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Sheng F, Deng W, Ren X, Liu X, Meng X, Shi J, Grigorian S, Jie J, Zhang X. Breaking Fundamental Limitation of Flow-Induced Anisotropic Growth for Large-Scale and Fast Printing of Organic Single-Crystal Films. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2401822. [PMID: 38555558 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202401822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Advanced organic electronic technologies have put forward a pressing demand for cost-effective and high-throughput fabrication of organic single-crystal films (OSCFs). However, solution-printed OSCFs are typically plagued by the existence of abundant structural defects, which pose a formidable challenge to achieving large-scale and high-performance organic electronics. Here, it is elucidated that these structural defects are mainly originated from printing flow-induced anisotropic growth, an important factor that is overlooked for too long. In light of this, a surfactant-additive printing method is proposed to effectively overcome the anisotropic growth, enabling the deposition of uniform OSCFs over the wafer scale at a high speed of 1.2 mm s-1 at room temperature. The resulting OSCF exhibits appealing performance with a high average mobility up to 10.7 cm2 V-1 s-1, which is one of the highest values for flexible organic field-effect transistor arrays. Moreover, large-scale OSCF-based flexible logic circuits, which can be bent without degradation to a radius as small as 4.0 mm and over 1000 cycles are realized. The work provides profound insights into breaking the limitation of flow-induced anisotropic growth and opens new avenues for printing large-scale organic single-crystal electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangming Sheng
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Wei Deng
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Xiaobin Ren
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Xinyue Liu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Xinghan Meng
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Jialin Shi
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Souren Grigorian
- Department of Physics, University of Siegen, 57072, Siegen, Germany
| | - Jiansheng Jie
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
- Macao Institute of Materials Science and Engineering (MIMSE), MUST-SUDA Joint Research Center for Advanced Functional Materials, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau SAR, 999078, China
| | - Xiujuan Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
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2
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Xue C, He N, Zhao X, Ni Y, Wang B, Tong Y, Tang Q, Liu Y. Submicron-Thickness Ultraflexible Organic Light-Emitting Diodes via a Photoregulated Stripping Strategy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:14015-14025. [PMID: 38446708 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c17782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
With the rapid advances in imperceptible and epidermal electronics, the research on ultraflexible organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) has become increasingly significant, owing to their excellent flexibility and conformability to the human body. It is highly desirable to develop submicrometer-thick ultraflexible OLEDs to enable the devices to seamlessly conform to the surface of arbitrary-shaped objects and still function properly. However, it remains a huge challenge for currently reported OLEDs due to the lack of an appropriate stripping strategy. Here, for the first time, we develop a facile photoregulated stripping strategy for the fabrication of high-performance ultraflexible OLEDs with submicron thickness. Under ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, the surface adhesion force of the ultrathin photopolymer membrane can be adjusted from 16.9 to 5.1 N/m, thereby effectively controlling the laminating and detaching process. Based on this strategy, the resultant device thickness is as low as 0.821 μm, which is the lowest record among flexible OLEDs reported to date. More remarkably, excellent electrical properties with a maximum current efficiency (CE) of 62.5 cd/A, an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 17.8%, and a low turn-on voltage of 2.5 V are realized, which are superior to almost all of the reported ultraflexible OLEDs with thicknesses below 10 μm. Based on versatile ultraflexible OLEDs, all-organic and skin-mounted displays are successfully realized by employing a conformable organic thin-film transistor (OTFT) as the driver. This work offers a feasible strategy for advancing OLEDs from flexible to ultraflexible, showing significant application potential in future epidermal electronics and conformal displays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Xue
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Lab of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Ning He
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Lab of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhao
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Lab of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yanping Ni
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Lab of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Lab of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yanhong Tong
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Lab of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Qingxin Tang
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Lab of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yichun Liu
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Lab of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
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3
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Fu Y, Zhu J, Sun Y, Sun S, Tie K, Qi J, Wang Y, Wang Z, Hu Y, Ding S, Huang R, Gong Z, Huang Y, Chen X, Li L, Hu W. Oxygen-Induced Barrier Lowering for High-Performance Organic Field-Effect Transistors. ACS NANO 2023. [PMID: 37487031 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c04177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) have the advantages of low-cost, large-area processing and could be utilized in a variety of emerging applications. However, the generally large contact resistance (Rc) limits the integration and miniaturization of OFETs. The Rc is difficult to reduce due to an incompatibility between obtaining strong orbit coupling and the barrier height reduction. In this study, we developed an oxygen-induced barrier lowering strategy by introducing oxygen (O2) into the nanointerface between the electrodes and organic semiconductors layer and achieved an ultralow channel width-normalized Rc (Rc·W) of 89.8 Ω·cm and a high mobility of 11.32 cm2 V-1 s-1. This work demonstrates that O2 adsorbed at the nanointerface of metal-semiconductor contact can significantly reduce the Rc from both experiments and theoretical simulations and provides guidance for the construction of high-performance OFETs, which is conducive to the integration and miniaturization of OFETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Fu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuits, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuits, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yajing Sun
- Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuits, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Shougang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuits, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Kai Tie
- Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuits, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jiannan Qi
- Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuits, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yanpeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuits, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Zhongwu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuits, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yongxu Hu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuits, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Shuaishuai Ding
- Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuits, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Rong Huang
- Vacuum Interconnected Nanotech Workstation (NANO-X), Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215125, China
| | - Zhongmiao Gong
- Vacuum Interconnected Nanotech Workstation (NANO-X), Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215125, China
| | - Yinan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuits, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xiaosong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuits, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Liqiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuits, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Fuzhou 350207, China
| | - Wenping Hu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuits, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Fuzhou 350207, China
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4
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Gong H, Lin J, Sun H. Nanocrystal Array Engineering and Optoelectronic Applications of Organic Small-Molecule Semiconductors. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2087. [PMID: 37513098 PMCID: PMC10386679 DOI: 10.3390/nano13142087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Organic small-molecule semiconductor materials have attracted extensive attention because of their excellent properties. Due to the randomness of crystal orientation and growth location, however, the preparation of continuous and highly ordered organic small-molecule semiconductor nanocrystal arrays still face more challenges. Compared to organic macromolecules, organic small molecules exhibit better crystallinity, and therefore, they exhibit better semiconductor performance. The formation of organic small-molecule crystals relies heavily on weak interactions such as hydrogen bonds, van der Waals forces, and π-π interactions, which are very sensitive to external stimuli such as mechanical forces, high temperatures, and organic solvents. Therefore, nanocrystal array engineering is more flexible than that of the inorganic materials. In addition, nanocrystal array engineering is a key step towards practical application. To resolve this problem, many conventional nanocrystal array preparation methods have been developed, such as spin coating, etc. In this review, the typical and recent progress of nanocrystal array engineering are summarized. It is the typical and recent innovations that the array of nanocrystal array engineering can be patterned on the substrate through top-down, bottom-up, self-assembly, and crystallization methods, and it can also be patterned by constructing a series of microscopic structures. Finally, various multifunctional and emerging applications based on organic small-molecule semiconductor nanocrystal arrays are introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu Gong
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Jinyi Lin
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Huibin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
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5
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Zohaib M, Afzal T, Zahir Iqbal M, Almutairi BS, Ali Raza M, Maqsood MF, Raza MA, Riaz S, Naseem S, Iqbal MJ. Role of time-dependent foreign molecules bonding in the degradation mechanism of polymer field-effect transistors in ambient conditions. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2023; 10:221272. [PMID: 37325589 PMCID: PMC10265018 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.221272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Long-standing research efforts have enabled the widespread introduction of organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) in next-generation technologies. Concurrently, environmental and operational stability is the major bottleneck in commercializing OFETs. The underpinning mechanism behind these instabilities is still elusive. Here we demonstrate the effect of ambient air on the performance of p-type polymer field-effect transistors. After exposure to ambient air, the device showed significant variations in performance parameters for around 30 days, and then relatively stable behaviour was observed. Two competing mechanisms influencing environmental stability are the diffusion of moisture and oxygen in the metal-organic interface and the active organic layer of the OFET. We measured the time-dependent contact and channel resistances to probe which mechanism is dominant. We found that the dominant role in the degradation of the device stability is the channel resistance rather than the contact resistance. Through time-dependent Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis, we systematically prove that moisture and oxygen cause performance variation in OFETs. FTIR spectra revealed that water and oxygen interact with the polymer chain and perturb its conjugation, thus resulting in degraded performance of the device upon prolonged exposure to ambient air. Our results are important in addressing the environmental instability of organic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zohaib
- Centre of Excellence in Solid State Physics, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Tahmina Afzal
- Centre of Excellence in Solid State Physics, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - M. Zahir Iqbal
- Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering Sciences, GIK Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi-23640, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Badriah S. Almutairi
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohsin Ali Raza
- Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Universityof the Punjab, Lahore-54590, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Faheem Maqsood
- Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Universityof the Punjab, Lahore-54590, Pakistan
| | - M. Akram Raza
- Centre of Excellence in Solid State Physics, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Saira Riaz
- Centre of Excellence in Solid State Physics, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Shahzad Naseem
- Centre of Excellence in Solid State Physics, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - M. Javaid Iqbal
- Centre of Excellence in Solid State Physics, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
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6
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Sun C, Wang T. Organic thin-film transistors and related devices in life and health monitoring. NANO RESEARCH 2023:1-19. [PMID: 37359073 PMCID: PMC10102697 DOI: 10.1007/s12274-023-5606-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The early determination of disease-related biomarkers can significantly improve the survival rate of patients. Thus, a series of explorations for new diagnosis technologies, such as optical and electrochemical methods, have been devoted to life and health monitoring. Organic thin-film transistor (OTFT), as a state-of-the-art nano-sensing technology, has attracted significant attention from construction to application owing to the merits of being label-free, low-cost, facial, and rapid detection with multi-parameter responses. Nevertheless, interference from non-specific adsorption is inevitable in complex biological samples such as body liquid and exhaled gas, so the reliability and accuracy of the biosensor need to be further improved while ensuring sensitivity, selectivity, and stability. Herein, we overviewed the composition, mechanism, and construction strategies of OTFTs for the practical determination of disease-related biomarkers in both body fluids and exhaled gas. The results show that the realization of bio-inspired applications will come true with the rapid development of high-effective OTFTs and related devices. Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available in the online version of this article at 10.1007/s12274-023-5606-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenfang Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Bioimaging, Life and Health Intelligent Research Institute, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384 China
| | - Tie Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Bioimaging, Life and Health Intelligent Research Institute, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384 China
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7
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Liu C, Wang Y, Wang S, Xia X, Xiao H, Liu J, Hu S, Yi X, Liu Y, Wu Y, Shang J, Li RW. Design and 3D Printing of Stretchable Conductor with High Dynamic Stability. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:3098. [PMID: 37109934 PMCID: PMC10146708 DOI: 10.3390/ma16083098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
As an indispensable part of wearable devices and mechanical arms, stretchable conductors have received extensive attention in recent years. The design of a high-dynamic-stability, stretchable conductor is the key technology to ensure the normal transmission of electrical signals and electrical energy of wearable devices under large mechanical deformation, which has always been an important research topic domestically and abroad. In this paper, a stretchable conductor with a linear bunch structure is designed and prepared by combining numerical modeling and simulation with 3D printing technology. The stretchable conductor consists of a 3D-printed bunch-structured equiwall elastic insulating resin tube and internally filled free-deformable liquid metal. This conductor has a very high conductivity exceeding 104 S cm-1, good stretchability with an elongation at break exceeding 50%, and great tensile stability, with a relative change in resistance of only about 1% at 50% tensile strain. Finally, this paper demonstrates it as a headphone cable (transmitting electrical signals) and a mobile phone charging wire (transmitting electrical energy), which proves its good mechanical and electrical properties and shows good application potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liu
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Yuwei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Shengding Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Xiangling Xia
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Huiyun Xiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Jinyun Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Siqi Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Xiaohui Yi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Yiwei Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Yuanzhao Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Jie Shang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Run-Wei Li
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Jeong W, Park Y, Hong YK, Kim I, Son H, Ha DH. How Do Colloidal Nanoparticles Move in a Solution under an Electric Field?: In Situ Light Scattering Analysis. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:1230-1238. [PMID: 36716325 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c03312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the dynamics of colloidal nanoparticles (NPs) in a solution is the key to assembling them into solids through a solution process such as electrophoretic deposition. In this study, newly developed in situ analysis with light scattering is used to examine NP dynamics induced by a non-uniform electric field. We reveal that the symmetric directions of moving NP aggregates are due to dielectrophoresis between the cylindrical electrodes, while the actual NP deposition is based on the charge of NPs (electrophoresis). Over time, the symmetry of the dynamics becomes less evident, inducing feeble deposition as the less-ordered dynamics become stronger. Eventually, two separate deposition mechanisms emerge as the deposition rate decreases with the change in the NP dynamics. Furthermore, we identify the vortex-like NP motion between the electrodes. These in situ analyses provide insights into the electrophoretic deposition mechanism and NP behavior in a solution under an electric field for fine film construction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wooseok Jeong
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonsu Park
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Kun Hong
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Ildoo Kim
- Department of Mechatronics, Konkuk University, Chungju27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungbin Son
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Don-Hyung Ha
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul06974, Republic of Korea
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Yu SH, Hassan SZ, So C, Kang M, Chung DS. Molecular-Switch-Embedded Solution-Processed Semiconductors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2203401. [PMID: 35929102 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202203401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Recent improvements in the performance of solution-processed semiconductor materials and optoelectronic devices have shifted research interest to the diversification/advancement of their functionality. Embedding a molecular switch capable of transition between two or more metastable isomers by light stimuli is one of the most straightforward and widely accepted methods to potentially realize the multifunctionality of optoelectronic devices. A molecular switch embedded in a semiconductor can effectively control various parameters such as trap-level, dielectric constant, electrical resistance, charge mobility, and charge polarity, which can be utilized in photoprogrammable devices including transistors, memory, and diodes. This review classifies the mechanism of each optoelectronic transition driven by molecular switches regardless of the type of semiconductor material or molecular switch or device. In addition, the basic characteristics of molecular switches and the persisting technical/scientific issues corresponding to each mechanism are discussed to help researchers. Finally, interesting yet infrequently reported applications of molecular switches and their mechanisms are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Hoon Yu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science & Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Syed Zahid Hassan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science & Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan So
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science & Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Mingyun Kang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science & Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Sung Chung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science & Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
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10
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Kim S, Seo J, Choi J, Yoo H. Vertically Integrated Electronics: New Opportunities from Emerging Materials and Devices. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2022; 14:201. [PMID: 36205848 PMCID: PMC9547046 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-022-00942-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Vertical three-dimensional (3D) integration is a highly attractive strategy to integrate a large number of transistor devices per unit area. This approach has emerged to accommodate the higher demand of data processing capability and to circumvent the scaling limitation. A huge number of research efforts have been attempted to demonstrate vertically stacked electronics in the last two decades. In this review, we revisit materials and devices for the vertically integrated electronics with an emphasis on the emerging semiconductor materials that can be processable by bottom-up fabrication methods, which are suitable for future flexible and wearable electronics. The vertically stacked integrated circuits are reviewed based on the semiconductor materials: organic semiconductors, carbon nanotubes, metal oxide semiconductors, and atomically thin two-dimensional materials including transition metal dichalcogenides. The features, device performance, and fabrication methods for 3D integration of the transistor based on each semiconductor are discussed. Moreover, we highlight recent advances that can be important milestones in the vertically integrated electronics including advanced integrated circuits, sensors, and display systems. There are remaining challenges to overcome; however, we believe that the vertical 3D integration based on emerging semiconductor materials and devices can be a promising strategy for future electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongjae Kim
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhyung Seo
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Junhwan Choi
- Center of Bio-Integrated Electronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Dankook University, 152 Jukjeon-ro, Suji-gu, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do, 16890, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hocheon Yoo
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, 13120, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Okutani C, Yokota T, Someya T. Ultrathin Fiber-Mesh Polymer Thermistors. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2202312. [PMID: 36057993 PMCID: PMC9596841 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202202312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Flexible sensors enable on-skin and in-body health monitoring, which require flexible thermal protection circuits to prevent overheating and operate the devices safely. Here, ultrathin fiber-mesh polymer positive temperature coefficient (PTC) thermistors via electrospinning are developed. The fiber-type thermistors are composed of acrylate polymer and carbon nanofibers. The fibrous composite materials are coated with a parylene to form a core-sheath structure, which improves the repeatability of temperature characteristics. Approximately 5 µm thick fiber-type thermistors exhibit an increase in the resistance by three orders of magnitude within ≈2 °C and repeatable temperature characteristics for up to 400 cycles. The mesh structure enables the thermistor layer to be ultra-lightweight and transparent; the mesh-type thermistor operates with a fiber density of 16.5 µg cm-2 , whose fiber layer has a transmittance of more than 90% in the 400-800 nm region. By fabricating the mesh thermistor on a 1.4 µm thick substrate, the thermistor operates without degradation when wrapped around a 280 µm radius needle. Furthermore, the gas-permeable property is demonstrated by fabricating the fibrous thermistor on a mesh substrate. The proposed ultrathin mesh polymer PTC thermistors form the basis for on-skin and implantable devices that are equipped with overheat prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Okutani
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information SystemsThe University of Tokyo7‐3‐1 Hongo, Bunkyo‐kuTokyo113‐8656Japan
- Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringShinshu University4‐17‐1, WakasatoNagano CityNagano380‐8553Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Yokota
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information SystemsThe University of Tokyo7‐3‐1 Hongo, Bunkyo‐kuTokyo113‐8656Japan
| | - Takao Someya
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information SystemsThe University of Tokyo7‐3‐1 Hongo, Bunkyo‐kuTokyo113‐8656Japan
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12
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Shi Q, Aziz I, Ciou JH, Wang J, Gao D, Xiong J, Lee PS. Al 2O 3/HfO 2 Nanolaminate Dielectric Boosting IGZO-Based Flexible Thin-Film Transistors. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2022; 14:195. [PMID: 36165917 PMCID: PMC9515270 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-022-00929-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
HIGHLIGHTS A stable laminated Al2O3/HfO2 insulator is developed by atomic layer deposition at a relatively lower temperature of 150 °C. The flexible thin-film transistors (TFTs) with bottom-gate top-contacted configuration are fabricated on a flexible substrate with the Al2O3/HfO2 insulator. The flexible TFTs present the carrier mobilities of 9.7 cm2 V−1 s−1, ON/OFF ratio of ~ 1.3 × 106, subthreshold voltage of 0.1 V, saturated current up to 0.83 mA, and subthreshold swing of 0.256 V dec−1. ABSTRACT Flexible thin-film transistors (TFTs) have attracted wide interest in the development of flexible and wearable displays or sensors. However, the conventional high processing temperatures hinder the preparation of stable and reliable dielectric materials on flexible substrates. Here, we develop a stable laminated Al2O3/HfO2 insulator by atomic layer deposition at a relatively lower temperature of 150 °C. A sputtered amorphous indium-gallium-zinc oxide (IGZO) with the stoichiometry of In0.37Ga0.20Zn0.18O0.25 is used as the active channel material. The flexible TFTs with bottom-gate top-contacted configuration are further fabricated on a flexible polyimide substrate with the Al2O3/HfO2 nanolaminates. Benefited from the unique structural and compositional configuration in the nanolaminates consisting of amorphous Al2O3, crystallized HfO2, and the aluminate Al–Hf–O phase, the as-prepared TFTs present the carrier mobilities of 9.7 cm2 V−1 s−1, ON/OFF ratio of ~ 1.3 × 106, subthreshold voltage of 0.1 V, saturated current up to 0.83 mA, and subthreshold swing of 0.256 V dec−1, signifying a high-performance flexible TFT, which simultaneously able to withstand the bending radius of 40 mm. The TFTs with nanolaminate insulator possess satisfactory humidity stability and hysteresis behavior in a relative humidity of 60–70%, a temperature of 25–30 °C environment. The yield of IGZO-based TFTs with the nanolaminate insulator reaches 95%. [Image: see text] SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40820-022-00929-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuwei Shi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, People's Republic of China
| | - Izzat Aziz
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Jin-Hao Ciou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Jiangxin Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Dace Gao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Jiaqing Xiong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Pooi See Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore.
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13
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Zhao C, Chen H, Ali MU, Yan C, Liu Z, He Y, Meng H. Improving the Performance of Red Organic Light-Emitting Transistors by Utilizing a High- k Organic/Inorganic Bilayer Dielectric. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:36902-36909. [PMID: 35930678 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c07216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Integration of electrical switching and light emission in a single unit makes organic light-emitting transistors (OLETs) highly promising multifunctional devices for next-generation active-matrix flat-panel displays and related applications. Here, high-performance red OLETs are fabricated in a multilayer configuration that incorporates a zirconia (ZrOx)/cross-linked poly(vinyl alcohol) (C-PVA) bilayer as a dielectric. The developed organic/inorganic bilayer dielectric renders high dielectric constant as well as improved dielectric/semiconductor interface quality, contributing to enhanced carrier mobility and high current density. In addition, an efficient red phosphorescent organic emitter doped in a bihost system is employed as the emitting layer for an effective exciton formation and light generation. Consequently, our optimized red OLETs displayed a high brightness of 16 470 cd m-2 and a peak external quantum efficiency of 11.9% under a low gate and source-drain voltage of -24 V. To further boost the device performance, an electron-blocking layer is introduced for ameliorated charge-carrier balance and hence suppressed exciton-charge quenching, which resulted in an improved maximum brightness of 20 030 cd m-2. We anticipate that the new device optimization approaches proposed in this work would spur further development of efficient OLETs with high brightness and curtailed efficiency roll-off.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changbin Zhao
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Hongming Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, P. R. China
| | - Muhammad Umair Ali
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI), Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Chaoyi Yan
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Zhenguo Liu
- Institute of Flexible Electronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, P. R. China
| | - Yaowu He
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Hong Meng
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
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14
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Yuan M, Huang D, Zhao Y. Development of Synthesis and Application of High Molecular Weight Poly(Methyl Methacrylate). Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14132632. [PMID: 35808676 PMCID: PMC9269080 DOI: 10.3390/polym14132632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) is widely used in aviation, architecture, medical treatment, optical instruments and other fields because of its good transparency, chemical stability and electrical insulation. However, the application of PMMA largely depends on its physical properties. Mechanical properties such as tensile strength, fracture surface energy, shear modulus and Young’s modulus are increased with the increase in molecular weight. Consequently, it is of great significance to synthesize high molecular weight PMMA. In this article, we review the application of conventional free radical polymerization, atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and coordination polymerization for preparing high molecular weight PMMA. The mechanisms of these polymerizations are discussed. In addition, applications of PMMA are also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yuan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0578-2271-458
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15
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Yang Y, Sun H, Zhao X, Xian D, Han X, Wang B, Wang S, Zhang M, Zhang C, Ye X, Ni Y, Tong Y, Tang Q, Liu Y. High-Mobility Fungus-Triggered Biodegradable Ultraflexible Organic Transistors. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2105125. [PMID: 35257518 PMCID: PMC9069197 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202105125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradable organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) have drawn tremendous attention for potential applications such as green electronic skins, degradable flexible displays, and novel implantable devices. However, it remains a huge challenge to simultaneously achieve high mobility, stable operation and controllable biodegradation of OFETs, because most of the widely used biodegradable insulating materials contain large amounts of hydrophilic groups. Herein, it is firstly proposed fungal-degradation ultraflexible OFETs based on the crosslinked dextran (C-dextran) as dielectric layer. The crosslinking strategy effectively eliminates polar hydrophilic groups and improves water and solvent resistance of dextran dielectric layer. The device with spin-coated 2,7-dioctyl[1]benzothieno[3,2-b][1]benzothiophene (C8-BTBT) semiconductor and C-dextran dielectric exhibits the highest mobility up to 7.72 cm2 V-1 s-1 , which is higher than all the reported degradable OFETs. Additionally, the device still maintains high performance regardless of in an environment humidity up to 80% or under the extreme bending radius of 0.0125 mm. After completion of their mission, the device can be controllably biodegraded by fungi without any adverse environmental effects, promoting the natural ecological cycles with the concepts of "From nature, for nature". This work opens up a new avenue for realizing high-performance biodegradable OFETs, and advances the process of the "green" electrical devices in practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahan Yang
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Researchand Key Lab of UV‐Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of EducationNortheast Normal University5268 Renmin StreetChangchun130024China
| | - Hongying Sun
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Researchand Key Lab of UV‐Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of EducationNortheast Normal University5268 Renmin StreetChangchun130024China
| | - Xiaoli Zhao
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Researchand Key Lab of UV‐Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of EducationNortheast Normal University5268 Renmin StreetChangchun130024China
| | - Da Xian
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Researchand Key Lab of UV‐Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of EducationNortheast Normal University5268 Renmin StreetChangchun130024China
| | - Xu Han
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Researchand Key Lab of UV‐Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of EducationNortheast Normal University5268 Renmin StreetChangchun130024China
| | - Bin Wang
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Researchand Key Lab of UV‐Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of EducationNortheast Normal University5268 Renmin StreetChangchun130024China
| | - Shuya Wang
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Researchand Key Lab of UV‐Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of EducationNortheast Normal University5268 Renmin StreetChangchun130024China
| | - Mingxin Zhang
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Researchand Key Lab of UV‐Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of EducationNortheast Normal University5268 Renmin StreetChangchun130024China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Researchand Key Lab of UV‐Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of EducationNortheast Normal University5268 Renmin StreetChangchun130024China
| | - Xiaolin Ye
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Researchand Key Lab of UV‐Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of EducationNortheast Normal University5268 Renmin StreetChangchun130024China
| | - Yanping Ni
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Researchand Key Lab of UV‐Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of EducationNortheast Normal University5268 Renmin StreetChangchun130024China
| | - Yanhong Tong
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Researchand Key Lab of UV‐Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of EducationNortheast Normal University5268 Renmin StreetChangchun130024China
| | - Qingxin Tang
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Researchand Key Lab of UV‐Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of EducationNortheast Normal University5268 Renmin StreetChangchun130024China
| | - Yichun Liu
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Researchand Key Lab of UV‐Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of EducationNortheast Normal University5268 Renmin StreetChangchun130024China
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16
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Zhang M, Zhang C, Yang Y, Ren H, Zhang J, Zhao X, Tong Y, Tang Q, Liu Y. Highly Stable Nonhydroxyl Antisolvent Polymer Dielectric: A New Strategy towards High-Performance Low-Temperature Solution-Processed Ultraflexible Organic Transistors for Skin-Inspired Electronics. Research (Wash D C) 2021; 2021:9897353. [PMID: 34957407 PMCID: PMC8678616 DOI: 10.34133/2021/9897353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Scarcity of the antisolvent polymer dielectrics and their poor stability have significantly prevented solution-processed ultraflexible organic transistors from low-temperature, large-scale production for applications in low-cost skin-inspired electronics. Here, we present a novel low-temperature solution-processed PEI-EP polymer dielectric with dramatically enhanced thermal stability, humidity stability, and frequency stability compared with the conventional PVA/c-PVA and c-PVP dielectrics, by incorporating polyethyleneimine PEI as crosslinking sites in nonhydroxyl epoxy EP. The PEI-EP dielectric requires a very low process temperature as low as 70°C and simultaneously possesses the high initial decomposition temperature (340°C) and glass transition temperature (230°C), humidity-resistant dielectric properties, and frequency-independent capacitance. Integrated into the solution-processed C8-BTBT thin-film transistors, the PEI-EP dielectric enables the device stable operation in air within 2 months and in high-humidity environment from 20 to 100% without significant performance degradation. The PEI-EP dielectric transistor array also presents weak hysteresis transfer characteristics, excellent electrical performance with 100% operation rate, high mobility up to 7.98 cm2 V-1 s-1 (1 Hz) and average mobility as high as 5.3 cm2 V-1 s-1 (1 Hz), excellent flexibility with the normal operation at the bending radius down to 0.003 mm, and foldable and crumpling-resistant capability. These results reveal the great potential of PEI-EP polymer as dielectric of low-temperature solution-processed ultraflexible organic transistors and open a new strategy for the development and applications of next-generation low-cost skin electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxin Zhang
- Centre for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research and Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Centre for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research and Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yahan Yang
- Centre for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research and Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Hang Ren
- Centre for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research and Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Junmo Zhang
- Centre for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research and Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhao
- Centre for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research and Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yanhong Tong
- Centre for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research and Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Qingxin Tang
- Centre for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research and Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yichun Liu
- Centre for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research and Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
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17
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Park M, Kang CM, Park S, Jo H, Roh J. Effect of Variations in the Alkyl Chain Lengths of Self-Assembled Monolayers on the Crystalline-Phase-Mediated Electrical Performance of Organic Field-Effect Transistors. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:33639-33644. [PMID: 34926911 PMCID: PMC8675033 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c04519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of organic molecules are frequently employed to improve the electrical performance of organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). However, the relationship between SAM properties and OFET performance has not been fully explored, leading to an incomplete understanding of the system. This study investigates the effect of the SAM alkyl chain length on the crystalline phase of pentacene films and OFET performance. Two types of SAMs-with alkyl chain lengths of 10 (decyltrichlorosilane, DTS) and 22 (docosyltrichlorosilane, DCTS)-were examined, and variations in the performance of pentacene-based OFETs with the nature of the SAM treatment were observed. Despite the similar surface morphologies of the pentacene films, field-effect mobility in the DCTS-treated OFET was twice that in the DTS-treated OFET. To find the reason underlying the dependence of the OFET's electrical performance on the SAM alkyl chain length, X-ray diffraction measurements were conducted, followed by a phase analysis of the pentacene films. Bulk and thin-film phases were observed to coexist in the pentacene film grown on DTS, indicating several structural defects in the film; this can help explain the dependence of the OFET electrical performance on the SAM alkyl chain length, mediated by the different crystalline phases of pentacene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myeongjin Park
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Inter-University Semiconductor
Research Center, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic
of Korea
| | - Chan-mo Kang
- Reality
Display Research Section, Electronics and
Telecommunications Research Institute, 218 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34129, Republic
of Korea
| | - Sangwook Park
- Department
of Electrical Engineering, Pusan National
University, 2 Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic
of Korea
| | - Hyeona Jo
- Department
of Electrical Engineering, Pusan National
University, 2 Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic
of Korea
| | - Jeongkyun Roh
- Department
of Electrical Engineering, Pusan National
University, 2 Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic
of Korea
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18
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Viola FA, Barsotti J, Melloni F, Lanzani G, Kim YH, Mattoli V, Caironi M. A sub-150-nanometre-thick and ultraconformable solution-processed all-organic transistor. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5842. [PMID: 34615870 PMCID: PMC8494881 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26120-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advancements in the field of electronics have paved the way to the development of new applications, such as tattoo electronics, where the employment of ultraconformable devices is required, typically achievable with a significant reduction in their total thickness. Organic materials can be considered enablers, owing to the possibility of depositing films with thicknesses at the nanometric scale, even from solution. However, available processes do not allow obtaining devices with thicknesses below hundreds of nanometres, thus setting a limit. Here, we show an all-organic field effect transistor that is less than 150 nm thick and that is fabricated through a fully solution-based approach. Such unprecedented thickness permits the device to conformally adhere onto nonplanar surfaces, such as human skin, and to be bent to a radius lower than 1 μm, thereby overcoming another limitation for field-effect transistors and representing a fundamental advancement in the field of ultrathin and tattoo electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Antonio Viola
- Center for Nano Science and Technology @PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Pascoli 70/3, 20133, Milano, Italy.
| | - Jonathan Barsotti
- Center for Nano Science and Technology @PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Pascoli 70/3, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Filippo Melloni
- Center for Nano Science and Technology @PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Pascoli 70/3, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Guglielmo Lanzani
- Center for Nano Science and Technology @PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Pascoli 70/3, 20133, Milano, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Yun-Hi Kim
- Department of Chemistry & ERI, Gyeongsang National University, Jin-ju, 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Virgilio Mattoli
- Center for Materials Interfaces, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 50125, Pontedera, PI, Italy.
| | - Mario Caironi
- Center for Nano Science and Technology @PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Pascoli 70/3, 20133, Milano, Italy.
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19
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Zhang L, Tian X, Sun Y, Yao J, Yang S, Liu Z, Ge Z, Zhang H, Sun Y, Shao X, Li R, Hu W. Bandgap Engineering of an Aryl-Fused Tetrathianaphthalene for Visible-Blind Organic Field-Effect Transistors. Front Chem 2021; 9:698246. [PMID: 34124011 PMCID: PMC8193678 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.698246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Stability problem of organic semiconductors (OSCs) because of photoabsorption has become a major barrier to large scale applications in organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). It is imperative to design OSCs which are insensitive to visible and near-infrared (VNIR) light to obtain both environmental and operational stability. Herein, taking a 2,3,8,9-tetramethoxy [1,4]benzodithiino[2,3-b][1,4]benzodithiine (TTN2) as an example, we show that controlling molecular configuration is an effective strategy to tune the bandgaps of OSCs for visible-blind OFETs. TTN2 adopts an armchair-like configuration, which is different from the prevailing planar structure of common OSCs. Because of the large bandgap, TTN2 exhibits no photoabsorption in the VNIR region and OFETs based on TTN2 show high environmental stability. The devices worked well after being stored in ambient air, (i.e. in the presence of oxygen and water) and light for over two years. Moreover, the OFETs show no observable response to light irradiation from 405–1,020 nm, which is also favorable for high operational stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinzi Tian
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, China
| | - Yantao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jiarong Yao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuyuan Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, China
| | - Zheyuan Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhen Ge
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, the Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongtao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, the Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiangfeng Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Rongjin Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenping Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, China.,Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Fuzhou, China
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20
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Yang Q, Yang H, Lv D, Yu R, Li E, He L, Chen Q, Chen H, Guo T. High-Performance Organic Synaptic Transistors with an Ultrathin Active Layer for Neuromorphic Computing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:8672-8681. [PMID: 33565852 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c22271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, much attention has been focused on two-dimensional (2D) material-based synaptic transistor devices because of their inherent advantages of low dimension, simultaneous read-write operation and high efficiency. However, process compatibility and repeatability of these materials are still a big challenge, as well as other issues such as complex transfer process and material selectivity. In this work, synaptic transistors with an ultrathin organic semiconductor layer (down to 7 nm) were obtained by the simple dip-coating process, which exhibited a high current switch ratio up to 106, well off state as low as nearly 10-12 A, and low operation voltage of -3 V. Moreover, various synaptic behaviors were successfully simulated including excitatory postsynaptic current, paired pulse facilitation, long-term potentiation, and long-term depression. More importantly, under ultrathin conditions, excellent memory preservation, and linearity of weight update were obtained because of the enhanced effect of defects and improved controllability of the gate voltage on the ultrathin active layer, which led to a pattern recognition rate up to 85%. This is the first work to demonstrate that the pattern recognition rate, a crucial parameter for neuromorphic computing can be significantly improved by reducing the thickness of the channel layer. Hence, these results not only reveal a simple and effective way to improve plasticity and memory retention of the artificial synapse via thickness modulation but also expand the material selection for the 2D artificial synaptic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yang
- Institute of Optoelectronic Display, National & Local United Engineering Lab of Flat Panel Display Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Zhicheng College, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou 350100, China
| | - Huihuang Yang
- Institute of Optoelectronic Display, National & Local United Engineering Lab of Flat Panel Display Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou 350100, China
| | - Dongxu Lv
- Institute of Optoelectronic Display, National & Local United Engineering Lab of Flat Panel Display Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Rengjian Yu
- Institute of Optoelectronic Display, National & Local United Engineering Lab of Flat Panel Display Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Enlong Li
- Institute of Optoelectronic Display, National & Local United Engineering Lab of Flat Panel Display Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Lihua He
- Institute of Optoelectronic Display, National & Local United Engineering Lab of Flat Panel Display Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Qizhen Chen
- Institute of Optoelectronic Display, National & Local United Engineering Lab of Flat Panel Display Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Huipeng Chen
- Institute of Optoelectronic Display, National & Local United Engineering Lab of Flat Panel Display Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou 350100, China
| | - Tailiang Guo
- Institute of Optoelectronic Display, National & Local United Engineering Lab of Flat Panel Display Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou 350100, China
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21
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Xian H, Li L, Wen P, Bai H, Wang W, Liu Y. Development of stretchable metallic glass electrodes. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:1800-1806. [PMID: 33433555 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr07307e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Stretchable electrodes are essential components for wearable electronics. However, the stretchability of the electrodes is often achieved with the sacrifice of electronic conductivity along with huge variation in resistance. In this work, stretchable metallic glass electrodes (MG-electrodes) that have both high electronic conductivity and excellent electronic stability are developed. The stretchability of the MG-electrode is significantly improved by shrinking MG films deposited on substrates with pre-strain. We demonstrate two types of MG-electrodes. One is a transparent MG-electrode for uniaxial stretching, and the other with better conductivity is for biaxial stretching. Compared with previous electrodes, the MG-electrodes exhibit a combination of high conductivity and negligible resistivity change (<5%), making them promising candidates for interconnections. Along with the excellent corrosion resistance of metallic glasses, the electrodes may be used in harsh environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijie Xian
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
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22
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Fortunato A, Sanzone A, Mattiello S, Beverina L, Mba M. The pH- and salt-controlled self-assembly of [1]benzothieno[3,2- b][1]-benzothiophene–peptide conjugates in supramolecular hydrogels. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj02294f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Salt- and pH-triggered supramolecular hydrogels were obtained from a novel [1]benzothieno[3,2-b][1]benzothiophene (BTBT)-peptide hybrid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Fortunato
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- University of Padova
- Padova, PD
- Italy
| | - Alessandro Sanzone
- Department of Materials Science
- University of Milano-Bicocca and INSTM
- Milano I-20125
- Italy
| | - Sara Mattiello
- Department of Materials Science
- University of Milano-Bicocca and INSTM
- Milano I-20125
- Italy
| | - Luca Beverina
- Department of Materials Science
- University of Milano-Bicocca and INSTM
- Milano I-20125
- Italy
| | - Miriam Mba
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- University of Padova
- Padova, PD
- Italy
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23
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Wang P, Hu M, Wang H, Chen Z, Feng Y, Wang J, Ling W, Huang Y. The Evolution of Flexible Electronics: From Nature, Beyond Nature, and To Nature. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:2001116. [PMID: 33101851 PMCID: PMC7578875 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202001116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The flourishing development of multifunctional flexible electronics cannot leave the beneficial role of nature, which provides continuous inspiration in their material, structural, and functional designs. During the evolution of flexible electronics, some originated from nature, some were even beyond nature, and others were implantable or biodegradable eventually to nature. Therefore, the relationship between flexible electronics and nature is undoubtedly vital since harmony between nature and technology evolution would promote the sustainable development. Herein, materials selection and functionality design for flexible electronics that are mostly inspired from nature are first introduced with certain functionality even beyond nature. Then, frontier advances on flexible electronics including the main individual components (i.e., energy (the power source) and the sensor (the electric load)) are presented from nature, beyond nature, and to nature with the aim of enlightening the harmonious relationship between the modern electronics technology and nature. Finally, critical issues in next-generation flexible electronics are discussed to provide possible solutions and new insights in prospective exploration directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and JoiningShenzhen518055China
- Flexible Printed Electronic Technology CenterShenzhen518055China
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringShenzhen518055China
| | - Mengmeng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and JoiningShenzhen518055China
- Flexible Printed Electronic Technology CenterShenzhen518055China
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringShenzhen518055China
| | - Hua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and JoiningShenzhen518055China
- Flexible Printed Electronic Technology CenterShenzhen518055China
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringShenzhen518055China
| | - Zhe Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and JoiningShenzhen518055China
- Flexible Printed Electronic Technology CenterShenzhen518055China
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringShenzhen518055China
| | - Yuping Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and JoiningShenzhen518055China
- Flexible Printed Electronic Technology CenterShenzhen518055China
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringShenzhen518055China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and JoiningShenzhen518055China
- Flexible Printed Electronic Technology CenterShenzhen518055China
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringShenzhen518055China
| | - Wei Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and JoiningShenzhen518055China
- Flexible Printed Electronic Technology CenterShenzhen518055China
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringShenzhen518055China
| | - Yan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and JoiningShenzhen518055China
- Flexible Printed Electronic Technology CenterShenzhen518055China
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringShenzhen518055China
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24
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Chen H, Shi M, Liu M, Xing X, Zhao C, Miao J, Ali MU, Facchetti A, Meng H. Host-Free Deep-Blue Organic Light-Emitting Transistors Based on a Novel Fluorescent Emitter. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:40558-40565. [PMID: 32815711 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c08721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Organic light-emitting transistors (OLETs), with the capability of simultaneously functioning as a light-emitting stack and a thin-film transistor, have received considerable attention for potential applications in active-matrix flat-panel displays. Here, we demonstrate host-free deep-blue OLETs based on a novel small-molecule fluorescent emitter, 10,10'-bis(4-(1-phenyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)phenyl)-10H,10'H-9,9'-spirobi[acridine] (SPA-PBI), and a high-k dielectric, cross-linked poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) polymer. The deep-blue OLETs based on 2,2',2″-(1,3,5-benzinetriyl)-tris(1-phenyl-1-H-benzimidazole) (TPBi) as an electron-transport layer showed an extraordinarily high hole mobility of 4.6 cm2 V-1 s-1, a brightness of 570 cd m-2 under a low gate and source-drain voltages of -24 V, and an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 0.87% at 100 cd m-2. Besides, an electroluminescence peak was observed to be at 432 nm and the corresponding CIE coordinates were as deep as (0.16, 0.08). By replacing TPBi with TmPyPB as the electron-transport layer (ETL), the electron transport and hole blocking capability were greatly improved, which led to ∼60% enhancement of the EQE (1.39% at 100 cd m-2). These results suggest that using a highly twisted double-donor-acceptor emitter with rationally optimized charge injection could lead to highly efficient deep-blue OLETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongming Chen
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Ming Shi
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Ming Liu
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Xing Xing
- Research & Development Institute of Northwest Polytechnical University (Shenzhen), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Shenzhen 518057, P. R. China
| | - Changbin Zhao
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Jingsheng Miao
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Muhammad Umair Ali
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Antonio Facchetti
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Flexterra Corporation, 8025 Lamon Avenue, Skokie, Illinois 60077, United States
| | - Hong Meng
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
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25
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Shi Y, Zheng Y, Wang J, Zhao R, Wang T, Zhao C, Chang KC, Meng H, Wang X. Hysteresis-Free, High-Performance Polymer-Dielectric Organic Field-Effect Transistors Enabled by Supercritical Fluid. RESEARCH 2020; 2020:6587102. [PMID: 33015635 PMCID: PMC7510345 DOI: 10.34133/2020/6587102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) are of the core units in organic electronic circuits, and the performance of OFETs replies critically on the properties of their dielectric layers. Owing to the intrinsic flexibility and natural compatibility with other organic components, organic polymers, such as poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), have emerged as highly interesting dielectric materials for OFETs. However, unsatisfactory issues, such as hysteresis, high subthreshold swing, and low effective carrier mobility, still considerably limit the practical applications of the polymer-dielectric OFETs for high-speed, low-voltage flexible organic circuits. This work develops a new approach of using supercritical CO2 fluid (SCCO2) treatment on PVA dielectrics to achieve remarkably high-performance polymer-dielectric OFETs. The SCCO2 treatment is able to completely eliminate the hysteresis in the transfer characteristics of OFETs, and it can also significantly reduce the device subthreshold slope to 0.25 V/dec and enhance the saturation regime carrier mobility to 30.2 cm2 V−1 s−1, of which both the numbers are remarkable for flexible polymer-dielectric OFETs. It is further demonstrated that, coupling with an organic light-emitting diode (OLED), the SCCO2-treated OFET is able to function very well under fast switching speed, which indicates that an excellent switching behavior of polymer-dielectric OFETs can be enabled by this SCCO2 approach. Considering the broad and essential applications of OFETs, we envision that this SCCO2 technology will have a very broad spectrum of applications for organic electronics, especially for high refresh rate and low-voltage flexible display devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Shi
- School of Advanced Materials, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yingkai Zheng
- School of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jialiang Wang
- School of Advanced Materials, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ran Zhao
- School of Advanced Materials, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Tao Wang
- School of Advanced Materials, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Changbin Zhao
- School of Advanced Materials, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Kuan-Chang Chang
- School of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Hong Meng
- School of Advanced Materials, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xinwei Wang
- School of Advanced Materials, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China
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26
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Zhang X, Deng W, Lu B, Fang X, Zhang X, Jie J. Fast deposition of an ultrathin, highly crystalline organic semiconductor film for high-performance transistors. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2020; 5:1096-1105. [PMID: 32424385 DOI: 10.1039/d0nh00096e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ultrathin organic semiconductor (OSC) crystalline films hold the promise of achieving high-performance, flexible, and transparent organic electronic devices. However, fast and high-throughput solution deposition of uniform pinhole-free ultrathin OSC crystalline films over a large area remains a challenge. Here, we demonstrate that a mixed solvent system can obviously alter the fluid flow dynamics and significantly improve the blade-coating quality of the film, enabling us to achieve a large-area continuous and smooth bis(triethylsilylethynyl)anthradithiophene (Dif-TES-ADT) ultrathin film at a fast coating speed of ∼1 mm s-1, much superior to the 30-50 μm s-1 for conventional methods. Also, the ultrathin, highly crystalline Dif-TES-ADT film-based organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) exhibit a maximum mobility up to 5.54 cm2 V-1 s-1, which is on par with the Dif-TES-ADT single crystal-based devices and among the highest for Dif-TES-ADT film-based devices. This finding should open a new route to achieve ultrathin OSC crystalline film-based high-performance flexible and transparent electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiali Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China.
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27
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Xie P, Liu T, Sun J, Jiang J, Yuan Y, Gao Y, Zhou J, Yang J. Solution-processed ultra-flexible C8-BTBT organic thin-film transistors with the corrected mobility over 18 cm 2/(V s). Sci Bull (Beijing) 2020; 65:791-795. [PMID: 36659196 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2020.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pengshan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Tianjiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Jia Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Jie Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Yongbo Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Yongli Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, New York, NY 14627, USA
| | - Jianfei Zhou
- Lucky Huaguang Graphics Co., Ltd, Nanyang 473003, China
| | - Junliang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.
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28
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Lim HR, Kim HS, Qazi R, Kwon YT, Jeong JW, Yeo WH. Advanced Soft Materials, Sensor Integrations, and Applications of Wearable Flexible Hybrid Electronics in Healthcare, Energy, and Environment. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1901924. [PMID: 31282063 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201901924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in soft materials and system integration technologies have provided a unique opportunity to design various types of wearable flexible hybrid electronics (WFHE) for advanced human healthcare and human-machine interfaces. The hybrid integration of soft and biocompatible materials with miniaturized wireless wearable systems is undoubtedly an attractive prospect in the sense that the successful device performance requires high degrees of mechanical flexibility, sensing capability, and user-friendly simplicity. Here, the most up-to-date materials, sensors, and system-packaging technologies to develop advanced WFHE are provided. Details of mechanical, electrical, physicochemical, and biocompatible properties are discussed with integrated sensor applications in healthcare, energy, and environment. In addition, limitations of the current materials are discussed, as well as key challenges and the future direction of WFHE. Collectively, an all-inclusive review of the newly developed WFHE along with a summary of imperative requirements of material properties, sensor capabilities, electronics performance, and skin integrations is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo-Ryoung Lim
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Hee Seok Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36608, USA
| | - Raza Qazi
- Department of Electrical, Computer & Energy Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Young-Tae Kwon
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Jae-Woong Jeong
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Woon-Hong Yeo
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Center for Flexible and Wearable Electronics Advanced Research, Neural Engineering Center, Institute for Materials, Institute for Robotics and Intelligent Machines, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
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29
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Hwang Y, Yoo S, Lim N, Kang SM, Yoo H, Kim J, Hyun Y, Jung GY, Ko HC. Enhancement of Interfacial Adhesion Using Micro/Nanoscale Hierarchical Cilia for Randomly Accessible Membrane-Type Electronic Devices. ACS NANO 2020; 14:118-128. [PMID: 31476128 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b02141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The recent technology of transfer printing using various membrane-type flexible/stretchable electronic devices can provide electronic functions to desirable objects where direct device fabrication is difficult. However, if the target surfaces are rough and complex, the capability of accommodating surface mismatches for reliable interfacial adhesion remains a challenge. Here, we demonstrate that newly designed nanotubular cilia (NTCs), vertically aligned underneath a polyimide substrate, significantly enhance interfacial adhesion. The tubular structure easily undergoes flattening and wrapping motions to provide a large conformal contact area, and the synergetic effect of the assembled cilia strengthens the overall adhesion. Furthermore, the hierarchical structure consisting of radially spread film-type cilia combined with vertically aligned NTCs in specific regions enables successful transfer printing onto very challenging surfaces such as stone, bark, and textiles. Finally, we successfully transferred a temperature sensor onto an eggshell and indium gallium zinc oxide-based transistors onto a stone with no electrical failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngkyu Hwang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) , 261 Cheomdan-gwagiro (Oryong-Dong) , Buk-Gu, Gwangju 61005 , Republic of Korea
| | - Seonggwang Yoo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) , 261 Cheomdan-gwagiro (Oryong-Dong) , Buk-Gu, Gwangju 61005 , Republic of Korea
| | - Namsoo Lim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) , 261 Cheomdan-gwagiro (Oryong-Dong) , Buk-Gu, Gwangju 61005 , Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Myeong Kang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) , 261 Cheomdan-gwagiro (Oryong-Dong) , Buk-Gu, Gwangju 61005 , Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeryun Yoo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) , 261 Cheomdan-gwagiro (Oryong-Dong) , Buk-Gu, Gwangju 61005 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jongwoo Kim
- Center for Convergent Research of Emerging Virus Infection , Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT) , 141 Gajeong-ro , Yuseong-gu , Daejeon 34114 , Republic of Korea
| | - Yujun Hyun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) , 261 Cheomdan-gwagiro (Oryong-Dong) , Buk-Gu, Gwangju 61005 , Republic of Korea
| | - Gun Young Jung
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) , 261 Cheomdan-gwagiro (Oryong-Dong) , Buk-Gu, Gwangju 61005 , Republic of Korea
| | - Heung Cho Ko
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) , 261 Cheomdan-gwagiro (Oryong-Dong) , Buk-Gu, Gwangju 61005 , Republic of Korea
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30
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Song Y, Ha Y. Organic Thin‐Film Transistors Fabricated by Solution‐Processed and Low‐Temperature Condensed Hybrid Gate Dielectrics. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.11928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Youngmin Song
- Department of ChemistryKyonggi University Suwon 16227 Republic of Korea
| | - Young‐Geun Ha
- Department of ChemistryKyonggi University Suwon 16227 Republic of Korea
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31
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Wang Z, Hao Z, Yu S, De Moraes CG, Suh LH, Zhao X, Lin Q. An Ultraflexible and Stretchable Aptameric Graphene Nanosensor for Biomarker Detection and Monitoring. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2019; 29:1905202. [PMID: 33551711 PMCID: PMC7861488 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201905202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
An ultraflexible and stretchable field-effect transistor nanosensor is presented that uses aptamer-functionalized monolayer graphene as the conducting channel. Specific binding of the aptamer with the target biomarker induces a change in the carrier concentration of the graphene, which is measured to determine the biomarker concentration. Based on a Mylar substrate that is only 2.5-μm thick, the nanosensor is capable of conforming to underlying surfaces (e.g., those of human tissue or skin) that undergo large bending, twisting, and stretching deformations. In experimental testing, the device is rolled on cylindrical surfaces with radii down to 40 μm, twisted by angles ranging from -180° to 180°, or stretched by extensions up to 125%. With these large deformations applied either cyclically or non-recurrently, the device is shown to incur no visible mechanical damage, maintain consistent electrical properties, and allow detection of TNF-α, an inflammatory cytokine biomarker, with consistently high selectivity and low limit of detection (down to 5 × 10-12M). The nanosensor can thus potentially enable consistent and reliable detection of liquid-borne biomarkers on human skin or tissue surfaces that undergo large mechanical deformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziran Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Zhuang Hao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Shifeng Yu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | | | - Leejee H Suh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Xuezeng Zhao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Qiao Lin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
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Chen H, Xing X, Zhu M, Cao J, Ali MU, Li A, He Y, Meng H. Low-Voltage, High-Performance Flexible Organic Field-Effect Transistors Based on Ultrathin Single-Crystal Microribbons. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:34188-34195. [PMID: 31456391 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b13871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) have acquired increasing attention because of their wide range of potential applications in electronics; nevertheless, high operating voltage and low carrier mobility are considered as major bottlenecks in their commercialization. In this work, we demonstrate low-voltage, flexible OFETs based on ultrathin single-crystal microribbons. Flexible OFETs fabricated with 2,7-dioctylbenzothieno[3,2-b]benzothiophene (C8-BTBT) based solution-processed ultrathin single-crystal microribbon as the semiconductor layer and high-k polymer, polysiloxane-poly(vinyl alcohol) composite as an insulator layer manifest a significantly low operating voltage of -4 V, and several devices showed a high mobility of >30 cm2 V-1 s-1. Besides, the carrier mobility of the fabricated devices exhibits a slight degradation in static bending condition, which can be retained by 83.3% compared with its original value under a bending radius of 9 mm. As compared to the bulk C8-BTBT single-crystal-based OFET, which showed a large crack only after 50 dynamic bending cycles, our ultrathin single-crystal-based counterpart demonstrates a much better dynamic force stability. Moreover, under a 20 mm bending radius, the mobility of the device decreased by only 11.7% even after 500 bending cycles and no further decrease was observed until 1000 bending cycles. Our findings reveal that ultrathin C8-BTBT single-crystal-based flexible OFETs are promising candidates for various high-performance flexible electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongming Chen
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School , Peking University , Shenzhen 518055 , P. R. China
| | - Xing Xing
- Research & Development Institute of Northwest Polytechnical University (Shenzhen) , Northwestern Polytechnical University , Shenzhen 518057 , P. R. China
| | - Miao Zhu
- College of Physics Science and Technology , Lingnan Normal University , Zhanjiang 524048 , P. R. China
| | - Jupeng Cao
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School , Peking University , Shenzhen 518055 , P. R. China
| | - Muhammad Umair Ali
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , P. R. China
| | - Aiyuan Li
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School , Peking University , Shenzhen 518055 , P. R. China
| | - Yaowu He
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School , Peking University , Shenzhen 518055 , P. R. China
| | - Hong Meng
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School , Peking University , Shenzhen 518055 , P. R. China
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Almansoori MT, Li X, Zheng L. A Brief Review on E-skin and its Multifunctional Sensing Applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/2405465804666190313154903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Electronic skin (e-skin) is an artificial skin that mimics the sensing capabilities of human
skin, which brings many potential applications in robotics, artificial intelligence, prosthetics, and
health monitoring technologies. Many attempts associated with various mechanisms/approaches and
materials/structures have been developed to match the e-skins to the particular functions of specific
applications. Along the time, high sensitivity, mechanical flexibility/stretchability, multifunction, and
large area are common driving forces in the research area. New materials, with a variety of structures
and unique properties, offer a plenty of freedoms in designing and fabricating e-skins. Significant
progress has been made in recently years. This paper firstly reviews the most recent progress on nanomaterial-
based e-skins according to four major sensing mechanisms, with an emphasis on the effects
of various materials on the sensitivity and stretchability of e-skins. Then the paper updates the
progress and effort with respect to multifunctional e-skins and organic-thin-film-transistor based
large-area e-skins. Further development possibilities are also briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Turki Almansoori
- Mechanical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Xuan Li
- Mechanical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Lianxi Zheng
- Mechanical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, 127788, United Arab Emirates
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