1
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Birch-Price Z, Hardy FJ, Lister TM, Kohn AR, Green AP. Noncanonical Amino Acids in Biocatalysis. Chem Rev 2024; 124:8740-8786. [PMID: 38959423 PMCID: PMC11273360 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, powerful genetic code reprogramming methods have emerged that allow new functional components to be embedded into proteins as noncanonical amino acid (ncAA) side chains. In this review, we will illustrate how the availability of an expanded set of amino acid building blocks has opened a wealth of new opportunities in enzymology and biocatalysis research. Genetic code reprogramming has provided new insights into enzyme mechanisms by allowing introduction of new spectroscopic probes and the targeted replacement of individual atoms or functional groups. NcAAs have also been used to develop engineered biocatalysts with improved activity, selectivity, and stability, as well as enzymes with artificial regulatory elements that are responsive to external stimuli. Perhaps most ambitiously, the combination of genetic code reprogramming and laboratory evolution has given rise to new classes of enzymes that use ncAAs as key catalytic elements. With the framework for developing ncAA-containing biocatalysts now firmly established, we are optimistic that genetic code reprogramming will become a progressively more powerful tool in the armory of enzyme designers and engineers in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Anthony P. Green
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology,
School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K.
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2
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Aqib RM, Umer A, Li J, Liu J, Ding B. Light Responsive DNA Nanomaterials and Their Biomedical Applications. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202400226. [PMID: 38514391 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202400226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
DNA nanomaterials have been widely employed for various biomedical applications. With rapid development of chemical modification of nucleic acid, serials of stimuli-responsive elements are included in the multifunctional DNA nanomaterials. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in light responsive DNA nanomaterials based on photocleavage/photodecage, photoisomerization, and photocrosslinking for efficient bioimaging (including imaging of small molecule, microRNA, and protein) and drug delivery (including delivery of small molecule, nucleic acid, and gene editing system). We also discuss the remaining challenges and future perspectives of the light responsive DNA nanomaterials in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja Muhammad Aqib
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Arsalan Umer
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jialin Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Jianbing Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Baoquan Ding
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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3
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Kim M, Lee C, Jeon K, Lee JY, Kim YJ, Lee JG, Kim H, Cho M, Kim DN. Harnessing a paper-folding mechanism for reconfigurable DNA origami. Nature 2023; 619:78-86. [PMID: 37407684 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06181-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
The paper-folding mechanism has been widely adopted in building of reconfigurable macroscale systems because of its unique capabilities and advantages in programming variable shapes and stiffness into a structure1-5. However, it has barely been exploited in the construction of molecular-level systems owing to the lack of a suitable design principle, even though various dynamic structures based on DNA self-assembly6-9 have been developed10-23. Here we propose a method to harness the paper-folding mechanism to create reconfigurable DNA origami structures. The main idea is to build a reference, planar wireframe structure24 whose edges follow a crease pattern in paper folding so that it can be folded into various target shapes. We realized several paper-like folding and unfolding patterns using DNA strand displacement25 with high yield. Orthogonal folding, repeatable folding and unfolding, folding-based microRNA detection and fluorescence signal control were demonstrated. Stimuli-responsive folding and unfolding triggered by pH or light-source change were also possible. Moreover, by employing hierarchical assembly26 we could expand the design space and complexity of the paper-folding mechanism in a highly programmable manner. Because of its high programmability and scalability, we expect that the proposed paper-folding-based reconfiguration method will advance the development of complex molecular systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myoungseok Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Institute of Advanced Machines and Design, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chanseok Lee
- Institute of Advanced Machines and Design, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyounghwa Jeon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Young Lee
- Institute of Advanced Machines and Design, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Joo Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Gyung Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyunsu Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Maenghyo Cho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Do-Nyun Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
- Institute of Advanced Machines and Design, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
- Institute of Engineering Research, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
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4
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Bayach I, Almutlaq N, Alkhalifah MA, Asif M, Ayub K, Sheikh NS. Nonlinear Optical Properties and Phototunable Absorption of a Substituted Dihydroazulene-Vinylheptafulvene Pair of Photochromes. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:18951-18963. [PMID: 37273631 PMCID: PMC10233684 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Quantum calculations were used to study UV-vis absorption properties and nonlinear optical characteristics of a variety of substituted dihydroazulene (DHA)/vinylheptafulvene (VHF) photoswitches. The absorption properties are substantially based on the position and nature of the substituent. In general, electron-donating groups cause red shifts compared to the parent compound. Any electron-withdrawing group, on the other hand, would generate a blue shift. Furthermore, the steric effect at some positions is accountable for the loss of planarity and, as a response, a decrease in electronic conjugation within the molecule, which in most cases result in blue shifts in maximum absorption. The purpose of this research is to investigate the influence of substitution at the seven-membered ring of the DHA/VHF system on the absorption spectra and nonlinear optical characteristics of dihydroazulene photoswitches. UV-vis spectra and hyperpolarizability are determined since a prospective photoswitch should have a minimum overlap of absorption spectra from both isomers. Furthermore, the differential in hyperpolarizability between DHA and VHF is critical for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imene Bayach
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal
University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadiah Almutlaq
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal
University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A. Alkhalifah
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal
University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Misbah Asif
- Department
of Chemistry, COMSATS University, Abbottabad
Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
| | - Khurshid Ayub
- Department
of Chemistry, COMSATS University, Abbottabad
Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
| | - Nadeem S. Sheikh
- Chemical
Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti
Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong BE1410, Brunei Darussalam
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5
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Sethi S, Emura T, Hidaka K, Sugiyama H, Endo M. Photocontrolled DNA nanotubes as stiffness tunable matrices for controlling cellular behavior. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:2904-2910. [PMID: 36691928 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr05202d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cell behavior is determined by a variety of properties of the extracellular environment like ligand spacing, nanotopography, and matrix stiffness. Matrix stiffness changes occur during many biological processes like wound healing, tumorigenesis, and development. These spatio-temporal dynamic changes in stiffness can cause significant changes in cell morphology, cell signaling, migration, cytoskeleton etc. In this paper, we have created photocontrolled stiffness-tunable DNA nanotubes which can undergo reversible changes in their conformation upon UV and VIS irradiation. When used as a substrate for cell culture, the photocontrolled DNA nanotubes can tune the cell morphology of HeLa cells from a long spindle-shaped morphology with long filopodia protrusions to a round morphology with short filopodia-like extrusions. Such a photocontrolled nanosystem can give us deep insights into the cell-matrix interactions in the native extracellular matrix caused by nanoscopic changes in stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Sethi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
| | - Tomoko Emura
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
| | - Kumi Hidaka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Sugiyama
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Masayuki Endo
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- Organization for Research and Development of Innovative Science and Technology, Kansai University, Suita, Osaka 564-8680, Japan
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6
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Chattha GM, Arshad S, Kamal Y, Chattha MA, Asim MH, Raza SA, Mahmood A, Manzoor M, Dar UI, Arshad A. Nanorobots: An innovative approach for DNA-based cancer treatment. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2023.104173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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7
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Bayach I, Al-Faiyz YSS, Alkhalifah MA, Almutlaq N, Ayub K, Sheikh NS. Phototunable Absorption and Nonlinear Optical Properties of Thermally Stable Dihydroazulene-Vinylheptafulvene Photochrome Pair. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:35863-35874. [PMID: 36249387 PMCID: PMC9558242 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The UV-vis absorption characteristics and nonlinear optical properties of a series of substituted dihydroazulene (DHA)/vinylheptafulvene (VHF) photoswitches are investigated by applying quantum calculations. Introduction of substituents at the seven-membered ring resulted in significant changes in their absorption properties depending on the nature and position of the substituent. Electron-donating groups at positions 5, 6, 7, and 8 generally exhibited red shifts with respect to the parent compound. However, the steric effect at positions 8a and 4 is responsible for the loss of planarity and conjugation, which generally leads to blue shifts. In contrast, any electron-withdrawing group, particularly at positions 8a and 4, would cause a blue shift. The presence of bulky groups at position 8a results in a loss of planarity and, as a result, a decrease in electronic conjugation within the molecule, resulting in a blue shift in the maximum absorption. When it comes to halogens, the red shift is directly correlated to the nucleophilicity; the higher the nucleophilicity, the larger the red shift. Regarding hyperpolarizability, the charge separation induces higher hyperpolarizabilities for all substituted VHFs compared to the corresponding DHAs, resulting in a much higher NLO response. In addition, for all DHA and VHF, the highest values of hyperpolarizabilities are calculated for 6-substituted systems. Finally, the objective of this detailed theoretical investigation is to continue exploring the photophysical properties of DHA-VHF through structural modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imene Bayach
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal
University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasair S. S. Al-Faiyz
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal
University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A. Alkhalifah
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal
University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadiah Almutlaq
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal
University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khurshid Ayub
- Department
of Chemistry, COMSATS University, Abbottabad Campus, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 22060, Pakistan
| | - Nadeem S. Sheikh
- Chemical
Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti
Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong BE1410, Brunei Darussalam
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8
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Dinda R, Majumder S, Mohanty M, Mohapatra D, Aradhana Patra S, Parida R, Giri S, Reuter H, Kausar C, Kumar Patra S. Dioxidomolybdenum(VI) complexes of azo-hydrazones: Structural investigation, DNA binding and cytotoxicity studies. Polyhedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2022.116093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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9
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Liu XR, Hu X, Loh IY, Wang Z. A high-fidelity light-powered nanomotor from a chemically fueled counterpart via site-specific optomechanical fuel control. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:5899-5914. [PMID: 35373800 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr07964f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Optically powered nanomotors are advantageous for clean nanotechnology over chemically fuelled nanomotors. The two motor types are further bounded by different physical principles. Despite the gap, we show here that an optically powered DNA bipedal nanomotor is readily created from a high-performing chemically fuelled counterpart by subjecting its fuel to cyclic site-specific optomechanical control - as if the fuel is optically recharged. Optimizing azobenzene-based control of the original nucleotide fuel selects a light-responsive fuel analog that replicates the different binding affinity of the fuel and reaction products. The resultant motor largely retains high-performing features of the original chemical motor, and achieves the highest directional fidelity among reported light-driven DNA nanomotors. This study thus demonstrates a novel strategy for transforming chemical nanomotors to optical ones for clean nanotechnology. The strategy is potentially applicable to many chemical nanomotors with oligomeric fuels like nucleotides, peptides and synthetic polymers, leading to a new class of light-powered nanomotors that are akin to chemical nanomotors and benefit from their generally high efficiency mechanistically. The motor from this study also provides a rare model system for studying the subtle boundary between chemical and optical nanomotors - a topic pertinent to chemomechanical and optomechanical energy conversion at the single-molecule level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Rui Liu
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542
| | - Xinpeng Hu
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542
| | - Iong Ying Loh
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542
| | - Zhisong Wang
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542.
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10
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Simeth NA, de Mendoza P, Dubach VRA, Stuart MCA, Smith JW, Kudernac T, Browne WR, Feringa BL. Photoswitchable architecture transformation of a DNA-hybrid assembly at the microscopic and macroscopic scale. Chem Sci 2022; 13:3263-3272. [PMID: 35414864 PMCID: PMC8926171 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc06490h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular recognition-driven self-assembly employing single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) as a template is a promising approach to access complex architectures from simple building blocks. Oligonucleotide-based nanotechnology and soft-materials benefit from the high information storage density, self-correction, and memory function of DNA. Here we control these beneficial properties with light in a photoresponsive biohybrid hydrogel, adding an extra level of function to the system. An ssDNA template was combined with a complementary photo-responsive unit to reversibly switch between various functional states of the supramolecular assembly using a combination of light and heat. We studied the structural response of the hydrogel at both the microscopic and macroscopic scale using a combination of UV-vis absorption and CD spectroscopy, as well as fluorescence, transmission electron, and atomic force microscopy. The hydrogels grown from these supramolecular self-assembly systems show remarkable shape-memory properties and imprinting shape-behavior while the macroscopic shape of the materials obtained can be further manipulated by irradiation. Molecular recognition-driven self-assembly employing single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) as a template is a promising approach to access complex architectures from simple building blocks.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja A Simeth
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty for Science and Engineering, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Paula de Mendoza
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty for Science and Engineering, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Victor R A Dubach
- Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty for Science and Engineering, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 7 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Marc C A Stuart
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty for Science and Engineering, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands .,Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty for Science and Engineering, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 7 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Julien W Smith
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty for Science and Engineering, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Tibor Kudernac
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty for Science and Engineering, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Wesley R Browne
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty for Science and Engineering, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty for Science and Engineering, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
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11
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The Mechanistic Integration and Thermodynamic Optimality of a Nanomotor. Symmetry (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/sym14020416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The performance of artificial nanomotors is still far behind nature-made biomolecular motors. A mechanistic disparity between the two categories exists: artificial motors often rely on a single mechanism to rectify directional motion, but biomotors integrate multiple mechanisms for better performance. This study proposes a design for a motor-track system and shows that by introducing asymmetric compound foot-track interactions, both selective foot detachment and biased foot-track binding arise from the mechanics of the system. The two mechanisms are naturally integrated to promote the motility of the motor towards being unidirectional, while each mechanism alone only achieves 50% directional fidelity at most. Based on a reported theory, the optimization of the motor is conducted via maximizing the directional fidelity. Along the optimization, the directional fidelity of the motor is raised by parameters that concentrate more energy on driving selective-foot detachment and biased binding, which in turn promotes work production due to the two energies converting to work via a load attached. However, the speed of the motor can drop significantly after the optimization because of energetic competition between speed and directional fidelity, which causes a speed-directional fidelity tradeoff. As a case study, these results test thermodynamic correlation between the performances of a motor and suggest that directional fidelity is an important quantity for motor optimization.
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12
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Abstract
Stimuli-responsive DNA-based hydrogels are attracting growing interest because of their smart responsiveness, excellent biocompatibility, regulated biodegradability, and programmable design properties. Integration of reconfigurable DNA architectures and switchable supramolecular moieties (as cross-linkers) in hydrogels by responding to external stimuli provides an ideal approach for the reversible tuning structural and mechanical properties of the hydrogels, which can be exploited in the development of intelligent DNA-based materials. This review highlights recent advances in the design of responsive pure DNA hydrogels, DNA-polymer hybrid hydrogels, and autonomous DNA-based hydrogels with transient behaviors. A variety of chemically and physically triggered DNA-based stimuli-responsive hydrogels and their versatile applications in biosensing, biocatalysis, cell culture and separation, drug delivery, shape memory, self-healing, and robotic actuators are summarized. Finally, we address the key challenges that the field will face in the coming years, and future prospects are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Junji Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, No. 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
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13
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Wang C, O'Hagan MP, Li Z, Zhang J, Ma X, Tian H, Willner I. Photoresponsive DNA materials and their applications. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:720-760. [PMID: 34985085 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00688f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Photoresponsive nucleic acids attract growing interest as functional constituents in materials science. Integration of photoisomerizable units into DNA strands provides an ideal handle for the reversible reconfiguration of nucleic acid architectures by light irradiation, triggering changes in the chemical and structural properties of the nanostructures that can be exploited in the development of photoresponsive functional devices such as machines, origami structures and ion channels, as well as environmentally adaptable 'smart' materials including nanoparticle aggregates and hydrogels. Moreover, photoresponsive DNA components allow control over the composition of dynamic supramolecular ensembles that mimic native networks. Beyond this, the modification of nucleic acids with photosensitizer functionality enables these biopolymers to act as scaffolds for spatial organization of electron transfer reactions mimicking natural photosynthesis. This review provides a comprehensive overview of these exciting developments in the design of photoresponsive DNA materials, and showcases a range of applications in catalysis, sensing and drug delivery/release. The key challenges facing the development of the field in the coming years are addressed, and exciting emergent research directions are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- Institute of Chemistry, The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel.
| | - Michael P O'Hagan
- Institute of Chemistry, The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel.
| | - Ziyuan Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Frontiers Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Junji Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Frontiers Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Ma
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Frontiers Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - He Tian
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Frontiers Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Itamar Willner
- Institute of Chemistry, The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel.
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14
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Barbosa N, Sagresti L, Brancato G. Photoinduced azobenzene-modified DNA dehybridization: insights into local and cooperativity effects from a molecular dynamics study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:25170-25179. [PMID: 34730143 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp04032d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Photoresponsive azobenzene-modified DNA (RNA) has become a very fruitful material for nanotechnology due to the capability of switching on and off hybridization (i.e., duplex formation) in smart nanostructures. This nanomaterial exploits the well-known azobenzene trans/cis photo-isomerization. In fact, it has been found that DNA tethered with trans-azobenzene shows normal nucleic acid recognition and hybridization, while the cis form destabilizes the duplex configuration, eventually leading to DNA unzipping. However, while the working principle of the light-triggered DNA dehybridization is apparent, specific details of this mechanism still remain elusive to experiments. Previous in silico studies successfully addressed some aspects (e.g., local structural effects, thermal stability, and early events of azobenzene photoisomerization) of this challenging molecular process characterized by timescales spanning several orders of magnitude, from picoseconds (i.e., azobenzene photoisomerization) to micro- and milli-seconds (i.e., complete strand detachment). In this work, inspired by a recent report by Asanuma and coworkers, we focus on the local and cooperativity effects played by multiple azobenzene units on a 10-mer azobenzene-modified DNA duplex. Using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, we investigated nine systems equipped with a variable number (from 1 to 7) of photoswitch units and different configurations, focusing our analysis on the initial events (from few ps to hundreds of ns) characterizing DNA destabilization upon trans-to-cis isomerization, such as hydrogen bonding breakage and base pair misalignment. Results highlight, on one hand, the local effects of single azobenzene units on DNA duplex structure and, on the other hand, the cooperative role that multiple photoswitches show in enhancing and accelerating DNA dehybridization following trans-to-cis conversion, in agreement with previously reported data and observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuno Barbosa
- Scuola Normale Superiore and CSGI, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, I-56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Luca Sagresti
- Scuola Normale Superiore and CSGI, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, I-56126 Pisa, Italy. .,Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Largo Pontecorvo 3, I-56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Brancato
- Scuola Normale Superiore and CSGI, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, I-56126 Pisa, Italy. .,Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Largo Pontecorvo 3, I-56100 Pisa, Italy
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15
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Sethi S, Hidaka K, Sugiyama H, Endo M. Non‐invasive Regulation of Cellular Morphology Using a Photoswitchable Mechanical DNA Polymer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202105425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Sethi
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Kyoto University Yoshida-ushinomiyacho, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
| | - Kumi Hidaka
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Kyoto University Yoshida-ushinomiyacho, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sugiyama
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Kyoto University Yoshida-ushinomiyacho, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences Kyoto University Japan
| | - Masayuki Endo
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Kyoto University Yoshida-ushinomiyacho, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences Kyoto University Japan
- Organization for Research and Development of Innovative Science and Technology Kansai University Japan
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16
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Sethi S, Hidaka K, Sugiyama H, Endo M. Non-invasive Regulation of Cellular Morphology Using a Photoswitchable Mechanical DNA Polymer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:20342-20349. [PMID: 33987972 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202105425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) in which the cells reside provides a dynamic and reversible environment. Spatiotemporal cues are essential when cells are undergoing morphogenesis, repair and differentiation. Emulation of such an intricate system with reversible presentation of nanoscale cues can help us better understand cellular processes and can allow the precise manipulation of cell function in vitro. Herein, we formulated a photoswitchable DNA mechanical nanostructure containing azobenzene moieties and dynamically regulated the spatial distance between adhesion peptides using a photoswitchable DNA polymer with photoirradiation. We found that the DNA polymer reversibly forms two different structures, a relaxed linear and shrunken compact form, observed by AFM. Using the mechanical properties of this DNA polymer, UV and visible light irradiation induced a significant morphology change of the cells between a round shape and spindle shape, thus providing a tool to decipher the language of the ECM better.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Sethi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Yoshida-ushinomiyacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kumi Hidaka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Yoshida-ushinomiyacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sugiyama
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Yoshida-ushinomiyacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.,Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Masayuki Endo
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Yoshida-ushinomiyacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.,Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Kyoto University, Japan.,Organization for Research and Development of Innovative Science and Technology, Kansai University, Japan
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17
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18
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Ryssy J, Natarajan AK, Wang J, Lehtonen AJ, Nguyen MK, Klajn R, Kuzyk A. Light-Responsive Dynamic DNA-Origami-Based Plasmonic Assemblies. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:5859-5863. [PMID: 33320988 PMCID: PMC7986157 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202014963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
DNA nanotechnology offers a versatile toolbox for precise spatial and temporal manipulation of matter on the nanoscale. However, rendering DNA‐based systems responsive to light has remained challenging. Herein, we describe the remote manipulation of native (non‐photoresponsive) chiral plasmonic molecules (CPMs) using light. Our strategy is based on the use of a photoresponsive medium comprising a merocyanine‐based photoacid. Upon exposure to visible light, the medium decreases its pH, inducing the formation of DNA triplex links, leading to a spatial reconfiguration of the CPMs. The process can be reversed simply by turning the light off and it can be repeated for multiple cycles. The degree of the overall chirality change in an ensemble of CPMs depends on the CPM fraction undergoing reconfiguration, which, remarkably, depends on and can be tuned by the intensity of incident light. Such a dynamic, remotely controlled system could aid in further advancing DNA‐based devices and nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joonas Ryssy
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, School of Science, Aalto University, 00076, Aalto, Finland
| | - Ashwin K Natarajan
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, School of Science, Aalto University, 00076, Aalto, Finland
| | - Jinhua Wang
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Arttu J Lehtonen
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, School of Science, Aalto University, 00076, Aalto, Finland
| | - Minh-Kha Nguyen
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, School of Science, Aalto University, 00076, Aalto, Finland.,Faculty of Chemical Engineering, HCMC University of Technology, VNU-HCM, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Rafal Klajn
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Anton Kuzyk
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, School of Science, Aalto University, 00076, Aalto, Finland
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19
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Zhou Z, Fan D, Wang J, Sohn YS, Nechushtai R, Willner I. Triggered Dimerization and Trimerization of DNA Tetrahedra for Multiplexed miRNA Detection and Imaging of Cancer Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2007355. [PMID: 33470517 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202007355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The reversible and switchable triggered reconfiguration of tetrahedra nanostructures from monomer tetrahedra structures into dimer or trimer structures is introduced. The triggered bridging of monomer tetrahedra by K+ -ion-stabilized G-quadruplexes or T-A•T triplexes leads to dimer or trimer tetrahedra structures that are separated by crown ether or basic pH conditions, respectively. The signal-triggered dimerization/trimerization of DNA tetrahedra structures is used to develop multiplexed miRNA-sensing platforms, and the tetrahedra mixture is used for intracellular sensing and imaging of miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixin Zhou
- Institute of Chemistry, The Minerva Center for Biohybrid Complex Systems, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - Daoqing Fan
- Institute of Chemistry, The Minerva Center for Biohybrid Complex Systems, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - Jianbang Wang
- Institute of Chemistry, The Minerva Center for Biohybrid Complex Systems, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - Yang Sung Sohn
- Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - Rachel Nechushtai
- Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - Itamar Willner
- Institute of Chemistry, The Minerva Center for Biohybrid Complex Systems, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
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20
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Pang J, Deng Z, Sun S, Huang G, Zhang G, Islam A, Dang L, Phillips DL, Li MD. Unprecedentedly Ultrafast Dynamics of Excited States of C═C Photoswitching Molecules in Nanocrystals and Microcrystals. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:41-48. [PMID: 33296591 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c03232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The C═C photoswitching molecules [1,2-di(4-pyridyl)ethylene (DPE), 4-styrylpyridine (SP), and trans-1,2-stilbene (TS)] show favorable photoisomerization characteristics. Although the solid states of photoswitching molecules are usually used in optical devices, their excited state's evolution has been little explored. Here, the excited state's relaxation of DPE, SP, and TS in nanocrystal/microcrystal suspensions as well as in solution phase was studied to uncover the early events of their excited states. The dynamics of nanocrystal/microcrystal suspensions was tremendously accelerated in comparison to the kinetics obtained in the solution for these molecules under excitation. DPE exhibits the slowest decay rate, while SP shows the fastest decay rate in nanocrystal suspensions or solution, suggesting SP may be the best candidate for the photoswitching device. The intermolecular interactions and space restriction of the crystal lead to the acceleration of the excited state's evolution for DPE, SP, and TS. This provides new insight into the design of optical materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhong Pang
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structure Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Ziqi Deng
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structure Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Shanshan Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structure Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Guanheng Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structure Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Guohui Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structure Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Amjad Islam
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structure Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Li Dang
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structure Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - David Lee Phillips
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structure Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ming-De Li
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structure Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
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21
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Mishra S, Park S, Emura T, Kumi H, Sugiyama H, Endo M. Photocontrolled DNA Origami Assembly by Using Two Photoswitches. Chemistry 2021; 27:778-784. [PMID: 33063405 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive switching molecules have been widely investigated for the purpose of the mechanical control of biomolecules. Recently developed arylazopyrazole (AAP) shows photoisomerization activity, displaying a faster response to light-induced conformational changes and unique absorption spectral properties compared with those of conventionally used azobenzene. Herein, it is demonstrated that AAP can be used as a photoswitching molecule to control photoinduced assembly and disassembly of DNA origami nanostructures. An AAP-modified DNA origami has been designed and constructed. It is observed that the repeated assembly and disassembly of AAP-modified X-shaped DNA origami and hexagonal origami with complementary strands can be achieved by alternating UV and visible-light irradiation. Closed and linear assemblies of AAP-modified X-shaped origami were successfully formed by photoirradiation, and more than 1 μm linear assemblies were formed. Finally, it is shown that the two photoswitches, AAP and azobenzene, can be used in tandem to independently control different assembly configurations by using different irradiation wavelengths. AAP can extend the variety of available wavelengths of photoswitches and stably result in the assembly and disassembly of various DNA origami nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubham Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Yoshida-ushinomiyacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 6068501, Japan
| | - Soyoung Park
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Yoshida-ushinomiyacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 6068501, Japan
| | - Tomoko Emura
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Yoshida-ushinomiyacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 6068501, Japan
| | - Hidaka Kumi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Yoshida-ushinomiyacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 6068501, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sugiyama
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Yoshida-ushinomiyacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 6068501, Japan.,Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Kyoto University, Yoshida-ushinomiyacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 6068501, Japan
| | - Masayuki Endo
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Yoshida-ushinomiyacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 6068501, Japan.,Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Kyoto University, Yoshida-ushinomiyacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 6068501, Japan
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22
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Yang J, Lu Y. Physical stimuli-responsive cell-free protein synthesis. Synth Syst Biotechnol 2020; 5:363-368. [PMID: 33294650 PMCID: PMC7695910 DOI: 10.1016/j.synbio.2020.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-free protein synthesis has been developed as a critical platform in synthetic biology. Unlike the cell-based synthesis system, cell-free system activates transcriptional and translational mechanisms in vitro, and can control protein synthesis by artificially adding components or chemicals. However, the control method puts forward higher requirements in terms of accurate and non-toxic control, which cannot be achieved by chemical substances. For cell-free system, physical signal is a kind of ideal spatiotemporal control approach to replace chemical substances, realizing high accuracy with little side effect. Here we review the methods of using physical signals to control gene expression in cell-free systems, including studies based on light, temperature, electric field, and magnetic force. The transfer of these switches into cell-free system further expands the flexibility and controllability of the system, thus further expanding the application capability of cell-free systems. Finally, existing problems such as signal source and signal transmission are discussed, and future applications in pharmaceutical production, delivery and industrial production are further looked into.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junzhu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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23
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24
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Vázquez-González M, Willner I. Stimuli-Responsive Biomolecule-Based Hydrogels and Their Applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:15342-15377. [PMID: 31730715 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201907670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This Review presents polysaccharides, oligosaccharides, nucleic acids, peptides, and proteins as functional stimuli-responsive polymer scaffolds that yield hydrogels with controlled stiffness. Different physical or chemical triggers can be used to structurally reconfigure the crosslinking units and control the stiffness of the hydrogels. The integration of stimuli-responsive supramolecular complexes and stimuli-responsive biomolecular units as crosslinkers leads to hybrid hydrogels undergoing reversible triggered transitions across different stiffness states. Different applications of stimuli-responsive biomolecule-based hydrogels are discussed. The assembly of stimuli-responsive biomolecule-based hydrogel films on surfaces and their applications are discussed. The coating of drug-loaded nanoparticles with stimuli-responsive hydrogels for controlled drug release is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Itamar Willner
- Institute of Chemistry, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
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25
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Vázquez‐González M, Willner I. Stimuliresponsive, auf Biomolekülen basierende Hydrogele und ihre Anwendungen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201907670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Itamar Willner
- Institute of Chemistry Hebrew University of Jerusalem Jerusalem 91904 Israel
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26
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Kashida H, Azuma H, Maruyama R, Araki Y, Wada T, Asanuma H. Efficient Light‐Harvesting Antennae Resulting from the Dense Organization of Dyes into DNA Junctions through
d
‐Threoninol. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:11360-11363. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202004221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiromu Kashida
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering Graduate School of Engineering Nagoya University Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
| | - Hidenori Azuma
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering Graduate School of Engineering Nagoya University Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
| | - Ryoko Maruyama
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering Graduate School of Engineering Nagoya University Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Araki
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials Tohoku University 2-1-1, Katahira, Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8577 Japan
| | - Takehiko Wada
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials Tohoku University 2-1-1, Katahira, Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8577 Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Asanuma
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering Graduate School of Engineering Nagoya University Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
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27
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Kashida H, Azuma H, Maruyama R, Araki Y, Wada T, Asanuma H. Efficient Light‐Harvesting Antennae Resulting from the Dense Organization of Dyes into DNA Junctions through
d
‐Threoninol. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202004221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiromu Kashida
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering Graduate School of Engineering Nagoya University Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
| | - Hidenori Azuma
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering Graduate School of Engineering Nagoya University Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
| | - Ryoko Maruyama
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering Graduate School of Engineering Nagoya University Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Araki
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials Tohoku University 2-1-1, Katahira, Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8577 Japan
| | - Takehiko Wada
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials Tohoku University 2-1-1, Katahira, Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8577 Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Asanuma
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering Graduate School of Engineering Nagoya University Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
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28
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Müller S, Paulus J, Mattay J, Ihmels H, Dodero VI, Sewald N. Photocontrolled DNA minor groove interactions of imidazole/pyrrole polyamides. Beilstein J Org Chem 2020; 16:60-70. [PMID: 31976017 PMCID: PMC6964667 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.16.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Azobenzenes are photoswitchable molecules capable of generating significant structural changes upon E-to-Z photoisomerization in peptides or small molecules, thereby controlling geometry and functionality. E-to-Z photoisomerization usually is achieved upon irradiation at 350 nm (π–π* transition), while the Z-to-E isomerization proceeds photochemically upon irradiation at >400 nm (n–π* transition) or thermally. Photoswitchable compounds have frequently been employed as modules, e.g., to control protein–DNA interactions. However, their use in conjunction with minor groove-binding imidazole/pyrrole (Im/Py) polyamides is yet unprecedented. Dervan-type Im/Py polyamides were equipped with an azobenzene unit, i.e., 3-(3-(aminomethyl)phenyl)azophenylacetic acid, as the linker between two Im/Py polyamide strands. Only the (Z)-azobenzene-containing polyamides bound to the minor groove of double-stranded DNA hairpins. Photoisomerization was exemplarily evaluated by 1H NMR experiments, while minor groove binding of the (Z)-azobenzene derivatives was proven by CD titration experiments. The resulting induced circular dichroism (ICD) bands of the bound ligands, together with the photometric determination of the dsDNA melting temperature, revealed a significant stabilization of the DNA upon association with the ligand. The (Z)-azobenzene acted as a building block inducing a reverse turn, which favored hydrogen bonds between the pyrrole/imidazole amide and the DNA bases. In contrast, the E-configured polyamides did not induce any ICD characteristic for minor groove binding. The incorporation of the photoswitchable azobenzene unit is a promising strategy to obtain photoswitchable Im/Py hairpin polyamides capable of interacting with the dsDNA minor groove only in the Z-configuration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Müller
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, PO Box 100131, D-33501 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Jannik Paulus
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, PO Box 100131, D-33501 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Jochen Mattay
- Organic Chemistry I, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, PO Box 100131, D-33501 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Heiko Ihmels
- Organic Chemistry II, Department Chemistry - Biology, Siegen University, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - Veronica I Dodero
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, PO Box 100131, D-33501 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Norbert Sewald
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, PO Box 100131, D-33501 Bielefeld, Germany
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29
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Wu Z, Zhang L. Photoregulation between small DNAs and reversible photochromic molecules. Biomater Sci 2019; 7:4944-4962. [PMID: 31650136 DOI: 10.1039/c9bm01305a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Oligonucleotides are widely used biological materials in the fields of biomedicine, nanotechnology, and materials science. Due to the demands for the photoregulation of DNA activities, scientists are placing more and more research interest in the interactions between reversible photochromic molecules and DNAs. Photochromic molecules can work as switches for regulating the DNAs' behavior under light irradiation; meanwhile, DNAs also exert influence over the photochromic molecules. The photochromic molecules can be attached to DNAs either by covalent bonds or by noncovalent forces, which results in different regulative functions. Azobenzenes, spiropyrans, diarylethenes, and stilbene-like compounds are important photochromic molecules working as photoswitches. By summarizing their interactions with oligonucleotides, this review intends to facilitate the relevant research on oligonucleotides/photochromic molecules in the biological and medicinal fields and in materials science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongtao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, No. 53 Zhengzhou Rd, Qingdao, 266042, PR China.
| | - Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, No. 53 Zhengzhou Rd, Qingdao, 266042, PR China.
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30
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Tam DY, Zhuang X, Wong SW, Lo PK. Photoresponsive Self-Assembled DNA Nanomaterials: Design, Working Principles, and Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1805481. [PMID: 30861628 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201805481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Photoresponsive DNA nanomaterials represent a new class of remarkable functional materials. By adjusting the irradiation wavelength, light intensity, and exposure time, various photocontrolled DNA-based systems can be reversibly or irreversibly regulated in respect of their size, shape, conformation, movement, and dissociation/association. This Review introduces the most updated progress in the development of photoresponsive DNA-based system and emphasizes their advantages over other stimuli-responsive systems. Their design and mechanisms to trigger the photoresponses are shown and discussed. The potential application of these photon-responsive DNA nanomaterials in biology, biomedicine, materials science, nanophotonic and nanoelectronic are also covered and described. The challenges faced and further directions of the development of photocontrolled DNA-based systems are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dick Yan Tam
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xinyu Zhuang
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sze Wing Wong
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Pik Kwan Lo
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Key Laboratory of Biochip Technology, Biotech and Health Centre, Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518057, China
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31
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Shi L, Mu C, Gao T, Chai W, Sheng A, Chen T, Yang J, Zhu X, Li G. Rhodopsin-Like Ionic Gate Fabricated with Graphene Oxide and Isomeric DNA Switch for Efficient Photocontrol of Ion Transport. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:8239-8243. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b01759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liu Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China
| | - Chaoli Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China
| | - Tao Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China
| | - Wenxin Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China
| | - Anzhi Sheng
- Center for Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China
| | - Tianshu Chen
- Center for Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China
| | - Jie Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoli Zhu
- Center for Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China
| | - Genxi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China
- Center for Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China
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32
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Direct Observation of Dynamic Movement of DNA Molecules in DNA Origami Imaged Using High-Speed AFM. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1814:213-224. [PMID: 29956235 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8591-3_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The visualization of biomolecules is a straightforward way to elucidate the physical properties of molecules and their reaction processes. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) enables the direct imaging of biomolecules under physiological conditions at nanometer-scale spatial resolution. Because AFM visualizes all molecules in a scanning area, an observation scaffold is required for the target-specific imaging of molecules in the dynamic state. The DNA origami technology allows the precise placement of target molecules in a designed nanostructure, and the detection of the molecules at the single-molecule level. DNA origami is applied for visualizing the detailed motions of molecules using high-speed AFM (HS-AFM), which enables the analysis of the dynamic movement of biomolecules in a subsecond time resolution. Here, we describe the combination of the DNA origami system with HS-AFM for the imaging of DNA structural changes controlled by photoresponsive molecules. The hybridization and dehybridization of photoresponsive oligonucleotides were visualized directly using this observation system. These target-oriented observation systems should contribute to the detailed analysis of biomolecules in real time with molecular resolution.
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33
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Vázquez-González M, Willner I. DNA-Responsive SiO 2 Nanoparticles, Metal-Organic Frameworks, and Microcapsules for Controlled Drug Release. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:14692-14710. [PMID: 29870667 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b00478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances addressing the development of stimuli-responsive nucleic acid (DNA)-functionalized micro/nanocarriers for the controlled release of drugs are presented. The DNA associated with the drug-loaded carriers acts as capping units that lock the drugs in the carriers. In the presence of appropriate triggers, the capping units are unlocked, resulting in the release of the drugs. Three types of DNA-modified carriers are discussed, including mesoporous SiO2 nanoparticles (MP SiO2 NPs), metal-organic framework nanoparticles (NMOFs) and micro/nanocapsules. The triggers to unlock the DNA gating units include pH, the dissociation of K+-stabilized G-quadruplexes in the presence of crown ethers, the catalytic dissociation of the capping units by enzymes or DNAzymes, the dissociation of capping units by the formation of aptamer-ligand complexes (particularly ligands acting as biomarkers for different diseases), and the use of light for the photochemical unlocking of the DNA gates. Different issues related to the targeting of the different drug-loaded carriers to cancer cells, the switchable ON/OFF release of the drug loads, and the selective cytotoxicity of the drug-loaded carriers toward cancer cells are discussed. Finally, the future perspectives of the stimuli-responsive DNA-based, drug-loaded micro/nanocarriers for future nanomedicine and, in particular, the development of autonomous sense-and-treat systems are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Vázquez-González
- Institute of Chemistry, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Jerusalem 91904 , Israel
| | - Itamar Willner
- Institute of Chemistry, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Jerusalem 91904 , Israel
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34
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Dudek M, Deiana M, Pokladek Z, Pawlik K, Matczyszyn K. Reversible Photocontrol of DNA Melting by Visible-Light-Responsive F4-Coordinated Azobenzene Compounds. Chemistry 2018; 24:18963-18970. [PMID: 30198626 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201803529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Spatiotemporal control over the regulation of intra- and intermolecular motions in naturally occurring systems is systematically studied to expand the toolbox of mechanical operations in multicomponent nanoarchitectures. DNA is ideally suited for programming light-powered processes that are based on a minimalist molecular design. Here, the noncovalent incorporation of bistable photoswitches into B-like DNA moieties is shown to trigger the thermal transition midpoint of the duplexes by converting visible light into directed mechanical work by orchestrating the collective actions of the photoresponsive chromophores and the host DNA nanostructures. Besides its practical applications, the resulting hybrid nanosystem bears unique features of modulability, biocompatibility, reversibility, and addressability, which are key components for developing molecular photon-controlled programmed materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Dudek
- Advanced Materials Engineering and Modelling Group, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marco Deiana
- Advanced Materials Engineering and Modelling Group, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Ziemowit Pokladek
- Advanced Materials Engineering and Modelling Group, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Pawlik
- Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Rudolfa Weigla 12, 53-114, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Matczyszyn
- Advanced Materials Engineering and Modelling Group, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370, Wroclaw, Poland
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35
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Luo J, Samanta S, Convertino M, Dokholyan NV, Deiters A. Reversible and Tunable Photoswitching of Protein Function through Genetic Encoding of Azobenzene Amino Acids in Mammalian Cells. Chembiochem 2018; 19:2178-2185. [PMID: 30277634 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201800226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The genetic encoding of three different azobenzene phenylalanines with different photochemical properties was achieved in human cells by using an engineered pyrrolysyl tRNA/tRNA synthetase pair. In order to demonstrate reversible light control of protein function, azobenzenes were site-specifically introduced into firefly luciferase. Computational strategies were applied to guide the selection of potential photoswitchable sites that lead to a reversibly controlled luciferase enzyme. In addition, the new azobenzene analogues provide enhanced thermal stability, high photoconversion, and responsiveness to visible light. These small-molecule photoswitches can reversibly photocontrol protein function with excellent spatiotemporal resolution, and preferred sites for incorporation can be computationally determined, thus providing a new tool for investigating biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Luo
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Chemistry, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Subhas Samanta
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Chemistry, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Marino Convertino
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Nikolay V Dokholyan
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Alexander Deiters
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Chemistry, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
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36
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Abstract
DNA can assemble various molecules and nanomaterials in a programmed fashion and is a powerful tool in the nanotechnology and biology research fields. DNA also allows the construction of desired nanoscale structures via the design of DNA sequences. Structural nanotechnology, especially DNA origami, is widely used to design and create functionalized nanostructures and devices. In addition, DNA molecular machines have been created and are operated by specific DNA strands and external stimuli to perform linear, rotational, and reciprocating movements. Furthermore, complicated molecular systems have been created on DNA nanostructures by arranging multiple molecules and molecular machines precisely to mimic biological systems. Currently, DNA nanomachines, such as molecular motors, are operated on DNA nanostructures. Dynamic DNA nanostructures that have a mechanically controllable system have also been developed. In this review, we describe recent research on new DNA nanomachines and nanosystems that were built on designed DNA nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Endo
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, and Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Sugiyama
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, and Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
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37
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Chen Y, Ke G, Ma Y, Zhu Z, Liu M, Liu Y, Yan H, Yang CJ. A Synthetic Light-Driven Substrate Channeling System for Precise Regulation of Enzyme Cascade Activity Based on DNA Origami. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:8990-8996. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b05429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yahong Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Guoliang Ke
- Molecular Sciences and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Yanli Ma
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Zhi Zhu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Minghui Liu
- Center for Molecular Design and Biomimetics, Biodesign Institute and School of Molecular Sciences at Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Yan Liu
- Center for Molecular Design and Biomimetics, Biodesign Institute and School of Molecular Sciences at Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Hao Yan
- Center for Molecular Design and Biomimetics, Biodesign Institute and School of Molecular Sciences at Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Chaoyong James Yang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
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38
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Chiang YH, Tsai SL, Tee SR, Nair OL, Loh IY, Liu MH, Wang ZS. Inchworm bipedal nanowalker. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:9199-9211. [PMID: 29726566 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr09724g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Nanowalkers take either inchworm (IW) or hand-over-hand (HOH) gait. The IW nanowalkers are advantageous over HOH ones in force generation, processivity and high-density integration, though both gaits occur in intracellular nanowalkers from biology. Artificial IW nanowalkers have been realized or proposed, but all rely on different 'head' and 'tail' to gain an adventitious direction. Here we report an inherently unidirectional IW nanowalker that is a biped with two identical legs (i.e., indistinguishable 'head' and 'tail'). This walker is made of DNA, and driven by a light-powered G-quadruplex engine. The directional inchworm motion is confirmed by operating the walker on a DNA duplex track that is designed to show a distinctive fluorescence pattern for IW walkers as compared to HOH ones. Interestingly, this walker exhibits stride-controlled IW-to-HOH gait switch and direction reversal when the track's periodic binding sites have wider and wider separation. The results altogether present an integrated mechanism for implementing nanowalkers of different gaits and directions on molecular tracks, optical potentials or even solid-state surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y H Chiang
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117542.
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39
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Tomaru T, Suzuki Y, Kawamata I, Nomura SIM, Murata S. Stepping operation of a rotary DNA origami device. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 53:7716-7719. [PMID: 28548145 DOI: 10.1039/c7cc03214e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We constructed a rotary DNA origami device and tested its stepping operation on a mica substrate by sequential strand displacement with four different sets of signal DNA strands. This work paves the way for building a variety of dynamic rotary DNA nanodevices which respond to multiple signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Tomaru
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-01 Aramaki-Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan.
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40
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Photomodulation of DNA-Templated Supramolecular Assemblies. Chemistry 2017; 24:706-714. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201704538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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41
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Willner EM, Kamada Y, Suzuki Y, Emura T, Hidaka K, Dietz H, Sugiyama H, Endo M. Single-Molecule Observation of the Photoregulated Conformational Dynamics of DNA Origami Nanoscissors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201708722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena M. Willner
- Physik Department and Institute for Advanced Study; Technische Universität München; Am Coulombwall 4a 85748 Garching near Munich Germany
| | - Yuu Kamada
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Yuki Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
- Current address: Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences; Tohoku University; Aramaki aza Aoba 6-3 Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Tomoko Emura
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Kumi Hidaka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Hendrik Dietz
- Physik Department and Institute for Advanced Study; Technische Universität München; Am Coulombwall 4a 85748 Garching near Munich Germany
| | - Hiroshi Sugiyama
- Institute for Integrated Cell Material Sciences; Kyoto University; Yoshida-ushinomiyacho Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Masayuki Endo
- Institute for Integrated Cell Material Sciences; Kyoto University; Yoshida-ushinomiyacho Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
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42
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Willner EM, Kamada Y, Suzuki Y, Emura T, Hidaka K, Dietz H, Sugiyama H, Endo M. Single-Molecule Observation of the Photoregulated Conformational Dynamics of DNA Origami Nanoscissors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:15324-15328. [PMID: 29044955 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201708722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate direct observation of the dynamic opening and closing behavior of photocontrollable DNA origami nanoscissors using high-speed atomic force microscopy (HS-AFM). First the conformational change between the open and closed state controlled by adjustment of surrounding salt concentration could be directly observed during AFM scanning. Then light-responsive moieties were incorporated into the nanoscissors to control these structural changes by photoirradiation. Using photoswitchable DNA strands, we created a photoresponsive nanoscissors variant and were able to distinguish between the open and closed conformations after respective irradiation with ultraviolet (UV) and visible (Vis) light by gel electrophoresis and AFM imaging. Additionally, these reversible changes in shape during photoirradiation were directly visualized using HS-AFM. Moreover, four photoswitchable nanoscissors were assembled into a scissor-actuator-like higher-order object, the configuration of which could be controlled by the open and closed switching induced by irradiation with UV and Vis light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena M Willner
- Physik Department and Institute for Advanced Study, Technische Universität München, Am Coulombwall 4a, 85748, Garching near Munich, Germany
| | - Yuu Kamada
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yuki Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.,Current address: Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, Aramaki aza Aoba 6-3, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Tomoko Emura
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Kumi Hidaka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Hendrik Dietz
- Physik Department and Institute for Advanced Study, Technische Universität München, Am Coulombwall 4a, 85748, Garching near Munich, Germany
| | - Hiroshi Sugiyama
- Institute for Integrated Cell Material Sciences, Kyoto University, Yoshida-ushinomiyacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.,Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Masayuki Endo
- Institute for Integrated Cell Material Sciences, Kyoto University, Yoshida-ushinomiyacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.,Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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43
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Kamiya Y, Yamada Y, Muro T, Matsuura K, Asanuma H. DNA Microcapsule for Photo-Triggered Drug Release Systems. ChemMedChem 2017; 12:2016-2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201700512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Kamiya
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering; Graduate School of Engineering; Nagoya University; Furo-cho Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
- Institute of Materials and Systems for Sustainability; Nagoya University; Furo-cho Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Yamada
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering; Graduate School of Engineering; Nagoya University; Furo-cho Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
| | - Takahiro Muro
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering; Graduate School of Engineering; Nagoya University; Furo-cho Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
| | - Kazunori Matsuura
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology; Graduate School of Engineering; Tottori University; Koyama-Minami 4-101 Tottori 680-8552 Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Asanuma
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering; Graduate School of Engineering; Nagoya University; Furo-cho Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
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44
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Wang R, Jin C, Zhu X, Zhou L, Xuan W, Liu Y, Liu Q, Tan W. Artificial Base zT as Functional "Element" for Constructing Photoresponsive DNA Nanomolecules. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:9104-9107. [PMID: 28585836 PMCID: PMC5877792 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b02865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In contrast to small molecules, DNA and RNA macromolecules can be accurately formulated with base "elements" abbreviated as A, T, U, C, and G. However, the development of functionally artificial bases can result in the generation of new biomaterials with unique properties and applications. Therefore, we herein report the design and synthesis of a photoresponsive base as a new functional or molecular "element" for constructing DNA nanomolecules. The new base is made by fusion of an azobenzene with a natural T base (zT). zT, a new molecular element, is not only the most size-expanded T analogue but also a photoresponsive base capable of specific self-assembly through hydrogen bonding. Our results showed that stable and selective self-assembly of double-stranded DNAs occurred through zT-A base pairing, but it could still be efficiently dissociated by light irradiation. The photoresponsive DNA bases will provide the versatility required for constructing desired DNA nanomolecules and nanodevices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruowen Wang
- Molecular Sciences and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and College of Life Sciences, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
- Departments of Chemistry and Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, Center for Research at the Bio/Nano Interface, University Health Cancer Center, UF Genetics Institute and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Cheng Jin
- Molecular Sciences and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and College of Life Sciences, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhu
- Molecular Sciences and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and College of Life Sciences, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Liyi Zhou
- Molecular Sciences and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and College of Life Sciences, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Wenjing Xuan
- Molecular Sciences and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and College of Life Sciences, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Molecular Sciences and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and College of Life Sciences, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
- Departments of Chemistry and Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, Center for Research at the Bio/Nano Interface, University Health Cancer Center, UF Genetics Institute and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Qiaoling Liu
- Molecular Sciences and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and College of Life Sciences, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
- Departments of Chemistry and Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, Center for Research at the Bio/Nano Interface, University Health Cancer Center, UF Genetics Institute and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Weihong Tan
- Molecular Sciences and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and College of Life Sciences, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
- Departments of Chemistry and Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, Center for Research at the Bio/Nano Interface, University Health Cancer Center, UF Genetics Institute and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
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45
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Moldenhauer D, Gröhn F. Water-Soluble Spiropyrans with Inverse Photochromism and Their Photoresponsive Electrostatic Self-Assembly. Chemistry 2017; 23:3966-3978. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201605621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Moldenhauer
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM); Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Egerlandstraße 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Franziska Gröhn
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM); Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Egerlandstraße 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
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46
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Yang Y, Tashiro R, Suzuki Y, Emura T, Hidaka K, Sugiyama H, Endo M. A Photoregulated DNA-Based Rotary System and Direct Observation of Its Rotational Movement. Chemistry 2017; 23:3979-3985. [PMID: 28199775 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201605616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Various DNA-based nanodevices have been developed on the nanometer scale using light as regulation input. However, the programmed controllability is still a major challenge for these artificial nanodevices. Herein, we demonstrate a rotary DNA nanostructure in which the rotations are controlled by light. A bar-shaped DNA rotor, fabricated as a stiff double-crossover molecule, was placed on the top of a rectangular DNA tile. The photoresponsive oligonucleotides modified with azobenzenes were employed as switching motifs to release/trap the rotor at specific angular position on DNA tile by switching photoirradiations between ultraviolet and visible light. As a result, two reconfigurable states (perpendicular and parallel) of rotor were obtained, in which the angular changes were characterized by AFM and fluorescence quenching assays. Moreover, the reversible rotary motions during the photoirradiation were directly visualized on the DNA tile surface in a nanometer-scale precision using a second-scale scanning of the high-speed AFM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Yang
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Yoshida-ushinomiyacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.,Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan.,Present address: Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Ryu Tashiro
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science, 3500-3 Minanitamagakicho, Suzuka-shi, Mie, 513-8670, Japan
| | - Yuki Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan.,Present address: Frontier Research Institute, for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, Aramaki aza Aoba 6-3, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Tomoko Emura
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Kumi Hidaka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sugiyama
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Yoshida-ushinomiyacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.,Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Masayuki Endo
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Yoshida-ushinomiyacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
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Dai Z, Leung HM, Lo PK. Stimuli-Responsive Self-Assembled DNA Nanomaterials for Biomedical Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2017; 13:1602881. [PMID: 28005298 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201602881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive DNA-based materials represent a major class of remarkable functional nanomaterials for nano-biotechnological applications. In this review, recent progress in the development of stimuli-responsive systems based on self-assembled DNA nanostructures is introduced and classified. Representative examples are presented in terms of their design, working principles and mechanisms to trigger the response of the stimuli-responsive DNA system upon expose to a large variety of stimuli including pH, metal ions, oligonucleotides, small molecules, enzymes, heat, and light. Substantial in vitro studies have clearly revealed the advantages of the use of stimuli-responsive DNA nanomaterials in different biomedical applications, particularly for biosensing, drug delivery, therapy and diagnostic purposes in addition to bio-computing. Some of the challenges faced and suggestions for further development are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwen Dai
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Key Laboratory of Biochip Technology, Biotech and Health Centre, Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Hoi Man Leung
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Pik Kwan Lo
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Key Laboratory of Biochip Technology, Biotech and Health Centre, Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518057, China
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Song X, Eshra A, Dwyer C, Reif J. Renewable DNA seesaw logic circuits enabled by photoregulation of toehold-mediated strand displacement. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra02607b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
We propose a scalable design and verifications for photoregulated renewable DNA seesaw logic circuits, which can be repeatedly reset to reliably process new inputs. Synchronized control of complex DNA reaction networks could be achieved efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Song
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
- Duke University
- Durham
- USA
| | - Abeer Eshra
- Department of Computer Science
- Duke University
- Durham
- USA
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering
| | - Chris Dwyer
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
- Duke University
- Durham
- USA
- Department of Computer Science
| | - John Reif
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
- Duke University
- Durham
- USA
- Department of Computer Science
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49
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Design of photofunctional oligonucleotides by copolymerization of natural nucleobases with base surrogates prepared from acyclic scaffolds. Polym J 2016. [DOI: 10.1038/pj.2016.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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50
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Li P, Xie G, Kong XY, Zhang Z, Xiao K, Wen L, Jiang L. Light-Controlled Ion Transport through Biomimetic DNA-Based Channels. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201609161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pei Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Environment; Beihang University; Beijing 100191 P.R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science; Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P.R. China
| | - Ganhua Xie
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS); Key Laboratory of Green Printing; Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 P.R. China
| | - Xiang-Yu Kong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science; Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 P.R. China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS); Key Laboratory of Green Printing; Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 P.R. China
| | - Kai Xiao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS); Key Laboratory of Green Printing; Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 P.R. China
| | - Liping Wen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science; Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 P.R. China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Environment; Beihang University; Beijing 100191 P.R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science; Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 P.R. China
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