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Wang Y, Shen J, Lang H, Shen F, Zhang L, Fang H, Yu Y. Elevated temperature magnifies the acute and chronic toxicity of clothianidin to Eisenia fetida. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 355:124210. [PMID: 38795815 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
Pesticide residue and thermal stress resulting from global climate change are parallel stressors for soil fauna. However, it remains ambiguous how elevated temperatures and pesticides can interact to threaten soil fauna. In the study, the acute and chronic clothianidin (CTD) toxicity to earthworms (Eisenia fetida) at different temperatures, and the effect of increasing temperature on antioxidant defense mechanisms in response to CTD were investigated. The acute toxicity of CTD was exacerbated by increased temperature in both filter paper contact tests (a decrease in the 48-h median lethal concentration (LC50) from 0.077 μg/cm2 at 20 °C to 0.009 μg/cm2 at 30 °C) and natural soil tests (a decrease in the 48-h LC50 from 0.774 mg/kg at 20 °C to 0.199 mg/kg at 30 °C). Exposure to CTD or high temperature (30 °C) triggered reactive oxygen species (ROS) overgeneration and increased antioxidant enzyme activities in earthworms; and the effect was particularly pronounced after exposure to both higher temperatures and CTD. At 20 and 25 °C, there was no significant change in the growth and reproduction of E. fetida after 56-d exposure to CTD-contaminated soil. However, the combined effect of CTD and high temperature (30 °C) significantly reduced the weight change rate, cocoon number, hatching rate, and number of juveniles on day 56. These results indicated that elevated temperature could aggravate acute and chronic CTD toxicity to earthworms. The findings emphasize that evaluating changes in pesticide toxicity under global warming is worth further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingnan Wang
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, College of Agricultural and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jiatao Shen
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, College of Agricultural and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Hongbin Lang
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, College of Agricultural and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Fan Shen
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, College of Agricultural and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Luqing Zhang
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, College of Agricultural and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Hua Fang
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, College of Agricultural and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yunlong Yu
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, College of Agricultural and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Kumar N, Thorat ST, Patole PB, Gite A, Reddy KS. Protective role of selenium and selenium-nanoparticles against multiple stresses in Pangasianodon hypophthalmus. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2024; 50:239-258. [PMID: 37656302 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-023-01231-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Pollution and climate change pose significant threats to aquatic ecosystems, with adverse impacts on aquatic animals, including fish. Climate change increases the toxicity of metal in aquatic ecosystems. To understand the severity of metal pollution and climate change, an experiment was conducted to delineate the mitigation potential of selenium (Se) and selenium nanoparticles (Se-NPs) against lead (Pb) and high temperature stress in Pangasianodon hypophthalmus. For the experiment, five isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets were prepared, varying in selenium supplementation as Se at 0, 1, and 2 mg kg-1 diet, and Se-NPs at 1 and 2 mg kg-1 diet. The fish in stressor groups were exposed to Pb (1/20th of LC50 concentration, 4 ppm) and high temperature (34 °C) throughout the experiment. The results demonstrated that dietary supplementation of Se at 1 and 2 mg kg-1 diet, as well as Se-NPs at 1 mg kg-1 diet, significantly reduced (p < 0.01) the levels of lactate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase in both liver and muscle tissues. Additionally, the levels of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase in both gill and liver tissues were significantly decreased (p < 0.01) with the inclusion of Se and Se-NPs in the diets. Furthermore, the enzymes glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in gill and liver tissues, fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase in liver and muscle tissues, and acid phosphatase in liver tissue were remarkably reduced (p < 0.01) due to the supplementation of Se and Se-NPs. Moreover, dietary supplementation of Se and Se-NPs significantly enhanced (p < 0.01) the activity of pyruvate kinase, glucokinase, hexokinase, alkaline phosphatase, ATPase, protease, amylase, lipase, and RNA/DNA ratio in the fish. Histopathological examination of gill and liver tissues also indicated that Se and Se-NPs protected against structural damage caused by lead and high-temperature stress. Moreover, the study examined the bioaccumulation of selenium and lead in muscle, water, and diets. The aim of the study revealed that Se and Se-NPs effectively protected the fish from lead toxicity and high-temperature stress, while also improving the function of cellular metabolic enzymes in P. hypophthalmus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Kumar
- ICAR-National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Baramati, 413 115, Pune, India.
| | | | - Pooja Bapurao Patole
- ICAR-National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Baramati, 413 115, Pune, India
| | - Archana Gite
- ICAR-National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Baramati, 413 115, Pune, India
| | - Kotha Sammi Reddy
- ICAR-National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Baramati, 413 115, Pune, India
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3
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Narváez C, Sabat P, Sanchez-Hernandez JC. Synergistic effects of pesticides and environmental variables on earthworm standard metabolic rate. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 260:109404. [PMID: 35788402 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2022.109404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Endogeic earthworms such as Aporrectodea caliginosa play an essential role in the agroecosystems because of their continuous burrowing and feeding (geophagous) activity, which causes a profound impact on soil texture, organic matter decomposition, soil carbon storage, microbial activity, soil biodiversity, and nutrient cycling. Accordingly, endogeic earthworms are being proposed as suitable candidates for the ecotoxicity assessment of polluted soils. However, terrestrial ecotoxicology has little considered the interactive effects from pollutants and environmental variables (temperature, moisture). We acclimatized A. caliginosa for 90 days to two contrasting temperatures (10 °C and 20 °C) and moistures (25 % and 35 %, w/v) in soils contaminated with 20 mg kg-1 of chlorpyrifos to examine how these two climate change drivers may modulate the pesticide toxicity. We measured the inhibition of cholinesterase (ChE) activities as indicators of organophosphorus exposure, the standard metabolic rate as an integrative physiological biomarker, and the lipid peroxidation (TBARS) and the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) both as indicators of oxidative stress. The main results were: i) chlorpyrifos strongly inhibited ChE activity (>75 % of controls), demonstrating earthworm bioavailability and acute toxicity at the test concentration; 2) a 50 % mortality and loss of body weight (49 %) were found in the earthworms exposed to the most severe environmental conditions (20 °C, 25 %, and pesticide); 3) this latter experimental group displayed a high SMR, which was concomitant with an increase of the oxidative balance index (TBARS/TAC). We postulated that earthworms acclimatized to stressing environmental conditions experienced a higher pesticide-induced metabolic cost and physiological challenges imposed by adverse environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristóbal Narváez
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 653, Santiago, Chile; Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES), Santiago, Chile; Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Institute of Environmental Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Pablo Sabat
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 653, Santiago, Chile; Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES), Santiago, Chile. https://twitter.com/@sabatkirkwood
| | - Juan C Sanchez-Hernandez
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Institute of Environmental Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain.
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Xiao R, Ali A, Xu Y, Abdelrahman H, Li R, Lin Y, Bolan N, Shaheen SM, Rinklebe J, Zhang Z. Earthworms as candidates for remediation of potentially toxic elements contaminated soils and mitigating the environmental and human health risks: A review. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 158:106924. [PMID: 34634621 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Global concerns towards potentially toxic elements (PTEs) are steadily increasing due to the significant threats that PTEs pose to human health and environmental quality. This calls for immediate, effective and efficient remediation solutions. Earthworms, the 'ecosystem engineers', can modify and improve soil health and enhance plant productivity. Recently, considerable attention has been paid to the potential of earthworms, alone or combined with other soil organisms and/or soil amendments, to remediate PTEs contaminated soils. However, the use of earthworms in the remediation of PTEs contaminated soil (i.e., vermiremediation) has not been thoroughly reviewed to date. Therefore, this review discusses and provides comprehensive insights into the suitability of earthworms as potential candidates for bioremediation of PTEs contaminated soils and mitigating environmental and human health risks. Specifically, we reviewed and discussed: i) the occurrence and abundance of earthworms in PTEs contaminated soils; ii) the influence of PTEs on earthworm communities in contaminated soils; iii) factors affecting earthworm PTEs accumulation and elimination, and iv) the dynamics and fate of PTEs in earthworm amended soils. The technical feasibility, knowledge gaps, and practical challenges have been worked out and critically discussed. Therefore, this review could provide a reference and guidance for bio-restoration of PTEs contaminated soils and shall also help developing innovative and applicable solutions for controlling PTEs bioavailability for the remediation of contaminated soils and the mitigation of the environment and human risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Xiao
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Amjad Ali
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yaqiong Xu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Hamada Abdelrahman
- Cairo University, Faculty of Agriculture, Soil Science Department, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Ronghua Li
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yanbing Lin
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Nanthi Bolan
- School of Agriculture and Environment, Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, Perth WA 6009, Australia
| | - Sabry M Shaheen
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste-Management, Laboratory of Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany; King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment, and Arid Land Agriculture, Department of Arid Land Agriculture, 21589 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; University of Kafrelsheikh, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Soil and Water Sciences, 33516 Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt.
| | - Jörg Rinklebe
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste-Management, Laboratory of Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany; Department of Environment, Energy and Geoinformatics, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea.
| | - Zengqiang Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
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Coppola F, Jiang W, Soares AMVM, Marques PAAP, Polese G, Pereira ME, Jiang Z, Freitas R. How efficient is graphene-based nanocomposite to adsorb Hg from seawater. A laboratory assay to assess the toxicological impacts induced by remediated water towards marine bivalves. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 277:130160. [PMID: 33794434 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Advanced investigations on the use of graphene based nanomaterials have highlighted the capacity of these materials for wastewater treatment. Research on this topic revealed the efficiency of the nanocomposite synthetized by graphene oxide functionalized with polyethyleneimine (GO-PEI) to adsorb mercury (Hg) from contaminated seawater. However, information on the environmental risks associated with these approaches are still lacking. The focus of this study was to evaluate the effects of Hg in contaminated seawater and seawater remediated by GO-PEI, using the species Ruditapes philippinarum, maintained at two different warming scenarios: control (17 °C) and increased (22 °C) temperatures. The results obtained showed that organisms exposed to non-contaminated and remediated seawaters at control temperature presented similar biological patterns, with no considerable differences expressed in terms of biochemical and histopathological alterations. Moreover, the present findings revealed increased toxicological effects in clams under remediated seawater at 22 °C in comparison to those subjected to the equivalent treatment at 17 °C. These results confirm the capability of GO-PEI to adsorb Hg from water with no noticeable toxic effects, although temperature could alter the responses of mussels to remediated seawater. These materials seem to be a promise eco-friendly approach to remediate wastewater, with low toxicity evidenced by remediated seawater and high regenerative capacity of this nanomaterial, keeping its high removal performance after successive sorption-desorption cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Coppola
- CESAM & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Weiwei Jiang
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, China
| | | | - Paula A A P Marques
- TEMA & Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Gianluca Polese
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126, Italy
| | | | - Zengjie Jiang
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, China.
| | - Rosa Freitas
- CESAM & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal.
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6
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Zhou D, Liang X, Wang J, Wang S, Li X, Ning Y. Study on the regulatory mechanism of the earthworm microbial community in vitro and in vivo under cadmium stress. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 279:116891. [PMID: 33751947 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, cadmium (Cd) stress tests were performed on Eisenia fetida in sterile artificial soil, and its regulatory mechanism between microbial communities in vivo and in vitro after Cd stress was explored. In the test, 0, 50, 100, 125, 250 and 500 mg kg-1 Cd stress concentrations were implemented. After long-term and short-term stress, the microbes in the earthworms and the soil were cultured with ECO plates. The data statistics of carbon source utilization intensity were carried out using the method developed by our team. CCA was scientifically integrated into TOPSIS to establish a new data analysis model to find the regulatory nodes after stress (Ning et al., 2020). Macro gene sequencing technology revealed that the species with the highest absolute abundance in the microbial communities in vivo and in vitro were all unnamed new species. It was confirmed that the HBA gene, NEUROD1 gene and ABCA3 gene were the regulatory genes of the microbial community in the earthworms under Cd stress, while the TC.FEV.OM gene and cheBR gene were the main regulatory genes of the microbial community in the soil. These results provide a scientific and theoretical reference and model basis for the bioremediation of Cd-contaminated soil and the detoxification mechanism of earthworms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxing Zhou
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liang
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Jiahao Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Shiben Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xin Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yucui Ning
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
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7
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Parisi C, Guerriero G. Antioxidative Defense and Fertility Rate in the Assessment of Reprotoxicity Risk Posed by Global Warming. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:E622. [PMID: 31817462 PMCID: PMC6943697 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8120622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this review is to briefly summarize the recent progress in studies done on the assessment of reprotoxicity risk posed by global warming for the foundation of strategic tool in ecosystem-based adaptation. The selected animal data analysis that was used in this paper focuses on antioxidative markers and fertility rate estimated over the period 2000-2019. We followed a phylogenetic methodology in order to report data on a panel of selected organisms that show dangerous effects. The oxidative damage studies related to temperature fluctuation occurring in biosentinels of different invertebrate and vertebrate classes show a consistently maintained physiological defense. Furthermore, the results from homeothermic and poikilothermic species in our study highlight the influence of temperature rise on reprotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Costantino Parisi
- Comparative Endocrinology Lab, Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy;
- Laboratory of Zebrafish Developmental Genomics, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Giulia Guerriero
- Comparative Endocrinology Lab, Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy;
- Interdepartmental Research Centre for Environment, University of Naples Federico II, 80134 Naples, Italy
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8
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Kadiene EU, Meng PJ, Hwang JS, Souissi S. Acute and chronic toxicity of cadmium on the copepod Pseudodiaptomus annandalei: A life history traits approach. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 233:396-404. [PMID: 31176903 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.05.220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We determined the effect of acute and chronic toxicity of cadmium (Cd) on Pseudodiaptomus annandalei, according to their developmental and reproductive stages. Firstly, to estimate the 50% lethal concentration (LC50), acute exposure of nauplii and copepodids to 20, 40, 80, 150, and 300 μg/L of Cd was tested, and the effects of 5 μg/L and 40 μg/L of Cd on copepod developmental rate was done. Female lifespan and number of nauplii produced were compared. Secondly, one generation of copepod was exposed to dissolved (WCd) and dietary (DCd) Cd, and sex-specific Cd uptake and population density were estimated. 96 h LC50 was 40 μg/L Cd for nauplii and 120 μg/L Cd for copepodids. Duration of copepod development was 3.5 days and 5.5 days longer than the control when exposed to 5 μg/L and 40 μg/L of Cd, respectively. Female lifespan in both treatments were 9 and 8 days shorter than in the control, respectively. Total number of nauplii produced per female lifespan was 440 (control), 450 (5 μg/L Cd), and 365 (40 μg/L Cd). Cd uptake in copepods increased from nauplii to adults when exposed to dietary Cd and decreased when exposed to dissolved Cd. Dietary uptake of Cd was significantly higher in males than in females and Cd uptake from water was higher in males than in females, but not statistically significant. The total population of copepods were significantly affected by Cd. The toxic effects of Cd in copepods appear to depend on developmental stage, sex, duration and uptake route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther U Kadiene
- Université de Lille, CNRS, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, UMR 8187, LOG, Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, 62930, Wimereux, France; Institute of Marine Biology, National Taiwan Ocean University, 20224, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Jie Meng
- Institute of Marine Biology, National Dong Hwa University, Pingtung, Taiwan; National Museum of Marine Biology & Aquarium, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Jiang-Shiou Hwang
- Institute of Marine Biology, National Taiwan Ocean University, 20224, Keelung, Taiwan; Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, 20224, Taiwan.
| | - Sami Souissi
- Université de Lille, CNRS, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, UMR 8187, LOG, Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, 62930, Wimereux, France.
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9
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Świątek ZM, Bednarska AJ. Energy reserves and respiration rate in the earthworm Eisenia andrei after exposure to zinc in nanoparticle or ionic form. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:24933-24945. [PMID: 31243653 PMCID: PMC6689315 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05753-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
The energy budget is an indicator of an organism's overall condition. Changes in energy reserves and/or energy consumption have been used as biomarkers of toxic stress. To understand the effects of different forms and concentrations of Zn and the costs of effective Zn regulation by the earthworm Eisenia andrei, we performed a toxicokinetic experiment in which individuals were sampled over time to determine the available energy reserves (total carbohydrate, protein, and lipid content), energy consumption (measured at the cellular level and as the whole-animal respiration rate), and internal Zn concentration. The earthworms were exposed to ZnCl2 or zinc nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) in Lufa 2.2 soil for 21 days (contamination phase), followed by 14 days of elimination in clean soil (decontamination phase). Carbohydrates were the only energy reserves with significantly lower levels following ZnO-NP 1000 treatment than following other treatments (p ≤ 0.00001) in the contamination phase. The total available energy reserves and protein content did not differ among treatments, but a significant effect of exposure time was observed (p ≤ 0.0001). Exposure to Zn (both ions and NPs) increased energy consumption at the cellular level, reflecting the high energy demand of the stress response. The results indicated that E. andrei can regulate internal Zn concentrations efficiently, regardless of form or concentration, without considerable impact on energy reserves or respiration rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzanna M Świątek
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka J Bednarska
- Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, Mickiewicza 33, 31-120, Kraków, Poland
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Van Ginneken M, Blust R, Bervoets L. The impact of temperature on metal mixture stress: Sublethal effects on the freshwater isopod Asellus aquaticus. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 169:52-61. [PMID: 30415100 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Chemical and natural factors have been demonstrated to interact and potentially change the toxicity of the individual stressors. Yet, while there exists a multitude of papers studying the temperature-dependent toxicity of single chemicals, little research exists on the impact of temperature on chemical mixtures. This paper investigates the effect of temperature on environmentally-relevant mixtures of Cd, Cu and Pb. We linked the effects on respiration, growth, feeding rate and activity of Asellus aquaticus to the free ion activities, as a measure for the bioavailability of the metals, and the body concentrations. We observed interactions of temperature and metal body concentrations on all sublethal endpoints, except activity. Mixture effects on accumulation and feeding rate were observed as well and even an interaction between metal body burden, mixture and temperature treatment was revealed for the feeding rate of Pb exposed isopods. This research adds to a growing body of evidence that the current chemical-based monitoring is insufficient to estimate chemical toxicity in aquatic ecosystems and must, therefore, be complemented with effect-based tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Van Ginneken
- Department of Biology, Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research (SPHERE), University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - R Blust
- Department of Biology, Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research (SPHERE), University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - L Bervoets
- Department of Biology, Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research (SPHERE), University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
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Hackenberger DK, Palijan G, Lončarić Ž, Jovanović Glavaš O, Hackenberger BK. Influence of soil temperature and moisture on biochemical biomarkers in earthworm and microbial activity after exposure to propiconazole and chlorantraniliprole. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 148:480-489. [PMID: 29121590 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.10.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Predicted climate change could impact the effects that various chemicals have on organisms. Increased temperature or change in precipitation regime could either enhance or lower toxicity of pesticides. The aim of this study is to assess how change in temperature and soil moisture affect biochemical biomarkers in Eisenia fetida earthworm and microbial activity in their excrements after exposure to a fungicide - propiconazole (PCZ) and an insecticide - chlorantraniliprole (CAP). For seven days, earthworms were exposed to the pesticides under four environmental conditions comprising combinations of two different temperatures (20°C and 25°C) and two different soil water holding capacities (30% and 50%). After exposure, in the collected earthworm casts the microbial activity was measured through dehydrogenase activity (DHA) and biofilm forming ability (BFA), and in the postmitochondrial fraction of earthworms the activities of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), catalase (CAT) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) respectively. The temperature and the soil moisture affected enzyme activities and organism's response to pesticides. It was determined that a three-way interaction (pesticide concentration, temperature and moisture) is statistically significant for the CAT and GST after the CAP exposure, and for the AChE and CAT after the PCZ exposure. Interestingly, the AChE activity was induced by both pesticides at a higher temperature tested. The most important two-way interaction that was determined occurred between the concentration and temperature applied. DHA and BFA, as markers of microbial activity, were unevenly affected by PCZ, CAP and environmental conditions. The results of this experiment demonstrate that experiments with at least two different environmental conditions can give a very good insight into some possible effects that the climate change could have on the toxicity of pesticides. The interaction of environmental factors should play a more important role in the risk assessments for pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davorka K Hackenberger
- Department of Biology, University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 8A, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Goran Palijan
- Department of Biology, University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 8A, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Željka Lončarić
- Department of Biology, University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 8A, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Olga Jovanović Glavaš
- Department of Biology, University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 8A, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia.
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Kadiene EU, Bialais C, Ouddane B, Hwang JS, Souissi S. Differences in lethal response between male and female calanoid copepods and life cycle traits to cadmium toxicity. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2017; 26:1227-1239. [PMID: 28990129 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-017-1848-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study determined the effect of cadmium (Cd) toxicity comparatively on two copepods, Eurytemora affinis (Poppe 1880) from a temperate region (Seine Estuary, France) and Pseudodiaptomus annandalei (Sewell 1919) from a subtropical region (Danshuei Estuary, Taiwan), according to their sex and reproductive stages. In addition, the effect of Cd to their life cycle traits was quantified. In the first experiment, both copepod sexes were exposed to 40, 80, 150, 220, and 360 µg/L of Cd and a control cultured in salinity 15, except that the temperature was 18 °C for E. affinis and 26 °C for P. annandalei. This allowed calculating median lethal concentration (LC50) of Cd after 96 h. This was 120.6 µg/L Cd for P. annandalei males which were almost twice as sensitive as P. annandalei females (LC50 = 239.5 µg/L Cd). For E. affinis females, the LC50 was 90.04 µg/L Cd, reflecting a 1.4 times higher sensitivity of females than of males (LC50 = 127.75 µg/L Cd). The males of both species were similarly sensitive; however, the E. affinis females were 2.7 times more sensitive than the P. annandalei females. We also compared the sensitivity of ovigerous females (OVF) and non-ovigerous females (NOF) of both species to Cd. Mortality was higher in NOF than in OVF of both copepod species in both the control and the 40 µg/L Cd treatment. Finally, the total population, fecundity and female morphology of both copepod species were estimated after exposing one generation cycle (nauplius to adult) to 40 μg/L Cd (for E. affinis) and 160 μg/L Cd (for P. annandalei). A significant decrease in cohort production, survival and clutch size but no significant difference in the prosome length of both copepod species exposed to Cd were detected. The ratio of OVF:NOF was high in both copepod species exposed to Cd. Cd toxicity did not significantly affect the M:F sex ratio and % OVF of E. affinis. However, the effect of Cd toxicity in P. annandalei was significant in the M:F sex ratio and was in favor of females and their reproductive activities due to an increase in % OVF. Moreover, there was a significant decrease in total production of P. annandalei due to high mortality in their nauplii and copepodid developmental stages. Toxicity to Cd appears to be affected by multiple factors including sex, reproductive life stage and species. The ecological implication of Cd toxicity on E. affinis and P. annandalei copepod ecology is more related to a skewed sex ratio, low egg production, reduced hatchability and reduced survival that affects the recruitment potential of the copepod nauplii resulting in a decreasing copepod population. Mortality, reproduction and population growth of model species may provide important bio-indicators for environmental risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther U Kadiene
- Institute of Marine Biology, National Taiwan Ocean University, 20224, Keelung, Taiwan
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, UMR 8187, LOG, Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, 62930, Wimereux, France
| | - Capucine Bialais
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, UMR 8187, LOG, Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, 62930, Wimereux, France
| | - Baghdad Ouddane
- Université de Lille1, Equipe Physico-Chimie de l'Environnement, Laboratoire LASIR UMR CNRS 8516, 59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Jiang-Shiou Hwang
- Institute of Marine Biology, National Taiwan Ocean University, 20224, Keelung, Taiwan.
| | - Sami Souissi
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, UMR 8187, LOG, Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, 62930, Wimereux, France.
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13
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Velki M, Ečimović S. Important Issues in Ecotoxicological Investigations Using Earthworms. REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2017; 239:157-184. [PMID: 27161559 DOI: 10.1007/398_2016_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The importance and beneficial effects of earthworms on soil structure and quality is well-established. In addition, earthworms have proved to be important model organisms for investigation of pollutant effects on soil ecosystems. In ecotoxicological investigations effects of various pollutants on earthworms were assessed. But some important issues regarding the effects of pollutants on earthworms still need to be comprehensively addressed. In this review several issues relevant to soil ecotoxicological investigations using earthworms are emphasized and guidelines that should be adopted in ecotoxicological investigations using earthworms are given. The inclusion of these guidelines in ecotoxicological studies will contribute to the better quantification of impacts of pollutants and will allow more accurate prediction of the real field effects of pollutants to earthworms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirna Velki
- Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 8/A, Osijek, 31000, Croatia.
| | - Sandra Ečimović
- Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 8/A, Osijek, 31000, Croatia
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Suszek-Łopatka B, Maliszewska-Kordybach B, Klimkowicz-Pawlas A, Smreczak B. Influence of temperature on phenanthrene toxicity towards nitrifying bacteria in three soils with different properties. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 216:911-918. [PMID: 27394082 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.06.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study focused on the combined effect of environmental conditions (temperature) and contamination (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, PAHs) on the activity of soil microorganisms (nitrifying bacteria). Phenanthrene (Phe) at five contamination levels (0, 1, 10, 100 and 1000 mg kg(-1) dry mass of soil) was employed as a model PAH compound in laboratory experiments that were conducted at three temperatures (i.e., 20 °C (recommended by ISO 15685 method), 15 and 30 °C). Three soils with different properties were used in these studies, and the activity of the nitrifying bacteria was assessed based on nitrification potential (NP) determinations. For the statistical evaluation of the results, the ANCOVA (analysis of covariance) method for three independent variables (i.e., temperature, phenanthrene concentration, soil matrix (as a qualitative variable)) and their interactions was employed. The results indicated on the significant interaction of all studied factors. Temperature influenced the toxicity of Phe towards NP, and this effect was related to the Phe concentration as well as was varied for the different soils. A low content of soil organic matter (controlling bioavailability of phenanthrene to soil microorganisms) enhanced the combined effect of temperature and Phe toxicity, and a high biological activity of the soil (high NP values) increased the effect of high temperature on the Phe stimulatory influence. The results indicate that the temperature should not be neglected in tests evaluating PAH ecotoxicity, especially for reliable ecological risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Suszek-Łopatka
- Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation - State Research Institute (IUNG-PIB), Czartoryskich 8, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland.
| | - Barbara Maliszewska-Kordybach
- Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation - State Research Institute (IUNG-PIB), Czartoryskich 8, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Klimkowicz-Pawlas
- Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation - State Research Institute (IUNG-PIB), Czartoryskich 8, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland.
| | - Bożena Smreczak
- Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation - State Research Institute (IUNG-PIB), Czartoryskich 8, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland.
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15
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González-Alcaraz MN, van Gestel CAM. Metal/metalloid (As, Cd and Zn) bioaccumulation in the earthworm Eisenia andrei under different scenarios of climate change. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 215:178-186. [PMID: 27182979 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed at assessing the effects of global warming (increasing air temperature and decreasing soil moisture content) on the bioaccumulation kinetics of As, Cd and Zn in the earthworm Eisenia andrei in two polluted soils (mine tailing and watercourse soil). Earthworms were exposed for up to 21 d under four climate conditions: 20 °C + 50% soil water holding capacity (WHC) (standard conditions), 20 °C + 30% WHC, 25 °C + 50% WHC and 25 °C + 30% WHC. Porewater metal/metalloid availability did not change in the mine tailing soil after the incubation period under the different climate conditions tested. However, in the watercourse soil, porewater Cd concentrations decreased from ∼63 to ∼32-41 μg L(-1) after 21 d and Zn concentrations from ∼3761 to ∼1613-2170 μg L(-1), especially at 20 °C and 50% WHC. In both soils, As and Zn showed similar bioaccumulation patterns in the earthworms, without major differences among climate conditions. Earthworm concentrations peaked after 1-3 d of exposure (in μg g(-1) dry weight: As∼32.5-108, Zn∼704-1172) and then remained constant (typical pattern of essential elements even for As). For Cd the bioaccumulation pattern changed when changing the climate conditions. Under standard conditions, earthworm Cd concentrations increased to ∼12.6-18.5 μg g(-1) dry weight without reaching equilibrium (typical pattern of non-essential elements). However when increasing temperature and/or decreasing soil moisture content the bioaccumulation pattern changed towards that more typical of essential elements due to increased Cd elimination rates (from ∼0.11 to ∼0.24-1.27 d(-1) in the mine tailing soil, from ∼0.07 to ∼0.11-0.35 d(-1) in the watercourse soil) and faster achievement of a steady state. This study shows that metal/metalloid bioaccumulation pattern in earthworms may change dependent on climate conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nazaret González-Alcaraz
- Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Cornelis A M van Gestel
- Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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16
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Fish pre-acclimation temperature only modestly affects cadmium toxicity in Atlantic salmon hepatocytes. J Therm Biol 2016; 57:21-34. [PMID: 27033036 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
An emerging focus in environmental toxicology is how climate change will alter bioavailability and uptake of contaminants in organisms. Ectothermic animals unable to adjust their temperature by local migration, such as farmed fish kept in net pens, may become more vulnerable to contaminants in warmer seas. The aim of this work was to study cadmium (Cd) toxicity in cells obtained from fish acclimated to sub-optimal growth temperature. Atlantic salmon hepatocytes, harvested from fish pre-acclimated either at 15°C (optimal growth temperature) or 20°C (heat-stressed), were exposed in vitro to two concentrations of Cd (control, 1 and 100µM Cd) for 48h. Cd-induced cytotoxicity, determined with the xCELLigence system, was more pronounced in cells from fish pre-acclimated to a high temperature than in cells from fish grown at optimal temperature. A feed spiked with antioxidants could not ameliorate the Cd-induced cytotoxicity in cells from temperature-stressed fish. At the transcriptional level, Cd exposure affected 11 out of 20 examined genes, of which most are linked to oxidative stress. The transcriptional levels of a majority of the altered genes were changed in cells harvested from fish grown at sub-optimal temperature. Interaction effects between Cd exposure and fish pre-acclimation temperature were seen for four transcripts, hmox1, mapk1, fth1 and mmp13. Overall, this study shows that cells from temperature-stressed fish are modestly more vulnerable to Cd stress, and indicate that mechanisms linked to oxidative stress may be differentially affected in temperature-stressed cells.
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17
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Min EY, Cha YJ, Kang JC. Effects of waterborne nickel on the physiological and immunological parameters of the Pacific abalone Haliotis discus hannai during thermal stress. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:13546-55. [PMID: 25943513 PMCID: PMC4550641 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4597-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the 96-h LC50 at 22 and 26 °C values was 28.591 and 11.761 mg/L, respectively, for NiCl2 exposure in the abalone. The alteration of physiological and immune-toxicological parameters such as the total hemocyte count (THC), lysozyme, phenoloxidase (PO), and phagocytosis activity was measured in the abalone exposed to nickel (200 and 400 μg/L) under thermal stress for 96 h. In this study, Mg and THC decreased, while Ca, lysozyme, PO, and phagocytosis activity increased in the hemolymph of Pacific abalone exposed to NiCl2 when compared to a control at both 22 and 26 °C. However, these parameters were not affected by a rise in temperature from 22 to 26 °C in non-exposed groups. Our results showed that NiCl2 below 400 μg/L was able to stimulate immune responses in abalone. However, complex stressors, thermal changes, or NiCl2 can modify the immunological response and lead to changes in the physiology of host-pollutant interactions in the abalone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Young Min
- />Institute of Fisheries Science, Pukyong National University, Busan, 619-911 Korea
| | - Yong-Joo Cha
- />Departments of Aquatic Life Medicine, Pukyong National University, Busan, 608-737 Korea
| | - Ju-Chan Kang
- />Departments of Aquatic Life Medicine, Pukyong National University, Busan, 608-737 Korea
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18
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Lima MPR, Cardoso DN, Soares AMVM, Loureiro S. Carbaryl toxicity prediction to soil organisms under high and low temperature regimes. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2015; 114:263-272. [PMID: 24836932 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Many studies on risk assessment of pesticides on non-target organisms have been performed based on standardized protocols that reflect conditions in temperate climates. However, the responses of organisms to chemical compounds may differ according to latitude and thus predicting the toxicity of chemicals at different temperatures is an important factor to consider in risk assessment. The toxic effects of the pesticide carbaryl were evaluated at different temperature regimes, which are indicative of temperate and tropical climates and are relevant to climate change predictions or seasonal temperature fluctuations. Four standard organisms were used (Folsomia candida, Eisenia andrei; Triticum aestivum and Brassica rapa) and the effects were assessed using synergistic ratios, calculated from EC/LC50 values. When possible, the MIXTOX tool was used based on the reference model of independent action (IA) and possible deviations. A decrease on carbaryl toxicity at higher temperatures was found in F. candida reproduction, but when the mixtox tool was used no interactions between these stressors (Independent Action) was observed, so an additive response was suggested. Synergistic ratios showed a tendency to synergism at high temperatures for E. andrei and B. rapa and antagonism at low temperatures for both species. T. aestivum showed to be less affected than expected (antagonism), when exposed to both low and high temperatures. The results showed that temperature may increase the deleterious effects of carbaryl to non-target organisms, which is important considering both seasonal and latitude related differences, as well as the global climate change context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria P R Lima
- Department of Biology, Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Diogo N Cardoso
- Department of Biology, Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Amadeu M V M Soares
- Department of Biology, Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Produção Vegetal, Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Campus de Gurupi, Rua Badejós, Zona Rural, Cx. Postal 66, CEP: 77402-970 Gurupi-TO, Brazil
| | - Susana Loureiro
- Department of Biology, Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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19
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Wang Y, Xu S, Liu J, Zhang Y, Guo TL. Regulation of lead toxicity by heat shock protein 90 (daf-21) is affected by temperature in Caenorhabditis elegans. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2014; 104:317-322. [PMID: 24726945 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Revised: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, stress resistance can be regulated by dauer formation (daf) genes. In the present study, regulation of heavy metal lead (Pb) toxicity by the 90-kDa heat shock proteins (Hsp90; daf-21) was investigated in both wild-type C. elegans and daf-21/Hsp90 mutants by focusing on the effects of varied temperatures below (15°C) or above (25 and 30°C) the presumptive optimum growth temperature (20°C). More acute toxicity of Pb, indicated by the 24-h median lethal concentrations (LC50), was observed in wild-type adults than in the daf-21 mutant adults at 15, 20 and 25°C; however, the daf-21 mutant adults showed more sensitivity at 30°C. Enhanced Pb sensitivity (e.g., decrease LC50) in both types of C. elegans was observed with both increased and decreased temperatures when compared to that at 20°C. Additional examined endpoints included time course of toxicity at LC50s, pharyngeal pumping, reproduction, life span, and Hsp90 expression. Collective results showed that temperatures both above and below 20°C exacerbated Pb toxicity, and that the protein level of daf-21/Hsp90 was one of the most sensitive indicators of Pb toxicity in wild-type C. elegans, while pharyngeal pumping was more Pb sensitive in daf-21 mutants. Therefore, the expression of daf-21/Hsp90 has apparent utility for the prediction and assessment of Pb-induced toxicity in nematodes. Further, the stress responses related to Hsp90 expression in C. elegans may have considerable potential as sensitive biomarkers for the monitoring of environmental Pb contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunbiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Diagnostic Imaging, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-7382, USA
| | - Songbai Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Yanhui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Tai L Guo
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Diagnostic Imaging, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-7382, USA.
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Menezes-Oliveira VB, Scott-Fordsmand JJ, Soares AMVM, Amorim MJB. Effects of temperature and copper pollution on soil community--extreme temperature events can lead to community extinction. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2013; 32:2678-2685. [PMID: 23939831 DOI: 10.1002/etc.2345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2013] [Revised: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/04/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Global warming affects ecosystems and species' diversity. The physiology of individual species is highly influenced by changes in temperature. The effects on species communities are less studied; they are virtually unknown when combining effects of pollution and temperature. To assess the effects of temperature and pollution in the soil community, a 2-factorial soil mesocosms multispecies experiment was performed. Three exposure periods (28 d, 61 d, and 84 d) and 4 temperatures (19 °C, 23 °C, 26 °C, and 29 °C) were tested, resembling the mean annual values for southern Europe countries and extreme events. The soil used was from a field site, clean, or spiked with Cu (100 mg Cu/kg). Results showed clear differences between 29 °C treatment and all other temperature treatments, with a decrease in overall abundance of organisms, further potentiated by the increase in exposure time. Folsomia candida was the most abundant species and Enchytraeus crypticus was the most sensitive to Cu toxicity. Differences in species optimum temperatures were adequately covered: 19 °C for Hypoaspis aculeifer or 26 °C for E. crypticus. The temperature effects were more pronounced the longer the exposure time. Feeding activity decreased with higher temperature and exposure time, following the decrease in invertebrate abundance, whereas for the same conditions the organic matter turnover increased. Hence, negative impacts on ecosystem services because of temperature increase can be expected by changes on soil function and as consequence of biodiversity loss.
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21
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Calisi A, Zaccarelli N, Lionetto MG, Schettino T. Integrated biomarker analysis in the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris: application to the monitoring of soil heavy metal pollution. CHEMOSPHERE 2013; 90:2637-2644. [PMID: 23266410 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2012] [Revised: 09/17/2012] [Accepted: 11/24/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
As recently recognized exposure and effect assessment of soil contaminants on soil biota is necessary for decision-making related to ecosystem services and habitat protection, establishment of remediation procedures, or pollution monitoring programs. Therefore, biological approaches to soil monitoring, such as the measurement of biomarkers in soil bioindicator organisms, have recently received increasing attention. The aim of the present work was to assess the performance of a suite of cellular and biochemical biomarkers in native earthworms (Lumbricus terrestris) sampled in heavy metal contaminated sites in view of the validation of this biomarker approach in soil monitoring and assessment. Besides well known and standardized biomarkers such as lysosomal membrane stability, metallothionein tissue concentration and acetylcholinesterase activity, novel potential biomarkers such as changes in blood hemoglobin concentration and granulocyte morphometric alterations were analyzed. Both univariate and multivariate (PCA) statistical analysis applied to the data set revealed that the integrated multi-marker approach in native L. terrestris under field conditions produces a sensitive and cost-effective assessment of heavy metal soil pollution, which could be incorporated as a descriptor of environmental status in future soil biomonitoring programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Calisi
- Dip.to di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche e Ambientali (DiSTeBA), Università del Salento, Via provinciale Lecce-Monteroni, I-73100 Lecce, Italy
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22
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Khan MAQ, Khan MA, Hurlock P, Ahmed SA. Physiological responses to temperature and haeme synthesis modifiers in earthworm Lumbricus terrestris (Annelida: Oligochaeta). ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2012; 27:1-10. [PMID: 20725936 DOI: 10.1002/tox.20604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2009] [Revised: 03/02/2010] [Accepted: 03/03/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Earthworms (Lumbricus terrestris) acclimated at 2° and 6°C above their average habitat temperature (10°C) had respectively 15 and 40% higher rate of respiration than those at habitat temperature. At 14°C, the rate of respiration and blood hemoglobin (Hb) concentration both increased by ∼60 and 50%, respectively, of the values at habitat temperature. At higher temperatures the rate of respiration and Hb synthesis started decreasing. At 20-23°C, the respiration and Hb concentration decreased respectively by about 85% and 35% of that at 14°C. Decrease in blood Hb concentration at higher temperatures appeared to be due to the lowering of the activity of blood enzyme δ-aminolaevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD). Exposure of 20-23°C-acclimated pale worms to ALAD inhibitor (lead), lowered the already compromised rate of respiration and blood Hb concentration; while exposure to hexachlorobenzene (HCB, inducer of haeme synthesis) and ferric chloride (enhancer of haeme synthesis) did not overcome the inhibitory effect of high temperature on Hb synthesis. At 20-23°C the affinity of Hb for oxygen also decreased as indicated by the lowering of oxy-Hb (HbO) concentration in blood. The lowering of concentration of blood Hb and its affinity for oxygen may lower the amount of oxygen delivered to cells, which may limit the level of aerobic metabolism (glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation), as indicated by an increase in blood glucose concentration and a decrease in in vitro activities of mitochondrial electron transport system components (ETS) namely NADH-cytochrome c reductase, succinate dehydrogenase, cytochrome c oxidase, and ATPases. Although the oxygen concentration in air, at sea level, does not decrease significantly from 6° to 20-23°C (lack of hypoxia), lowering of both Hb and HbO concentrations by high temperature may cause significant hypoxemia. The latter may lead to inhibition of the activity of muscle mitochondrial respiratory enzymes (ETS). The resulting inhibition of ATP synthesis and hydrolysis may cause deficit of energy needed for peristalsis/fictive locomotion of body and heart muscles (as indicated by a decrease in heart rate) to facilitate diffusion and transport of gases. The upper critical temperature (20-23°C) also slows down the heart rate and causes hyperosmotic stress (hypovolemia). Thus, a rise in soil temperature above 18°C, which inhibits Hb synthesis, Hb oxygenation, and mitochondrial ETS activity, and slows down the heart rate and causes hyperosmotic stress, can make this and higher temperatures lethal to populations of these earthworms, especially in the presence of metabolic inhibitors and respiratory poisons.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Q Khan
- Northwest Suburban College, Rolling Meadows and Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, IL 60607-7060, USA.
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Laskowski R, Bednarska AJ, Kramarz PE, Loureiro S, Scheil V, Kudłek J, Holmstrup M. Interactions between toxic chemicals and natural environmental factors--a meta-analysis and case studies. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2010; 408:3763-3774. [PMID: 20156639 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2009] [Revised: 01/22/2010] [Accepted: 01/22/2010] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The paper addresses problems arising from effects of natural environmental factors on toxicity of pollutants to organisms. Most studies on interactions between toxicants and natural factors, including those completed in the EU project NoMiracle (Novel Methods for Integrated Risk Assessment of Cumulative Stressors in Europe) described herein, showed that effects of toxic chemicals on organisms can differ vastly depending purely on external conditions. We compiled data from 61 studies on effects of temperature, moisture and dissolved oxygen on toxicity of a range of chemicals representing pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, plant protection products of bacterial origin and trace metals. In 62.3% cases significant interactions (p< or =0.05 or less) between natural factors and chemicals were found, reaching 100% for the effect of dissolved oxygen on toxicity of waterborne chemicals. The meta-analysis of the 61 studies showed that the null hypothesis assuming no interactions between toxic chemicals and natural environmental factors should be rejected at p=2.7 x 10(-82) (truncated product method probability). In a few cases of more complex experimental designs, also second-order interactions were found, indicating that natural factors can modify interactions among chemicals. Such data emphasize the necessity of including information on natural factors and their variation in time and across geographic regions in ecological risk assessment. This can be done only if appropriate ecotoxicological test designs are used, in which test organisms are exposed to toxicants at a range of environmental conditions. We advocate designing such tests for the second-tier ecological risk assessment procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryszard Laskowski
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland.
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Holmstrup M, Bindesbøl AM, Oostingh GJ, Duschl A, Scheil V, Köhler HR, Loureiro S, Soares AMVM, Ferreira ALG, Kienle C, Gerhardt A, Laskowski R, Kramarz PE, Bayley M, Svendsen C, Spurgeon DJ. Interactions between effects of environmental chemicals and natural stressors: a review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2010; 408:3746-62. [PMID: 19922980 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.10.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 470] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2009] [Revised: 10/19/2009] [Accepted: 10/26/2009] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Ecotoxicological effect studies often expose test organisms under optimal environmental conditions. However, organisms in their natural settings rarely experience optimal conditions. On the contrary, during most of their lifetime they are forced to cope with sub-optimal conditions and occasionally with severe environmental stress. Interactions between the effects of a natural stressor and a toxicant can sometimes result in greater effects than expected from either of the stress types alone. The aim of the present review is to provide a synthesis of existing knowledge on the interactions between effects of "natural" and chemical (anthropogenic) stressors. More than 150 studies were evaluated covering stressors including heat, cold, desiccation, oxygen depletion, pathogens and immunomodulatory factors combined with a variety of environmental pollutants. This evaluation revealed that synergistic interactions between the effects of various natural stressors and toxicants are not uncommon phenomena. Thus, synergistic interactions were reported in more than 50% of the available studies on these interactions. Antagonistic interactions were also detected, but in fewer cases. Interestingly, about 70% of the tested chemicals were found to compromise the immune system of humans as judged from studies on human cell lines. The challenge for future studies will therefore be to include aspects of combined stressors in effect and risk assessment of chemicals in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Holmstrup
- National Environmental Research Institute, Aarhus University, Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Vejlsøvej 25, DK-8600 Silkeborg, Denmark.
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Bednarska AJ, Gerhardt A, Laskowski R. Locomotor activity and respiration rate of the ground beetle, Pterostichus oblongopunctatus (Coleoptera: Carabidae), exposed to elevated nickel concentration at different temperatures: novel application of Multispecies Freshwater Biomonitor. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2010; 19:864-871. [PMID: 20180150 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-010-0467-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/07/2010] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the work was to study effects of suboptimal temperature on nickel toxicity under chronic exposure and to apply the Multispecies Freshwater Biomonitor (MFB) for the first time to soil organisms in order to link behavioral to physiological endpoints. Ground beetles Pterostichus oblongopunctatus were reared at 10 or 20 degrees C on control or Ni-contaminated (2500 mg Ni kg(-1)) food. After 64 days half of the Ni-exposed beetles were transferred to uncontaminated food (elimination phase). The remaining Ni-exposed beetles were left on the contaminated food to the end of the experiment (96 days). After completing the experiment, respiration rate and locomotor activity were measured in Ni-contaminated beetles (Ni), Ni-contaminated ones after elimination (E), and controls (C). Then, the beetles were analyzed for Ni body loads. The respiration rate, which was always measured at 20 degrees C for all experimental groups, was highest in Ni beetles reared at 10 degrees C and did not differ between groups C and E. Similarly, locomotor activity was highest in Ni beetles, and marginally significant temperature effect was found. The study indicated thus that exposure to elevated Ni concentrations increased the maintenance costs in P. oblongopunctatus and that rearing the beetles at suboptimal temperature increased the respiration rate even further. However, the effects observed in both respiration rate and locomotor activity were reversible after decontamination. The study demonstrated also the potential of MFB for assessing the behavior of soil-dwelling organism in environmental toxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka J Bednarska
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland.
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