusha
- Department of Chemistry, Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry Laboratories, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa, 516005, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - G M Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa, 516005, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - A G Damu
- Department of Chemistry, Natural Products Laboratories, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa, 516005, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Kakarla Raghava Reddy
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Nagaraj P Shetti
- School of Advanced Sciences, KLE Technological University, Vidyanagar, Hubballi, 580031, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Peddiahgari Vasu Govardhana Reddy
- Department of Chemistry, Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry Laboratories, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa, 516005, Andhra Pradesh, India.
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De Boer D, Nguyen N, Mao J, Moore J, Sorin EJ. A Comprehensive Review of Cholinesterase Modeling and Simulation. Biomolecules 2021; 11:580. [PMID: 33920972 PMCID: PMC8071298 DOI: 10.3390/biom11040580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The present article reviews published efforts to study acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase structure and function using computer-based modeling and simulation techniques. Structures and models of both enzymes from various organisms, including rays, mice, and humans, are discussed to highlight key structural similarities in the active site gorges of the two enzymes, such as flexibility, binding site location, and function, as well as differences, such as gorge volume and binding site residue composition. Catalytic studies are also described, with an emphasis on the mechanism of acetylcholine hydrolysis by each enzyme and novel mutants that increase catalytic efficiency. The inhibitory activities of myriad compounds have been computationally assessed, primarily through Monte Carlo-based docking calculations and molecular dynamics simulations. Pharmaceutical compounds examined herein include FDA-approved therapeutics and their derivatives, as well as several other prescription drug derivatives. Cholinesterase interactions with both narcotics and organophosphate compounds are discussed, with the latter focusing primarily on molecular recognition studies of potential therapeutic value and on improving our understanding of the reactivation of cholinesterases that are bound to toxins. This review also explores the inhibitory properties of several other organic and biological moieties, as well as advancements in virtual screening methodologies with respect to these enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danna De Boer
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, California State University, Long Beach, CA 90840, USA;
| | - Nguyet Nguyen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, California State University, Long Beach, CA 90840, USA; (N.N.); (J.M.)
| | - Jia Mao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, California State University, Long Beach, CA 90840, USA; (N.N.); (J.M.)
| | - Jessica Moore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, California State University, Long Beach, CA 90840, USA;
| | - Eric J. Sorin
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, California State University, Long Beach, CA 90840, USA;
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Keshk RM, Izzularab BM. Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Cyanopyridines, Pyridopyrazolopyrimidines and Pyridopyrazolotriazines as Potential Anticancer Agents. Curr Org Synth 2020; 18:483-492. [PMID: 33372879 DOI: 10.2174/1570179417666201229163045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The continuous need for new anticancer drugs is never-ending task due to cancer resistance to the existing drugs. OBJECTIVE This article aimed to design, synthesis, characterization, and anticancer evaluation of cyanopyridines, pyridopyrazolopyrimidines and pyridopyrazolotriazines. METHODS Anticancer activity of the synthesized compounds was determined using MTT assay against three cancer cell lines, namely liver cancer cell line (HepG-2), pancreatic cancer cell line (PANC-1), non-small lung cancer cell line (A-549) and normal fibroblast. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION A series of 3-cyanopyridines (2a,b, 4, 5, 9), pyridopyrimidine (10), pyridopyrazolopyrimidines (11a-c, 12a,b, 18), pyrazolopyridine salt (13) and pyridopyrazolotriazines (16a,b) were synthesized from 3-cyano-4,6-dimethyl-2-pyridone. The synthesized compounds were evaluated in vitro for their anticancer activity and their chemical structures were determined by elemental analysis and spectroscopic data. CONCLUSION Some of the synthesized compounds showed remarkable anticancer activities, especially 11a exhibited superior potency to the reference drug cisplatin against A-549 (IC50 = 9.24 μg mL-1 compared to 11.76 μg mL-1 for reference drug) and was found to be safe (IC50 = 66 μg mL-1) for normal fibroblast. Furthermore, compound 16a displayed the highest activity among the tested compounds against HepG-2 (IC50 = 6.45 μg mL-1 equipotent to cisplatin) with the highest safety profile for normal fibroblast (IC50=113.97 μg mL-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Reda Mohammed Keshk
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt
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12
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Singh A, Kalamuddin M, Maqbool M, Mohmmed A, Malhotra P, Hoda N. Quinoline carboxamide core moiety-based compounds inhibit P. falciparumfalcipain-2: Design, synthesis and antimalarial efficacy studies. Bioorg Chem 2020; 108:104514. [PMID: 33280833 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Targeting Falcipain-2 (FP2) for the development of antimalarials is a promising and established concept in antimalarial drug discovery and development. FP2, a member of papain-family cysteine protease of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum holds an important role in hemoglobin degradation pathway. A new series of quinoline carboxamide-based compounds was designed, synthesized and evaluated for antimalarial activity. We integrated molecular hybridization strategy with in-silico drug design to develop FP2 inhibitors. In-vitro results of FP2 inhibition by Qs17, Qs18, Qs20 and Qs21 were found to be in low micromolar range with IC50 4.78, 7.37, 2.14 and 2.64 µM, respectively. Among the 25 synthesized compounds, four compounds showed significant antimalarial activities. These compounds also depicted morphological and food-vacuole abnormalities much better than that of E-64, an established FP2 inhibitor. Overall these aromatic substituted quinoline carboxamides can serve as promising leads for the development of novel antimalarial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anju Singh
- Drug Design and Synthesis Lab., Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Md Kalamuddin
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Mudasir Maqbool
- Drug Design and Synthesis Lab., Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Asif Mohmmed
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Pawan Malhotra
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India.
| | - Nasimul Hoda
- Drug Design and Synthesis Lab., Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India.
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Gungor O, Kurtar SNK, Kose M. Water soluble biguanide salts and their 1,3,5-triazine derivatives as inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase and α-glucosidase. Z KRIST-CRYST MATER 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/zkri-2020-0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Seven biguanide derivatives were prepared by the nucleophilic reaction between dicyandiamide and p-substitute aniline derivatives or memantine or adamantine under acidic conditions. The cyclization of the biguanide compounds were also conducted via acetone to give 1,3,5-triazine derivatives. The structures of the synthesized compounds were characterized by analytical methods. The solid state structures of [HL5]Cl, [H2L7]Cl2, [HL1a]Cl and [HL5a]Cl were investigated by X-ray diffraction study. The acetylcholinesterase and α-glucosidase inhibitor properties of the compounds were then evaluated by the spectroscopic method. The compounds were found to show considerable acetylcholinesterase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities compared to the approved drugs. The cyclization of biguanide derivatives with acetone did not affect inhibition of acetylcholinesterase, yet increased the α-glucosidase inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozge Gungor
- Chemistry Department , Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University , Kahramanmaras , 46050 , Turkey
| | - Seda Nur Kertmen Kurtar
- Material Science and Engineering Department , Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University , Kahramanmaras , 46050 , Turkey
| | - Muhammet Kose
- Chemistry Department , Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University , Kahramanmaras , 46050 , Turkey
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Kamal R, Kumar R, Kumar V, Bhardwaj JK, Saraf P, Kumar A, Pandit K, Kaur S, Chetti P, Beura S. Diacetoxy iodobenzene mediated regioselective synthesis and characterization of novel [1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyrimidines: apoptosis inducer, antiproliferative activities and molecular docking studies. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 39:4398-4414. [PMID: 32552396 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1777900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Prompt and regioselective synthesis of eleven novel [1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyrimidines 2a-2k, via intramolecular oxidative-cyclization of 2-(2-arylidenehydrazinyl)-4-methyl-6-phenylpyrimidine derivatives 1a-1k has been demonstrated here using diacetoxy iodobenzene (DIB) as inexpensive and ecofriendly hypervalent iodine(III) reagent in CH2Cl2 at room temperature. Regiochemistry of final product has been established by developing single crystal and studied X-ray crystallographic data for two derivatives 2c and 2h without any ambiguity. These prominent [1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyrimidines were evaluated for human osteosarcoma bone cancer (MG-63) and breast cancer (MCF-7) cell lines using MTT assay to find potent antiproliferative agent and also on testicular germ cells to find potent apoptotic inducing activities. All compounds show significant cytotoxicity, particularly 3-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-7-phenyl-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyrimidine (2g) was found significant apoptotic inducing molecule, as well as the most potent cytotoxic agent against bone cancer (MG-63) and breast cancer (MCF-7) cell lines with GI50 value 148.96 µM and 114.3 µM respectively. Molecular docking studies has been carried out to see the molecular interactions of synthesized compounds with the protein thymidylate synthase (PBD ID: 2G8D).Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Kamal
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
| | - Ravinder Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
| | - Vipan Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
| | | | - Priyanka Saraf
- Department of Zoology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Department of Botanical & Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Kritika Pandit
- Department of Botanical & Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Satwinderjeet Kaur
- Department of Botanical & Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Prabhakar Chetti
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology (NIT), Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
| | - Satyajit Beura
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology (NIT), Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
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DFT study on the reaction mechanism and regioselectivity for the [1,2]-anionic rearrangement of 2-benzyloxypyridine derivatives. Tetrahedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2019.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Singh PK, Choudhary S, Kashyap A, Verma H, Kapil S, Kumar M, Arora M, Silakari O. An exhaustive compilation on chemistry of triazolopyrimidine: A journey through decades. Bioorg Chem 2019; 88:102919. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.102919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Derabli C, Boualia I, Abdelwahab AB, Boulcina R, Bensouici C, Kirsch G, Debache A. A cascade synthesis, in vitro cholinesterases inhibitory activity and docking studies of novel Tacrine-pyranopyrazole derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:2481-2484. [PMID: 29887354 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.05.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we describe the preparation of some new Tacrine analogues modified with a pyranopyrazole moiety. A one-pot multicomponent reaction of 3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5(4H)-one, aryl(or hetero)aldehydes, malononitrile and cyclohexanone involving a Friedländer condensation led to the title compounds. The synthesized heterocyclic analogues of this molecule were evaluated in vitro for their AChE and BChE inhibitory activities in search for potent cholinesterase enzyme inhibitors. Most of the synthesized compounds displayed remarkable AChE inhibitory activities with IC50 values ranging from 0.044 to 5.80 µM, wherein compounds 5e and 5j were found to be most active inhibitors against AChE with IC50 values of 0.058 and 0.044 µM respectively. Molecular modeling simulation on AChE and BChE receptors, showed good correlation between IC50 values and binding interaction template of the most active inhibitors docked into the active site of their relevant enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chamseddine Derabli
- Laboratory of Synthesis of Molecules with Biological Interest, Frères Mentouri-Constantine University, 25000 Constantine, Algeria
| | - Imen Boualia
- Laboratory of Synthesis of Molecules with Biological Interest, Frères Mentouri-Constantine University, 25000 Constantine, Algeria
| | - Ahmed B Abdelwahab
- SRSMC, Lorraine University, 1 Boulevard Arago, 57070, France; Chemistry of Natural Compounds Department, National Research Centrer, El-Behoos St. 33, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Raouf Boulcina
- Laboratory of Synthesis of Molecules with Biological Interest, Frères Mentouri-Constantine University, 25000 Constantine, Algeria; Faculty of Technology, Batna 2 University, 05000 Batna, Algeria.
| | | | - Gilbert Kirsch
- SRSMC, Lorraine University, 1 Boulevard Arago, 57070, France
| | - Abdelmadjid Debache
- Laboratory of Synthesis of Molecules with Biological Interest, Frères Mentouri-Constantine University, 25000 Constantine, Algeria
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