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Janus A, Lustyk K, Pytka K. MK-801 and cognitive functions: Investigating the behavioral effects of a non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2023; 240:2435-2457. [PMID: 37725119 PMCID: PMC10640442 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-023-06454-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE MK-801 (dizocilpine) is a non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist originally explored for anticonvulsant potential. Despite its original purpose, its amnestic properties led to the development of pivotal models of various cognitive impairments widely employed in research and greatly impacting scientific progress. MK-801 offers several advantages; however, it also presents drawbacks, including inducing dose-dependent hyperlocomotion or ambiguous effects on anxiety, which can impact the interpretation of behavioral research results. OBJECTIVES The present review attempts to summarize and discuss the effects of MK-801 on different types of memory and cognitive functions in animal studies. RESULTS A plethora of behavioral research suggests that MK-801 can detrimentally impact cognitive functions. The specific effect of this compound is influenced by variables including developmental stage, gender, species, strain, and, crucially, the administered dose. Notably, when considering the undesirable effects of MK-801, doses up to 0.1 mg/kg were found not to induce stereotypy or hyperlocomotion. CONCLUSION Dizocilpine continues to be of significant importance in preclinical research, facilitating the exploration of various procognitive therapeutic agents. However, given its potential undesirable effects, it is imperative to meticulously determine the appropriate dosages and conduct supplementary evaluations for any undesirable outcomes, which could complicate the interpretation of the findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Janus
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Krakow, Poland
| | - Klaudia Lustyk
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Krakow, Poland
| | - Karolina Pytka
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Krakow, Poland.
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2
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Sanchez D, Ganfornina MD. The Lipocalin Apolipoprotein D Functional Portrait: A Systematic Review. Front Physiol 2021; 12:738991. [PMID: 34690812 PMCID: PMC8530192 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.738991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein D is a chordate gene early originated in the Lipocalin protein family. Among other features, regulation of its expression in a wide variety of disease conditions in humans, as apparently unrelated as neurodegeneration or breast cancer, have called for attention on this gene. Also, its presence in different tissues, from blood to brain, and different subcellular locations, from HDL lipoparticles to the interior of lysosomes or the surface of extracellular vesicles, poses an interesting challenge in deciphering its physiological function: Is ApoD a moonlighting protein, serving different roles in different cellular compartments, tissues, or organisms? Or does it have a unique biochemical mechanism of action that accounts for such apparently diverse roles in different physiological situations? To answer these questions, we have performed a systematic review of all primary publications where ApoD properties have been investigated in chordates. We conclude that ApoD ligand binding in the Lipocalin pocket, combined with an antioxidant activity performed at the rim of the pocket are properties sufficient to explain ApoD association with different lipid-based structures, where its physiological function is better described as lipid-management than by long-range lipid-transport. Controlling the redox state of these lipid structures in particular subcellular locations or extracellular structures, ApoD is able to modulate an enormous array of apparently diverse processes in the organism, both in health and disease. The new picture emerging from these data should help to put the physiological role of ApoD in new contexts and to inspire well-focused future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Sanchez
- Instituto de Biologia y Genetica Molecular, Unidad de Excelencia, Universidad de Valladolid-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Maria D Ganfornina
- Instituto de Biologia y Genetica Molecular, Unidad de Excelencia, Universidad de Valladolid-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Valladolid, Spain
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3
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Effects of the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonist, MK-801, on spatial memory and influence of the route of administration. Behav Brain Res 2019; 372:112067. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Lattanzi GM, Buzzanca A, Frascarelli M, Di Fabio F. Genetic and clinical features of social cognition in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. J Neurosci Res 2018; 96:1631-1640. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guido Maria Lattanzi
- Department of Human Neurosciences; Sapienza University; Rome 00185 Italy
- Department of Psychosis Studies; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College; London SE5 8AF United Kingdom
| | - Antonino Buzzanca
- Department of Human Neurosciences; Sapienza University; Rome 00185 Italy
| | | | - Fabio Di Fabio
- Department of Human Neurosciences; Sapienza University; Rome 00185 Italy
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Furuie H, Yamada K, Ichitani Y. Chronic NMDA receptor blockade in early postnatal period, but not in adulthood, impairs methamphetamine-induced conditioned place preference in rats. Behav Brain Res 2016; 301:253-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 12/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Enhanced interaction among ErbB4, PSD-95 and NMDAR by chronic MK-801 treatment is associated with behavioral abnormalities. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2013; 108:44-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2013.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Revised: 04/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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7
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Namba T, Ming GL, Song H, Waga C, Enomoto A, Kaibuchi K, Kohsaka S, Uchino S. NMDA receptor regulates migration of newly generated neurons in the adult hippocampus via Disrupted-In-Schizophrenia 1 (DISC1). J Neurochem 2011; 118:34-44. [PMID: 21517847 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2011.07282.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
In the mammalian brain, new neurons are continuously generated throughout life in the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus. Previous studies have established that newborn neurons migrate a short distance to be integrated into a pre-existing neuronal circuit in the hippocampus. How the migration of newborn neurons is governed by extracellular signals, however, has not been fully understood. Here, we report that NMDA receptor (NMDA-R)-mediated signaling is essential for the proper migration and positioning of newborn neurons in the DG. An intraperitoneal injection of the NMDA-R antagonists, memantine, or 3-(2-carboxypiperazin-4-yl)propyl-1-phosphonic acid (CPP) into adult male mice caused the aberrant positioning of newborn neurons, resulting in the overextension of their migration in the DG. Interestingly, we revealed that the administration of NMDA-R antagonists leads to a decrease in the expression of Disrupted-In-Schizophrenia 1 (DISC1), a candidate susceptibility gene for major psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, which is also known as a critical regulator of neuronal migration in the DG. Furthermore, the overextended migration of newborn neurons induced by the NMDA-R antagonists was significantly rescued by exogenous expression of DISC1. Collectively, these results suggest that the NMDA-R signaling pathway governs the migration of newborn neurons via the regulation of DISC1 expression in the DG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Namba
- Department of Neurochemistry, National Institute of Neuroscience, Tokyo, Japan
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Li JT, Su YA, Guo CM, Feng Y, Yang Y, Huang RH, Si TM. Persisting cognitive deficits induced by low-dose, subchronic treatment with MK-801 in adolescent rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2010; 652:65-72. [PMID: 21114996 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.10.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2010] [Revised: 10/19/2010] [Accepted: 10/31/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive impairments have been proposed as a core feature of schizophrenia. Studies have shown that chronic or subchronic treatment with N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) antagonists could induce cognitive deficits that resemble the symptoms of schizophrenia, yet few studies have investigated the effects of repeated NMDA blockade during adolescence on cognition. In the current study, adolescent, male rats were treated with an intraperitoneal injection of MK-801 (0.05, 0.1, and 0.2mg/kg) once daily for 14days. They were then tested 24h and 14days after drug cessation, respectively, in a series of behavioural tasks, including the object recognition task, the object-in-context recognition task and the working memory task of the Morris water maze (MWM). Results showed that object-in-context recognition and spatial working memory in the MWM were significantly impaired by repeated MK-801 treatment when animals were tested 24h after drug cessation, but object recognition was left intact. In particular, such deficits were observed 14days after drug cessation in the 0.2mg/kg group. The cognition-impairing effect of MK-801 could not be attributed to malnutrition or alterations in motor functions. Taken together, this study may provide support for establishing an animal model of cognitive deficits of schizophrenia based on low-dose, repeated treatment of MK-801 during adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Tao Li
- Institute of Mental Health, Peking Univeristy, Beijing, China
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Abstract
A major goal of modern neuroscience research is to understand the cellular and molecular processes that control the formation, function, and remodeling of chemical synapses. In this article, we discuss the numerous studies that implicate molecules initially discovered for their functions in axon guidance as critical regulators of synapse formation and plasticity. Insights from these studies have helped elucidate basic principles of synaptogenesis, dendritic spine formation, and structural and functional synapse plasticity. In addition, they have revealed interesting dual roles for proteins and cellular mechanisms involved in both axon guidance and synaptogenesis. Much like the dual involvement of morphogens in early cell fate induction and axon guidance, many guidance-related molecules continue to play active roles in controlling the location, number, shape, and strength of neuronal synapses during development and throughout the lifetime of the organism. This article summarizes key findings that link axon guidance molecules to specific aspects of synapse formation and plasticity and discusses the emerging relationship between the molecular and cellular mechanisms that control both axon guidance and synaptogenesis.
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Effects of antipsychotic drugs on MK-801-induced attentional and motivational deficits in rats. Neuropharmacology 2009; 56:788-97. [PMID: 19705572 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2009.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Attentional deficits that accompany schizophrenia are not effectively treated by available antipsychotic medications. Disruption of NMDA receptor function is often used to model aspects of this disorder in rodents. We used the 5-choice serial reaction time task (5CSRTT) to characterize attentional deficits caused by acute administration or withdrawal from chronic administration of the NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801, and determine if they are ameliorated by haloperidol or clozapine. METHODS Acute studies involved tests in the presence of MK-801: rats were administered haloperidol (0.008-0.125 mg/kg, SC) or clozapine (0.16-2.5 mg/kg, SC) in combination with MK-801 (0.25 mg/kg, IP) prior to daily test sessions. Chronic studies involved tests in the absence of MK-801: following daily tests, rats were administered MK-801 (0.5 mg/kg, IP) and tested 24 h later in the absence or presence of haloperidol or clozapine. RESULTS Acute MK-801 disrupted performance: it decreased accuracy while increasing omissions, premature responses, and magazine entries. Haloperidol reduced disruptive effects associated with increased activation, whereas it exacerbated other deficits. Clozapine dose-dependently attenuated several of the MK-801-induced performance deficits. Withdrawal from chronic MK-801 progressively increased omissions and response latencies and decreased premature responding, suggesting an amotivational state. Neither haloperidol nor clozapine ameliorated these performance deficits. DISCUSSION Acute administration and withdrawal from chronic MK-801 administration produced distinct behavioral profiles in the 5CSRTT. Acute MK-801 impaired attention and impulse control whereas chronic MK-801 withdrawal caused signs consistent with amotivation. Haloperidol and clozapine were more effective at attenuating deficits caused by acute MK-801 administration.
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Gant JC, Thibault O, Blalock EM, Yang J, Bachstetter A, Kotick J, Schauwecker PE, Hauser KF, Smith GM, Mervis R, Li Y, Barnes GN. Decreased number of interneurons and increased seizures in neuropilin 2 deficient mice: implications for autism and epilepsy. Epilepsia 2008; 50:629-45. [PMID: 18657176 DOI: 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2008.01725.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Clinically, perturbations in the semaphorin signaling system have been associated with autism and epilepsy. The semaphorins have been implicated in guidance, migration, differentiation, and synaptic plasticity of neurons. The semaphorin 3F (Sema3F) ligand and its receptor, neuropilin 2 (NPN2) are highly expressed within limbic areas. NPN2 signaling may intimately direct the apposition of presynaptic and postsynaptic locations, facilitating the development and maturity of hippocampal synaptic function. To further understand the role of NPN2 signaling in central nevous system (CNS) plasticity, structural and functional alterations were assessed in NPN2 deficient mice. METHODS In NPN2 deficient mice, we measured seizure susceptibility after kainic acid or pentylenetetrazol, neuronal excitability and synaptic throughput in slice preparations, principal and interneuron cell counts with immunocytochemical protocols, synaptosomal protein levels with immunoblots, and dendritic morphology with Golgi-staining. RESULTS NPN2 deficient mice had shorter seizure latencies, increased vulnerability to seizure-related death, were more likely to develop spontaneous recurrent seizure activity after chemical challenge, and had an increased slope on input/output curves. Principal cell counts were unchanged, but GABA, parvalbumin, and neuropeptide Y interneuron cell counts were significantly reduced. Synaptosomal NPN2 protein levels and total number of GABAergic synapses were decreased in a gene dose-dependent fashion. CA1 pyramidal cells showed reduced dendritic length and complexity, as well as an increased number of dendritic spines. DISCUSSION These data suggest the novel hypothesis that the Sema 3F signaling system's role in appropriate placement of subsets of hippocampal interneurons has critical downstream consequences for hippocampal function, resulting in a more seizure susceptible phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C Gant
- Departments of Molecular and Biomedical Pharmacology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
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12
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Matsuoka T, Tsunoda M, Sumiyoshi T, Takasaki I, Tabuchi Y, Seo T, Tanaka K, Uehara T, Itoh H, Suzuki M, Kurachi M. Effect of MK-801 on gene expressions in the amygdala of rats. Synapse 2008; 62:1-7. [PMID: 17948890 DOI: 10.1002/syn.20455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Rodents treated with N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonists have been thought to be an animal model of schizophrenia. In this study, we examined gene expression in the amygdala of rats chronically treated with MK-801, as well as behavioral changes, such as social behavior, in these animals. The social interaction test, a measure of social behavior, and locomotor activity was performed in male Wistar rats injected with MK-801 (0.13 mg/kg i.p.) or saline for 14 days. Changes in mRNA levels were analyzed using a GeneChip microarray system. Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) assay was subsequently conducted to confirm the results of the microarray analysis. MK-801 decreased social interaction and increased locomotor activity in rats, consistent with previous reports. We found 23 downregulated genes and 16 upregulated genes, with the gene encoding arginine-vasopressin (AVP) being most downregulated, and that for transthyretin (Ttr) most upregulated. mRNA levels, quantified by RT-qPCR assay, were altered for genes related to neuropeptides (AVP, Sstr2), the arachidonic cascade (Ptgds), myelination (Mobp, Enpp2), neurotrophic factors (Igfbp2), and hormonal milieu (Ttr). Downregulation of the AVP gene in the amygdala of MK-801-treated rats may provide a basis for the ability of AVP-analogues to ameliorate the behavioral disturbances caused by blockade of the NMDA receptor. The results of this study provide an insight into the neural substrates responsible for the generation of psychotic symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadasu Matsuoka
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
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Kawabe K, Iwasaki T, Ichitani Y. Repeated treatment with N-methyl-d-aspartate antagonists in neonatal, but not adult, rats causes long-term deficits of radial-arm maze learning. Brain Res 2007; 1169:77-86. [PMID: 17706184 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2007.06.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2006] [Revised: 06/27/2007] [Accepted: 06/30/2007] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Brain glutamatergic system is involved in synaptic plasticity as a base for learning and neural development. This study investigated the effects of neonatal and adult chronic antagonism of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, a subtype of glutamate receptors, on learning and/or memory. Rats were trained in the radial-maze learning, which is known as a measure of spatial working memory capacities, in adulthood after neonatal or adult repeated treatment of MK-801 (dizocilpine; 5-methyl-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d]-cyclohepten-5,10-imine), a non-competitive antagonist, or neonatal repeated treatment of CGS 19755 (cis-4-phosphonomethyl-2-piperadine carboxilic acid), a competitive antagonist. Neonatal repeated treatment of MK-801 or CGS 19755 markedly impaired the radial-arm maze learning. In addition, the treatment altered activities differently in the radial-maze and in the open-field. On the other hand, adult repeated treatment with MK-801 affected neither the radial-maze learning nor activities. Results suggest that chronic blockade of NMDA receptors in a neonatal stage may produce long-lasting deteriorative effects on spatial working memory in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouichi Kawabe
- Graduate School of Literature and Human Sciences, Osaka City University, Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
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Mann F, Chauvet S, Rougon G. Semaphorins in development and adult brain: Implication for neurological diseases. Prog Neurobiol 2007; 82:57-79. [PMID: 17537564 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2007.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2006] [Revised: 01/18/2007] [Accepted: 02/26/2007] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
As a group, Semaphorins are expressed in most tissues and this distribution varies considerably with age. Semaphorins are dynamically expressed during embryonic development and their expression is often associated with growing axons. This expression decreases with maturity and several observations support the idea that in adult brain the expression of secreted Semaphorins is sensitive to electrical activity and experience. The functional role of Semaphorins in guiding axonal projections is well established and more recent evidence points to additional roles in the development, function and reorganization of synaptic complexes. Semaphorins exert the majority of their effects by binding to cognate receptor proteins through their extracellular domains. A common theme is that Semaphorin-triggered signalling induces the rearrangement of the actin and microtubule cytoskeleton. Mutations in Semaphorin genes are linked to several human diseases associated with neurological changes, but their actual influence in the pathogenesis of these diseases remains to be demonstrated. In addition, Semaphorins and their receptors are likely to mediate cross-talk between neurons and other cell types, including in pathological situations where their influence can be damaging or favourable depending on the context. We discuss how the manipulation of Semaphorin function might be crucial for future clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Mann
- CNRS UMR 6216, Université de la Méditerranée, Developmental Biology Institute of Marseille Luminy, Case 907, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France
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Bryant CD, Eitan S, Sinchak K, Fanselow MS, Evans CJ. NMDA receptor antagonism disrupts the development of morphine analgesic tolerance in male, but not female C57BL/6J mice. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2006; 291:R315-26. [PMID: 16601258 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00831.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Multiple studies demonstrate that coadministration of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists with the opioid agonist morphine attenuates the development of analgesic tolerance. Sex differences in the effects of noncompetitive, but not competitive NMDA receptor antagonists on acute morphine analgesia, have been reported in mice, yet the role of sex in modulation of morphine tolerance by NMDA receptor antagonists has yet to be addressed. Therefore, we tested whether there is a sex difference in the effect of NMDA receptor antagonists on the development of morphine analgesic tolerance in C57BL/6J mice. Acutely, at a dose required to affect morphine tolerance in male mice, the noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist dizocilpine (MK-801) prolonged morphine analgesia similarly in both sexes in the hot plate and tail withdrawal assays. In the hot plate assay, coadministration of MK-801 or the competitive antagonist 3-(2-carboxpiperazin-4-yl)propyl-1-phosphanoic acid (CPP) with morphine attenuated the development of tolerance in male mice, while having no effect in females. Like normal and sham females, ovariectomized mice were similarly insensitive to the attenuation of morphine tolerance by MK-801 in the hot plate assay. Surprisingly, in the tail withdrawal assay, MK-801 facilitated the development of morphine-induced hyperalgesia and tolerance in males but not females. The results demonstrate that male mice are more sensitive to modulation of nociception and morphine analgesia after repeated coadministration of NMDA receptor antagonists. Furthermore, the underlying mechanisms are likely to be different from those mediating the sex difference in the modulation of acute morphine analgesia that has previously been reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camron D Bryant
- Interdepartmental Program in Neuroscience, Hatos Center for Neuropharmacology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
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Sahay A, Kim CH, Sepkuty JP, Cho E, Huganir RL, Ginty DD, Kolodkin AL. Secreted semaphorins modulate synaptic transmission in the adult hippocampus. J Neurosci 2006; 25:3613-20. [PMID: 15814792 PMCID: PMC6725392 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.5255-04.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Modulation of synaptic activity is critical for neural circuit function and behavior. The semaphorins are a large, phylogenetically conserved protein family with important roles in neural development. However, semaphorin function in the adult brain has yet to be determined. Here, we show that the coreceptors for secreted semaphorins, the neuropilins, are found at synapses and localize to molecular layers of the adult mouse hippocampus and accessory olfactory cortex. Moreover, application of the secreted semaphorin Sema3F to acute hippocampal slices modulates both the frequency and amplitude of miniature EPSCs in granule cells of the dentate gyrus and pyramidal neurons of CA1. Finally, we show that mice lacking Sema3F are prone to seizures. These results suggest a novel role for semaphorins as synaptic modulators and illustrate the diverse repertoire of these guidance cues in both the formation and function of neural circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amar Sahay
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
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James AB, Conway AM, Morris BJ. Genomic profiling of the neuronal target genes of the plasticity-related transcription factor -- Zif268. J Neurochem 2005; 95:796-810. [PMID: 16248890 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2005.03400.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The later phases of neuronal plasticity are invariably dependent on gene transcription. Induction of the transcription factor Zif268 (Egr-1) in neurones is closely associated with many forms of functional plasticity, yet the neuronal target genes modulated by Zif268 have not been characterized. After transfection of a neuronal cell line with Zif268 we identified genes that show altered expression using high density microarrays. Although some of the genes identified have previously been associated with forms of neuronal plasticity, the majority have not been linked with neuronal plasticity or Zif268 action. Altered expression of a representative sample of the novel target genes was confirmed in Zif268-transfected PC12 neurones, and in in vitro and in vivo models of Zif268-associated neuronal plasticity. In particular, altered expression of the protease inhibitor Cystatin C and the chemokine Cxcl10 was observed in striatal tissue after haloperidol administration. Surprisingly, the group of identified genes is enriched for components of the proteasome and the major histocompatibility complex. Our findings suggest that altered expression of these genes following Zif268 induction may be a key component of long lasting plasticity in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan B James
- Division of Neuroscience and Biomedical Systems, Institute of Biomedical and Life Sciences, West Medical Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland, UK
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Paterlini M, Zakharenko SS, Lai WS, Qin J, Zhang H, Mukai J, Westphal KGC, Olivier B, Sulzer D, Pavlidis P, Siegelbaum SA, Karayiorgou M, Gogos JA. Transcriptional and behavioral interaction between 22q11.2 orthologs modulates schizophrenia-related phenotypes in mice. Nat Neurosci 2005; 8:1586-94. [PMID: 16234811 DOI: 10.1038/nn1562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2005] [Accepted: 09/19/2005] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Microdeletions of 22q11.2 represent one of the highest known genetic risk factors for schizophrenia. It is likely that more than one gene contributes to the marked risk associated with this locus. Two of the candidate risk genes encode the enzymes proline dehydrogenase (PRODH) and catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), which modulate the levels of a putative neuromodulator (L-proline) and the neurotransmitter dopamine, respectively. Mice that model the state of PRODH deficiency observed in humans with schizophrenia show increased neurotransmitter release at glutamatergic synapses as well as deficits in associative learning and response to psychomimetic drugs. Transcriptional profiling and pharmacological manipulations identified a transcriptional and behavioral interaction between the Prodh and Comt genes that is likely to represent a homeostatic response to enhanced dopaminergic signaling in the frontal cortex. This interaction modulates a number of schizophrenia-related phenotypes, providing a framework for understanding the high disease risk associated with this locus, the expression of the phenotype, or both.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Paterlini
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, 701 West 168th Street, New York, New York 10032, USA
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Buck N, Cali S, Behr J. Enhancement of long-term potentiation at CA1-subiculum synapses in MK-801-treated rats. Neurosci Lett 2005; 392:5-9. [PMID: 16183195 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2005.08.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2005] [Revised: 08/17/2005] [Accepted: 08/24/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The subiculum plays a key role in processing neuronal information from the hippocampus to different cortical and subcortical brain regions. The subicular projections to the nucleus accumbens and the prefrontal cortex have received increasing attention, as alterations of their activity seem to be involved in schizophrenia. Phencyclidine and other non-competitive antagonists of NMDA receptors (such as ketamine and MK-801) induce psychotic effects in humans that closely resemble the positive, negative and cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia. Using the MK-801 model of psychosis, we investigated the time course of alterations of synaptic transmission and plasticity at CA1-subiculum synapses of hippocampal brain slices 4 h, 24 h and 4 weeks after MK-801 treatment. We report here that systemic application of MK-801 causes a facilitation of LTP at CA1-subiculum synapses 24 h after treatment as compared with control LTP. Four weeks after MK-801 treatment, the magnitude of LTP reversed to control values. The priming of LTP 24 h after systemic application of MK-801 suggest a new form of metaplasticity that sheds light on the delayed facilitating effect of this drug on synaptic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Buck
- Neuroscience Research Center, Charite University Medicine Berlin, Campus Charite Mitte, Schumannstr. 20/21, Germany
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Wang C, Fridley J, Johnson KM. The role of NMDA receptor upregulation in phencyclidine-induced cortical apoptosis in organotypic culture. Biochem Pharmacol 2005; 69:1373-83. [PMID: 15826608 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2005.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2005] [Revised: 02/14/2005] [Accepted: 02/24/2005] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Phencyclidine (PCP) is an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonist known to cause selective neurotoxicity in the cortex following subchronic administration. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that upregulation of the NMDAR plays a role in PCP-induced apoptotic cell death. Corticostriatal slice cultures were used to determine the effects of NMDAR subunit antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) on PCP-induced apoptosis and NMDAR upregulation. NR1, NR2A or NR2B antisense ODNs were incubated alone or with PCP for 48h. One day following washout, it was observed that PCP treatment caused an increase in NR1, NR2A and Bax polypeptides in the cortex, but had no effect on Bcl-xL. These increases were associated with an increase in cortical histone-associated DNA fragments. Co-incubation of PCP with either NR1 or NR2A antisense significantly reduced PCP-induced apoptosis, while neither NR2B antisense ODN nor NR1 sense ODN used as a control had an effect. This effect was exactly correlated with the ability of the antisense ODNs to prevent PCP-induced upregulation of NR subunit proteins and the pro-apoptotic protein, Bax. That is, western analysis showed that antisense ODNs directed against either NR1 or NR2A prevented PCP-induced increases in Bax in addition to preventing the upregulation of the respective receptor proteins. On the other hand, the NR2B antisense ODN had no effect on either NR2B protein or on Bax. These data suggest that NR1 and NR2A antisense ODNs offer neuroprotection from apoptosis, and that upregulation of the NR1 and NR2A subunits following PCP administration is at least partly responsible for the observed apoptotic DNA fragmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-1031, USA
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Marcotte ER, Srivastava LK, Quirion R. cDNA microarray and proteomic approaches in the study of brain diseases: focus on schizophrenia and Alzheimer's disease. Pharmacol Ther 2004; 100:63-74. [PMID: 14550505 DOI: 10.1016/s0163-7258(03)00086-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in experimental genomics and proteomics, coupled with the wealth of sequence information available for a variety of organisms, have tremendous implications for how biomedical research is performed. Genomic techniques, such as complementary DNA (cDNA) microarrays, currently allow researchers to quickly and accurately quantify vast numbers of potential gene expression changes simultaneously. Modern proteomic techniques allow for the detection and elucidation of protein-protein interactions on a scale and at a speed never before possible. Although hurdles remain, together, these tools open the possibility of enormous change in our ability to analyze and interpret complex biological processes. The field of neuroscience is particularly well suited to analysis with these new techniques, given the complexity of neuronal signaling and the diversity of cellular responses. This review summarizes the major cDNA microarray and proteomic findings of relevance to schizophrenia and Alzheimer's disease (AD) as 2 representative areas of neuroscience research. The potential for these techniques to help unravel the underlying pathology of complex neurological and neuropsychiatric conditions is considerable and warrants continued investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric R Marcotte
- Institute of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Addiction, Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) and Douglas Hospital Research Centre, McGill University, H4H 1R3, Verdun, Quebec, Canada
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