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Anis A, El-Nady SH, Amer HA, Elbaz HT, Elweza AE, El-Borai NB, El-Ballal SS. Cytoprotective potency of naringin against di-n-butylphthalate (DBP)-induced oxidative testicular damage in male rats. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:4309-4319. [PMID: 38091078 PMCID: PMC11111491 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02874-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the protective potential of naringin (NG) against di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP)- induced testicular damage and impairment of spermatogenesis in rats. Forty-two male Wistar albino rats were divided into six equal groups, and treated orally, 3 times weekly for 8 successive weeks. Control vehicle group was administrated olive oil, naringin-treated group was administered NG (80 mg/kg), DBP 250- and DBP 500- intoxicated groups received DBP (250 mg/kg) and (500 mg/kg), respectively, NG + DBP 250 and NG + DBP 500 groups received NG, an hour prior to DBP 250 and 500 administration. The results revealed that DBP induced dose-dependent male reproductive dysfunctions, included a significant decrease in the serum testosterone level concomitantly with significant decreases in the sperm count, viability, and total motility. Meanwhile, DBP significantly increased the testicular malondialdehyde level with significant reductions of glutathione content and catalase activity. Histopathologically, DBP provoked absence of spermatozoa, degenerative changes in the cell layers of seminiferous tubules and a significant decrease in the thickness of the seminiferous tubules epithelium. Conversely, the concomitant treatment with NG, one hour before DBP 250 or 500- intoxication mitigated the dose-dependent reproductive dysfunctions induced by DBP, evidenced by significant increases of serum testosterone level, sperm motility, count and viability along with marked improvement of the oxidant/antioxidant status and testicular histoarchitecture. In conclusion, the findings recorded herein proved that NG could mitigate DBP-induced testicular damage and impairment of spermatogenesis, suggesting the perspective of using NG as a natural protective and therapeutic agent for alleviating the reproductive dysfunctions and improving reproductive performance, mainly via its potent antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anis Anis
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, 32897, Egypt
| | - Sameh H El-Nady
- Department of Pathology, Animal Reproductive Research Institute, Giza, 12556, Egypt
| | - Hany A Amer
- Department of Pathology, Animal Reproductive Research Institute, Giza, 12556, Egypt
| | - Hamed T Elbaz
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, 32897, Egypt
| | - Ahmed E Elweza
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, 32897, Egypt
| | - Nermeen Borai El-Borai
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, 32897, Egypt.
| | - Salah S El-Ballal
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, 32897, Egypt
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2
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Li H, Jiang Y, Liu M, Yu J, Feng X, Xu X, Wang H, Zhang J, Sun X, Yu Y. DNA methylation-mediated inhibition of MGARP is involved in impaired progeny testosterone synthesis in mice exposed to DBP in utero. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2023; 38:914-925. [PMID: 36602389 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The dibutyl phthalate (DBP) has been detected in fetuses and infants and can cause damage to the reproductive system in adulthood, but the exact mechanism remains unclear. Here, we aim to investigate the effects of intrauterine DBP exposure on offspring reproductive function and explore possible mechanisms. SPF C57BL/6 pregnant mice were given DBP (0.5, 5, 75 mg/kg/d) or corn oil from day 5 to day 19 by gavage. After weaning, the pups were fed a standard diet for 5 weeks. In addition, TM3 Leydig cell cultures were used to study the relevant mechanisms in vitro. The results showed that intrauterine DBP exposure could reduce sperm density and sperm motility, cause testicular tissue damage, down-regulate serum T and LH levels, and up-regulate serum FSH levels at 75 mg/kg/d. Western blot and methylation detection revealed intrauterine exposure to DBP down-regulated testosterone synthesis-related proteins StAR, P450scc, 3β-HSD, PKA, and PKC expression, while up-regulated the levels of methyltransferase proteins expression and DNA 5-methylcytosine (5mC) in testicular tissue of mouse offspring at 75 mg/kg/d. Further detection found in utero 75 mg/kg/d DBP exposure down-regulated MGARP protein expression, and induced incomplete methylation of the MGARP gene. An in vitro analysis showed that MGARP inhibition is involved in an impaired testosterone synthesis in TM3 cells. Cell culture results suggest that MGARP down-regulation may be involved in impaired testosterone production in monobutyl phthalate-treated cells. The present study revealed that 75 mg/kg/d DBP exposure in utero resulted in testosterone synthesis disorders and reproductive function impairment in mouse offspring, and the mechanism may be related to DNA methylation-mediated down-regulation of MGARP in the testis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Li
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- School of Public Health, Beihua University, Jilin, China
| | - Yutong Jiang
- School of Traditional Chinese medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minhui Liu
- School of Public Health, Beihua University, Jilin, China
| | - Jiaxin Yu
- School of Public Health, Beihua University, Jilin, China
| | - Xinyue Feng
- School of Public Health, Beihua University, Jilin, China
| | - Xiaolei Xu
- School of Public Health, Beihua University, Jilin, China
| | - Hongyan Wang
- School of Public Health, Beihua University, Jilin, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- School of Public Health, Beihua University, Jilin, China
| | - Xiuling Sun
- School of Public Health, Beihua University, Jilin, China
| | - Yan Yu
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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3
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Nayak SS, Harkness R, Shukla A, Banka S, Newman WG, Girisha KM. Clinically diverse and perinatally lethal syndromes with urorectal septum malformation sequence. Am J Med Genet A 2023; 191:730-741. [PMID: 36478354 PMCID: PMC7615864 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.63067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Urorectal septum malformation sequence (URSMS) is characterized by a spectrum of anomalies of the urogenital system, hindgut and perineum. It is presumed to be a constellation of an embryonic defect. Herein, we analyzed the clinically diverse syndromes associated with URSMS in our perinatal evaluation unit. We reviewed fetuses with URSMS in referrals for perinatal autopsy over a period of 3 years. Chromosomal microarray and genome sequencing were performed whenever feasible. Literature was reviewed for syndromes or malformations with URSMS. We ascertained URSMS in 12 of the 215 (5%) fetuses. Nine fetuses (75%) had complete URSMS and remainder had partial/intermediate URSMS. Eleven fetuses had malformations of other systems that included: cerebral ventriculomegaly; right aortic arch with double outlet right ventricle; microcephaly with fetal akinesia deformation sequence; ventricular septal defect and radial ray anomaly; thoraco-abdominoschisis and limb defects; myelomeningocele; spina bifida and fused iliac bones; omphalocele; occipital encephalocele; lower limb amelia and cleft foot. We report on six fetuses with recurrent and five fetuses with unique malformations/patterns where URSMS is a component. Exome sequencing (one family) and genome sequencing (eight families) were performed and were nondiagnostic. Additionally, we review the literature for genetic basis of this condition. URMS is a clinically heterogeneous condition and is a component of several multiple malformation syndromes. We describe several unique and recurrent malformations associated with URSMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini S. Nayak
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Robert Harkness
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
- Evolution, Infection and Genomics, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Anju Shukla
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Siddharth Banka
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
- Evolution, Infection and Genomics, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - William G. Newman
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
- Evolution, Infection and Genomics, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Katta M. Girisha
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
- Department of Genetics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
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4
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Li EH, Xu BH, Wei HB, Bai YC, Zhang Q, Yu WW, Xu ZH, Qi XL, Zhang DH, Wang H. Molecular mechanism of di-n-butyl phthalate promotion of bladder cancer development. Toxicol In Vitro 2022; 86:105508. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2022.105508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Mohammadi H, Ashari S. Mechanistic insight into toxicity of phthalates, the involved receptors, and the role of Nrf2, NF-κB, and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:35488-35527. [PMID: 34024001 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14466-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The wide use of phthalates, as phthalates are used in the manufacturing of not only plastics but also many others goods, has become a main concern in the current century because of their potency to induce deleterious effects on organism health. The toxic effects of phthalates such as reproductive toxicity, cardiotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, teratogenicity, and tumor development have been widely indicated by previous experimental studies. Some of the important mechanisms of toxicity by phthalates are the induction and promotion of inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. Awareness of the involved molecular pathways of these mechanisms will permit the detection of exact molecular targets of phthalates to protect or treat their toxicity. Up to now, various transcription factors and signaling pathways have been associated with phthalate-induced toxicity which by influencing on nuclear surface and the expression of different genes can alter cell hemostasis. In different studies, the role of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling pathways in processes of oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and cancer has been shown following exposure to phthalates. In the present review, we aim to survey experimental studies (in vitro and in vivo) in order to show firstly the most involved receptors and also the importance and the role of the mentioned signaling pathways in phthalate-induced toxicity, and with considering this point, the future studies can focus on these molecular targets as a strategic method to reduce environmental chemicals-induced toxicity especially phthalates toxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamidreza Mohammadi
- Pharmaceutical Science Research Center, Hemoglobinopathy Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Department of Toxicology/Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Sorour Ashari
- Department of Toxicology/Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
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Adgent MA, Carroll KN, Hazlehurst MF, Loftus CT, Szpiro AA, Karr CJ, Barrett ES, LeWinn KZ, Bush NR, Tylavsky FA, Kannan K, Sathyanarayana S. A combined cohort analysis of prenatal exposure to phthalate mixtures and childhood asthma. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 143:105970. [PMID: 32763629 PMCID: PMC7708520 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies of prenatal phthalate exposure and childhood asthma are inconsistent. These studies typically model phthalates as individual, rather than co-occurring, exposures. We investigated whether prenatal phthalates are associated with childhood wheeze and asthma using a mixtures approach. METHODS We studied dyads from two prenatal cohorts in the ECHO-PATHWAYS consortium: CANDLE, recruited 2006-2011 and TIDES, recruited 2011-2013. Parents reported child respiratory outcomes at age 4-6 years: ever asthma, current wheeze (symptoms in past 12 months) and current asthma (two affirmative responses from ever asthma, recent asthma-specific medication use, and/or current wheeze). We quantified 11 phthalate metabolites in third trimester urine and estimated associations with child respiratory outcomes using weighted quantile sum (WQS) logistic regression, using separate models to estimate protective and adverse associations, adjusting for covariates. We examined effect modification by child sex and maternal asthma. RESULTS Of 1481 women, most identified as White (46.6%) or Black (44.6%); 17% reported an asthma history. Prevalence of ever asthma, current wheeze and current asthma in children was 12.3%, 15.8% and 12.3%, respectively. Overall, there was no adverse association with respiratory outcomes. In sex-stratified analyses, boys' phthalate index was adversely associated with all outcomes (e.g., boys' ever asthma: adjusted odds ratio per one quintile increase in WQS phthalate index (AOR): 1.42; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.08, 1.85, with mono-ethyl phthalate (MEP) weighted highest). Adverse associations were also observed in dyads without maternal asthma history, driven by MEP and mono-butyl phthalate (MBP), but not in those with maternal asthma history. We observed protective associations between the phthalate index and respiratory outcomes in analysis of all participants (e.g., ever asthma: AOR; 95% CI: 0.81; 0.68, 0.96), with di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) metabolites weighted highest. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest effect modification by child sex and maternal asthma in associations between prenatal phthalate mixtures and child asthma and wheeze.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret A Adgent
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2146 Belcourt Avenue, Nashville TN 37212, USA; Department of Health Policy, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1500 21st Ave S, Suite 2600, Nashville TN 37212, USA.
| | - Kecia N Carroll
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2146 Belcourt Avenue, Nashville TN 37212, USA
| | - Marnie F Hazlehurst
- Department of Epidemiology, Box 357236, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-7236, USA
| | - Christine T Loftus
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Box 357234, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-7234, USA
| | - Adam A Szpiro
- Department of Biostatistics, Box 35732, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-7232, USA
| | - Catherine J Karr
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Box 357234, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-7234, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Box 356320, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-6320, USA
| | - Emily S Barrett
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, 683 Hoes Lane West, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Kaja Z LeWinn
- Department of Psychiatry and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, 401 Parnassus Ave., San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Nicole R Bush
- Department of Psychiatry and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, 401 Parnassus Ave., San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, 550 16th Street, Box 0110, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Frances A Tylavsky
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, 66 N. Pauline Street, Suite 633, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Empire State Plaza, P.O. Box 509, Albany, NY 12201-0509, USA
| | - Sheela Sathyanarayana
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Box 357234, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-7234, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Box 356320, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-6320, USA; Seattle Children's Research Institute, 2001 8th Ave, Seattle, WA 98121, USA
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7
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Zhao S, Pan L, Chen M, Zhu YP, Han BM, Xia SJ, Jiang JT. In utero di-n-butyl phthalate exposure induced abnormal autophagy in renal tubular cells via hedgehog signaling in newborn rats. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 328:109189. [PMID: 32622864 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) is a pollutant that is widely present in the environment. We have previously demonstrated that maternal exposure to DBP resulted in renal fibrosis in offspring, but the underlying mechanism was not well elucidated. Therefore, the current study aims to understand the underlying molecular mechanisms in these sex-specific developmental alterations. Here, we used RNA-seq analysis to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms of DBP-associated renal fibrosis. Pregnant rats received DBP orally at a dose of 850 mg/kg BW/day during gestational days 14-18. Upregulated autophagy in renal tubules in offspring was confirmed in the DBP-treated group via accessing LC3Ⅱ/Ⅰ protein expression. Increased expression of the HhIP gene was found in the DBP-treated group via RNA-seq analysis. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining and Western blot analysis confirmed increased expression of HhIP protein and inhibited hedgehog signaling. Increased HhIP expression further leaded to impaired activation of hedgehog signaling, which is critical for normal embryonic development. Additional in vitro experiments on renal tubular cells suggest that inactivation of hedgehog signaling induced autophagy in renal tubular cells. Taken together, our findings show that maternal exposure to DBP induced autophagy through regulation of hedgehog signaling via overexpression of HhIP in foetal renal tubular cells, which may be essential for renal fibrosis development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Zhao
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Lei Pan
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Yi-Ping Zhu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Bang-Min Han
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Shu-Jie Xia
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Jun-Tao Jiang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China.
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8
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Jergensen T, Cusmano D, Roy NM. Di-butyl phthalate (DBP) induces craniofacial defects during embryonic development in zebrafish. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2019; 28:995-1002. [PMID: 31463621 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-019-02100-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Di-butyl phthalate (DBP) is commonly added to make plastics softer and more pliable and is found in a variety of consumer and industrial products. Alarmingly high levels of DBP have been detected in water and sediment as DBP leaches from products. These levels are concerning and have led the Environmental Protection Agency to label DBP as a priority environmental pollutant and the European Commission to label DBP as a priority substance. Given the ubiquitous presence of DBP globally and continuous exposure to DBP, studies on the developmental toxicity of DBP are needed. The endocrine disrupting effects of DBP are well documented, but developmental toxicity of DBP during critical developmental time windows is understudied. Here, we investigate the developmental effects of DBP exposure during early development. We find defects in craniofacial development including a decrease in overall cranial size in DBP treated embryos, but the intraocular distance was increased compared to controls. Further investigation of jawbone development demonstrated loss of and disorganization of cartilage development. Defects in vascular innervation and neuronal patterning were also noted. Here we conclude that exposure to DBP during crucial time windows of embryonic development is toxic to craniofacial development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanner Jergensen
- Department of Biology, Sacred Heart University, 5151 Park Ave, Fairfield, CT, 06825, USA
| | - Danielle Cusmano
- Department of Biology, Sacred Heart University, 5151 Park Ave, Fairfield, CT, 06825, USA
| | - Nicole M Roy
- Department of Biology, Sacred Heart University, 5151 Park Ave, Fairfield, CT, 06825, USA.
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9
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Di-n-butyl phthalate induced autophagy of uroepithelial cells via inhibition of hedgehog signaling in newborn male hypospadias rats. Toxicology 2019; 428:152300. [PMID: 31568847 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2019.152300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Maternal exposure to di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) induces hypospadias via regulation of autophagy in uroepithelial cells. Here, we use gene express analysis to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms. Pregnant rats received DBP orally at a dose of 750 mg/kg/day during gestational days 14-18. Gene expression analysis showed an increased expression of the hedgehog interacting protein (HhIP) gene. In DBP-induced hypospadiac male offspring, immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining and Western blot analysis confirmed increased expression of the HhIP protein and inhibited hedgehog signaling. in vitro experiments suggest the involvement of the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-HhIP-Gli1-autophagy axis in DBP-treated primary rat urethral epithelial cells. Taken together, our findings show that prenatal exposure to DBP induces abnormal hedgehog signaling and autophagy in uroepithelial cells that may play important roles in the development of hypospadias.
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10
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Baken KA, Lambrechts N, Remy S, Mustieles V, Rodríguez-Carrillo A, Neophytou CM, Olea N, Schoeters G. A strategy to validate a selection of human effect biomarkers using adverse outcome pathways: Proof of concept for phthalates and reproductive effects. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 175:235-256. [PMID: 31146096 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Human biomonitoring measures the concentrations of environmental chemicals or their metabolites in body fluids or tissues. Complementing exposure biomarkers with mechanistically based effect biomarkers may further elucidate causal pathways between chemical exposure and adverse health outcomes. We combined information on effect biomarkers previously implemented in human observational studies with mechanisms of action reported in experimental studies and with information from published Adverse Outcome Pathways (AOPs), focusing on adverse reproductive effects of phthalate exposure. Phthalates constitute a group of chemicals that are ubiquitous in consumer products and have been related to a wide range of adverse health effects. As a result of a comprehensive literature search, we present an overview of effect biomarkers for reproductive toxicity that are substantiated by mechanistic information. The activation of several receptors, such as PPARα, PPARγ, and GR, may initiate events leading to impaired male and female fertility as well as other adverse effects of phthalate exposure. Therefore, these receptors appear as promising targets for the development of novel effect biomarkers. The proposed strategy connects the fields of epidemiology and toxicology and may strengthen the weight of evidence in observational studies that link chemical exposures to health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten A Baken
- Unit Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO NV), Mol, Belgium.
| | - Nathalie Lambrechts
- Unit Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO NV), Mol, Belgium
| | - Sylvie Remy
- Unit Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO NV), Mol, Belgium; Department of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Vicente Mustieles
- Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), University Hospitals of Granada, Granada, Spain; Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain
| | | | - Christiana M Neophytou
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Nicolas Olea
- Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), University Hospitals of Granada, Granada, Spain; Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Greet Schoeters
- Unit Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO NV), Mol, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Environmental Medicine, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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11
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Schwartz CL, Christiansen S, Vinggaard AM, Axelstad M, Hass U, Svingen T. Anogenital distance as a toxicological or clinical marker for fetal androgen action and risk for reproductive disorders. Arch Toxicol 2018; 93:253-272. [PMID: 30430187 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-018-2350-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Male reproductive development is intricately dependent on fetal androgen action. Consequently, disrupted androgen action during fetal life can interfere with the development of the reproductive system resulting in adverse effects on reproductive function later in life. One biomarker used to evaluate fetal androgen action is the anogenital distance (AGD), the distance between the anus and the external genitalia. A short male AGD is strongly associated with genital malformations at birth and reproductive disorders in adulthood. AGD is therefore used as an effect readout in rodent toxicity studies aimed at testing compounds for endocrine activity and anti-androgenic properties, and in human epidemiological studies to correlate fetal exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals to feminization of new-born boys. In this review, we have synthesized current data related to intrauterine exposure to xenobiotics and AGD measurements. We discuss the utility of AGD as a retrospective marker of in utero anti-androgenicity and as a predictive marker for male reproductive disorders, both with respect to human health and rodent toxicity studies. Finally, we highlight four areas that need addressing to fully evaluate AGD as a biomarker in both a regulatory and clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Lindgren Schwartz
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Sofie Christiansen
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Anne Marie Vinggaard
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Marta Axelstad
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ulla Hass
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Terje Svingen
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
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Maternal exposure to di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) induces renal fibrosis in adult rat offspring. Oncotarget 2018; 8:31101-31111. [PMID: 28415704 PMCID: PMC5458192 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was to determine the impact of maternal exposure to di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) on renal development and fibrosis in adult offspring. Pregnant rats received DBP at a dose of 850 mg/kg BW/day by oral perfusion during gestational days 14-18. In DBP exposed newborn offspring, gross observation and histopathological examination revealed the dysplasia of kidney. The expression of genes related to renal development was also changed. In DBP exposed adult offspring, histopathological examination and Masson's trichrome staining revealed the pathological changes of renal fibrosis. Furthermore, higher expression levels of transforming growth factor- β (TGF-β) and alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) were also detected. In vitro studies reveal that DBP promoted the activation of NRK49F cells and G2/M arrest in NRK52E cells at a sublethal dose. The effect of DBP on these cell lines was linked to the generation of oxidative stress. In addition, DBP induced oxidative stress in both renal fibroblasts and tubular epithelial cells, whereas vitamin C ameliorated the changes caused by DBP. In conclusion, our results showed that prenatal exposure to DBP may generate oxidative stress in both renal fibroblasts and tubular epithelial cells, leading to kidney dysplasia and renal fibrosis.
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