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Dos Santos FV, Siqueira RL, de Morais Ramos L, Yoshioka SA, Branciforti MC, Correa DS. Silk fibroin-derived electrospun materials for biomedical applications: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127641. [PMID: 37913875 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Electrospinning is a versatile technique for fabricating polymeric fibers with diameters ranging from micro- to nanoscale, exhibiting multiple morphologies and arrangements. By combining silk fibroin (SF) with synthetic and/or natural polymers, electrospun materials with outstanding biological, chemical, electrical, physical, mechanical, and optical properties can be achieved, fulfilling the evolving biomedical demands. This review highlights the remarkable versatility of SF-derived electrospun materials, specifically focusing on their application in tissue regeneration (including cartilage, cornea, nerves, blood vessels, bones, and skin), disease treatment (such as cancer and diabetes), and the development of controlled drug delivery systems. Additionally, we explore the potential future trends in utilizing these nanofibrous materials for creating intelligent biomaterials, incorporating biosensors and wearable sensors for monitoring human health, and also discuss the bottlenecks for its widespread use. This comprehensive overview illuminates the significant impact and exciting prospects of SF-derived electrospun materials in advancing biomedical research and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Vieira Dos Santos
- Nanotechnology National Laboratory for Agriculture, Embrapa Instrumentação, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil; Materials Engineering Department, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, 13563-120 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Renato Luiz Siqueira
- Materials Engineering Department, Federal University of São Carlos, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucas de Morais Ramos
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Akinobu Yoshioka
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biomaterials, São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Márcia Cristina Branciforti
- Materials Engineering Department, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, 13563-120 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniel Souza Correa
- Nanotechnology National Laboratory for Agriculture, Embrapa Instrumentação, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil; Materials Engineering Department, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, 13563-120 São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
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2
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Mao W, Lee E, Cho W, Kang BJ, Yoo HS. Cell-directed assembly of luminal nanofibril fillers in nerve conduits for peripheral nerve repair. Biomaterials 2023; 301:122209. [PMID: 37421670 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Graphene and its derivatives, graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO), have attracted significant attention in the field of tissue engineering, particularly in nerve and muscle regeneration, owing to their excellent electrical conductivity. This paper reports the fabrication of cell-mixable rGO-decorated polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofibrils (NFs) to promote peripheral nerve repair with the assistant of electron transmission by rGO and cytokine paracrine by stem cells. Oxidized GO (GO-COOH) and branched polyethylenimine are layer-by-layer coated on hydrolyzed PCL NFs via electrostatic interaction, and the number of layering is manipulated to adjust the GO-COOH coating amount. The decorated GO-COOH is reduced in situ to rGO for electrical conductivity retrieval. PC12 cells cultivated with rGO-coated NF demonstrate spontaneous cell sheet assembly, and neurogenic differentiation is observed upon electrical stimulation. When transplant nerve guidance conduit containing the assembly of rGO-coated NF and adipose-derived stem cell to the site of neurotmesis injury of a sciatic nerve, animal movement is enhanced and autotomy is ameliorated for 8 weeks compared to transplanting the hollow conduit only. Histological analysis results reveal higher levels of muscle mass and lower levels of collagen deposition in the triceps surae muscle of the rGO-coated NF-treated legs. Therefore, the rGO-layered NF can be tailored to repair peripheral nerve injuries in combination with stem cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Mao
- Department of Biomedical Materials Engineering, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunbee Lee
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea; BK21 FOUR Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education and Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Wanho Cho
- Department of Biomedical Materials Engineering, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Jae Kang
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea; BK21 FOUR Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education and Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyuk Sang Yoo
- Department of Biomedical Materials Engineering, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea; Kangwon Radiation Convergence Research Support Center, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea; Institute for Molecular Science and Fusion Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Kim YE, Bae YJ, Jang MJ, Um IC. Effect of Sericin Content on the Structural Characteristics and Properties of New Silk Nonwoven Fabrics. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1186. [PMID: 37627251 PMCID: PMC10452508 DOI: 10.3390/biom13081186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, natural silk nonwoven fabrics have attracted attention in biomedical and cosmetic applications because of their excellent biocompatibility, mechanical properties, and easy preparation. Herein, silk nonwoven fabrics were prepared by carding silk filaments to improve their productivity, and the effect of sericin content on the structure and properties of silk nonwoven fabrics was investigated. Owing to the binding effect of sericin in silk, a natural silk nonwoven fabric was successfully prepared through carding, wetting, and hot press treatments. Sericin content affected the structural characteristics and properties of the silk nonwoven fabrics. As the sericin content increased, the silk nonwoven fabrics became more compact with reduced porosity and thickness. Further, with increasing sericin content, the crystallinity and elongation of the silk nonwoven fabrics decreased while the moisture regain and the maximum stress increased. The thermal stability of most silk nonwoven fabrics was not affected by the sericin content. However, silk nonwoven fabrics without sericin had a lower thermal decomposition temperature than other nonwoven fabrics. Regardless of the sericin content, all silk nonwoven fabrics exhibited optimal cell viability and are promising candidates for cosmetic and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Eun Kim
- Department of Biofibers and Biomaterials Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea (Y.J.B.)
| | - Yu Jeong Bae
- Department of Biofibers and Biomaterials Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea (Y.J.B.)
| | - Mi Jin Jang
- Preclinical Research Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - In Chul Um
- Department of Biofibers and Biomaterials Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea (Y.J.B.)
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4
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Choi YY, Jang MJ, Park BD, Um IC. Fabrication, Structure, and Properties of Nonwoven Silk Fabrics Prepared with Different Cocoon Layers. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11485. [PMID: 37511244 PMCID: PMC10380708 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, five different nonwoven silk fabrics were fabricated with silk fibers from different cocoon layers, and the effect of the cocoon layer on the structural characteristics and properties of the nonwoven silk fabric was examined. The diameter of the silk fiber and thickness of the nonwoven silk fabric decreased from the outer to the inner cocoon layer. More amino acids with higher hydrophilicity (serine, aspartic acid, and glutamic acid) and lower hydrophilicity (glycine and alanine) were observed in the outer layers. From the outer to the inner layer, the overall crystallinity and contact angle of the nonwoven silk fabric increased, whereas its yellowness index, moisture retention, and mechanical properties decreased. Regardless of the cocoon layer at which the fiber was sourced, the thermal stability of fibroin and sericin and good cell viability remained unchanged. The results of this study indicate that the properties of nonwoven silk fabric can be controlled by choosing silk fibers from the appropriate cocoon layers. Moreover, the findings in this study will increase the applicability of nonwoven silk fabric in the biomedical and cosmetic fields, which require specific properties for industrialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Yeong Choi
- Department of Biofibers and Biomaterials Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Jin Jang
- Preclinical Research Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Dae Park
- Department of Wood and Paper Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - In Chul Um
- Department of Biofibers and Biomaterials Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
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5
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Wu W, Dong Y, Liu H, Jiang X, Yang L, Luo J, Hu Y, Gou M. 3D printed elastic hydrogel conduits with 7,8-dihydroxyflavone release for peripheral nerve repair. Mater Today Bio 2023; 20:100652. [PMID: 37214548 PMCID: PMC10199216 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Nerve guide conduit is a promising treatment for long gap peripheral nerve injuries, yet its efficacy is limited. Drug-releasable scaffolds may provide reliable platforms to build a regenerative microenvironment for nerve recovery. In this study, an elastic hydrogel conduit encapsulating with prodrug nanoassemblies is fabricated by a continuous 3D printing technique for promoting nerve regeneration. The bioactive hydrogel is comprised of gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) and silk fibroin glycidyl methacrylate (SF-MA), exhibiting positive effects on adhesion, proliferation, and migration of Schwann cells. Meanwhile, 7,8-dihydroxyflavone (7,8-DHF) prodrug nanoassemblies with high drug-loading capacities are developed through self-assembly of the lipophilic prodrug and loaded into the GelMA/SF-MA hydrogel. The drug loading conduit could sustainedly release 7,8-DHF to facilitate neurite elongation. A 12 mm nerve defect model is established for therapeutic efficiency evaluation by implanting the conduit through surgical suturing with rat sciatic nerve. The electrophysiological, morphological, and histological assessments indicate that this conduit can promote axon regeneration, remyelination, and function recovery by providing a favorable microenvironment. These findings implicate that the GelMA/SF-MA conduit with 7,8-DHF release has potentials in the treatment of long-gap peripheral nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbi Wu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yinchu Dong
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Haofan Liu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xuebing Jiang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jing Luo
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yu Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan province, China
| | - Maling Gou
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
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6
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Zhang D, Wang Z, Ma L, Xu L, Fan S, Su Y, Shi X, Hu J, Zhao S, Li W, Linghu E, Yan L. Local injection of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells in silk fibroin solution on the regeneration of lower esophageal sphincter in an animal model of GERD. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:993741. [PMID: 37077418 PMCID: PMC10106618 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.993741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Presently, various tissue engineering methods using adult stem cells and biomaterials are being confirmed to regenerate vessels, cardiac muscle, bladder, and intestines. However, there are few studies about the repair of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) may help alleviate the symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). This study aims to determine whether Adipose-Derived Stem Cells (ADSCs) combined with regenerated silk fibroin (RSF) solution could regenerate the LES. In vitro, the ADSCs were isolated, identified, and then cultured with an established smooth muscular induction system. In vivo, in the experimental groups, CM-Dil labeled ADSCs or induced ADSCs mixed with RSF solution were injected into the LES of rats after the development of the animal model of GERD respectively. The results showed that ADSCs could be induced into smooth muscular-like cells with the expression of h-caldesmon, calponin, α-smooth muscle actin, and a smooth muscle-myosin heavy chain in vitro. In vivo, the thickness of LES in the experiment rats was much thicker than those in the controlled groups. This result indicated that ADSCs mixed with RSF solution might contribute to the regeneration of the LES, thus reducing the occurrence of GERD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daxu Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhanbo Wang
- Department of Pathology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lianjun Ma
- Endoscopy Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Lijuan Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Suna Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinan Su
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaonan Shi
- The Second Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center of Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjing Hu
- The Second Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center of Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shuo Zhao
- The Second Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center of Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - WeiLong Li
- The Second Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center of Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Enqiang Linghu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Enqiang Linghu, ; Li Yan,
| | - Li Yan
- The Second Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center of Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Enqiang Linghu, ; Li Yan,
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7
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Structural Characteristics and Properties of Cocoon and Regenerated Silk Fibroin from Different Silkworm Strains. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054965. [PMID: 36902396 PMCID: PMC10003124 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Silk has attracted the attention of researchers as a biomedical and cosmetic material because of its good biocompatibility and cytocompatibility. Silk is produced from the cocoons of silkworms, which have various strains. In this study, silkworm cocoons and silk fibroins (SFs) were obtained from ten silkworm strains, and their structural characteristics and properties were examined. The morphological structure of the cocoons depended on the silkworm strains. The degumming ratio of silk ranged from 22.8% to 28% depending on the silkworm strains. The highest and lowest solution viscosities of SF were shown by 9671 and 9153, respectively, showing a 12-fold difference. The silkworm strains of 9671, KJ5, and I-NOVI showed a two-fold higher work of ruptures for the regenerated SF film than 181 and 2203, indicating that the silkworm strains considerably influence the mechanical properties of the regenerated SF film. Regardless of the silkworm strain, all silkworm cocoons showed good cell viability, making them suitable candidates for advanced functional biomaterials.
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8
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Lee JH, Park BK, Um IC. Preparation of Highly Crystalline Silk Nanofibrils and Their Use in the Improvement of the Mechanical Properties of Silk Films. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911344. [PMID: 36232641 PMCID: PMC9570172 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to their commendable biocompatibility, regenerated silk fibroin (RSF) films have attracted considerable research interest. However, the poor mechanical properties of RSF films have limited their use in various biomedical applications. In this study, a novel, highly crystalline silk fibril was successfully extracted from silk by combining degumming with ultrasonication. Ultrasonication accelerated the development of silk nanofibrils measuring 130–200 nm on the surface of the over-degummed silk fibers, which was confirmed via scanning electron microscopy. Additionally, the crystallinity index of silk fibril was found to be significantly higher (~68%) than that of conventionally degummed silk (~54%), as confirmed by the Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy results. Furthermore, the breaking strength and elongation of the RSF film were increased 1.6 fold and 3.4 fold, respectively, following the addition of 15% silk nanofibrils. Thus, the mechanical properties of the RSF film were remarkably improved by the addition of the silk nanofibrils, implying that it can be used as an excellent reinforcing material for RSF films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hye Lee
- Department of Biofibers and Biomaterials Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Bo Kyung Park
- Buildings and Transportation Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, One Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - In Chul Um
- Department of Biofibers and Biomaterials Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
- Correspondence:
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9
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Silk/Rayon Webs and Nonwoven Fabrics: Fabrication, Structural Characteristics, and Properties. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147511. [PMID: 35886857 PMCID: PMC9321737 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Silk is a naturally occurring material and has been widely used in biomedical and cosmetic applications owing to its unique properties, including blood compatibility, excellent cytocompatibility, and a low inflammatory response in the body. A natural silk nonwoven fabric with good mechanical properties was recently developed using the binding property of sericin. In this study, silk/rayon composite nonwoven fabrics were developed to increase productivity and decrease production costs, and the effect of the silk/rayon composition on the structure and properties of the fabric was examined. The crystalline structure of silk and rayon was maintained in the fabric. As the silk content increased, the porosity and moisture regain of the silk/rayon web and nonwoven fabric decreased. As the silk content increased, the maximum stress of the web and nonwoven fabric increased, and the elongation decreased. Furthermore, the silk/rayon web exhibited the highest values of maximum stress and elongation at ~200 °C. Regardless of the silk/rayon composition, all silk/rayon nonwoven fabrics showed good cytocompatibility. Thus, the silk/rayon fabric is a promising material for cosmetic and biomedical applications owing to its diverse properties and high cell viability.
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10
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Biodegradable polymeric conduits: Platform materials for guided nerve regeneration and vascular tissue engineering. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.103014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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11
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Liu C, Wang Z, Yao X, Wang M, Huang Z, Li X. Sustained Biochemical Signaling and Contact Guidance by Electrospun Bicomponents as Promising Scaffolds for Nerve Tissue Regeneration. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:33010-33017. [PMID: 34901652 PMCID: PMC8655927 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c05117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Electrospun fibers are excellent delivery vehicles enabling a sustained release of growth factors to elicit favorable cell responses and are increasingly used in tissue engineering. Scaffolds with specific physical/topographical features can also guide cell migration and maturation. Therefore, growth factor-loaded electrospun scaffolds with a designed topography are promising for tissue regeneration. In this investigation, aligned-fiber scaffolds composed of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanofibers incorporating a glial cell line-derived growth factor and poly (d,l-lactic acid) nanofibers incorporating a nerve growth factor were produced by electrospinning. The scaffolds provided an aligned fibrous topography and a dual release of growth factors. The rat pheochromocytoma cell (PC12 cell) response to produced non-woven and aligned-fiber scaffolds with/without growth factors was studied. The dual release of growth factors and topographical cues provided by aligned-fiber bicomponent scaffolds induced significant neurite extension, neuronal differentiation, and neurite alignment in a synergistic manner. The scaffolds with predesigned biochemical/topographical cues demonstrated in this study might be promising for nerve tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyu Liu
- Department
of Research and Development, Shenzhen Shiningbiotek
Company Limited, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhiping Wang
- Department
of Research and Development, Shenzhen Anlv
Medical Technology Company Limited, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xumei Yao
- Department
of Research and Development, Shenzhen Shiningbiotek
Company Limited, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, The University
of Hong Kong, Pokfulam
Road, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Zhigang Huang
- Department
of General Practice, Peking University Shenzhen
Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China
| | - Xiaohua Li
- Department
of Research and Development, Shenzhen Shiningbiotek
Company Limited, Shenzhen 518055, China
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12
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Bae YS, Um IC. Effects of Fabrication Conditions on Structure and Properties of Mechanically Prepared Natural Silk Web and Non-Woven Fabrics. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13101578. [PMID: 34069044 PMCID: PMC8156477 DOI: 10.3390/polym13101578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, natural silk web and natural silk non-woven fabric were prepared mechanically using the binding character of the sericin in silk. The effect of process variables on the preparation, structure, and properties of the silk web and the non-woven fabric was examined. The reeling velocity affected the morphology and mechanical properties of the web but had almost no influence on the crystalline structure of the silk. From the viewpoint of reel-ability and the mechanical properties (work of rupture) of silk web, a reeling velocity of 39.2 m/min represented the optimal processing velocity. The porosity and swelling ratio of the silk web decreased slightly with increasing reeling velocity. Furthermore, the reeling bath temperature had a significant effect on the reel-ability of silk filaments from a silkworm cocoon. Bath temperatures ≥50 °C yielded good reel-ability (>900 m reeling length). The porosity, swelling ratio in water, and mechanical properties of the silk web and silk non-woven fabric changed only slightly with the reeling bath temperature but changed significantly with the hot press treatment. The hot-pressed silk web (i.e., silk non-woven fabric) exhibited higher tensile strength as well as lower elongation at break, porosity, and swelling ratio than the silk web.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon-Su Bae
- Department of Biofibers and Biomaterials Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea;
| | - In-Chul Um
- Department of Biofibers and Biomaterials Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea;
- Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-53-950-7757; Fax: +82-53-950-6744
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13
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Abstract
Sericin is a 10-to-400 kDa hydrophilic protein with high serine content and is a silk constituent together with fibroin. It is produced in the middle silk gland of the silkworm and encoded by four sericin genes. The molecular weight of sericin and its biological activity vary depending on the extraction method employed. Its chemical structure, in terms of random coil and β-sheet conformations, also differs with the extraction method, thereby extending its applications in various fields. Sericin, which was discarded in the textile industry in the past, is being applied and developed in the biomedical field, owing to its biological properties. In particular, many studies are underway in the field of tissue engineering, evaluating its applicability in burn dressing, drug delivery, bone regeneration, cartilage regeneration, and nerve regeneration.
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Mercado J, Pérez-Rigueiro J, González-Nieto D, Lozano-Picazo P, López P, Panetsos F, Elices M, Gañán-Calvo AM, Guinea GV, Ramos-Gómez M. Regenerated Silk Fibers Obtained by Straining Flow Spinning for Guiding Axonal Elongation in Primary Cortical Neurons. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:6842-6852. [PMID: 33320622 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c00985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The recovery of injured nervous tissue, one of the main goals for regenerative therapeutic approaches, is often hindered by the limited axonal regeneration ability of the central nervous system (CNS). In this regard, the identification of scaffolds that support the reconstruction of functional neuronal tissues and guide the alignment of regenerating neurons is a major challenge in tissue engineering. Ideally, the usage of such scaffolds would promote and guide the axonal growth, a crucial phase for the restoration of neuronal connections and, consequently, the nerve function. Among the materials proposed as scaffolds for CNS regeneration, silk has been used to exploit its outstanding features as a biomaterial to promote axonal regeneration. In this study, we explore, for the first time, the possibility of using high-performance regenerated silk fibers obtained by straining flow spinning (SFS) to serve as scaffolds for inducing and guiding the axonal growth. It is shown that SFS fibers promote the spontaneous organization of dissociated cortical primary cells into highly interconnected cellular spheroid-like tissue formations. Neuronal projections (i.e., axons) from these cellular spheroids span hundreds of microns along the SFS fibers that act as guides and allow the connection of distant spheroids. In addition, it is also shown that SFS fibers serve as scaffolds for neuronal migration covering short and long distances. As a consequence, the usage of high-performance SFS fibers appears as a promising basis for the development of novel therapies, leading to directed axonal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Mercado
- Center for Biomedical Technology (CTB), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Pérez-Rigueiro
- Center for Biomedical Technology (CTB), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Ciencia de Materiales, ETSI Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel González-Nieto
- Center for Biomedical Technology (CTB), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Tecnología Fotónica y Bioingeniería, ETSI Telecomunicaciones, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Lozano-Picazo
- Center for Biomedical Technology (CTB), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Ciencia de Materiales, ETSI Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia López
- Center for Biomedical Technology (CTB), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Ciencia de Materiales, ETSI Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Fivos Panetsos
- Neurocomputing and Neurorobotics Research Group, Faculty of Biology and Faculty of Optics, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.,Brain Plasticity Group, Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Elices
- Departamento de Ciencia de Materiales, ETSI Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfonso M Gañán-Calvo
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros, Universidad de Sevilla, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Gustavo V Guinea
- Center for Biomedical Technology (CTB), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Ciencia de Materiales, ETSI Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Milagros Ramos-Gómez
- Center for Biomedical Technology (CTB), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Tecnología Fotónica y Bioingeniería, ETSI Telecomunicaciones, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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15
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Fornasari BE, Carta G, Gambarotta G, Raimondo S. Natural-Based Biomaterials for Peripheral Nerve Injury Repair. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:554257. [PMID: 33178670 PMCID: PMC7596179 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.554257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injury treatment is a relevant problem because of nerve lesion high incidence and because of unsatisfactory regeneration after severe injuries, thus resulting in a reduced patient's life quality. To repair severe nerve injuries characterized by substance loss and to improve the regeneration outcome at both motor and sensory level, different strategies have been investigated. Although autograft remains the gold standard technique, a growing number of research articles concerning nerve conduit use has been reported in the last years. Nerve conduits aim to overcome autograft disadvantages, but they must satisfy some requirements to be suitable for nerve repair. A universal ideal conduit does not exist, since conduit properties have to be evaluated case by case; nevertheless, because of their high biocompatibility and biodegradability, natural-based biomaterials have great potentiality to be used to produce nerve guides. Although they share many characteristics with synthetic biomaterials, natural-based biomaterials should also be preferable because of their extraction sources; indeed, these biomaterials are obtained from different renewable sources or food waste, thus reducing environmental impact and enhancing sustainability in comparison to synthetic ones. This review reports the strengths and weaknesses of natural-based biomaterials used for manufacturing peripheral nerve conduits, analyzing the interactions between natural-based biomaterials and biological environment. Particular attention was paid to the description of the preclinical outcome of nerve regeneration in injury repaired with the different natural-based conduits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedetta E Fornasari
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Giacomo Carta
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Giovanna Gambarotta
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Stefania Raimondo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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16
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Alike Y, Yushan M, Keremu A, Abulaiti A, Liu ZH, Fu W, Yan LW, Yusufu A, Zhu QT. Application of custom anatomy-based nerve conduits on rabbit sciatic nerve defects: in vitro and in vivo evaluations. Neural Regen Res 2019; 14:2173-2182. [PMID: 31397357 PMCID: PMC6788245 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.262601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The intermingling of regenerated nerve fibers inside nerve grafts is the main reason for mismatched nerve fibers. This is one of the key factors affecting limb function recovery after nerve injury. Previous research has shown that the accuracy of axon regeneration can be improved by a bionic structural implant. To this aim, iodine and freeze-drying high-resolution micro-computed tomography was performed to visualize the 3D topography of the New Zealand rabbit sciatic nerve (25 mm). A series of 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-custom anatomy-based nerve conduits (CANCs) were fabricated based on the anatomical structure of the nerve fascicle. The match index, luminal surface, and mechanical properties of CANCs were evaluated before implanting in a 10-mm gap of the sciatic nerve. Recovery was evaluated by histomorphometric analyses, electrophysiological study, gastrocnemius muscle weight recovery ratio, and behavioral assessments at 12 and 24 weeks postoperatively. The accuracy of nerve regeneration was determined by changes in fluorescence-labeled profile number during simultaneous retrograde tracing. Our results showed that the optimal preprocessing condition for high-resolution micro-computed tomography visualization was treatment of the sciatic nerve with 40% Lugol's solution for 3 days followed by lyophilization for 2 days. In vitro experiments demonstrated that the match index was highest in the 3-CANC group, followed by the 2-, 1-, and 4-CANC groups. The luminal surface was lowest in the 1-CANC group. Mechanical properties (transverse compressive and bending properties) were higher in the 3- and 4-CANC groups than in the 1-CANC group. In vivo experiments demonstrated that the recovery (morphology of regenerated fibers, compound muscle action potential, gastrocnemius muscle weight recovery ratio, pain-related autotomy behaviors, and range of motion) in the 3-CANC group was superior to the other CANC groups, and achieved the same therapeutic effect as the autograft. The simultaneous retrograde tracing results showed that the percentages of double-labeled profiles of the 2-, 3-, and 4-CANC groups were comparatively lower than that of the 1-CANC group, which indicates that regenerated nerve fascicles were less intermingled in the 2-, 3-, and 4-CANC groups. These findings demonstrate that the visualization of the rabbit sciatic nerve can be achieved by iodine and freeze-drying high-resolution micro-computed tomography, and that this method can be used to design CANCs with different channels that are based on the anatomical structure of the nerve. Compared with the 1-CANC, 3-CANC had a higher match index and luminal surface, and improved the accuracy of nerve regeneration by limiting the intermingling of the regenerated fascicles. All procedures were approved by the Animal Care and Use Committee, Xinjiang Medical University, China on April 4, 2017 (ethics approval No. IACUC20170315-02).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamuhanmode Alike
- Department of Microrepair and Reconstruction, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Maimaiaili Yushan
- Department of Microrepair and Reconstruction, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Ajimu Keremu
- Orthopedic Center, the First People's Hospital of Kashgar, Kashi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Alimujiang Abulaiti
- Department of Microrepair and Reconstruction, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Zhen-Hui Liu
- Department of Microrepair and Reconstruction, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Wei Fu
- Department of Microrepair and Reconstruction, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Li-Wei Yan
- Department of Microsurgery and Orthopedic Trauma, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Center for Peripheral Nerve Tissue Engineering and Technology Research, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Soft Tissue Biofabrication, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Aihemaitijiang Yusufu
- Department of Microrepair and Reconstruction, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Qing-Tang Zhu
- Department of Microsurgery and Orthopedic Trauma, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Center for Peripheral Nerve Tissue Engineering and Technology Research, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Soft Tissue Biofabrication, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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17
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Wu S, Ni S, Jiang X, Kuss MA, Wang HJ, Duan B. Guiding Mesenchymal Stem Cells into Myelinating Schwann Cell-Like Phenotypes by Using Electrospun Core-Sheath Nanoyarns. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:5284-5294. [PMID: 33455233 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b00748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Nerve guidance conduit (NGC)-infilling substrates have been reported to facilitate the regeneration of injured peripheral nerves (PNs), especially for large nerve gaps. In this study, longitudinally oriented electrospun core-sheath nanoyarns (csNYs), consisting of a polylactic acid microfiber core and an electrospun nanofiber sheath, were fabricated for potential PN tissue engineering applications. Our novel csNY displayed a well-aligned nanofibrous surface topography, resembling the ultrastructure of axons and fascicles of a native PN system, and it also provided a mechanically stable structure. The biological results showed that the csNY significantly enhanced the attachment, growth, and proliferation of human adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (hADMSC) and also promoted the migration, proliferation, and phenotype maintenance of rabbit Schwann cells (rSCs). Our csNY notably increased the differentiation capability of hADMSC into SC-like cells (hADMSC-SC), in comparison with a 2D tissue culture polystyrene plate. More importantly, when combined with the appropriate induction medium, our csNY promoted hADMSC-SC to express high levels of myelination-associated markers. Overall, this study demonstrates that our csNYs have great potential to serve as not only ideal in vitro culture models for understanding SC-axon interaction and SC myelination but also as promising NGC-infilling substrates for PN regeneration applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohua Wu
- College of Textiles & Clothing; Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Biomass Fibers, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Shilei Ni
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | | | | | | | - Bin Duan
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
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18
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Alessandrino A, Fregnan F, Biagiotti M, Muratori L, Bassani GA, Ronchi G, Vincoli V, Pierimarchi P, Geuna S, Freddi G. SilkBridge™: a novel biomimetic and biocompatible silk-based nerve conduit. Biomater Sci 2019; 7:4112-4130. [PMID: 31359013 DOI: 10.1039/c9bm00783k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Silk fibroin (Bombyx mori) was used to manufacture a nerve conduit (SilkBridge™) characterized by a novel 3D architecture. The wall of the conduit consists of two electrospun layers (inner and outer) and one textile layer (middle), perfectly integrated at the structural and functional level. The manufacturing technology conferred high compression strength on the device, thus meeting clinical requirements for physiological and pathological compressive stresses. In vitro cell interaction studies were performed through direct contact assays with SilkBridge™ using the glial RT4-D6P2T cells, a schwannoma cell line, and a mouse motor neuron NSC-34 cell line. The results revealed that the material is capable of sustaining cell proliferation, that the glial RT4-D6P2T cells increased their density and organized themselves in a glial-like morphology, and that NSC-34 motor neurons exhibited a greater neuritic length with respect to the control substrate. In vivo pilot assays were performed on adult female Wistar rats. A 10 mm long gap in the median nerve was repaired with 12 mm SilkBridge™. At two weeks post-operation several cell types colonized the lumen. Cells and blood vessels were also visible between the different layers of the conduit wall. Moreover, the presence of regenerated myelinated fibers with a thin myelin sheath at the proximal level was observed. Taken together, all these results demonstrated that SilkBridge™ has an optimized balance of biomechanical and biological properties, being able to sustain a perfect cellular colonization of the conduit and the progressive growth of the regenerating nerve fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - F Fregnan
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, 10124 Torino, Italy and Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, University of Torino, 10124 Torino, Italy
| | - M Biagiotti
- Silk Biomaterials Srl, 22074 Lomazzo (Co), Italy.
| | - L Muratori
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, 10124 Torino, Italy and Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, University of Torino, 10124 Torino, Italy
| | - G A Bassani
- Silk Biomaterials Srl, 22074 Lomazzo (Co), Italy.
| | - G Ronchi
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, 10124 Torino, Italy and Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, University of Torino, 10124 Torino, Italy
| | - V Vincoli
- Silk Biomaterials Srl, 22074 Lomazzo (Co), Italy.
| | - P Pierimarchi
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council, 00083 Rome, Italy
| | - S Geuna
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, 10124 Torino, Italy and Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, University of Torino, 10124 Torino, Italy
| | - G Freddi
- Silk Biomaterials Srl, 22074 Lomazzo (Co), Italy.
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19
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Tu H, Wu G, Yi Y, Huang M, Liu R, Shi X, Deng H. Layer-by-layer immobilization of amphoteric carboxymethyl chitosan onto biocompatible silk fibroin nanofibrous mats. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 210:9-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.01.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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20
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Magaz A, Faroni A, Gough JE, Reid AJ, Li X, Blaker JJ. Bioactive Silk-Based Nerve Guidance Conduits for Augmenting Peripheral Nerve Repair. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7:e1800308. [PMID: 30260575 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201800308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Repair of peripheral nerve injuries depends upon complex biology stemming from the manifold and challenging injury-healing processes of the peripheral nervous system. While surgical treatment options are available, they tend to be characterized by poor clinical outcomes for the injured patients. This is particularly apparent in the clinical management of a nerve gap whereby nerve autograft remains the best clinical option despite numerous limitations; in addition, effective repair becomes progressively more difficult with larger gaps. Nerve conduit strategies based on tissue engineering approaches and the use of silk as scaffolding material have attracted much attention in recent years to overcome these limitations and meet the clinical demand of large gap nerve repair. This review examines the scientific advances made with silk-based conduits for peripheral nerve repair. The focus is on enhancing bioactivity of the conduits in terms of physical guidance cues, inner wall and lumen modification, and imbuing novel conductive functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Magaz
- Bio‐Active Materials GroupSchool of MaterialsMSS TowerThe University of Manchester Manchester M13 9PL UK
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE)Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR) 2 Fusionopolis, Way, Innovis #08‐03 Singapore 138634 Singapore
| | - Alessandro Faroni
- Blond McIndoe LaboratoriesDivision of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative MedicineSchool of Biological SciencesFaculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthThe University of ManchesterManchester Academic Health Science Centre Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Julie E. Gough
- School of MaterialsThe University of Manchester Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Adam J. Reid
- Blond McIndoe LaboratoriesDivision of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative MedicineSchool of Biological SciencesFaculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthThe University of ManchesterManchester Academic Health Science Centre Manchester M13 9PL UK
- Department of Plastic Surgery and BurnsWythenshawe HospitalManchester University NHS Foundation TrustManchester Academic Health Science Centre Manchester M23 9LT UK
| | - Xu Li
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE)Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR) 2 Fusionopolis, Way, Innovis #08‐03 Singapore 138634 Singapore
| | - Jonny J. Blaker
- Bio‐Active Materials GroupSchool of MaterialsMSS TowerThe University of Manchester Manchester M13 9PL UK
- School of MaterialsThe University of Manchester Manchester M13 9PL UK
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21
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Liu C, Li X, Xu F, Cong H, Li Z, Song Y, Wang M. Spatio-temporal release of NGF and GDNF from multi-layered nanofibrous bicomponent electrospun scaffolds. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2018; 29:102. [PMID: 29955977 PMCID: PMC6022522 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-018-6105-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Scaffolds capable of providing dual neurotrophic factor (NTF) delivery with different release kinetics, spatial delivery of NTFs at different loci and topographical guidance are promising for enhanced peripheral nerve regeneration. In this study, we have designed and fabricated multi-layered aligned-fiber scaffolds through combining emulsion electrospinning, sequential electrospinning and high-speed electrospinning (HS-ES) to modulate the release behavior of glial cell line-derived growth factor(GDNF) and nerve growth factor (NGF). GDNF and NGF were incorporated into poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) fibers and poly(D,L-lactic acid) (PDLLA) fibers, respectively. Aligned fibers were obtained in each layer of multi-layered scaffolds and relatively thick tri-layered and tetra-layered scaffolds with controlled layer thickness were obtained. Their morphology, structure, properties, and the in vitro release of growth factors were examined. Dual and spatio-temporal release of GDNF and NGF with different release kinetics from multi-layered scaffolds was successfully demonstrated. High separation efficiency by PDLLA fibrous barrier layer for spatial neurotrophic factor delivery from both tri-layered scaffolds and tetra-layered scaffolds was achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyu Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China.
- Department of Research and Development, Shenzhen Gene Health Bio Tech Co., Ltd, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Xiaohua Li
- Department of Research and Development, Shenzhen Gene Health Bio Tech Co., Ltd, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Feiyue Xu
- Department of Research and Development, Shenzhen Gene Health Bio Tech Co., Ltd, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Haibo Cong
- Department of Reconstructive Microsurgery, Weihai Central Hospital, Weihai, 264400, China
| | - Zongxian Li
- Department of Oncology, Weihai Central Hospital, Weihai, 264400, China
| | - Yuan Song
- Department of Research and Development, Shenzhen Gene Health Bio Tech Co., Ltd, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
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22
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Nanofibrous Nerve Conduits with Pre-seeded Bone Marrow Stromal Cells and Cultured by Bioreactor for Enhancing Peripheral Nerve Regeneration. REGENERATIVE ENGINEERING AND TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40883-018-0057-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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23
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Effect of molecular weight on electro-spinning performance of regenerated silk. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 106:1166-1172. [PMID: 28847607 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.08.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 08/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Owing to the excellent biocompatibility of silk fibroins (SFs) and ease of fabrication of nano-fibrous webs by the electro-spinning technique, electro-spun SF webs have attracted the attention of researchers for various biomedical applications, including their use as tissue engineering scaffolds and membranes for guided bone regeneration. In this work, the effect of the molecular weight (MW) and concentration of SFs on the structure and properties of the electro-spun SF webs was examined. The fiber morphology and porosity of these SF webs were strongly affected by the viscosity of the SF dope solution. It was found that the electro-spinning rate of the SF solution could be increased significantly (7.5 fold) by controlling the MW and concentration of the SF. Interestingly, as the SF MW and concentration (i.e., solution viscosity) increased, the extent of β-sheet crystallization of the SF decreased, leading to a decrease in the overall crystallinity. The strength and elongation of the electro-spun SF web decreased with an increase in the web porosity (i.e., increasing SF concentration) and a decrease in the MW of the SF.
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24
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Xue C, Zhu H, Tan D, Ren H, Gu X, Zhao Y, Zhang P, Sun Z, Yang Y, Gu J, Gu Y, Gu X. Electrospun silk fibroin-based neural scaffold for bridging a long sciatic nerve gap in dogs. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017; 12:e1143-e1153. [PMID: 28485084 DOI: 10.1002/term.2449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 01/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Silk fibroin (SF)-derived silkworms represent a type of highly biocompatible biomaterial for tissue engineering. We have previously investigated biocompatibility of SF with neural cells isolated from the central nervous system or peripheral nerve system in vitro, and also developed a SF-based nerve graft conduit or tissue-engineered nerve grafts by introducing bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, as support cells, into SF-based scaffold and evaluated the outcomes of peripheral nerve repair in a rat model. As an extension of the previous study, the electrospun technique was performed here to fabricate SF-based neural scaffold inserted with silk fibres for bridging a 30-mm-long sciatic nerve gap in dogs. Assessments including functional, histological and morphometrical analyses were applied 12 months after surgery. All the results indicated that the SF-based neural scaffold group achieved satisfactory regenerative outcomes, which were close to those achieved by autologous nerve grafts as the golden-standard for peripheral nerve repair. Overall, our results raise a potential possibility for the translation of SF-based electrospun neural scaffolds as an alternative to nerve autografts into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengbin Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing Biomedical Research Institute, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Ministry of Education and Jiangsu Province, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, JS, PR China
| | - Hui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing Biomedical Research Institute, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Ministry of Education and Jiangsu Province, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, JS, PR China.,Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, JS, PR China
| | - Dehua Tan
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Ministry of Education and Jiangsu Province, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, JS, PR China
| | - Hechun Ren
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Ministry of Education and Jiangsu Province, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, JS, PR China
| | - Xiaokun Gu
- Department of Hand Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, JS, PR China
| | - Yahong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Ministry of Education and Jiangsu Province, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, JS, PR China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Ministry of Education and Jiangsu Province, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, JS, PR China
| | - Zhichao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Ministry of Education and Jiangsu Province, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, JS, PR China
| | - Yumin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Ministry of Education and Jiangsu Province, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, JS, PR China
| | - Jianhui Gu
- Department of Hand Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, JS, PR China
| | - Yun Gu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Ministry of Education and Jiangsu Province, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, JS, PR China
| | - Xiaosong Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing Biomedical Research Institute, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Ministry of Education and Jiangsu Province, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, JS, PR China
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25
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Lee JH, Bae YS, Kim SJ, Song DW, Park YH, Bae DG, Choi JH, Um IC. Preparation of new natural silk non-woven fabrics by using adhesion characteristics of sericin and their characterization. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 106:39-47. [PMID: 28774806 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.07.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Electro-spun regenerated silk webs have been extensively studied for biomedical applications because of the simplicity of their fabrication methods However, the productivity of the electro-spinning process is low for web fabrication and the mechanical properties of the electro-spun silk web are not satisfactory, which restricts its commercialization. In this study, a new silk non-woven fabric was successfully fabricated by wetting and hot press treatments using the excellent binding characteristic of sericin. The effects of the press temperature and residual sericin content on the preparation, structure, and properties of the silk non-woven fabric were examined. A press temperature of 200°C was optimum for obtaining non-woven fabrics with best mechanical properties, without yellowing. The silk non-woven fabric could not be fabricated without sericin, and a minimum of 8% sericin was required to fabricate it. As the sericin content was increased, the strength and Young's modulus of the silk non-woven fabric increased, while the tensile elongation remained constant. Regardless of the press temperature and sericin content, all the silk non-woven fabrics showed good cell viability, comparable to that of the tissue culture plate (TCP) used as a control until 4days, which however decreased compared to that of TCP after 7days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hye Lee
- Department of Bio-fibers and Materials Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Su Bae
- Department of Bio-fibers and Materials Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Jin Kim
- Department of Bio-fibers and Materials Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Woong Song
- Department of Biosystems and Biomaterials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hwan Park
- Department of Biosystems and Biomaterials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Gyu Bae
- Department of Bio-fibers and Materials Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hyun Choi
- Department of Bio-fibers and Materials Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - In Chul Um
- Department of Bio-fibers and Materials Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.
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Kishan AP, Cosgriff-Hernandez EM. Recent advancements in electrospinning design for tissue engineering applications: A review. J Biomed Mater Res A 2017; 105:2892-2905. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alysha P. Kishan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Texas A&M University, 5045 Emerging Technologies Building; 3120 TAMU College Station Texas 77843-3120
| | - Elizabeth M. Cosgriff-Hernandez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Texas A&M University, 5045 Emerging Technologies Building; 3120 TAMU College Station Texas 77843-3120
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Kim HJ, Kim MK, Lee KH, Nho SK, Han MS, Um IC. Effect of degumming methods on structural characteristics and properties of regenerated silk. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 104:294-302. [PMID: 28601646 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, the effects of different degumming methods on the structural characteristics and properties of regenerated silk fibroin (SF) were examined. The crystallinity index of the degummed silk increased with the degumming ratio. The crystallinity index at any given degumming ratio differed depending on the degumming method. The soda method and the soap/soda method using sodium carbonate resulted in a higher crystallinity index than the other methods The degumming method strongly affects the molecular weight (MW) and solution viscosity of the regenerated SF. The MW and viscosity of the regenerated SF, according to the degumming method, was in the order of urea method>HTHP method≈acid method>soap/soda method≈soda method. The turbidity of a silk formic acid solution decreased as a result of increasing the degumming ratio and was a minimum at a degumming ratio of around 26%. However, it was not affected by the degumming method. The mechanical properties of a regenerated SF film were strongly affected by the degumming method and the trend in the strength and elongation with the various degumming methods was the same as that of the MW and viscosity of the regenerated SF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Ju Kim
- Department of Bio-fibers and Materials Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Moo Kon Kim
- Department of Biosystems & Biomaterials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Hoon Lee
- Department of Biosystems & Biomaterials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Si Kab Nho
- Department of Bio-fibers and Materials Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Sae Han
- Department of Bio-fibers and Materials Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - In Chul Um
- Department of Bio-fibers and Materials Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.
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28
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Xu L, Wang S, Sui X, Wang Y, Su Y, Huang L, Zhang Y, Chen Z, Chen Q, Du H, Zhang Y, Yan L. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Seeded Regenerated Silk Fibroin Complex Matrices for Liver Regeneration in an Animal Model of Acute Liver Failure. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:14716-14723. [PMID: 28409921 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b02805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The main limitation of liver transplantation as a treatment for end-stage liver disease or acute liver failure is the scarcity of liver organ donors. To develop an alternative therapy for acute liver failure, mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-seeded regenerated silk fibroin (RSF) matrices were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were planted and grown on RSF scaffolds to form a scaffold complex. The RSF-MSC scaffold complex (the experimental group) and neat RSF scaffolds (the control group) were then placed onto the liver surface of mice induced by CCl4 and detected after 5, 7, 14, 28, and 60 days. The growth and distribution of MSCs were tracked using fluorescence microscopy and live small animal fluorescence. Liver functions were tested using an automatic biochemistry analyzer. The histological kinetics of RSF complex and liver tissues were observed using hematoxylin & eosin staining. We found that MSCs exhibited good biocompatibility with RSF and differentiated to hepatocyte-like cells in vitro. Liver functions of the mice in the experimental group were significantly improved than that in the control group. Moreover, angiogenesis and hepatocyte-like cells were discovered in the RSF scaffolds in an animal model of acute liver failure on the fifth day and in the second month, respectively. The MSCs-RSF matrices show an obvious therapeutic ability for injured liver function of mice, which is more efficient than the neat RSF scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Li Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University , Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yunwei Zhang
- Emergency Department, Chinese Eighteenth PLA General Hospital , Yecheng 844900, China
| | | | | | | | - Yaopeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University , Shanghai 201620, China
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29
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Park BK, Um IC. Effects of electric field on the maximum electro-spinning rate of silk fibroin solutions. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 95:8-13. [PMID: 27840220 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2016] [Revised: 09/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Owing to the excellent cyto-compatibility of silk fibroin (SF) and the simple fabrication of nano-fibrous webs, electro-spun SF webs have attracted much research attention in numerous biomedical fields. Because the production rate of electro-spun webs is strongly dependent on the electro-spinning rate used, the electro-spinning rate becomes more important. In the present study, to improve the electro-spinning rate of SF solutions, various electric fields were applied during electro-spinning of SF, and its effects on the maximum electro-spinning rate of SF solution as well as diameters and molecular conformations of the electro-spun SF fibers were examined. As the electric field was increased, the maximum electro-spinning rate of the SF solution also increased. The maximum electro-spinning rate of a 13% SF solution could be increased 12×by increasing the electric field from 0.5kV/cm (0.25mL/h) to 2.5kV/cm (3.0mL/h). The dependence of the fiber diameter on the present electric field was not significant when using less-concentrated SF solutions (7-9% SF). On the other hand, at higher SF concentrations the electric field had a greater effect on the resulting fiber diameter. The electric field had a minimal effect of the molecular conformation and crystallinity index of the electro-spun SF webs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Kyung Park
- Department of Bio-fibers and Materials Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - In Chul Um
- Department of Bio-fibers and Materials Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.
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30
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Zhang Q, Yan S, You R, Kaplan DL, Liu Y, Qu J, Li X, Li M, Wang X. Multichannel silk protein/laminin grafts for spinal cord injury repair. J Biomed Mater Res A 2016; 104:3045-3057. [PMID: 27474892 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The physical, chemical, and bioactive cues provided by biomaterials are critical for spinal cord regeneration following injury. In this study, we investigated the bioactivity of a silk-based scaffold for nerve tissue remodeling that featured morphological guidance in the form of ridges as well as bioactive molecules. Multichannel/laminin (LN) silk scaffolds stimulated growth, development, and the extension of primary hippocampal neurons after 7 days of culture in vitro. And then, the multichannel/LN silk scaffolds were implanted into 2-mm-long hemisection defects in Sprague-Dawley rat spinal cords for 70 days to evaluate their bioactivities of spinal cord remolding. Our results demonstrated that animal behavior was significantly improved in the multichannel/LN group, as evaluated by Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan score, whereas the implantation of multichannels and random pores groups resulted in recurring limps. Moreover, histology and immunohistochemical staining revealed an increase in blood vessels and expression of growth associated protein-43 and neurofilament-200 as well as reduced expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein in the multichannel/LN group, which contributed to the rebuilding of spinal cord defects. Thus, multichannel/LN silk scaffolds mediated cell migration, stimulated blood capillary formation, and promoted axonal extension, suggesting the utility of these scaffolds for spinal cord reconstruction. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 3045-3057, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.,School of Textile Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430073, China.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, 02155 Massachusetts
| | - Shuqin Yan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.,School of Textile Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430073, China
| | - Renchuan You
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.,School of Textile Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430073, China
| | - David L Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, 02155 Massachusetts
| | - Yu Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jing Qu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Xiufang Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Mingzhong Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Xin Wang
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Performance Textiles, School of Fashion and Textiles, RMIT University, Melbourne, 3056, Victoria, Australia
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31
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Approaches to Peripheral Nerve Repair: Generations of Biomaterial Conduits Yielding to Replacing Autologous Nerve Grafts in Craniomaxillofacial Surgery. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:3856262. [PMID: 27556032 PMCID: PMC4983313 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3856262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injury is a common clinical entity, which may arise due to traumatic, tumorous, or even iatrogenic injury in craniomaxillofacial surgery. Despite advances in biomaterials and techniques over the past several decades, reconstruction of nerve gaps remains a challenge. Autografts are the gold standard for nerve reconstruction. Using autografts, there is donor site morbidity, subsequent sensory deficit, and potential for neuroma development and infection. Moreover, the need for a second surgical site and limited availability of donor nerves remain a challenge. Thus, increasing efforts have been directed to develop artificial nerve guidance conduits (ANCs) as new methods to replace autografts in the future. Various synthetic conduit materials have been tested in vitro and in vivo, and several first- and second-generation conduits are FDA approved and available for purchase, while third-generation conduits still remain in experimental stages. This paper reviews the current treatment options, summarizes the published literature, and assesses future prospects for the repair of peripheral nerve injury in craniomaxillofacial surgery with a particular focus on facial nerve regeneration.
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32
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Schaub NJ, Le Beux C, Miao J, Linhardt RJ, Alauzun JG, Laurencin D, Gilbert RJ. The Effect of Surface Modification of Aligned Poly-L-Lactic Acid Electrospun Fibers on Fiber Degradation and Neurite Extension. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136780. [PMID: 26340351 PMCID: PMC4560380 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The surface of aligned, electrospun poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) fibers was chemically modified to determine if surface chemistry and hydrophilicity could improve neurite extension from chick dorsal root ganglia. Specifically, diethylenetriamine (DTA, for amine functionalization), 2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethanol (AEO, for alcohol functionalization), or GRGDS (cell adhesion peptide) were covalently attached to the surface of electrospun fibers. Water contact angle measurements revealed that surface modification of electrospun fibers significantly improved fiber hydrophilicity compared to unmodified fibers (p < 0.05). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fibers revealed that surface modification changed fiber topography modestly, with DTA modified fibers displaying the roughest surface structure. Degradation of chemically modified fibers revealed no change in fiber diameter in any group over a period of seven days. Unexpectedly, neurites from chick DRG were longest on fibers without surface modification (1651 ± 488 μm) and fibers containing GRGDS (1560 ± 107 μm). Fibers modified with oxygen plasma (1240 ± 143 μm) or DTA (1118 ± 82 μm) produced shorter neurites than the GRGDS or unmodified fibers, but were not statistically shorter than unmodified and GRGDS modified fibers. Fibers modified with AEO (844 ± 151 μm) were significantly shorter than unmodified and GRGDS modified fibers (p<0.05). Based on these results, we conclude that fiber hydrophilic enhancement alone on electrospun PLLA fibers does not enhance neurite outgrowth. Further work must be conducted to better understand why neurite extension was not improved on more hydrophilic fibers, but the results presented here do not recommend hydrophilic surface modification for the purpose of improving neurite extension unless a bioactive ligand is used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J. Schaub
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180–3590, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180–3590, United States of America
| | - Clémentine Le Beux
- Institut Charles Gerhardt de Montpellier, UMR 5253, CNRS-UM-ENSCM, Université de Montpellier, CC 1701, Place E. Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier cedex 05, France
| | - Jianjun Miao
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180–3590, United States of America
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8 Street, Troy, NY, 12180–3590, United States of America
| | - Robert J. Linhardt
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180–3590, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180–3590, United States of America
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8 Street, Troy, NY, 12180–3590, United States of America
- Department of Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8 Street, Troy, NY, 12180–3590, United States of America
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180–3590, United States of America
| | - Johan G. Alauzun
- Institut Charles Gerhardt de Montpellier, UMR 5253, CNRS-UM-ENSCM, Université de Montpellier, CC 1701, Place E. Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier cedex 05, France
| | - Danielle Laurencin
- Institut Charles Gerhardt de Montpellier, UMR 5253, CNRS-UM-ENSCM, Université de Montpellier, CC 1701, Place E. Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier cedex 05, France
| | - Ryan J. Gilbert
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180–3590, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180–3590, United States of America
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33
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Chung DE, Kim HH, Kim MK, Lee KH, Park YH, Um IC. Effects of different Bombyx mori silkworm varieties on the structural characteristics and properties of silk. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 79:943-51. [PMID: 26072984 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2015] [Revised: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Silk has attracted the attention of biomedical researchers because of its good biocompatibility. Although various characteristics of silk are needed for its successful application in biomedical fields, the performance of silk material is limited. Although there are many varieties of Bombyx mori silkworm, the effect of different silkworm varieties on regenerated silk has not been considered in detail. That is, the use of a diverse variety of silkworms has not been considered in non-textile applications resulting in limited performance of silk materials. In this study, the effects of different silkworm varieties on the structural characteristics and properties of silk cocoon and regenerated silk fibroin (SF) were examined. Structural characteristics of silk cocoon including color, fiber diameter, and porosity, differed depending on the silkworm variety. Furthermore, molecular weight, solution viscosity, and mechanical properties of regenerated SF were influenced by the variety of silkworm, while the amino acid composition, β-sheet crystallization by formic acid, and cyto-compatibility of regenerated SF did not differ between the samples from different varieties of silkworm. These results imply that diverse performance of silk can be obtained by controlling the silkworm variety, and that the use of different varieties of silkworm might be a good way to strengthen the performance of silk in biomedical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Eun Chung
- Department of Bio-fibers and Materials Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Hwan Kim
- Department of Biosystems & Biomaterials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea
| | - Moo Kon Kim
- Department of Biosystems & Biomaterials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Hoon Lee
- Department of Biosystems & Biomaterials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hwan Park
- Department of Biosystems & Biomaterials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea
| | - In Chul Um
- Department of Bio-fibers and Materials Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea.
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Teuschl AH, Schuh C, Halbweis R, Pajer K, Márton G, Hopf R, Mosia S, Rünzler D, Redl H, Nógrádi A, Hausner T. A New Preparation Method for Anisotropic Silk Fibroin Nerve Guidance Conduits and Its Evaluation In Vitro and in a Rat Sciatic Nerve Defect Model. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2015; 21:945-57. [PMID: 25819471 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2014.0606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, silk fibroin (SF) has been emergently used in peripheral nerve tissue engineering. Current approaches aiming at producing SF-based nerve guidance conduits (SF-NGCs) used dissolved silk based on either aqueous solutions or organic solvents. In this study, we describe a novel procedure to produce SF-NGCs: A braided tubular structure of raw Bombyx mori silk is subsequently processed with the ternary solvent CaCl2/H2O/ethanol, formic acid, and methanol to improve its mechanical and topographical characteristics. Topographically, the combination of the treatments results in a fusion of the outer single silk fibers to a closed layer with a thickness ranging from about 40 to 75 μm. In contrast to the outer wall, the inner lumen (not treated with processing solvents) still represents the braided structure of single fibers. Mechanical stability, elasticity, and kink characteristics were evaluated with a custom-made test system. The modification procedure described here drastically improved the elastic properties of our tubular raw scaffold, favoring its use as a NGC. A cell migration assay with NIH/3T3-fibroblasts revealed the impermeability of the SF-NGC wall for possible invading and scar-forming cells. Moreover, the potential of the SF-NGC to serve as a substratum for Schwann cells has been demonstrated by cytotoxicity tests and live-dead stainings of Schwann cells grown on the inner surface of the SF-NGC. In vivo, the SF-NGC was tested in a rat sciatic nerve injury model. In short-term in vivo studies, it was proved that SF-NGCs are not triggering host inflammatory reactions. After 12 weeks, we could demonstrate morphological and functional reinnervation of the distal targets. Filled with collagen, a higher number of axons could be found in the distal to the graft (1678±303), compared with the empty SF-NGC (1274±146). The novel SF-NGC presented here shows promising results for the treatment of peripheral nerve injuries. The modification of braided structures to adapt their mechanical and topographical characteristics may support the translation of SF-based scaffolds into the clinical setting. However, further improvements and the use of extracellular matrix molecules and Schwann cells are suggested to enable silk tube based conduits to bridge long-distance nerve gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Herbert Teuschl
- 1 Department of Biochemical Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Technikum Wien , Vienna, Austria
- 2 The Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
- 3 Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology/AUVA Research Center , Vienna, Austria
| | - Christina Schuh
- 1 Department of Biochemical Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Technikum Wien , Vienna, Austria
- 2 The Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
- 3 Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology/AUVA Research Center , Vienna, Austria
| | - Robert Halbweis
- 2 The Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
- 3 Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology/AUVA Research Center , Vienna, Austria
| | - Krisztián Pajer
- 4 Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged , Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gábor Márton
- 4 Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged , Szeged, Hungary
| | - Rudolf Hopf
- 2 The Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
- 3 Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology/AUVA Research Center , Vienna, Austria
| | - Shorena Mosia
- 2 The Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
- 3 Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology/AUVA Research Center , Vienna, Austria
| | - Dominik Rünzler
- 1 Department of Biochemical Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Technikum Wien , Vienna, Austria
- 2 The Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Heinz Redl
- 2 The Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
- 3 Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology/AUVA Research Center , Vienna, Austria
| | - Antal Nógrádi
- 2 The Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
- 3 Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology/AUVA Research Center , Vienna, Austria
- 4 Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged , Szeged, Hungary
| | - Thomas Hausner
- 2 The Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
- 3 Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology/AUVA Research Center , Vienna, Austria
- 5 Department of Traumatology, Lorenz Böhler Hospital , Austrian Workers' Compensation Board, Vienna, Austria
- 6 Department for Trauma Surgery and Sports Traumatology, Paracelsus Medical University , Salzburg, Austria
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35
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Marquardt LM, Sakiyama-Elbert SE. Engineering peripheral nerve repair. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2013; 24:887-92. [PMID: 23790730 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2013.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2012] [Revised: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Current approaches for treating peripheral nerve injury have resulted in promising, yet insufficient functional recovery compared to the clinical standard of care, autologous nerve grafts. In order to design a construct that can match the regenerative potential of the autograft, all facets of nerve tissue must be incorporated in a combinatorial therapy. Engineered biomaterial scaffolds in the future will have to promote enhanced regeneration and appropriate reinnervation by targeting the highly sensitive response of regenerating nerves to their surrounding microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Marquardt
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
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