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Kamprom W, Tangporncharoen R, Vongthaiwan N, Tragoonlugkana P, Phetfong J, Pruksapong C, Supokawej A. Enhanced potent immunosuppression of intracellular adipose tissue-derived stem cell extract by priming with three-dimensional spheroid formation. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9084. [PMID: 38643332 PMCID: PMC11032398 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59910-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunomodulatory properties of mesenchymal stem cells are widely studied, supporting the use of MSCs as cell-based therapy in immunological diseases. This study aims to generate cell-free MSC extract and improves their immunomodulatory potential. Intracellular extracts were prepared from adipose-derived stem cells (ADSC) spheroid via a freeze-thawing method. The immunomodulatory capacities of ADSC spheroid extracts were investigated in vitro, including lymphocyte proliferation, T regulatory cell expansion, and macrophage assays. A comparative study was conducted with ADSC monolayer extract. The key immunomodulatory mediators presented in ADSC extract were identified. The results revealed that ADSC spheroid extract could suppress lymphocyte activation while enhancing T regulatory cell expansion. Immunomodulatory molecules such as COX-2, TSG-6, and TGF-β1 were upregulated in ADSC priming via spheroid culture. Selective inhibition of COX-2 abrogates the effect of ADSC extract on inducing T regulatory cell expansion. Thus, ADSC spheroid extract gains high efficacy in regulating the immune responses which are associated in part by COX-2 generation. Furthermore, ADSC spheroid extract possessed a potent anti-inflammation by manipulation of TNF-α production from LPS-activated macrophage. Our current study has highlighted the opportunity of using cell-free extracts from adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells spheroid as novel immunomodulators for the treatment of immunological-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Witchayapon Kamprom
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Rattanawan Tangporncharoen
- Department of Clinical Microscopy, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, 999 Phutthamonthon Sai 4, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Nuttapoom Vongthaiwan
- Department of Clinical Microscopy, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, 999 Phutthamonthon Sai 4, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Patcharapa Tragoonlugkana
- Department of Clinical Microscopy, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, 999 Phutthamonthon Sai 4, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Jitrada Phetfong
- Department of Clinical Microscopy, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, 999 Phutthamonthon Sai 4, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Chatchai Pruksapong
- Department of Surgery, Phramongkutklao Hospital and College of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Aungkura Supokawej
- Department of Clinical Microscopy, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, 999 Phutthamonthon Sai 4, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand.
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2
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Rakhmatullina AR, Mingaleeva RN, Gafurbaeva DU, Glazunova ON, Sagdeeva AR, Bulatov ER, Rizvanov AA, Miftakhova RR. Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell (MSC) Immortalization by Modulation of hTERT and TP53 Expression Levels. J Pers Med 2023; 13:1621. [PMID: 38003936 PMCID: PMC10672200 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13111621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are pivotal players in tissue repair and hold great promise as cell therapeutic agents for regenerative medicine. Additionally, they play a significant role in the development of various human diseases. Studies on MSC biology have encountered a limiting property of these cells, which includes a low number of passages and a decrease in differentiation potential during in vitro culture. Although common methods of immortalization through gene manipulations of cells are well established, the resulting MSCs vary in differentiation potential compared to primary cells and eventually undergo senescence. This study aimed to immortalize primary adipose-derived MSCs by overexpressing human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) gene combined with a knockdown of TP53. The research demonstrated that immortalized MSCs maintained a stable level of differentiation into osteogenic and chondrogenic lineages during 30 passages, while also exhibiting an increase in cell proliferation rate and differentiation potential towards the adipogenic lineage. Long-term culture of immortalized cells did not alter cell morphology and self-renewal potential. Consequently, a genetically stable line of immortalized adipose-derived MSCs (iMSCs) was established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aigul R. Rakhmatullina
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Rimma N. Mingaleeva
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Dina U. Gafurbaeva
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Olesya N. Glazunova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Aisylu R. Sagdeeva
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Emil R. Bulatov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Albert A. Rizvanov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Regina R. Miftakhova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
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3
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Andreone L, dos Santos A, Wailemann R, Terra L, Gomes V, Macedo da Silva J, Rosa-Fernandes L, Sogayar M, Palmisano G, Labriola L, Perone M. Cotransplantation of marginal mass allogeneic islets with 3D culture-derived adult human skin cells improves glycemia in diabetic mice. Braz J Med Biol Res 2023; 56:e12611. [PMID: 37792778 PMCID: PMC10515501 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2023e12611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Islet transplantation represents a therapeutic option for type 1 diabetes (T1D). Long-term viability of transplanted islets requires improvement. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been proposed as adjuvants for islet transplantation facilitating grafting and functionality. Stem cell aggregation provides physiological interactions between cells and enhances the in situ concentration of modulators of inflammation and immunity. We established a hanging-drop culture of adult human skin fibroblast-like cells as spheroids, and skin spheroid-derived cells (SphCs) were characterized. We assessed the potential of SphCs in improving islet functionality by cotransplantation with a marginal mass of allogeneic islets in an experimental diabetic mouse model and characterized the secretome of SphCs by mass spectrometry-based proteomics. SphCs were characterized as multipotent progenitors and their coculture with anti-CD3 stimulated mouse splenocytes decreased CD4+ T cell proliferation with skewed cytokine secretion through an increase in the Th2/Th1 ratio profile. SphCs-conditioned media attenuated apoptosis of islets induced by cytokine challenge in vitro and importantly, intratesticular SphCs administration did not show tumorigenicity in immune-deficient mice. Moreover, SphCs improved glycemic control when cotransplanted with a marginal mass of allogeneic islets in a diabetic mouse model without pharmacological immunosuppression. SphCs' protein secretome differed from its paired skin fibroblast-like counterpart in containing 70% of up- and downregulated proteins and biological processes that overall positively influenced islets such as cytoprotection, cellular stress, metabolism, and survival. In summary, SphCs improved the performance of transplanted allogeneic islets in an experimental T1D model, without pharmacological immunosuppression. Future research is warranted to identify SphCs-secreted factors responsible for islets' endurance.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Andreone
- Immuno-Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional (IIMT), CONICET - Universidad Austral, Pilar, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Austral, Pilar, Argentina
| | - A.F. dos Santos
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - R.A.M. Wailemann
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - L.F. Terra
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - V.M. Gomes
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - J. Macedo da Silva
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Biosciências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - L. Rosa-Fernandes
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Biosciências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - M.C. Sogayar
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
- Centro de Terapia Celular e Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - G. Palmisano
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Biosciências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - L. Labriola
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - M.J. Perone
- Immuno-Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional (IIMT), CONICET - Universidad Austral, Pilar, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Austral, Pilar, Argentina
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4
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Koch DW, Schnabel LV. Mesenchymal stem cell licensing: enhancing MSC function as a translational approach for the treatment of tendon injury. Am J Vet Res 2023; 84:1-8. [PMID: 37669745 PMCID: PMC11027115 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.23.07.0154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Tendon injuries are common in both veterinary and human clinical patients and result in morbidity, pain, and lost athletic performance. Consequently, utilizing naturally occurring injuries in veterinary patients as a comparative model could inform the development of novel therapies and increase translation for the treatment of human tendon injuries. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have shown considerable efficacy for the treatment of experimental and clinical superficial digital flexor tendon injury in the horse; however, the reinjury rate following treatment can remain high and MSC efficacy in treating other tendons is less well known. Additionally, the translation of MSC therapy to human tendon injury has remained poor. Recent evidence indicates that naïve MSC function can be enhanced through exogenous stimulation or manipulation of their environment. This stimulation or activation, herein termed MSC licensing, markedly alters MSC functions associated with immunomodulation, extracellular matrix remodeling, vascular development, bioactive factor production, and endogenous stromal/progenitor cell support. Additionally, a variety of licensing strategies has proven to influence MSC-secreted factors that have positively influenced outcome parameters in both in vitro and in vivo disease models separate from musculoskeletal tissues. Therefore, identifying the optimal licensing strategy for MSCs could ultimately provide an avenue for reliable and repeatable treatment of a broad range of tendon injuries of both veterinary and human clinical patients. This article details current evidence on the effects of licensed MSCs in both in vitro and in vivo disease models of different species and provides commentary on how those effector functions identified may be translated to the treatment of tendon injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drew W. Koch
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Lauren V. Schnabel
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
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5
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Madrigal M, Fernández PL, Lleonart R, Carreño L, Villalobos Gorday KA, Rodríguez E, de Cupeiro K, Restrepo CM, Rao KSJ, Riordan NH. Comparison of Cost and Potency of Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Conditioned Medium Derived from 2- and 3-Dimensional Cultures. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:930. [PMID: 37627815 PMCID: PMC10451979 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10080930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)-derived products, such as trophic factors (MTFs), have anti-inflammatory properties that make them attractive for cell-free treatment. Three-dimensional (3D) culture can enhance these properties, and large-scale expansion using a bioreactor can reduce manufacturing costs. Three lots of MTFs were obtained from umbilical cord MSCs produced by either monolayer culture (Monol MTF) or using a 3D microcarrier in a spinner flask dynamic system (Bioreactor MTF). The resulting MTFs were tested and compared using anti-inflammatory potency assays in two different systems: (1) a phytohemagglutinin-activated peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMNC) system and (2) a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated macrophage system. Cytokine expression by macrophages was measured via RT-PCR. The production costs of hypothetical units of anti-inflammatory effects were calculated using the percentage of TNF-α inhibition by MTF exposure. Bioreactor MTFs had a higher inhibitory effect on TNF (p < 0.01) than monolayer MTFs (p < 0.05). The anti-inflammatory effect of Bioreactor MTFs on IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-8, IL-6, and MIP-1 was significantly higher than that of monolayer MTFs. The production cost of 1% inhibition of TNF-α was 11-40% higher using monolayer culture compared to bioreactor-derived MTFs. A 3D dynamic culture was, therefore, able to produce high-quality MTFs, with robust anti-inflammatory properties, more efficiently than monolayer static systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marialaura Madrigal
- MediStem Panama Inc., Panama City 7144, Panama
- Department of Biotechnology, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur 522510, India
- Centro de Biología Celular y Molecular de Enfermedades, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT-AIP), Panama City 7144, Panama
| | - Patricia L. Fernández
- Centro de Biología Celular y Molecular de Enfermedades, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT-AIP), Panama City 7144, Panama
| | - Ricardo Lleonart
- Centro de Biología Celular y Molecular de Enfermedades, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT-AIP), Panama City 7144, Panama
| | | | | | | | | | - Carlos M. Restrepo
- Centro de Biología Celular y Molecular de Enfermedades, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT-AIP), Panama City 7144, Panama
| | - K. S. Jagannatha Rao
- Department of Biotechnology, Konenru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation (KLEF) deemed to be University, Vaddeswaram 522302, India
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6
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Yen BL, Hsieh CC, Hsu PJ, Chang CC, Wang LT, Yen ML. Three-Dimensional Spheroid Culture of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Offering Therapeutic Advantages and In Vitro Glimpses of the In Vivo State. Stem Cells Transl Med 2023; 12:235-244. [PMID: 37184894 PMCID: PMC10184701 DOI: 10.1093/stcltm/szad011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
As invaluable as the standard 2-dimensional (2D) monolayer in vitro cell culture system has been, there is increasing evidence that 3-dimensional (3D) non-adherent conditions are more relevant to the in vivo condition. While one of the criteria for human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been in vitro plastic adherence, such 2D culture conditions are not representative of in vivo cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions, which may be especially important for this progenitor/stem cell of skeletal and connective tissues. The 3D spheroid, a multicellular aggregate formed under non-adherent 3D in vitro conditions, may be particularly suited as an in vitro method to better understand MSC physiological processes, since expression of ECM and other adhesion proteins are upregulated in such a cell culture system. First used in embryonic stem cell in vitro culture to recapitulate in vivo developmental processes, 3D spheroid culture has grown in popularity as an in vitro method to mimic the 3-dimensionality of the native niche for MSCs within tissues/organs. In this review, we discuss the relevance of the 3D spheroid culture for understanding MSC biology, summarize the biological outcomes reported in the literature based on such this culture condition, as well as contemplate limitations and future considerations in this rapidly evolving and exciting area.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Linju Yen
- Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Chan Hsieh
- Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), Zhunan, Taiwan
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ju Hsu
- Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chi Chang
- Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), Zhunan, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center (NDMC), Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Tzu Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University (NTU) Hospital & College of Medicine, NTU, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Men-Luh Yen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University (NTU) Hospital & College of Medicine, NTU, Taipei, Taiwan
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7
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Giacomini C, Granéli C, Hicks R, Dazzi F. The critical role of apoptosis in mesenchymal stromal cell therapeutics and implications in homeostasis and normal tissue repair. Cell Mol Immunol 2023; 20:570-582. [PMID: 37185486 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-023-01018-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been extensively tested for the treatment of numerous clinical conditions and have demonstrated good safety but mixed efficacy. Although this outcome can be attributed in part to the heterogeneity of cell preparations, the lack of mechanistic understanding and tools to establish cell pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, as well as the poorly defined criteria for patient stratification, have hampered the design of informative clinical trials. We and others have demonstrated that MSCs can rapidly undergo apoptosis after their infusion. Apoptotic MSCs are phagocytosed by monocytes/macrophages that are then reprogrammed to become anti-inflammatory cells. MSC apoptosis occurs when the cells are injected into patients who harbor activated cytotoxic T or NK cells. Therefore, the activation state of cytotoxic T or NK cells can be used as a biomarker to predict clinical responses to MSC treatment. Building on a large body of preexisting data, an alternative view on the mechanism of MSCs is that an inflammation-dependent MSC secretome is largely responsible for their immunomodulatory activity. We will discuss how these different mechanisms can coexist and are instructed by two different types of MSC "licensing": one that is cell-contact dependent and the second that is mediated by inflammatory cytokines. The varied and complex mechanisms by which MSCs can orchestrate inflammatory responses and how this function is specifically driven by inflammation support a physiological role for tissue stroma in tissue homeostasis, and it acts as a sensor of damage and initiator of tissue repair by reprogramming the inflammatory environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Giacomini
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Cecilia Granéli
- BioPharmaceuticals R&D Cell Therapy Department, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal, and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ryan Hicks
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- BioPharmaceuticals R&D Cell Therapy Department, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal, and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Francesco Dazzi
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
- BioPharmaceuticals R&D Cell Therapy Department, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal, and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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8
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Su Y, Ai S, Shen Y, Cheng W, Xu C, Sui L, Zhao Y. Regulatory Effects of Three-Dimensional Cultured Lipopolysaccharide-Pretreated Periodontal Ligament Stem Cell-Derived Secretome on Macrophages. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24086981. [PMID: 37108145 PMCID: PMC10139044 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24086981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenotypic transformation of macrophages plays important immune response roles in the occurrence, development and regression of periodontitis. Under inflammation or other environmental stimulation, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exert immunomodulatory effects through their secretome. It has been found that secretome derived from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-pretreated or three-dimensional (3D)-cultured MSCs significantly reduced inflammatory responses in inflammatory diseases, including periodontitis, by inducing M2 macrophage polarization. In this study, periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) pretreated with LPS were 3D cultured in hydrogel (termed SupraGel) for a certain period of time and the secretome was collected to explore its regulatory effects on macrophages. Expression changes of immune cytokines in the secretome were also examined to speculate on the regulatory mechanisms in macrophages. The results indicated that PDLSCs showed good viability in SupraGel and could be separated from the gel by adding PBS and centrifuging. The secretome derived from LPS-pretreated and/or 3D-cultured PDLSCs all inhibited the polarization of M1 macrophages, while the secretome derived from LPS-pretreated PDLSCs (regardless of 3D culture) had the ability to promote the polarization of M1 to M2 macrophages and the migration of macrophages. Cytokines involved in the production, migration and polarization of macrophages, as well as multiple growth factors, increased in the PDLSC-derived secretome after LPS pretreatment and/or 3D culture, which suggested that the secretome had the potential to regulate macrophages and promote tissue regeneration, and that it could be used in the treatment of inflammation-related diseases such as periodontitis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuran Su
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Sifan Ai
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, and National Institute of Functional Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Youqing Shen
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Wen Cheng
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Chenyu Xu
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Lei Sui
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yanhong Zhao
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
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9
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Jun I, Cho H, Amos SE, Choi Y, Choi YS, Ryu CS, Lee SA, Han DW, Han HS, Yang JH, Jeong HW, Park H, Kim YJ. Thyroid-Friendly Soft Materials as 3D Cell Culture Tool for Stimulating Thyroid Cell Function. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2300236. [PMID: 36932895 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202300236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The disruption of thyroid hormones because of chemical exposure is a significant societal problem. Chemical evaluations of environmental and human health risks are conventionally based on animal experiments. However, owing to recent breakthroughs in biotechnology, the potential toxicity of chemicals can now be evaluated using 3D cell cultures. In this study, the interactive effects of thyroid-friendly soft (TS) microspheres on thyroid cell aggregates are elucidated and their potential as a reliable toxicity assessment tool is evaluated. Using state-of-the-art characterization methods coupled with cell-based analysis and quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry, it is shown that TS-microsphere-integrated thyroid cell aggregates exhibit improved thyroid function. Specifically, the responses of zebrafish embryos, which are used for thyroid toxicity analysis, and the TS-microsphere-integrated cell aggregates to methimazole (MMI), a known thyroid inhibitor, are compared. The results show that the thyroid hormone disruption response of the TS-microsphere-integrated thyroid cell aggregates to MMI is more sensitive compared with those of the zebrafish embryos and conventionally formed cell aggregates. This proof-of-concept approach can be used to control cellular function in the desired direction and hence evaluate thyroid function. Thus, the proposed TS-microsphere-integrated cell aggregates may yield new fundamental insights for advancing in vitro cell-based research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indong Jun
- Environmental Safety Group, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Europe (KIST-EUROPE), 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Hyunki Cho
- Environmental Safety Group, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Europe (KIST-EUROPE), 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Sebastian E Amos
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Youngjun Choi
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
- Department of Advanced Biomaterials Research, Ceramics Materials Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS), Changwon, 51508, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Suk Choi
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Chang Seon Ryu
- Environmental Safety Group, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Europe (KIST-EUROPE), 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Sang-Ah Lee
- Environmental Safety Group, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Europe (KIST-EUROPE), 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
- Office of Islands and Coastal Biology Research, Honam National Institute of Biological Resources (HNIBR), Mokpo, 58792, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Wook Han
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Seop Han
- Center for Biomaterials, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hun Yang
- Next & Bio Inc., Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Woo Jeong
- Single Cell Multiomics Laboratory, Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Honghyun Park
- Department of Advanced Biomaterials Research, Ceramics Materials Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS), Changwon, 51508, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jun Kim
- Environmental Safety Group, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Europe (KIST-EUROPE), 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
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10
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Li H, Dai H, Li J. Immunomodulatory properties of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells: The link with metabolism. J Adv Res 2023; 45:15-29. [PMID: 35659923 PMCID: PMC10006530 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2022.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) are the most promising stem cells for the treatment of multiple inflammatory and immune diseases due to their easy acquisition and potent immuno-regulatory capacities. These immune functions mainly depend on the MSC secretion of soluble factors. Recent studies have shown that the metabolism of MSCs plays critical roles in immunomodulation, which not only provides energy and building blocks for macromolecule synthesis but is also involved in the signaling pathway regulation. AIM OF REVIEW A thorough understanding of metabolic regulation in MSC immunomodulatory properties can provide new sights to the enhancement of MSC-based therapy. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW MSC immune regulation can be affected by cellular metabolism (glucose, adenosine triphosphate, lipid and amino acid metabolism), which further mediates MSC therapy efficiency in inflammatory and immune diseases. The enhancement of glycolysis of MSCs, such as signaling molecule activation, inflammatory cytokines priming, or environmental control can promote MSC immune functions and therapeutic potential. Besides glucose metabolism, inflammatory stimuli also alter the lipid molecular profile of MSCs, but the direct link with immunomodulatory properties remains to be further explored. Arginine metabolism, glutamine-glutamate metabolism and tryptophan-kynurenine via indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) metabolism all contribute to the immune regulation of MSCs. In addition to the metabolism dictating the MSC immune functions, MSCs also influence the metabolism of immune cells and thus determine their behaviors. However, more direct evidence of the metabolism in MSC immune abilities as well as the underlying mechanism requires to be uncovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyue Li
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 401147, China; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 401147, China
| | - Hongwei Dai
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 401147, China; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 401147, China
| | - Jie Li
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 401147, China; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 401147, China.
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11
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Pham DV, Shrestha P, Nguyen TK, Park J, Pandit M, Chang JH, Kim SY, Choi DY, Han SS, Choi I, Park GH, Jeong JH, Park PH. Modulation of NLRP3 inflammasomes activation contributes to improved survival and function of mesenchymal stromal cell spheroids. Mol Ther 2023; 31:890-908. [PMID: 36566348 PMCID: PMC10014231 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2022.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are ubiquitous multipotent cells that exhibit significant therapeutic potentials in a variety of disorders. Nevertheless, their clinical efficacy is limited owing to poor survival, low rate of engraftment, and impaired potency upon transplantation. Spheroidal three-dimensional (3D) culture of MSCs (MSC3D) has been proven to better preserve their in vivo functional properties. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the improvement in MSC function by spheroid formation are not clearly understood. NLRP3 inflammasomes, a key component of the innate immune system, have recently been shown to play a role in cell fate decision of MSCs. The present study examined the role of NLRP3 inflammasomes in the survival and potency of MSC spheroids. We found that MSC3D led to decreased activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes through alleviation of ER stress in an autophagy-dependent manner. Importantly, downregulation of NLRP3 inflammasomes signaling critically contributes to the enhanced survival rate in MSC3D through modulation of pyroptosis and apoptosis. The critical role of NLRP3 inflammasome suppression in the enhanced therapeutic efficacy of MSC spheroids was further confirmed in an in vivo mouse model of DSS-induced colitis. These findings suggest that 3D culture confers survival and functional advantages to MSCs by suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duc-Vinh Pham
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmacology, Hanoi University of Pharmacy, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Prakash Shrestha
- Department of Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Thi-Kem Nguyen
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Junhyeung Park
- Department of Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Mahesh Pandit
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hoon Chang
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Young Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Young Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Soo Han
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea; School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Inho Choi
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea; Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyu Hwan Park
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee-Heon Jeong
- Department of Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - Pil-Hoon Park
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Pretreated Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Their Secretome: Enhanced Immunotherapeutic Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021277. [PMID: 36674790 PMCID: PMC9864323 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with self-renewing, multilineage differentiation and immunomodulatory properties, have been extensively studied in the field of regenerative medicine and proved to have significant therapeutic potential in many different pathological conditions. The role of MSCs mainly depends on their paracrine components, namely secretome. However, the components of MSC-derived secretome are not constant and are affected by the stimulation MSCs are exposed to. Therefore, the content and composition of secretome can be regulated by the pretreatment of MSCs. We summarize the effects of different pretreatments on MSCs and their secretome, focusing on their immunomodulatory properties, in order to provide new insights for the therapeutic application of MSCs and their secretome in inflammatory immune diseases.
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13
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Bogers SH, Barrett JG. Three-Dimensional Culture of Equine Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Enhances Anti-Inflammatory Properties in a Donor-Dependent Manner. Stem Cells Dev 2022; 31:777-786. [PMID: 35880425 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2022.0074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) culture of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as spheroids enhances the production of important regulators of inflammation: prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), interleukin (IL)-6, and tumor necrosis factor-inducible gene 6 (TSG-6). The horse is a model species and suffers from musculoskeletal, ocular, and systemic inflammatory disease. It is unknown if 3D culture promotes enhanced production of immunomodulatory cytokines and regulators in equine MSCs and if there is variation between individual cell donors. We evaluated the feasibility, cell viability, and stem cell marker stability of 3D-cultured equine bone marrow-derived MSCs (eBMSCs) and determined the effect of inflammatory stimulation upon gene expression and secretion of key regulators of inflammation [PGE2, TSG-6, IL-10, IL-6, stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1)]. Variations in anti-inflammatory phenotype between six donors were investigated, with and without IL-1β stimulation, in either monolayer [two-dimensional (2D)] or 3D culture. Our results showed that eBMSCs self-aggregate in 3D culture while maintaining cell viability and markers of stemness CD90, CD44, CD104, and Oct4. In addition, 3D culture enhances the anti-inflammatory phenotype regardless of inflammatory stimulation by increasing PGE2, IL-6, TSG-6, SDF-1, and IL-10. Finally, anti-inflammatory phenotype was enhanced by IL-1β exposure but showed significant variation between cell lines in the degree of gene upregulation, and what genes were expressed. We conclude that 3D culture of eBMSCs as spheroids alters their anti-inflammatory phenotype, but this effect is influenced by cytokine exposure and cell donor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie H Bogers
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Jennifer G Barrett
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Marion duPont Scott Equine Medical Center, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Leesburg, Virginia, USA
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14
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Silva-Carvalho AÉ, da Silva IGM, Corrêa JR, Saldanha-Araujo F. Regulatory T-Cell Enhancement, Expression of Adhesion Molecules, and Production of Anti-Inflammatory Factors Are Differentially Modulated by Spheroid-Cultured Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214349. [PMID: 36430835 PMCID: PMC9695986 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The culture of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as spheroids promotes a more physiological cellular behavior, as it more accurately reflects the biological microenvironment. Nevertheless, mixed results have been found regarding the immunosuppressive properties of spheroid-cultured MSCs (3D-MSCs), the mechanisms of immunoregulation of 3D-MSCs being scarcely described at this point. In the present study, we constructed spheroids from MSCs and compared their immunosuppressive potential with that of MSCs cultured in monolayer (2D-MSCs). First, we evaluated the ability of 2D-MSCs and 3D-MSCs to control the activation and proliferation of T-cells. Next, we evaluated the percentage of regulatory T-cells (Tregs) after the co-culturing of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with 2D-MSCs and 3D-MSCs. Finally, we investigated the expression of adhesion molecules, as well as the expressions of several anti-inflammatory transcripts in 2D-MSCs and 3D-MSCs maintained in both inflammatory and non-inflammatory conditions. Interestingly, our data show that several anti-inflammatory genes are up-regulated in 3D-MSCs, and that these cells can control T-cell proliferation. Nevertheless, 2D-MSCs are more efficient in suppressing the immune cell proliferation. Importantly, contrary to what was observed in 3D-MSCs, the expressions of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 are significantly upregulated in 2D-MSCs exposed to an inflammatory environment. Furthermore, only 2D-MSCs are able to promote the enhancement of Tregs. Taken together, our data clearly show that the immunosuppressive potential of MSCs is significantly impacted by their shape, and highlights the important role of cell-cell adhesion molecules for optimal MSC immunomodulatory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandda Évelin Silva-Carvalho
- Hematology and Stem Cells Laboratory, University of Brasília, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil
- Molecular Pharmacology Laboratory, University of Brasília, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil
| | | | - José Raimundo Corrêa
- Microscopy and Microanalysis Laboratory, University of Brasília, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Felipe Saldanha-Araujo
- Hematology and Stem Cells Laboratory, University of Brasília, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +55-61-3107-2008
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15
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Stem cell microencapsulation maintains stemness in inflammatory microenvironment. Int J Oral Sci 2022; 14:48. [PMID: 36216801 PMCID: PMC9551082 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-022-00198-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintaining the stemness of the transplanted stem cell spheroids in an inflammatory microenvironment is challenging but important in regenerative medicine. Direct delivery of stem cells to repair periodontal defects may yield suboptimal effects due to the complexity of the periodontal inflammatory environment. Herein, stem cell spheroid is encapsulated by interfacial assembly of metal-phenolic network (MPN) nanofilm to form a stem cell microsphere capsule. Specifically, periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) spheroid was coated with FeIII/tannic acid coordination network to obtain spheroid@[FeIII-TA] microcapsules. The formed biodegradable MPN biointerface acted as a cytoprotective barrier and exhibited antioxidative, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities, effectively remodeling the inflammatory microenvironment and maintaining the stemness of PDLSCs. The stem cell microencapsulation proposed in this study can be applied to multiple stem cells with various functional metal ion/polyphenol coordination, providing a simple yet efficient delivery strategy for stem cell stemness maintenance in an inflammatory environment toward a better therapeutic outcome.
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16
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Li Q, Qi G, Lutter D, Beard W, Souza CRS, Highland MA, Wu W, Li P, Zhang Y, Atala A, Sun X. Injectable Peptide Hydrogel Encapsulation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Improved Viability, Stemness, Anti-Inflammatory Effects, and Early Stage Wound Healing. Biomolecules 2022; 12:1317. [PMID: 36139156 PMCID: PMC9496061 DOI: 10.3390/biom12091317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Human-adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hADMSCs) are adult stem cells and are relatively easy to access compared to other sources of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). They have shown immunomodulation properties as well as effects in improving tissue regeneration. To better stimulate and preserve the therapeutic properties of hADMSCs, biomaterials for cell delivery have been studied extensively. To date, hyaluronic acid (HA)-based materials have been most widely adopted by researchers around the world. PGmatrix is a new peptide-based hydrogel that has shown superior functional properties in 3D cell cultures. Here, we reported the in vitro and in vivo functional effects of PGmatrix on hADMSCs in comparison with HA and HA-based Hystem hydrogels. Our results showed that PGmatrix was far superior in maintaining hADMSC viability during prolonged incubation and stimulated expression of SSEA4 (stage-specific embryonic antigen-4) in hADMSCs. hADMSCs encapsulated in PGmatrix secreted more immune-responsive proteins than those in HA or Hystem, though similar VEGF-A and TGFβ1 release levels were observed in all three hydrogels. In vivo studies revealed that hADMSCs encapsulated with PGmatrix showed improved skin wound healing in diabetic-induced mice at an early stage, suggesting possible anti-inflammatory effects, though similar re-epithelialization and collagen density were observed among PGmatrix and HA or Hystem hydrogels by day 21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Li
- Carl and Melinda Helwig Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Guangyan Qi
- Department of Grain Science and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Dylan Lutter
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Warren Beard
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | | | - Margaret A. Highland
- Wisconsin Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Wake Forest Institute Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27151, USA
| | - Anthony Atala
- Wake Forest Institute Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27151, USA
| | - Xiuzhi Sun
- Carl and Melinda Helwig Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
- Department of Grain Science and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
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17
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Fuentes P, Torres MJ, Arancibia R, Aulestia F, Vergara M, Carrión F, Osses N, Altamirano C. Dynamic Culture of Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cell Spheroids and Secretion of Paracrine Factors. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:916229. [PMID: 36046670 PMCID: PMC9421039 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.916229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, conditioned medium (CM) obtained from the culture of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) has been shown to effectively promote tissue repair and modulate the immune response in vitro and in different animal models, with potential for application in regenerative medicine. Using CM offers multiple advantages over the implantation of MSCs themselves: 1) simpler storage, transport, and preservation requirements, 2) avoidance of the inherent risks of cell transplantation, and 3) potential application as a ready-to-go biologic product. For these reasons, a large amount of MSCs research has focused on the characterization of the obtained CM, including soluble trophic factors and vesicles, preconditioning strategies for enhancing paracrine secretion, such as hypoxia, a three-dimensional (3D) environment, and biochemical stimuli, and potential clinical applications. In vitro preconditioning strategies can increase the viability, proliferation, and paracrine properties of MSCs and therefore improve the therapeutic potential of the cells and their derived products. Specifically, dynamic cultivation conditions, such as fluid flow and 3D aggregate culture, substantially impact cellular behaviour. Increased levels of growth factors and cytokines were observed in 3D cultures of MSC grown on orbital or rotatory shaking platforms, in stirred systems, such as spinner flasks or stirred tank reactors, and in microgravity bioreactors. However, only a few studies have established dynamic culture conditions and protocols for 3D aggregate cultivation of MSCs as a scalable and reproducible strategy for CM production. This review summarizes significant advances into the upstream processing, mainly the dynamic generation and cultivation of MSC aggregates, for de CM manufacture and focuses on the standardization of the soluble factor production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma Fuentes
- Escuela de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - María José Torres
- Escuela de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Arancibia
- Cellus Medicina Regenerativa S.A., Santiago, Chile
- Cellus Biomédica, Parque Tecnológico de León, León, Spain
| | - Francisco Aulestia
- Cellus Medicina Regenerativa S.A., Santiago, Chile
- Cellus Biomédica, Parque Tecnológico de León, León, Spain
| | - Mauricio Vergara
- Escuela de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Flavio Carrión
- Cellus Medicina Regenerativa S.A., Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Investigación, Postgrado y Educación Continua (DIPEC), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Alba, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nelson Osses
- Instituto de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Claudia Altamirano
- Escuela de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- CREAS, Centro Regional de Estudios en Alimentos Saludables, Valparaíso, Chile
- *Correspondence: Claudia Altamirano,
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18
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Hazrati A, Malekpour K, Soudi S, Hashemi SM. Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells spheroid culture effect on the therapeutic efficacy of these cells and their exosomes: A new strategy to overcome cell therapy limitations. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 152:113211. [PMID: 35696942 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell therapy is one of the new treatment methods in which mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (MSCs) transplantation is one of the cells widely used in this field. The results of MSCs application in the clinic prove their therapeutic efficacy. For this reason, many clinical trials have been designed based on the application of MSCs for various diseases, especially inflammatory disease and regenerative medicine. These cells perform their therapeutic functions through multiple mechanisms, including the differentiative potential, immunomodulatory properties, production of therapeutic exosomes, production of growth factors and cytokines, and anti-apoptotic effects. Exosomes are nanosized extracellular vesicles (EVs) that change target cell functions by transferring different cargos. The therapeutic ability of MSCs-derived exosomes has been demonstrated in many studies. However, some limitations, such as the low production of exosomes by cells and the need for large amounts of them and also their limited therapeutic ability, have encouraged researchers to find methods that increase exosomes' therapeutic potential. One of these methods is the spheroid culture of MSCs. Studies show that the three-dimensional culture (3DCC) of MSCs in the form of multicellular spheroids increases the therapeutic efficacy of these cells in laboratory and animal applications. In addition, the spheroid culture of MSCs leads to enhanced therapeutic properties of their exosomes and production rate. Due to the novelty of the field of using 3DCC MSCs-derived exosomes, examination of their properties and the results of their therapeutic application can increase our view of this field. This review discussed MSCs and their exosomes enhanced properties in spheroid culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Hazrati
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kosar Malekpour
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Soudi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mahmoud Hashemi
- Medical Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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19
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Oh JY, Kim H, Lee HJ, Lee K, Barreda H, Kim HJ, Shin E, Bae EH, Kaur G, Zhang Y, Kim E, Lee JY, Lee RH. MHC Class I Enables MSCs to Evade NK-Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity and Exert Immunosuppressive Activity. Stem Cells 2022; 40:870-882. [PMID: 35852488 PMCID: PMC9512104 DOI: 10.1093/stmcls/sxac043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Allogeneic mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are frequently used in clinical trials due to their low expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and lack of MHC class II. However, the levels of MHC classes I and II in MSCs are increased by inflammatory stimuli, raising concerns over potential adverse effects associated with allogeneic cell therapy. Also, it is unclear how the host immune response to MHC-mismatched MSCs affects the therapeutic efficacy of the cells. Herein, using strategies to manipulate MHC genes in human bone marrow-derived MSCs via the CRISPR-Cas9 system, plasmids, or siRNAs, we found that inhibition of MHC class I-not MHC class II-in MSCs lowered the survival rate of MSCs and their immunosuppressive potency in mice with experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis, specifically by increasing MSC vulnerability to natural killer (NK)-cell-mediated cytotoxicity. A subsequent survey of MSC batches derived from 6 human donors confirmed a significant correlation between MSC survival rate and susceptibility to NK cells with the potency of MSCs to increase MHC class I level upon stimulation. Our overall results demonstrate that MHC class I enables MSCs to evade NK-cell-mediated cytotoxicity and exert immunosuppressive activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo Youn Oh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea,Laboratory of Ocular Regenerative Medicine and Immunology, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyemee Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Hyun Ju Lee
- Laboratory of Ocular Regenerative Medicine and Immunology, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kangin Lee
- ToolGen, Inc., Geumcheon-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Heather Barreda
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Hyeon Ji Kim
- Laboratory of Ocular Regenerative Medicine and Immunology, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eunji Shin
- ToolGen, Inc., Geumcheon-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun-Hye Bae
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Gagandeep Kaur
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Eunjae Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | | | - Ryang Hwa Lee
- Corresponding author: Ryang Hwa Lee, Molecular and Cellular Medicine Department, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, 1114 TAMU, 206 Olsen Boulevard, College Station, TX 77845, USA.
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20
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Yu M, Zhou M, Li J, Zong R, Yan Y, Kong L, Zhu Q, Li C. Notch-activated mesenchymal stromal/stem cells enhance the protective effect against acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury by activating AMPK/SIRT1 pathway. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:318. [PMID: 35842731 PMCID: PMC9288678 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02999-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Notch signaling plays important roles in regulating innate immunity. However, little is known about the role of Notch in mesenchymal stromal/stem cell (MSC)-mediated immunomodulation during liver inflammatory response. Methods Notch activation in human umbilical cord-derived MSCs was performed by a tissue culture plate coated with Notch ligand, recombinant human Jagged1 (JAG1). Mice were given intravenous injection of Notch-activated MSCs after acetaminophen (APAP)-induced acute liver injury. Liver tissues were collected and analyzed by histology and immunohistochemistry. Results MSC administration reduced APAP-induced hepatocellular damage, as manifested by decreased serum ALT levels, intrahepatic macrophage/neutrophil infiltration, hepatocellular apoptosis and proinflammatory mediators. The anti-inflammatory activity and therapeutic effects of MSCs were greatly enhanced by Notch activation via its ligand JAG1. However, Notch2 disruption in MSCs markedly diminished the protective effect of MSCs against APAP-induced acute liver injury, even in the presence of JAG1 pretreatment. Strikingly, Notch-activated MSCs promoted AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPKα) phosphorylation, increased the sirtuins 1 (SIRT1) deacetylase expression, but downregulated spliced X-box-binding protein 1 (XBP1s) expression and consequently reduced NLR family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation. Furthermore, SIRT1 disruption or XBP1s overexpression in macrophages exacerbated APAP-triggered liver inflammation and augmented NLRP3/caspase-1 activity in MSC-administrated mice. Mechanistic studies further demonstrated that JAG1-pretreated MSCs activated Notch2/COX2/PGE2 signaling, which in turn induced macrophage AMPK/SIRT1 activation, leading to XBP1s deacetylation and inhibition of NLRP3 activity. Conclusions Activation of Notch2 is required for the ability of MSCs to reduce the severity of APAP-induced liver damage in mice. Our findings underscore a novel molecular insights into MSCs-mediated immunomodulation by activating Notch2/COX2/AMPK/SIRT1 pathway and thus provide a new strategy for the treatment of liver inflammatory diseases. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-022-02999-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxue Yu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.,Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Zhou
- Neurocritical Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Jiahui Li
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.,Department of Anatomy and Histology Embryology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Ruobin Zong
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Yufei Yan
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Liangyi Kong
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Qiang Zhu
- Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Changyong Li
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
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21
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Soares MBP, Gonçalves RGJ, Vasques JF, da Silva-Junior AJ, Gubert F, Santos GC, de Santana TA, Almeida Sampaio GL, Silva DN, Dominici M, Mendez-Otero R. Current Status of Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells for Treatment of Neurological Diseases. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:883378. [PMID: 35782379 PMCID: PMC9244712 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.883378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurological disorders include a wide spectrum of clinical conditions affecting the central and peripheral nervous systems. For these conditions, which affect hundreds of millions of people worldwide, generally limited or no treatments are available, and cell-based therapies have been intensively investigated in preclinical and clinical studies. Among the available cell types, mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) have been widely studied but as yet no cell-based treatment exists for neurological disease. We review current knowledge of the therapeutic potential of MSC-based therapies for neurological diseases, as well as possible mechanisms of action that may be explored to hasten the development of new and effective treatments. We also discuss the challenges for culture conditions, quality control, and the development of potency tests, aiming to generate more efficient cell therapy products for neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena B. P. Soares
- Laboratório de Engenharia Tecidual e Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador, Brazil
- Instituto SENAI de Sistemas Avançados de Saúde (CIMATEC ISI-SAS), Centro Universitário SENAI/CIMATEC, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Renata G. J. Gonçalves
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Programa Redes de Pesquisa em Saúde no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Juliana F. Vasques
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Almir J. da Silva-Junior
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Programa Redes de Pesquisa em Nanotecnologia no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Gubert
- Programa Redes de Pesquisa em Saúde no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Girlaine Café Santos
- Laboratório de Engenharia Tecidual e Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador, Brazil
- Instituto SENAI de Sistemas Avançados de Saúde (CIMATEC ISI-SAS), Centro Universitário SENAI/CIMATEC, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Thaís Alves de Santana
- Laboratório de Engenharia Tecidual e Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador, Brazil
- Instituto SENAI de Sistemas Avançados de Saúde (CIMATEC ISI-SAS), Centro Universitário SENAI/CIMATEC, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Louise Almeida Sampaio
- Laboratório de Engenharia Tecidual e Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador, Brazil
- Instituto SENAI de Sistemas Avançados de Saúde (CIMATEC ISI-SAS), Centro Universitário SENAI/CIMATEC, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | - Massimo Dominici
- Laboratory of Cellular Therapy, Division of Oncology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia (UNIMORE), Modena, Italy
| | - Rosalia Mendez-Otero
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Programa Redes de Pesquisa em Saúde no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Programa Redes de Pesquisa em Nanotecnologia no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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22
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Li M, Jiang Y, Hou Q, Zhao Y, Zhong L, Fu X. Potential pre-activation strategies for improving therapeutic efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells: current status and future prospects. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:146. [PMID: 35379361 PMCID: PMC8981790 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02822-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based therapy has been considered as a promising approach targeting a variety of intractable diseases due to remarkable multiple effect of MSCs, such as multilineage differentiation, immunomodulatory property, and pro-regenerative capacity. However, poor engraftment, low survival rate of transplanted MSC, and impaired donor-MSC potency under host age/disease result in unsatisfactory therapeutic outcomes. Enhancement strategies, including genetic manipulation, pre-activation, and modification of culture method, have been investigated to generate highly functional MSC, and approaches for MSC pre-activation are highlighted. In this review, we summarized the current approaches of MSC pre-activation and further classified, analysed the scientific principles and main characteristics of these manipulations, and described the pros and cons of individual pre-activation strategies. We also discuss the specialized tactics to solve the challenges in this promising field so that it improves MSC therapeutic functions to serve patients better.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meirong Li
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Division and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College, Beijing, China. .,PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, Beijing, China. .,Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences 2019RU051, Beijing, China.
| | - Yufeng Jiang
- Wound Repairing Department, PLA Strategic Support Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Qian Hou
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Division and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College, Beijing, China.,PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, Beijing, China.,Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences 2019RU051, Beijing, China
| | - Yali Zhao
- Central Laboratory, Trauma Treatment Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Hainan Hospital, Sanya, China
| | - Lingzhi Zhong
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Division and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College, Beijing, China.,PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, Beijing, China.,Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences 2019RU051, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaobing Fu
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Division and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College, Beijing, China. .,PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, Beijing, China. .,Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences 2019RU051, Beijing, China.
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23
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New Perspectives to Improve Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapies for Drug-Induced Liver Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052669. [PMID: 35269830 PMCID: PMC8910533 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is one of the leading causes of acute liver injury. Many factors may contribute to the susceptibility of patients to this condition, making DILI a global medical problem that has an impact on public health and the pharmaceutical industry. The use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been at the forefront of regenerative medicine therapies for many years, including MSCs for the treatment of liver diseases. However, there is currently a huge gap between these experimental approaches and their application in clinical practice. In this concise review, we focus on the pathophysiology of DILI and highlight new experimental approaches conceived to improve cell-based therapy by the in vitro preconditioning of MSCs and/or the use of cell-free products as treatment for this liver condition. Finally, we discuss the advantages of new approaches, but also the current challenges that must be addressed in order to develop safer and more effective procedures that will allow cell-based therapies to reach clinical practice, enhancing the quality of life and prolonging the survival time of patients with DILI.
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24
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Ohori-Morita Y, Niibe K, Limraksasin P, Nattasit P, Miao X, Yamada M, Mabuchi Y, Matsuzaki Y, Egusa H. OUP accepted manuscript. Stem Cells Transl Med 2022; 11:434-449. [PMID: 35267026 PMCID: PMC9052431 DOI: 10.1093/stcltm/szab030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Ohori-Morita
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Kunimichi Niibe
- Corresponding authors: Kunimichi Niibe, DDS, PhD, Associate Professor, Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai-city, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan. Tel: +81-22-717-8363; Fax: +81-22-717-8367;
| | - Phoonsuk Limraksasin
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Praphawi Nattasit
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Xinchao Miao
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yamada
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Yo Mabuchi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Yumi Matsuzaki
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane 693-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Egusa
- Hiroshi Egusa, DDS, PhD, Director, Center for Advanced Stem Cell and Regenerative Research, Professor and Chair, Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai-city 980-8575, Japan. Tel: +81-22-717-8363; Fax: +81-22-717-8367;
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25
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Hu X, Xia Z, Cai K. Recent advances of 3D hydrogel culture systems for mesenchymal stem cell-based therapy and cell behavior regulation. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:1486-1507. [DOI: 10.1039/d1tb02537f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been increasingly recognized as resources for disease treatments and regenerative medicine. Meanwhile, the unique chemical and physical properties of hydrogels provide innate advantages to achieve...
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26
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Yanagi T, Kajiya H, Fujisaki S, Maeshiba M, Yanagi-S A, Yamamoto-M N, Kakura K, Kido H, Ohno J. Three-dimensional spheroids of dedifferentiated fat cells enhance bone regeneration. Regen Ther 2021; 18:472-479. [PMID: 34853808 PMCID: PMC8604680 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2021.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent, self-renewing cells that are extensively used in tissue engineering. Dedifferentiated fat (DFAT) cells are derived from adipose tissues and are similar to MSCs. Three-dimensional (3D) spheroid cultures comprising MSCs mimic the biological microenvironment more accurately than two-dimensional cultures; however, it remains unclear whether DFAT cells in 3D spheroids possess high osteogenerative ability. Furthermore, it is unclear whether DFAT cells from 3D spheroids transplanted into calvarial bone defects are as effective as those from two-dimensional (2D) monolayers in promoting bone regeneration. Methods We compared the in vitro osteogenic potential of rat DFAT cells cultured under osteogenic conditions in 3D spheroids with that in 2D monolayers. Furthermore, to elucidate the ability of 3D spheroid DFAT cells to promote bone healing, we examined the in vivo osteogenic potential of transplanting DFAT cells from 3D spheroids or 2D monolayers into a rat calvarial defect model. Results Osteoblast differentiation stimulated by bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) or osteogenesis-inducing medium upregulated osteogenesis-related molecules in 3D spheroid DFAT cells compared with 2D monolayer DFAT cells. BMP-2 activated phosphorylation in the canonical Smad 1/5 pathways in 3D spheroid DFAT cells but phosphorylated ERK1/2 and Smad2 in 2D monolayer DFAT cells. Regardless of osteogenic stimulation, the transplantation of 3D DFAT spheroid cells into rat calvarial defects promoted new bone formation at a greater extent than that of 2D DFAT cells. Conclusions Compared with 2D DFAT cells, 3D DFAT spheroid cells promote osteoblast differentiation and new bone formation via canonical Smad 1/5 signaling pathways. These results indicate that transplantation of DFAT cells from 3D spheroids, but not 2D monolayers, accelerates bone healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsukasa Yanagi
- Oral Medicine Research Center, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1Tamura, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1Tamura, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kajiya
- Oral Medicine Research Center, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1Tamura, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Physiological Science and Molecular Biology, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1Tamura, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Seiichi Fujisaki
- Oral Medicine Research Center, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1Tamura, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1Tamura, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Munehisa Maeshiba
- Oral Medicine Research Center, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1Tamura, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1Tamura, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ayako Yanagi-S
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1Tamura, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Nana Yamamoto-M
- Department of Odontology, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1Tamura, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kae Kakura
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1Tamura, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Kido
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1Tamura, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Jun Ohno
- Oral Medicine Research Center, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1Tamura, Fukuoka, Japan
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27
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Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Based Therapy for Rheumatoid Arthritis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111592. [PMID: 34769021 PMCID: PMC8584240 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have great potential to differentiate into various types of cells, including but not limited to, adipocytes, chondrocytes and osteoblasts. In addition to their progenitor characteristics, MSCs hold unique immunomodulatory properties that provide new opportunities in the treatment of autoimmune diseases, and can serve as a promising tool in stem cell-based therapy. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic autoimmune disorder that deteriorates quality and function of the synovium membrane, resulting in chronic inflammation, pain and progressive cartilage and bone destruction. The mechanism of RA pathogenesis is associated with dysregulation of innate and adaptive immunity. Current conventional treatments by steroid drugs, antirheumatic drugs and biological agents are being applied in clinical practice. However, long-term use of these drugs causes side effects, and some RA patients may acquire resistance to these drugs. In this regard, recently investigated MSC-based therapy is considered as a promising approach in RA treatment. In this study, we review conventional and modern treatment approaches, such as MSC-based therapy through the understanding of the link between MSCs and the innate and adaptive immune systems. Moreover, we discuss recent achievements in preclinical and clinical studies as well as various strategies for the enhancement of MSC immunoregulatory properties.
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28
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Caneparo C, Sorroza-Martinez L, Chabaud S, Fradette J, Bolduc S. Considerations for the clinical use of stem cells in genitourinary regenerative medicine. World J Stem Cells 2021; 13:1480-1512. [PMID: 34786154 PMCID: PMC8567446 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i10.1480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The genitourinary tract can be affected by several pathologies which require repair or replacement to recover biological functions. Current therapeutic strategies are challenged by a growing shortage of adequate tissues. Therefore, new options must be considered for the treatment of patients, with the use of stem cells (SCs) being attractive. Two different strategies can be derived from stem cell use: Cell therapy and tissue therapy, mainly through tissue engineering. The recent advances using these approaches are described in this review, with a focus on stromal/mesenchymal cells found in adipose tissue. Indeed, the accessibility, high yield at harvest as well as anti-fibrotic, immunomodulatory and proangiogenic properties make adipose-derived stromal/SCs promising alternatives to the therapies currently offered to patients. Finally, an innovative technique allowing tissue reconstruction without exogenous material, the self-assembly approach, will be presented. Despite advances, more studies are needed to translate such approaches from the bench to clinics in urology. For the 21st century, cell and tissue therapies based on SCs are certainly the future of genitourinary regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Caneparo
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Quebec G1J1Z4, Canada
| | - Luis Sorroza-Martinez
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Quebec G1J1Z4, Canada
| | - Stéphane Chabaud
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Quebec G1J1Z4, Canada
| | - Julie Fradette
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Quebec G1J1Z4, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec G1V0A6, Canada
| | - Stéphane Bolduc
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Quebec G1J1Z4, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec G1V0A6, Canada
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29
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Modulation of Inherent Niches in 3D Multicellular MSC Spheroids Reconfigures Metabolism and Enhances Therapeutic Potential. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102747. [PMID: 34685727 PMCID: PMC8534378 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Multicellular spheroids show three-dimensional (3D) organization with extensive cell–cell and cell–extracellular matrix interactions. Owing to their native tissue-mimicking characteristics, mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) spheroids are considered promising as implantable therapeutics for stem cell therapy. Herein, we aim to further enhance their therapeutic potential by tuning the cultivation parameters and thus the inherent niche of 3D MSC spheroids. Significantly increased expression of multiple pro-regenerative paracrine signaling molecules and immunomodulatory factors by MSCs was observed after optimizing the conditions for spheroid culture. Moreover, these alterations in cellular behaviors may be associated with not only the hypoxic niche developed in the spheroid core but also with the metabolic reconfiguration of MSCs. The present study provides efficient methods for manipulating the therapeutic capacity of 3D MSC spheroids, thus laying solid foundations for future development and clinical application of spheroid-based MSC therapy for regenerative medicine.
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30
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García-Belda P, Prima-García H, Aliena-Valero A, Castelló-Ruiz M, Ulloa-Navas MJ, Ten-Esteve A, Martí-Bonmatí L, Salom JB, García-Verdugo JM, Gil-Perotín S. Intravenous SPION-labeled adipocyte-derived stem cells targeted to the brain by magnetic attraction in a rat stroke model: An ultrastructural insight into cell fate within the brain. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2021; 39:102464. [PMID: 34583057 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2021.102464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell therapy after stroke is a promising option investigated in animal models and clinical trials. The intravenous route is commonly used in clinical settings guaranteeing an adequate safety profile although low yields of engraftment. In this report, rats subjected to ischemic stroke were injected with adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) labeled with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) applying an external magnetic field in the skull to retain the cells. Although most published studies demonstrate viability of ADSCs, only a few have used ultrastructural techniques. In our study, the application of a local magnetic force resulted in a tendency for higher yields of SPION-ADSCs targeting the brain. However, grafted cells displayed morphological signs of death, one day after administration, and correlative microscopy showed active microglia and astrocytes associated in the process of scavenging. Thus, we conclude that, although successfully targeted within the brain, SPION-ADSCs viability was rapidly compromised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula García-Belda
- Laboratory of Comparative Neurobiology, Institute Cavanilles, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Helena Prima-García
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universitat de València, Paterna, Spain
| | - Alicia Aliena-Valero
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación Cerebrovascular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe-Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - María Castelló-Ruiz
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación Cerebrovascular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe-Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Departamento de Biología Celular, Biología Funcional y Antropología Física, Universidad de Valencia, Burjassot, Spain
| | - María José Ulloa-Navas
- Laboratory of Comparative Neurobiology, Institute Cavanilles, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Amadeo Ten-Esteve
- Biomedical Imaging Research Group (GIBI230), La Fe Health Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
| | - Luis Martí-Bonmatí
- Biomedical Imaging Research Group (GIBI230), La Fe Health Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan B Salom
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación Cerebrovascular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe-Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Departamento de Fisiología, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
| | | | - Sara Gil-Perotín
- Laboratory of Central Neuroimmunology, IIS Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain.
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Wang M, Zhou T, Zhang Z, Liu H, Zheng Z, Xie H. Current therapeutic strategies for respiratory diseases using mesenchymal stem cells. MedComm (Beijing) 2021; 2:351-380. [PMID: 34766151 PMCID: PMC8554668 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) have a great potential to proliferate, undergo multi-directional differentiation, and exert immunoregulatory effects. There is already much enthusiasm for their therapeutic potentials for respiratory inflammatory diseases. Although the mechanism of MSCs-based therapy has been well explored, only a few articles have summarized the key advances in this field. We hereby provide a review over the latest progresses made on the MSCs-based therapies for four types of inflammatory respiratory diseases, including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and asthma, and the uncovery of their underlying mechanisms from the perspective of biological characteristics and functions. Furthermore, we have also discussed the advantages and disadvantages of the MSCs-based therapies and prospects for their optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming‐yao Wang
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue EngineeringOrthopedic Research InstituteMed‐X Center for MaterialsState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of BiotherapyChengduChina
| | - Ting‐yue Zhou
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue EngineeringOrthopedic Research InstituteMed‐X Center for MaterialsState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of BiotherapyChengduChina
| | - Zhi‐dong Zhang
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue EngineeringOrthopedic Research InstituteMed‐X Center for MaterialsState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of BiotherapyChengduChina
| | - Hao‐yang Liu
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue EngineeringOrthopedic Research InstituteMed‐X Center for MaterialsState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of BiotherapyChengduChina
| | - Zhi‐yao Zheng
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue EngineeringOrthopedic Research InstituteMed‐X Center for MaterialsState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of BiotherapyChengduChina
| | - Hui‐qi Xie
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue EngineeringOrthopedic Research InstituteMed‐X Center for MaterialsState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of BiotherapyChengduChina
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32
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Doron G, Temenoff JS. Culture Substrates for Improved Manufacture of Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Therapies. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2100016. [PMID: 33930252 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent developments in mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) therapies have increased the demand for tools to improve their manufacture, including the selection of optimal culture substrate materials. While many clinical manufacturers use planar tissue culture plastic (TCP) surfaces for MSC production, others have begun exploring the use of alternative culture substrates that present a variety of spatial, mechanical, and biochemical cues that influence cell expansion and resulting cell quality. In this review, the effects of culture and material properties distinct from traditional planar TCP surfaces on MSC proliferation, surface marker expression, and commonly used indications for therapeutic potency are examined. The different properties summarized include the use of alternative culture formats such as cellular aggregates or 3D scaffolds, as well as the effects of culture substrate stiffness and presentation of specific adhesive ligands and topographical cues. Specific substrate properties can be related to greater cell expansion and improvement in specific therapeutic functionalities, demonstrating the utility of culture materials in further improving the clinical-scale manufacture of highly secretory MSC products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilad Doron
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University 313 Ferst Drive Atlanta GA 30332 USA
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Johnna S. Temenoff
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University 313 Ferst Drive Atlanta GA 30332 USA
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 USA
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33
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Mao R, Liu K, Zhao N, Guo P, Wu Y, Wang Z, Liu Y, Zhang T. Clinical significance and prognostic role of an immune-related gene signature in gastric adenocarcinoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:17734-17767. [PMID: 34247148 PMCID: PMC8312416 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Limited progress has been made in the treatment of gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC) in recent years, but the potential of immunotherapy in GAC is worthy of consideration. The purpose of this study was to develop a reliable, personalized signature based on immune genes to predict the prognosis of GAC. Here, we identified two groups of patients with significantly different prognoses by performing unsupervised clustering analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database based on 881 immune genes. The immune signature was constructed with a training set composed of 350 GAC samples from the TCGA and subsequently validated with 431 samples from GSE84437, 432 samples from GSE26253, and 145 GAC samples from real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction data. This classification system can also be used to predict prognosis in different clinical subgroups. Further analysis suggested that high-risk patients were characterized by low immune scores, distinctive immune cell proportions, different immune checkpoint profiles, and a low tumor mutational burden. Ultimately, the signature was identified as an independent prognostic factor. In general, the signature can accurately predict recurrence and overall survival in patients with GAC and may serve as a powerful prognostic tool to further optimize cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Mao
- Center of Gastrointestinal and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University and The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu, Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu 610031, China.,Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610036, China
| | - Kehao Liu
- Center of Gastrointestinal and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University and The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu, Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Nana Zhao
- Department of Operating Room, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Pengsen Guo
- Center of Gastrointestinal and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University and The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu, Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Yingxin Wu
- Center of Gastrointestinal and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University and The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu, Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Yanjun Liu
- Center of Gastrointestinal and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University and The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu, Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu 610031, China.,Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610036, China
| | - Tongtong Zhang
- Center of Gastrointestinal and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University and The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu, Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu 610031, China.,Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610036, China.,Medical Research Center, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Second Chengdu Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu 610031, China
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34
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Lu D, Xu Y, Liu Q, Zhang Q. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Macrophage Crosstalk and Maintenance of Inflammatory Microenvironment Homeostasis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:681171. [PMID: 34249933 PMCID: PMC8267370 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.681171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are involved in almost every aspect of biological systems and include development, homeostasis and repair. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have good clinical application prospects due to their ability to regulate adaptive and innate immune cells, particularly macrophages, and they have been used successfully for many immune disorders, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), acute lung injury, and wound healing, which have been reported as macrophage-mediated disorders. In the present review, we focus on the interaction between MSCs and macrophages and summarize their methods of interaction and communication, such as cell-to-cell contact, soluble factor secretion, and organelle transfer. In addition, we discuss the roles of MSC-macrophage crosstalk in the development of disease and maintenance of homeostasis of inflammatory microenvironments. Finally, we provide optimal strategies for applications in immune-related disease treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Lu
- The Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Xu
- The Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiuli Liu
- The Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- The Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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35
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Li Y, Dong Y, Ran Y, Zhang Y, Wu B, Xie J, Cao Y, Mo M, Li S, Deng H, Hao W, Yu S, Wu Y. Three-dimensional cultured mesenchymal stem cells enhance repair of ischemic stroke through inhibition of microglia. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:358. [PMID: 34154653 PMCID: PMC8218508 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02416-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We show previously that three-dimensional (3D) spheroid cultured mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exhibit reduced cell size thus devoid of lung entrapment following intravenous (IV) infusion. In this study, we determined the therapeutic effect of 3D-cultured MSCs on ischemic stroke and investigated the mechanisms involved. METHODS Rats underwent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and reperfusion. 1 × 106 of 3D- or 2D-cultured MSCs, which were pre-labeled with GFP, were injected through the tail vain three and seven days after MCAO. Two days after infusion, MSC engraftment into the ischemic brain tissues was assessed by histological analysis for GFP-expressing cells, and infarct volume was determined by MRI. Microglia in the lesion were sorted and subjected to gene expressional analysis by RNA-seq. RESULTS We found that infusion of 3D-cultured MSCs significantly reduced the infarct volume of the brain with increased engraftment of the cells into the ischemic tissue, compared to 2D-cultured MSCs. Accordingly, in the brain lesion of 3D MSC-treated animals, there were significantly reduced numbers of amoeboid microglia and decreased levels of proinflammatory cytokines, indicating attenuated activation of the microglia. RNA-seq of microglia derived from the lesions suggested that 3D-cultured MSCs decreased the response of microglia to the ischemic insult. Interestingly, we observed a decreased expression of mincle, a damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) receptor, which induces the production of proinflammatory cytokines, suggestive of a potential mechanism in 3D MSC-mediated enhanced repair to ischemic stroke. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that 3D-cultured MSCs exhibit enhanced repair to ischemic stroke, probably through a suppression to ischemia-induced microglial activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuejiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Health Sciences and Technology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China.,School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yankai Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Health Sciences and Technology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China.,School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Ye Ran
- Department of Neurology, The Chinese PLA General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Yanan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Health Sciences and Technology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China.,Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI), Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Boyao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Health Sciences and Technology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jundong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Health Sciences and Technology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China.,Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI), Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yanpei Cao
- Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, China
| | - Miaohua Mo
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI), Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Sen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Health Sciences and Technology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Hao Deng
- Institute of Antibody Engineering, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Wenbo Hao
- Institute of Antibody Engineering, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Shengyuan Yu
- Department of Neurology, The Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.
| | - Yaojiong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Health Sciences and Technology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China. .,Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI), Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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36
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Jauković A, Abadjieva D, Trivanović D, Stoyanova E, Kostadinova M, Pashova S, Kestendjieva S, Kukolj T, Jeseta M, Kistanova E, Mourdjeva M. Specificity of 3D MSC Spheroids Microenvironment: Impact on MSC Behavior and Properties. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 16:853-875. [PMID: 32681232 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-020-10006-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have been considered the promising candidates for the regenerative and personalized medicine due to their self-renewal potential, multilineage differentiation and immunomodulatory capacity. Although these properties have encouraged profound MSC studies in recent years, the majority of research has been based on standard 2D culture utilization. The opportunity to resemble in vivo characteristics of cells native niche has been provided by implementation of 3D culturing models such as MSC spheroid formation assesed through cells self-assembling. In this review, we address the current literature on physical and biochemical features of 3D MSC spheroid microenvironment and their impact on MSC properties and behaviors. Starting with the reduction in the cells' dimensions and volume due to the changes in adhesion molecules expression and cytoskeletal proteins rearrangement resembling native conditions, through the microenvironment shifts in oxygen, nutrients and metabolites gradients and demands, we focus on distinctive and beneficial features of MSC in spheroids compared to cells cultured in 2D conditions. By summarizing the data for 3D MSC spheroids regarding cell survival, pluripotency, differentiation, immunomodulatory activities and potential to affect tumor cells growth we highlighted advantages and perspectives of MSC spheroids use in regenerative medicine. Further detailed analyses are needed to deepen our understanding of mechanisms responsible for modified MSC behavior in spheroids and to set future directions for MSC clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Jauković
- Laboratory for Experimental Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotića 4, PO BOX 102, Belgrade, 11129, Serbia
| | - Desislava Abadjieva
- Institute of Biology and Immunology of Reproduction, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 73 Tzarigradsko shoes, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Drenka Trivanović
- Laboratory for Experimental Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotića 4, PO BOX 102, Belgrade, 11129, Serbia.,IZKF Group Tissue Regeneration in Musculoskeletal Diseases, University Clinics, Röntgenring 11, D-97070, Wuerzburg, Germany.,Bernhard-Heine-Center for Locomotion Research, University Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Elena Stoyanova
- Institute of Biology and Immunology of Reproduction, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 73 Tzarigradsko shoes, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Milena Kostadinova
- Institute of Biology and Immunology of Reproduction, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 73 Tzarigradsko shoes, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Shina Pashova
- Institute of Biology and Immunology of Reproduction, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 73 Tzarigradsko shoes, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Snejana Kestendjieva
- Institute of Biology and Immunology of Reproduction, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 73 Tzarigradsko shoes, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Tamara Kukolj
- Laboratory for Experimental Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotića 4, PO BOX 102, Belgrade, 11129, Serbia
| | - Michal Jeseta
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital and Masaryk University, Obilní trh 11, 602 00, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Veterinary Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00, Suchdol, Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Elena Kistanova
- Institute of Biology and Immunology of Reproduction, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 73 Tzarigradsko shoes, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Milena Mourdjeva
- Institute of Biology and Immunology of Reproduction, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 73 Tzarigradsko shoes, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria.
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Xie AW, Zacharias NA, Binder BYK, Murphy WL. Controlled aggregation enhances immunomodulatory potential of mesenchymal stromal cell aggregates. Stem Cells Transl Med 2021; 10:1184-1201. [PMID: 33818906 PMCID: PMC8284773 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.19-0414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are promising candidates for cell therapy due to their ease of isolation and expansion and their ability to secrete antiapoptotic, pro‐angiogenic, and immunomodulatory factors. Three‐dimensional (3D) aggregation “self‐activates” MSCs to augment their pro‐angiogenic and immunomodulatory potential, but the microenvironmental features and culture parameters that promote optimal MSC immunomodulatory function in 3D aggregates are poorly understood. Here, we generated MSC aggregates via three distinct methods and compared them with regard to their (a) aggregate structure and (b) immunomodulatory phenotype under resting conditions and in response to inflammatory stimulus. Methods associated with fast aggregation kinetics formed aggregates with higher cell packing density and reduced extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis compared to those with slow aggregation kinetics. While all three methods of 3D aggregation enhanced MSC expression of immunomodulatory factors compared to two‐dimensional culture, different aggregation methods modulated cells' temporal expression of these factors. A Design of Experiments approach, in which aggregate size and aggregation kinetics were systematically covaried, identified a significant effect of both parameters on MSCs' ability to regulate immune cells. Compared to small aggregates formed with fast kinetics, large aggregates with slow assembly kinetics were more effective at T‐cell suppression and macrophage polarization toward anti‐inflammatory phenotypes. Thus, culture parameters including aggregation method, kinetics, and aggregate size influence both the structural properties of aggregates and their paracrine immunomodulatory function. These findings underscore the utility of engineering strategies to control properties of 3D MSC aggregates, which may identify new avenues for optimizing the immunomodulatory function of MSC‐based cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela W Xie
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Nicholas A Zacharias
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Bernard Y K Binder
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - William L Murphy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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38
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Functional Properties of Human-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Spheroids: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:8825332. [PMID: 33884001 PMCID: PMC8041538 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8825332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are adult multi-potent cells that can be isolated from many types of tissues including adipose tissue, bone marrow, and umbilical cord. They show great potential for cell therapy-based treatments, which is why they are being used in numerous clinical trials for a wide range of diseases. However, the success of placebo-controlled clinical trials has been limited, so new ways of improving the therapeutic effects of MSC are being developed, such as their assembly in a 3D conformation. In this meta-analysis, we review aggregate formation, in vitro functional properties and in vivo therapeutic potential displayed by adipose tissue, bone marrow, and umbilical cord-derived MSC, assembled as spheroids. The databases PubMed and SciELO were used to find eligible articles, using free-words and MeSH terms related to the subject, finding 28 published articles meeting all inclusion and exclusion criteria. Of the articles selected 15 corresponded to studies using MSC derived from bone marrow, 10 from adipose tissue and 3 from umbilical cord blood or tissue. The MSC spheroids properties analyzed that displayed enhancement in comparison with monolayer 2D culture, are stemness, angiogenesis, differentiation potential, cytokine secretion, paracrine and immunomodulatory effects. Overall studies reveal that the application of MSC spheroids in vivo enhanced therapeutic effects. For instance, research exhibited reduced inflammation, faster wound healing, and closure, functional recovery and tissue repair due to immunomodulatory effects, better MSC engraftment in damaged tissue, higher MSC survival and less apoptosis at the injury. Still, further research and clinical studies with controlled and consistent results are needed to see the real therapeutic efficacy of MSC spheroids.
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39
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Strategies to Potentiate Paracrine Therapeutic Efficacy of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Inflammatory Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073397. [PMID: 33806241 PMCID: PMC8037333 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been developed as cell therapeutics for various immune disorders using their immunoregulatory properties mainly exerted by their paracrine functions. However, variation among cells from different donors, as well as rapid clearance after transplantation have impaired the uniform efficacy of MSCs and limited their application. Recently, several strategies to overcome this limitation have been suggested and proven in pre-clinical settings. Therefore, in this review article, we will update the knowledge on bioengineering strategies to improve the immunomodulatory functions of MSCs, including genetic modification and physical engineering.
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40
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Cellhesion VP enhances the immunomodulating potential of human mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles. Biomaterials 2021; 271:120742. [PMID: 33706111 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation is a promising therapy for regenerative medicine. However, MSCs grown under two-dimensional (2D) culture conditions differ significantly in cell shape from those in the body, with downregulated stemness genes and secretion of paracrine factors. Here, we evaluated the effect of 3D culture using Cellhesion VP, a water-insoluble material composed of chitin-based polysaccharide fibers, on the characteristics of human Wharton's jelly-derived MSCs (hMSCs). Cellhesion VP significantly increased cell proliferation after retrieval. Transcriptome analyses suggested that genes involved in cell stemness, migration ability, and extracellular vesicle (EV) production were enhanced by 3D culture. Subsequent biochemical analyses showed that the expression levels of stemness genes including OCT4, NANOG, and SSEA4 were upregulated and migration capacity was elevated in 3D-cultured hMSCs. In addition, EV production was significantly elevated in 3D cells, which contained a distinct protein profile from 2D cells. Gene and drug connectivity analyses revealed that the 2D and 3D EVs had similar functions as immunomodulators; however, 3D EVs had completely distinct therapeutic profiles for various infectious and metabolic diseases based on activation of disease-associated signaling pathways. Therefore, EVs from Cellhesion VP-primed hMSCs offer a new treatment for immune and metabolic diseases.
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41
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Kouroupis D, Correa D. Increased Mesenchymal Stem Cell Functionalization in Three-Dimensional Manufacturing Settings for Enhanced Therapeutic Applications. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:621748. [PMID: 33644016 PMCID: PMC7907607 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.621748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (MSC) exist within their in vivo niches as part of heterogeneous cell populations, exhibiting variable stemness potential and supportive functionalities. Conventional extensive 2D in vitro MSC expansion, aimed at obtaining clinically relevant therapeutic cell numbers, results in detrimental effects on both cellular characteristics (e.g., phenotypic changes and senescence) and functions (e.g., differentiation capacity and immunomodulatory effects). These deleterious effects, added to the inherent inter-donor variability, negatively affect the standardization and reproducibility of MSC therapeutic potential. The resulting manufacturing challenges that drive the qualitative variability of MSC-based products is evident in various clinical trials where MSC therapeutic efficacy is moderate or, in some cases, totally insufficient. To circumvent these limitations, various in vitro/ex vivo techniques have been applied to manufacturing protocols to induce specific features, attributes, and functions in expanding cells. Exposure to inflammatory cues (cell priming) is one of them, however, with untoward effects such as transient expression of HLA-DR preventing allogeneic therapeutic schemes. MSC functionalization can be also achieved by in vitro 3D culturing techniques, in an effort to more closely recapitulate the in vivo MSC niche. The resulting spheroid structures provide spatial cell organization with increased cell–cell interactions, stable, or even enhanced phenotypic profiles, and increased trophic and immunomodulatory functionalities. In that context, MSC 3D spheroids have shown enhanced “medicinal signaling” activities and increased homing and survival capacities upon transplantation in vivo. Importantly, MSC spheroids have been applied in various preclinical animal models including wound healing, bone and osteochondral defects, and cardiovascular diseases showing safety and efficacy in vivo. Therefore, the incorporation of 3D MSC culturing approach into cell-based therapy would significantly impact the field, as more reproducible clinical outcomes may be achieved without requiring ex vivo stimulatory regimes. In the present review, we discuss the MSC functionalization in 3D settings and how this strategy can contribute to an improved MSC-based product for safer and more effective therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Kouroupis
- Department of Orthopedics, UHealth Sports Medicine Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States.,Diabetes Research Institute & Cell Transplantation Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Diego Correa
- Department of Orthopedics, UHealth Sports Medicine Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States.,Diabetes Research Institute & Cell Transplantation Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
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42
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Costa MHG, Serra J, McDevitt TC, Cabral JMS, da Silva CL, Ferreira FC. Dimethyloxalylglycine, a small molecule, synergistically increases the homing and angiogenic properties of human mesenchymal stromal cells when cultured as 3D spheroids. Biotechnol J 2021; 16:e2000389. [PMID: 33471965 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202000389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Strategies aiming at increasing the survival and paracrine activity of human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are of utmost importance to achieve the full therapeutic potential of these cells. Herein, we propose both physical and biochemical strategies to enhance the survival, homing, angiogenic, and immunomodulatory properties of MSCs in vitro. To that purpose, we compared the effect of exposing either 2D monolayer or 3D spheroids of MSCs to (i) hypoxia (2% O2 ) or to (ii) a hypoxic-mimetic small molecule, dimethyloxalylglycine (DMOG), with cells cultured at 21% O2 . 3D-cultured MSC spheroids evidenced higher survival upon exposure to oxidative stress and expressed higher levels of factors involved in tissue repair processes, namely tumor necrosis factor-stimulated gene-6, matrix metalloproteinase-2, and vascular endothelial growth factor. MSCs cultured as 3D spheroids and further exposed to hypoxia or hypoxic-mimetic conditions provided by DMOG synergistically favored the expression of the cell surface marker C-X-C chemokine receptor type-4, involved in homing processes to injured tissues, and adhesion to extracellular matrix components as fibronectin. These results highlight the role of ex vivo preconditioning approaches, presenting a novel strategy that combine biochemical stimuli with 3D spheroid organization of MSCs to maximize their tissue regeneration potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta H G Costa
- Department of Bioengineering, iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joana Serra
- Department of Bioengineering, iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Todd C McDevitt
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California, USA.,Department of Bioengineering & Therapeutic Sciences, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Joaquim M S Cabral
- Department of Bioengineering, iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cláudia L da Silva
- Department of Bioengineering, iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Frederico Castelo Ferreira
- Department of Bioengineering, iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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43
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Comparison of 2- and 3-Dimensional Cultured Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells; a Pilot Study. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11031083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This study compared the characteristics of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) cultured using 3-dimensional (3D) versus conventional 2-dimensional (2D) methods. PDLSCs were cultured in either a 3D culture with a non-adhesive culture plate (Stemfit 3D®) or a conventional 2D culture using a 6-well plate. Morphology, viability, proliferation ability, and osteogenic differentiation were analyzed to characterize the differences induced in identical PDLSCs by 3D and 2D culture environments. In addition, gene expression was analyzed using RNA sequencing to further characterize the functional differences. The diameter and the viability of the 3D-cultured PDLSCs decreased over time, but the shape of the spheroid was maintained for 20 days. Although osteogenic differentiation occurred in both the 2D- and 3D-cultured PDLSCs, compared to the control group it was 20.8 and 1.6 higher in the 3D- and 2D-cultured cells, respectively. RNA sequencing revealed that PDLSCs cultured using 2D and 3D methods have different gene expression profiles. The viability of the 3D-cultured cells was decreased, but they showed superior osteogenic differentiation compared to 2D-cultured cells. Within the limitations of this study, the results demonstrate that the structure and function of PDLSCs are influenced by the cell culture method.
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Abe Y, Ochiai D, Sato Y, Otani T, Fukutake M, Ikenoue S, Kasuga Y, Tanaka M. Amniotic fluid stem cells as a novel strategy for the treatment of fetal and neonatal neurological diseases. Placenta 2021; 104:247-252. [PMID: 33461069 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2021.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Even in the context of modern medicine, infants with fetal and neonatal neurological diseases such as cerebral palsy and myelomeningocele suffer serious long-lasting impairment due to the irreversible neuronal damage. The promotion of neurologically intact survival in patients with perinatal intractable neurological diseases requires the development of novel strategies. One promising strategy involves the use of human amniotic fluid stem cells (hAFSCs), which have attracted much attention in recent years and are known to exert anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. In recent years, the therapeutic effects of hAFSCs on fetal-neonatal neurological diseases have become evident as per intense research efforts by our group and others. Specifically, hAFSCs administered into the nasal cavity migrated to the brain and controlled local inflammation in a rodent model of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. In contrast, hAFSCs administered intraperitoneally did not migrate to the brain; they rather formed spheroids in the abdominal cavity, resulting in the suppression of systemic inflammation (including in the brain) via the secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines in concert with peritoneal macrophages in a rodent model of periventricular leukomalacia. Moreover, studies in a rat model of myelomeningocele suggested that hAFSCs administered in utero secreted hepatocyte growth factor and protected the exposed spinal cord during pregnancy. Importantly, autologous hAFSCs, whose use for fetal-neonatal treatment does not raise ethical issues, can be collected during pregnancy and prepared in sufficient numbers for therapeutic use. This article outlines the results of preclinical research on fetal stem cell therapy, mainly involving hAFSCs, in the context of perinatal neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushi Abe
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daigo Ochiai
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Yu Sato
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshimitsu Otani
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Marie Fukutake
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoru Ikenoue
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Kasuga
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mamoru Tanaka
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Bicer M, Cottrell GS, Widera D. Impact of 3D cell culture on bone regeneration potential of mesenchymal stromal cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:31. [PMID: 33413646 PMCID: PMC7791873 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-02094-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
As populations age across the world, osteoporosis and osteoporosis-related fractures are becoming the most prevalent degenerative bone diseases. More than 75 million patients suffer from osteoporosis in the USA, the EU and Japan. Furthermore, it is anticipated that the number of patients affected by osteoporosis will increase by a third by 2050. Although conventional therapies including bisphosphonates, calcitonin and oestrogen-like drugs can be used to treat degenerative diseases of the bone, they are often associated with serious side effects including the development of oesophageal cancer, ocular inflammation, severe musculoskeletal pain and osteonecrosis of the jaw.The use of autologous mesenchymal stromal cells/mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is a possible alternative therapeutic approach to tackle osteoporosis while overcoming the limitations of traditional treatment options. However, osteoporosis can cause a decrease in the numbers of MSCs, induce their senescence and lower their osteogenic differentiation potential.Three-dimensional (3D) cell culture is an emerging technology that allows a more physiological expansion and differentiation of stem cells compared to cultivation on conventional flat systems.This review will discuss current understanding of the effects of different 3D cell culture systems on proliferation, viability and osteogenic differentiation, as well as on the immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory potential of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mesude Bicer
- Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Group, Reading School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, PO Box 226, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AP, UK
| | - Graeme S Cottrell
- Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Darius Widera
- Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Group, Reading School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, PO Box 226, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AP, UK.
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Suelzu CM, Conti V, Khalidy Y, Montagna S, Strusi G, Di Lecce R, Berni P, Basini G, Ramoni R, Grolli S. Xenobiotic-Free Medium Guarantees Expansion of Adipose Tissue-Derived Canine Mesenchymal Stem Cells Both in 3D Fibrin-Based Matrices and in 2D Plastic Surface Cultures. Cells 2020; 9:cells9122578. [PMID: 33276432 PMCID: PMC7759956 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been recently introduced in veterinary medicine as a potential therapeutic tool for several pathologies. The large-scale in vitro expansion needed to ensure the preparation of a suitable number of MSCs for clinical application usually requires the use of xenogeneic supplements like the fetal bovine serum (FBS). The substitution of FBS with species-specific supplements would improve the safety of implanted cells, reducing the risk of undesired immune responses following cell therapy. We have evaluated the effectiveness of canine adipose tissue-derived stromal vascular fraction (SVF) and MSCs (ADMSCs) expansion in the presence of canine blood-derived supplements. Cells were cultured on traditional plastic surface and inside a 3D environment derived from the jellification of different blood-derived products, i.e., platelet-poor plasma (PPP), platelet-rich plasma (PRP), or platelet lysate (PL). PPP, PRP, and PL can contribute to canine ADMSCs in vitro expansion. Both allogeneic and autologous PPP and PL can replace FBS for ADMSCs culture on a plastic surface, exhibiting either a similar (PPP) or a more effective (PL) stimulus to cell replication. Furthermore, the 3D environment based on homospecific blood-derived products polymerization provides a strong stimulus to ADMSCs replication, producing a higher number of cells in comparison to the plastic surface environment. Allogeneic or autologous blood products behave similarly. The work suggests that canine ADMSCs can be expanded in the absence of xenogeneic supplements, thus increasing the safety of cellular preparations. Furthermore, the 3D fibrin-based matrices could represent a simple, readily available environments for effective in vitro expansion of ADMSCs using allogeneic or autologous blood-products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina M. Suelzu
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie, Università di Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy; (V.C.); (Y.K.); (S.M.); (R.D.L.); (P.B.); (G.B.); (R.R.)
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7UQ, UK;
- Correspondence: (C.M.S.); (S.G.)
| | - Virna Conti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie, Università di Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy; (V.C.); (Y.K.); (S.M.); (R.D.L.); (P.B.); (G.B.); (R.R.)
| | - Youssef Khalidy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie, Università di Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy; (V.C.); (Y.K.); (S.M.); (R.D.L.); (P.B.); (G.B.); (R.R.)
| | - Sara Montagna
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie, Università di Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy; (V.C.); (Y.K.); (S.M.); (R.D.L.); (P.B.); (G.B.); (R.R.)
| | - Gabriele Strusi
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7UQ, UK;
| | - Rosanna Di Lecce
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie, Università di Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy; (V.C.); (Y.K.); (S.M.); (R.D.L.); (P.B.); (G.B.); (R.R.)
| | - Priscilla Berni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie, Università di Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy; (V.C.); (Y.K.); (S.M.); (R.D.L.); (P.B.); (G.B.); (R.R.)
| | - Giuseppina Basini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie, Università di Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy; (V.C.); (Y.K.); (S.M.); (R.D.L.); (P.B.); (G.B.); (R.R.)
| | - Roberto Ramoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie, Università di Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy; (V.C.); (Y.K.); (S.M.); (R.D.L.); (P.B.); (G.B.); (R.R.)
| | - Stefano Grolli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie, Università di Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy; (V.C.); (Y.K.); (S.M.); (R.D.L.); (P.B.); (G.B.); (R.R.)
- Correspondence: (C.M.S.); (S.G.)
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47
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Bijonowski BM, Yuan X, Jeske R, Li Y, Grant SC. Cyclical aggregation extends in vitro expansion potential of human mesenchymal stem cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20448. [PMID: 33235227 PMCID: PMC7686385 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77288-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based therapy has shown great promises in various animal disease models. However, this therapeutic potency has not been well claimed when applied to human clinical trials. This is due to both the availability of MSCs at the time of administration and lack of viable expansion strategies. MSCs are very susceptible to in vitro culture environment and tend to adapt the microenvironment which could lead to cellular senescence and aging. Therefore, extended in vitro expansion induces loss of MSC functionality and its clinical relevance. To combat this effect, this work assessed a novel cyclical aggregation as a means of expanding MSCs to maintain stem cell functionality. The cyclical aggregation consists of an aggregation phase and an expansion phase by replating the dissociated MSC aggregates onto planar tissue culture surfaces. The results indicate that cyclical aggregation maintains proliferative capability, stem cell proteins, and clonogenicity, and prevents the acquisition of senescence. To determine why aggregation was responsible for this phenomenon, the integrated stress response pathway was probed with salubrial and GSK-2606414. Treatment with salubrial had no significant effect, while GSK-2606414 mitigated the effects of aggregation leading to in vitro aging. This method holds the potential to increase the clinical relevance of MSC therapeutic effects from small model systems (such as rats and mice) to humans, and may open the potential of patient-derived MSCs for treatment thereby removing the need for immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brent M Bijonowski
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, 2525 Pottsdamer St., Tallahassee, FL, 32310, USA.
- University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
| | - Xuegang Yuan
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, 2525 Pottsdamer St., Tallahassee, FL, 32310, USA
- The National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Richard Jeske
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, 2525 Pottsdamer St., Tallahassee, FL, 32310, USA
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, 2525 Pottsdamer St., Tallahassee, FL, 32310, USA.
| | - Samuel C Grant
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, 2525 Pottsdamer St., Tallahassee, FL, 32310, USA
- The National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
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48
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Ge M, Sheng Y, Qi S, Cao L, Zhang Y, Yang J. PLGA/chitosan-heparin composite microparticles prepared with microfluidics for the construction of hMSC aggregates. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:9921-9932. [PMID: 33034328 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb01593h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Incorporating poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) microparticles into human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) aggregates has shown promising application prospects. However, the acidic degradation products and burst release of PLGA microparticles still need to be ameliorated. In this study, the PLGA/chitosan-heparin (P/C-h) composite microparticles were successfully fabricated by integrating the double emulsion and microfluidic technology through the precise manipulation of the emulsion composition and flow rate of the two-phase in a flow-focusing chip. The P/C-h microparticles were highly monodispersed with a diameter of 23.45 ± 0.25 μm and shell-core structure of the PLGA encapsulated C-h complex, which were suitable for the fabrication of hMSC aggregates. When the mass ratio of PLGA to the C-h complex was optimized to 2 : 1, the pH of the leach liquor of P/C-h microparticles remained neutral. Compared with those of PLGA microparticles, the cytotoxicity and the initial burst release (loaded FGF-2 and VEGF) were both significantly reduced in P/C-h microparticles. Furthermore, the survival, stemness, as well as secretion and migration abilities of cells in hMSC aggregates incorporating P/C-h microparticles were also enhanced. In summary, the P/C-h composite microparticles prepared by the droplet microfluidic technique support the optimal biological and functional profile of the hMSC aggregates, which may facilitate the clinical applications of MSC-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Ge
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
| | - Yaqi Sheng
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
| | - Shuyue Qi
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
| | - Lei Cao
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
| | - Yan Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China. and State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China.
| | - Jun Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
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49
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Yang M, He S, Su Z, Yang Z, Liang X, Wu Y. Thermosensitive Injectable Chitosan/Collagen/β-Glycerophosphate Composite Hydrogels for Enhancing Wound Healing by Encapsulating Mesenchymal Stem Cell Spheroids. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:21015-21023. [PMID: 32875238 PMCID: PMC7450604 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c02580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Chronic wounds caused by diabetic or venous diseases remain a social and healthcare burden. In this work, a new strategy is proposed in which injectable thermosensitive chitosan/collagen/β-glycerophosphate (β-GP) hydrogels were combined with three-dimensional mesenchymal stem cell (3D MSC) spheroids to accelerate chronic wound healing by enhanced vascularization and paracrine effects. Chitosan/collagen/β-GP solution mixed with 3D MSC spheroids was rapidly transformed to a gel at body temperature by physical cross-linking, then overlapped the wounds fully and fitted to any shape of the wound. The results showed that the combination therapy exhibited a markedly therapeutic effect than the hydrogel-loaded two-dimensional (2D) MSCs or 2D MSCs alone. The hydrogel could provide an environment conductive to the attachment and proliferation of encapsulated MSCs, especially accelerating the proliferation and paracrine factor secretion of 3D MSC spheroids. These results supplied a novel alternative approach to treat chronic wounds caused by diabetic or venous diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yang
- X&Y
Industrial Company Limited, Shenzhen 518103, Guangdong, China
- . Tel.: 86 755 27806543. Fax: 86 755 27806543
| | - Shuohai He
- School
of Textile Materials and Engineering, Wuyi
University, Jiangmen 529020, P. R. China.
| | - Ziyue Su
- School
of Textile Materials and Engineering, Wuyi
University, Jiangmen 529020, P. R. China.
| | - Zihang Yang
- School
of Textile Materials and Engineering, Wuyi
University, Jiangmen 529020, P. R. China.
| | - Xinxin Liang
- School
of Textile Materials and Engineering, Wuyi
University, Jiangmen 529020, P. R. China.
| | - Yingzhu Wu
- School
of Textile Materials and Engineering, Wuyi
University, Jiangmen 529020, P. R. China.
- . Tel.: 86 750 3296060. Fax: 86 750 3296066
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50
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Cabezas J, Rojas D, Wong Y, Telleria F, Manriquez J, Mançanares ACF, Rodriguez-Alvarez LL, Castro FO. In vitro preconditioning of equine adipose mesenchymal stem cells with prostaglandin E 2, substance P and their combination changes the cellular protein secretomics and improves their immunomodulatory competence without compromising stemness. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2020; 228:110100. [PMID: 32871408 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2020.110100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are modern tools in regenerative therapies of humans and animals owed to their immunomodulatory properties, which are activated in a pro-inflammatory environment. Different preconditioning strategies had been devised to enhance the immunomodulatory properties of MSC. In this research, we evaluated the immunological attributes of equine adipose MSC (eAMSC) before and after preconditioning in vitro with prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), substance P (SP), their combination and IFNγ. PGE2/SP was the best combination to keep or enhance the mesodermal lineage differentiation of eAMSC. Alongside with this, preconditioning of eMSC with PGE2 and SP did not affect expression of stemness MSC surface phenotype: CD90+, CD44+, MHC class I+, MHC class II- and CD45-, assessed by cytometry. Both naïve and preconditioned eAMSC expressed genes related with immune properties, such as MHC-I, PTGES, IL6, IL1A, TNFα and IL8 assessed by qPCR. Only TNFα was under expressed in treated cells, while the other markers were either overexpressed or not changed. In no cases MHC-II expression was detected. The antiproliferative effect of preconditioned eAMSC exposed to activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) showed that SP treatment significantly inhibited proliferation of LPS stimulated PBMC. When eAMSC were stimulated with Poly I:C, all the treatments significantly inhibited proliferation of stimulated PBMC (p < 0.05). Direct contact (coculture) between the preconditioned eAMSC and PBMC, induced a shift of significantly more (CD4/CD25/FOXP3)+ T-regulatory PBMC than naïve eAMSC. In the experiments of this research, we investigated the secreted proteomic profile of naïve and preconditioned eAMSC, 42 up-regulated and 40 down-regulated proteins were found in the proteomic assay. Our proteomic data revealed profound changes in the secretory pattern of MSC exposed to different treatments, compared to naïve eAMSC as well as among treatments. In overall, compared to naïve cells, the protein profile of preconditioned cells resembled the mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET). Here we showed that the combined use of PGE2 and SP provoked in overall the highest expression of anti-inflammatory markers as well as lead to an increased acquisition of a T-regulatory phenotype in preconditioned eAMSC without affecting their "stemness".
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Affiliation(s)
- J Cabezas
- Universidad de Concepción, Campus Chillan, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Department of Animal Science, Laboratorio de Biotecnología Animal, Chile.
| | - D Rojas
- Universidad de Concepción, Campus Chillan, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Department of Animal Pathology, Chile.
| | - Y Wong
- Universidad de Concepción, Campus Chillan, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Department of Animal Science, Laboratorio de Biotecnología Animal, Chile.
| | - F Telleria
- Universidad de Concepción, Campus Chillan, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Department of Animal Science, Laboratorio de Biotecnología Animal, Chile.
| | - J Manriquez
- Universidad de Concepción, Campus Chillan, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Department of Animal Science, Laboratorio de Biotecnología Animal, Chile.
| | - A C F Mançanares
- Universidad de Concepción, Campus Chillan, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Department of Animal Science, Laboratorio de Biotecnología Animal, Chile.
| | - L L Rodriguez-Alvarez
- Universidad de Concepción, Campus Chillan, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Department of Animal Science, Laboratorio de Biotecnología Animal, Chile.
| | - F O Castro
- Universidad de Concepción, Campus Chillan, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Department of Animal Science, Laboratorio de Biotecnología Animal, Chile.
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