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Bhuiyan M, Souris J, Kucharski A, Freifelder R, Mukherjee J, Chen CT. A simplified protocol for the automated production of 2-[ 18 F]fluoro-3-[2-((S)-3-pyrrolinyl)methoxy]pyridine ([ 18 F]nifene) on an IBA Synthera® module. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2024; 67:31-36. [PMID: 37927198 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.4071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
The α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) ligand 2-[18 F]fluoro-3-[2-((S)-3-pyrrolinyl)methoxy]pyridine ([18 F]nifene) has been synthesized in 10% decay-corrected radiochemical yield using the IBA Synthera® platform (IBA Cyclotron Solutions, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium) with an integrated fluidic processor (IFP). Boc-nitronifene served as the precursor, and 20% trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) was used to deprotect the Boc-group after radiolabeling. By omitting the solvent extraction step after radiolabeling, the process was simplified to a single step with no manual intervention. [18 F]Nifene was obtained in decay-corrected radiochemical yields of 10 ± 2% (n = 20) and radiochemical purity >99%. Typical specific radioactivities of 2700-4865 mCi/μmole (100-180 GBq/μmol) were measured at the end of synthesis; total synthesis times were about 1 h 40 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Bhuiyan
- Department of Radiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jeffrey Souris
- Department of Radiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Anna Kucharski
- Department of Radiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Jogeshwar Mukherjee
- Department of Radiological Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Chin-Tu Chen
- Department of Radiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Sander CY, Hesse S. News and views on in-vivo imaging of neurotransmission using PET and MRI. THE QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND MOLECULAR IMAGING : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE ITALIAN ASSOCIATION OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE (AIMN) [AND] THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF RADIOPHARMACOLOGY (IAR), [AND] SECTION OF THE SOCIETY OF... 2017; 61:414-428. [PMID: 28750497 PMCID: PMC5916779 DOI: 10.23736/s1824-4785.17.03019-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Molecular neuroimaging with PET is an integrated tool in psychiatry research and drug-development for as long as this modality has been available, in particular for studying neurotransmission and endogenous neurotransmitter release. Pharmacologic, behavioral and other types of challenges are currently applied to induce changes in neurochemical levels that can be inferred through their effects on changes in receptor binding and related outcome measures. Based on the availability of tracers that are sensitive for measuring neurotransmitter release these experiments have focused on the brain's dopamine system, while recent developments have extended those studies to other targets such as the serotonin or choline system. With the introduction of hybrid, truly simultaneous PET/MRI systems, in-vivo imaging of the dynamics of neuroreceptor signal transmission in the brain using PET and functional MRI (fMRI) has become possible. fMRI has the ability to provide information about the effects of receptor function that are complementary to the PET measurement. Dynamic acquisition of both PET and fMRI signals enables not only an in-vivo real-time assessment of neurotransmitter or drug binding to receptors but also dynamic receptor adaptations and receptor-specific neurotransmission. While fMRI temporal resolution is comparatively fast in relation to PET, the timescale of observable biological processes is highly dependent on the kinetics of radiotracers and study design. Overall, the combination of the specificity of PET radiotracers to neuroreceptors, fMRI signal as a functional readout and integrated study design promises to expand our understanding of the location, propagation and connections of brain activity in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christin Y Sander
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA -
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA -
| | - Swen Hesse
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Integrated Treatment and Research Center (IFB) Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
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Kassenbrock A, Vasdev N, Liang SH. Selected PET Radioligands for Ion Channel Linked Neuroreceptor Imaging: Focus on GABA, NMDA and nACh Receptors. Curr Top Med Chem 2017; 16:1830-42. [PMID: 26975506 DOI: 10.2174/1568026616666160315142457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 08/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) neuroimaging of ion channel linked receptors is a developing area of preclinical and clinical research. The present review focuses on recent advances with radiochemistry, preclinical and clinical PET imaging studies of three receptors that are actively pursued in neuropsychiatric drug discovery: namely the γ-aminobutyric acid-benzodiazapine (GABA) receptor, nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR), and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor. Recent efforts to develop new PET radioligands for these targets with improved brain uptake, selectivity, stability and pharmacokinetics are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Steven H Liang
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Zhai Y, Yamashita T, Nakano Y, Sun Z, Shang J, Feng T, Morihara R, Fukui Y, Ohta Y, Hishikawa N, Abe K. Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion Accelerates Alzheimer’s Disease Pathology with Cerebrovascular Remodeling in a Novel Mouse Model. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 53:893-905. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-160345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Hillmer AT, Esterlis I, Gallezot JD, Bois F, Zheng MQ, Nabulsi N, Lin SF, Papke RL, Huang Y, Sabri O, Carson RE, Cosgrove KP. Imaging of cerebral α4β2* nicotinic acetylcholine receptors with (-)-[(18)F]Flubatine PET: Implementation of bolus plus constant infusion and sensitivity to acetylcholine in human brain. Neuroimage 2016; 141:71-80. [PMID: 27426839 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The positron emission tomography (PET) radioligand (-)-[(18)F]flubatine is specific to α4β2(⁎) nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) and has promise for future investigation of the acetylcholine system in neuropathologies such as Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, and substance use disorders. The two goals of this work were to develop a simplified method for α4β2(⁎) nAChR quantification with bolus plus constant infusion (B/I) (-)-[(18)F]flubatine administration, and to assess the radioligand's sensitivity to acetylcholine fluctuations in humans. Healthy human subjects were imaged following either bolus injection (n=8) or B/I (n=4) administration of (-)-[(18)F]flubatine. The metabolite-corrected input function in arterial blood was measured. Free-fraction corrected distribution volumes (VT/fP) were estimated with modeling and graphical analysis techniques. Next, sensitivity to acetylcholine was assessed in two ways: 1. A bolus injection paradigm with two scans (n=6), baseline (scan 1) and physostigmine challenge (scan 2; 1.5mg over 60min beginning 5min prior to radiotracer injection); 2. A single scan B/I paradigm (n=7) lasting up to 240min with 1.5mg physostigmine administered over 60min beginning at 125min of radiotracer infusion. Changes in VT/fP were measured. Baseline VT/fP values were 33.8±3.3mL/cm(3) in thalamus, 12.9±1.6mL/cm(3) in cerebellum, and ranged from 9.8 to 12.5mL/cm(3) in other gray matter regions. The B/I paradigm with equilibrium analysis at 120min yielded comparable VT/fP values with compartment modeling analysis of bolus data in extrathalamic gray matter regions (regional means <4% different). Changes in VT/fP following physostigmine administration were small and most pronounced in cortical regions, ranging from 0.8 to 4.6% in the two-scan paradigm and 2.8 to 6.5% with the B/I paradigm. These results demonstrate the use of B/I administration for accurate quantification of (-)-[(18)F]flubatine VT/fP in 120min, and suggest possible sensitivity of (-)-[(18)F]flubatine binding to physostigmine-induced changes in acetylcholine levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- A T Hillmer
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States; Yale PET Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.
| | - I Esterlis
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States; Yale PET Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - J D Gallezot
- Yale PET Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - F Bois
- Yale PET Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - M Q Zheng
- Yale PET Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - N Nabulsi
- Yale PET Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - S F Lin
- Yale PET Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - R L Papke
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Y Huang
- Yale PET Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - O Sabri
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - R E Carson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States; Yale PET Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - K P Cosgrove
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States; Yale PET Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States; Department of Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
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Finnema SJ, Scheinin M, Shahid M, Lehto J, Borroni E, Bang-Andersen B, Sallinen J, Wong E, Farde L, Halldin C, Grimwood S. Application of cross-species PET imaging to assess neurotransmitter release in brain. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2015; 232:4129-57. [PMID: 25921033 PMCID: PMC4600473 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-015-3938-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE This review attempts to summarize the current status in relation to the use of positron emission tomography (PET) imaging in the assessment of synaptic concentrations of endogenous mediators in the living brain. OBJECTIVES Although PET radioligands are now available for more than 40 CNS targets, at the initiation of the Innovative Medicines Initiative (IMI) "Novel Methods leading to New Medications in Depression and Schizophrenia" (NEWMEDS) in 2009, PET radioligands sensitive to an endogenous neurotransmitter were only validated for dopamine. NEWMEDS work-package 5, "Cross-species and neurochemical imaging (PET) methods for drug discovery", commenced with a focus on developing methods enabling assessment of changes in extracellular concentrations of serotonin and noradrenaline in the brain. RESULTS Sharing the workload across institutions, we utilized in vitro techniques with cells and tissues, in vivo receptor binding and microdialysis techniques in rodents, and in vivo PET imaging in non-human primates and humans. Here, we discuss these efforts and review other recently published reports on the use of radioligands to assess changes in endogenous levels of dopamine, serotonin, noradrenaline, γ-aminobutyric acid, glutamate, acetylcholine, and opioid peptides. The emphasis is on assessment of the availability of appropriate translational tools (PET radioligands, pharmacological challenge agents) and on studies in non-human primates and human subjects, as well as current challenges and future directions. CONCLUSIONS PET imaging directed at investigating changes in endogenous neurochemicals, including the work done in NEWMEDS, have highlighted an opportunity to further extend the capability and application of this technology in drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sjoerd J. Finnema
- />Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mika Scheinin
- />Department of Pharmacology, Drug Development and Therapeutics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland , />Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Mohammed Shahid
- />Research and Development, Orion Corporation, Orion Pharma, Turku, Finland
| | - Jussi Lehto
- />Department of Pharmacology, Drug Development and Therapeutics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Edilio Borroni
- />Neuroscience Department, Hoffman-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Jukka Sallinen
- />Research and Development, Orion Corporation, Orion Pharma, Turku, Finland
| | - Erik Wong
- />Neuroscience Innovative Medicine Unit, AstraZeneca, Wilmington, DE USA
| | - Lars Farde
- />Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden , />Translational Science Center at Karolinska Institutet, AstraZeneca, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christer Halldin
- />Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sarah Grimwood
- Neuroscience Research Unit, Pfizer Inc, Cambridge, MA, USA. .,, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
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Gallezot JD, Esterlis I, Bois F, Zheng MQ, Lin SF, Kloczynski T, Krystal JH, Huang Y, Sabri O, Carson RE, Cosgrove KP. Evaluation of the sensitivity of the novel α4β2* nicotinic acetylcholine receptor PET radioligand 18F-(-)-NCFHEB to increases in synaptic acetylcholine levels in rhesus monkeys. Synapse 2014; 68:556-64. [PMID: 25043426 DOI: 10.1002/syn.21767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE 18F-(-)-NCFHEB (also known as 18F-(-)-Flubatine) is a new radioligand to image α4β2* nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in vivo with positron emission tomography (PET), with faster kinetics than previous radioligands such as 18F-2-F-A85380. The goal of this study was to assess the sensitivity of 18F-(-)-NCFHEB-PET to increases in synaptic acetylcholine concentration induced by acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. METHODS Two rhesus monkeys were scanned four times each on a Focus 220 scanner: first at baseline, then during two bolus plus infusions of physostigmine (0.06-0.28 mg/kg), and finally following a bolus injection of donepezil (0.25 mg/kg). The arterial input function and the plasma free fraction fP were measured. 18F-(-)-NCFHEB volume of distribution VT was estimated using the multilinear analysis MA1 and then normalized by plasma free fraction fP . RESULTS 18F-(-)-NCFHEB fP was 0.89±0.04. At baseline, 18F-(-)-NCFHEB VT /fP ranged from 7.9±1.3 mL plasma/cm3 tissue in the cerebellum to 34.3±8.4 mL plasma/cm3 tissue in the thalamus. Physostigmine induced a dose-dependent reduction of 18F-(-)-NCFHEB VT /fP of 34±9% in the putamen, 32±8% in the thalamus, 25±8% in the cortex, and 23±10% in the hippocampus. With donepezil, 18F-(-)-NCFHEB VT /fP was reduced by 24±2%, 14+3% and 14±5%, 10±6% in the same regions. CONCLUSION 18F-(-)-NCFHEB can be used to detect changes in synaptic acetylcholine concentration and is a promising tracer to study acetylcholine dynamics with shorter scan durations than previous radioligands.
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Hillmer AT, Tudorascu DL, Wooten DW, Lao PJ, Barnhart TE, Ahlers EO, Resch LM, Larson JA, Converse AK, Moore CF, Schneider ML, Christian BT. Changes in the α4β2* nicotinic acetylcholine system during chronic controlled alcohol exposure in nonhuman primates. Drug Alcohol Depend 2014; 138:216-9. [PMID: 24602361 PMCID: PMC3992705 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Revised: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The precise nature of modifications to the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) system in response to chronic ethanol exposure is poorly understood. The present work used PET imaging to assay α4β2* nAChR binding levels of eight rhesus monkeys before and during controlled chronic ethanol intake. METHODS [(18)F]Nifene PET scans were conducted prior to alcohol exposure, and then again after at least 8 months controlled ethanol exposure, including 6 months at 1.5 g/kg/day following a dose escalation period. Receptor binding levels were quantified with binding potentials (BPND) using the cerebellum as a reference region. Alcohol self-administration was assessed as average daily alcohol intake during a 2 month free drinking period immediately following controlled alcohol. RESULTS Significant decreases in α4β2* nAChR binding were observed in both frontal and insular cortex in response to chronic ethanol exposure. During chronic alcohol exposure, BPND in the lateral geniculate region correlated positively with the amount of alcohol consumed during free drinking. CONCLUSIONS The observed decreases in nAChR availability following chronic alcohol consumption suggest alterations to this receptor system in response to repeated alcohol administration, making this an important target for further study in alcohol abuse and alcohol and nicotine codependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ansel T. Hillmer
- Waisman Laboratory for Brain Imaging and Behavior, University of Wisconsin, Madison 1500 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53705,Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison 1111 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53705
| | - Dana L. Tudorascu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Meyran Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213,Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Meyran Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213
| | - Dustin W. Wooten
- Waisman Laboratory for Brain Imaging and Behavior, University of Wisconsin, Madison 1500 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53705,Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison 1111 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53705
| | - Patrick J. Lao
- Waisman Laboratory for Brain Imaging and Behavior, University of Wisconsin, Madison 1500 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53705,Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison 1111 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53705
| | - Todd E. Barnhart
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison 1111 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53705
| | - Elizabeth O. Ahlers
- Waisman Laboratory for Brain Imaging and Behavior, University of Wisconsin, Madison 1500 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53705
| | - Leslie M. Resch
- Harlow Center for Biological Psychology, University of Wisconsin, Madison 22 North Charter St. Madison, WI 53715,Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison 2000 Observatory Dr. Madison, WI 53706
| | - Julie A. Larson
- Harlow Center for Biological Psychology, University of Wisconsin, Madison 22 North Charter St. Madison, WI 53715,Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison 2000 Observatory Dr. Madison, WI 53706
| | - Alexander K. Converse
- Waisman Laboratory for Brain Imaging and Behavior, University of Wisconsin, Madison 1500 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53705
| | - Colleen F. Moore
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin, Madison 1202 W. Johnson Street Madison, WI 53706,Department of Psychology, Montana State University, P.O. Box 173440, Bozeman, MT 59717
| | - Mary L. Schneider
- Harlow Center for Biological Psychology, University of Wisconsin, Madison 22 North Charter St. Madison, WI 53715,Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison 2000 Observatory Dr. Madison, WI 53706,Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin, Madison 1202 W. Johnson Street Madison, WI 53706
| | - Bradley T. Christian
- Waisman Laboratory for Brain Imaging and Behavior, University of Wisconsin, Madison 1500 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53705,Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison 1111 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53705,Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin, Madison
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