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Sempert K, Shohayeb B, Lanoue V, O'Brien EA, Flores C, Cooper HM. RGMa and Neogenin control dendritic spine morphogenesis via WAVE Regulatory Complex-mediated actin remodeling. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1253801. [PMID: 37928069 PMCID: PMC10620725 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1253801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Structural plasticity, the ability of dendritic spines to change their volume in response to synaptic stimulation, is an essential determinant of synaptic strength and long-term potentiation (LTP), the proposed cellular substrate for learning and memory. Branched actin polymerization is a major force driving spine enlargement and sustains structural plasticity. The WAVE Regulatory Complex (WRC), a pivotal branched actin regulator, controls spine morphology and therefore structural plasticity. However, the molecular mechanisms that govern WRC activation during spine enlargement are largely unknown. Here we identify a critical role for Neogenin and its ligand RGMa (Repulsive Guidance Molecule a) in promoting spine enlargement through the activation of WRC-mediated branched actin remodeling. We demonstrate that Neogenin regulates WRC activity by binding to the highly conserved Cyfip/Abi binding pocket within the WRC. We find that after Neogenin or RGMa depletion, the proportions of filopodia and immature thin spines are dramatically increased, and the number of mature mushroom spines concomitantly decreased. Wildtype Neogenin, but not Neogenin bearing mutations in the Cyfip/Abi binding motif, is able to rescue the spine enlargement defect. Furthermore, Neogenin depletion inhibits actin polymerization in the spine head, an effect that is not restored by the mutant. We conclude that RGMa and Neogenin are critical modulators of WRC-mediated branched actin polymerization promoting spine enlargement. This study also provides mechanistic insight into Neogenin's emerging role in LTP induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Sempert
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Belal Shohayeb
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Vanessa Lanoue
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Elizabeth A O'Brien
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Cecilia Flores
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Helen M Cooper
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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2
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González-Llera L, Shifman MI, Barreiro-Iglesias A. Neogenin expression in ependymo-radial glia of the larval sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus spinal cord. MICROPUBLICATION BIOLOGY 2023; 2023:10.17912/micropub.biology.000810. [PMID: 37143448 PMCID: PMC10152269 DOI: 10.17912/micropub.biology.000810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Neogenin is a receptor mainly known for its roles during axon pathfinding. However, neogenin is expressed in neuronal precursors of ventricular and subventricular zones of the nervous system and recent work has shown that it regulates adult neurogenesis. Here, we generated an antibody against the sea lamprey neogenin to study its expression in the larval spinal cord. Immunofluorescence experiments show that neogenin is expressed in ependymo-radial glial cells (ERGs) located in the ependymal region of the central canal of mature larval sea lampreys. Our results provide a basis for the future study of the role of neogenin in lamprey ERGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura González-Llera
- Department of Functional Biology, CIBUS, Faculty of Biology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | | | - Antón Barreiro-Iglesias
- Department of Functional Biology, CIBUS, Faculty of Biology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- Correspondence to: Antón Barreiro-Iglesias (
)
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3
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The netrin-1 receptor UNC5C contributes to the homeostasis of undifferentiated spermatogonia in adult mice. Stem Cell Res 2022; 60:102723. [PMID: 35247845 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2022.102723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In adult testis, the cell mobility is essential for spermatogonia differentiation and is suspected to regulate spermatogonial stem cell fate. Netrin-1 controls cell migration and/or survival according to the cellular context. Its involvement in some self-renewing lineages raises the possibility that Netrin-1 could have a role in spermatogenesis. We show that in addition to Sertoli cells, a fraction of murine undifferentiated spermatogonia express the Netrin-1 receptor UNC5c and that UNC5c contributes to spermatogonia differentiation. Receptor loss in Unc5crcm males leads to the concomitant accumulation of transit-amplifying progenitors and short syncytia of spermatogonia. Without altering cell death rates, the consequences of Unc5c loss worsen with age: the increase in quiescent undifferentiated progenitors associated with a higher spermatogonial stem cell enriched subset leads to the spermatocyte I decline. We demonstrate in vitro that Netrin-1 promotes a guidance effect as it repulses both undifferentiated and differentiating spermatogonia. Finally, we propose that UNC5c triggers undifferentiated spermatogonia adhesion/ migration and that the repulsive activity of Netrin-1 receptors could regulate spermatogonia differentiation, and maintain germ cell homeostasis.
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4
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Robinson RA, Griffiths SC, van de Haar LL, Malinauskas T, van Battum EY, Zelina P, Schwab RA, Karia D, Malinauskaite L, Brignani S, van den Munkhof MH, Düdükcü Ö, De Ruiter AA, Van den Heuvel DMA, Bishop B, Elegheert J, Aricescu AR, Pasterkamp RJ, Siebold C. Simultaneous binding of Guidance Cues NET1 and RGM blocks extracellular NEO1 signaling. Cell 2021; 184:2103-2120.e31. [PMID: 33740419 PMCID: PMC8063088 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
During cell migration or differentiation, cell surface receptors are simultaneously exposed to different ligands. However, it is often unclear how these extracellular signals are integrated. Neogenin (NEO1) acts as an attractive guidance receptor when the Netrin-1 (NET1) ligand binds, but it mediates repulsion via repulsive guidance molecule (RGM) ligands. Here, we show that signal integration occurs through the formation of a ternary NEO1-NET1-RGM complex, which triggers reciprocal silencing of downstream signaling. Our NEO1-NET1-RGM structures reveal a "trimer-of-trimers" super-assembly, which exists in the cell membrane. Super-assembly formation results in inhibition of RGMA-NEO1-mediated growth cone collapse and RGMA- or NET1-NEO1-mediated neuron migration, by preventing formation of signaling-compatible RGM-NEO1 complexes and NET1-induced NEO1 ectodomain clustering. These results illustrate how simultaneous binding of ligands with opposing functions, to a single receptor, does not lead to competition for binding, but to formation of a super-complex that diminishes their functional outputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross A Robinson
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Samuel C Griffiths
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Lieke L van de Haar
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Tomas Malinauskas
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Eljo Y van Battum
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Pavol Zelina
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Rebekka A Schwab
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Dimple Karia
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Lina Malinauskaite
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Sara Brignani
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Marleen H van den Munkhof
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Özge Düdükcü
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Anna A De Ruiter
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Dianne M A Van den Heuvel
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Benjamin Bishop
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Jonathan Elegheert
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - A Radu Aricescu
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK; MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - R Jeroen Pasterkamp
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Christian Siebold
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK.
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Hippocampal astrocytic neogenin regulating glutamate uptake, a critical pathway for preventing epileptic response. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2022921118. [PMID: 33850017 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2022921118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy, a common neurological disorder, is featured with recurrent seizures. Its underlying pathological mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we provide evidence for loss of neogenin (NEO1), a coreceptor for multiple ligands, including netrins and bone morphological proteins, in the development of epilepsy. NEO1 is reduced in hippocampi from patients with epilepsy based on transcriptome and proteomic analyses. Neo1 knocking out (KO) in mouse brains displays elevated epileptiform spikes and seizure susceptibility. These phenotypes were undetectable in mice, with selectively depleted NEO1 in excitatory (NeuroD6-Cre+) or inhibitory (parvalbumin+) neurons, but present in mice with specific hippocampal astrocytic Neo1 KO. Additionally, neurons in hippocampal dentate gyrus, a vulnerable region in epilepsy, in mice with astrocyte-specific Neo1 KO show reductions in inhibitory synaptic vesicles and the frequency of miniature inhibitory postsynaptic current(mIPSC), but increase of the duration of miniature excitatory postsynaptic current and tonic NMDA receptor currents, suggesting impairments in both GABAergic transmission and extracellular glutamate clearance. Further proteomic and cell biological analyses of cell-surface proteins identified GLAST, a glutamate-aspartate transporter that is marked reduced in Neo1 KO astrocytes and the hippocampus. NEO1 interacts with GLAST and promotes GLAST surface distribution in astrocytes. Expressing NEO1 or GLAST in Neo1 KO astrocytes in the hippocampus abolishes the epileptic phenotype. Taken together, these results uncover an unrecognized pathway of NEO1-GLAST in hippocampal GFAP+ astrocytes, which is critical for GLAST surface distribution and function, and GABAergic transmission, unveiling NEO1 as a valuable therapeutic target to protect the brain from epilepsy.
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Villanueva AA, Sanchez-Gomez P, Muñoz-Palma E, Puvogel S, Casas BS, Arriagada C, Peña-Villalobos I, Lois P, Ramírez Orellana M, Lubieniecki F, Casco Claro F, Gallegos I, García-Castro J, Torres VA, Palma V. The Netrin-1-Neogenin-1 signaling axis controls neuroblastoma cell migration via integrin-β1 and focal adhesion kinase activation. Cell Adh Migr 2021; 15:58-73. [PMID: 33724150 PMCID: PMC7971226 DOI: 10.1080/19336918.2021.1892397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is a highly metastatic tumor that emerges from neural crest cell progenitors. Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK) is a regulator of cell migration that binds to the receptor Neogenin-1 and is upregulated in neuroblastoma. Here, we show that Netrin-1 ligand binding to Neogenin-1 leads to FAK autophosphorylation and integrin β1 activation in a FAK dependent manner, thus promoting neuroblastoma cell migration. Moreover, Neogenin-1, which was detected in all tumor stages and was required for neuroblastoma cell migration, was found in a complex with integrin β1, FAK, and Netrin-1. Importantly, Neogenin-1 promoted neuroblastoma metastases in an immunodeficient mouse model. Taken together, these data show that Neogenin-1 is a metastasis-promoting protein that associates with FAK, activates integrin β1 and promotes neuroblastoma cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea A Villanueva
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Sciences. Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pilar Sanchez-Gomez
- Neurooncology Unit, Unidad Funcional de Investigación en Enfermedades Crónicas (UFIEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ernesto Muñoz-Palma
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Sciences. Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sofía Puvogel
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Sciences. Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Bárbara S Casas
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Sciences. Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cecilia Arriagada
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Olivos 943, Independencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Isaac Peña-Villalobos
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Sciences. Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Lois
- Postgraduate in Education Department, Faculty of Humanities, Universidad Mayor. Santiago, Chile
| | - Manuel Ramírez Orellana
- Postgraduate in Education Department, Faculty of Humanities, Universidad Mayor. Santiago, Chile
| | | | | | - Iván Gallegos
- Universidad de Chile, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Javier García-Castro
- Cellular Biotechnology Unit, Instituto de Investigación de Enfermedades Raras (IIER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vicente A Torres
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Olivos 943, Independencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Verónica Palma
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Sciences. Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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7
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Modulatory properties of extracellular matrix glycosaminoglycans and proteoglycans on neural stem cells behavior: Highlights on regenerative potential and bioactivity. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 171:366-381. [PMID: 33422514 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Despite the poor regenerative capacity of the adult central nervous system (CNS) in mammals, two distinct regions, subventricular zone (SVZ) and the subgranular zone (SGZ), continue to generate new functional neurons throughout life which integrate into the pre-existing neuronal circuitry. This process is not fixed but highly modulated, revealing many intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms by which this performance can be optimized for a given environment. The capacity for self-renewal, proliferation, migration, and multi-lineage potency of neural stem cells (NSCs) underlines the necessity of controlling stem cell fate. In this context, the native and local microenvironment plays a critical role, and the application of this highly organized architecture in the CNS has been considered as a fundamental concept in the generation of new effective therapeutic strategies in tissue engineering approaches. The brain extracellular matrix (ECM) is composed of biomacromolecules, including glycosaminoglycans, proteoglycans, and glycoproteins that provide various biological actions through biophysical and biochemical signaling pathways. Herein, we review predominantly the structure and function of the mentioned ECM composition and their regulatory impact on multiple and diversity of biological functions, including neural regeneration, survival, migration, differentiation, and final destiny of NSCs.
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8
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Isaksen TJ, Yamashita T. Repulsive Guidance Molecule A Regulates Adult Neurogenesis Via the Neogenin Receptor. Neurosci Insights 2020; 15:2633105520948481. [PMID: 32864618 PMCID: PMC7430068 DOI: 10.1177/2633105520948481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Repulsive guidance molecule A (RGMa) exhibits repulsive guidance of axonal growth and regulates neuronal differentiation during development of the mammalian brain. In this commentary, we describe the findings of our recent paper, "Repulsive Guidance Molecule A Suppresses Adult Neurogenesis," and discuss a possible model for RGMa suppression of newborn neurons that fail to properly migrate into the granular cell layer. In the study, we provided evidence that RGMa suppressed neurite growth and survival of newborn neurons in the adult dentate gyrus. This effect depends on the multifunctional Neogenin receptor expressed in adult neural stem cells through activation of the Rho-associated protein kinase leading to neurite growth inhibition and ultimately cell death. It should be noted that both RGMa and Neogenin interact with several well-described molecules, including bone morphogenetic proteins, that regulate neuronal development. Thus, it is likely that RGMa interacts with other intricate molecular networks that regulate adult neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toke Jost Isaksen
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Toshihide Yamashita
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,Department of Neuro-Medical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
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9
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Isaksen TJ, Fujita Y, Yamashita T. Repulsive Guidance Molecule A Suppresses Adult Neurogenesis. Stem Cell Reports 2020; 14:677-691. [PMID: 32243839 PMCID: PMC7160374 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2020.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Repulsive guidance molecule A (RGMa) is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored glycoprotein that exhibits repulsive neurite guidance and regulates neuronal differentiation and survival during brain development. However, the function of RGMa in the adult brain is unknown. Here, we show that RGMa is expressed in the adult hippocampus and provide evidence that RGMa signaling suppresses adult neurogenesis. Knockdown of RGMa in the dentate gyrus increased the number of surviving newborn neurons; however, these cells failed to properly migrate into the granular cell layer. In vitro, RGMa stimulation of adult neural stem cells suppressed neurite outgrowth of newborn neurons, which could be prevented by knockdown of the multifunctional receptor neogenin, as well as pharmacological inhibition of the downstream target Rho-associated protein kinase. These findings present a function for RGMa in the adult brain and add to the intricate molecular network that regulates adult brain plasticity. RGMa suppress survival and growth of newborn neurons in the adult dentate gyrus RGMa signaling depends on neogenin for the regulation of adult neurogenesis RGMa induces RhoA/ROCK activation in adult neuronal stem cells
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Affiliation(s)
- Toke Jost Isaksen
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuki Fujita
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Toshihide Yamashita
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Graduate School of Frontier Bioscience, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Department of Neuro-Medical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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10
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Veeraval L, O'Leary CJ, Cooper HM. Adherens Junctions: Guardians of Cortical Development. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:6. [PMID: 32117958 PMCID: PMC7025593 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Apical radial glia comprise the pseudostratified neuroepithelium lining the embryonic lateral ventricles and give rise to the extensive repertoire of pyramidal neuronal subtypes of the neocortex. The establishment of a highly apicobasally polarized radial glial morphology is a mandatory prerequisite for cortical development as it governs neurogenesis, neural migration and the integrity of the ventricular wall. As in all epithelia, cadherin-based adherens junctions (AJs) play an obligate role in the maintenance of radial glial apicobasal polarity and neuroepithelial cohesion. In addition, the assembly of resilient AJs is critical to the integrity of the neuroepithelium which must resist the tensile forces arising from increasing CSF volume and other mechanical stresses associated with the expansion of the ventricles in the embryo and neonate. Junctional instability leads to the collapse of radial glial morphology, disruption of the ventricular surface and cortical lamination defects due to failed neuronal migration. The fidelity of cortical development is therefore dependent on AJ assembly and stability. Mutations in genes known to control radial glial junction formation are causative for a subset of inherited cortical malformations (neuronal heterotopias) as well as perinatal hydrocephalus, reinforcing the concept that radial glial junctions are pivotal determinants of successful corticogenesis. In this review we explore the key animal studies that have revealed important insights into the role of AJs in maintaining apical radial glial morphology and function, and as such, have provided a deeper understanding of the aberrant molecular and cellular processes contributing to debilitating cortical malformations. We highlight the reciprocal interactions between AJs and the epithelial polarity complexes that impose radial glial apicobasal polarity. We also discuss the critical molecular networks promoting AJ assembly in apical radial glia and emphasize the role of the actin cytoskeleton in the stabilization of cadherin adhesion – a crucial factor in buffering the mechanical forces exerted as a consequence of cortical expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenin Veeraval
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Conor J O'Leary
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Helen M Cooper
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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11
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Lin S, Liu W, Chen CL, Sun D, Hu JX, Li L, Ye J, Mei L, Xiong WC. Neogenin-loss in neural crest cells results in persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous formation. J Mol Cell Biol 2020; 12:17-31. [PMID: 31336386 PMCID: PMC7053014 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjz076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Neogenin is a transmembrane receptor critical for multiple cellular processes, including neurogenesis, astrogliogenesis, endochondral bone formation, and iron homeostasis. Here we present evidence that loss of neogenin contributes to pathogenesis of persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous (PHPV) formation, a genetic disorder accounting for ~ 5% of blindness in the USA. Selective loss of neogenin in neural crest cells (as observed in Wnt1-Cre; Neof/f mice), but not neural stem cells (as observed in GFAP-Cre and Nestin-Cre; Neof/f mice), resulted in a dysregulation of neural crest cell migration or delamination, exhibiting features of PHPV-like pathology (e.g. elevated retrolental mass), unclosed retinal fissure, and microphthalmia. These results demonstrate an unrecognized function of neogenin in preventing PHPV pathogenesis, implicating neogenin regulation of neural crest cell delamination/migration and retinal fissure formation as potential underlying mechanisms of PHPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Lin
- Department of Neuroscience & Regenerative Medicine and Department of Neurology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center of PLA, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Neuroscience & Regenerative Medicine and Department of Neurology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center of PLA, Chongqing, China
| | - Chun-Lin Chen
- Department of Neuroscience & Regenerative Medicine and Department of Neurology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center of PLA, Chongqing, China
| | - Dong Sun
- Department of Neuroscience & Regenerative Medicine and Department of Neurology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Jin-Xia Hu
- Department of Neuroscience & Regenerative Medicine and Department of Neurology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Neuroscience & Regenerative Medicine and Department of Neurology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Jian Ye
- Department of Ophthalmology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center of PLA, Chongqing, China
| | - Lin Mei
- Department of Neuroscience & Regenerative Medicine and Department of Neurology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Wen-Cheng Xiong
- Department of Neuroscience & Regenerative Medicine and Department of Neurology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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12
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Kalani A, Chaturvedi P, Kalani K, Kamat PK, Chaturvedi P. A high methionine, low folate and vitamin B 6/B 12 containing diet can be associated with memory loss by epigenetic silencing of netrin-1. Neural Regen Res 2019; 14:1247-1254. [PMID: 30804256 PMCID: PMC6425846 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.251333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Memory-epigenetics which is the loss of memory due to epigenetic modifications can be due to the silencing of genes involved in cognitive functions and this is the basis of the current study. We hypothesize that a diet containing high methionine and low vitamins can lead to memory impairment by increasing global DNA methylation and therefore, silencing the netrin-1 gene, which encodes the glycoprotein involved in neurogenesis, axonal guidance and maintenance of the synaptic plasticity. Wild type (C57BL/6J) mice were fed with a diet containing excess methionine (1.2%), low-folate (0.08 mg/kg), vitamin B6 (0.01 mg/kg), and B12 (10.4 mg/kg) for 6 weeks. Mice were examined weekly for the long-term memory function, using a passive avoidance test, which determined loss of fear-motivated long-term memory starting from the fourth week of diet. Similarly, an increase in brain %5-methyl cytosine was observed starting from the 4th week of diet in mice. Mice fed with a high methionine, low folate and vitamins containing diet showed a decrease in netrin-1 protein expression and an increase in netrin-1 gene promotor methylation, as determined by methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme-polymerase chain reaction analysis. The increase in methylation of netrin-1 gene was validated by high-resolution melting and sequencing analysis. Furthermore, the association of netrin-1 with memory was established by administering netrin that considerably restored long-term fear motivated memory. Taken together, these results suggest that a diet rich in methionine and lacking in folate and vitamin B6/B12 can induce defects in learning and memory. Furthermore, the data indicates that decrease in netrin-1 expression due to hyper-methylation of its gene can be associated with memory loss. The animal procedures were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee, University of Louisville, USA (No. A3586-01) on February 2, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Kalani
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Pankaj Chaturvedi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Komal Kalani
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India; Pharmacology Department and Toxicology, Higuchi Biosciences Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Pradip K Kamat
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Poonam Chaturvedi
- Department of Neurology, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
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13
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Zalucki O, Harris L, Harvey TJ, Harkins D, Widagdo J, Oishi S, Matuzelski E, Yong XLH, Schmidt H, Anggono V, Burne THJ, Gronostajski RM, Piper M. NFIX-Mediated Inhibition of Neuroblast Branching Regulates Migration Within the Adult Mouse Ventricular–Subventricular Zone. Cereb Cortex 2018; 29:3590-3604. [DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhy233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Revised: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Understanding the migration of newborn neurons within the brain presents a major challenge in contemporary biology. Neuronal migration is widespread within the developing brain but is also important within the adult brain. For instance, stem cells within the ventricular–subventricular zone (V-SVZ) and the subgranular zone of dentate gyrus of the adult rodent brain produce neuroblasts that migrate to the olfactory bulb and granule cell layer of the dentate gyrus, respectively, where they regulate key brain functions including innate olfactory responses, learning, and memory. Critically, our understanding of the factors mediating neuroblast migration remains limited. The transcription factor nuclear factor I X (NFIX) has previously been implicated in embryonic cortical development. Here, we employed conditional ablation of Nfix from the adult mouse brain and demonstrated that the removal of this gene from either neural stem and progenitor cells, or neuroblasts, within the V-SVZ culminated in neuroblast migration defects. Mechanistically, we identified aberrant neuroblast branching, due in part to increased expression of the guanylyl cyclase natriuretic peptide receptor 2 (Npr2), as a factor contributing to abnormal migration in Nfix-deficient adult mice. Collectively, these data provide new insights into how neuroblast migration is regulated at a transcriptional level within the adult brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oressia Zalucki
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Lachlan Harris
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Tracey J Harvey
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Danyon Harkins
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jocelyn Widagdo
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Sabrina Oishi
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Elise Matuzelski
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Xuan Ling Hilary Yong
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Hannes Schmidt
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Victor Anggono
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Thomas H J Burne
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, The Park Centre for Mental Health, Wacol, QLD, Australia
| | - Richard M Gronostajski
- Department of Biochemistry, Program in Genetics, Genomics and Bioinformatics, Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Michael Piper
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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14
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Neogenin in Amygdala for Neuronal Activity and Information Processing. J Neurosci 2018; 38:9600-9613. [PMID: 30228230 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0433-18.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fear learning and memory are vital for livings to survive, dysfunctions in which have been implicated in various neuropsychiatric disorders. Appropriate neuronal activation in amygdala is critical for fear memory. However, the underlying regulatory mechanisms are not well understood. Here we report that Neogenin, a DCC (deleted in colorectal cancer) family receptor, which plays important roles in axon navigation and adult neurogenesis, is enriched in excitatory neurons in BLA (Basolateral amygdala). Fear memory is impaired in male Neogenin mutant mice. The number of cFos+ neurons in response to tone-cued fear training was reduced in mutant mice, indicating aberrant neuronal activation in the absence of Neogenin. Electrophysiological studies show that Neogenin mutation reduced the cortical afferent input to BLA pyramidal neurons and compromised both induction and maintenance of Long-Term Potentiation evoked by stimulating cortical afferent, suggesting a role of Neogenin in synaptic plasticity. Concomitantly, there was a reduction in spine density and in frequency of miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs), but not miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents, suggesting a role of Neogenin in forming excitatory synapses. Finally, ablating Neogenin in the BLA in adult male mice impaired fear memory likely by reducing mEPSC frequency in BLA excitatory neurons. These results reveal an unrecognized function of Neogenin in amygdala for information processing by promoting and maintaining neurotransmission and synaptic plasticity and provide insight into molecular mechanisms of neuronal activation in amygdala.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Appropriate neuronal activation in amygdala is critical for information processing. However, the underlying regulatory mechanisms are not well understood. Neogenin is known to regulate axon navigation and adult neurogenesis. Here we show that it is critical for neurotransmission and synaptic plasticity in the amygdala and thus fear memory by using a combination of genetic, electrophysiological, behavioral techniques. Our studies identify a novel function of Neogenin and provide insight into molecular mechanisms of neuronal activation in amygdala for fear processing.
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15
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Villanueva AA, Puvogel S, Lois P, Muñoz-Palma E, Ramírez Orellana M, Lubieniecki F, Casco Claro F, Gallegos I, García-Castro J, Sanchez-Gomez P, Torres VA, Palma V. The Netrin-4/Laminin γ1/Neogenin-1 complex mediates migration in SK-N-SH neuroblastoma cells. Cell Adh Migr 2018; 13:33-40. [PMID: 30160193 PMCID: PMC6527380 DOI: 10.1080/19336918.2018.1506652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common pediatric extracranial solid tumor. It arises during development of the sympathetic nervous system. Netrin-4 (NTN4), a laminin-related protein, has been proposed as a key factor to target NB metastasis, although there is controversy about its function. Here, we show that NTN4 is broadly expressed in tumor, stroma and blood vessels of NB patient samples. Furthermore, NTN4 was shown to act as a cell adhesion molecule required for the migration induced by Neogenin-1 (NEO1) in SK-N-SH neuroblastoma cells. Therefore, we propose that NTN4, by forming a ternary complex with Laminin γ1 (LMγ1) and NEO1, acts as an essential extracellular matrix component, which induces the migration of SK-N-SH cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea A Villanueva
- a Faculty of Sciences , Laboratory of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Universidad de Chile , Santiago , Chile
| | - Sofía Puvogel
- a Faculty of Sciences , Laboratory of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Universidad de Chile , Santiago , Chile
| | - Pablo Lois
- a Faculty of Sciences , Laboratory of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Universidad de Chile , Santiago , Chile
| | - Ernesto Muñoz-Palma
- a Faculty of Sciences , Laboratory of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Universidad de Chile , Santiago , Chile
| | | | - Fabiana Lubieniecki
- c Hospital de Pediatría Dr. Prof. Juan P. Garrahan , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | | | - Iván Gallegos
- e Faculty of Medicine , Universidad de Chile , Santiago , Chile
| | | | | | - Vicente A Torres
- h Institute for Research in Dental Sciences and Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Dentistry , Universidad de Chile , Santiago , Chile
| | - Verónica Palma
- a Faculty of Sciences , Laboratory of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Universidad de Chile , Santiago , Chile
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16
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Andreopoulou E, Arampatzis A, Patsoni M, Kazanis I. Being a Neural Stem Cell: A Matter of Character But Defined by the Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1041:81-118. [PMID: 29204830 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-69194-7_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The cells that build the nervous system, either this is a small network of ganglia or a complicated primate brain, are called neural stem and progenitor cells. Even though the very primitive and the very recent neural stem cells (NSCs) share common basic characteristics that are hard-wired within their character, such as the expression of transcription factors of the SoxB family, their capacity to give rise to extremely different neural tissues depends significantly on instructions from the microenvironment. In this chapter we explore the nature of the NSC microenvironment, looking through evolution, embryonic development, maturity and even disease. Experimental work undertaken over the last 20 years has revealed exciting insight into the NSC microcosmos. NSCs are very capable in producing their own extracellular matrix and in regulating their behaviour in an autocrine and paracrine manner. Nevertheless, accumulating evidence indicates an important role for the vasculature, especially within the NSC niches of the postnatal brain; while novel results reveal direct links between the metabolic state of the organism and the function of NSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia Andreopoulou
- Lab of Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Asterios Arampatzis
- Wellcome Trust- MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Biology Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Melina Patsoni
- Lab of Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Ilias Kazanis
- Lab of Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Patras, Patras, Greece.
- Wellcome Trust- MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Biology Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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17
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Villanueva AA, Falcón P, Espinoza N, R LS, Milla LA, Hernandez-SanMiguel E, Torres VA, Sanchez-Gomez P, Palma V. The Netrin-4/ Neogenin-1 axis promotes neuroblastoma cell survival and migration. Oncotarget 2018; 8:9767-9782. [PMID: 28038459 PMCID: PMC5354769 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neogenin-1 (NEO1) is a transmembrane receptor involved in axonal guidance, angiogenesis, neuronal cell migration and cell death, during both embryonic development and adult homeostasis. It has been described as a dependence receptor, because it promotes cell death in the absence of its ligands (Netrin and Repulsive Guidance Molecule (RGM) families) and cell survival when they are present. Although NEO1 and its ligands are involved in tumor progression, their precise role in tumor cell survival and migration remain unclear. Public databases contain extensive information regarding the expression of NEO1 and its ligands Netrin-1 (NTN1) and Netrin-4 (NTN4) in primary neuroblastoma (NB) tumors. Analysis of this data revealed that patients with high expression levels of both NEO1 and NTN4 have a poor survival rate. Accordingly, our analyses in NB cell lines with different genetic backgrounds revealed that knocking-down NEO1 reduces cell migration, whereas silencing of endogenous NTN4 induced cell death. Conversely, overexpression of NEO1 resulted in higher cell migration in the presence of NTN4, and increased apoptosis in the absence of ligand. Increased apoptosis was prevented when utilizing physiological concentrations of exogenous Netrin-4. Likewise, cell death induced after NTN4 knock-down was rescued when NEO1 was transiently silenced, thus revealing an important role for NEO1 in NB cell survival. In vivo analysis, using the chicken embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model, showed that NEO1 and endogenous NTN4 are involved in tumor extravasation and metastasis. Our data collectively demonstrate that endogenous NTN4/NEO1 maintain NB growth via both pro-survival and pro-migratory molecular signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea A Villanueva
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paulina Falcón
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Natalie Espinoza
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis Solano R
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis A Milla
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Current address: School of Medicine, Universidad de Santiago, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Vicente A Torres
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences and Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Verónica Palma
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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18
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Sun D, Sun XD, Zhao L, Lee DH, Hu JX, Tang FL, Pan JX, Mei L, Zhu XJ, Xiong WC. Neogenin, a regulator of adult hippocampal neurogenesis, prevents depressive-like behavior. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:8. [PMID: 29311593 PMCID: PMC5849041 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-017-0019-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis in hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) is a complex, but precisely controlled process. Dysregulation of this event contributes to multiple neurological disorders, including major depression. Thus, it is of considerable interest to investigate how adult hippocampal neurogenesis is regulated. Here, we present evidence for neogenin, a multifunctional transmembrane receptor, to regulate adult mouse hippocampal neurogenesis. Loss of neogenin in adult neural stem cells (NSCs) or neural progenitor cells (NPCs) impaired NSCs/NPCs proliferation and neurogenesis, whereas increased their astrocytic differentiation. Mechanistic studies revealed a role for neogenin to positively regulate Gli1, a crucial downstream transcriptional factor of sonic hedgehog, and expression of Gli1 into neogenin depleted NSCs/NPCs restores their proliferation. Further morphological and functional studies showed additional abnormities, including reduced dendritic branches and spines, and impaired glutamatergic neuro-transmission, in neogenin-depleted new-born DG neurons; and mice with depletion of neogenin in NSCs/NPCs exhibited depressive-like behavior. These results thus demonstrate unrecognized functions of neogenin in adult hippocampal NSCs/NPCs-promoting NSCs/NPCs proliferation and neurogenesis and preventing astrogliogenesis and depressive-like behavior, and suggest neogenin regulation of Gli1 signaling as a possible underlying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, China.,Department of Neuroscience & Regenerative Medicine and Department of Neurology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Xiang-Dong Sun
- Department of Neuroscience & Regenerative Medicine and Department of Neurology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Lu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, China.,Department of Neuroscience & Regenerative Medicine and Department of Neurology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Dae-Hoon Lee
- Department of Neuroscience & Regenerative Medicine and Department of Neurology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Jin-Xia Hu
- Department of Neuroscience & Regenerative Medicine and Department of Neurology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.,Department of Neurology, The affiliated hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, 221002, China
| | - Fu-Lei Tang
- Department of Neuroscience & Regenerative Medicine and Department of Neurology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Jin-Xiu Pan
- Department of Neuroscience & Regenerative Medicine and Department of Neurology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Lin Mei
- Department of Neuroscience & Regenerative Medicine and Department of Neurology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Xiao-Juan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, China.
| | - Wen-Cheng Xiong
- Department of Neuroscience & Regenerative Medicine and Department of Neurology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
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19
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Downregulation of the Sonic Hedgehog/Gli pathway transcriptional target Neogenin-1 is associated with basal cell carcinoma aggressiveness. Oncotarget 2017; 8:84006-84018. [PMID: 29137400 PMCID: PMC5663572 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC) is one of the most diagnosed cancers worldwide. It develops due to an unrestrained Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) signaling activity in basal cells of the skin. Certain subtypes of BCC are more aggressive than others, although the molecular basis of this phenomenon remains unknown. We have previously reported that Neogenin-1 (NEO1) is a downstream target gene of the SHH/GLI pathway in neural tissue. Given that SHH participates in epidermal homeostasis, here we analyzed the epidermal expression of NEO1 in order to identify whether it plays a role in adult epidermis or BCC. We describe the mRNA and protein expression profile of NEO1 and its ligands (Netrin-1 and RGMA) in human and mouse control epidermis and in a broad range of human BCCs. We identify in human BCC a significant positive correlation in the levels of NEO1 receptor, NTN-1 and RGMA ligands with respect to GLI1, the main target gene of the canonical SHH pathway. Moreover, we show via cyclopamine inhibition of the SHH/GLI pathway of ex vivo cultures that NEO1 likely functions as a downstream target of SHH/GLI signaling in the skin. We also show how Neo1 expression decreases throughout BCC progression in the K14-Cre:Ptch1lox/lox mouse model and that aggressive subtypes of human BCC exhibit lower levels of NEO1 than non-aggressive BCC samples. Taken together, these data suggest that NEO1 is a SHH/GLI target in epidermis. We propose that NEO1 may be important in tumor onset and is then down-regulated in advanced BCC or aggressive subtypes.
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Kam JWK, Dumontier E, Baim C, Brignall AC, Mendes da Silva D, Cowan M, Kennedy TE, Cloutier JF. RGMB and neogenin control cell differentiation in the developing olfactory epithelium. Development 2017; 143:1534-46. [PMID: 27143755 DOI: 10.1242/dev.118638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cellular interactions are key for the differentiation of distinct cell types within developing epithelia, yet the molecular mechanisms engaged in these interactions remain poorly understood. In the developing olfactory epithelium (OE), neural stem/progenitor cells give rise to odorant-detecting olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) and glial-like sustentacular (SUS) cells. Here, we show in mice that the transmembrane receptor neogenin (NEO1) and its membrane-bound ligand RGMB control the balance of neurons and glial cells produced in the OE. In this layered epithelium, neogenin is expressed in progenitor cells, while RGMB is restricted to adjacent newly born ORNs. Ablation of Rgmb via gene-targeting increases the number of dividing progenitor cells in the OE and leads to supernumerary SUS cells. Neogenin loss-of-function phenocopies these effects observed in Rgmb(-/-) mice, supporting the proposal that RGMB-neogenin signaling regulates progenitor cell numbers and SUS cell production. Interestingly, Neo1(-/-) mice also exhibit increased apoptosis of ORNs, implicating additional ligands in the neogenin-dependent survival of ORNs. Thus, our results indicate that RGMB-neogenin-mediated cell-cell interactions between newly born neurons and progenitor cells control the ratio of glia and neurons produced in the OE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Wai Keung Kam
- Montreal Neurological Institute, 3801 University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 2B4 Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, 3801 University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 2B4
| | - Emilie Dumontier
- Montreal Neurological Institute, 3801 University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 2B4 Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, 3801 University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 2B4
| | - Christopher Baim
- Montreal Neurological Institute, 3801 University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 2B4 Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, 3801 University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 2B4
| | - Alexandra C Brignall
- Montreal Neurological Institute, 3801 University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 2B4 Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, 3801 University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 2B4
| | - David Mendes da Silva
- Montreal Neurological Institute, 3801 University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 2B4 Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology and Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, Coimbra 3004-517, Portugal
| | - Mitra Cowan
- Centre de Recherches du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, 900 rue Saint-Denis, Montréal, Canada H2X 0A9
| | - Timothy E Kennedy
- Montreal Neurological Institute, 3801 University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 2B4 Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, 3801 University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 2B4 Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, 3640 University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 0C7
| | - Jean-François Cloutier
- Montreal Neurological Institute, 3801 University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 2B4 Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, 3801 University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 2B4 Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, 3640 University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 0C7
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Trim9 Deletion Alters the Morphogenesis of Developing and Adult-Born Hippocampal Neurons and Impairs Spatial Learning and Memory. J Neurosci 2017; 36:4940-58. [PMID: 27147649 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3876-15.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED During hippocampal development, newly born neurons migrate to appropriate destinations, extend axons, and ramify dendritic arbors to establish functional circuitry. These developmental stages are recapitulated in the dentate gyrus of the adult hippocampus, where neurons are continuously generated and subsequently incorporate into existing, local circuitry. Here we demonstrate that the E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM9 regulates these developmental stages in embryonic and adult-born mouse hippocampal neurons in vitro and in vivo Embryonic hippocampal and adult-born dentate granule neurons lacking Trim9 exhibit several morphological defects, including excessive dendritic arborization. Although gross anatomy of the hippocampus was not detectably altered by Trim9 deletion, a significant number of Trim9(-/-) adult-born dentate neurons localized inappropriately. These morphological and localization defects of hippocampal neurons in Trim9(-/-) mice were associated with extreme deficits in spatial learning and memory, suggesting that TRIM9-directed neuronal morphogenesis may be involved in hippocampal-dependent behaviors. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Appropriate generation and incorporation of adult-born neurons in the dentate gyrus are critical for spatial learning and memory and other hippocampal functions. Here we identify the brain-enriched E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM9 as a novel regulator of embryonic and adult hippocampal neuron shape acquisition and hippocampal-dependent behaviors. Genetic deletion of Trim9 elevated dendritic arborization of hippocampal neurons in vitro and in vivo Adult-born dentate granule cells lacking Trim9 similarly exhibited excessive dendritic arborization and mislocalization of cell bodies in vivo These cellular defects were associated with severe deficits in spatial learning and memory.
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22
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Hong N, Kim MH, Min CK, Kim HJ, Lee JH. The co-expression of Neogenin with SOX2 in hippocampal neurons. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.06.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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23
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Neogenin Promotes BMP2 Activation of YAP and Smad1 and Enhances Astrocytic Differentiation in Developing Mouse Neocortex. J Neurosci 2017; 36:5833-49. [PMID: 27225772 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.4487-15.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Neogenin, a DCC (deleted in colorectal cancer) family receptor, is highly expressed in neural stem cells (NSCs). However, its function in NSCs remains to be explored. Here we provide in vitro and in vivo evidence for neogenin's function in NSCs to promote neocortical astrogliogenesis, but not self-renewal or neural differentiation. Mechanistically, neogenin in neocortical NSCs was required for BMP2 activation of YAP (yes associated protein). The active/nuclear YAP stabilized phospho-Smad1/5/8 and was necessary for BMP2 induction of astrocytic differentiation. Deletion of yap in mouse neocortical NSCs caused a similar deficit in neocortical astrogliogenesis as that in neogenin mutant mice. Expression of YAP in neogenin mutant NSCs diminished the astrocytic differentiation deficit in response to BMP2. Together, these results reveal an unrecognized function of neogenin in increasing neocortical astrogliogenesis, and identify a pathway of BMP2-neogenin-YAP-Smad1 for astrocytic differentiation in developing mouse neocortex. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Astrocytes, a major type of glial cells in the brain, play important roles in modulating synaptic transmission and information processing, and maintaining CNS homeostasis. The abnormal astrocytic differentiation during development contributes to dysfunctions of synaptic plasticity and neuropsychological disorders. Here we provide evidence for neogenin's function in regulation of the neocortical astrocyte differentiation during mouse brain development. We also provide evidence for the necessity of neogenin in BMP2/Smad1-induced astrocyte differentiation through YAP. Thus, our findings identify an unrecognized function of neogenin in mouse neocortical astrocyte differentiation, and suggest a signaling pathway, BMP2-neogenin-YAP-Smad1, underlying astrogliogenesis in developing mouse neocortex.
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O’Leary CJ, Nourse CC, Lee NK, White A, Langford M, Sempert K, Cole SJ, Cooper HM. Neogenin Recruitment of the WAVE Regulatory Complex to Ependymal and Radial Progenitor Adherens Junctions Prevents Hydrocephalus. Cell Rep 2017; 20:370-383. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.06.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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de la Rosa-Prieto C, Laterza C, Gonzalez-Ramos A, Wattananit S, Ge R, Lindvall O, Tornero D, Kokaia Z. Stroke alters behavior of human skin-derived neural progenitors after transplantation adjacent to neurogenic area in rat brain. Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:59. [PMID: 28279192 PMCID: PMC5345149 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0513-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Intracerebral transplantation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can ameliorate behavioral deficits in animal models of stroke. How the ischemic lesion affects the survival of the transplanted cells, their proliferation, migration, differentiation, and function is only partly understood. Methods Here we have assessed the influence of the stroke-induced injury on grafts of human skin iPSCs-derived long-term neuroepithelial-like stem cells using transplantation into the rostral migratory stream (RMS), adjacent to the neurogenic subventricular zone, in adult rats as a model system. Results We show that the occurrence of an ischemic lesion, induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion, in the striatum close to the transplant does not alter the survival, proliferation, or generation of neuroblasts or mature neurons or astrocytes from the grafted progenitors. In contrast, the migration and axonal projection patterns of the transplanted cells are markedly influenced. In the intact brain, the grafted cells send many fibers to the main olfactory bulb through the RMS and a few of them migrate in the same direction, reaching the first one third of this pathway. In the stroke-injured brain, on the other hand, the grafted cells only migrate toward the ischemic lesion and virtually no axonal outgrowth is observed in the RMS. Conclusions Our findings indicate that signals released from the stroke-injured area regulate the migration of and fiber outgrowth from grafted human skin-derived neural progenitors and overcome the influence on these cellular properties exerted by the neurogenic area/RMS in the intact brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos de la Rosa-Prieto
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Restorative Neurology, Lund Stem Cell Center, University Hospital, 221 84, Lund, Sweden.,Present address: Laboratory of Human Neuroanatomy, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, CRIB, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 02008, Albacete, Spain
| | - Cecilia Laterza
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Restorative Neurology, Lund Stem Cell Center, University Hospital, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ana Gonzalez-Ramos
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Restorative Neurology, Lund Stem Cell Center, University Hospital, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Somsak Wattananit
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Restorative Neurology, Lund Stem Cell Center, University Hospital, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ruimin Ge
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Restorative Neurology, Lund Stem Cell Center, University Hospital, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Olle Lindvall
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Restorative Neurology, Lund Stem Cell Center, University Hospital, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Daniel Tornero
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Restorative Neurology, Lund Stem Cell Center, University Hospital, 221 84, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Zaal Kokaia
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Restorative Neurology, Lund Stem Cell Center, University Hospital, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
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He X, Lu Y, Lin X, Jiang L, Tang Y, Tang G, Chen X, Zhang Z, Wang Y, Yang GY. Optical inhibition of striatal neurons promotes focal neurogenesis and neurobehavioral recovery in mice after middle cerebral artery occlusion. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2017; 37:837-847. [PMID: 27055780 PMCID: PMC5363463 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x16642242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Striatal neurons regulate the activity of neural progenitor cells in the subventricular zone, but the effect of striatal neuronal activity on neurogenesis after ischemic stroke is unclear. In this study, we used optogenetic tools to investigate the impact of striatal neuronal activity on the neurogenesis and functional recovery after cerebral ischemia. We transfected striatal neurons with channelrhodopsin-2 or halorhodopsin from Natronomonas so that they can be excited by 473 nm laser or inhibited by 594 nm laser, respectively. Neural inhibition but not excitation at 4-7 days after middle cerebral artery occlusion resulted in reduced atrophy volume (6.8 ± 0.7 vs 8.5 ± 1.2 mm3, p < 0.05) and better performance represented by longer sustaining time on rotarod (99.3 ± 9 vs 80.1 ± 11 s, p < 0.01) and faster moving speed (7.7 ± 2 vs 5.7 ± 1.1 cm/s, p < 0.05) in open field tests. Furthermore, neural inhibition increased the number of nestin+, BrdU+/doublecortin+ and BrdU+/NeuN+ cells ( p < 0.001) in the subventricular zone and peri-focal region, and the expression level of axon guidance factor Netrin-1 (0.39 ± 0.16 vs 0.16 ± 0.02, p < 0.05) in the peri-focal region. These data suggest that striatal neuronal activity plays an important role in regulating neurogenesis and neural-behavioral outcomes, and that inhibiting striatal neurons by optogenetics promotes the recovery after ischemic stroke in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaosong He
- 1 Department of Human Anatomy, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,2 Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Research Center, Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifan Lu
- 2 Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Research Center, Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojie Lin
- 2 Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Research Center, Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Jiang
- 2 Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Research Center, Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaohui Tang
- 2 Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Research Center, Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guanghui Tang
- 2 Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Research Center, Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- 2 Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Research Center, Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- 2 Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Research Center, Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongting Wang
- 2 Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Research Center, Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,3 Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guo-Yuan Yang
- 2 Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Research Center, Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,4 Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Huang Z, Xiong WC. Neogenin-YAP signaling in neocortical astrocytic differentiation. NEUROGENESIS 2016; 3:e1248735. [PMID: 28405584 DOI: 10.1080/23262133.2016.1248735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 08/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes, a major type of glial cells in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS), have a wide variety of physiological functions, including formation of the blood brain barrier, and modulation of synaptic transmission and information processing, and maintenance of CNS homeostasis. The signaling pathway initiated by bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) is critical for astrogliogenesis. However, exactly how this pathway regulates astrogliogenesis remains poorly understood. We have recently provided in vitro and in vivo evidence for neogenin's function in neural stem cells (NSCs) to promote neocortical astrogliogenesis. Neogenin in NSCs as well as astrocytes is required for BMP2 activation of RhoA that promotes YAP (yes-associated protein) nuclear translocation, consequently, YAP interaction with nuclear p-Smad1/5/8, and stabilization of Smad1/5/8 signaling. We have also provided evidence that YAP in NSCs is necessary for neocortical astrogliogenesis, and expression of YAP in neogenin deficient NSCs diminishes the astrogliogenesis deficit. These recent findings identify an unrecognized function of neogenin in promoting neocortical astrogliogenesis, and reveal a pathway of BMP2-neogenin-YAP-Smad1 underlying astrogliogenesis in developing mouse neocortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Huang
- Department of Neuroscience & Regenerative Medicine and Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA; Institute of Hypoxia Medicine and Institute of Neuroscience, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wen-Cheng Xiong
- Department of Neuroscience & Regenerative Medicine and Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University , Augusta, GA, USA
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Lu H, Song X, Wang F, Wang G, Wu Y, Wang Q, Wang Y, Yang GY, Zhang Z. Hyperexpressed Netrin-1 Promoted Neural Stem Cells Migration in Mice after Focal Cerebral Ischemia. Front Cell Neurosci 2016; 10:223. [PMID: 27746720 PMCID: PMC5042963 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2016.00223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Endogenous Netrin-1 (NT-1) protein was significantly increased after cerebral ischemia, which may participate in the repair after transient cerebral ischemic injury. In this work, we explored whether NT-1 can be steadily overexpressed by adeno-associated virus (AAV) and the exogenous NT-1 can promote neural stem cells migration from the subventricular zone (SVZ) region after cerebral ischemia. Adult CD-1 mice were injected stereotacticly with AAV carrying NT-1 gene (AAV-NT-1). Mice underwent 60 min of middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion 1 week after injection. We found that NT-1 mainly expressed in neuron and astrocyte, and the expression level of NT-1 significantly increased 1 week after AAV-NT-1 gene transfer and lasted for 28 days, even after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) as well (p < 0.05). Immunohistochemistry results showed that the number of neural stem cells was greatly increased in the SVZ region of AAV-NT-1-transduced mice compared with control mice. Our study showed that overexpressed NT-1 promoted neural stem cells migration from SVZ. This result suggested that NT-1 is a promising factor for repairing and remodeling after focal cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Lu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyan Song
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University Shanghai, China
| | - Guodong Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University Shanghai, China
| | - Yuncheng Wu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University Shanghai, China
| | - Qiaoshu Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University Shanghai, China
| | - Yongting Wang
- Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Research Center, Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai, China
| | - Guo-Yuan Yang
- Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Research Center, Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai, China
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Research Center, Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai, China
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Lee NK, Fok KW, White A, Wilson NH, O'Leary CJ, Cox HL, Michael M, Yap AS, Cooper HM. Neogenin recruitment of the WAVE regulatory complex maintains adherens junction stability and tension. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11082. [PMID: 27029596 PMCID: PMC4821876 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
To maintain tissue integrity during epithelial morphogenesis, adherens junctions (AJs) must resist the mechanical stresses exerted by dynamic tissue movements. Junctional stability is dependent on actomyosin contractility within the actin ring. Here we describe a novel function for the axon guidance receptor, Neogenin, as a key component of the actin nucleation machinery governing junctional stability. Loss of Neogenin perturbs AJs and attenuates junctional tension. Neogenin promotes actin nucleation at AJs by recruiting the Wave regulatory complex (WRC) and Arp2/3. A direct interaction between the Neogenin WIRS domain and the WRC is crucial for the spatially restricted recruitment of the WRC to the junction. Thus, we provide the first example of a functional WIRS–WRC interaction in epithelia. We further show that Neogenin regulates cadherin recycling at the AJ. In summary, we identify Neogenin as a pivotal component of the AJ, where it influences both cadherin dynamics and junctional tension. The stability of epithelial adherens junctions depends on tension generated by actomyosin contractility. Here Lee et al. describe a novel role for the axon guidance receptor Neogenin in maintaining junctional stability by recruiting actin nucleation machinery to adherens junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie K Lee
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Ka Wai Fok
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Amanda White
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Nicole H Wilson
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Conor J O'Leary
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Hayley L Cox
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Magdalene Michael
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Alpha S Yap
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Helen M Cooper
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
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Xu CJ, Wang JL, Jin WL. The Neural Stem Cell Microenvironment: Focusing on Axon Guidance Molecules and Myelin-Associated Factors. J Mol Neurosci 2015; 56:887-897. [PMID: 25757451 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-015-0538-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) could produce various cell phenotypes in the subventricular zone (SVZ) and dentate gyrus of the hippocampus in the central nervous system (CNS), where neurogenesis has been determined to occur. The extracellular microenvironment also influences the behaviors of NSCs during development and at CNS injury sites. Our previous study indicates that myelin, a component of the CNS, could regulate the differentiation of NSCs in vitro. Recent reports have implicated three myelin-derived inhibitors, NogoA, myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG), and oligodendrocyte-myelin glycoprotein (OMgp), as well as several axon guidance molecules as regulators of NSC survival, proliferation, migration, and differentiation. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the behavior of NSCs are not fully understood. In this study, we summarize the current literature on the effects of different extrinsic factors on NSCs and discuss possible mechanisms, as well as future possible clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Jin Xu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Institute of Neuroscience, Wenzhou Medical University, University town, Cha Shan, Zhejiang, 325035, China.
| | - Jun-Ling Wang
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Wei-Lin Jin
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Electronic Information and Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China. .,School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dong Chuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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