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Huang LC, McKeown CR, He HY, Ta AC, Cline HT. BRCA1 and ELK-1 regulate neural progenitor cell fate in the optic tectum in response to visual experience in Xenopus laevis tadpoles. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2316542121. [PMID: 38198524 PMCID: PMC10801852 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2316542121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In developing Xenopus tadpoles, the optic tectum begins to receive patterned visual input while visuomotor circuits are still undergoing neurogenesis and circuit assembly. This visual input regulates neural progenitor cell fate decisions such that maintaining tadpoles in the dark increases proliferation, expanding the progenitor pool, while visual stimulation promotes neuronal differentiation. To identify regulators of activity-dependent neural progenitor cell fate, we profiled the transcriptomes of proliferating neural progenitor cells and newly differentiated neurons using RNA-Seq. We used advanced bioinformatic analysis of 1,130 differentially expressed transcripts to identify six differentially regulated transcriptional regulators, including Breast Cancer 1 (BRCA1) and the ETS-family transcription factor, ELK-1, which are predicted to regulate the majority of the other differentially expressed transcripts. BRCA1 is known for its role in cancers, but relatively little is known about its potential role in regulating neural progenitor cell fate. ELK-1 is a multifunctional transcription factor which regulates immediate early gene expression. We investigated the potential functions of BRCA1 and ELK-1 in activity-regulated neurogenesis in the tadpole visual system using in vivo time-lapse imaging to monitor the fate of GFP-expressing SOX2+ neural progenitor cells in the optic tectum. Our longitudinal in vivo imaging analysis showed that knockdown of either BRCA1 or ELK-1 altered the fates of neural progenitor cells and furthermore that the effects of visual experience on neurogenesis depend on BRCA1 and ELK-1 expression. These studies provide insight into the potential mechanisms by which neural activity affects neural progenitor cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Chien Huang
- Department of Neuroscience, Dorris Neuroscience Center, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA92037
| | - Caroline R. McKeown
- Department of Neuroscience, Dorris Neuroscience Center, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA92037
| | - Hai-Yan He
- Department of Neuroscience, Dorris Neuroscience Center, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA92037
| | - Aaron C. Ta
- Department of Neuroscience, Dorris Neuroscience Center, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA92037
| | - Hollis T. Cline
- Department of Neuroscience, Dorris Neuroscience Center, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA92037
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2
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Guo X, Jiang C, Chen Z, Wang X, Hong F, Hao D. Regulation of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway in spinal cord injury: an updated review. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1276445. [PMID: 38022526 PMCID: PMC10663250 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1276445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytokines are involved in neural homeostasis and pathological processes associated with neuroinflammation after spinal cord injury (SCI). The biological effect of cytokines, including those associated with acute or chronic SCI pathologies, are the result of receptor-mediated signaling through the Janus kinases (JAKs) as well as the signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) DNA-binding protein families. Although therapies targeting at cytokines have led to significant changes in the treatment of SCI, they present difficulties in various aspects for the direct use by patients themselves. Several small-molecule inhibitors of JAKs, which may affect multiple pro-inflammatory cytokine-dependent pathways, as well as STATs, are in clinical development for the treatment of SCI. This review describes the current understanding of the JAK-STAT signaling in neuroendocrine homeostasis and diseases, together with the rationale for targeting at this pathway for the treatment of SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Guo
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Chao Jiang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Zhe Chen
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Fan Hong
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Dingjun Hao
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
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3
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Sarapultsev A, Gusev E, Komelkova M, Utepova I, Luo S, Hu D. JAK-STAT signaling in inflammation and stress-related diseases: implications for therapeutic interventions. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2023; 4:40. [PMID: 37938494 PMCID: PMC10632324 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-023-00151-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The Janus kinase-signal transducer and transcription activator pathway (JAK-STAT) serves as a cornerstone in cellular signaling, regulating physiological and pathological processes such as inflammation and stress. Dysregulation in this pathway can lead to severe immunodeficiencies and malignancies, and its role extends to neurotransduction and pro-inflammatory signaling mechanisms. Although JAK inhibitors (Jakinibs) have successfully treated immunological and inflammatory disorders, their application has generally been limited to diseases with similar pathogenic features. Despite the modest expression of JAK-STAT in the CNS, it is crucial for functions in the cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum, making it relevant in conditions like Parkinson's disease and other neuroinflammatory disorders. Furthermore, the influence of the pathway on serotonin receptors and phospholipase C has implications for stress and mood disorders. This review expands the understanding of JAK-STAT, moving beyond traditional immunological contexts to explore its role in stress-related disorders and CNS function. Recent findings, such as the effectiveness of Jakinibs in chronic conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, expand their therapeutic applicability. Advances in isoform-specific inhibitors, including filgotinib and upadacitinib, promise greater specificity with fewer off-target effects. Combination therapies, involving Jakinibs and monoclonal antibodies, aiming to enhance therapeutic specificity and efficacy also give great hope. Overall, this review bridges the gap between basic science and clinical application, elucidating the complex influence of the JAK-STAT pathway on human health and guiding future interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Sarapultsev
- Russian-Chinese Education and Research Center of System Pathology, South Ural State University, 454080, Chelyabinsk, Russia.
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 620049, Ekaterinburg, Russia.
| | - Evgenii Gusev
- Russian-Chinese Education and Research Center of System Pathology, South Ural State University, 454080, Chelyabinsk, Russia
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 620049, Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Maria Komelkova
- Russian-Chinese Education and Research Center of System Pathology, South Ural State University, 454080, Chelyabinsk, Russia
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 620049, Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Irina Utepova
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 620049, Ekaterinburg, Russia
- Department of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Ural Federal University, 620002, Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation
| | - Shanshan Luo
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Desheng Hu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, The Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Clinical Research Center of Cancer Immunotherapy, Hubei Wuhan, 430022, China
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4
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Li HH, Liu Y, Chen HS, Wang J, Li YK, Zhao Y, Sun R, He JG, Wang F, Chen JG. PDGF-BB-Dependent Neurogenesis Buffers Depressive-Like Behaviors by Inhibition of GABAergic Projection from Medial Septum to Dentate Gyrus. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023:e2301110. [PMID: 37325895 PMCID: PMC10401107 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202301110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Hippocampal circuitry stimulation is sufficient to regulate adult hippocampal neurogenesis and ameliorate depressive-like behavior, but its underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, it is shown that inhibition of medial septum (MS)-dentate gyrus (DG) circuit reverses the chronic social defeat stress (CSDS)-induced depression-like behavior. Further analysis exhibits that inhibition of gamma-aminobutyric acidergic neurons in MS projecting to the DG (MSGABA+ -DG) increases the expression of platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) in somatostatin (SOM) positive interneurons of DG, which contributes to the antidepressant-like effects. Overexpression of the PDGF-BB or exogenous administration of PDGF-BB in DG rescues the effect of chronic stress on the inhibition of neural stem cells (NSCs) proliferation and dendritic growth of adult-born hippocampal neurons, as well as on depressive-like behaviors. Conversely, knockdown of PDGF-BB facilitates CSDS-induced deficit of hippocampal neurogenesis and promotes the susceptibility to chronic stress in mice. Finally, conditional knockdown platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta (PDGFRβ) in NSCs blocks an increase in NSCs proliferation and the antidepressant effects of PDGF-BB. These results delineate a previously unidentified PDGF-BB/PDGFRβ signaling in regulating depressive-like behaviors and identify a novel mechanism by which the MSGABA+ -DG pathway regulates the expression of PDGF-BB in SOM-positive interneurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hou-Hong Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Hong-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ji Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yu-Ke Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Rui Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jin-Gang He
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430030, China
- The Research Center for Depression, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science, Wuhan, 430030, China
- The Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases (HUST), Ministry of Education of China, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430030, China
- The Research Center for Depression, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science, Wuhan, 430030, China
- The Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases (HUST), Ministry of Education of China, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jian-Guo Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430030, China
- The Research Center for Depression, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science, Wuhan, 430030, China
- The Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases (HUST), Ministry of Education of China, Wuhan, 430030, China
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5
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Moazeny M, Dehbashi M, Hojati Z, Esmaeili F. Investigating neural differentiation of mouse P19 embryonic stem cells in a time-dependent manner by bioinformatic, microscopic and transcriptional analyses. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:2183-2194. [PMID: 36565416 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-08166-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As an available cell line, mouse pluripotent P19 has been widely employed for neuronal differentiation studies. In this research, by applying the in vitro differentiation of this cell line into neuron-like cells through retinoic acid (RA) treatment, the roles of some genes including DNMT3B, ICAM1, IRX3, JAK2, LHX1, SOX9, TBX3 and THY1 in neural differentiation was investigated. METHODS AND RESULTS Bioinformatics, microscopic, and transcriptional studies were conducted in a time-dependent manner after RA-induced neural differentiation. According to bioinformatics studies, we determined the engagement of the metabolic and developmental super-pathways and pathways in neural cell differentiation, particularly focusing on the considered genes. According to our qRT-PCR analyses, JAK2, SOX9, TBX3, LHX1 and IRX3 genes were found to be significantly overexpressed in a time-dependent manner (p < 0.05). In addition, the significant downregulation of THY1, DNMT3B and ICAM1 genes was observed during the experiment (p < 0.05). The optical microscopic investigation showed that the specialized extensions of the neuron-like cells were revealed on day 8 after RA treatment. CONCLUSION Accordingly, the neural differentiation of P19 cell line and the role of the considered genes during the differentiation were proved. However, our results warrant further in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Moazeny
- Division of Genetics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, 81746-73441, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Moein Dehbashi
- Division of Genetics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, 81746-73441, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zohreh Hojati
- Division of Genetics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, 81746-73441, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Fariba Esmaeili
- Division of Animal Sciences, Department of Plant and Animal Biology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, 81746-73441, Isfahan, Iran
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6
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Kumar S, Mehan S, Narula AS. Therapeutic modulation of JAK-STAT, mTOR, and PPAR-γ signaling in neurological dysfunctions. J Mol Med (Berl) 2023; 101:9-49. [PMID: 36478124 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-022-02272-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The cytokine-activated Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) cascade is a pleiotropic pathway that involves receptor subunit multimerization. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a ubiquitously expressed serine-threonine kinase that perceives and integrates a variety of intracellular and environmental stimuli to regulate essential activities such as cell development and metabolism. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ) is a prototypical metabolic nuclear receptor involved in neural differentiation and axon polarity. The JAK-STAT, mTOR, and PPARγ signaling pathways serve as a highly conserved signaling hub that coordinates neuronal activity and brain development. Additionally, overactivation of JAK/STAT, mTOR, and inhibition of PPARγ signaling have been linked to various neurocomplications, including neuroinflammation, apoptosis, and oxidative stress. Emerging research suggests that even minor disruptions in these cellular and molecular processes can have significant consequences manifested as neurological and neuropsychiatric diseases. Of interest, target modulators have been proven to alleviate neuronal complications associated with acute and chronic neurological deficits. This research-based review explores the therapeutic role of JAK-STAT, mTOR, and PPARγ signaling modulators in preventing neuronal dysfunctions in preclinical and clinical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Kumar
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Punjab, Moga, India
| | - Sidharth Mehan
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Punjab, Moga, India.
| | - Acharan S Narula
- Narula Research, LLC, 107 Boulder Bluff, Chapel Hill, NC, 27516, USA
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7
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Deng F, Li X, Tang C, Chen J, Fan B, Liang J, Zhen X, Tao R, Zhang S, Cong Z, Du W, Zhao H, Xu L. Mechanisms of Xiong-Pi-Fang in treating coronary heart disease associated with depression: A systematic pharmacology strategy and in vivo pharmacological validation. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 298:115631. [PMID: 35987411 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronary heart disease (CHD) and depression are very common and often co-existing disorders. Xiong-Pi-Fang (XPF), a therapeutic classical traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula, has shown satisfactory efficacy in treating CHD associated with depression. However, its mechanism of action is still unknown. PURPOSE To employ a systematic pharmacology approach for identifying the action mechanisms of XPF in treating CHD associated with depression. METHODS We used a systematic pharmacology approach to identify the potential active mechanisms of XPF in treating CHD with depression. Potential active compounds in XPF and the diseases targets were screened using relevant databases to build corresponding pathways, following the experiments that were conducted to confirm whether the presumptive results of systemic pharmacology were correct. RESULTS Network pharmacology predicted 42 key targets and 20 signaling pathways involved in XPF-mediated treatment, with IL-6/JAK2/STAT3/HIF-1α/VEGF-A pathway significantly affected. The common influences were hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA axis) and glucocorticoid signaling, validated through chronic unexpected mild stress (CUMS) with isoprenaline (ISO) for inducing CHD within the depression model in rats. In addition, XPF intake reduced depressive-like behaviors and improved ECG ischemic changes. Furthermore, XPF exerted some anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the interleukin-6 (IL-6) induced phosphorylation of janus kinase 2 (JAK2) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), ultimately downregulating hypoxia-inducible factor 1-α (HIF-1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) activation. The dysfunctional HPA axis feedback loop was also regulated, which enhanced the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) expression. In contrast, it improved glucocorticoid resistance by reducing the mineralocorticoid receptor expression. CONCLUSIONS Suppressing IL-6 release and maintaining the HPA feedback loop balance could be the primary mechanism of XPF against CHD with depression. The significance of the IL-6 and HPA axis identified indicates their potential as essential targets for CHD therapy with depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangjuan Deng
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of TCM, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of TCM, Tianjin, 300150, China
| | - Cheng Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Jinhong Chen
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of TCM, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Boya Fan
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of TCM, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Jiayu Liang
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of TCM, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Xin Zhen
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of TCM, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Rui Tao
- Department of TCM, Tianjin University of TCM, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Shaoqiang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of TCM, Tianjin, 300150, China
| | - Zidong Cong
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of TCM, Tianjin, 300150, China
| | - Wuxun Du
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of TCM, Tianjin, 300150, China.
| | - Hucheng Zhao
- Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Liang Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China; Tianjin Medical College, Tianjin, 300222, China.
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8
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Baldassari S, Cervetto C, Amato S, Fruscione F, Balagura G, Pelassa S, Musante I, Iacomino M, Traverso M, Corradi A, Scudieri P, Maura G, Marcoli M, Zara F. Vesicular Glutamate Release from Feeder-FreehiPSC-Derived Neurons. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810545. [PMID: 36142455 PMCID: PMC9501332 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) represent one of the main and powerful tools for the in vitro modeling of neurological diseases. Standard hiPSC-based protocols make use of animal-derived feeder systems to better support the neuronal differentiation process. Despite their efficiency, such protocols may not be appropriate to dissect neuronal specific properties or to avoid interspecies contaminations, hindering their future translation into clinical and drug discovery approaches. In this work, we focused on the optimization of a reproducible protocol in feeder-free conditions able to generate functional glutamatergic neurons. This protocol is based on a generation of neuroprecursor cells differentiated into human neurons with the administration in the culture medium of specific neurotrophins in a Geltrex-coated substrate. We confirmed the efficiency of this protocol through molecular analysis (upregulation of neuronal markers and neurotransmitter receptors assessed by gene expression profiling and expression of the neuronal markers at the protein level), morphological analysis, and immunfluorescence detection of pre-synaptic and post-synaptic markers at synaptic boutons. The hiPSC-derived neurons acquired Ca2+-dependent glutamate release properties as a hallmark of neuronal maturation. In conclusion, our study describes a new methodological approach to achieve feeder-free neuronal differentiation from hiPSC and adds a new tool for functional characterization of hiPSC-derived neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Baldassari
- Unit of Medical Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via G. Gaslini 5, 16147 Genova, Italy
| | - Chiara Cervetto
- Department of Pharmacy (DIFAR), Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy
- Interuniversity Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching and Research (Centro 3R), 56100 Pisa, Italy
- Correspondence: (C.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Sarah Amato
- Department of Pharmacy (DIFAR), Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy
| | - Floriana Fruscione
- Unit of Medical Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via G. Gaslini 5, 16147 Genova, Italy
| | - Ganna Balagura
- Unit of Medical Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via G. Gaslini 5, 16147 Genova, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Largo Paolo Daneo 3, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Simone Pelassa
- Department of Pharmacy (DIFAR), Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy
| | - Ilaria Musante
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Largo Paolo Daneo 3, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Michele Iacomino
- Unit of Medical Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via G. Gaslini 5, 16147 Genova, Italy
| | - Monica Traverso
- Paediatric Neurology and Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via G. Gaslini 5, 16147 Genova, Italy
| | - Anna Corradi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 3, 16132 Genova, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Paolo Scudieri
- Unit of Medical Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via G. Gaslini 5, 16147 Genova, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Largo Paolo Daneo 3, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Guido Maura
- Department of Pharmacy (DIFAR), Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy
| | - Manuela Marcoli
- Department of Pharmacy (DIFAR), Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy
- Interuniversity Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching and Research (Centro 3R), 56100 Pisa, Italy
- Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, Viale Benedetto XV, 16132 Genova, Italy
- Correspondence: (C.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Federico Zara
- Unit of Medical Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via G. Gaslini 5, 16147 Genova, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Largo Paolo Daneo 3, 16132 Genova, Italy
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9
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Manzari-Tavakoli A, Babajani A, Farjoo MH, Hajinasrollah M, Bahrami S, Niknejad H. The Cross-Talks Among Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) Signaling and Other Prominent Pathways Involved in Neural Differentiation. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:827275. [PMID: 35370542 PMCID: PMC8965007 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.827275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are a group of potent morphogens which are critical for the patterning, development, and function of the central nervous system. The appropriate function of the BMP pathway depends on its interaction with other signaling pathways involved in neural differentiation, leading to synergistic or antagonistic effects and ultimately favorable biological outcomes. These opposite or cooperative effects are observed when BMP interacts with fibroblast growth factor (FGF), cytokines, Notch, Sonic Hedgehog (Shh), and Wnt pathways to regulate the impact of BMP-induced signaling in neural differentiation. Herein, we review the cross-talk between BMP signaling and the prominent signaling pathways involved in neural differentiation, emphasizing the underlying basic molecular mechanisms regarding the process of neural differentiation. Knowing these cross-talks can help us to develop new approaches in regenerative medicine and stem cell based therapy. Recently, cell therapy has received significant attention as a promising treatment for traumatic or neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, it is important to know the signaling pathways involved in stem cell differentiation toward neural cells. Our better insight into the cross-talk of signaling pathways during neural development would improve neural differentiation within in vitro tissue engineering approaches and pre-clinical practices and develop futuristic therapeutic strategies for patients with neurological disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Manzari-Tavakoli
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Rayan Center for Neuroscience & Behavior, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhesam Babajani
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hadi Farjoo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Hajinasrollah
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Sciences Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soheyl Bahrami
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology in AUVA Research Center, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hassan Niknejad
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- *Correspondence: Hassan Niknejad
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10
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Pansri P, Phanthong P, Suthprasertporn N, Kitiyanant Y, Tubsuwan A, Dinnyes A, Kobolak J, Kitiyanant N. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor increases cell number of neural progenitor cells derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11388. [PMID: 34026357 PMCID: PMC8123227 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Several pieces of evidence from in vitro studies showed that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) promotes proliferation and differentiation of neural stem/progenitor cells (NSCs) into neurons. Moreover, the JAK2 pathway was proposed to be associated with mouse NSC proliferation. BDNF could activate the STAT-3 pathway and induce proliferation in mouse NSCs. However, its effects on proliferation are not fully understood and JAK/STAT pathway was proposed to play a role in this activity. Methods In the present study, the effects of BDNF on cell proliferation and neurite outgrowth of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs)-derived human neural progenitor cells (hNPCs) were examined. Moreover, a specific signal transduction pathway important in cell proliferation was investigated using a JAK2 inhibitor (AG490) to clarify the role of that pathway. Results The proliferative effect of BDNF was remarkably observed as an increase in Ki-67 positive cells. The cell number of hNPCs was significantly increased after BDNF treatment represented by cellular metabolic activity of the cells measured by MTT assay. This noticeable effect was statistically shown at 20 ng/ml of BDNF treatment. BDNF, however, did not promote neurite outgrowth but increased neuronal cell number. It was found that AG490 suppressed hNPCs proliferation. However, this inhibitor partially decreased BDNF-induced hNPCs proliferation. These results demonstrated the potential role of BDNF for the amelioration of AD through the increase of AD-derived hNPCs number.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panetha Pansri
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,BioTalentum Ltd., Gödöllö, Hungary
| | - Phetcharat Phanthong
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nopparat Suthprasertporn
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Yindee Kitiyanant
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Alisa Tubsuwan
- Molecular Medical Biosciences Cluster, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Andras Dinnyes
- BioTalentum Ltd., Gödöllö, Hungary.,HCEMM-USZ StemCell Research Group, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,Department of Physiology and Animal Health, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gödöllö, Hungary
| | | | - Narisorn Kitiyanant
- Molecular Medical Biosciences Cluster, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
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11
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Zheng Y, Huang Z, Xu J, Hou K, Yu Y, Lv S, Chen L, Li Y, Quan C, Chi G. MiR-124 and Small Molecules Synergistically Regulate the Generation of Neuronal Cells from Rat Cortical Reactive Astrocytes. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:2447-2464. [PMID: 33725319 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02345-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Irreversible neuron loss caused by central nervous system injuries usually leads to persistent neurological dysfunction. Reactive astrocytes, because of their high proliferative capacity, proximity to neuronal lineage, and significant involvement in glial scarring, are ideal starting cells for neuronal regeneration. Having previously identified several small molecules as important regulators of astrocyte-to-neuron reprogramming, we established herein that miR-124, ruxolitinib, SB203580, and forskolin could co-regulate rat cortical reactive astrocyte-to-neuron conversion. The induced cells had reduced astroglial properties, displayed typical neuronal morphologies, and expressed neuronal markers, reflecting 25.9% of cholinergic neurons and 22.3% of glutamatergic neurons. Gene analysis revealed that induced neuron gene expression patterns were more similar to that of primary neurons than of initial reactive astrocytes. On the molecular level, miR-124-driven neuronal differentiation of reactive astrocytes was via targeting of the SOX9-NFIA-HES1 axis to inhibit HES1 expression. In conclusion, we present a novel approach to inducing endogenous rat cortical reactive astrocytes into neurons through co-regulation involving miR-124 and three small molecules. Thus, our research has potential implications for inhibiting glial scar formation and promoting neuronal regeneration after central nervous system injury or disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Zheng
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Zhehao Huang
- China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, 126 Xiantai Street, Changchun, 130031, Jilin, China
| | - Jinying Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Kun Hou
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, No. 1 Xinmin Avenue, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Yifei Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Shuang Lv
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Lin Chen
- China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, 126 Xiantai Street, Changchun, 130031, Jilin, China
| | - Yulin Li
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China.
| | - Chengshi Quan
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China.
| | - Guangfan Chi
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China.
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12
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Guo R, Li J, Chen C, Xiao M, Liao M, Hu Y, Liu Y, Li D, Zou J, Sun D, Torre V, Zhang Q, Chai R, Tang M. Biomimetic 3D bacterial cellulose-graphene foam hybrid scaffold regulates neural stem cell proliferation and differentiation. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 200:111590. [PMID: 33529926 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.111590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Neural stem cell (NSC)-based therapy is a promising candidate for treating neurodegenerative diseases and the preclinical researches call an urgent need for regulating the growth and differentiation of such cells. The recognition that three-dimensional culture has the potential to be a biologically significant system has stimulated an extraordinary impetus for scientific researches in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Here, A novel scaffold for culturing NSCs, three-dimensional bacterial cellulose-graphene foam (3D-BC/G), which was prepared via in situ bacterial cellulose interfacial polymerization on the skeleton surface of porous graphene foam has been reported. 3D-BC/G not only supports NSC growth and adhesion, but also maintains NSC stemness and enhances their proliferative capacity. Further phenotypic analysis indicated that 3D-BC/G induces NSCs to selectively differentiate into neurons, forming a neural network in a short amount of time. The scaffold has good biocompatibility with primary cortical neurons enhancing the neuronal network activities. To explore the underlying mechanisms, RNA-Seq analysis to identify genes and signaling pathways was performed and it suggests that 3D-BC/G offers a more promising three-dimensional conductive substrate for NSC research and neural tissue engineering, and the repertoire of gene expression serves as a basis for further studies to better understand NSC biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Guo
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection and School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China; Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China; Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Jian Li
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Chuntao Chen
- Institute of Chemicobiology and Functional Materials, Key Laboratory for Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Ministry Education, School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiao Ling Wei Street, Nanjing, 210094, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Miao Xiao
- Institute for Cardiovascular Science & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China; International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), via Bonomea 265, Trieste, 34136, Italy
| | - Menghui Liao
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China; Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Yangnan Hu
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China; Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Yun Liu
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China; Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Dan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China; Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Jun Zou
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, China
| | - Dongping Sun
- Institute of Chemicobiology and Functional Materials, Key Laboratory for Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Ministry Education, School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiao Ling Wei Street, Nanjing, 210094, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Vincent Torre
- International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), via Bonomea 265, Trieste, 34136, Italy
| | - Qi Zhang
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection and School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China.
| | - Renjie Chai
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China; Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
| | - Mingliang Tang
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China; Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China; Institute for Cardiovascular Science & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China.
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13
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Lorenzen K, Mathy NW, Whiteford ER, Eischeid A, Chen J, Behrens M, Chen XM, Shibata A. Microglia induce neurogenic protein expression in primary cortical cells by stimulating PI3K/AKT intracellular signaling in vitro. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:563-584. [PMID: 33387198 PMCID: PMC7884585 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-06092-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that microglia can support neurogenesis. Little is known about the mechanisms by which microglia regulate the cortical environment and stimulate cortical neurogenesis. We used an in vitro co-culture model system to investigate the hypothesis that microglia respond to soluble signals from cortical cells, particularly following mechanical injury, to alter the cortical environment and promote cortical cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival. Analyses of cortical cell proliferation, cell death, neurogenic protein expression, and intracellular signaling were performed on uninjured and injured cortical cells in co-culture with microglial cell lines. Microglia soluble cues enhanced cortical cell viability and proliferation cortical cells. Co-culture of injured cortical cells with microglia significantly reduced cell death of cortical cells. Microglial co-culture significantly increased Nestin + and α-internexin + cortical cells. Multiplex ELISA and RT-PCR showed decreased pro-inflammatory cytokine production by microglia co-cultured with injured cortical cells. Inhibition of AKT phosphorylation in cortical cells blocked microglial-enhanced cortical cell viability and expression of neurogenic markers in vitro. This in vitro model system allows for assessment of the effect of microglial-derived soluble signals on cortical cell viability, proliferation, and stages of differentiation during homeostasis or following mechanical injury. These data suggest that microglia cells can downregulate inflammatory cytokine production following activation by mechanical injury to enhance proliferation of new cells capable of neurogenesis via activation of AKT intracellular signaling. Increasing our understanding of the mechanisms that drive microglial-enhanced cortical neurogenesis during homeostasis and following injury in vitro will provide useful information for future primary cell and in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristi Lorenzen
- Biology Department, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Nicholas W Mathy
- Biology Department, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA
- Pediatric Medicine, St. Joseph Heritage Healthcare, Chino Hills, CA, USA
| | - Erin R Whiteford
- Biology Department, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA
- Pediatric Medicine, St. Joseph Heritage Healthcare, Chino Hills, CA, USA
| | - Alex Eischeid
- Biology Department, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA
- Stanford Hospital and Clinics, 300 Pasteur Dr, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jing Chen
- Biology Department, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA
- Pediatric Medicine, St. Joseph Heritage Healthcare, Chino Hills, CA, USA
| | - Matthew Behrens
- Biology Department, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA
- University of Nebraska College of Medicine, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Xian-Ming Chen
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA
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14
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Abstract
One primary reason that makes single-cell RNA-seq analysis challenging is dropouts, where the data only captures a small fraction of the transcriptome of each cell. Almost all computational algorithms developed for single-cell RNA-seq adopted gene selection, dimension reduction or imputation to address the dropouts. Here, an opposite view is explored. Instead of treating dropouts as a problem to be fixed, we embrace it as a useful signal. We represent the dropout pattern by binarizing single-cell RNA-seq count data, and present a co-occurrence clustering algorithm to cluster cells based on the dropout pattern. We demonstrate in multiple published datasets that the binary dropout pattern is as informative as the quantitative expression of highly variable genes for the purpose of identifying cell types. We expect that recognizing the utility of dropouts provides an alternative direction for developing computational algorithms for single-cell RNA-seq analysis.
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15
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Newland B, Ehret F, Hoppe F, Eigel D, Pette D, Newland H, Welzel PB, Kempermann G, Werner C. Macroporous heparin-based microcarriers allow long-term 3D culture and differentiation of neural precursor cells. Biomaterials 2020; 230:119540. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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16
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Shi Y, Guryanova OA, Zhou W, Liu C, Huang Z, Fang X, Wang X, Chen C, Wu Q, He Z, Wang W, Zhang W, Jiang T, Liu Q, Chen Y, Wang W, Wu J, Kim L, Gimple RC, Feng H, Kung HF, Yu JS, Rich JN, Ping YF, Bian XW, Bao S. Ibrutinib inactivates BMX-STAT3 in glioma stem cells to impair malignant growth and radioresistance. Sci Transl Med 2019; 10:10/443/eaah6816. [PMID: 29848664 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aah6816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most lethal primary brain tumor and is highly resistant to current treatments. GBM harbors glioma stem cells (GSCs) that not only initiate and maintain malignant growth but also promote therapeutic resistance including radioresistance. Thus, targeting GSCs is critical for overcoming the resistance to improve GBM treatment. Because the bone marrow and X-linked (BMX) nonreceptor tyrosine kinase is preferentially up-regulated in GSCs relative to nonstem tumor cells and the BMX-mediated activation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is required for maintaining GSC self-renewal and tumorigenic potential, pharmacological inhibition of BMX may suppress GBM growth and reduce therapeutic resistance. We demonstrate that BMX inhibition by ibrutinib potently disrupts GSCs, suppresses GBM malignant growth, and effectively combines with radiotherapy. Ibrutinib markedly disrupts the BMX-mediated STAT3 activation in GSCs but shows minimal effect on neural progenitor cells (NPCs) lacking BMX expression. Mechanistically, BMX bypasses the suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3)-mediated inhibition of Janus kinase 2 (JAK2), whereas NPCs dampen the JAK2-mediated STAT3 activation via the negative regulation by SOCS3, providing a molecular basis for targeting BMX by ibrutinib to specifically eliminate GSCs while preserving NPCs. Our preclinical data suggest that repurposing ibrutinib for targeting GSCs could effectively control GBM tumor growth both as monotherapy and as adjuvant with conventional therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Shi
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University) and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing 400038, China.,Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Olga A Guryanova
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Wenchao Zhou
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Chong Liu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhi Huang
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Xiaoguang Fang
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Xiuxing Wang
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92037, USA
| | - Cong Chen
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University) and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing 400038, China.,Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Qiulian Wu
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92037, USA
| | - Zhicheng He
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University) and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University) and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yaping Chen
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University) and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Wenying Wang
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University) and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jingjing Wu
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University) and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Leo Kim
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92037, USA.,Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Ryan C Gimple
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92037, USA.,Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Hua Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Hsiang-Fu Kung
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University) and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jennifer S Yu
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.,Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Jeremy N Rich
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92037, USA
| | - Yi-Fang Ping
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University) and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Xiu-Wu Bian
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University) and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Shideng Bao
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA. .,Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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17
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Lee HC, Md Yusof HH, Leong MPY, Zainal Abidin S, Seth EA, Hewitt CA, Vidyadaran S, Nordin N, Scott HS, Cheah PS, Ling KH. Gene and protein expression profiles of JAK-STAT signalling pathway in the developing brain of the Ts1Cje down syndrome mouse model. Int J Neurosci 2019; 129:871-881. [DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2019.1580280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Han-Chung Lee
- Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre (GRMRC), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hadri Hadi Md Yusof
- Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre (GRMRC), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Melody Pui-Yee Leong
- Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre (GRMRC), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Shahidee Zainal Abidin
- Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre (GRMRC), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Eryse Amira Seth
- Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre (GRMRC), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chelsee A. Hewitt
- Department of Pathology, The Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sharmili Vidyadaran
- Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre (GRMRC), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Pathology, Immunology Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Norshariza Nordin
- Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre (GRMRC), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hamish S. Scott
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, Centre for Cancer Biology, An alliance between SA Pathology and the University of South Australia, SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
- School of Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology, Australian Cancer Research Foundation Genomics Facility, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Pike-See Cheah
- Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre (GRMRC), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - King-Hwa Ling
- Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre (GRMRC), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
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18
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Muscle transcriptome resource for growth, lipid metabolism and immune system in Hilsa shad, Tenualosa ilisha. Genes Genomics 2018; 41:1-15. [PMID: 30196475 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-018-0732-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The information on the genes involved in muscle growth, lipid metabolism and immune systems would help to understand the mechanisms during the spawning migration in Hilsa shad, which in turn would be useful in its future domestication process. The primary objective of this study was to generate the transcriptome profile of its muscle through RNA seq. The total RNA was isolated and library was prepared from muscle tissue of Tenualosa ilisha, which was collected from Padma River at Farakka, India. The prepared library was then sequenced by Illumina HiSeq platform, HiSeq 2000, using paired-end strategy. A total of 8.68 GB of pair-end reads of muscle transcriptome was generated, and 43,384,267 pair-end reads were assembled into 3,04,233 contigs, of which 23.99% of assembled contigs has length ≥ 150 bp. The total GO terms were categorised into cellular component, molecular function and biological process through PANTHER database. Fifty-three genes related to muscle growth were identified and genes in different pathways were: 75 in PI3/AKT, 46 in mTOR, 76 in MAPK signalling, 24 in Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription, 45 in AMPK and 27 in cGMP pathways. This study also mined the genes involved in lipid metabolism, in which glycerophospholipid metabolism contained highest number of genes (32) and four were found to be involved in fatty acid biosynthesis. There were 58 immune related genes found, in which 31 were under innate and 27 under adaptive immunity. The present study included a large genomic resource of T. ilisha muscle generated through RNAseq, which revealed the essential dataset for our understanding of regulatory processes, specifically during the seasonal spawning migration. As Hilsa is a slow growing fish, the genes identified for muscle growth provided the basic information to study myogenesis. In addition, genes identified for lipid metabolism and immune system would provide resources for lipid synthesis and understanding of Hilsa defense mechanisms, respectively.
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Jak kinase 3 signaling in microgliogenesis from the spinal nestin+ progenitors in both development and response to injury. Neuroreport 2018; 28:929-935. [PMID: 28817455 PMCID: PMC5585131 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000000854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
During spinal cord development, endogenous progenitors expressing nestin can migrate into the target and differentiate into neurons and other glial cells. Microglial cells can also be derived from nestin+ progenitor cells, even in the adult brain. Knockdown of Jak kinase 3 (Jak3) signaling can increase neurogenesis with longer neurite outgrowth in cortical progenitor cells. This study investigated the effect of Jak3 signaling on differentiation from nestin+ progenitor cells using E13.5 spinal progenitor cell cultures. In growth factors-enriched culture, developing neurons could not survive after several days and also a significant proportion of nestin-expressing cells transformed into ameboid Iba1+ microglial cells, which increased exponentially after 5 days. This microgliogenesis was predominantly regulated by Jak3 signaling, which was confirmed by transcription factors responsible for microgliogenesis, and microglial migration and phagocytosis, such as Pu.1, Irf8, and Runx1. Jak3 inhibition also significantly increased the Tuj1+ growing neurites with little microglial activation. These results indicated that neuronal and microglial cell differentiation was regulated primarily by Jak3 signaling and the developing neurons and neurite outgrowth might also be regulated by Jak3-dependent microglial activity.
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Lu L, Wang Y, Zhang F, Chen M, Lin B, Duan X, Cao M, Zheng C, Mao J, Shuai X, Shen J. MRI-Visible siRNA Nanomedicine Directing Neuronal Differentiation of Neural Stem Cells in Stroke. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2018; 28:1706769. [DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201706769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Liejing Lu
- Department of Radiology; Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou 510120 Guangdong China
| | - Yong Wang
- PCFM Lab of Ministry of Education; School of Materials Science and Engineering; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Fang Zhang
- Department of Radiology; Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou 510120 Guangdong China
| | - Meiwei Chen
- Department of Radiology; Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou 510120 Guangdong China
| | - Bingling Lin
- Department of Radiology; Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou 510120 Guangdong China
| | - Xiaohui Duan
- Department of Radiology; Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou 510120 Guangdong China
| | - Minghui Cao
- Department of Radiology; Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou 510120 Guangdong China
| | - Chushan Zheng
- Department of Radiology; Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou 510120 Guangdong China
| | - Jiaji Mao
- Department of Radiology; Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou 510120 Guangdong China
| | - Xintao Shuai
- BME Center; Zhongshan School of Medicine; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou 510080 China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation; Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou 510120 Guangdong China
| | - Jun Shen
- Department of Radiology; Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou 510120 Guangdong China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation; Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou 510120 Guangdong China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease; Zhongshan School of Medicine; Sun Yat-Sen University; 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080 Guangdong China
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Mehdipour M, Liu Y, Liu C, Kumar B, Kim D, Gathwala R, Conboy IM. Key Age-Imposed Signaling Changes That Are Responsible for the Decline of Stem Cell Function. Subcell Biochem 2018; 90:119-143. [PMID: 30779008 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-2835-0_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This chapter analyzes recent developments in the field of signal transduction of ageing with the focus on the age-imposed changes in TGF-beta/pSmad, Notch, Wnt/beta-catenin, and Jak/Stat networks. Specifically, this chapter delineates how the above-mentioned evolutionary-conserved morphogenic signaling pathways operate in young versus aged mammalian tissues, with insights into how the age-specific broad decline of stem cell function is precipitated by the deregulation of these key cell signaling networks. This chapter also provides perspectives onto the development of defined therapeutic approaches that aim to calibrate intensity of the determinant signal transduction to health-youth, thereby rejuvenating multiple tissues in older people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melod Mehdipour
- Bioengineering, Univercity of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Yutong Liu
- Bioengineering, Univercity of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Chao Liu
- Bioengineering, Univercity of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Binod Kumar
- Bioengineering, Univercity of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Daehwan Kim
- Bioengineering, Univercity of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Ranveer Gathwala
- Bioengineering, Univercity of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Irina M Conboy
- Bioengineering, Univercity of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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Effect of a Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicine Formulation on Cell Survival and Apoptosis of MPP +-Treated MES 23.5 Dopaminergic Cells. PARKINSONS DISEASE 2017; 2017:4764212. [PMID: 28607800 PMCID: PMC5451845 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4764212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN) is implicated in Parkinson's disease (PD). The efficacy of these currently used drugs is limited while traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been used in the management of neurodegenerative diseases for many years. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of a modified traditional Chinese herbal medicine decoction, Cong Rong Jing (CRJ), on cell survival and apoptosis of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium- (MPP+-) treated MES23.5 dopaminergic cells. CRJ was prepared as a decoction from three Chinese herbs, namely, Herba Cistanches, Herba Epimedii, and Rhizoma Polygonati. We reported here that CRJ significantly enhanced the cell survival of MES23.5 cells after the exposure of MPP+ and inhibited the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by MPP+. CRJ also prevented the MPP+-treated MES23.5 cells from apoptosis by reducing the externalization of phosphatidylserine and enhancing the Bcl-2/Bax protein expression ratio. Signaling proteins such as JAK2, STAT3, and ERK1/2 were also involved in the action of CRJ. Taken together, these results provide a preliminary mechanism to support clinical application of the TCM formulation in PD and possibly other neurodegenerative diseases associated with ROS injury and apoptosis.
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Wang WW, Han JH, Wang L, Bao TH. Scutellarin may alleviate cognitive deficits in a mouse model of hypoxia by promoting proliferation and neuronal differentiation of neural stem cells. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2017; 20:272-279. [PMID: 28392899 PMCID: PMC5378964 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2017.8355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Objective(s): Scutellarin, a flavonoid extracted from the medicinal herb Erigeron breviscapus Hand-Mazz, protects neurons from damage and inhibits glial activation. Here we examined whether scutellarin may also protect neurons from hypoxia-induced damage. Materials and Methods: Mice were exposed to hypoxia for 7 days and then administered scutellarin (50 mg/kg/d) or vehicle for 30 days Cognitive impairment in the two groups was assessed using the Morris water maze test, cell proliferation in the hippocampus was compared using 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU) immunohistochemistry, and hippocampal levels of nestin and neuronal class III β-tubulin (Tuj-1) were measured using Western blotting. These results were validated in vitro by treating cultured neural stem cells (NSCs) with scutellarin (30 μM). Results: Treating mice with scutellarin shortened escape times and increased the number of platform crossings, it increased the number of BrdU-positive proliferating cells in the hippocampus, and it up-regulated expression of nestin and Tuj-1. Treating NSC cultures with scutellarin increased the number of proliferating cells and the proportion of cells differentiating into neurons instead of astrocytes. The increase in NSC proliferation was associated with phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2, while neuronal differentiation was associated with altered expression of differentiation-related genes. Conclusion: Scutellarin may alleviate cognitive impairment in a mouse model of hypoxia by promo-ting proliferation and neuronal differentiation of NSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Wei Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, PR China; Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, PR China; Department of Anatomy and Development Biology, Monash University, Clayton, vic 3800, Australia
| | - Jian-Hong Han
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Lin Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Tian-Hao Bao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, PR China; Mental Health Center of Kunming Medical University, Kunming City, Yunnan Province, PR China
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Li S, Xu W, Xing Z, Qian J, Chen L, Gu R, Guo W, Lai X, Zhao W, Li S, Wang Y, Wang QJ, Deng F. A Conditional Knockout Mouse Model Reveals a Critical Role of PKD1 in Osteoblast Differentiation and Bone Development. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40505. [PMID: 28084409 PMCID: PMC5233966 DOI: 10.1038/srep40505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The protein kinase D family of serine/threonine kinases, particularly PKD1, has been implicated in the regulation of a complex array of fundamental biological processes. However, its function and mechanism underlying PKD1-mediated the bone development and osteoblast differentiation are not fully understood. Here we demonstrate that loss of PKD1 function led to impaired bone development and osteoblast differentiation through STAT3 and p38 MAPK signaling using in vitro and in vivo bone-specific conditional PKD1-knockout (PKD1-KO) mice models. These mice developed markedly craniofacial dysplasia, scapula dysplasia, long bone length shortage and body weight decrease compared with wild-type littermates. Moreover, deletion of PKD1 in vivo reduced trabecular development and activity of osteoblast development, confirmed by Micro-CT and histological staining as well as expression of osteoblastic marker (OPN, Runx2 and OSX). Mechanistically, loss of PKD1 mediated the downregulation of osteoblast markers and impaired osteoblast differentiation through STAT3 and p38 MAPK signaling pathways. Taken together, these results demonstrated that PKD1 contributes to the osteoblast differentiation and bone development via elevation of osteoblast markers through activation of STAT3 and p38 MAPK signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao Li
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P. R. China
| | - Wanfu Xu
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P. R. China
| | - Zhe Xing
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P. R. China
| | - Jiabi Qian
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P. R. China
| | - Liping Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P. R. China
| | - Ruonan Gu
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P. R. China
| | - Wenjing Guo
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoju Lai
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P. R. China
| | - Wanlu Zhao
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P. R. China
| | - Songyu Li
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P. R. China
| | - Yaodong Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P. R. China
| | - Q Jane Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Fan Deng
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P. R. China
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Chu T, Shields LBE, Zhang YP, Feng SQ, Shields CB, Cai J. CXCL12/CXCR4/CXCR7 Chemokine Axis in the Central Nervous System: Therapeutic Targets for Remyelination in Demyelinating Diseases. Neuroscientist 2017; 23:627-648. [PMID: 29283028 DOI: 10.1177/1073858416685690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The chemokine CXCL12 plays a vital role in regulating the development of the central nervous system (CNS) by binding to its receptors CXCR4 and CXCR7. Recent studies reported that the CXCL12/CXCR4/CXCR7 axis regulates both embryonic and adult oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) in their proliferation, migration, and differentiation. The changes in the expression and distribution of CXCL12 and its receptors are tightly associated with the pathological process of demyelination in multiple sclerosis (MS), suggesting that modulating the CXCL12/CXCR4/CXCR7 axis may benefit myelin repair by enhancing OPC recruitment and differentiation. This review aims to integrate the current findings of the CXCL12/CXCR4/CXCR7 signaling pathway in the CNS and to highlight its role in oligodendrocyte development and demyelinating diseases. Furthermore, this review provides potential therapeutic strategies for myelin repair by analyzing the relevance between the pathological changes and the regulatory roles of CXCL12/CXCR4/CXCR7 during MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianci Chu
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Lisa B E Shields
- 2 Norton Neuroscience Institute, Norton Healthcare, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Yi Ping Zhang
- 2 Norton Neuroscience Institute, Norton Healthcare, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Shi-Qing Feng
- 3 Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Jun Cai
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA.,4 Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
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Transcriptional and Epigenetic Regulation in Injury-Mediated Neuronal Dendritic Plasticity. Neurosci Bull 2016; 33:85-94. [PMID: 27730386 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-016-0071-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Injury to the nervous system induces localized damage in neural structures and neuronal death through the primary insult, as well as delayed atrophy and impaired plasticity of the delicate dendritic fields necessary for interneuronal communication. Excitotoxicity and other secondary biochemical events contribute to morphological changes in neurons following injury. Evidence suggests that various transcription factors are involved in the dendritic response to injury and potential therapies. Transcription factors play critical roles in the intracellular regulation of neuronal morphological plasticity and dendritic growth and patterning. Mounting evidence supports a crucial role for epigenetic modifications via histone deacetylases, histone acetyltransferases, and DNA methyltransferases that modify gene expression in neuronal injury and repair processes. Gene regulation through epigenetic modification is of great interest in neurotrauma research, and an early picture is beginning to emerge concerning how injury triggers intracellular events that modulate such responses. This review provides an overview of injury-mediated influences on transcriptional regulation through epigenetic modification, the intracellular processes involved in the morphological consequences of such changes, and potential approaches to the therapeutic manipulation of neuronal epigenetics for regulating gene expression to facilitate growth and signaling through dendritic arborization following injury.
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Ceyzériat K, Abjean L, Carrillo-de Sauvage MA, Ben Haim L, Escartin C. The complex STATes of astrocyte reactivity: How are they controlled by the JAK–STAT3 pathway? Neuroscience 2016; 330:205-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Lee HK, Keum S, Sheng H, Warner DS, Lo DC, Marchuk DA. Natural allelic variation of the IL-21 receptor modulates ischemic stroke infarct volume. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:2827-38. [PMID: 27400126 DOI: 10.1172/jci84491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Risk for ischemic stroke has a strong genetic basis, but heritable factors also contribute to the extent of damage after a stroke has occurred. We previously identified a locus on distal mouse chromosome 7 that contributes over 50% of the variation in postischemic cerebral infarct volume observed between inbred strains. Here, we used ancestral haplotype analysis to fine-map this locus to 12 candidate genes. The gene encoding the IL-21 receptor (Il21r) showed a marked difference in strain-specific transcription levels and coding variants in neonatal and adult cortical tissue. Collateral vessel connections were moderately reduced in Il21r-deficient mice, and cerebral infarct volume increased 2.3-fold, suggesting that Il21r modulates both collateral vessel anatomy and innate neuroprotection. In brain slice explants, oxygen deprivation (OD) activated apoptotic pathways and increased neuronal cell death in IL-21 receptor-deficient (IL-21R-deficient) mice compared with control animals. We determined that the neuroprotective effects of IL-21R arose from signaling through JAK/STAT pathways and upregulation of caspase 3. Thus, natural genetic variation in murine Il21r influences neuronal cell viability after ischemia by modulating receptor function and downstream signal transduction. The identification of neuroprotective genes based on naturally occurring allelic variations has the potential to inform the development of drug targets for ischemic stroke treatment.
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Chang HF, Lee YS, Tang TK, Cheng JY. Pulsed DC Electric Field-Induced Differentiation of Cortical Neural Precursor Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158133. [PMID: 27352251 PMCID: PMC4924866 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
We report the differentiation of neural stem and progenitor cells solely induced by direct current (DC) pulses stimulation. Neural stem and progenitor cells in the adult mammalian brain are promising candidates for the development of therapeutic neuroregeneration strategies. The differentiation of neural stem and progenitor cells depends on various in vivo environmental factors, such as nerve growth factor and endogenous EF. In this study, we demonstrated that the morphologic and phenotypic changes of mouse neural stem and progenitor cells (mNPCs) could be induced solely by exposure to square-wave DC pulses (magnitude 300 mV/mm at frequency of 100-Hz). The DC pulse stimulation was conducted for 48 h, and the morphologic changes of mNPCs were monitored continuously. The length of primary processes and the amount of branching significantly increased after stimulation by DC pulses for 48 h. After DC pulse treatment, the mNPCs differentiated into neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes simultaneously in stem cell maintenance medium. Our results suggest that simple DC pulse treatment could control the fate of NPCs. With further studies, DC pulses may be applied to manipulate NPC differentiation and may be used for the development of therapeutic strategies that employ NPCs to treat nervous system disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Fang Chang
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Shan Lee
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tang K. Tang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ji-Yen Cheng
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Biophotonics and Molecular Imaging Research Center (BMIRC), National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Mechanical and Mechantronic Engineering, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Basrai HS, Christie KJ, Turbic A, Bye N, Turnley AM. Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling-2 (SOCS2) Regulates the Microglial Response and Improves Functional Outcome after Traumatic Brain Injury in Mice. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153418. [PMID: 27071013 PMCID: PMC4829250 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is frequently characterized by neuronal, axonal and myelin loss, reactive gliosis and neuroinflammation, often associated with functional deficits. Endogenous repair mechanisms include production of new neurons from precursor cells, but usually the new neurons fail to integrate and survive more than a few weeks. This is in part mediated by the toxic and inflammatory environment present in the injured brain which activates precursor cells to proliferate and differentiate but limits survival of the newborn progeny. Therefore, an understanding of mechanisms that regulate production and survival of newborn neurons and the neuroinflammatory response after brain injury may lead to therapeutic options to improve outcomes. Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 2 (SOCS2) promotes hippocampal neurogenesis and survival of newborn neurons in the adult brain and regulates anti-inflammatory responses in the periphery, suggesting it may be a useful candidate to improve outcomes of TBI. In this study the functional and cellular responses of SOCS2 over-expressing transgenic (SOCS2Tg) mice were compared to wildtype littermates following mild or moderately severe TBI. Unlike wildtype controls, SOCS2Tg mice showed functional improvement on a ladder test, with a smaller lesion volume at 7d post injury and increased numbers of proliferative CD11b+ microglia/macrophages at 35d post-injury in the mild injury paradigm. At 7d post-moderately severe injury there was an increase in the area covered by cells expressing an anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype marker (CD206+) but no difference in cells with a pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype marker (CD16/32+). No effect of SOCS2 overexpression was observed in production or survival of newborn neurons, even in the presence of the neuroprotective agent erythropoietin (EPO). Therefore, SOCS2 may improve outcome of TBI in mice by regulating aspects of the neuroinflammatory response, promoting a more anti-inflammatory environment, although this was not sufficient to enhance survival of newborn cortical neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harleen S. Basrai
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kimberly J. Christie
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alisa Turbic
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicole Bye
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ann M. Turnley
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail:
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Choi I, Woo JH, Jou I, Joe EH. PINK1 Deficiency Decreases Expression Levels of mir-326, mir-330, and mir-3099 during Brain Development and Neural Stem Cell Differentiation. Exp Neurobiol 2016; 25:14-23. [PMID: 26924929 PMCID: PMC4766110 DOI: 10.5607/en.2016.25.1.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) is a Parkinson's disease (PD) gene. We examined miRNAs regulated by PINK1 during brain development and neural stem cell (NSC) differentiation, and found that lvels of miRNAs related to tumors and inflammation were different between 1-day-old-wild type (WT) and PINK1-knockout (KO) mouse brains. Notably, levels of miR-326, miR-330 and miR-3099, which are related to astroglioma, increased during brain development and NSC differentiation, and were significantly reduced in the absence of PINK1. Interestingly, in the presence of ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), which pushes differentiation of NSCs into astrocytes, miR-326, miR-330, and miR-3099 levels in KO NSCs were also lower than those in WT NSCs. Furthermore, mimics of all three miRNAs increased expression of the astrocytic marker glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) during differentiation of KO NSCs, but inhibitors of these miRNAs decreased GFAP expression in WT NSCs. Moreover, these miRNAs increased the translational efficacy of GFAP through the 3'-UTR of GFAP mRNA. Taken together, these results suggest that PINK1 deficiency reduce expression levels of miR-326, miR-330 and miR-3099, which may regulate GFAP expression during NSC differentiation and brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Insup Choi
- Neuroscience Graduate Program Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea.; Chronic Inflammatory Disease Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Joo Hong Woo
- Chronic Inflammatory Disease Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Ilo Jou
- Neuroscience Graduate Program Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea.; Chronic Inflammatory Disease Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea.; Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Eun-Hye Joe
- Neuroscience Graduate Program Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea.; Chronic Inflammatory Disease Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea.; Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea.; Department of Brain Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea.; Brain Disease Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea
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Potential Role of JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway in the Neurogenic-to-Gliogenic Shift in Down Syndrome Brain. Neural Plast 2016; 2016:7434191. [PMID: 26881131 PMCID: PMC4737457 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7434191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Trisomy of human chromosome 21 in Down syndrome (DS) leads to several phenotypes, such as mild-to-severe intellectual disability, hypotonia, and craniofacial dysmorphisms. These are fundamental hallmarks of the disorder that affect the quality of life of most individuals with DS. Proper brain development involves meticulous regulation of various signaling pathways, and dysregulation may result in abnormal neurodevelopment. DS brain is characterized by an increased number of astrocytes with reduced number of neurons. In mouse models for DS, the pool of neural progenitor cells commits to glia rather than neuronal cell fate in the DS brain. However, the mechanism(s) and consequences of this slight neurogenic-to-gliogenic shift in DS brain are still poorly understood. To date, Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) signaling has been proposed to be crucial in various developmental pathways, especially in promoting astrogliogenesis. Since both human and mouse models of DS brain exhibit less neurons and a higher percentage of cells with astrocytic phenotypes, understanding the role of JAK-STAT signaling in DS brain development will provide novel insight into its role in the pathogenesis of DS brain and may serve as a potential target for the development of effective therapy to improve DS cognition.
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Choi I, Choi DJ, Yang H, Woo JH, Chang MY, Kim JY, Sun W, Park SM, Jou I, Lee SH, Lee SH, Joe EH. PINK1 expression increases during brain development and stem cell differentiation, and affects the development of GFAP-positive astrocytes. Mol Brain 2016; 9:5. [PMID: 26746235 PMCID: PMC4706723 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-016-0186-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mutation of PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) causes autosomal recessive early-onset Parkinson’s disease (PD). Despite of its ubiquitous expression in brain, its roles in non-neuronal cells such as neural stem cells (NSCs) and astrocytes were poorly unknown. Results We show that PINK1 expression increases from embryonic day 12 to postnatal day 1 in mice, which represents the main period of brain development. PINK1 expression also increases during neural stem cell (NSC) differentiation. Interestingly, expression of GFAP (a marker of astrocytes) was lower in PINK1 knockout (KO) mouse brain lysates compared to wild-type (WT) lysates at postnatal days 1-8, whereas there was little difference in the expression of markers for other brain cell types (e.g., neurons and oligodendrocytes). Further experiments showed that PINK1-KO NSCs were defective in their differentiation to astrocytes, producing fewer GFAP-positive cells compared to WT NSCs. However, the KO and WT NSCs did not differ in their self-renewal capabilities or ability to differentiate to neurons and oligodendrocytes. Interestingly, during differentiation of KO NSCs there were no defects in mitochondrial function, and there were not changes in signaling molecules such as SMAD1/5/8, STAT3, and HES1 involved in differentiation of NSCs into astrocytes. In brain sections, GFAP-positive astrocytes were more sparsely distributed in the corpus callosum and substantia nigra of KO animals compared with WT. Conclusion Our study suggests that PINK1 deficiency causes defects in GFAP-positive astrogliogenesis during brain development and NSC differentiation, which may be a factor to increase risk for PD. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13041-016-0186-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Insup Choi
- Neuroscience Graduate Program Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea. .,Chronic Inflammatory Disease Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.
| | - Dong-Joo Choi
- Neuroscience Graduate Program Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.
| | - Haijie Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine san-5, Woncheon-dong, Youngtong-gu, Suwon, Kyunggi-do, 442-721, Korea.
| | - Joo Hong Woo
- Chronic Inflammatory Disease Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.
| | - Mi-Yoon Chang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Joo Yeon Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Division of Brain Korea 21 Plus Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 136-705, Korea.
| | - Woong Sun
- Department of Anatomy and Division of Brain Korea 21 Plus Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 136-705, Korea.
| | - Sang-Myun Park
- Neuroscience Graduate Program Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea. .,Chronic Inflammatory Disease Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea. .,Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine san-5, Woncheon-dong, Youngtong-gu, Suwon, Kyunggi-do, 442-721, Korea.
| | - Ilo Jou
- Neuroscience Graduate Program Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea. .,Chronic Inflammatory Disease Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea. .,Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine san-5, Woncheon-dong, Youngtong-gu, Suwon, Kyunggi-do, 442-721, Korea.
| | - Sang-Hun Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Sang Hoon Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Eun-Hye Joe
- Neuroscience Graduate Program Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea. .,Chronic Inflammatory Disease Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea. .,Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine san-5, Woncheon-dong, Youngtong-gu, Suwon, Kyunggi-do, 442-721, Korea. .,Department of Brain Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea. .,Brain Disease Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.
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Chen J, Riazifar H, Guan MX, Huang T. Modeling autosomal dominant optic atrophy using induced pluripotent stem cells and identifying potential therapeutic targets. Stem Cell Res Ther 2016; 7:2. [PMID: 26738566 PMCID: PMC4704249 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-015-0264-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 11/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many retinal degenerative diseases are caused by the loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Autosomal dominant optic atrophy is the most common hereditary optic atrophy disease and is characterized by central vision loss and degeneration of RGCs. Currently, there is no effective treatment for this group of diseases. However, stem cell therapy holds great potential for replacing lost RGCs of patients. Compared with embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can be derived from adult somatic cells, and they are associated with fewer ethical concerns and are less prone to immune rejection. In addition, patient-derived iPSCs may provide us with a cellular model for studying the pathogenesis and potential therapeutic agents for optic atrophy. Methods In this study, iPSCs were obtained from patients carrying an OPA1 mutation (OPA1+/−-iPSC) that were diagnosed with optic atrophy. These iPSCs were differentiated into putative RGCs, which were subsequently characterized by using RGC-specific expression markers BRN3a and ISLET-1. Results Mutant OPA1+/−-iPSCs exhibited significantly more apoptosis and were unable to efficiently differentiate into RGCs. However, with the addition of neural induction medium, Noggin, or estrogen, OPA1+/−-iPSC differentiation into RGCs was promoted. Conclusions Our results suggest that apoptosis mediated by OPA1 mutations plays an important role in the pathogenesis of optic atrophy, and both noggin and β-estrogen may represent potential therapeutic agents for OPA1-related optic atrophy. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13287-015-0264-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
| | - Hamidreza Riazifar
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Human Genetics, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
| | - Min-Xin Guan
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
| | - Taosheng Huang
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
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Scutellarin Alleviates Behavioral Deficits in a Mouse Model of Multiple Sclerosis, Possibly Through Protecting Neural Stem Cells. J Mol Neurosci 2015; 58:210-20. [PMID: 26514969 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-015-0660-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Scutellarin, a flavonoid extracted from an herbal medication (Erigeron breviscapus Hand-Mazz), has been shown to protect neurons against damage and to promote neurogenesis, and thus has therapeutic potential in the treatment of a variety of neurodegenerative diseases. Since neural stem cells (NSCs) could differentiate into myelin-producing oligodendrocytes, we speculate that scutellarin could also be used to treat multiple sclerosis (MS). In the current study, we examined potential effects of scutellarin using a mouse model of MS. Briefly, adult C57BL/6 mice exposed to cuprizone (8 mg/day through diet, for 6 consecutive weeks) randomly received scutellarin (50 mg/kg/day) or vehicle for 10 consecutive days. In the scutellarin-treated group, rotarod testing at the end of the treatment showed significant improvement of motor function (increased time to fall); myelin basic protein (MBP) staining of the corpus callosum revealed decreased demyelination; TUNEL staining followed by Nestin or Sox2 staining revealed increased number of NSCs and decreased rate of NSC apoptosis in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricles (LV). In a series of experiments using cultured NSCs subjected to cuprizone injury, we confirmed the protective effects of scutellarin. At 30 μM, scutellarin increased the commitment of NSCs to the oligodendrocyte and neuronal lineages, as evidenced by NG2 chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (NG2) and doublecortin (DCX) staining. Differentiation into astrocytes (as revealed by glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) staining) was decreased. Maturation of the NSCs committed to the oligodendrocyte lineage, as evidenced by oligodendrocyte marker O4 antibody (O4) staining and MBP staining, was also promoted by scutellarin. Further analysis revealed that scutellarin might suppress the phosphorylation of p38 in cuprizone-induced NSCs. In summary, scutellarin could alleviate motor deficits in a mouse model for MS, possibly by inhibiting NSC apoptosis and promoting differentiation of NSCs to myelin-producing oligodendrocytes.
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Ong SG, Lee WH, Kodo K, Wu JC. MicroRNA-mediated regulation of differentiation and trans-differentiation in stem cells. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2015; 88:3-15. [PMID: 25887992 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key components of a broadly conserved post-transcriptional mechanism that controls gene expression by targeting mRNAs. miRNAs regulate diverse biological processes, including the growth and differentiation of stem cells as well as the regulation of both endogenous tissue repair that has critical implications in the development of regenerative medicine approaches. In this review, we first describe key features of miRNA biogenesis and their role in regulating self-renewal, and then discuss the involvement of miRNAs in the determination of cell fate decisions. We highlight the role of miRNAs in the emergent field of reprogramming and trans-differentiation of somatic cells that could further our understanding of miRNA biology and regenerative medicine applications. Finally, we describe potential techniques for proper delivery of miRNAs in target cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Ging Ong
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Won Hee Lee
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Kazuki Kodo
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States; Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States; Institute of Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States.
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37
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Wang T, Yuan W, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Zhou X, Ning G, Zhang L, Yao L, Feng S, Kong X. The role of the JAK-STAT pathway in neural stem cells, neural progenitor cells and reactive astrocytes after spinal cord injury. Biomed Rep 2014; 3:141-146. [PMID: 25798237 DOI: 10.3892/br.2014.401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with spinal cord injuries can develop severe neurological damage and dysfunction, which is not only induced by primary but also by secondary injuries. As an evolutionarily conserved pathway of eukaryotes, the JAK-STAT pathway is associated with cell growth, survival, development and differentiation; activation of the JAK-STAT pathway has been previously reported in central nervous system injury. The JAK-STAT pathway is directly associated with neurogenesis and glia scar formation in the injury region. Following injury of the axon, the overexpression and activation of STAT3 is exhibited specifically in protecting neurons. To investigate the role of the JAK-STAT pathway in neuroprotection, we summarized the effect of JAK-STAT pathway in the following three sections: Firstly, the modulation of JAK-STAT pathway in proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells and neural progenitor cells is discussed; secondly, the time-dependent effect of JAK-STAT pathway in reactive astrocytes to reveal their capability of neuroprotection is revealed and lastly, we focus on how the astrocyte-secretory polypeptides (astrocyte-derived cytokines and trophic factors) accomplish neuroprotection via the JAK-STAT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China ; Department of Orthopedics, The 266th Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Chengde, Hebei 067000, P.R. China
| | - Wenqi Yuan
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Yanjun Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Capital Medical University Luhe Hospital, Beijing 100000, P.R. China
| | - Zhijie Wang
- Department of Paediatric Internal Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde, Hebei 067000, P.R. China
| | - Xianhu Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Guangzhi Ning
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, P.R. China
| | - Liwei Yao
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Shiqing Feng
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohong Kong
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P.R. China
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Merino JJ, Bellver-Landete V, Oset-Gasque MJ, Cubelos B. CXCR4/CXCR7 Molecular Involvement in Neuronal and Neural Progenitor Migration: Focus in CNS Repair. J Cell Physiol 2014; 230:27-42. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- José Joaquín Merino
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Dept II; Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM); Madrid Spain
- Instituto de Investigación; Neuroquímica (IUIN), UCM; Madrid Spain
| | - Victor Bellver-Landete
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Dept II; Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM); Madrid Spain
| | - María Jesús Oset-Gasque
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Dept II; Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM); Madrid Spain
- Instituto de Investigación; Neuroquímica (IUIN), UCM; Madrid Spain
| | - Beatriz Cubelos
- Departamento de Biología Molecular; Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO); Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; Madrid Spain
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Yin L, Chen Y, Qu Z, Zhang L, Wang Q, Zhang Q, Li L. Involvement of JAK/STAT signaling in the effect of cornel iridoid glycoside on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis amelioration in rats. J Neuroimmunol 2014; 274:28-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2014.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Revised: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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40
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Jang YN, Baik EJ. JAK-STAT pathway and myogenic differentiation. JAKSTAT 2014; 2:e23282. [PMID: 24058805 PMCID: PMC3710318 DOI: 10.4161/jkst.23282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Revised: 12/13/2012] [Accepted: 12/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Myogenic differentiation plays an important role in muscle regeneration and is regulated by two transcription factor families, MRFs and MEF2, which induce differentiation of myoblasts through expression of the muscle-specific gene, myogenin. In addition, many intracellular signaling pathways are also involved in myogenic differentiation, including p38 MAPK, ERK/MAPK and PI3K/AKT. The JAK-STAT pathway is activated by various cytokines and positively or negatively regulates the differentiation of myoblasts. JAK1 plays a notable role in proliferation; whereas, JAK2 and JAK3 function mainly in differentiation. The STATs, molecules downstream of JAK, regulate myogenesis. With JAK1, STAT1 promotes proliferation, while STAT3 has a dual effect on proliferation and differentiation. The JAK-STAT negative regulator, SOCS, is also associated with myogenesis; although, its role is controversial. In this review, we will discuss the role of the JAK-STAT pathway on myogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Na Jang
- Department of Physiology; Chronic Inflammatory Disease Research Center; Ajou University School of Medicine; Suwon, Korea
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41
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Nicolas CS, Amici M, Bortolotto ZA, Doherty A, Csaba Z, Fafouri A, Dournaud P, Gressens P, Collingridge GL, Peineau S. The role of JAK-STAT signaling within the CNS. JAKSTAT 2014; 2:e22925. [PMID: 24058789 PMCID: PMC3670265 DOI: 10.4161/jkst.22925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2012] [Revised: 11/16/2012] [Accepted: 11/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
JAK-STAT is an efficient and highly regulated system mainly dedicated to the regulation of gene expression. Primarily identified as functioning in hematopoietic cells, its role has been found critical in all cell types, including neurons. This review will focus on JAK-STAT functions in the mature central nervous system. Our recent research suggests the intriguing possibility of a non-nuclear role of STAT3 during synaptic plasticity. Dysregulation of the JAK-STAT pathway in inflammation, cancer and neurodegenerative diseases positions it at the heart of most brain disorders, highlighting the importance to understand how it can influence the fate and functions of brain cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celine S Nicolas
- MRC Centre for Synaptic Plasticity; School of Physiology and Pharmacology; University of Bristol; Bristol, UK
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Bando SY, Silva FN, Costa LDF, Silva AV, Pimentel-Silva LR, Castro LHM, Wen HT, Amaro E, Moreira-Filho CA. Complex network analysis of CA3 transcriptome reveals pathogenic and compensatory pathways in refractory temporal lobe epilepsy. PLoS One 2013; 8:e79913. [PMID: 24278214 PMCID: PMC3836787 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously described - studying transcriptional signatures of hippocampal CA3 explants - that febrile (FS) and afebrile (NFS) forms of refractory mesial temporal lobe epilepsy constitute two distinct genomic phenotypes. That network analysis was based on a limited number (hundreds) of differentially expressed genes (DE networks) among a large set of valid transcripts (close to two tens of thousands). Here we developed a methodology for complex network visualization (3D) and analysis that allows the categorization of network nodes according to distinct hierarchical levels of gene-gene connections (node degree) and of interconnection between node neighbors (concentric node degree). Hubs are highly connected nodes, VIPs have low node degree but connect only with hubs, and high-hubs have VIP status and high overall number of connections. Studying the whole set of CA3 valid transcripts we: i) obtained complete transcriptional networks (CO) for FS and NFS phenotypic groups; ii) examined how CO and DE networks are related; iii) characterized genomic and molecular mechanisms underlying FS and NFS phenotypes, identifying potential novel targets for therapeutic interventions. We found that: i) DE hubs and VIPs are evenly distributed inside the CO networks; ii) most DE hubs and VIPs are related to synaptic transmission and neuronal excitability whereas most CO hubs, VIPs and high hubs are related to neuronal differentiation, homeostasis and neuroprotection, indicating compensatory mechanisms. Complex network visualization and analysis is a useful tool for systems biology approaches to multifactorial diseases. Network centrality observed for hubs, VIPs and high hubs of CO networks, is consistent with the network disease model, where a group of nodes whose perturbation leads to a disease phenotype occupies a central position in the network. Conceivably, the chance for exerting therapeutic effects through the modulation of particular genes will be higher if these genes are highly interconnected in transcriptional networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Yumi Bando
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Alexandre V. Silva
- Department of Biosciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Luiz HM. Castro
- Clinical Neurology Division, Hospital das Clínicas da FMUSP, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hung-Tzu Wen
- Epilepsy Surgery Group, Hospital das Clínicas da FMUSP, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edson Amaro
- Department of Radiology, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto Moreira-Filho
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Yang K, Lee JS, Kim J, Lee YB, Shin H, Um SH, Kim JB, Park KI, Lee H, Cho SW. Polydopamine-mediated surface modification of scaffold materials for human neural stem cell engineering. Biomaterials 2012; 33:6952-64. [PMID: 22809643 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.06.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2012] [Accepted: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Surface modification of tissue engineering scaffolds and substrates is required for improving the efficacy of stem cell therapy by generating physicochemical stimulation promoting proliferation and differentiation of stem cells. However, typical surface modification methods including chemical conjugation or physical absorption have several limitations such as multistep, complicated procedures, surface denaturation, batch-to-batch inconsistencies, and low surface conjugation efficiency. In this study, we report a mussel-inspired, biomimetic approach to surface modification for efficient and reliable manipulation of human neural stem cell (NSC) differentiation and proliferation. Our study demonstrates that polydopamine coating facilitates highly efficient, simple immobilization of neurotrophic growth factors and adhesion peptides onto polymer substrates. The growth factor or peptide-immobilized substrates greatly enhance differentiation and proliferation of human NSCs (human fetal brain-derived NSCs and human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived NSCs) at a level comparable or greater than currently available animal-derived coating materials (Matrigel) with safety issues. Therefore, polydopamine-mediated surface modification can provide a versatile platform technology for developing chemically defined, safe, functional substrates and scaffolds for therapeutic applications of human NSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kisuk Yang
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Low WC, Yau WWY, Stanton LW, Marcy G, Goh E, Chew SY. Directing neuronal differentiation of primary neural progenitor cells by gene knockdown approach. DNA Cell Biol 2012; 31:1148-60. [PMID: 22339269 PMCID: PMC3391493 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2011.1557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2011] [Revised: 01/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Directing differentiation of neural stem/progenitor cells (NPCs) to produce functional neurons is a promising remedy for neural pathological conditions. The major challenge, however, lies in the effective and efficient generation of a sizable population of neurons. A potential strategy is to incorporate RNA interference (RNAi) during directed stem cell differentiation to recapitulate the complex cell-signaling cascades that often occurs during the process. In this study, in vitro silencing of RE1-silencing transcription factor (REST) was carried out using small-interfering RNAs (siRNAs) to evaluate the efficacy of combining REST knockdown with conventional differentiation approaches to enhance neurogenesis. While earlier studies have demonstrated enhanced neuronal lineage commitment from embryonic stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells upon REST knockdown, the effects of REST silencing during other stages of neural development have not been extensively evaluated. We hypothesize that REST knockdown would enhance NPC development to mature neurons and that induced REST silencing can serve as a potential biochemical approach to direct cell fate. Under nonspecific induction conditions, REST knockdown induced eightfold higher Tuj1 mRNA expression at day 14 compared with untransfected cells and cells subjected to scrambled-siRNA treatment (controls). Immunostaining also revealed greater percentage of Tuj1 positive cells with REST knockdown. Combined with neuronal induction, REST silencing enhanced the kinetics of neuronal differentiation and the rate of maturation of committed neuronal cells. Specifically, upregulation of MAP2 occurred as early as 3 days after induction with REST silencing and the expression was comparable to the controls at day 14. Likewise, downregulation of REST generated more than twice the percentage of Tuj1 and MAP2 positive cells compared with controls at day 5 (p<0.05). Morphologically, REST-silencing enhanced the number and length of neurite extensions from Tuj1 positive cells (p<0.05), which was not evaluated in previous differentiation studies with REST knockdown. Taken together, these results demonstrate the efficacy of combining REST silencing during directed NPC differentiation to enhance the rate of differentiation and subsequent maturation of NPCs. This study also highlights the potential of RNAi as a biomedical strategy for guided stem cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ching Low
- Division of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Winifred Wing Yiu Yau
- Division of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lawrence W. Stanton
- Stem Cell and Developmental Biology Group, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Guillaume Marcy
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eyleen Goh
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sing Yian Chew
- Division of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
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Chen C, Zhou Z, Zhong M, Zhang Y, Li M, Zhang L, Qu M, Yang J, Wang Y, Yu Z. Thyroid hormone promotes neuronal differentiation of embryonic neural stem cells by inhibiting STAT3 signaling through TRα1. Stem Cells Dev 2012; 21:2667-81. [PMID: 22468949 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2012.0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A deficiency of maternal thyroid hormones (THs) during pregnancy may have severe impacts on fetal brain development. However, the cellular targets of THs and their underlying mechanisms are still unclear. In this study, we found that maternal hypothyroidism during pregnancy in mice inhibited neurogenesis in the embryonic telencephalon and caused learning and memory impairment in the offspring. To explore the underlying mechanisms, we treated cultured mouse embryonic neural stem cells (eNSCs) with a physiological level of 3, 5, 3'-triiodo-L-thyronine (T3). We found that T3 promoted the neuronal differentiation of eNSCs, while inhibiting astrocytic differentiation. In addition, the proliferation and maintenance of eNSCs were inhibited by T3. Furthermore, the TH receptor alpha 1 (TRα1) was detected in the eNSCs both in vivo and in vitro. Silencing TRα1 protein expression with specific siRNA eliminated the effects of T3 on eNSCs. We also found that T3 decreased STAT3 phosphorylation and STAT3-DNA binding activity through TRα1. The over expression of STAT3 attenuated the promotive effects of T3 on neuronal differentiation of eNSCs. Taken together, these results suggest that T3 promotes the neuronal differentiation of eNSCs by inhibiting STAT3 signaling activity through TRα1 and contributes to early neurogenesis in the embryonic telencephalon. Our studies reveal the physiological effects of TH in regulating eNSCs differentiation and suggest that eNSCs are one of the major cellular targets in the central nervous system by which TH influences early brain development. These findings also provide new insights into the mechanisms of neurological deficits caused by TH deficiency during embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhai Chen
- Department of Occupational Health, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Yau WWY, Rujitanaroj PO, Lam L, Chew SY. Directing stem cell fate by controlled RNA interference. Biomaterials 2011; 33:2608-28. [PMID: 22209557 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2011] [Accepted: 12/09/2011] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Directing stem cell fate remains a major area of interest and also a hurdle to many, particularly in the field of regenerative medicine. Unfortunately, conventional methods of over-expressing inductive factors through the use of biochemical induction cocktails have led to sub-optimal outcomes. A potential alternative may be to adopt the opposite by selectively silencing genes or pathways that are pivotal to stem cell differentiation. Indeed, over recent years, there have been an increasing number of studies on directing stem cell fate through gene knockdown via RNA interference (RNAi). While the effectiveness of RNAi in controlling stem cell differentiation is evident from the myriad of studies, a chaotically vast collection of gene silencing targets have also been identified. Meanwhile, variations in methods of transfecting stem cells have also affected silencing efficiencies and the subsequent extent of stem cell differentiation. This review serves to unite the pioneers who have ventured into the emerging field of RNAi-enhanced stem cell differentiation by summarizing and evaluating the current approaches adopted in utilizing gene silencing to direct stem cell fate and their corresponding outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winifred Wing Yiu Yau
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 637459, Singapore
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Jang YN, Lee IJ, Park MC, Baik EJ. Role of JAK3 in myogenic differentiation. Cell Signal 2011; 24:742-9. [PMID: 22120524 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2011.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2011] [Revised: 11/08/2011] [Accepted: 11/08/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle differentiation is regulated by transcription factors, including members of the myogenic regulatory factor (MRF) family and many signaling pathways. The JAK1 and JAK2 pathways are known to each have different effects on myoblast proliferation and differentiation; however, the role of JAK3 in myoblast differentiation remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the effect of JAK3 inhibition on myogenic differentiation in the C2C12 mouse myoblast cell line. During myogenic differentiation, treatment with the JAK3 inhibitor WHIp154 significantly increased the number of MHC-positive multinucleated myotubes and the expressions of myosin heavy chain (MHC), myogenin (MGN), MyoD, and myogenic enhancer factor 2 (MEF2). Knockdown of the JAK3 gene using siJAK3 also significantly increased MHC, MGN and MyoD mRNA expressions as well as insulin-like growth factor-II (IGF-II) gene expression. During differentiation, JAK3 was initially activated and later decreased. Differentiation decreased STAT1, which was further decreased by WHIp154. In contrast, STAT3 gradually was elevated during differentiation, and was increased by JAK3 inhibition. Moreover, we found that up-regulation of AKT activity and down-regulation of ERK activity cooperated to accelerate myogenic differentiation. Taken together, these data indicate that JAK3 inhibition potently facilitates myoblast differentiation through antagonistic STAT1/STAT3 activities. Additionally, JAK3 inhibition induced precocious differentiation and played important roles for terminal differentiation, including fusion, which is involved with regulation of AKT and ERK pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Na Jang
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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