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Saifi S, Xiao X, Cheng S, Guo H, Zhang J, Müller-Buschbaum P, Zhou G, Xu X, Cheng HM. An ultraflexible energy harvesting-storage system for wearable applications. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6546. [PMID: 39095398 PMCID: PMC11297324 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50894-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The swift progress in wearable technology has accentuated the need for flexible power systems. Such systems are anticipated to exhibit high efficiency, robust durability, consistent power output, and the potential for effortless integration. Integrating ultraflexible energy harvesters and energy storage devices to form an autonomous, efficient, and mechanically compliant power system remains a significant challenge. In this work, we report a 90 µm-thick energy harvesting and storage system (FEHSS) consisting of high-performance organic photovoltaics and zinc-ion batteries within an ultraflexible configuration. With a power conversion efficiency surpassing 16%, power output exceeding 10 mW cm-2, and an energy density beyond 5.82 mWh cm-2, the FEHSS can be tailored to meet the power demands of wearable sensors and gadgets. Without cumbersome and rigid components, FEHSS shows immense potential as a versatile power source to advance wearable electronics and contribute toward a sustainable future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakeena Saifi
- Institute of Materials Research, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Institute of Materials Research, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Simin Cheng
- Institute of Materials Research, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Haotian Guo
- Institute of Materials Research, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jinsheng Zhang
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Physics, Chair for Functional Materials, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Peter Müller-Buschbaum
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Physics, Chair for Functional Materials, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Guangmin Zhou
- Institute of Materials Research, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xiaomin Xu
- Institute of Materials Research, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
- Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Hui-Ming Cheng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Energy Materials for Carbon Neutrality, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
- Faculty of Materials Science and Energy Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China.
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2
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Hu Y, Wang Y, Yang F, Liu D, Lu G, Li S, Wei Z, Shen X, Jiang Z, Zhao Y, Pang Q, Song B, Shi Z, Shafique S, Zhou K, Chen X, Su W, Jian J, Tang K, Liu T, Zhu Y. Flexible Organic Photovoltaic-Powered Hydrogel Bioelectronic Dressing With Biomimetic Electrical Stimulation for Healing Infected Diabetic Wounds. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2307746. [PMID: 38145346 PMCID: PMC10933690 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202307746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Electrical stimulation (ES) is proposed as a therapeutic solution for managing chronic wounds. However, its widespread clinical adoption is limited by the requirement of additional extracorporeal devices to power ES-based wound dressings. In this study, a novel sandwich-structured photovoltaic microcurrent hydrogel dressing (PMH dressing) is designed for treating diabetic wounds. This innovative dressing comprises flexible organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells, a flexible micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) electrode, and a multifunctional hydrogel serving as an electrode-tissue interface. The PMH dressing is engineered to administer ES, mimicking the physiological injury current occurring naturally in wounds when exposed to light; thus, facilitating wound healing. In vitro experiments are performed to validate the PMH dressing's exceptional biocompatibility and robust antibacterial properties. In vivo experiments and proteomic analysis reveal that the proposed PMH dressing significantly accelerates the healing of infected diabetic wounds by enhancing extracellular matrix regeneration, eliminating bacteria, regulating inflammatory responses, and modulating vascular functions. Therefore, the PMH dressing is a potent, versatile, and effective solution for diabetic wound care, paving the way for advancements in wireless ES wound dressings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi‐Wei Hu
- Health Science CenterNingbo UniversityNingbo315211P. R. China
- Orthopaedic Oncology Center of Changzheng HospitalNaval Medical UniversityShanghai200003P. R. China
| | - Yu‐Heng Wang
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer ScienceNingbo UniversityNingbo315211P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power EquipmentXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical FabricationNational Center for Nanoscience and TechnologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P. R. China
| | - Fang Yang
- Health Science CenterNingbo UniversityNingbo315211P. R. China
| | - Ding‐Xin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power EquipmentXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049P. R. China
| | - Guang‐Hao Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power EquipmentXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049P. R. China
| | - Sheng‐Tao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power EquipmentXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049P. R. China
| | - Zhi‐Xiang Wei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical FabricationNational Center for Nanoscience and TechnologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P. R. China
| | - Xiang Shen
- The Research Institute of Advanced TechnologiesNingbo UniversityNingbo315211P. R. China
| | - Zhuang‐De Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems EngineeringXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049P. R. China
| | - Yi‐Fan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems EngineeringXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049P. R. China
| | - Qian Pang
- Health Science CenterNingbo UniversityNingbo315211P. R. China
| | - Bai‐Yang Song
- Health Science CenterNingbo UniversityNingbo315211P. R. China
| | - Ze‐Wen Shi
- Health Science CenterNingbo UniversityNingbo315211P. R. China
| | - Shareen Shafique
- School of Physical Science and TechnologyNingbo UniversityNingbo315211P. R. China
| | - Kun Zhou
- Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and TechnologyThe Chinese University of Hong Kong ShenzhenShenzhen518172P. R. China
| | - Xiao‐Lian Chen
- Printable Electronics Research Center & Nano‐Device and Materials DivisionSuzhou Institute of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsNano Chinese Academy of SciencesSuzhou215123P. R. China
| | - Wen‐Ming Su
- Printable Electronics Research Center & Nano‐Device and Materials DivisionSuzhou Institute of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsNano Chinese Academy of SciencesSuzhou215123P. R. China
| | - Jia‐Wen Jian
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer ScienceNingbo UniversityNingbo315211P. R. China
| | - Ke‐Qi Tang
- Institute of Mass SpectrometrySchool of Material Science and Chemical EngineeringNingbo UniversityNingbo315211P. R. China
| | - Tie‐Long Liu
- Orthopaedic Oncology Center of Changzheng HospitalNaval Medical UniversityShanghai200003P. R. China
| | - Ya‐Bin Zhu
- Health Science CenterNingbo UniversityNingbo315211P. R. China
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3
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Shen YF, Zhang H, Zhang J, Tian C, Shi Y, Qiu D, Zhang Z, Lu K, Wei Z. In Situ Absorption Characterization Guided Slot-Die-Coated High-Performance Large-Area Flexible Organic Solar Cells and Modules. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2209030. [PMID: 36504418 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202209030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Slot-die coating is recognized as the most compatible method for the roll-to-roll (R2R) processing of large-area flexible organic solar cells (OSCs). However, the photovoltaic performance of large-area flexible OSC lags significantly behind that of traditional spin-coating devices. In this work, two acceptors, Qx-1 and Qx-2, show quite different film-formation kinetics in the slot-die coating process. In situ absorption spectroscopy indicates that the excessive crystallinity of Qx-2 provides early phase separation and early aggregation, resulting in oversized crystal domains. Consequently, the PM6:Qx-1-based 1 cm2 flexible device exhibits an excellent power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 13.70%, which is the best performance among the slot-die-coated flexible devices; in contrast, the PM6:Qx-2 blend shows a pretty poor efficiency, which is lower than 1%. Moreover, the 30 cm2 modules based on PM6:Qx-1, containing six 5 cm2 sub-cells, exhibit a PCE of 12.20%. After being stored in a glove box for over 6000 h, the PCE remains at 103% of its initial values, indicating excellent shelf stability. Therefore, these results show a promising future strategy for the upscaling fabrication of flexible large-area OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fan Shen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Hao Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jianqi Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Chenyang Tian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yanan Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Dingding Qiu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Ziqi Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Kun Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Zhixiang Wei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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4
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Camaioni N, Carbonera C, Ciammaruchi L, Corso G, Mwaura J, Po R, Tinti F. Polymer Solar Cells with Active Layer Thickness Compatible with Scalable Fabrication Processes: A Meta-Analysis. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2210146. [PMID: 36609981 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202210146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Organic photovoltaics (OPV) has been considered for a long time a promising emerging solar technology. Currently, however, market shares of OPV are practically non-existent. A detailed meta-analysis of the literature published until mid-2021 is presented, focusing on one of the remaining issues that need to be addressed to translate the recent remarkable progress, obtained in devices' performance at lab-scale level, into the requirements able to boost the manufacturing-scale production. Namely, the active layer's thickness is referred to, which, together with device efficiency and stability, represents one of the biggest challenges of this technological research field. Papers describing solar cells containing non-fullerene acceptor (NFA) binary and ternary blends, as well as NFA plus fullerene acceptor (FA) ternary blends are reviewed. The common ground of all analyzed devices is their high-thickness active layers, compatible with large-area deposition techniques. By defining a new figure of merit to discuss the OPV thickness (thickness tolerance, TT), it is found that this parameter is not affected by the chemical family's nature of the active blend components. On the other hand, the analysis suggests that there are promising strategies to improve the TT, which are discussed in the conclusion section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Camaioni
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività (ISOF), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via P. Gobetti 101, Bologna, 40129, Italy
| | - Chiara Carbonera
- New Energies, Renewable Energies and Material Science Research Center, Eni S.p.A., Via G. Fauser 4, Novara, 28100, Italy
| | - Laura Ciammaruchi
- New Energies, Renewable Energies and Material Science Research Center, Eni S.p.A., Via G. Fauser 4, Novara, 28100, Italy
| | - Gianni Corso
- New Energies, Renewable Energies and Material Science Research Center, Eni S.p.A., Via G. Fauser 4, Novara, 28100, Italy
| | - Jeremiah Mwaura
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Riccardo Po
- New Energies, Renewable Energies and Material Science Research Center, Eni S.p.A., Via G. Fauser 4, Novara, 28100, Italy
| | - Francesca Tinti
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività (ISOF), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via P. Gobetti 101, Bologna, 40129, Italy
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5
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Gao H, Yu R, Gong Y, Ma Z, He Z, Dong Y, Xu K, Bai Y, Tan Z. Self-Aggregated Light-Trapping Nanodots for Highly Efficient Organic Solar Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2205128. [PMID: 36310144 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202205128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The typical thickness of the photoactive layer in organic solar cells (OSCs) is around 100 nm, which limits the absorption efficiency of the incident light and the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of OSCs. Therefore, light-trapping schemes to reduce the optical losses in the thin photoactive layers are critically important for efficient OSCs. Herein, light-trapping and electron-collection dual-functional small organic molecules, N,N,N',N'-tetraphenyloxalamide (TPEA) and N,N,N',N'-tetraphenylmalonamide (TPMA), are designed and synthesized by a one-step acylation reaction. Driven by strong intermolecular force, TPEA and TPMA tend to self-aggregate into hemispherical light-trapping nanodots on the photoactive layer, resulting in enhanced light harvesting. Meanwhile, TPEA and TPMA demonstrate high electron mobility and excellent electron-collection ability. Compared with the device without cathode buffer layer (CBL, PCE = 14.09%), PM6:BTP-eC9 based OSCs with TPEA and TPMA light-trapping CBLs demonstrate greatly enhanced PCE of 16.21% and 17.85%, respectively. Furthermore, a record PCE of 19.02% can be achieved for PM6:BTP-eC9:PC71 BM based ternary OSC with TPMA light-trapping CBL. Moreover, TPMA exhibits a low synthesis cost of only 0.61 $ g-1 with high yield. These findings could open a window for the rational design of multifunctional CBLs for efficient and stable OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaizhi Gao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Runnan Yu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Yongshuai Gong
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Zongwen Ma
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Zhangwei He
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Yiman Dong
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Kunxiang Xu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Yiming Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, P. R. China
| | - Zhan'ao Tan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
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6
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Meng X, Xing Z, Hu X, Chen Y. Large-area Flexible Organic Solar Cells: Printing Technologies and Modular Design. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-022-2803-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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7
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Liu Y, Liu B, Ma CQ, Huang F, Feng G, Chen H, Hou J, Yan L, Wei Q, Luo Q, Bao Q, Ma W, Liu W, Li W, Wan X, Hu X, Han Y, Li Y, Zhou Y, Zou Y, Chen Y, Liu Y, Meng L, Li Y, Chen Y, Tang Z, Hu Z, Zhang ZG, Bo Z. Recent progress in organic solar cells (Part II device engineering). Sci China Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-022-1256-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Han Y, Hu Z, Zha W, Chen X, Yin L, Guo J, Li Z, Luo Q, Su W, Ma CQ. 12.42% Monolithic 25.42 cm 2 Flexible Organic Solar Cells Enabled by an Amorphous ITO-Modified Metal Grid Electrode. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2110276. [PMID: 35243697 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202110276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Printed metal nanogrid electrode exhibits superior characteristics for use in flexible organic solar cells (OSCs). However, the high surface roughness and inhomogeneity between grid and blank region is adverse for performance improvement. In this work, a thin amorphous indium tin oxide (ITO) film (α-ITO) is introduced to fill the blank and to improve the charge transporting. The introduction of α-ITO significantly improves the comprehensive properties of metal grid electrode, which exhibits excellent bending resistance and long-term stability under double 85 condition (under 85 °C and 85% relative humidity) for 200 h. Both experimental and simulation results reveal α-ITO with a sheet resistance of 20 000 Ω □-1 is sufficient to improve the charge transporting within the adjacent grids, leading to a remarkable efficiency of 16.54% for 1 cm2 flexible devices. With area increased to 4.00, 9.00, and 25.42 cm2 , the devices still display a performance of 16.22%, 14.69%, and 12.42%, respectively, showing less efficiency loss during upscaling. And the 25.42 cm2 monolithic flexible device exhibits a certificated efficiency of 12.03%. Moreover, the device shows significantly improved air stability relative to conventional high-conductive poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate-modified device. All these make the α-ITO-modified Ag/Cu electrode promise to achieve high-efficient and long-term stable large-area flexible OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Han
- Printable Electronics Research Center & i-Lab, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, P. R. China
| | - Zishou Hu
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, P. R. China
- Printable Electronics Research Center & Nano-Device and Materials Division, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Nano Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Wusong Zha
- Printable Electronics Research Center & i-Lab, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolian Chen
- Printable Electronics Research Center & Nano-Device and Materials Division, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Nano Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Li Yin
- School of Science, School of Advanced Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jingbo Guo
- Printable Electronics Research Center & i-Lab, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyun Li
- Vacuum Interconnected Nanotech Workstation, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Qun Luo
- Printable Electronics Research Center & i-Lab, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, P. R. China
| | - Wenming Su
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, P. R. China
- Printable Electronics Research Center & Nano-Device and Materials Division, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Nano Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Chang-Qi Ma
- Printable Electronics Research Center & i-Lab, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, P. R. China
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9
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Zheng X, Zuo L, Zhao F, Li Y, Chen T, Shan S, Yan K, Pan Y, Xu B, Li CZ, Shi M, Hou J, Chen H. High-Efficiency ITO-Free Organic Photovoltaics with Superior Flexibility and Upscalability. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2200044. [PMID: 35236010 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202200044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Developing indium-tin-oxide (ITO)-free flexible organic photovoltaics (OPVs) with upscaling capacity is of great significance for practical applications of OPVs. Unfortunately, the efficiencies of the corresponding devices lag far behind those of ITO-based rigid small-area counterparts. To address this issue, an advanced device configuration is designed and fabricated featuring a top-illuminated structure with ultrathin Ag as the transparent electrode. First, a conjugated polyelectrolyte layer, i.e., PCP-Li, is inserted to effectively connect the bottom Ag anode and the hole transport layer, achieving good photon to electron conversion. Second, charge collecting grids are deposited to suppress the increased resistance loss with the upscaling of the device area, realizing almost full retention of device efficiency from 0.06 to 1 cm2 . Third, the designed device delivers the best efficiency of 15.56% with the area of 1 cm2 on polyimide substrate, representing as the record among the ITO-free, large-area, flexible OPVs. Interestingly, the device exhibits no degradation after 100 000 bending cycles with a radius of 4 mm, which is the best result for flexible OPVs. This work provides insight into device structure design and optimization for OPVs with high efficiency, low cost, superior flexibility, and upscaling capacity, indicating the potential for the future commercialization of OPVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangjun Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Lijian Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
- Zhejiang University-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China
- Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Feng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Yaokai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Tianyi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Shiqi Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Kangrong Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Youwen Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Bowei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Chang-Zhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
- Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Minmin Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
- Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Jianhui Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Hongzheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
- Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
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10
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Qin F, Sun L, Chen H, Liu Y, Lu X, Wang W, Liu T, Dong X, Jiang P, Jiang Y, Wang L, Zhou Y. 54 cm 2 Large-Area Flexible Organic Solar Modules with Efficiency Above 13. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2103017. [PMID: 34369026 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202103017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Development of large-area flexible organic solar cells (OSCs) is highly desirable for their practical applications. However, the efficiency of the large-area flexible OSCs severely lags behind small-area devices. Here, efficient large-area flexible single cells with power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 13.1% and 12.6% for areas of 6 and 10 cm2 , and flexible modules with a PCE of 13.2% (54 cm2 ) based on poly(ethylene terephthalate)/Ag grid/silver nanowires (AgNWs):zinc-chelated polyethylenimine (PEI-Zn) composite electrodes are reported. The solution-processed flexible transparent electrode of AgNWs:PEI-Zn shows low surface roughness and good optoelectronic and mechanical properties. PEI-Zn is conductive and optically transparent. It can adhere to and wrap the AgNWs under electrostatic interaction between the negatively charged surface (AgNWs) and positively charged protonated amine groups (in PEI-Zn). It wraps the AgNWs networks and fills the void space to achieve a smooth surface. The flexible electrode is validated in both flexible OSCs and flexible quantum-dots light-emitting diodes (QLEDs). Small-area flexible OSCs show a PCE of 16.1%, and flexible QLEDs show an external quantum efficiency of 13.3%. In the end, a flexible module is demonstrated to charge a mobile phone as a flexible power source (shown in Video S1, Supporting Information).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Qin
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Lulu Sun
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Hongting Chen
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xin Lu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Wen Wang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Tiefeng Liu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xinyun Dong
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Pei Jiang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Youyu Jiang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yinhua Zhou
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
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11
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Zhou X, Wu H, Lin B, Naveed HB, Xin J, Bi Z, Zhou K, Ma Y, Tang Z, Zhao C, Zheng Q, Ma Z, Ma W. Different Morphology Dependence for Efficient Indoor Organic Photovoltaics: The Role of the Leakage Current and Recombination Losses. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:44604-44614. [PMID: 34499484 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c09600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Efficient indoor organic photovoltaics (OPVs) have attracted strong attention for their application in indoor electronic devices. However, the route to optimal photoactive film morphology toward high-performance indoor devices has remained obscure. The leakage current dominated by morphology exerts distinguishing influence on the performance under different illuminations. We have demonstrated that morphology reoptimization plays an important role in indoor OPVs, and their optimal structural features are different from what we laid out for outdoor devices. For indoor OPVs, in order to facilitate low leakage current, it is essential to enhance the crystallinity, phase separation, and domain purity, as well as keeping small surface roughness of the active layer. Furthermore, considering the reduced bimolecular recombination at low light intensity, we have shown that PM6:M36-based indoor devices can work effectively with a large ratio of the donor and acceptor. Our work correlating structure-performance relation and the route to optimal morphology outlines the control over device leakage current and recombination losses boosting the progress of efficient indoor OPVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Hongbo Wu
- Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Baojun Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Hafiz Bilal Naveed
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Jingming Xin
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Zhaozhao Bi
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Ke Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Yunlong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Zheng Tang
- Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Chao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Qingdong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Zaifei Ma
- Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
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12
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Beuel S, Hartnagel P, Kirchartz T. The Influence of Photo‐Induced Space Charge and Energetic Disorder on the Indoor and Outdoor Performance of Organic Solar Cells. ADVANCED THEORY AND SIMULATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adts.202000319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Beuel
- Faculty of Engineering and CENIDE University of Duisburg‐Essen Carl‐Benz‐Str. 199 Duisburg 47057 Germany
| | - Paula Hartnagel
- IEK5‐Photovoltaik Forschungszentrum Jülich Jülich 52425 Germany
| | - Thomas Kirchartz
- Faculty of Engineering and CENIDE University of Duisburg‐Essen Carl‐Benz‐Str. 199 Duisburg 47057 Germany
- IEK5‐Photovoltaik Forschungszentrum Jülich Jülich 52425 Germany
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13
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Qin J, Zhang L, Xiao Z, Chen S, Sun K, Zang Z, Yi C, Yuan Y, Jin Z, Hao F, Cheng Y, Bao Q, Ding L. Over 16% efficiency from thick-film organic solar cells. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2020; 65:1979-1982. [PMID: 36659055 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2020.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiang Qin
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems (MoE), School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; Center for Excellence in Nanoscience (CAS), Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication (CAS), National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Lixiu Zhang
- Center for Excellence in Nanoscience (CAS), Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication (CAS), National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zuo Xiao
- Center for Excellence in Nanoscience (CAS), Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication (CAS), National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Shanshan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems (MoE), School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Kuan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems (MoE), School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
| | - Zhigang Zang
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems (MoE), School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Chenyi Yi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yongbo Yuan
- School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Zhiwen Jin
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Feng Hao
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Yuanhang Cheng
- Solar Energy Research Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117574, Singapore.
| | - Qinye Bao
- School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
| | - Liming Ding
- Center for Excellence in Nanoscience (CAS), Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication (CAS), National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China.
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14
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Wang G, Zhang J, Yang C, Wang Y, Xing Y, Adil MA, Yang Y, Tian L, Su M, Shang W, Lu K, Shuai Z, Wei Z. Synergistic Optimization Enables Large-Area Flexible Organic Solar Cells to Maintain over 98% PCE of the Small-Area Rigid Devices. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2005153. [PMID: 33150635 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202005153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Slot-die coating is generally regarded as the most effective large-scale methodology for the fabrication of organic solar cells (OSCs). However, the corresponding device performance significantly lags behind spin-coated devices. Herein, the active layer morphology, flexible substrate properties, and the processing temperature are optimized synergistically to obtain high power conversion efficiency (PCE) for both the flexible single cells and the modules. As a result, the 1 cm2 flexible devices produce an excellent PCE of 12.16% as compared to 12.37% for the spin-coated small-area (0.04 cm2 ) rigid devices. Likewise, for modules with an area of 25 cm2 , an extraordinary PCE of 10.09% is observed. Hence, efficiency losses associated with the upscaling are significantly reduced by the synergistic optimization. Moreover, after 1000 bending cycles at a bending radius of 10 mm, the flexible devices still produce over 99% of their initial PCE, whereas after being stored for over 6000 h in a glove box, the PCE reaches 103% of its initial value, indicating excellent device flexibility as well as superior shelf stability. These results, thus, are a promising confirmation the great potential for upscaling of large-area OSCs in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Jianqi Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Chen Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yuheng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Yi Xing
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Muhammad Abdullah Adil
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yang Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Lijun Tian
- Datong Coal Mine Group Co., Ltd, Datong, 03 7003, P. R. China
| | - Ming Su
- Datong Coal Mine Group Co., Ltd, Datong, 03 7003, P. R. China
| | - Wuqiang Shang
- Datong Coal Mine Group Co., Ltd, Datong, 03 7003, P. R. China
| | - Kun Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Zhigang Shuai
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Zhixiang Wei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
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15
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Park S, Kim T, Yoon S, Koh CW, Woo HY, Son HJ. Progress in Materials, Solution Processes, and Long-Term Stability for Large-Area Organic Photovoltaics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2002217. [PMID: 33020976 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202002217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Organic solar cells based on bulk heterojunctions (BHJs) are attractive energy-conversion devices that can generate electricity from absorbed sunlight by dissociating excitons and collecting charge carriers. Recent breakthroughs attained by development of nonfullerene acceptors result in significant enhancement in power conversion efficiency (PCEs) exceeding 17%. However, most of researches have focused on pursuing high efficiency of small-area (<1 cm2 ) unit cells fabricated usually with spin coating. For practical application of organic photovoltaics (OPVs) from lab-scale unit cells to industrial products, it is essential to develop efficient technologies that can extend active area of devices with minimized loss of performance and ensured operational stability. In this progress report, an overview of recent advancements in materials and processing technologies is provided for transitioning from small-area laboratory-scale devices to large-area industrial scale modules. First, development of materials that satisfy requirements of high tolerability in active layer thickness and large-area adaptability is introduced. Second, morphology control using various coating techniques in a large active area is discussed. Third, the recent research progress is also underlined for understanding mechanisms of OPV degradation and studies for improving device long-term stability along with reliable evaluation procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungmin Park
- Advanced Photovoltaics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Taehee Kim
- Advanced Photovoltaics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongwon Yoon
- Advanced Photovoltaics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Woo Koh
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Young Woo
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Jung Son
- Advanced Photovoltaics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
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16
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Zhao H, Naveed HB, Lin B, Zhou X, Yuan J, Zhou K, Wu H, Guo R, Scheel MA, Chumakov A, Roth SV, Tang Z, Müller-Buschbaum P, Ma W. Hot Hydrocarbon-Solvent Slot-Die Coating Enables High-Efficiency Organic Solar Cells with Temperature-Dependent Aggregation Behavior. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2002302. [PMID: 32812287 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202002302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Organic solar cells (OSCs) have made rapid progress in terms of their development as a sustainable energy source. However, record-breaking devices have not shown compatibility with large-scale production via solution processing in particular due to the use of halogenated environment-threatening solvents. Here, slot-die fabrication with processing involving hydrocarbon-based solvents is used to realize highly efficient and environmentally friendly OSCs. Highly compatible slot-die coating with roll-to-roll processing using halogenated (chlorobenzene (CB)) and hydrocarbon solvents (1,2,4-trimethylbenzene (TMB) and ortho-xylene (o-XY)) is used to fabricate photoactive films. Controlled solution and substrate temperatures enable similar aggregation states in the solution and similar kinetics processes during film formation. The optimized blend film nanostructures for different solvents in the highly efficient PM6:Y6 blend is adopted to show a similar morphology, which results in device efficiencies of 15.2%, 15.4%, and 15.6% for CB, TMB, and o-XY solvents. This approach is successfully extended to other donor-acceptor combinations to demonstrate the excellent universality of this method. The results combine a method to optimize the aggregation state and film formation kinetics with the fabrication of OSCs with environmentally friendly solvents by slot-die coating, which is a critical finding for the future development of OSCs in terms of their scalable production and high-performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Hafiz Bilal Naveed
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Baojun Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Xiaobo Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Jian Yuan
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Ke Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Hongbo Wu
- Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Renjun Guo
- Physik-Department, Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, Garching, 85748, Germany
| | - Manuel A Scheel
- Physik-Department, Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, Garching, 85748, Germany
| | - Andrei Chumakov
- Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, Hamburg, 22 603, Germany
| | - Stephan V Roth
- Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, Hamburg, 22 603, Germany
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, Teknikringen 56-58, Stockholm, SE-100 44, Sweden
| | - Zheng Tang
- Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Peter Müller-Buschbaum
- Physik-Department, Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, Garching, 85748, Germany
- Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 1, Garching, 85748, Germany
| | - Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
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17
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Jeong S, Park B, Hong S, Kim S, Kim J, Kwon S, Lee JH, Lee MS, Park JC, Kang H, Lee K. Large-Area Nonfullerene Organic Solar Cell Modules Fabricated by a Temperature-Independent Printing Method. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:41877-41885. [PMID: 32840103 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c12190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Despite recent breakthroughs in the fabrication of spin-coated small-area devices (≤0.1 cm2) with power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of more than 17%, printed large-area organic solar cells (OSCs) are significantly less efficient because of the intrinsic differences between the coating dynamics of the two types of OSCs. The PCEs of printed large-area (∼100 cm2) OSCs have typically been decreased compared with those of small-area spin-coated devices. In this work, an efficient low-temperature printing method to fabricate high-efficiency large-area nonfullerene-based OSC modules is successfully demonstrated. A systematic study of the relationship between the concentration of the photoactive solution and the resulting film properties reveals that the large-area modules (85 cm2) produced in this work deliver excellent performance, yielding PCEs of up to 8.18% with a geometric fill factor of 85%. These novel OSC modules are ∼87% as efficient as small-area printed single cells (cell PCE ∼9.43% with 1 cm2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyeong Jeong
- Heeger Center for Advanced Materials (HCAM) & Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Energies (RISE), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Korea
| | - Byoungwook Park
- Heeger Center for Advanced Materials (HCAM) & Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Energies (RISE), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Korea
| | - Soonil Hong
- Heeger Center for Advanced Materials (HCAM) & Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Energies (RISE), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Korea
| | - Seok Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Korea
| | - Jehan Kim
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory (PAL), Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Sooncheol Kwon
- Heeger Center for Advanced Materials (HCAM) & Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Energies (RISE), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Korea
| | - Jong-Hoon Lee
- Heeger Center for Advanced Materials (HCAM) & Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Energies (RISE), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Korea
| | | | | | - Hongkyu Kang
- Heeger Center for Advanced Materials (HCAM) & Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Energies (RISE), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Korea
| | - Kwanghee Lee
- Heeger Center for Advanced Materials (HCAM) & Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Energies (RISE), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Korea
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Korea
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18
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Hartnagel P, Kirchartz T. Understanding the Light‐Intensity Dependence of the Short‐Circuit Current of Organic Solar Cells. ADVANCED THEORY AND SIMULATIONS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adts.202000116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paula Hartnagel
- IEK5‐Photovoltaik Forschungszentrum Jülich Jülich 52425 Germany
| | - Thomas Kirchartz
- IEK5‐Photovoltaik Forschungszentrum Jülich Jülich 52425 Germany
- Faculty of Engineering and CENIDE University of Duisburg‐Essen Carl‐Benz‐Str. 199 Duisburg 47057 Germany
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19
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Benzothiadiazole Based Cascade Material to Boost the Performance of Inverted Ternary Organic Solar Cells. ENERGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/en13020450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A conjugated, ladder-type multi-fused ring 4,7-dithienbenzothiadiazole:thiophene derivative, named as compound ‘T’, was for the first time incorporated, within the PTB7:PC71BM photoactive layer for inverted ternary organic solar cells (TOSCs) realization. The effective energy level offset caused by compound T between the polymeric donor and fullerene acceptor materials, as well as its resulting potential as electron cascade material contribute to an enhanced exciton dissociation, electron transfer facilitator and thus improved overall photovoltaic performance. The engineering optimization of the inverted TOSC, ITO/PFN/PTB7:Compound T(5% v/v):PC71BM/MoO3/Al, resulted in an overall power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 8.34%, with a short-circuit current density (Jsc) of 16.75 mA cm−2, open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.74 V and a fill factor (FF) of 68.1%, under AM1.5G illumination. This photovoltaic performance was improved by approximately 12% with respect to the control binary device.
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20
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Ma L, Zhang S, Wang J, Xu Y, Hou J. Recent advances in non-fullerene organic solar cells: from lab to fab. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:14337-14352. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc05528j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The key factors for OSC materials toward application mainly include high performance, thickness tolerance, low cost, simple fabrication processing, high stability, and an environmentally-friendly nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijiao Ma
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Shaoqing Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Biology Engineering
- University of Science and Technology Beijing
- Beijing 100083
- P. R. China
| | - Jingwen Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Ye Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Jianhui Hou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
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21
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Han Y, Chen X, Wei J, Ji G, Wang C, Zhao W, Lai J, Zha W, Li Z, Yan L, Gu H, Luo Q, Chen Q, Chen L, Hou J, Su W, Ma C. Efficiency above 12% for 1 cm 2 Flexible Organic Solar Cells with Ag/Cu Grid Transparent Conducting Electrode. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2019; 6:1901490. [PMID: 31763148 PMCID: PMC6864593 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201901490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
With the rapid progress of organic solar cells (OSCs), improvement in the efficiency of large-area flexible OSCs (>1 cm2) is crucial for real applications. However, the development of the large-area flexible OSCs severely lags behind the growth of the small-area OSCs, with the electrical loss due to the large sheet resistance of the electrode being a main reason. Herein, a high conductive and high transparent Ag/Cu composite grid with sheet resistance <1 Ω sq-1 and an average visible light transparency of 84% is produced as the transparent conducting electrode of flexible OSCs. Based on this Ag/Cu composite grid electrode, a high efficiency of 12.26% for 1 cm2 flexible OSCs is achieved. The performances of large-area flexible OSCs also reach 7.79% (4 cm2) and 7.35% (9 cm2), respectively, which are much higher than those of the control devices with conventional flexible indium tin oxide electrodes. Surface planarization using highly conductive PEDOT:PSS and modification of the ZnO buffer layer by zirconium acetylacetonate (ZrAcac) are two necessary steps to achieve high performance. The flexible OSCs employing Ag/Cu grid have excellent mechanical bending resistance, maintaining high performance after bending at a radius of 2 mm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Han
- School of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230027P. R. China
- Suzhou Institute of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsChinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and TechnologySuzhou215123P. R. China
| | - Xiaolian Chen
- School of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230027P. R. China
- Suzhou Institute of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsChinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and TechnologySuzhou215123P. R. China
| | - Junfeng Wei
- School of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230027P. R. China
- Suzhou Institute of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsChinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and TechnologySuzhou215123P. R. China
| | - Guoqi Ji
- School of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230027P. R. China
- Suzhou Institute of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsChinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and TechnologySuzhou215123P. R. China
| | - Chen Wang
- School of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230027P. R. China
- Suzhou Institute of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsChinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and TechnologySuzhou215123P. R. China
| | - Wenchao Zhao
- Institute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190P. R. China
| | - Junqi Lai
- School of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230027P. R. China
- Suzhou Institute of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsChinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and TechnologySuzhou215123P. R. China
| | - Wusong Zha
- School of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230027P. R. China
- Suzhou Institute of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsChinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and TechnologySuzhou215123P. R. China
| | - Zerui Li
- School of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230027P. R. China
- Suzhou Institute of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsChinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and TechnologySuzhou215123P. R. China
| | - Lingpeng Yan
- School of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230027P. R. China
- Suzhou Institute of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsChinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and TechnologySuzhou215123P. R. China
| | - Huiming Gu
- School of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230027P. R. China
- Suzhou Institute of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsChinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and TechnologySuzhou215123P. R. China
| | - Qun Luo
- School of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230027P. R. China
- Suzhou Institute of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsChinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and TechnologySuzhou215123P. R. China
| | - Qi Chen
- School of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230027P. R. China
- Suzhou Institute of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsChinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and TechnologySuzhou215123P. R. China
| | - Liwei Chen
- School of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230027P. R. China
- Suzhou Institute of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsChinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and TechnologySuzhou215123P. R. China
| | - Jianhui Hou
- Institute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190P. R. China
| | - Wenming Su
- School of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230027P. R. China
- Suzhou Institute of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsChinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and TechnologySuzhou215123P. R. China
| | - Chang‐Qi Ma
- School of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230027P. R. China
- Suzhou Institute of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsChinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and TechnologySuzhou215123P. R. China
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22
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Wang G, Adil MA, Zhang J, Wei Z. Large-Area Organic Solar Cells: Material Requirements, Modular Designs, and Printing Methods. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1805089. [PMID: 30506830 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201805089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The printing of large-area organic solar cells (OSCs) has become a frontier for organic electronics and is also regarded as a critical step in their industrial applications. With the rapid progress in the field of OSCs, the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) for small-area devices is approaching 15%, whereas the PCE for large-area devices has also surpassed 10% in a single cell with an area of ≈1 cm2 . Here, the progress of this fast developing area is reviewed, mainly focusing on: 1) material requirements (materials that are able to form efficient thick active layer films for large-area printing); 2) modular designs (effective designs that can suppress electrical, geometric, optical, and additional losses, leading to a reduction in the PCE of the devices, as a consequence of substrate area expansion); and 3) printing methods (various scalable fabrication techniques that are employed for large-area fabrication, including knife coating, slot-die coating, screen printing, inkjet printing, gravure printing, flexographic printing, pad printing, and brush coating). By combining thick-film material systems with efficient modular designs exhibiting low-efficiency losses and employing the right printing methods, the fabrication of large-area OSCs will be successfully realized in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Muhammad Abdullah Adil
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Jianqi Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Zhixiang Wei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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23
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Meng X, Zhang L, Xie Y, Hu X, Xing Z, Huang Z, Liu C, Tan L, Zhou W, Sun Y, Ma W, Chen Y. A General Approach for Lab-to-Manufacturing Translation on Flexible Organic Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1903649. [PMID: 31423693 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201903649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The blossoming of organic solar cells (OSCs) has triggered enormous commercial applications, due to their high-efficiency, light weight, and flexibility. However, the lab-to-manufacturing translation of the praisable performance from lab-scale devices to industrial-scale modules is still the Achilles' heel of OSCs. In fact, it is urgent to explore the mechanism of morphological evolution in the bulk heterojunction (BHJ) with different coating/printing methods. Here, a general approach to upscale flexible organic photovoltaics to module scale without obvious efficiency loss is demonstrated. The shear impulse during the coating/printing process is first applied to control the morphology evolution of the BHJ layer for both fullerene and nonfullerene acceptor systems. A quantitative transformation factor of shear impulse between slot-die printing and spin-coating is detected. Compelling results of morphological evolution, molecular stacking, and coarse-grained molecular simulation verify the validity of the impulse translation. Accordingly, the efficiency of flexible devices via slot-die printing achieves 9.10% for PTB7-Th:PC71 BM and 9.77% for PBDB-T:ITIC based on 1.04 cm2 . Furthermore, 15 cm2 flexible modules with effective efficiency up to 7.58% (PTB7-Th:PC71 BM) and 8.90% (PBDB-T:ITIC) are demonstrated with satisfying mechanical flexibility and operating stability. More importantly, this work outlines the shear impulse translation for organic printing electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangchuan Meng
- College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
- Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Yuanpeng Xie
- School of Chemistry, Beihang University, 37 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xiaotian Hu
- College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
- Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Zhi Xing
- College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Zengqi Huang
- College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Cong Liu
- College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Licheng Tan
- College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
- Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Weihua Zhou
- College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
- Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Yanming Sun
- School of Chemistry, Beihang University, 37 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Yiwang Chen
- College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
- Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
- Institute of Advanced Scientific Research (iASR), Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang, 330022, China
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24
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Meng X, Xu Y, Wang Q, Yang X, Guo J, Hu X, Tan L, Chen Y. Silver Mesh Electrodes via Electroless Deposition-Coupled Inkjet-Printing Mask Technology for Flexible Polymer Solar Cells. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:9713-9720. [PMID: 31276416 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b00846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The application of metal grids as flexible transparent electrodes (FTEs) in optoelectronic devices is significantly influenced by poor adhesion and thickness difference between the metal and the substrate, resistance distribution uniformity, and a high annealing temperature. Direct inkjet printing of the metal mesh can overcome junction resistance while maintaining high conductivity, but the metal mesh thickness is still unsatisfactory. In addition, inkjet printing of mechanically durable metal FTEs directly on flexible substrates is challenging because of the high-temperature sintering treatment. Electroless deposition is a well-established method for low-cost and large-scale deposition of metal films. Here, ultrathin and ultraflexible Ag mesh@polydopamine (PDA)/poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) FTEs were fabricated by integrating inkjet-printed polymer matrices on a PDA-modified flexible PET substrate to form consecutive patterns as a mask and performing subsequent electroless deposition of the Ag mesh. The FTEs exhibit an excellent sheet resistance (Rs) of 9 Ω/sq with 89.9% transmittance. The resultant polymer solar cells show a superior power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 10.24% with 1 cm2 area and feature excellent flexural endurance (81% of initial PCE after 1500 bending cycles) and operational reliability (83% of initial PCE after 30 days). This ecofriendly and large-area fabrication technique has potential for future commercial applications of wearable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangchuan Meng
- College of Chemistry , Nanchang University , 999 Xuefu Avenue , Nanchang 330031 , China
- Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC) , Nanchang University , Nanchang 330031 , China
| | - Yifan Xu
- College of Chemistry , Nanchang University , 999 Xuefu Avenue , Nanchang 330031 , China
| | - Qingxia Wang
- College of Chemistry , Nanchang University , 999 Xuefu Avenue , Nanchang 330031 , China
- Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC) , Nanchang University , Nanchang 330031 , China
| | - Xia Yang
- College of Chemistry , Nanchang University , 999 Xuefu Avenue , Nanchang 330031 , China
| | - Jinmao Guo
- College of Chemistry , Nanchang University , 999 Xuefu Avenue , Nanchang 330031 , China
| | - Xiaotian Hu
- Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC) , Nanchang University , Nanchang 330031 , China
| | - Licheng Tan
- College of Chemistry , Nanchang University , 999 Xuefu Avenue , Nanchang 330031 , China
- Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC) , Nanchang University , Nanchang 330031 , China
| | - Yiwang Chen
- College of Chemistry , Nanchang University , 999 Xuefu Avenue , Nanchang 330031 , China
- Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC) , Nanchang University , Nanchang 330031 , China
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25
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Duan C, Peng Z, Colberts FJM, Pang S, Ye L, Awartani OM, Hendriks KH, Ade H, Wienk MM, Janssen RAJ. Efficient Thick-Film Polymer Solar Cells with Enhanced Fill Factors via Increased Fullerene Loading. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:10794-10800. [PMID: 30799598 PMCID: PMC6429423 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b00337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Developing effective methods to make efficient bulk-heterojunction polymer solar cells at roll-to-roll relevant active layer thickness is of significant importance. We investigate the effect of fullerene content in polymer:fullerene blends on the fill factor (FF) and on the performance of thick-film solar cells for four different donor polymers PTB7-Th, PDPP-TPT, BDT-FBT-2T, and poly[5,5'-bis(2-butyloctyl)-(2,2'-bithiophene)-4,4'-dicarboxylate- alt-5,5'-2,2'-bithiophene] (PDCBT). At a few hundreds of nanometers thickness, increased FFs are observed in all cases and improved overall device performances are obtained except for PDCBT upon increasing fullerene content in blend films. This fullerene content effect was studied in more detail by electrical and morphological characterization. The results suggest enhanced electron mobility and suppressed bimolecular recombination upon increasing fullerene content in thick polymer:fullerene blend films, which are the result of larger fullerene aggregates and improved interconnectivity of the fullerene phases that provide continuous percolating pathways for electron transport in thick films. These findings are important because an effective and straightforward method that enables fabricating efficient thick-film polymer solar cells is desirable for large-scale manufacturing via roll-to-roll processing and for multijunction devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhui Duan
- Institute
of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory
of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South
China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
- Molecular
Materials and Nanosystems, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Zhengxing Peng
- Department
of Physics and ORaCEL, North Carolina State
University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Fallon J. M. Colberts
- Molecular
Materials and Nanosystems, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Shuting Pang
- Institute
of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory
of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South
China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Long Ye
- Department
of Physics and ORaCEL, North Carolina State
University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Omar M. Awartani
- Department
of Physics and ORaCEL, North Carolina State
University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Koen H. Hendriks
- Molecular
Materials and Nanosystems, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
- Dutch
Institute for Fundamental Energy Research, De Zaale 20, Eindhoven 5612 AJ, The Netherlands
| | - Harald Ade
- Department
of Physics and ORaCEL, North Carolina State
University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Martijn M. Wienk
- Molecular
Materials and Nanosystems, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - René A. J. Janssen
- Molecular
Materials and Nanosystems, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
- Dutch
Institute for Fundamental Energy Research, De Zaale 20, Eindhoven 5612 AJ, The Netherlands
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26
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Wang B, Fu Y, Yan C, Zhang R, Yang Q, Han Y, Xie Z. Insight Into the Role of PC 71BM on Enhancing the Photovoltaic Performance of Ternary Organic Solar Cells. Front Chem 2018; 6:198. [PMID: 29922645 PMCID: PMC5996040 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of non-fullerene acceptor molecules have remarkably boosted power conversion efficiency (PCE) of polymer solar cells (PSCs) due to the improved spectral coverage and reduced energy loss. An introduction of fullerene molecules into the non-fullerene acceptor-based blend may further improve the photovoltaic performance of the resultant ternary PSCs. However, the underlying mechanism is still debatable. Herein, the ternary PSCs based on PBDB-T:ITIC:PC71BM blend were fabricated and its PCE was increased to 10.2% compared to 9.2% for the binary PBDB-T:ITIC devices and 8.1% for the PBDB-T:PC71BM PSCs. Systematic investigation was carried out to disclose the effect of PC71BM on the blend morphology and charge transport behavior. It is found that the PC71BM tends to intermix with the PBDB-T donor compared to the ITIC counterpart. A small amount of PC71BM in the ternary blend is helpful for ITIC to aggregate and form efficient electron-transport pathways. Accordingly, the electron mobility is increased and the density of electron traps is decreased in the ternary blend in comparison with the PBDB-T:ITIC blend. Finally, the suppressed bimolecular recombination and enhanced charge collection lead to high PCE for the ternary solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yingying Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Chi Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qingqing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Yanchun Han
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Zhiyuan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
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27
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Niu S, Liu Z, Wang N. Effect of dihydronaphthyl-based C60 bisadduct as third component materials on the photovoltaic performance and charge carrier recombination of binary PBDB-T : ITIC polymer solar cells. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:8483-8495. [PMID: 29693093 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr01969j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A dihydronaphthyl-based C60 bisadduct (NCBA) acceptor was introduced as a third component to typical poly[(2,6-(4,8-bis(5-(2-ethylhexyl)thiophen-2-yl)-benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b0]dithiophene))-alt-(5,5-(10,30-di-2-thienyl-50,70-bis(2-ethylhexyl)benzo[10,20-c:40,50-c0]dithiophene-4,8-dione))] (PBDB-T): 3,9-bis(2-methylene-(3-(1,1-dicyanomethylene)-indanone))-5,5,11,11-tetrakis(4-hexylphenyl)-dithieno[2,3-d:20,30-d0]-s-indaceno[1,2-b:5,6-b0]-dithiophene (ITIC) binary polymer solar cells (PSCs). NCBA plays a bridging role between the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of PBDB-T and ITIC and provides more routes for charge carrier transfer at the interface between PBDB-T and ITIC, whereupon a higher open-circuit voltage (VOC) could be realized upon the addition of NCBA relative to the neat ITIC as an electron acceptor. With the strong visible light absorption in the range from 300 to 520 nm of the NCBA molecule, it had the effect of apparently complementary visible light absorption compared with the binary PBDB-T : ITIC layer. The crystallinity and surface morphology of the PBDB-T : NCBA : ITIC (1 : 0.1 : 0.9) thin films was similar to that of the binary PBDB-T : ITIC layer, which guaranteed suitable efficient exciton dissociation and charge carrier transport. The photocurrent density versus effective voltage (Jph-Veff) curves, short-circuit current density (JSC), and VOC as a function of incident light intensity as well as the transient photovoltage (TPV) and transient photocurrent (TPC) were measured, and the results illustrated the effects of NCBA as third component materials in terms of efficient exciton dissociation and reduced charge carrier recombination and loss. The PBDB-T : NCBA : ITIC (1 : 0.1 : 0.9)-based PSCs showed an optimized PCE value of 9.56% and better thermal stability after 10 h thermal annealing treatment (the normalized PCE value was 92.5% of the initial PCE value).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengli Niu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, School of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, People's Republic of China
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28
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Li P, Wu B, Xiang J, Yang XD, Huang HS, Zhou GD, Song QL. The direct observation of electron backflow in an organic heterojunction formed by two n-type materials. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018. [PMID: 29513316 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp07817j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Many physical processes such as exciton interfacial dissociation, exciton interfacial recombination, and exciton-electron and exciton-hole interactions coexist at the interface of organic solar cells (OSC). In this study, the direction of free charge generation is defined as the direction from the interface to the side where free charges are left. For a p-n type device, the direction of free electron (hole) generation from exciton dissociation at the donor/accepter (D/A) interface is the same as the subsequent transportation direction under the built-in electric field. However, the direction of free electron (hole) generation from exciton-exciton recombination across the D/A interface is opposite to the direction of free charge transportation. Both free charges generated from exciton interfacial dissociation and recombination are contributed to the photocurrent for a p-n type device. In a device with a heterojunction formed by two n-type materials (here it is defined as an n-n type device), the direction of free electron (hole) generation from exciton recombination across the interface is also the same as the subsequent free charge transportation. At the same time, there are also some free electrons (free holes) generated by exciton interfacial dissociation. The direction of free charge generation from exciton dissociation for this n-n type device is also opposite to the direction of free charge transportation. However, only free charges generated from exciton interfacial recombination are contributed to the photocurrent for an n-n type device. But so far there has been no direct experimental evidence to prove the above theories. In this work, an NPB interfacial layer with a high LUMO was introduced in an n-n type OSC to inhibit the backflow of electrons, which are generated from exciton dissociation at the heterojunction formed by two n-type materials, enhancing the device performance accordingly. This work is conducive to interfacial engineering in an OSC to further improve its performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- School of Physics and Electronic Science, Zunyi Normal College, Zunyi 563002, China and Institute for Clean Energy and Advanced Materials, Faculty of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China. and Chongqing Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Technologies of Clean Energy, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Bo Wu
- School of Physics and Electronic Science, Zunyi Normal College, Zunyi 563002, China
| | - Jin Xiang
- Institute for Clean Energy and Advanced Materials, Faculty of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China. and Chongqing Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Technologies of Clean Energy, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Xiu De Yang
- School of Physics and Electronic Science, Zunyi Normal College, Zunyi 563002, China and Institute for Clean Energy and Advanced Materials, Faculty of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China.
| | - Hai Shen Huang
- School of Physics and Electronic Science, Zunyi Normal College, Zunyi 563002, China
| | - Guang Dong Zhou
- Institute for Clean Energy and Advanced Materials, Faculty of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China. and Chongqing Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Technologies of Clean Energy, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Qun Liang Song
- Institute for Clean Energy and Advanced Materials, Faculty of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China. and Chongqing Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Technologies of Clean Energy, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
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29
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Fan Q, Wang Y, Zhang M, Wu B, Guo X, Jiang Y, Li W, Guo B, Ye C, Su W, Fang J, Ou X, Liu F, Wei Z, Sum TC, Russell TP, Li Y. High-Performance As-Cast Nonfullerene Polymer Solar Cells with Thicker Active Layer and Large Area Exceeding 11% Power Conversion Efficiency. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:1704546. [PMID: 29235212 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201704546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a nonfullerene polymer solar cell (PSC) based on a wide bandgap polymer donor PM6 containing fluorinated thienyl benzodithiophene (BDT-2F) unit and a narrow bandgap small molecule acceptor 2,2'-((2Z,2'Z)-((4,4,9,9-tetrahexyl-4,9-dihydro-s-indaceno[1,2-b:5,6-b']dithiophene-2,7-diyl)bis(methanylylidene))bis(3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-2,1-diylidene))dimalononitrile (IDIC) is developed. In addition to matched energy levels and complementary absorption spectrum with IDIC, PM6 possesses high crystallinity and strong π-π stacking alignment, which are favorable to charge carrier transport and hence suppress recombination in devices. As a result, the PM6:IDIC-based PSCs without extra treatments show an outstanding power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 11.9%, which is the record value for the as-cast PSC devices reported in the literature to date. Moreover, the device performances are insensitive to the active layer thickness (≈95-255 nm) and device area (0.20-0.81 cm2 ) with PCEs of over 11%. Besides, the PM6:IDIC-based flexible PSCs with a large device area of 1.25 cm2 exhibit a high PCE of 6.54%. These results indicate that the PM6:IDIC blend is a promising candidate for future roll-to-roll mass manufacturing and practical application of highly efficient PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qunping Fan
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yan Wang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Maojie Zhang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Bo Wu
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371
| | - Xia Guo
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yufeng Jiang
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Wanbin Li
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Bing Guo
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Chennan Ye
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Wenyan Su
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jin Fang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Xuemei Ou
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Zhixiang Wei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Tze Chien Sum
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371
| | - Thomas P Russell
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Yongfang Li
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
- CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
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30
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Yun JH, Ahn H, Lee P, Ko MJ, Son HJ. Development of Highly Crystalline Donor–Acceptor-Type Random Polymers for High Performance Large-Area Organic Solar Cells. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b01613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hoon Yun
- Photo-electronic
Hybrids Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea
- Division
of Energy and Environment, KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungju Ahn
- Pohang Accelerator
Laboratory, Kyungbuk, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Phillip Lee
- Photo-electronic
Hybrids Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jae Ko
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Jung Son
- Photo-electronic
Hybrids Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea
- Division
of Energy and Environment, KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
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