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Choi N, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Schlücker S. iSERS: from nanotag design to protein assays and ex vivo imaging. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:6675-6693. [PMID: 38828554 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs01060k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Proteins are an eminently important class of ubiquitous biomacromolecules with diverse biological functions, and numerous techniques for their detection, quantification, and localisation have been developed. Many of these methods exploit the selectivity arising from molecular recognition of proteins/antigens by immunoglobulins. The combination of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) with such "immuno"-techniques to immuno-SERS (iSERS) is the central topic of this review, which is focused on colloidal SERS nanotags, i.e., molecularly functionalised noble metal nanoparticles conjugated to antibodies, for their use in protein assays and ex vivo imaging. After contrasting the fundamental differences between label-free SERS and iSERS, including a balanced description of the advantages and drawbacks of the latter, we describe the usual workflow of iSERS experiments. Milestones in the development of the iSERS technology are summarised from a historical perspective. By highlighting selected examples from the literature, we illustrate the conceptual progress that has been achieved in the fields of iSERS-based protein assays and ex vivo imaging. Finally, we attempt to predict what is necessary to fully exploit the transformative potential of the iSERS technology by stimulating the transition from research in academic labs into applications for the benefit of our society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namhyun Choi
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE) & Center of Medical Biotechnology (ZMB), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, 45141, Germany.
| | - Yuying Zhang
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yuling Wang
- School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.
| | - Sebastian Schlücker
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE) & Center of Medical Biotechnology (ZMB), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, 45141, Germany.
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2
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Creamer A, Fiego AL, Agliano A, Prados-Martin L, Høgset H, Najer A, Richards DA, Wojciechowski JP, Foote JEJ, Kim N, Monahan A, Tang J, Shamsabadi A, Rochet LNC, Thanasi IA, de la Ballina LR, Rapley CL, Turnock S, Love EA, Bugeon L, Dallman MJ, Heeney M, Kramer-Marek G, Chudasama V, Fenaroli F, Stevens MM. Modular Synthesis of Semiconducting Graft Copolymers to Achieve "Clickable" Fluorescent Nanoparticles with Long Circulation and Specific Cancer Targeting. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2300413. [PMID: 36905683 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202300413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Semiconducting polymer nanoparticles (SPNs) are explored for applications in cancer theranostics because of their high absorption coefficients, photostability, and biocompatibility. However, SPNs are susceptible to aggregation and protein fouling in physiological conditions, which can be detrimental for in vivo applications. Here, a method for achieving colloidally stable and low-fouling SPNs is described by grafting poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) onto the backbone of the fluorescent semiconducting polymer, poly(9,9'-dioctylfluorene-5-fluoro-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole), in a simple one-step substitution reaction, postpolymerization. Further, by utilizing azide-functionalized PEG, anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) antibodies, antibody fragments, or affibodies are site-specifically "clicked" onto the SPN surface, which allows the functionalized SPNs to specifically target HER2-positive cancer cells. In vivo, the PEGylated SPNs are found to have excellent circulation efficiencies in zebrafish embryos for up to seven days postinjection. SPNs functionalized with affibodies are then shown to be able to target HER2 expressing cancer cells in a zebrafish xenograft model. The covalent PEGylated SPN system described herein shows great potential for cancer theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Creamer
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Alessandra Lo Fiego
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Alice Agliano
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Lino Prados-Martin
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Håkon Høgset
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Adrian Najer
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Daniel A Richards
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Jonathan P Wojciechowski
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - James E J Foote
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Nayoung Kim
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Amy Monahan
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Jiaqing Tang
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - André Shamsabadi
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Léa N C Rochet
- UCL Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Ioanna A Thanasi
- UCL Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Laura R de la Ballina
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, 0372, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, 0450, Norway
| | | | - Stephen Turnock
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Elizabeth A Love
- LifeArc, Accelerator Building, Open Innovation Campus, Stevenage, SG1 2FX, UK
| | - Laurence Bugeon
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Margaret J Dallman
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Martin Heeney
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Gabriela Kramer-Marek
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Vijay Chudasama
- UCL Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Federico Fenaroli
- Department of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, 4021, Norway
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Blindernveien 31, Oslo, 0371, Norway
| | - Molly M Stevens
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
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3
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Bagheri P, Eremina OE, Fernando A, Kamal M, Stegis I, Vazquez C, Shishido SN, Kuhn P, Zavaleta C. A Systematic Approach toward Enabling Maximal Targeting Efficiency of Cell Surface Proteins with Actively Targeted SERS Nanoparticles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:15847-15860. [PMID: 38507685 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c18959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
With their intricate design, nanoparticles (NPs) have become indispensable tools in the quest for precise cellular targeting. Among various NPs, gold NPs stand out with unique features such as chemical stability, biocompatibility, adjustable shape, and size-dependent optical properties, making them particularly promising for molecular detection by leveraging the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) effect. Their multiplexing abilities for the simultaneous identification of multiple biomarkers are important in the rapidly evolving landscape of diverse cellular phenotypes and biomolecular profiling. However, the challenge is ensuring that SERS NPs can effectively target specific cells and biomarkers among intricate cell types and biomolecules with high specificity. In this study, we improve the functionalization of SERS NPs, optimizing their targeting efficiency in cellular applications for ca. 160 nm NP-based probes. Spherical SERS NPs, conjugated with antibodies targeting epidermal growth factor receptor and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, were incubated with cells overexpressing these proteins, and their specific binding potential was quantified at each stage by using flow cytometry to achieve optimal targeting efficiency. We determined that maintaining an average of 3.5 × 105 thiols per NP, 300 antibodies per NP, 18,000 NPs per cell, conducting a 15 min staining incubation at 4 °C in a shaker, and using SM(PEG)12 as a cross-linker for the NP conjugation were crucial to achieve the highest targeting efficiency. Fluorescence and Raman imaging were used with these parameters to observe the maximum ability of these NPs to efficiently target suspended cells. These highly sensitive contrast agents demonstrate their pivotal role in effective active targeting, making them invaluable for multiplexing applications across diverse biological environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pegah Bagheri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, 3650 McClintock Ave, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
- USC Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, 1002 Childs Way, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Olga E Eremina
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, 3650 McClintock Ave, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
- USC Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, 1002 Childs Way, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Augusta Fernando
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, 3650 McClintock Ave, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
- USC Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, 1002 Childs Way, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Mohamed Kamal
- Convergent Science Institute in Cancer, Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Ingus Stegis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, 3650 McClintock Ave, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
- USC Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, 1002 Childs Way, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Celine Vazquez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, 3650 McClintock Ave, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
- USC Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, 1002 Childs Way, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Stephanie N Shishido
- Convergent Science Institute in Cancer, Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Peter Kuhn
- Convergent Science Institute in Cancer, Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Cristina Zavaleta
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, 3650 McClintock Ave, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
- USC Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, 1002 Childs Way, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
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4
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Liu A, Chai X, Zhu S, Chin PT, He M, Xu YJ, Liu Y. Effects of N-succinyl-chitosan coating on properties of astaxanthin-loaded PEG-liposomes: Environmental stability, antioxidant/antibacterial activities, and in vitro release. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:125311. [PMID: 37302627 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Astaxanthin (AST) has outstanding antioxidant and anti-inflammation bioactivities, but the low biocompatibility and stability limit its application in foods. In this study, N-succinyl-chitosan (NSC)-coated AST polyethylene glycol (PEG)-liposomes were constructed to enhance the biocompatibility, stability, and intestinal-targeted migration of AST. The AST NSC/PEG-liposomes were uniform in size, had larger particles, greater encapsulation efficiency, and better storage, pH, and temperature stability than the AST PEG-liposomes. AST NSC/PEG-liposomes exerted stronger antibacterial and antioxidant activities against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus than AST PEG-liposomes. The NSC coating not only protects AST PEG-liposomes from gastric acid but also prolongs the retention and sustained release of AST NSC/PEG-liposomes depending on the intestinal pH. Moreover, caco-2 cellular uptake studies showed that AST NSC/PEG-liposomes had higher cellular uptake efficiency than AST PEG-liposomes. And AST NSC/PEG-liposomes were taken up by caco-2 cells through clathrin mediated endocytic, macrophage pathways and paracellular transport pathway. These results further proved that AST NSC/PEG-liposomes delayed the release and promoted the intestinal absorption of AST. Hence, AST PEG-liposomes coated with NSC could potentially be used as an efficient delivery system for therapeutic AST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Xiuhang Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Shuang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Ping-Tan Chin
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University Putra Malaysia, Selangor 410500, Malaysia
| | - Mengxue He
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Yong-Jiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
| | - Yuanfa Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
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5
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Hsu JC, Tang Z, Eremina OE, Sofias AM, Lammers T, Lovell JF, Zavaleta C, Cai W, Cormode DP. Nanomaterial-based contrast agents. NATURE REVIEWS. METHODS PRIMERS 2023; 3:30. [PMID: 38130699 PMCID: PMC10732545 DOI: 10.1038/s43586-023-00211-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Medical imaging, which empowers the detection of physiological and pathological processes within living subjects, has a vital role in both preclinical and clinical diagnostics. Contrast agents are often needed to accompany anatomical data with functional information or to provide phenotyping of the disease in question. Many newly emerging contrast agents are based on nanomaterials as their high payloads, unique physicochemical properties, improved sensitivity and multimodality capacity are highly desired for many advanced forms of bioimaging techniques and applications. Here, we review the developments in the field of nanomaterial-based contrast agents. We outline important nanomaterial design considerations and discuss the effect on their physicochemical attributes, contrast properties and biological behaviour. We also describe commonly used approaches for formulating, functionalizing and characterizing these nanomaterials. Key applications are highlighted by categorizing nanomaterials on the basis of their X-ray, magnetic, nuclear, optical and/or photoacoustic contrast properties. Finally, we offer our perspectives on current challenges and emerging research topics as well as expectations for future advancements in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica C. Hsu
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Zhongmin Tang
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Olga E. Eremina
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alexandros Marios Sofias
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Twan Lammers
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jonathan F. Lovell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Cristina Zavaleta
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Weibo Cai
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - David P. Cormode
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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6
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Liu R, Luo C, Pang Z, Zhang J, Ruan S, Wu M, Wang L, Sun T, Li N, Han L, Shi J, Huang Y, Guo W, Peng S, Zhou W, Gao H. Advances of nanoparticles as drug delivery systems for disease diagnosis and treatment. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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7
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Shipunova VO, Deyev SM. Artificial Scaffold Polypeptides As an Efficient Tool for the Targeted Delivery of Nanostructures In Vitro and In Vivo. Acta Naturae 2022; 14:54-72. [PMID: 35441046 PMCID: PMC9013437 DOI: 10.32607/actanaturae.11545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of traditional tools for the targeted delivery of nanostructures, such as antibodies, transferrin, lectins, or aptamers, often leads to an entire range of undesirable effects. The large size of antibodies often does not allow one to reach the required number of molecules on the surface of nanostructures during modification, and the constant domains of heavy chains, due to their effector functions, can induce phagocytosis. In the recent two decades, targeted polypeptide scaffold molecules of a non-immunoglobulin nature, antibody mimetics, have emerged as much more effective targeting tools. They are small in size (3-20 kDa), possess high affinity (from subnano- to femtomolar binding constants), low immunogenicity, and exceptional thermodynamic stability. These molecules can be effectively produced in bacterial cells, and, using genetic engineering manipulations, it is possible to create multispecific fusion proteins for the targeting of nanoparticles to cells with a given molecular portrait, which makes scaffold polypeptides an optimal tool for theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. O. Shipunova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997 Russia
| | - S. M. Deyev
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997 Russia
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8
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Eremina OE, Eremin DB, Czaja A, Zavaleta C. Selecting Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Flavors for Multiplexed Imaging Applications: Beyond the Experiment. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:5564-5570. [PMID: 34105967 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c01504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Multiplexing capabilities and sensitivity of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) nanoparticles (NPs) are strongly dependent on the selected Raman reporter. These Raman-active molecules are responsible for giving each batch of SERS NPs its unique spectral fingerprint. Herein, we studied four types of SERS NPs, namely, AuNPs labeled with trans-1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethylene (BPE), 4,4'-bis(mercaptomethyl)biphenyl (BMMBP), 5-(4-pyridyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-thiol (PODT), and 5-(4-pyridyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol (PTT), and demonstrated that the best level of theory could be chosen based on inner products of DFT-calculated and experimental Raman spectra. We also calculated the theoretical spectra of these Raman reporters bound to Au20 clusters to interrogate how SERS enhancement would affect their spectral fingerprint. Importantly, we found a correlation between B3LYP-D3 calculated and experimental enhancement factors, which opens up an avenue toward predicting which Raman reporters could offer improved sensitivity. We observed 0.5 and 3 fM limits of detection for BMMBP- and PTT-labeled 60 nm AuNPs, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga E Eremina
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, 3650 McClintock Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
- Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, 1002 Childs Way, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Dmitry B Eremin
- Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, 1002 Childs Way, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, 3620 McClintock Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Alexander Czaja
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, 3650 McClintock Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
- Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, 1002 Childs Way, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Cristina Zavaleta
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, 3650 McClintock Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
- Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, 1002 Childs Way, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
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9
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Nanomedicines functionalized with anti-EGFR ligands for active targeting in cancer therapy: Biological strategy, design and quality control. Int J Pharm 2021; 605:120795. [PMID: 34119579 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Recently, active targeting using nanocarriers with biological ligands has emerged as a novel strategy for improving the delivery of therapeutic and/or imaging agents to tumor cells. The presence of active targeting moieties on the surface of nanomedicines has been shown to play an important role in enhancing their accumulation in tumoral cells and tissues versus healthy ones. This property not only helps to increase the therapeutic index but also to minimize possible side effects of the designed nanocarriers. Since the overexpression of epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR) is a common occurrence linked to the progression of a broad variety of cancers, the potential application of anti-EGFR immunotherapy and EGFR-targeting ligands in active targeting nanomedicines is getting increasing attention. Henceforth, the EGFR-targeted nanomedicines were extensively studied in vitro and in vivo but exhibited both satisfactory and disappointing results, depending on used protocols. This review is designed to give an overview of a variety of EGFR-targeting ligands available for nanomedicines, how to conjugate them onto the surface of nanoparticles, and the main analytical methods to confirm this successful conjugation.
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10
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Salinas HR, Miyasato DL, Eremina OE, Perez R, Gonzalez KL, Czaja AT, Burkitt S, Aron A, Fernando A, Ojeda LS, Larson KN, Mohamed AW, Campbell JL, Goins BA, Zavaleta C. A colorful approach towards developing new nano-based imaging contrast agents for improved cancer detection. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:482-495. [PMID: 32812951 PMCID: PMC7855687 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm01099e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Providing physicians with new imaging agents to help detect cancer with better sensitivity and specificity has the potential to significantly improve patient outcomes. Development of new imaging agents could offer improved early cancer detection during routine screening or help surgeons identify tumor margins for surgical resection. In this study, we evaluate the optical properties of a colorful class of dyes and pigments that humans routinely encounter. The pigments are often used in tattoo inks and the dyes are FDA approved for the coloring of foods, drugs, and cosmetics. We characterized their absorption, fluorescence and Raman scattering properties in the hopes of identifying a new panel of dyes that offer exceptional imaging contrast. We found that some of these coloring agents, coined as "optical inks", exhibit a multitude of useful optical properties, outperforming some of the clinically approved imaging dyes on the market. The best performing optical inks (Green 8 and Orange 16) were further incorporated into liposomal nanoparticles to assess their tumor targeting and optical imaging potential. Mouse xenograft models of colorectal, cervical and lymphoma tumors were used to evaluate the newly developed nano-based imaging contrast agents. After intravenous injection, fluorescence imaging revealed significant localization of the new "optical ink" liposomal nanoparticles in all three tumor models as opposed to their neighboring healthy tissues (p < 0.05). If further developed, these coloring agents could play important roles in the clinical setting. A more sensitive imaging contrast agent could enable earlier cancer detection or help guide surgical resection of tumors, both of which have been shown to significantly improve patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen R Salinas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, 1002 Childs Way, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
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11
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Molecular Imaging Using Raman Scattering. Mol Imaging 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-816386-3.00019-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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12
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Abstract
Photoacoustic (PA) imaging is an emerging imaging modality whereby pulsed laser illumination generates pressure transients that are detectable using conventional ultrasound. Plasmonic nanoparticles such as gold nanorods and nanostars are often used as PA contrast agents. The thermoelastic expansion model best describes the PA response from plasmonic nanoparticles: Light absorption causes a small increase in temperature leading to thermoelastic expansion. The conversion of optical energy into pressure waves (po) is dependent on several features: (i) the absorption coefficient (μa), (ii) the thermal expansion coefficient (β), (iii) specific heat capacity (Cp) of the absorbing material, (iv) speed of sound in the medium (c), and (v) the illumination fluence (F). Controlling the geometry, composition, coatings, and solvents around plasmonic nanostructures can help tune these variables to generate the optimum PA signal. The thermoelastic expansion model is not limited to plasmonic structures and holds true for all absorbing molecules. Here, we focus on ways to engineer these variables to enhance the PA response from plasmonic nanoparticles.
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13
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Li X, Zeng E, Di H, Li Q, Ji J, Yang J, Liu D. When Prussian Blue Meets Porous Gold Nanoparticles: A High Signal-to-Background Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Probe for Cellular Biomarker Imaging. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 3:e1900046. [PMID: 32648671 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201900046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Profiling cellular biomarkers without the interference of endogenous signals could facilitate the investigation of complex intracellular biological events and provide new possibilities for precision disease diagnosis. Herein, a surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) probe with a high signal-to-background ratio (SBR) for cellular biomarker imaging is constructed. The probes are prepared by incorporating Prussian blue (PB) with porous gold nanoparticles (p-Au NPs). Due to their rich built-in Raman hotspots, the p-Au NPs are excellent SERS substrates that can significantly amplify the signals of the incorporated PB. In parallel, PB shows a single peak in the cellular silent region, where the signals from the probes and endogenous molecules can be completely resolved without the need of complex spectral unmixing. As a consequence, the combination of probe signal enhancement and background elimination endows the SERS probes with an extremely high SBR. To evaluate their performance in biomarker imaging, the high-SBR SERS probes are utilized to profile folic acids at a single-cell level. This background-free, high-precision imaging technique is conducive to early diagnosis and therapeutic response of cancer that is of great importance in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejing Li
- College of Chemistry, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, and Tianjin Key, Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Erzao Zeng
- College of Chemistry, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, and Tianjin Key, Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Huixia Di
- College of Chemistry, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, and Tianjin Key, Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Qiang Li
- College of Chemistry, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, and Tianjin Key, Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jingwei Ji
- College of Chemistry, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, and Tianjin Key, Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jie Yang
- College of Chemistry, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, and Tianjin Key, Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Dingbin Liu
- College of Chemistry, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, and Tianjin Key, Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
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14
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Talebzadeh S, Queffélec C, Knight DA. Surface modification of plasmonic noble metal-metal oxide core-shell nanoparticles. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2019; 1:4578-4591. [PMID: 36133114 PMCID: PMC9443677 DOI: 10.1039/c9na00581a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive survey on the methods for the surface modification of plasmonic noble metal-metal oxide core-shell nanoparticles is presented. The review highlights various strategies for covalent attachment and electrostatic binding of molecules and molecular ions to core-shell nanoparticles with a focus on plasmonically active silver and gold nanoparticles encapsulated by SiO2 and TiO2 shells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Talebzadeh
- Department of Biomedical & Chemical Engineering & Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology 150 West University Boulevard Melbourne Florida 32901 USA
| | | | - D Andrew Knight
- Department of Biomedical & Chemical Engineering & Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology 150 West University Boulevard Melbourne Florida 32901 USA
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15
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Darienzo RE, Wang J, Chen O, Sullivan M, Mironava T, Kim H, Tannenbaum R. Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Characterization of Breast Cell Phenotypes: Effect of Nanoparticle Geometry. ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS 2019; 2:6960-6970. [PMID: 34308266 PMCID: PMC8297918 DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.9b01436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The use of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) to delineate between the breast epithelial cell lines MCF10A, SK-BR-3, and MDA-MB-231 is explored utilizing varied morphologies of gold nanoparticles. The nanoparticles studied had spherical, star-like, and quasi-fractal (nanocaltrop) morphologies and possessed varying degrees of surface inhomogeneity and complexity. The efficacy of Raman enhancement of these nanoparticles was a function of their size, their surface morphology, and the associated density of "hot spots," as well as their cellular uptake. The spherical and star-like nanoparticles provided strong signal enhancement that allowed for the discernment among the three cell phenotypes based solely on the acquired Raman spectra. The presence of overlapping Raman band spectral regions, as well as unique spectral bands, suggests that the underlying biological differences between these cells can be accessed without the need for tagging the nanoparticles or for specific cell targeting, demonstrating the potential ubiquity of this technique in imaging any cancer. This work provides clear evidence for the potential application of SERS as a tool for mapping cancerous lesions, possibly during surgery and under histopathological analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard E. Darienzo
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Jingming Wang
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, 11794, United States
| | - Olivia Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Maurinne Sullivan
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Tatsiana Mironava
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Hyungjin Kim
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, 11794, United States
| | - Rina Tannenbaum
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
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16
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Darienzo RE, Mironava T, Tannenbaum R. Raman Signal Enhancement by Quasi-Fractal Geometries of Au Nanoparticles. JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 19:4740-4746. [PMID: 30913781 PMCID: PMC6883356 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2019.16348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of star-like gold nanoparticles (SGNs) in a temperature-controlled environment allows for temperature modulation and facilitates the growth of highly branched nanoparticles. By increasing the synthesis temperature, the level of branching increases as well. These highly branched features represent a distinctly novel, quasi-fractal nanoparticle morphology, referred to herein as gold nano caltrops (GNC). The increased surface roughness, local curvature and degree of inhomogeneity of GNC lend themselves to generating improved enhancement of the scattering signals in surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) via a mechanism in which the localized surface plasmon sites, or "hot spots," provide the engine for the signal amplification, rather than the more conventional surface plasmon. Here, the synthesis procedure and the surface-enhancing capabilities of GNC are described and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard E Darienzo
- Biomedical Nanomaterials Research Laboratory, Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Tatsiana Mironava
- Biomedical Nanomaterials Research Laboratory, Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Rina Tannenbaum
- Biomedical Nanomaterials Research Laboratory, Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
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17
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Delineating the tumor margin with intraoperative surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:3993-4006. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-01577-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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18
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A Raman Imaging Approach Using CD47 Antibody-Labeled SERS Nanoparticles for Identifying Breast Cancer and Its Potential to Guide Surgical Resection. NANOMATERIALS 2018; 8:nano8110953. [PMID: 30463284 PMCID: PMC6265869 DOI: 10.3390/nano8110953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Raman spectroscopic imaging has shown great promise for improved cancer detection and localization with the use of tumor targeting surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) nanoparticles. With the ultrasensitive detection and multiplexing capabilities that SERS imaging has to offer, scientists have been investigating several clinical applications that could benefit from this unique imaging strategy. Recently, there has been a push to develop new image-guidance tools for surgical resection to help surgeons sensitively and specifically identify tumor margins in real time. We hypothesized that SERS nanoparticles (NPs) topically applied to breast cancer resection margins have the potential to provide real-time feedback on the presence of residual cancer in the resection margins during lumpectomy. Here, we explore the ability of SERS nanoparticles conjugated with a cluster of differentiation-47 (CD47) antibody to target breast cancer. CD47 is a cell surface receptor that has recently been shown to be overexpressed on several solid tumor types. The binding potential of our CD47-labeled SERS nanoparticles was assessed using fluorescence assisted cell sorting (FACS) on seven different human breast cancer cell lines, some of which were triple negative (negative expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2)). Xenograft mouse models were also used to assess the ability of our Raman imaging system to identify tumor from normal tissue. A ratiometric imaging strategy was used to quantify specific vs. nonspecific probe binding, resulting in improved tumor-to-background ratios. FACS analysis showed that CD47-labeled SERS nanoparticles bound to seven different breast cancer cell lines at levels 12-fold to 70-fold higher than isotype control-labeled nanoparticles (p < 0.01), suggesting that our CD47-targeted nanoparticles actively bind to CD47 on breast cancer cells. In a mouse xenograft model of human breast cancer, topical application of CD47-targeted nanoparticles to excised normal and cancer tissue revealed increased binding of CD47-targeted nanoparticles on tumor relative to normal adjacent tissue. The findings of this study support further investigation and suggest that SERS nanoparticles topically applied to breast cancer could guide more complete surgical resection during lumpectomy.
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Sánchez-Purrà M, Roig-Solvas B, Rodriguez-Quijada C, Leonardo BM, Hamad-Schifferli K. Reporter Selection for Nanotags in Multiplexed Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Assays. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:10733-10742. [PMID: 30320250 PMCID: PMC6173495 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b01499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
We report a quantitative evaluation of the choice of reporters for multiplexed surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). An initial library consisted of 15 reporter molecules that included commonly used Raman dyes, thiolated reporters, and other small molecules. We used a correlation matrix to downselect Raman reporters from the library to choose five candidates: 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethylene, 4-mercaptobenzoic acid, 3,5-dichlorobenzenthiol, pentachlorothiophenol, and 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid). We evaluated the ability to distinguish the five SERS reporters in a dipstick immunoassay for the biomarker human IgG. Raman nanotags, or gold nanostars conjugated to the five reporters and anti-human IgG polyclonal antibodies were constructed. A linear discriminant analysis approach was used to evaluate the separation of the nanotag spectra in mixtures of fixed ratios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Sánchez-Purrà
- Department
of Engineering and Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts
Boston, 100 Morrissey Blvd., Boston, Massachusetts 02125, United States
| | - Biel Roig-Solvas
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Cristina Rodriguez-Quijada
- Department
of Engineering and Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts
Boston, 100 Morrissey Blvd., Boston, Massachusetts 02125, United States
| | - Brianna M. Leonardo
- Department
of Engineering and Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts
Boston, 100 Morrissey Blvd., Boston, Massachusetts 02125, United States
| | - Kimberly Hamad-Schifferli
- Department
of Engineering and Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts
Boston, 100 Morrissey Blvd., Boston, Massachusetts 02125, United States
- E-mail: (K.H.-S.)
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20
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Brasino M, Roy S, Erbse AH, He L, Mao C, Park W, Cha JN, Goodwin AP. Anti-EGFR Affibodies with Site-Specific Photo-Cross-Linker Incorporation Show Both Directed Target-Specific Photoconjugation and Increased Retention in Tumors. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:11820-11828. [PMID: 30203972 PMCID: PMC6689236 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b07601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A significant challenge for solid tumor treatment is ensuring that a sufficient concentration of therapeutic agent is delivered to the tumor site at doses that can be tolerated by the patient. Biomolecular targeting can bias accumulation in tumors by taking advantage of specific interactions with receptors overexpressed on cancerous cells. However, while antibody-based immunoconjugates show high binding to specific cells, their low dissociation constants ( KD) and large Stokes radii hinder their ability to penetrate deep into tumor tissue, leading to incomplete cell killing and tumor recurrence. To address this, we demonstrate the design and production of a photo-cross-linkable affibody that can form a covalent bond to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) under near UV irradiation. Twelve cysteine mutations were created of an EGFR affibody and conjugated with maleimide-benzophenone. Of these only one exhibited photoconjugation to EGFR, as demonstrated by SDS-PAGE and Western blot. Next this modified affibody was shown to not only bind EGFR expressing cells but also show enhanced retention in a 3D tumor spheroid model, with minimal loss up to 24 h as compared to either unmodified EGFR-binding affibodies or nonbinding, photo-cross-linkable affibodies. Finally, in order to show utility of photo-cross-linking at clinically relevant wavelengths, upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs) were synthesized that could convert 980 nm light to UV and blue light. In the presence of UCNPs, both direct photoconjugation to EGFR and enhanced retention in tumor spheroids could be obtained using near-infrared illumination. Thus, the photoactive affibodies developed here may be utilized as a platform technology for engineering new therapy conjugates that can penetrate deep into tumor tissue and be retained long enough for effective tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Brasino
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, 596 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Shambojit Roy
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, 596 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Annette H. Erbse
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, 596 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Liangcan He
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, 596 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Chenchen Mao
- Department of Electrical, Computer, and Energy Engineering, University of Colorado, 596 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Wounjhang Park
- Department of Electrical, Computer, and Energy Engineering, University of Colorado, 596 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado, 596 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Jennifer N. Cha
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, 596 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado, 596 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Andrew P. Goodwin
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, 596 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado, 596 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
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21
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Nanomedicine for cancer diagnosis and therapy: advancement, success and structure-activity relationship. Ther Deliv 2018; 8:1003-1018. [PMID: 29061101 DOI: 10.4155/tde-2017-0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Multifunctional nanoparticles (NPs), composed of organic and inorganic materials, have been explored as promising drug-delivery vehicles for cancer diagnosis and therapy. The success of nanosystems has been attributed to its smaller size, biocompatibility, selective tumor accumulation and reduced toxicity. The relationship among numbers of molecules in payload, NP diameter and encapsulation efficacy have crucial role in clinical translation. Advancement of bioengineering, and systematic fine-tuning of functional components to NPs have diversified their optical and theranostic properties. In this review, we summarize wide varieties of NPs, such as ultrasmall polymer-lipid hybrid NPs, dendrimers, liposomes, quantum dots, carbon nanotubes, gold NPs and iron oxide NPs. We also discuss their tumor targetability, tissue penetration, pharmacokinetics, and therapeutic and diagnostic properties. [Formula: see text].
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22
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Abstract
The development of novel nanoparticles consisting of both diagnostic and therapeutic components has increased over the past decade. These "theranostic" nanoparticles have been tailored toward one or more types of imaging modalities and have been developed for optical imaging, magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasound, computed tomography, and nuclear imaging comprising both single-photon computed tomography and positron emission tomography. In this review, we focus on state-of-the-art theranostic nanoparticles that are capable of both delivering therapy and self-reporting/tracking disease through imaging. We discuss challenges and the opportunity to rapidly adjust treatment for individualized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Zavaleta
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Dean Ho
- School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Eun Ji Chung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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23
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24
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Kang S, Wang Y“W, Xu X, Navarro E, Tichauer KM, Liu JT. Microscopic investigation of" topically applied nanoparticles for molecular imaging of fresh tissue surfaces. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2018; 11:e201700246. [PMID: 29227576 PMCID: PMC5903997 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201700246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that functionalized nanoparticles (NPs) topically applied on fresh tissues are able to rapidly target cell-surface protein biomarkers of cancer. Furthermore, studies have shown that a paired-agent approach, in which an untargeted NP is co-administered with a panel of targeted NPs, controls for the nonspecific behavior of the NPs, enabling quantitative imaging of biomarker expression. However, given the complexities in nonspecific accumulation, diffusion, and chemical binding of targeted NPs in tissues, studies are needed to better understand these processes at the microscopic scale. Here, fresh tissues were stained with a paired-agent approach, frozen, and sectioned to image the depth-dependent accumulation of targeted and untargeted NPs. The ratio of targeted-to-untargeted NP concentrations-a parameter used to distinguish between tumor and benign tissues-was found to diminish with increasing NP diffusion depths due to nonspecific accumulation and poor washout. It was then hypothesized and experimentally demonstrated that larger NPs would exhibit less diffusion below tissue surfaces, enabling higher targeted-to-untargeted NP ratios. In summary, these methods and investigations have enabled the design of NP agents with improved sensitivity and contrast for rapid molecular imaging of fresh tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyoung Kang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Yu “Winston” Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Xiaochun Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL
| | - Eric Navarro
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL
| | - Kenneth M. Tichauer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL
| | - Jonathan T.C. Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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25
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Bang J, Park H, Choi WI, Sung D, Lee JH, Lee KY, Kim S. Sensitive detection of dengue virus NS1 by highly stable affibody-functionalized gold nanoparticles. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj02244e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The anti-NS1 affibody-functionalized gold nanoparticles based ELISA resulted in a 14.2-fold signal amplification performance for dengue NS1 detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinho Bang
- Korea Institute of Ceramic Engineering and Technology
- Center for Convergence Bioceramic Materials
- Cheongjusi
- South Korea
- Department of Bioengineering
| | - Heesun Park
- Korea Institute of Ceramic Engineering and Technology
- Center for Convergence Bioceramic Materials
- Cheongjusi
- South Korea
| | - Won Il Choi
- Korea Institute of Ceramic Engineering and Technology
- Center for Convergence Bioceramic Materials
- Cheongjusi
- South Korea
| | - Daekyung Sung
- Korea Institute of Ceramic Engineering and Technology
- Center for Convergence Bioceramic Materials
- Cheongjusi
- South Korea
| | - Jin Hyung Lee
- Korea Institute of Ceramic Engineering and Technology
- Center for Convergence Bioceramic Materials
- Cheongjusi
- South Korea
| | - Kuen Yong Lee
- Department of Bioengineering
- Hanyang University
- Seoul
- South Korea
| | - Sunghyun Kim
- Korea Institute of Ceramic Engineering and Technology
- Center for Convergence Bioceramic Materials
- Cheongjusi
- South Korea
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26
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Cheng K, Chen H, Jenkins CH, Zhang G, Zhao W, Zhang Z, Han F, Fung J, Yang M, Jiang Y, Xing L, Cheng Z. Synthesis, Characterization, and Biomedical Applications of a Targeted Dual-Modal Near-Infrared-II Fluorescence and Photoacoustic Imaging Nanoprobe. ACS NANO 2017; 11:12276-12291. [PMID: 29202225 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b05966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Our development of multifunctional dual-modal imaging probes aims to integrate the benefits from both second near-infrared (NIR-II) fluorescence (1000-1700 nm) and photoacoustic imaging with an ultimate goal of improving overall cancer diagnosis efficacy. Herein we designed a donor-acceptor chromophore based nanoparticle (DAP) as a dual-modal image contrast agent has strong absorption in the NIR-I window and a strong fluorescence emission peak in the NIR-II region. The dual-modal DAPs composed of D-π-A-π-D-type chromophores were PEGylated through nanoprecipitation. The multifunctional DAP surface was thus available for subsequent bioconjugation of EGFR Affibody (Ac-Cys-ZEGFR:1907) to target EGFR-positive cancers. The Affibody-conjugated DAPs appeared as highly monodisperse nanoparticles (∼30 nm) with strong absorption in the NIR-I window (at ca. 680 nm) and an extremely high fluorescence in the NIR-II region (maximum peak at 1000 nm). Consequently, the Affibody-DAPs show significantly enhanced photoacoustic and NIR-II fluorescence contrast effects in both in vitro and in vivo experiments. Moreover, the Affibody-DAPs have the capability to selectively target EGFR-positive tumors in an FTC-133 subcutaneous mouse model with relatively high photoacoustic and fluorescent signals. By taking advantage of high spatial resolution and excellent temporal resolution, photoacoustic/NIR-II fluorescence imaging with targeted dual-modal contrast agents allows us to specifically image and detect various cancers and diseases in an accurate manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Cheng
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Bio-X Program, Department of Radiology, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305-5344, United States
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California 94305-5847, United States
| | - Hao Chen
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Bio-X Program, Department of Radiology, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305-5344, United States
| | - Cesare H Jenkins
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California 94305-5847, United States
| | - Guanglei Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California 94305-5847, United States
- School of Computer and Information Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University , Beijing 100044, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California 94305-5847, United States
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Bio-X Program, Department of Radiology, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305-5344, United States
| | - Fei Han
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California 94305-5847, United States
| | - Jonathan Fung
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Bio-X Program, Department of Radiology, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305-5344, United States
| | - Meng Yang
- Department of Ultrasound, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College Hospital , Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yuxin Jiang
- Department of Ultrasound, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College Hospital , Beijing 100730, China
| | - Lei Xing
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California 94305-5847, United States
| | - Zhen Cheng
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Bio-X Program, Department of Radiology, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305-5344, United States
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Venditti I, Cartoni A, Fontana L, Testa G, Scaramuzzo F, Faccini R, Terracciano CM, Camillocci ES, Morganti S, Giordano A, Scotognella T, Rotili D, Dini V, Marini F, Fratoddi I. Y3+ embedded in polymeric nanoparticles: Morphology, dimension and stability of composite colloidal system. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2017.05.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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28
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29
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Campbell JL, SoRelle ED, Ilovich O, Liba O, James ML, Qiu Z, Perez V, Chan CT, de la Zerda A, Zavaleta C. Multimodal assessment of SERS nanoparticle biodistribution post ingestion reveals new potential for clinical translation of Raman imaging. Biomaterials 2017; 135:42-52. [PMID: 28486147 PMCID: PMC6252087 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 04/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Despite extensive research and development, new nano-based diagnostic contrast agents have faced major barriers in gaining regulatory approval due to their potential systemic toxicity and prolonged retention in vital organs. Here we use five independent biodistribution techniques to demonstrate that oral ingestion of one such agent, gold-silica Raman nanoparticles, results in complete clearance with no systemic toxicity in living mice. The oral delivery mimics topical administration to the oral cavity and gastrointestinal (GI) tract as an alternative to intravenous injection. Biodistribution and clearance profiles of orally (OR) vs. intravenously (IV) administered Raman nanoparticles were assayed over the course of 48 h. Mice given either an IV or oral dose of Raman nanoparticles radiolabeled with approximately 100 μCi (3.7MBq) of 64Cu were imaged with dynamic microPET immediately post nanoparticle administration. Static microPET images were also acquired at 2 h, 5 h, 24 h and 48 h. Mice were sacrificed post imaging and various analyses were performed on the excised organs to determine nanoparticle localization. The results from microPET imaging, gamma counting, Raman imaging, ICP-MS, and hyperspectral imaging of tissue sections all correlated to reveal no evidence of systemic distribution of Raman nanoparticles after oral administration and complete clearance from the GI tract within 24 h. Paired with the unique signals and multiplexing potential of Raman nanoparticles, this approach holds great promise for realizing targeted imaging of tumors and dysplastic tissues within the oral cavity and GI-tract. Moreover, these results suggest a viable path for the first translation of high-sensitivity Raman contrast imaging into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jos L Campbell
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford University, 318 Campus Dr., Stanford, CA 94305, United States; RMIT University, 124 Latrobe St, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia; Department of Radiology, Stanford University, 1201 Welch Rd., Stanford, CA 94305, United States
| | - Elliott D SoRelle
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford University, 318 Campus Dr., Stanford, CA 94305, United States; Biophysics Program, Stanford University, 291 Campus Dr., Stanford, CA 94305, United States; Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University, 299 Campus Dr., Stanford, CA 94305, United States
| | - Ohad Ilovich
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford University, 318 Campus Dr., Stanford, CA 94305, United States; Department of Radiology, Stanford University, 1201 Welch Rd., Stanford, CA 94305, United States; inviCRO, LLC, Imaging Services and Software, 27 Drydock Ave., Boston, MA 02210, United States
| | - Orly Liba
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford University, 318 Campus Dr., Stanford, CA 94305, United States; Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, 350 Serra Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, United States
| | - Michelle L James
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford University, 318 Campus Dr., Stanford, CA 94305, United States; Department of Radiology, Stanford University, 1201 Welch Rd., Stanford, CA 94305, United States
| | - Zhen Qiu
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford University, 318 Campus Dr., Stanford, CA 94305, United States; Department of Radiology, Stanford University, 1201 Welch Rd., Stanford, CA 94305, United States; Department of Pediatrics, 300 Pasteur Dr. H310, Stanford, CA 94305, United States
| | - Valerie Perez
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford University, 318 Campus Dr., Stanford, CA 94305, United States; Department of Radiology, Stanford University, 1201 Welch Rd., Stanford, CA 94305, United States; Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, 443 Via Ortega, Stanford, CA 94305, United States
| | - Carmel T Chan
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford University, 318 Campus Dr., Stanford, CA 94305, United States; Department of Radiology, Stanford University, 1201 Welch Rd., Stanford, CA 94305, United States
| | - Adam de la Zerda
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford University, 318 Campus Dr., Stanford, CA 94305, United States; Biophysics Program, Stanford University, 291 Campus Dr., Stanford, CA 94305, United States; Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University, 299 Campus Dr., Stanford, CA 94305, United States; Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, 350 Serra Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, United States
| | - Cristina Zavaleta
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford University, 318 Campus Dr., Stanford, CA 94305, United States; Department of Radiology, Stanford University, 1201 Welch Rd., Stanford, CA 94305, United States.
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Abstract
The unique spectral signatures and biologically inert compositions of surface-enhanced resonance Raman scattering (SERRS) nanoparticles make them promising contrast agents for in vivo cancer imaging. Our SERRS nanoparticles consist of a 60-nm gold nanoparticle core that is encapsulated in a 15-nm-thick silica shell wherein the resonant Raman reporter is embedded. Subtle aspects of their preparation can shift their limit of detection by orders of magnitude. In this protocol, we present the optimized, step-by-step procedure for generating reproducible SERRS nanoparticles with femtomolar (10-15 M) limits of detection. We provide ways of characterizing the optical properties of SERRS nanoparticles using UV/VIS and Raman spectroscopy, and their physicochemical properties using transmission electron microscopy and nanoparticle tracking analysis. We introduce several applications of these nanoprobes for biomedical research, with a focus on intraoperative cancer imaging via Raman imaging. A detailed account is provided for successful i.v. administration of SERRS nanoparticles such that delineation of cancerous lesions can be achieved in vivo and ex vivo on resected tissues without the need for specific biomarker targeting. This straightforward, yet comprehensive, protocol-from initial de novo gold nanoparticle synthesis to SERRS nanoparticle contrast-enhanced preclinical Raman imaging in animal models-takes ∼96 h.
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31
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Wang YW, Reder NP, Kang S, Glaser AK, Yang Q, Wall MA, Javid SH, Dintzis SM, Liu JTC. Raman-Encoded Molecular Imaging with Topically Applied SERS Nanoparticles for Intraoperative Guidance of Lumpectomy. Cancer Res 2017; 77:4506-4516. [PMID: 28615226 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-0709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Intraoperative identification of carcinoma at lumpectomy margins would enable reduced re-excision rates, which are currently as high as 20% to 50%. Although imaging of disease-associated biomarkers can identify malignancies with high specificity, multiplexed imaging of such biomarkers is necessary to detect molecularly heterogeneous carcinomas with high sensitivity. We have developed a Raman-encoded molecular imaging (REMI) technique in which targeted nanoparticles are topically applied on excised tissues to enable rapid visualization of a multiplexed panel of cell surface biomarkers at surgical margin surfaces. A first-ever clinical study was performed in which 57 fresh specimens were imaged with REMI to simultaneously quantify the expression of four biomarkers HER2, ER, EGFR, and CD44. Combined detection of these biomarkers enabled REMI to achieve 89.3% sensitivity and 92.1% specificity for the detection of breast carcinoma. These results highlight the sensitivity and specificity of REMI to detect biomarkers in freshly resected tissue, which has the potential to reduce the rate of re-excision procedures in cancer patients. Cancer Res; 77(16); 4506-16. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Winston Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
| | - Nicholas P Reder
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.,Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Soyoung Kang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Adam K Glaser
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Qian Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.,Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Matthew A Wall
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Sara H Javid
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Suzanne M Dintzis
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jonathan T C Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
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He L, Brasino M, Mao C, Cho S, Park W, Goodwin AP, Cha JN. DNA-Assembled Core-Satellite Upconverting-Metal-Organic Framework Nanoparticle Superstructures for Efficient Photodynamic Therapy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2017; 13:10.1002/smll.201700504. [PMID: 28481463 PMCID: PMC6697551 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201700504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 03/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
DNA-mediated assembly of core-satellite structures composed of Zr(IV)-based porphyrinic metal-organic framework (MOF) and NaYF4 ,Yb,Er upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs) for photodynamic therapy (PDT) is reported. MOF NPs generate singlet oxygen (1 O2 ) upon photoirradiation with visible light without the need for additional small molecule, diffusional photosensitizers such as porphyrins. Using DNA as a templating agent, well-defined MOF-UCNP clusters are produced where UCNPs are spatially organized around a centrally located MOF NP. Under NIR irradiation, visible light emitted from the UCNPs is absorbed by the core MOF NP to produce 1 O2 at significantly greater amounts than what can be produced from simply mixing UCNPs and MOF NPs. The MOF-UCNP core-satellite superstructures also induce strong cell cytotoxicity against cancer cells, which are further enhanced by attaching epidermal growth factor receptor targeting affibodies to the PDT clusters, highlighting their promise as theranostic photodynamic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangcan He
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
| | - Michael Brasino
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
| | - Chenchen Mao
- Department of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
| | - Suehyun Cho
- Department of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
| | - Wounjhang Park
- Department of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
| | - Andrew P Goodwin
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
| | - Jennifer N Cha
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
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Amendola V, Pilot R, Frasconi M, Maragò OM, Iatì MA. Surface plasmon resonance in gold nanoparticles: a review. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2017; 29:203002. [PMID: 28426435 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aa60f3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 579] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In the last two decades, plasmon resonance in gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) has been the subject of intense research efforts. Plasmon physics is intriguing and its precise modelling proved to be challenging. In fact, plasmons are highly responsive to a multitude of factors, either intrinsic to the Au NPs or from the environment, and recently the need emerged for the correction of standard electromagnetic approaches with quantum effects. Applications related to plasmon absorption and scattering in Au NPs are impressively numerous, ranging from sensing to photothermal effects to cell imaging. Also, plasmon-enhanced phenomena are highly interesting for multiple purposes, including, for instance, Raman spectroscopy of nearby analytes, catalysis, or sunlight energy conversion. In addition, plasmon excitation is involved in a series of advanced physical processes such as non-linear optics, optical trapping, magneto-plasmonics, and optical activity. Here, we provide the general overview of the field and the background for appropriate modelling of the physical phenomena. Then, we report on the current state of the art and most recent applications of plasmon resonance in Au NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Amendola
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, I-35131 Padova, Italy. Consorzio INSTM, UdR Padova, Italy
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Singh RK, Patel KD, Leong KW, Kim HW. Progress in Nanotheranostics Based on Mesoporous Silica Nanomaterial Platforms. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:10309-10337. [PMID: 28274115 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b16505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Theranostics based on nanoparticles (NPs) is a promising paradigm in nanomedicine. Mesoporous silica nanoparticle (MSN)-based systems offer unique characteristics to enable multimodal imaging or simultaneous diagnosis and therapy. They include large surface area and volume, tunable pore size, functionalizable surface, and acceptable biological safety. Hybridization with other NPs and chemical modification can further potentiate the multifunctionality of MSN-based systems toward translation. Here, we update the recent progress on MSN-based systems for theranostic purposes. We discuss various synthetic approaches used to construct the theranostic platforms either via intrinsic chemistry or extrinsic combination. These include defect generation in the silica structure, encapsulation of diagnostic NPs within silica, their assembly on the silica surface, and direct conjugation of dye chemicals. Collectively, in vitro and in vivo results demonstrate that multimodal imaging capacities can be integrated with the therapeutic functions of these MSN systems for therapy. With further improvement in bioimaging sensitivity and targeting specificity, the multifunctional MSN-based theranostic systems will find many clinical applications in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendra K Singh
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University , Cheonan 330-714, South Korea
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University , Cheonan 330-714, South Korea
| | - Kapil D Patel
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University , Cheonan 330-714, South Korea
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University , Cheonan 330-714, South Korea
| | - Kam W Leong
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University , Cheonan 330-714, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University , New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Hae-Won Kim
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University , Cheonan 330-714, South Korea
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University , Cheonan 330-714, South Korea
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Dentistry, Dankook University , Cheonan 330-714, South Korea
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35
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Kunz-Schughart LA, Dubrovska A, Peitzsch C, Ewe A, Aigner A, Schellenburg S, Muders MH, Hampel S, Cirillo G, Iemma F, Tietze R, Alexiou C, Stephan H, Zarschler K, Vittorio O, Kavallaris M, Parak WJ, Mädler L, Pokhrel S. Nanoparticles for radiooncology: Mission, vision, challenges. Biomaterials 2016; 120:155-184. [PMID: 28063356 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading non-communicable diseases with highest mortality rates worldwide. About half of all cancer patients receive radiation treatment in the course of their disease. However, treatment outcome and curative potential of radiotherapy is often impeded by genetically and/or environmentally driven mechanisms of tumor radioresistance and normal tissue radiotoxicity. While nanomedicine-based tools for imaging, dosimetry and treatment are potential keys to the improvement of therapeutic efficacy and reducing side effects, radiotherapy is an established technique to eradicate the tumor cells. In order to progress the introduction of nanoparticles in radiooncology, due to the highly interdisciplinary nature, expertise in chemistry, radiobiology and translational research is needed. In this report recent insights and promising policies to design nanotechnology-based therapeutics for tumor radiosensitization will be discussed. An attempt is made to cover the entire field from preclinical development to clinical studies. Hence, this report illustrates (1) the radio- and tumor-biological rationales for combining nanostructures with radiotherapy, (2) tumor-site targeting strategies and mechanisms of cellular uptake, (3) biological response hypotheses for new nanomaterials of interest, and (4) challenges to translate the research findings into clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leoni A Kunz-Schughart
- OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anna Dubrovska
- OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
| | - Claudia Peitzsch
- OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexander Ewe
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Clinical Pharmacology, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Achim Aigner
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Clinical Pharmacology, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Samuel Schellenburg
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital, Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael H Muders
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital, Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Germany
| | - Silke Hampel
- Leibniz Institute of Solid State and Material Research Dresden, 01171 Dresden, Germany
| | - Giuseppe Cirillo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Francesca Iemma
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Rainer Tietze
- ENT-Department, Section for Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), Else Kröner-Fresenius Professorship, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christoph Alexiou
- ENT-Department, Section for Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), Else Kröner-Fresenius Professorship, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Holger Stephan
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, 01314 Dresden, Germany
| | - Kristof Zarschler
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, 01314 Dresden, Germany
| | - Orazio Vittorio
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, Sydney, UNSW, Australia
| | - Maria Kavallaris
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, Sydney, UNSW, Australia
| | - Wolfgang J Parak
- Fachbereich Physik, Philipps Universität Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany; CIC Biomagune, 20009 San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Lutz Mädler
- Foundation Institute of Materials Science (IWT), Department of Production Engineering, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Suman Pokhrel
- Foundation Institute of Materials Science (IWT), Department of Production Engineering, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany.
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Shaffer TM, Harmsen S, Khwaja E, Kircher MF, Drain CM, Grimm J. Stable Radiolabeling of Sulfur-Functionalized Silica Nanoparticles with Copper-64. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:5601-4. [PMID: 27464258 PMCID: PMC5066563 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b02161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles labeled with radiometals enable whole-body nuclear imaging and therapy. Though chelating agents are commonly used to radiolabel biomolecules, nanoparticles offer the advantage of attaching a radiometal directly to the nanoparticle itself without the need of such agents. We previously demonstrated that direct radiolabeling of silica nanoparticles with hard, oxophilic ions, such as the positron emitters zirconium-89 and gallium-68, is remarkably efficient. However, softer radiometals, such as the widely employed copper-64, do not stably bind to the silica matrix and quickly dissociate under physiological conditions. Here, we overcome this limitation through the use of silica nanoparticles functionalized with a soft electron-donating thiol group to allow stable attachment of copper-64. This approach significantly improves the stability of copper-64 labeled thiol-functionalized silica nanoparticles relative to native silica nanoparticles, thereby enabling in vivo PET imaging, and may be translated to other softer radiometals with affinity for sulfur. The presented approach expands the application of silica nanoparticles as a platform for facile radiolabeling with both hard and soft radiometal ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis M. Shaffer
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Stefan Harmsen
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Emaad Khwaja
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Moritz F. Kircher
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Center for Molecular Imaging & Nanotechnology (CMINT), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Charles Michael Drain
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Jan Grimm
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Center for Molecular Imaging & Nanotechnology (CMINT), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065, United States
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D’Hollander A, Mathieu E, Jans H, Vande Velde G, Stakenborg T, Van Dorpe P, Himmelreich U, Lagae L. Development of nanostars as a biocompatible tumor contrast agent: toward in vivo SERS imaging. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 11:3703-14. [PMID: 27536107 PMCID: PMC4977103 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s91340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The need for sensitive imaging techniques to detect tumor cells is an important issue in cancer diagnosis and therapy. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), realized by chemisorption of compounds suitable for Raman spectroscopy onto gold nanoparticles, is a new method for detecting a tumor. As a proof of concept, we studied the use of biocompatible gold nanostars as sensitive SERS contrast agents targeting an ovarian cancer cell line (SKOV3). Due to a high intracellular uptake of gold nanostars after 6 hours of exposure, they could be detected and located with SERS. Using these nanostars for passive targeting after systemic injection in a xenograft mouse model, a detectable signal was measured in the tumor and liver in vivo. These signals were confirmed by ex vivo SERS measurements and darkfield microscopy. In this study, we established SERS nanostars as a highly sensitive contrast agent for tumor detection, which opens the potential for their use as a theranostic agent against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine D’Hollander
- Department of Life Science Technology, Imec
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical MRI Unit
- Faculty of Medicine, Molecular Small Animal Imaging Center (MoSAIC)
| | - Evelien Mathieu
- Department of Life Science Technology, Imec
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, Laboratory of Solid State Physics and Magnetism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hilde Jans
- Department of Life Science Technology, Imec
| | - Greetje Vande Velde
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical MRI Unit
- Faculty of Medicine, Molecular Small Animal Imaging Center (MoSAIC)
| | | | - Pol Van Dorpe
- Department of Life Science Technology, Imec
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, Laboratory of Solid State Physics and Magnetism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Uwe Himmelreich
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical MRI Unit
- Faculty of Medicine, Molecular Small Animal Imaging Center (MoSAIC)
| | - Liesbet Lagae
- Department of Life Science Technology, Imec
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, Laboratory of Solid State Physics and Magnetism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Wang Y, Kang S, Doerksen JD, Glaser AK, Liu JT. Surgical Guidance via Multiplexed Molecular Imaging of Fresh Tissues Labeled with SERS-Coded Nanoparticles. IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS : A PUBLICATION OF THE IEEE LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS SOCIETY 2016; 22:6802911. [PMID: 27524875 PMCID: PMC4978138 DOI: 10.1109/jstqe.2015.2507358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The imaging of dysregulated cell-surface receptors (or biomarkers) is a potential means of identifying the presence of cancer with high sensitivity and specificity. However, due to heterogeneities in the expression of protein biomarkers in tumors, molecular imaging technologies should ideally be capable of visualizing a multiplexed panel of cancer biomarkers. Recently, surface-enhanced Raman-scattering (SERS) nanoparticles (NPs) have attracted wide interest due to their potential for sensitive and multiplexed biomarker detection. In this review, we focus on the most recent advances in tumor imaging using SERS-coded NPs. A brief introduction of the structure and optical properties of SERS NPs is provided, followed by a detailed discussion of key imaging issues such as the administration of NPs in tissue (topical versus systemic), the optical configuration and imaging approach of Raman imaging systems, spectral demultiplexing methods for quantifying NP concentrations, and the disambiguation of specific vs. nonspecific sources of contrast through ratiometric imaging of targeted and untargeted (control) NP pairs. Finally, future challenges and directions are briefly outlined.
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Zarschler K, Rocks L, Licciardello N, Boselli L, Polo E, Garcia KP, De Cola L, Stephan H, Dawson KA. Ultrasmall inorganic nanoparticles: State-of-the-art and perspectives for biomedical applications. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2016; 12:1663-701. [PMID: 27013135 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2016.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Ultrasmall nanoparticulate materials with core sizes in the 1-3nm range bridge the gap between single molecules and classical, larger-sized nanomaterials, not only in terms of spatial dimension, but also as regards physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties. Due to these unique properties, ultrasmall nanoparticles appear to be promising materials for nanomedicinal applications. This review overviews the different synthetic methods of inorganic ultrasmall nanoparticles as well as their properties, characterization, surface modification and toxicity. We moreover summarize the current state of knowledge regarding pharmacokinetics, biodistribution and targeting of nanoscale materials. Aside from addressing the issue of biomolecular corona formation and elaborating on the interactions of ultrasmall nanoparticles with individual cells, we discuss the potential diagnostic, therapeutic and theranostic applications of ultrasmall nanoparticles in the emerging field of nanomedicine in the final part of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristof Zarschler
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Louise Rocks
- Centre For BioNano Interactions (CBNI), School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Nadia Licciardello
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, Dresden, Germany; Laboratoire de Chimie et des Biomatériaux Supramoléculaires, Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS), 8 allée Gaspard Monge, Strasbourg, France; Institut für Nanotechnologie (INT), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT) Campus North, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Luca Boselli
- Centre For BioNano Interactions (CBNI), School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Ester Polo
- Centre For BioNano Interactions (CBNI), School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Karina Pombo Garcia
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, Dresden, Germany
| | - Luisa De Cola
- Laboratoire de Chimie et des Biomatériaux Supramoléculaires, Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS), 8 allée Gaspard Monge, Strasbourg, France; Institut für Nanotechnologie (INT), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT) Campus North, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Holger Stephan
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, Dresden, Germany
| | - Kenneth A Dawson
- Centre For BioNano Interactions (CBNI), School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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Near-IR photoactivation using mesoporous silica–coated NaYF4:Yb,Er/Tm upconversion nanoparticles. Nat Protoc 2016; 11:688-713. [DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2016.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Scibilia S, Lentini G, Fazio E, Franco D, Neri F, Mezzasalma AM, Guglielmino SPP. Self-assembly of silver nanoparticles and bacteriophage. SENSING AND BIO-SENSING RESEARCH 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sbsr.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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42
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Quantitative molecular phenotyping with topically applied SERS nanoparticles for intraoperative guidance of breast cancer lumpectomy. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21242. [PMID: 26878888 PMCID: PMC4754709 DOI: 10.1038/srep21242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a need to image excised tissues during tumor-resection procedures in order to identify residual tumors at the margins and to guide their complete removal. The imaging of dysregulated cell-surface receptors is a potential means of identifying the presence of diseases with high sensitivity and specificity. However, due to heterogeneities in the expression of protein biomarkers in tumors, molecular-imaging technologies should ideally be capable of visualizing a multiplexed panel of cancer biomarkers. Here, we demonstrate that the topical application and quantification of a multiplexed cocktail of receptor-targeted surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) nanoparticles (NPs) enables rapid quantitative molecular phenotyping (QMP) of the surface of freshly excised tissues to determine the presence of disease. In order to mitigate the ambiguity due to nonspecific sources of contrast such as off-target binding or uneven delivery, a ratiometric method is employed to quantify the specific vs. nonspecific binding of the multiplexed NPs. Validation experiments with human tumor cell lines, fresh human tumor xenografts in mice, and fresh human breast specimens demonstrate that QMP imaging of excised tissues agrees with flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry, and that this technique may be achieved in less than 15 minutes for potential intraoperative use in guiding breast-conserving surgeries.
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Feuillie C. Raman spectroscopy in biomedicine: new advances in SERRS cancer imaging. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2015; 3:347. [PMID: 26807402 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2305-5839.2015.09.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Feuillie
- Geophysical laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, DC 20015, USA
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Abstract
Raman spectroscopy is increasingly investigated for cancer diagnosis. As the potential of the technique is explored and realized, it is slowly making its way into clinics. There are more reports in recent years showing promise that it can help clinicians for cancer diagnosis. However, a number of challenges remain to be overcome, especially in vivo cancer diagnosis. In this article, the recent progress of the technique toward clinical cancer diagnosis is discussed from a critical perspective.
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Hoonejani MR, Pallaoro A, Braun GB, Moskovits M, Meinhart CD. Quantitative multiplexed simulated-cell identification by SERS in microfluidic devices. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:16834-16840. [PMID: 26404699 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr04147c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A reliable identification of cells on the basis of their surface markers is of great interest for diagnostic and therapeutic applications. We present a multiplexed labeling and detection strategy that is applied to four microparticle populations, each mimicking cellular or bacterial samples with varying surface concentrations of up to four epitopes, using four distinct biotags that are meant to be used in conjunction with surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) instead of fluorescence, together with microfluidics. Four populations of 6 μm polystyrene beads were incubated with different mixtures, "cocktails" of four SERS biotags (SBTs), simulating the approach that one would follow when seeking to identify multiple biomarkers encountered in biological applications. Populations were flowed in a microfluidic flow-focusing device and the SERS signal from individual beads was acquired during continuous flow. The spectrally rich SERS spectra enabled us to separate confidently the populations by utilizing principal component analysis (PCA). Also, using classical least squares (CLS), we were able to calculate the contributions of each SBT to the overall signal in each of the populations, and showed that the relative SBT contributions are consistent with the nominal percentage of each marker originally designed into that bead population, by functionalizing it with a given SBT cocktail. Our results demonstrate the multiplexing capability of SBTs in potential applications such as immunophenotyping.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Hoonejani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.
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Wang YW, Kang S, Khan A, Bao PQ, Liu JT. In vivo multiplexed molecular imaging of esophageal cancer via spectral endoscopy of topically applied SERS nanoparticles. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 6:3714-23. [PMID: 26504623 PMCID: PMC4605032 DOI: 10.1364/boe.6.003714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The biological investigation and detection of esophageal cancers could be facilitated with an endoscopic technology to screen for the molecular changes that precede and accompany the onset of cancer. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) nanoparticles (NPs) have the potential to improve cancer detection and investigation through the sensitive and multiplexed detection of cell-surface biomarkers. Here, we demonstrate that the topical application and endoscopic imaging of a multiplexed cocktail of receptor-targeted SERS NPs enables the rapid detection of tumors in an orthotopic rat model of esophageal cancer. Antibody-conjugated SERS NPs were topically applied on the lumenal surface of the rat esophagus to target EGFR and HER2, and a miniature spectral endoscope featuring rotational scanning and axial pull-back was employed to comprehensively image the NPs bound on the lumen of the esophagus. Ratiometric analyses of specific vs. nonspecific binding enabled the visualization of tumor locations and the quantification of biomarker expression in agreement with immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry validation data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Winston Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Soyoung Kang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Altaz Khan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University (SUNY), Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Philip Q. Bao
- Department of Surgery, Stony Brook Medicine, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Jonathan T.C. Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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Phage-AgNPs complex as SERS probe for U937 cell identification. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 74:398-405. [PMID: 26164011 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.05.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 05/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The early diagnosis of malignancy is the most critical factor for patient survival and the treatment of cancer. In particular, leukemic cells are highly heterogeneous, and there is a need to develop new rapid and accurate detection systems for early diagnosis and monitoring of minimal residual disease. This study reports the utilization of molecular networks consisting of entire bacteriophage structure, displaying specific peptides, directly assembled with silver nanoparticles as a new Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) probe for U937 cells identification in vitro. A 9-mer pVIII M13 phage display library is screened against U937 to identify peptides that selectively recognize these cells. Then, phage clone is assembled with silver nanoparticles and the resulting network is used to obtain a SERS signal on cell-type specific molecular targets. The proposed strategy could be a very sensitive tool for the design of biosensors for highly specific and selective identification of hematological cancer cells and for detection of minimal residual disease in a significant proportion of human blood malignancy.
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Garai E, Sensarn S, Zavaleta CL, Loewke NO, Rogalla S, Mandella MJ, Felt SA, Friedland S, Liu JTC, Gambhir SS, Contag CH. A real-time clinical endoscopic system for intraluminal, multiplexed imaging of surface-enhanced Raman scattering nanoparticles. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123185. [PMID: 25923788 PMCID: PMC4414592 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The detection of biomarker-targeting surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) nanoparticles (NPs) in the human gastrointestinal tract has the potential to improve early cancer detection; however, a clinically relevant device with rapid Raman-imaging capability has not been described. Here we report the design and in vivo demonstration of a miniature, non-contact, opto-electro-mechanical Raman device as an accessory to clinical endoscopes that can provide multiplexed molecular data via a panel of SERS NPs. This device enables rapid circumferential scanning of topologically complex luminal surfaces of hollow organs (e.g., colon and esophagus) and produces quantitative images of the relative concentrations of SERS NPs that are present. Human and swine studies have demonstrated the speed and simplicity of this technique. This approach also offers unparalleled multiplexing capabilities by simultaneously detecting the unique spectral fingerprints of multiple SERS NPs. Therefore, this new screening strategy has the potential to improve diagnosis and to guide therapy by enabling sensitive quantitative molecular detection of small and otherwise hard-to-detect lesions in the context of white-light endoscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellis Garai
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America; Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Steven Sensarn
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America; Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America; Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Cristina L Zavaleta
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America; Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Nathan O Loewke
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America; Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Stephan Rogalla
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America; Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Michael J Mandella
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America; Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Stephen A Felt
- Comparative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Shai Friedland
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Jonathan T C Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Sanjiv S Gambhir
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America; Departments of Bioengineering and Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America; Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America; Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Christopher H Contag
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America; Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America; Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
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Pallaoro A, Hoonejani MR, Braun GB, Meinhart CD, Moskovits M. Rapid identification by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy of cancer cells at low concentrations flowing in a microfluidic channel. ACS NANO 2015; 9:4328-36. [PMID: 25781324 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b00750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Reliable identification and collection of cells from bodily fluids is of growing interest for monitoring patient response to therapy and for early detection of disease or its recurrence. We describe a detection platform that combines microfluidics with surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) for the identification of individual mammalian cells continuously flowing in a microfluidics channel. A mixture of cancerous and noncancerous prostate cells was incubated with SERS biotags (SBTs) developed and synthesized by us, then injected into a flow-focused microfluidic channel, which forces the cells into a single file. The spectrally rich SBTs are based on a silver nanoparticle dimer core labeled with a Raman-active small reporter molecule paired with an affinity biomolecule, providing a unique barcode whose presence in a composite SERS spectrum can be deconvoluted. Individual cancer cells passing through the focused laser beam were correctly identified among a proportionally larger number of other cells by their Raman signatures. We examine two deconvolution strategies: principal component analysis and classical least-squares. The deconvolution strategies are used to unmix the overall spectrum to determine the relative contributions between two SBT barcodes, where one SBT barcode indicates neuropilin-1 overexpression, while a second SBT barcode is more universal and indicates unspecific binding to a cell's membrane. Highly reliable results were obtained for all of the cell mixture ratios tested, the lowest being 1 in 100 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gary B Braun
- §Cancer Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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